Quincy City (part 6 of 12)

Many of them were Democrats ; but they were the old Jackson Democrats, who had grown up opposed to the local Federalist and gentry rule of men of the Thomas Greenleaf type, and once they were satisfied power. So things went on until 1854. Then the general collapse came, and in Quincy it was complete. As usual, the result of political disintegration was at first in no way what those who had been engaged in bringing it about either anticipated or desired. For more than a dozen years they had been working to break up the old parties, reither of which could in the least be depended on when any question of slavery Both were afraid of it, and the Demoe- To break up the old organizations and form a new one on an anti-slavery basis was the darling wish of the agitators. Promiwas at issue. racy were at heart false upon it.

The break came in 1848. The conscience Whigs of | Massachusetts then refused to vote for Gen. Taylor, | and the Barn-burners of New York refused to vote | for Lewis Cass. The two factions met at Buffalo in August of that year,and nominated a separate ticket with Martin Van Buren at its head. The political ber, 1848, the Democratic party practically disappeared in the town. The Whig party, which had always supported and elected ex-President Adams, for the time | all his earlier life a resident in Boston and one of its representatives in the Legislature, had upon his Mr. Adams _ in 1848 broke away from the Whig party, and was a candidate for the Vice- Presidency on the ticket with Van Buren. He was now laboring to build up the Free-Soil party, and in 1853 he had in Quincy been made the victim of a wretched political intrigue among the foreign Democratic voters of the town.

A convention was then to be held to revise the Constitution of the State. Quincy was entitled to two representatives, and it was understood in the would The Free- Soilers were true to their part of the agreement, and on the first ballot a Democrat was chosen. Mr. Adams was the candidate of the Free-Soilers; but the Irish faction had been worked upon by certain utterly false stories as to his course in the Legislature, and they refused to vote for him. It was simply a case of bad faith and village intrigue. Mr. Adams was accord- But in the town this act of the

The incident occurred in March, 1853. The following November the proposed revision of the Constitution was rejected in Quincey by an overwhelming majority, and eighteen months later the town was swept from its moorings by the Native American uprising of the year 1854. The old party lines disappeared. In Quincy the Know-Nothing (as it was called) candidate for Governor, a man never before heard of in politics, received 549 votes to 130 for three other candidates. The foreign vote stood helpless and alone. The old party leaders were not so much sent to the rear, as they were left out of sight and mind in the senseless rush. The slavery issue was forgotten in the presence of race prejudice. It was but one phase of political disintegration. The old collapsed ; the new crystallized. But for the moment it seemed to the anti-slavery workers as if their labors had resulted in chaos; they had endeavored to inspire the popular mind with the spirit of liberty, and instead they had evoked a demon of hate.

Nowhere did this spirit of intolerance rage more strongly than in Quincey. It required four whole years to allay it, and now in 1857, when the Know- Nothing candidate for Governor was overwhelmingly defeated in the State at large, in Quincy he had more than one hundred plurality. The quarrymen and the shoemakers were united against the Irishmen.

premacy. ilated constituency, came but slowly back to its moorings. The foreign, as distinguished from the local element, still preponderated, though they could not act together. Accordingly, in the great Lincoln in Quincy it had only a plurality. Again in 1862, the year of deepest discouragement during the war, Quincy was one of those towns in which Governor

Andrew fell behind, his Whig and Democratic opponent receiving eighty-four more votes than he. Yet | in the State Andrew had over twenty-eight thousand | majority. This did not happen again, and in the crucial election of 1864 Quincy at last squarely ranged itself on the loyal side, the Lincoln ticket receiving a majority of two hundred and thirty-four in a total Indeed, all the other elements were then united against the foreign vote re-elected on the Lincoln ticket... In March, 1861, his first Congressional term was just completed. He was then nominated by Mr. Lincoln as minister to Great Britain. In May he left the country, and he remained abroad until the summer of 1868. His services in London are part of the Quincy war record, but they do not belong to local history.

In other respects the record of Quincy in the Re- The town did It freely contributed money and supplies, and it sent out men. But of the men it sent out, whether to the army or the navy, there were none who At the close of the Rebellion as before it, Deacon Joseph Palmer, the Revolutionary brigadier-general, was still Quincy's ranking officer." During the war, that is, between the years 1861 and 1865, the population of the town was about 6750, while its valuation was returned at a little less than It could number probably First and last it sent into the field almost one entire regiment, or 954 men, 757 of whom enlisted for the full term of three years. Of the whole number, 39 were killed in battle and 18 died in rebel prisons.

In all 105, or one in every nine who went out, lost their lives. Still others were maimed. But a Quincy lad, a member of one of the families the name of which is wost often found in the more recent records of the town, fell in the very first action of the war. On the 10th of June, 1861, occurred the affair at Big Bethel, Va., and young Theodore Winthrop was killed. For days after the country rang with his name; nor is it yet forgotten. At the same time Francis L. Souther, of Quincy, was mortally wounded. A mere boy, he was a member of the Hancock Light Guard, as the Quincy company was called, and had gone with it when the Fourth Regiment of Massachusetts militia was rushed off to spects both the calls were honored. As John Adams was the great contribution of Braintree North Precinct to the Revolution, so his grandson, Charles Francis Adams, was the great contribution of Quincy in the Rebellion. When the war broke out Mr. Adams represented the Quincy district in Congress. He had been elected in 1858, on the final subsidence

1Tn neither of these elections did Mr. Adams receive a majority vote in Quincey. In both he received more votes than any one else on the ticket with him, but while in the election of 1858 he had a plurality of fifty-nine votes, in that of 1860 his opponent, Leverett Saltonstall, had seventeen votes more than

2 The highest commission issued to a Quincy man in the Rebellion was that of colonel. There were three colonels, Packard, Walker, and Adams, the two former of infantry and the last of cavalry. The service of Col. Adams was the longest, covering three years and a half. At the close of the war he was among

The money cost of the Rebellion to the towns of Massachusetts, apart from what their inhabitants then or later contributed in national taxes, was not | large. In the case of Quincy it amounted to less than $50,000, including the subscriptions of citizens to bounty funds. In 1861 the town owed $35,000; | in 1865 it owed $57,000. The whole increase of | debt due to the war was not equal to one per cent. of the valuation. Neither was the rate of taxation between 1861 and 1865 peculiarly high, or the increase of it rapid. Indeed, the era of extravagance and | heavy expenditure followed the Rebellion rather | Nor was the excessive than marked its progress. taxation subsequently imposed the result of an effort to clear off burdens due to the war. On the contrary, the debt yearly grew larger, so that while between 1861 and 1865, the war period, the rate of taxation | increased but one-third, and the debt but $35,600, | in the four years of peace which followed the rate - of taxation increased eighty per cent., while the debt was $16,000 larger in 1869 than it had been in 1865. Indeed, compared with that of the Revolution, the burden of the Rebellion, whether in men or in money, was for Quincy light and easy to be borne. In the Revolution there was no general government or system of national taxation to fall back upon. The States had to meet the requisitions directly ; and the States made their calls upon the towns. Accordingly, it has been already seen that Braintree then sent into the field | first and last two men out of every three capable of bearing arms, while a fourth part of the whole wealth accumulated through a century and a half was consumed in the struggle. During the Rebellion not two men in five did military duty, nor was the accumulated wealth diminished at all. On the contrary, even allowing for an altered standard of value, in 1865 the town was unquestionably richer than it was in 1860.

The close of the Rebellion left Quincy a town of | nearly 7000 population, and from that time forward the increase both and in wealth was The last vestiges of village life now passed This change could not take place without bringing up new The first and most important It was problems for solution. of these related to municipal government. one thing to manage the affairs of a small village community through the machinery of town-meetings ; it was quite another to manage those of a place num- | community of interest, and acting under a usage which had the force of law. Forty-five years later, in 1876, the annual appropriation was $116,000, and the articles in the warrant had swollen from half a dozen in number to nearly forty. The character of the town-meeting also had changed. In place of the few score rustics following the accustomed lead of the parson and squire, and asserting themselves only when they thought that their traditions or equality were ignored, - in place of this small, easilymanaged body, there was met a heterogeneous mass of men numbering hundreds, jealous, unacquainted, and often in part bent on carrying out some secret arrangement in which private interest overrode all sense of public welfare. To maintain in these meetings that degree of order which is necessary for transacting business in a methodical way was not easy. The multifarious affairs of a year were to be attended to in a single day. Town officers were to be elected ; the appropriations were to be considered and voted; the policy of the town on all disputed points was to be decided. These points also included everything, - education, roads, health, temperance; for in the course of growth the functions of municipal government had expanded and branched out until The poll-lists voters. For these to come together as one legislative body and pass upon numerous and difficult questions in a few hours would at first seem impossible. The as a new idea of his own would cause any political thinker to be looked upon as a foolish theorist. The thing is deemed practical simply because it is habitually done. But to adapt the old village system to the new town conditions was the problem which Quincy, in common with many other Massachusetts towns still clinging to the ancient ways, found forced upon it. Nor is the town-meeting in its actual working fully understood. Since De Tocqueville fifty years ago made it the fashion, much has been written and said of this New England institution. It has been often described and infinitely lauded ; but it may well be doubted whether one in ten of those who have philosophized over townmeetings ever attended one, much more ever took part in one. Yet without having done so itis as difficult to understand the practical working of the system as it is to describe war without ever having served in an army or seen a battle. The ideal town-meeting is one thing; the actual town-meeting is apt to be a rude dispelling of a fanciful delusion. He would come away from it rather amazed that civilized government was possible through such a system than understanding how New England was built up by it.

