Rehoboth Town (part 3 of 6)

Emergency Nutrition

What is the relief worker to advise, or the intelligent but destitute mother to do, in such times and places as there simply is not money at hand to feed a child according to adequate standards? The guiding principle should be to provide those nutritional essentials of which a shortage tends to permanent injury, and sacrifice other features which are normally desirable but not absolutely essential.

Divide the food money into fifths, or more, for milk and cheese; one-fifth, or more, for bread and cereals; one-fifth, more or less, for vegetables and fruits; one -fifth, or less, for meats, fish and eggs; one-fifth, or less, for fats, sugar and groceries.

On an abnormally low level, then onethird should be spent on milk in some form, one-third on cereals and bread stuffs, and one;-third on the cheapest fruits and vegetables to provide the absolutely necessary minerals and vitamins. Meats and fats and sweets must be foregone.

If there are times and places of such dire destitution that sacrifices must be made even among the three bare essentials of bread, milk and some fruit or vegetables, what then? Shall obvious hunger and a starved appearance lead to the crowding out of milk by bread because a penny spent for bread goes farther to still the pangs of hunger? To go too far in this direction is to incur the even greater tragedy of the lifelong injuries which result from the "hidden hunger" of the mineral and vitamin deficiencies. Milk is both the cheapest and the surest protection against these. The low'er the level of expenditure, the more must one forego other foods and concentrate effort on providing milk and cereal or bread, with a little fruit or vegetable.

Pace frankly the fact that reasonable standards are, for many, temporarily out of reach, and help, in any way you can, to guide them in their expenditures so that the children affected may be brought through without life-long injuries, even if body weights are subnormal for a time.

Low Cost Meals

There have been many requests for demonstration lectures on the subject of nourishing meals at lower cost. We are glad to take care of as many of these as possible. If you would like one of these demonstrations in your community communicate with Miss Blanche W. Fames, Home Demonstraton Agent, Segreganset, Mass.

Junior Club Activities

On Saturday, January 9th, at the Bristol County Agricultural School, thirty-five local. County and State leaders met for their fourth countywide annual get-together.

Mr. Harley A. Leland and Miss Helen M. Doane represented the State office and each contributed greatly to the program. The Director of the Agricultural School, Mr. George H. Gilbert, opened the meeting with a short talk and a hearty welcome. Mr. Leland spoke upon the new' score card and also upon the subject of "What Constitutes an Ideal Club Meeting", in the absence of State Leader George L. Farley, who was scheduled to handle this subject. A mock club meeting was presented by the junior local leaders under the direction of the Club Agent.

After the lunch hour some very interesting games were played by all. This part of the program was given under the direction of Mr. Leland. The games played were some that local leaders could use at their regular meetings.

Miss Doane led the leaders in club songs and conducted a food judging contest for the Food Club leaders. Clothing, Handicraft and Forestry Club leaders also took part in judging and identification under the direction of Miss Dorothy M. Stewart and Edwin R. Weyth, respectively. The group disbanded at 3.00 P. M.

Poultry Club Notes Winners in the Monthly Egg Laying Contest for December are as follows: First, Lester Ralph, North Attleboro, 49 birds, 20.2 eggs per bird; Second, Henry Hadeck, North Attleboro, 107 birds, 16.7 eggs per bird; Third, Alfred Doel, East Taunton, 40 birds, 16.4 eggs per bird.

Other members getting good egg yields are Raymond Kuthan and Antone Allemao, Acushnet; Wilfred Daigle, John Morgan, William Ortelt, North Rehoboth; Ralph Doran, Jr., Raymond Harrington, North Dartmouth; Carlton Cobb, John Cahoon, Edward Myles, Fall River; Roland Vassar, North Attleboro; John Dean, Taunton. All of these members had egg yields of 12 or more eggs per bird.

Talcott Edminister, the 11 year old son of Mr. and Mrs. Albert F. Edminster of East Freetown, turned in a record recently of his turkey business during the past season.