That the town-meeting, asa practical method of conducting municipal affairs, should break down under the stress to which a dense city population must subject it, isa matter of course. It did so in Athens and in Rome before it did so in Boston; for Demosthenes and Cicero as well as James Otis and Josiah Quincy were town-meeting orators. Just in the deat last it has to be laid aside as something which the community has outgrown. It becomes a relic, though always an interesting one, of a simpler, and possibly better past. Moreover, the indications that the system is breaking down are always the same. The meetings become numerous, noisy, and unable to dispose of business. Disputed questions cannot be decided ; demagogues obtain control; the more intelligent cease to attend. In all these respects, the experience of Quincy has afforded interesting matter for study. Between the years 1840 and 1872 the town-meeting there fell to its lowest point of usefulness. It has already been said that prior to 1840 it might have been seen in its most perfect form. But during the later Jacksonian period Thomas Greenleaf, and the class of men of which he was a type, lost their hold. They were supplanted by others altogether inferior. The business of the town had then for years been done in an orderly and intelligent way. Everything of importance was at the annual meeting referred to committees for consideration; and these committees made reports upon which the town acted at its adjourned meetings. No. method of government could have worked better, for the townsmen were accustomed to it. This it was which De Tocqueville lauded so highly. But there was another and far from uncommon phase of the system which might at any time have been studied in Quincy during the score of years between 1850 and 1870. Had De Tocqueville then visited the place on a town-meeting day he would have gone into a large hall the floor of which, sprinkled with sawdust and foul with tobacco-juice, was thronged by a mass of noisy men, standing in groups or moving incessantly to and fro, and in and out. There were no rows of seats in the room, and but one bench, which ran along its sides. The men al! wore their hats, and many of them had pipes or cigars in their mouths; while the air reeked with odors, tobacco- Quite a number of those present had plainly been drinking. On a platform at the further end of the hall was a desk, behind which were the moderator and the clerk. The town business for the whole year was being disposed of and the appropriations voted. Amid a continuous sound of voices and moving feet the moderator would bring up in succession the articles in the warrant. The custom of referring them to committees

After that year everything was disposed of in a single It was supposed to be a more prompt, more energetic, more popular way of dealing with business. Accordingly, the disposition which might be made of any subject was very much matter of chance. Certain questions the town, or individuals These had been discussed outside, and were or were not to pass unchallenged. But orderly debate was impossible. Now and again some one would uncover and address the moderator. be silence.

For an instant there would If the speaker then knew what he wanted to say and how to say it, he would be listened to, always provided he spoke briefly and to the point. If he told a funny story or made a broad joke he would be uproariously applauded. The comic performer was a dangerous antagonist in townmeeting. If, on the other hand, the speaker was long, or dull, or pointless, his voice was soon lost in the hubbub of those moving and talking about him. For the moderator to preserve order and quiet was simply impossible. The audience was numerous, and almost no one was seated. Tired and restless, those composing it were also excited and noisy. Many of them wanted what they called "fun," and The Dutch auction in the choice of tax-collector was in this respect the episode of the occasion. The office Was put up to the lowest bidder. Some one would offer to make the collections for five cents on the dollar, and then would follow bid upon bid, each lower than the other, until at last, amid shouts of laughter and applause, the prize would be struck off at three mills on the dollar or less.

Finally the warrant would be disposed of, the appropriations voted, and the meeting stand adjourned. Then at last the moderator and the clerk would get together, and from their notes and memories manufacture a record. A few days later the town would for the first time know what it had done at its annual meeting.

ness would have been transacted in a regular way. All meetings were not so. Occasionally there would be an organized faction there bent on putting through some job. For instance, in 1844 the town was profoundly agitated over the great question of where the new town hall should stand. Should it, moreover, be built of wood or of Quincy granite? After numerous town-meetings and many reconsiderations, the party in the Centre came to a quiet understanding with the quarrymen that, if the site of the hall was fixed in the Centre, the building should be of stone. The quarrymen would have the contract. Accordingly a townmeeting was held on the 18th of April, and this pro- All previous action was 29.9 - numbers unprecedented material were decided. The wrath of the Point and the South at this political bargain and sale was intense; nor did it fail to find speedy expression. Two days later another town-meeting was called. And now the Point, the South, and the West combined in revenge against the Centre and the North, and voted themselves three fire-engines, with hose complete, and directed the town treasurer to borrow money to pay for the same. <A debt of forty years' duration was due to that town-meeting episode. When the affairs of any community are managed in this way, it scarcely needs to be said that they soon fall into confusion. Want of method may be democratic, but it is not business-like. In 1879 government by town-

Quincy proved no exception to the rule. meeting was there plainly breaking down. laxity in ways of doing public business had crept into all the departments. The school committee, the surveyors of highways, the overseers of the poor, the engineers of the fire department were in the custom of asking for such appropriations as they thought sufficient. were voted, it was well and good. 'Those who had the disbursements to make would then keep within the sum allotted them, provided they were under no special temptation to exceed it. If the whole amount asked for was not voted, it would be spent all the same; and the town found itself liable for the bills its agents had contracted. of jobbery and scarcely any corruption, except in the small and more contemptible way; but the soil was being rapidly prepared both for jobbery and corruption. The growth of a municipal "ring," the members of which would live on taxpayers just as parasites live on dogs, was a mere question of time.

man who supplied the pensioned poor, all began to feel a direct interest in the growth of bad government. As yet the evil had made no great headway, but the sense of official responsibility and obedience Officers were disposed to do what seemed in their own eyes " about right," regardless of rule; and the town good-na- The result was that Every year a liberal appropriation would be made to reduce the town debt, but each year saw that debt grow larger. It rose in this way from $8000 in 1844 to $112,000 in or war or other special purposes. ficiency debt. pay it off had been regularly diverted, and applied to those ordinary purposes, the amount spent on account of which regularly exceeded the sums appropriated by the town.

It remained to find a remrect town-meeting methods; and in this matter the experience of Quincy might be of value to her sistertowns, for many of them have already found themselves, and others yet will find themselves, in the same position. The younger John Quincy Adams had then for years been chosen by common consent as the moderator of all town-meetings at which he was present. Mortified at the way in which business was done and at his own inability to preserve In 1870, when the town came together at the annual meeting, after the polls for the choice of officers were closed the hall was ordered to be cleared and seats brought in. Then, were taken up, but not until every voter was uncovered and seated, and pipes and cigars extinguished. Order was thus established, and deliberation became possible. This wasa great step gained ; but more was necessary. 'The warrant had now grown to thirty, and even forty articles, all of which were acted upon in the lived at home while the town paid his rent, the tradesmore than twenty years before. When at the annual meeting officers were elected, it was also voted to refer all the business articles in the warrant to a large committee, which was to subdivide itself, investigate everything, and at au adjourned meeting report its was remarkable. The town-meeting at once showed After 1874 every question was again fairly considered and acted upon intelligently, with full opportunity for debate ; the appropriations were carefully made, and all officers required it, now fell in nine years from $112,000 to $19,000, and then shortly disappeared. Deficiencies were met by special appropriations ; exceptional outlays were distributed over a series of years ; rigid accountability was established. This was done through an intelligent development of the ancient village system; and it is probably safe to assert that never in the twocenturies and a half of town history had that system worked so well, or to such general satisfaction, as during these years when Quincy had grown in wealth and population to city limits.

Nor did the reform in town methods stop here. It extended itself into other fields. The work done at this time in the schools has already been described.

In the days of John Adams it has been seen that Braintree did not enjoy a reputation for temper- His labors in that field of reform, and the poor results derived from them, have been referred to. As time passed on the state of things hardly seems to have improved; and the large foreign element which the working of syenite brought into the town tended The Washingtonian movement made some headway before 1840; but, even then, when a temperance convention was to be held in Quincy, the use of the stone church was refused it. dress before that convention, accepted; and then, to their dismay, the parish authorities found that they had shut the ex-President out of his own church. It was too late to retract, and the address on temperance was delivered elsewhere. It was at this time that the town voted (117 to 81) 'to discontinue the use of ardent spirits at the almshouse ;" but still, and for several years to come, the post-office was in the barroom of the principal tavern, and thither, among drinkto make it distinctly worse.

Mr. Adams being invited to deliver an ading men, daily went women and little girls and boys to have letters and papers handed to them across a counter which reeked of rum. Then came the period of sectional feeling had not yet begun to subside, before the town was again Democratic. In 1867 it gave J. Q. Adams 650 votes, to 348 which it cast for the For a town to be Democratic on State issues and Republican on national issues - and that was the position of Quincy - meant then but one thing. It meant intemperance. The foreign vote combined with the Democratic vote, and, having the ascendency, decreed that unrestrained sale of spirits against which John Adams had so manfully contended.

Where such an evil exists, some man is very sure In Quincy that man appeared in the person of one descended from the oldest of North Precinct stock, for the name records, and can be found on not a few head-stones in the old graveyard. Henry H. Faxon was a man of many peculiarities. Into these it is not necessary It is sufficient here to say that he became total abstinence; for in the virtue of temperance, whether in drink or speech, he had but limited faith. Very imperfectly educated, Mr. Faxon was not conspicuous for dignity of bearing; and as a public speaker his deliverances were more noted for directness and frequency than for eloquence or correctness of speech. He was known to address the audience forty times at a single annual town-meeting, and hardly once in those forty times did his remarks fail to elicit laughter, cheers, or hisses. That he was deficient in judgment it is hardly necessary to say. Yet, though often exciting unnecessary opposition and ridicule by his methods and the way with which in place and out of place he advocated the reform he had come to have at heart, he clung to it with a tenacity sure to produce results. Many at first doubted his sincerity, but he showed that he was in earnest by the freedom with which he contributed his labor, bis time, and his money. His attacks on individuals were so open, public, and fearless that from the mouth of any one else they would have been sure to lead to blows. Once they did so in his case ; and he was often threat- Much of his security lay probably in the fact that he was not malignant. Indeed, he was goodnatured in his enmities. He did not lose his temper, and become ugly and bitter under defeat ; nor did he follow up wrongs or slights in any spirit of revenge.

He had apparently none of that brooding desire to '"oet even,' as it is expressed, with a successful opponent, which is always the characteristic of small, | Under these cir- | vindictive, and sour-tempered men. cumstances, while in town-meeting, and not without cause, his opponents laughed and jeered at him and hustled him, yet he laughed and jeeredin return. So Yankee met Yankee; but his work went on. It was a long, hard fight. Not only was a sentiment of reform to be roused, but a strong business and political combination had to be broken down. The town had become in a certain way a liquor-selling centre, and, as usual, the thing had worked its way into local poli- Jobn Adams noted down in 1760 that to be "as litigious now it was said that other towns were 'as intemperate as Quincy." It was spoken of as "a hard place," and the stone-cutting population was held accountable for it.

The evils of the thing also were keenly felt Mothers and fathers saw their young sons falling into drunken ways. always been so, and the political combination which favored the continuance of the system was very strong.

and the liquor interest had a complete understanding with the Democratic leaders. The foreign vote was thus juggled into perpetuating a system under which those whom it represented suffered more than any others in the community.

So things went on year after year. But as wealth and population increased it grew plain that it was not only a question of temperance. The cause of good and honest municipal government was also involved. The condition of affairs in this respect already de- No reform in town-meeting methods would suffice unless Then Mr. Faxon found new and potent allies, and suddenly the town In March, 1881, a

The result was astonishing. In 1882 there were 1057 who voted " No," to 475 who voted " Yes." When the thing was presented in this plain way the issue was understood, and the foreign vote broke from Democratic control. At the same time the friends of good government and temperance came together. The room was closed. But the length of the struggle against the last is worthy of record. It largely exceeded a century ; for in 1760, John Adams described himself, to use his own words, as discharging his venom "against the multitude, poverty, ill government, and ill effects of licensed houses, and the timorous temper, as well as criminal design of the selectmen" who licensed them; but not until 1882, one hundred and twenty-two years later, did his local successor in that crusade close, at least for the time

In the " Memoirs of John Quincy Adams" there is a striking passage wherein he records his boding thoughts as he wandered about his native town one day near the close of October in the year 1844. He was then an old man, for it was hard upon seventy years since he had, as a boy, served as_post-rider between Braintree and Boston. Anxious, despondent, overworked, he at this time had just received the tidings of those earlier elections which indicated the choice of Polk as President, foreshadowing the He; looked upon his own re-election to Congress as imannexation of Texas and the spread of slavery. probable. Engaged in bitter political controversy, nearing his own end, he foresaw more clearly than others the terrible trials which did indeed then remotely impend over the country. It was the month of October, and the time and the solitude quickened leaves. I hastened in from this prospect. Again, as the sun went down, I,walked up the hill to Charles' house,! to see the sunset. But, although it was not quite five o'clock, the sun was already behind Mount Ararat. I went further over the hill, and surveyed the village, the surrounding country, the harbor and bay of Boston, the State-House of Boston itself,

What is the condition of the three towns of Quincy, Braintree, And what will be the condition of the occupiers of the soil of these three towns in eighty years from

1 This was the house, still standing, on President's Hill, built in 1841 by Charles Francis Adams, and in which he lived It was the custom of President Adams when at Quiney to watch the sun rise and set from the piazza choly; the prospect of the future - oh, how gloomy it is! Not a soul now lives who was then in the bloom of life. Not a soul now living will be here in 1924. My own term - how soon it will close! And to whom will all this belong in eighty years from this day?

statesman the future seemed gloomy, for over it clouds both thick and black were then already gathering. His were no idle forebodings, for better than any one else he realized what those clouds portended. What he feared came about. At last that slavery question on which his whole mind was intent ripened into war, - a civil war which involved now that forty years have elapsed, it may fairly and | truthfully be said that Quincy has not before met | There is also a stability and perma- | better days. seen. It adheres to the ancient ways. itants yet meet in their own hall and manage their own affairs as did their fathers for generations before. And just as, a century and a half ago, John Quincy by common consent presided over each town-meeting that was held, so now does a descendant five generations removed, but still bearing his name. Never in the history of the town were those meetings more orderly, more intelligent, or more prone to do right. Never was the town so populous, so rich, or so temperate. It is now more than two hundred and sixty tum beach, and six years only are wanting to complete a quarter of a millennium of continuous municipal life. of recorded history, and there are few forms of human government to which a longer existence is given. It is hardly to be expected that the old simple village system, even in its most developed shape, can in Quincy long outlast that period. But none the less, whatever the future may have in store, it may fairly be said that never did the town contain within its limits so many prosperous, well-to-do, contented, selfgoverned, and well-governed human beings as are contained within them to-day. Never was the standard of virtue, temperance, education, and public spirit so high. Never did Quincy face the coming years with such confidence in its own ability to master each new

_ difficulty as it shall arise. As in 1844, "the recollection of the past is pleasing ;" but in 1884 "the prospect of the future" cannot be said to be " gloomy."

Biographical Sketches Thomas Adams

Thomas Adams, for many years sheriff of Norfolk County, was born in Quincey (then Braintree), April 19,1804. He had but the educational advantages of the farmers' boys of the period of his youth, but what they supplied him was retained and used with profit during his life. He married Mehetabel, daughter of | Joseph and Relief (Baxter) Field, April 4, 1826. (She was born Jan. 3, 1804.) He early became identified as a political worker with the Whig party, and received the appointment of deputy-sheriff, for which office he possessed great qualifications, and whose duties he discharged to the perfect satisfaction of the people. He was continued a long time as deputy, and so much were his services demanded, that he relinquished all other business, removed from Quincy to Roxbury in 1842, and was prominent in official relations. Marked and decided in his character, positive and energetic in his nature, he showed such adaptability to the duties devolving upon him, that when placed in nomination for high sheriff he was elected by a very flattering vote, which also continued him for many years in this office. Probably no resident of the county was better fitted for this "position than Mr. Adams. He was popular, quite | humorous, could both tell and enjoy a good story, had a large circle of friends among the best men of both _ political creeds, and united with a gentlemanly bearing and fine personal presence undaunted courage and rapidity of execution. He felt all the dignity of his office and sustained it well, but ever softened the sharp edges of his duty by his kindness and humanity toward those upon whom he was forced to execute _his power. To this end he often took responsibilities ' from which weaker men would have shrunk. Ex- _ Governor Gaston relates the following instance of his kindness of heart: '' One Saturday a man was re- _manded to his custody until Monday. Mr. Adams _ turning to him, asked, 'Do you want to be with your | family over Sunday?' The man answered ' Yes.' © Go home, then, and be here when court opens,' said | Mr. Adams. The man went joyfully, and was prompt in his attendance at the opening of court on Monday."

Such characteristics as these did not fail to give him a large personal following of friends. official duties, he was an able business man, a valued land Bank, now Rockland National Bank, Roxbury, with which he was identified until his death, which occurred Jan. 2, 1869. him, is an amiable lady of gentle and unassuming manners, possessing the same kindness of heart toward the poor and unfortunate as Mr. Adams, and is noted for her benevolence and charity.

James A. Stetson, M.D.

Politically Dr. Stetson was a Democrat, and at one time he was elected to represent the town in the General Court, but aside from that, we believe held no public office.

His religious belief was that of the As a physician, citizen, and friend, Dr. Stetson won all hearts by his unpretentious goodness, unassuming manners, fidelity, and probity. Probably no man ever lived in Quincy who had a larger circle of strong personal friends. He was a highly respected member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and kept himself well versed in everything pertaining to He was well read in the current literature of the day, and was born in Braintree, Dec. 28, 1806. He acquired a classical education and was graduated at Columbia College, New York, and afterwards studied medicine at the Harvard Medical School. He came to Quincy about 1830, not long after his graduation, and established himself as a physician. His agreeable manners and well-founded medical knowledge soon made him popular among all classes, and at the time of his marriage he had built up a fine practice. Nov. 10, 1842, Abigail F., oldest daughter of Josiah they were not invincible, for he was open to argument, and candid in weighing the reasons of his opponents. superior to the love of popularity and to the pursuit of it, and kept him through life (with one exception) from taking public place or official position.

He was impatient of all that was vulgar and pretentious, intolerant of deception, prevarication, and meanness. His dislike of ostentation led him to veil beneath a somewhat cold exterior a generosity of character and a tenderness of feeling which were among his most striking traits, and which will be borne witness to by all who were admitted to the intimacy of his friendship. He was a sincere Christian, one of the firmest of friends, and one of the most thoroughly honest and upright of men.

Henry Hardwick Faxon

Henry Hardwick Faxon, son of Job and Judith B. (Hardwick) Faxon, was born in Quincy, Mass., Sept. 28, 1823. He is a descendant in the eighth generation of Thomas Faxon, who came, with his sician of Quincy for about half a century. He had a very extensive practice, and not until failing health, some ten years before his death, warned him that his labors were too engrossing and fatiguing, did he commence to relinquish his work to younger physicians.

America previous to 1647, and settled in that part of Braintree now Quincy. He consequently represents one of the oldest New England families in this section.

Henry passed his youth on the farm, with merely commonschool advantages for education. He was apprenticed to learn the shoemaker's trade when became thoroughly conversant with the manufacture of all parts of a boot and shoe. In 1843, in company with his brother John, he began manufacturing boots on a bakery, and also was a real-estate and merchandise auctioneer. His temperament was too active, however, to be confined within the comparatively narrow limits of country trade, and he became a retail grocer at the corner of South and Beach Streets, Boston, the firm-name being " Faxon, Wood & Co." Two years later he, with his brothers, moved to Commercial Street, changing the title of the firm to |

" Faxon Brothers & Co.,' and the business to wholesale transactions exclusively. In 1861, retiring from the firm, Mr. Faxon went to New Orleans and made partners. Returning to Boston the next year, he engaged in speculating on Chatham Street, and subsequently located on India Wharf. Here he operated largely in chicory, kerosene oil, raisins, spices, and everything in the way of staple merchandise upon which At this time Mr. Faxon had he could realize a profit. was not himself a "total abstainer." Anticipating the rise in the price of liquors on account of an increase of duty, he purchased several hundred barrels of whiskey and rum, and held them for the expected advance. The result proved the accuracy of his money selling rum,' the intention being to convey the impression that the temperance campaigner was at one time in his life distinctively a liquor-seller. Relinquishing speculation, he dealt in real estate on a large scale, and it was in this that he made the bulk of his fortune. at auction, and through careful management cleared great amounts of money. He is now the largest real-estate owner in Quincy, where he has about one hundred tenants, besides having nearly the same number in Boston and Chelsea. He married, Nov.

With these exceptions, Mr. Faxon has never held public office, save his present peculiar one of ' Special Police," to enforce the laws relative to the sale of intoxicating liquors in Quincy. A man of rare judgment, of irrepressible energy, he has "' hewed to the His life is of a type worthy manifestation of that tireless, ceaseless, sleepless effort, ending only at death, which seems to characterize our people, and which strikes thoughtful foreigners with astonishment. As a business man, Mr. Faxon seemed to know intuitively the state of future as well as current markets; and the boldness of his operations, and the manner of his purchases, though unerringly clear to himself, seemed to others audacious, even wild and reckless, and astounded his associates by their successful issues. As a legislator, Mr. Faxon looked keenly to the best interests of his constituents. His attention was first attracted to the temperance question while a member of the Legisla- He voted for all measures tending to restrict the sale of intoxicating liquors.

ciation by the advocates of license, which caused Mr. Faxon to thoroughly investigate the liquor traffic in all its phases. and its destructive effects upon society. diately adopted the principles of prohibition, and has since devoted himself untiringly to the temperance

He soon saw the enormity of the evil, He immecause. It is in connection with this movement that he has become so widely and prominently known. He became at once one of the acknowledged leaders of the temperance forces of Massachusetts, and inaugurated a bold, aggressive policy of active and vigorous war on intemperance wherever intrenched. "Through the pulpit, the Sunday-schools, the press, the conventions, the polls, he has assailed the traffic in intoxicating liquors with an uncompromising spirit. He has treated with defiant scorn that political policy which has so often betrayed the friends of prohibitory legislation. Consequently he has encountered much opposition, personal abuse, and misrepresentation of motives ; but his courage, consistency, and perseverance are unyielding. His entire freedom from sectarian bigotry, and his Christian integrity, place the purity of his motives beyond question, and render ineffectual the attacks of those who find his sincerity unsuited to their political purposes."

Mr. Faxon has applied the same methods to his temperance work that were so successful in his business career. He has never attempted to use his

Republican party as the most reliable medium for reform, and constantly endeavoring, through it, to accomplish the reforms so imperatively demanded by | its candidates, when the good of the people demanded it. I am content to stand between the two great political parties, with my prohibition club, and, in case of an emergency, knock the life out of one or both, unless they accept the issue."

Mr. Faxon has used his wealth without stint in aiding the temperance cause, and this has sustained the Reform Clubs in various parts of Massachusetts. During the year when the Reform Club movement was at its height his gifts averaged fifty dollars per day. In Quincy, his home, he has done a noble work. Faxon Hall, a permanent memorial to his name, was erected in 1876, for the Reform Club of Quincy. This, with its furniture, cost eleven thousand dollars, of which he paid more than four-fifths. His zeal and independent political ability have placed him at the head of the prohibitory forces of Massachusetts, and prohibitory resolutions would be a grateful surprise to politicians. He keeps a keen eye on the legislative proceedings, and is personally in attendance at nearly every day's session, working with unremitting zeal to advance He is the béte noire of the politicians of both political parties, who have pretty

_ taken during the legislative session of 1883, My. Faxon To use his own words, "I want it distinetly under- | stood that it is not for office or honor that I take so | active a part in politics, but for the satisfaction of dowas forced to suspend its issue. Mr. Faxon has formulated his political creed in the following : politicians. ever dropped in their ranks was the tabulated position of each member of the State Senate and House of Representatives on the temperance question, which

"Ist. The colored voter in the Southern States must be protected. For every negro hung, shot, or deprived of his rights, hang or shoot the white rebel guilty of depriving him of such rights.

" Having given the negroes the right of suffrage, it is the imperative duty of the government to see that they are defended, if it takes astanding army to do it.

'""T do not believe that any person, with very rare exceptions, should have the right to wield the ballot until he or she can read it, and understand its importance.

"Thousands of politicians in the country admit this fact, but they dare not express it from the platform or over their signatures, for fear it will hurt their political futures.

"Tf I understand it correctly, there are many foreigners made voters through the instrumentalities of false oaths, and other devices, who have not the requisite qualifications entitling them to the right of citizenship. The laws, if enforced, will protect the honestly-naturalized equally with the native-born citizen. No man can find fault with that doctrine. "3d. The payment of poll taxes. The power to procure by purchase the votes of a low class of bummers and drunkards, ought to be stopped by legal enactments.

"Tt is dangerous for the welfare of any community to be controlled by a class of voters who have not ambition enough I will venture to make the assertion that nine-tenths of those whose poll taxes are paid by charity spend yearly for rwn and tobacco thirty times as much as their taxes amount to.

who are in sympathy with the cause, and are determined to press it, in some form or another, into their political creed ; and there is a proportionate number in many other States in the Union.

"5th. Women must have the power to wield the ballot; and that privilege will have to be advanced and obtained through The mothers and daughters of Massachusetts have the undeniable right to a voice in this matter, and it will be an honor to any organization or party that shall

Mr. Faxon considers the press a powerful agent in temperance work. In the campaigns of the past three years he has sent out an average, for each workingday, of over one thousand printed documents containing facts, statements, and appeals to temperance voters. He has compiled, and scattered broadcast, many copies

"Extracts from the Public Statutes: containing all legislation relating to the liquor traffic, with a digest of the decisions of the Supreme Court bearing upon these matters, with full table of contents and indexes." This is a most valuable work. He uses the columns of newspapers unsparingly, and often occupies the ance broadsides." His headquarters for "Temperance Republican" work is at No. 36 Bromfield Street, Boston. He receives far more editorial attention than any other temperance reformer, - bitter denunciations, slurs, misrepresentations, as well as commendations and approvals, - and he is probably more hated and feared by professed politicians than any other man in the political arena. Their attacks never disconcert him, however, but are received with perfect good nature and unruffled temper. He keeps a number of serap-books, in which he methodically and carefully preserves all criticisms pro and con, all sorts of information concerning politics and politicians, proceedings of conventions and legislative bodies, and other articles, from which to draw ammunition in the future. As a speaker, Mr. Faxon is ready, outspoken, and blunt, never falling in line with any " cut-and-dried" business." "In turning the thumb-screw of political sentiment, great care should be exercised in applying the power." '' Place very little faith in the thief who steals your watch, and says he has repented, unless he returus the watch." 'Out of the grog-shops come

_ commands votes is the power which politicians resupplement to the Boston Herald with his "temperand when to hold his tongue, with his ability as a_

He says, 'I don't care a straw for any office; I won't take one. It would tie my hands to be an officeholder, and I want to be left free. As for talking, I propose to speak my mind when and where I please, spect." '* Laws are never enforced by those who break them." "If you want political purity to prevail, prayers and teaching must be the rifles, and unremitting work the ammunition, handled by men of unflinching integrity, who will fire into political sin at short range." ' The grog-shops make bad voters, as " Catering

A few words must be said about the much-talkedof " Quincy system" of dealing with liquor selling, and Mr. Faxon's connection therewith, as its author In March, 1881, Mr. Faxon caused this article to be inserted in the war- "To see if appoint, special police officers to enforce all laws bearing upon the sale of intoxicating liquors, and appropriate money therefor." This was adopted by the a nearly unanimous vote at the adjourned meeting, held in April, the selectmen were instructed to appoint the writer, asa policeman, to enforce all laws pertaining to the sale of intoxicating liquors. The appointment was made after some delay, and the arduous duties of the 'rural policeman' commenced. I was appointed, as I supposed, to do my duty; but soon found that the honorable board which made the appointment thought IT was doing too much duty, and I was accordingly displaced.

In May, 1882, I was reappointed by the newly-elected selectmen, and com- I knew that it would be an arduout of office, and an entire new board elected.

ticles: '' A man cannot override instinct." ' Human nature will stick out strongest wherever the dollars are the thickest." " Prayers avail bnt little in converting rum-sellers, but the law-gun, fully charged,

The obstacles thrown in his way by his opponents were numberless. Everything was done to evade the law. False swearing was resorted to in the courts, and Mr. Faxon was arrested for assault and battery ; but, with his great personal courage and untiring energy, these actions only infused greater zeal into his operations. He made a vigorous fight, employed detectives, spared neither pains nor money, made midnight raids on suspected places, fearlessly discharging his sworn, and to him sacred, duty, and pursued all illegal dealers with a rod of iron. eminently satisfactory. been complained of and prosecuted, each case being carefully worked up by having the testimony of witnesses taken at the trial in the lower court, and recorded, with all attendant circumstances, for use in the upper court in case of need. Owing to the perfect system adopted in their management, Mr. Faxon is very successful in securing convictions. Quincy is not now a wholesome place for rum-sellers, and shows, by its vastly improved condition, the value of Mr. Faxon's services as a police officer, in which position he is still continued. It is generally admitted that town, while the traffic is surrounded with great dangers and difficulties. During the time that Mr. Henry H. Faxon has served the town of Quincy as a special been many inquiries made as to whether he was intending at any time to charge the town for his services. To set the matter at rest Mr. Faxon has sent

"* Gentlemen, - For several years I have served the town as policeman, specially appointed to enforce the laws relating to the sale of intoxicating liquors. made each year to pay for such duties. In order to relieve the town of any embarrassment as regards my compensation, I will state that I have made no charge whatever. I did not accept the position, with its many perplexities, for a money consideration, but for a higher reward - that of benefiting the citizens IT have also derived the satisfaction of knowing that the laws of prohibition ean be carried out if officials are honest and earnest.

fellow-townsmen have fully realized the blessings resulting from the enforcement of the law, I trust that in the coming campaign they will not be indifferent in advancing every principle which pertains to good government. Yours truly,

Mr. Faxon has contributed to the cause of proseeuting illegal liquor selling in Quincy about five thousand dollars in money, in addition to unremitting toil keeps in good health, and will doubtless continue to be a potent factor in the temperance politics of Massachusetts for many years. With his positive nature, he

"There is no denying that Mr. Faxon is a very live man. We have frequently had occasion to class him with the political humorists; for when he is not stirring up the wicked Democrats he is pretty likely to be making himself troublesome to the Republican machine politicians. As an independent political need of the sinews of war he can draw on a bank which had not failed up to latest advices. We have had occasion to approve Mr. Faxon's persistency in urging upon citizens of every party the need of diligently attending the primary meetings, if they wish to defeat incompetent and corrupt candidates for office. In one respect the Bromfield Street campaigner is phenomenal among politicians: he wants no office, and seems actuated by no hope of reward except that satisfaction which comes from a conscientious endeavor to make the world a little better than Mr. Faxon backs up his talk by his money, and is liberal where many of the extreme prohibitionists are penurious. .. . Mr. Faxon makes a very keen point when he says that 'a good record never sends a man into oblivion, but hundreds haye been buried beyond hope for want of one;' and, of whitewash.' There is a pithiness about a genuine Faxonian sentence that appeals to the 'plain people' to whom the sagacious campaigner addresses his many circulars and documents. He never loses an opportunity to fire into the 'wicked Democrats,' and the readiness with which he goes for an opponent's scalp is in refreshing contrast to the timidity of most politicians. A few more such independent, aggressive, caucus-attending politicians scattered through the State would do much to break up the rule of the machines. Faxon is right in continually reminding the voters that they have a duty to perform, as citizens of a self-governing community, in attending the primary meetings, where selfish but practical politicians are always to be found. That is where he isa genuine civil service reformer. Campaigner Faxon's documents are compiled with remarkable accuracy. His sincerity is shown by the fact that, although doing much for the political advancement of other men, he never asks of his beneficiaries offices for himself or 'soft' places for his friends. To politicians who have weak spots in their records which they wish to conceal, Faxon is as annoying as an Taken altogether, Faxon is an independent, energetic, go-it-alone politician, who will leave no siding there. His father, Amos Churchill, was born in Connecticut, Oct. 19, 1770. He came of an old family of high repute across the Atlantic, the English

. e : ~ | ? 3 6 . everything receives prompt attention. Not of a very | Churchills, who have often stood high in the councils strong physique, by his care in avoiding excesses he | of royalty, and various members of which have been knighted for deeds of valor. He was a tanner by trade, married Deborah Thornton, a native of Rhode Island, and settled first in Fairfax, Vt., afterwards in Canada, where he resided some years engaged in farming and shoe manufacturing. He returned to Fairfax, where he died at the age of eighty-six. He had ten children, of whom Amos was the youngest. He was a hard-working man, honest, industrious, and a worthy member of society. Amos, his son, had but limited educational advantages, such as were given to farmers' and dutifully he remained at home working on the farm until he was of age. He then went to Medford, Mass., and learned the trade of stone-cutting, pursuing it as a journeyman for three years in Medford.

Alexander and Sally (Bean) Rowe, of Camptown, N. H. (Alexander Rowe was born in Moultonborough, N. H., Feb. 17, 1780, and attained the age of eighty years. His wife, Sally Bean, was born in Sandwich, April 9, 1787, married Mr. Rowe in

About 1845 they came to Quincy, Mass., and for twenty years consecutively Mr. Churchill worked at his trade of stone-cutting in the employ of others, being for the last few of these years in charge of Williams & Spellman's Granite-Works. He was industrious and prudent, and saved money. About 1865 he formed a partnership with Charles R. Mitchell, to quarry and manufacture granite, under the firm-title of ' Mitchell Granite-Works." partnership continued four years, when Mr. Churchill purchased the whole interest of the firm in the quarrying, cutting, and polishing departments, which he has continued to carry on, either alone or in partnership with others, until the present. His productions, whether in the rough or finished work, stand high in the esteem of dealers, and are to be found in all sections of the country ; but they principally go to New York, some shipments, however, having been made to England. to the diversified and expensive machinery now used, Mr. Churchill has been prompt to avail himself of every mechanical and other appliance as auxiliaries to improve the quality or expedite the labor, and steam- applying himself to labor from early morning to long after the close of the day, through a succession of years, Mr. Churchill has been the architect of his own fortune. He has loved his chosen field of labor, and he still may be found attending to all details of his extensive business, which has far outgrown the expectations if not the ambitions of bis early manhood. He stands high in public esteem ; his word is unquestioned in all business transactions; he owes nothing of his wealth, position, or business standing to extraneous causes or hereditary possessions. It has been the work of his own hands, of his industry, energy, and frugality, and his life is an example to the rising generation of what may be accomplished by them if they give the same determination, energy, and labor to accomplish success.

Mr. Churchill is a social companion, does his part in all matters of public improvement, is Republican in politics, is a member of Rural Lodge, F. and A. M., of Quincy, and of South Shore Commandery, of Kast Weymouth, and is to-day one of Quincy's highly valued and representative citizens. He has one child, Ellen B. (Mrs. J. H. Emery), who resides in Quincy and has two children, Alice J. and Florence R.

William Field

William Field, son of Guilford and Nancy (Howard) Field, was born on Common Street, Quincy, Mass., July 11,1807. The Field family is an early colonial one of well-established standing in old New England days. The various branches of this family are occupying positions of responsibility, trust, and honor in many localities at the present day. Guilford Field, born probably in Quincy, died suddenly in August, 1819, when William was but twelve years old. He married Nancy Howard, of Braintree, whose parents died when she was young, leaving her to be brought up by her grandparents. On her mother's side she was descended from Nathaniel Wales, who settled in Dorchester in 1635 (see biography of Hon. Nathaniel Wales, Stoughton). her a bag of gold if she would lift it, which she could not do. She died, at the advanced age of eighty-two, Nov. 3, 1853. his parents being poor, and used to work at a very After his father's death he lived with Jonathan Beals, on present been identified with every step of the development and growth of this truly gigantic industry. For over sixty years has Mr. Field been connected with the ledges, the men, the machinery, the labors, and the successes of the granite industry. He has seen the associates of his early toil fall one by one vigorous despite his years, the oldest granite man in Quincy, the sole survivor of the pioneer quarrymen. He learned stone-cutting, which he followed for eight years, working during this period on stone for the Bunker Hill Monument, New York Exchange (from " Wigwam quarry"), and for various other places and works of note. The last seven years of this time he was engaged as foreman in the cutting and quarry departments for William Packard, and was also his paymaster. Having a thorough familiarity with all departments of the granite business and having accumulated some property, in 1839 he, with others, formed the " Franklin Granite Company," he to superintend the work which was done in Quincy and send it to their yard, which was in New York City. After eighteen months Mr. Field formed a partnership with Eleazer Frederick (the company ceasing to do business), and purchased its Quincy works, and has ever since conducted business on his own account. He did a large amount of building in Boston for fifteen or twenty years, and afterward made a specialty of monumental work. This partnership continued until the death of Mr. Frederick in 1879. The firm has always been and now is " Frederick & Field,' the present members being William Field, labor-saving machinery, run by steam-engines of expensive character, for hoisting, polishing, cutting, drilling, ete. note that they furnished material for the New Orleans Custom-House, the foundation of Plymouth memorial monument, the canopy over Plymouth Rock, basement of Custom-House, San Francisco, Cal., which was freighted around Cape Horn, soldiers' monuments at Holyoke, Mass., monument for the great wine merchant, Nicholas Longworth, Cincinnati, Ohio, and are now constructing the monument on the site of the battle of Monmouth, Freehold, N. J., soldiers'

Mr. Field's business career has been very successful, and justly so. He has spared no pains to preserve the reputation, so long ago acquired by him, of furnishing honest material and excellent and artistic workmanship. He has been president of the Quincy | Contractors' Association since its organization, Mr. Field married (Feb. 15, 1829) Louisa, daughter of

She was For more than half a century have they walked life's pathway hand in hand, and lived to see generation after generation of descendants rise up to do them honor, and reflecting credit upon the instructions and pleasant life of Mr. Field's home. Their children were William Q., died in infancy. Louisa R., married, first, William Carver, who became sergeant in Company K, Eighteenth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, and was shot through the body, living ten weeks after being wounded, in November, 1862, while crossing the Potomac River; they had two children,

Augustus, now in business with his father, married Electa EK. Burnham, and has two children, Ida Bell and Maria Louise Field. Elizabeth Ann, married Daniel Vining, of North Weymouth, and has one son, Elmer E. Vining. Harriet Amanda, married Henry Arnold ; has one child, Harry Field Arnold. Daniel Howard, deceased. Emma Helen, died unmarried. Charles and has one child, Edgar Howard Field. Arthur Kingsbury, deceased.

vault for late John Anderson, the great tobacconist, of New York (said vault is in Greenwood Cemeing on towards the "twilight" in a home cheered by an intelligent and agreeable wife and the ministration of devoted children.

Eleazer Frederick

Eleazer Frederick was born in Tyngsborough, Mass., April 9, 1806, the tenth child of George and Rhoda (Reed) Frederick, the parents of twelve children. tanic, and educational advantages those of a district school, the boys working on the farm between school terms. His father was a man of sterling integrity and great perseverance, whose life was passed quietly on the farm, with the exception of enlisting in the war of 1812, when he walked from Tyngsborough to Boston.

stone-cutting in his native town, which he left at his majority, walking to Charlestown to work on Bunker Hill Monument, and paying the requisite sum to become a member of that association. He afterwards | worked in Boston and Quincy. Having mastered his |

He settled in Quincy, Feb. 1, 1838, and with Horace Beals, William Field, and others formed the | Franklin Granite Compavy, Mr. Frederick investing

This company had two yards, one in New York, and one in Quincey. Horace Beals managed the New York, and Mr. Frederick the Quincy business. Owing to various causes the business did not prove a success, and the company dissolved in eighteen months, Mr. Frederick and the others losing the - capital invested.

Undaunted by this reverse, in 1839 he started | business again, taking William Field as partner, he being a superior quarryman and having charge of that part of the work. Mr. Thomas Greenleaf, which was worked a number of years.

The second (being the present quarry owned and worked by the firm) was hired of Capt. | Josiah Bass, and purchased from his heirs in 1854. The partnership thus formed, under the name of Frederick & Field, continued nearly forty years. Mr. | Frederick brought to bear on the business the qualities which, sooner or later, command success, | firm built its prosperity. His early training and strong constitution stood him in good stead in the arduous duties to which he was called, as press of | business in the daytime and frequent absences from | home, traveling for the firm, compelled him often to work far into the night writing and estimating. He supplied his early lack of advantages by making him- | self educated in his special calling. Ably seconded | by Mr. Field, Frederick & Field's small business of | kinds was added to facilitate the working and handling of stone, abler artists and artisans employed, the granite of other States purchased and worked, Scotch granite, marble, and bronze figures furnished when required by contracts, till at the time of Mr.

Mr. Frederick always kept in the van of the march of improvement in tools and machinery used in the business, and was always among the first to adopt any such, though not prone to waste time and money on He always kept abreast of the times in which he lived, and though in the course of his long career the methods of doing business, tools,

_ machinery, etc., used changed greatly, he never allowed himself to cling to old methods and appliances which he had become accustomed to when his judgment showed him that the new methods and appliances of to-day were better.

His death was not only a great blow to his family, but a heavy loss to the firm and business, which owed so much of its financial success and high reputation to his persevering industry and ability.

The business, consisting at first of building work only, gradually changed its character, till now monumental work forms a chief part of it.

Among the buildings now standing we mention C.. F. Hovey & Co.'s store, part of State Street Block, Boston, part of stone for San Francisco Custom- House, and basement of Zribune Building, New York. Many granite fronts furnished by the firm went down in the Boston fire, and many more are now standing we have not space to mention. Among the monumental and other work furnished by the firm we may remark the entrance posts, ete., and curbing around the pond, Public Garden, Boston, soldiers' monuments at Leominster and Holyoke, Mass., Springfield, Ohio, and Manchester, N. H. (which latter was the last contract of note entered into in Mr. Frederick's lifetime, and which he did not live to see completed), and private and public vaults and monuments in great number. The Lovejoy monument is worthy of note as being the largest all-polished monument ever furnished in Quincy.

Since the death of Mr. Frederick the business has been continued by William Field, E. F. Carr, W. A. Field, and Mrs. E. Frederick, under the old firm-name of Frederick & Field.

Eleazer Frederick married, Oct. 25, 1825, Mary Gould, of Tyngsborough, Mass., and had two daughters, - Mary Maria, born Jan. 15, 1827, and Sarah Jane, born Oct. 26, 1828.

Sarah Jane Frederick married Joseph Carr, drygoods merchant, and has had four children, - Mary Jane, born Dec. 22,1850; Alice Maria, born Jan. 26, 1853; Eleazer Frederick, born Aug. 8, 1855 (nowa member of the firm of Frederick & Field) ; Joseph Gould, born July 26, 1860, died March 7, 1861.

It is surely well to record for the encouragement of others a brief synopsis of the life of one who, a foreigner, far from the land of his nativity, constantly surrounded by more than ordinary temptations, has

Patrick McDonnell, son of Thomas and Mary (Cunniff) McDonnell, was born at Loobanroe, County Roscommon, Ireland, June 10,1817. His father, a support. In 1860 he was one of three who applied to the Legislature for an act of incorporation for the introduction of gas into Quincy, to be known as as president and treasurer for several years. Soon after the Mount Wollaston Bank was established, Mr. Frederick was chosen one of the directors, and continued a member of that board till his death. was a Mason of high standing, belonging to Rural concluded to emigrate to America, and Patrick told him, 'Give me the money my mother gave you and I will go with you." Mr. Cunniffdid this, and June 10, 1835, they landed at Perth Amboy, and came to New York City. Seeing a kindly looking old gentle- temperate, there was no doubt that Massachusetts Honorable Artillery Company, the National Lancers, | and Mechanics' Association, and was at one time a_ to his last illness.. His scope of interest was large, allowing him keen enjoyment with the merrymakings of young and old. He always took great interest in his employés, some of whom were with him over thirty years.

The most fitting memorials to his worth and ability are the respect and affection with which his memory is cherished by those he left behind him, and the business which his efforts did so much to raise from obscurity to prosperity and success.

presented one of the best places for success." Patrick started for Massachusetts, taking packet for Albany, where he arrived with one pound in gold in his possession. While walking along he met a gentleman who said, ' Halloo! young man, do you want to Patrick was soon engaged at He worked one month, bework?" 1" Ves" 'sir:7 ten dollars per month. came lonesome and started for Boston, where some of work on the way in vain. From Hartford he reached Worcester by walking and short rides on the stages. There was a railroad from Worcester to Boston, and he availed himself of it, and on reaching Boston was welcomed heartily by a friend. For nine days he made his stopping-place with this friend, while he diligently canvassed the adjacent towns for employment. He went on the first day to Dorchester, and was told by Capt. William Clapp, a large tanner and to Capt. Clapp, who said he would take him on trial, and pay him what he was worth. At the expiration of the month, Capt. Clapp engaged him for five years at twelve dollars per month. At the end of his first year's service Capt. Clapp invited him to his parlor, still preserves with care, and at various times thereafter he received tokens of his regard. The five years passed in this good Christian family, which gave him truly a home, impressed the teachings of morality and temperance indelibly on the young man's mind. He attended faithfully to his religious duties at St. Patrick's Church at Roxbury, and was during these five years a teacher in the Sunday-school.

In 1841, Mr. McDonnell came to Quincy, where he has since made his residence, and worked two years for John Mulford in his tan-yard; then he learned the stone-cutter's trade, working for various persons. After finishing his trade he began work for Newcomb & Chapin, Quincy Point, cutting stone, receiving a dollar and a quarter per day for four months, | and ten shillings sixpence per day for eight months (the highest price then paid). He was industrious and temperate, did his work well, remained with them eleven years, walking three miles every day to and from work, carryiug his dinner, and saved about five thousand dollars which he, as it accumulated, invested in village lots and erected tenements thereon. He then went to work for Thomas Drake, with whom he had thoroughly in stone-cutting. Thomas H. and James S. are graduates of Commercial College, Boston. Ellen G. attended the normal school at Bridgewater for two years, became quite proficient in music, attending the Boston Conservatory of Music, and for the past three or four years has been organist in St. John's Church, Quincey. She is a young lady of superior talent and ability, and has decided to enter upon a religious life. She is to take the veilin Europe. Margaret F. attended Notre Dame Academy, Boston, for two years. When Thomas and John Q. were of age they were admitted partners with their father, and the firm

| 1883, they established a branch of their business in Buffalo, N. Y. They are enterprising men, and are doing well. Asan illustration, we quote from the New York Scientific Times and Mercantile 1883: " Quincy leads any town or city in the country in the quarrying and working of granite, and produces an article of a nature that is unequaled by any in the world. There are many large concerns in this town engaged in quarrying, but none are more worthy of selection as a representative house than McDonnell & Sons. This house was established in 1857, and its present members are T. H. McDonnell and J. Q. McDonnell.

They own and work one of the largest Quincy granite. Their operations include every branch of the granite-working trade, including the manufacture of monuments, curb-lots, posts, ete. Polishing is also an important part of their business, Tn all, many of whom are as well-skilled workmen as money The work done by this house bears the highest reputation everywhere, and in many quar- Their

| cemetery work is of unusual excellence, and your corprofitable business than any other man in his line in | Quincy. His economy, incessant devotion to busi- | ments in Quincy and Milton. 1843, Mary Hughes, who attended school with him in Ireland. Their children are Emily EK. (Mrs. Wm. Garbarino), Thomas, John Q., Mary A., James S., Ellen G., and Margaret F.

Mr. McDonnell has taken great pains in the education of his children. school for three years, and his father wished him to go to college, but as he had not that inclination, Mr.

respondent was shown a specimen of it in the lot of the McDonnell family, at the St. Mary's Catholic Cemetery, that would not be out of place in the best art museum in the land. This is a monument of dark blue Quincy granite, surmounted by a statue of the Virgin Mary, of Westerly granite. The whole is in the purest Corinthian style, and about forty feet in

The attitude is a peculiarly graceful and devotional one, and would excite admiration anywhere. The entire monument is without blemish, and its finish and polish of a most artistic nature. It is acknowledged by all to be the best piece of work ever done in Quincy, and were it located in Mount Auburn or Greenwood it would attract universal attention."" This monument was designed and the firm ceased, and is well worthy of the praise bestowed upon it. We mention some other especially fine works of this firm. During 1857, his first year in business, they furnished one front of State Street Block, Long Wharf, Boston. In 1858, the coping for the cemetery lot of Dr. Bigelow (president of Mount Auburn Cemetery Corporation); since then they have furnished the monument for Mr. Jared Sparks, at Mount Auburn ; the Birchard monument, erected by ex-President Hayes, Fremont, Ohio; monument and coping for T. W. Parks, Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N. ¥.; coping for Marshall O. Roberts, Woodlawn Cemetery, New York; monument for the Seventy-seventh New York Regiment, in square opposite Congress Park, Saratoga Springs ; vault for J. C. Buckman, Mount Auburn; Bates monument, Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati; and the largest monumental cross ever made in the United States (weight twenty-five tons), for R. M. Shoemaker, also in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati.

Mr. McDonnell began housekeeping in Quincy in a small house, for which he paid six hundred dollars out of the savings of his Dorchester life. years since he purchased the lot and dwelling where he now resides, and has expended several thousand dollars in reconstructing it, and to-day has one of (Juincy's most attractive residences, with spacious surroundings and costly appurtenances, which affords him a pleasant home.

Mr. McDonnell was a Democrat in politics until six or eight years ago, when his devotion to temperance drove him from that party, and he is now an independent voter. ners, Mr. McDonnell is popular with all classes. true son of [reland, he has never forgotten the fact, as is manifested in the attachment felt for him by his fellow-countrymen, to many of whom he is adviser his adoption. cerity of character is exhibited in his support of the religious principles of his fathers and his strict adherence to the Roman Catholic Church.

utes his success to the good lessons and moral trainin Ireland in 1870, and since then California, Canada, and other parts of America. Everywhere and in all places he has put himself on the strong temperance platform, and by voice, example, and published newspaper articles he has warned his countrymen against the use of liquor as their most terrible enemy.

While in Europe Mr. McDonnell made a three months' tour through England, Ireland, and Scotland. His townsman, Charles Francis Adams, gave him a personal letter to Mr. Motley, then minister to England, which caused him to take much interest in Mr. McDonnell, to whom he extended many courtesies, but would not allow him to go to Rome or Paris on account of the war then raging in France.

Mr. McDonnell ascribes his success in life largely to the fact that he never incurred debt of any kind, being always prepared to cancel all liabilities.

William Allen Hodges

William Allen Hodges is of good Puritan stock, both parents descending from old Plymouth Colony families, his paternal ancestor, William Hodges, settling in what is now Taunton about 1640, and enrolled among the inhabitants subject to military duty there in 1643. He was a land proprietor and prominent in local affairs. He died April 2, 1654, leaving two sons, John? and Henry. Both of them are mentioned as proprietors of land in Taunton in 1675 (see his- _tory of Hodges family elsewhere in this volume). This John' married Elizabeth Macy, May 15, 1672. | Of their numerous children, John'*, the oldest, was born April 5, 1673. He married and became a resident His son Hdmund* married and had thirteen children. He always resided in Norton, where his wife, Mary, who survived him, died April 30,1800. Their son, Tisdale', was born in Norton, Mass., Dec. 7, 1753. He was a man of well-to-do circumstances, was a captain of " Troopers," and during his latter years moved to Petersham, Worcester Co., where he died. He married Naomi, daughter of Capt. Jos. Hodges, of Norton (who was killed in an Indian | fight near Fort Schuyler, in the old French war). Capt. Tisdale Hodges was a man of advanced opinious and liberal ideas. He had seven sons, to whom he gave a better education than was usual in those days, sending some to college. Jerry®, son of Capt. Tisdale and Naomi Hodges, was born in Norton in 1787. He received a good education, both literary and | medical; held a commission as surgeon's mate in

Samuel Tucker, was one of the first settlers of Milton, an energetic man, of great courage, quiet and unostentatious in his ways, and who served his day and generation well.) They had eleven children. Dr. Hodges died in March, 1858. His widow, born in 1793, resides in Petersham, being now over ninety years old.

William A. Hodges', son of Dr. Jerry and Mary (Tucker) Hodges, was tenth in a family of eleven children, and born at Petersham, Mass., May 15, 1834. His youth, until fourteen, was passed with his parents, with common-school advantages. In February, 1848, he commenced life for himself, going first to Boston, and afterwards to Milton, where he has always followed, that of a baker. After his apprenticeship he worked as journeyman at Milton, Roxbury, and elsewhere until 1858. In that year he went to California, where he remained two years, engaged in mining and baking. Returning to Massachusetts, he again engaged with his former employers at Roxbury, continuing with them until 1862, when he took a trip to the West in search of a location and care in producing good articles he has much increased it, enlarged the buildings and capacity of production, and made money. As a citizen, Mr. Hodges is enterprising and public-spirited ; as a friend, strong, warm, and faithful; as a man, he is held in the highest esteem. Believing in the principles of his fathers, and which were given by Thomas Jefferson and enunciated in the Constitution of the United States, Mr. Hodges has been a Democrat of the most unswerving order. His devotion to principle, coupled with his personal popularity, has brought him into prominence in local politics. In this field he is a sharp fighter,

"takes off his gloves,' and gives as hard blows as he In every year since 1872 he has been nominated for some official position, and has nearly always obtained an election. In 1872 he was elected selectman of Quincy. In 1873 he was chairman of the board. In 1874 again elected selectman (without opposition). He resigned his office six weeks after his election, with the full determination of devoting himself entirely to business, but in the fall (1874) represent Quincy in the State Legislature, and was elected. The next spring (1875) he was elected selectman. In 1876 he was "alternate" to the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis which nominated Tilden for President. In the fall of 1876 he was nominated by the Democratic Senatorial Convention of the First Norfolk District as its candidate

The district was so strongly Republican that the nomination was merely complimentary, no Democrat having a possible chance ofan election. In 1877 he was elected selectman by a very large majority, and became chairman. In 1878 he was again elected selectman, and was chairmap. The death of Mr. Barker, senator elect, caused a new election for senator. In this contest Mr. Hodges was the Democratic nominee, and was elected (April, 1878) to fill the vacancy. In 1879 he was not in candidacy for selectman, but in the fall of that year was nominated by the Democrats of the Second District as their candidate for councilor. This was also a complimentary nomination. In the spring of 1880 he was again elected selectman and chairman. In the fall of 1880 he received the from his party. In the spring of 1881 he was again In the fall of 1881 the Democratic State Convention made him its candidate for State treasurer. In 1882 he was again nominated for State treasurer. In 1883, under the bright outlook for Democracy, Democratic political managers were looking for a man strong enough by force of character, experience in office, and personal popularity to make a successful campaign in this senatorial district, and Mr. Hodges was the one dere-elected selectman, and was chairman.

The Quincy Patriot, which is the oldest paper in Norfolk County, was established in Quincy, Mass., Jan. 1, 1837, by Messrs. Green & Osborne. It was conducted only three months under this firm when Mr. Osborne retired, and Mr. John A. Green, the senior member, assumed the control, and it continued under his management the succeeding fourteen years.

In July, 1851, Mr. Green sold the Patriot to Messrs. Gideon F. Thayer and George White. These gentlemen being unacquainted with the printing business, found, notwithstanding the talent and ability they brought into their new field of labor, that the editing of a country paper was not a remunerative business, and after nine months of editorial honors Mr. Thayer sold his interest to Mr. White, who for the year following labored hard, only to find, like his retiring partner, that his editorial labors were not a financial success.

Mr. Green again became its possessor, and-eontinued its publication until his death, in 1861. At this time his widow assumed charge, and continued its publication until 1869, when Mr. George W. Prescott, who had been her business manager, entered into a partnership, and the Patriot has been conducted very successfully under their editorial labors, and has now a circulation unsurpassed by any other paper in the county.

When the Patriot was first published in 1837 it was a very diminutive sheet, being only twenty by thirty inches in size. When Messrs. Thayer & White became owners they increased the size to twenty-two by thirtytwo inches. It remained this size until 1866, when it was enlarged to twenty-four by thirty-six inches.

by forty-one inches. The publishers in 1880 again felt the necessity of enlarging the Patriot to meet the wants of their numerous patrons. made to the size twenty-nine by forty-four inches ; and a beautiful engraving representing the granite business, the principal business of the town, was placed at the top of the first page.

The Patriot has now almost reached a half-century, and can feel proud of its record, for during all this time it has never missed one publication, and has always been set in type and printed in the building that the first number was issued from. The present publishers have made it an independent sheet, free from all sectarian and political bias, and have thereby secured a very large advertising patronage, and at the same time secured a very large circulation at a subscription price of two dollars and fifty cents per year.

business since 1813. The date preceding the name indicates the date of beginning business. 18138, Newcomb & Richards, composed of Bryant Newcomb and Joseph Richards; 1817, William Packard; 1825, Granite Railway Company, Gridley Bryant, agent, succeeded by S. R. Robinson, George Penniman, J. B. Whicher, and O. E. Shelden; 1827, Richards & Newcomb (Joseph Richards, Jonathan Newcomb) ; 1827, Bunker Hill Association, Solomon Williard, agent; 1827, Samuel Martin; 1828, Thomas Hollis; 1829, Newcomb Brothers (Jona A. and Samuel Newcomb); 1829, Richards & Munn (Joseph Richards, Luther Munn); 1834, Thomas Hollis, Jr.; 1884-42, Wright & Barker (Henry Barker and Abel Wright) ; 1842-64, Barker, Wright & Co.; 1866, Henry Barker & Sons; 1835, O. T. Rogers & Co. (O. T. Rogers, Jacob Bunton, Samuel Babcock, and Noah Cummings); 1836, Moore, Day & Co.; 1836, A. J. Moshier & Co.; 1886, Beal & Frederick (Horace Beal and Eleazer Frederick); 1837, Frederick &. Field (E.

Thomas Hollis & Flanders, Rattlesnake Quarry, now worked by O. T. Rogers & Co.; Bass Quarry, now worked by Frederick & Field; William M. Kidder also worked the Bass Quarry, John L. Dutton also worked the Gass Quarry, and Ezra Badger worked near Mount Ararat, now operated by Churchill & Co.; Frederick J. Fuller, James Garrety, Lewis Dell & Co., Carris & Co., William Shay & Son, McKenzie & Patterson, Mitchel Granite-Works, Badger Brothers, P. F. Lacy, Harris Farnum, Adam Vogle & Son, J. S. Vogle, Miller & Luce, McDonald Brothers, Merrymount Granite Co., McGrath Brothers, and numerous others, embracing probably nearly one hundred firms engaged in the various branches of the business.

Representatives To General Court From 1792 To 1884

The following are also engaged in the quarrying Josiah Bemis, Joel Bemis, George Follett, Thomas Drake; Greenleaf Quarry: James Newcomb worked in the South and North Commons; B. Newcomb, J.

In 1876 a change was made in the representative districts. Quincey and Weymouth were united and allowed three representatives. Since then the following have been elected, viz. :

Appendix Fourth Regiment Infantry M. V. M.

Mustered in the United States service, April 22, 1861, for three months, and discharged July 22, 1861. Abner B. Packard, col. ; Henry M. Saville, surg.; William L. Faxon, assist. surg.; Henry Walker, adjt.

Edward A. Spear, 1st lieut. Benjamin F. Meservey, 2d lieut. Charles F. Pray, Ist sergt. Matthew M. C. Chubbuck, sergt. John Williams, sergt.

Nightingale, Alonzo A. Nightingale, Samuel A. Nutting, Charles A. Nutting, Edward W. H. Perkins, Edward L. Pope, Alexander P. Pope, William O. Reynolds, William W. Riley, Charles D, Rideout, Luke A. Shaw, Horatio E. Spear, Warren Q. Totman, Freeman M. Turner, Henry C.1 Turner, John Bl Wildman, Henry G.

Veteran Reserve Corps

Dewoody, Mortimer L., must. Sept. 3, 1864; no record of discharge. Donnovan, Timothy, must. Aug. 31, 1864; no record of discharge. Flaherty, William, must. Aug. 31, 1864; no record of discharge. Lowney, Dennis, must. Aug. 31, 1864; disch. Nov. 30, 1865.

Fourth Battery Light Artillery M. V.

THIRD BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY M. V. Follett, William H., sergt., must. Sept. 5, 1861; pro. 2d lieut.; disch. March 12, 1865. Follett, Charles A., corp., must. Sept. 5, 1861; trans. to 5th Light Battery Sept. 1, 1864. FOURTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY M. V. Mustered June 9, 1864 ; discharged October, 1865.

Forty-Eighth Regiment Infantry M. Vy. M.

Mustered in Oct. 1, 1862; discharged Sept. 3, 1863. Company G, Rudderhan, William E., sergt., pro. 1st lieut. Boyd, William, sergt., pro. 2d lieut. Talbot, Henry, sergt. Boyd, Patrick, musician. Flemming, Garrett, killed June 30, 1863. Flynn, William, died May 3, 1863. O'Neil, John T. Company I. Robertson, James G. Company K.

Fourth Regiment Heavy Artillery M. Vy

Privates. Hayden, Charles M. Hayden, Joseph W. Hobart, Marcus M. Holmes, Elisha B. Hoimes, Frank W. Kimball, Francis. Luzarder, Horace A. Luzarder, Moses. Mears, George A. Merrill, Charles M. Newcomb, Charles A. Newcomb, Lewis A. Packard, George F. Page, Charles C. Perkins, Henry. Pierce, Benjamin R. Prior, Hiram B. Randall, George. Rogers, Thomas M. Snow, William A. Spear, Edward A. Thomas, Peter. Thomas, Richard. Underwood, Ebenezer W. Whicher, Charles Q. Whitney, Adams. Willett, George A. Willett, William H. H.

Source changes here: from Norfolk County Agricultural and Home Making Bulletin, by Norfolk County Agricultural School, published 1917; 89,574 words in this source stream.

Potatoes

In nearly every town or city where community markets have been installed this season, they have been successful from both the producers' and consumers' standpoint, and in many places they will be carried on next year and years to follow. A great deal of the f-uture success of these markets will depend upon the grower. The consumer has shown his willingness to patronize them, and if the farmer will continue to put on sale fiesh, good quality produce at prices which will allow the purchaser to benefit from the inconvenience of coming to the market and carrying his vegetables home in a basket, and in many cases paying one or two carfares, then the market will continue to be successful.

The producer who looks ahead to better his business will realize tnc opportunity that is offered him to make more for the labor he puts into raising his farm products, and the consumer will further realize the advantages that are to be had in purchasing good fresh vegetables at fair prices.

Almost $50,000 is offered in premiums and prizes in the various departments at the Eastern States Exposition and Dairy Show, which will be held from October 12 to 20 at Springfield, Mass. The premium lists are now ready for distribution and may be had by writing to the general manager, John C. Simpson.

That this will be an all-purpose show is indicated by the number of departments. These include breeding and show horses, six breeds of dairy cattle, three breeds of beef cattle and all the well known breeds of sheep and swine. This year's Eastern Berkshire Congress Show will be held as a part of the exposition.

The vegetable show will be the First National Exhibition of the Vegetable Growers' Association of America, and will be assembled from all parts of this country and Canada. Fruits will have an equally large and iuiportant display. The Boys' and Girls' Club contests and show are expected to exceed those of last year. Sixty boys and girls who win placeson their state teams will have their traveling and living expenses for six days paid by the exposition.

Horse races for five days and auto races three days will be among the entertainment features. 'The horse show will be the evening attraction the entire week of October 15. Another show of importance will be that

Poultry Department

At this time of the year the culling of the poultry flock should be completed. With the present prices of grain, one can ill afford to carry unprofitable hens through the winter season. Hens that are laying at present and have not begun to molt should be saved another year. Those that rolt latest should be ma'ked with leg bands and used for breeders since they are us-ually the highest producers. Another good sign for a higli producer is very pale shanks at this season of the yea'-, showing that the color has been "laid out." This applies only to yellow legged varieties. This test used along with the time of molt should give a rather good index to the performance of the bird.