He started in June with 10 poults which cost him $7.50. His grain for raising these cost $13.98. He paid for labor for dressing them $4.50. The interest and depreciation on buildings and equipment amounted to $1.68, making a total expense of $27.66, exclusive of his labor. His turkeys brought $48.99 and he w'on $2.00 in prizes, making a total income of $50.99, and a net profit of $23.33 on ten turkeys. Forestry Club Notes Twig identification contests have been held in several of the Forestry Clubs during the past months. The following won prizes awarded by the County Club Agent. At the Long Plain School, Roy Geggatt won first. Roger Brayley and Allen Sherman were close seconds. In the Marie S. Howard School, Wallace Philla won first vnth Nellie Kut running a very close second. At the North Dartmout Club, Julius Silvia won first with Robert Hawes a close second. The other Forestry Clubs, namely the Club at the Caswell School, East Taunton, the Myricks School, and the Parting Ways School at Acushnet, will hold identification contests during this month. Handicraft Club Notes Four new Handicraft Clubs have been organized in the county. One at North Dighton, with Mr. Fred 0. Walker as leader, one at the Newman Avenue School, Seekonk, one at the Washington School, Taunton, with Charles Webster as assistant local leader and one at West Mansfield.

The Perry Handicraft Club at North Rehoboth is making a book case and a table top for their school room. The Handicraft Club at the Raynham Center School, under the leadership of Clifton Strange is making saw-horses for a work bench for their club.

Club members will do well to remember that a final exhibit and completion of their work is due in April or early May. That means only a few weeks more. Check up with your Handicraft requirement sheet and see if you are well along vsdth your requirements. You must also keep your records of work done and cost of materials used. Club pins will be awarded only to those who have accomplished all of their requirements.

Don't fail to tune in over Station WNBH, New Bedford, on the fourth Saturday of each month at 12.45 and listen to a 4-H program which is being ' put on by some clubs in Bristol County. Also over Station WBZ and WBZA each Saturday at 12.00 o'clock noon there are 4-H broadcasts both State and National.

4-H Friendship Do you know that Miss Fannie Buchanan has vsTitten another 4-H Song? It has a very catchy tune and I know you will like it. It is being played in the opening number of 4-H programs over WBZ, and is called "4-H Friendship". It costs ten cents a copy and may be obtained from the Home Publishing Company, 1130 East Street, Grinnell, Iowa.

Learning America's Music Are you interested in Music Appreciation? The names of the compositions for the Music Memory Contest are ready. Perhaps you have already started to learn to recognize the selections.

On the list as it was sent out, the "Song of the Marching Men" by Hadley included. It has been very difficult to get this selection, so "Witches' Dance" by MacDowell has been subsubstituted. It can be had on a Victor Record, No. 20396.

Food Club Notes At the County Street School, Taunton, the "Brothers of the Skillet", a 4-H Boys' Food Club, has been progressing rapidly. The leader is Miss Louise B. Sears, Principal of the County Street School. The following boys are members: Jesse King, President; Enos White, Vice-President; Peter Pina, Secretary; Edward Rupa, Frank Barber, Joseph Baptist, Eugene Jackson.

At one meeting the boys brought in whole grain muffins and held a judging contest. These boys made fine muffins as Mr. Wyeth, the County Club Agent can testify, because he visited the club and sampled the products made.

The Well Dressed Girl

Would you like to be well dressed? The girl who is well dressed wears clothing which becomes her, which is appropriate and which is vsrithin the limits of her pocketbook.

At the Annual Roundup late in April the fourth Cotton Dress Contest is to be held. Now is the time to think, to plan and to make a good looking dress.

Selecting a becoming style is a fascinating game. You will be surprised to see how inexpensively you can make a becoming cotton dress. Why not enter the contest and see for yourself that this is true?

The Modern Ben Hur

The only diflference between the Ben Hur of ancient days and the Ben Hur of B. C. A. S. is that the original Ben Hur stuck by his team to the end. Ben Hur (Cuddy Johnson) of B. C A. S. decided that his life was worth a good deal more than that of his swift and unhalting steeds, so he acted accordingly. Leaving his team to be guided by the so called intelligence of horse flesh, Cuddy landed in a snow drift, with only the applause of the wind instead of the beautiful ladies of the Roman Arena. What a sorrowful ending to his early morning ride on the snow plow.

Bird Club

A meeting was held at B. C. A. S. Monday evening, February first, for the purpose of organizing a Bird Club for both Dighton and Berkley. Because of the disagreeable weather, many who had planned to come were not present. The purpose of the club is to feed and protect all song and insectivorous birds, to learn their habits and to learn to identify them. So few people know these feathered friends about us day after day. The club is open to all who wish to seek more information and are interested in bird life.

Ninety per cent of our bird life in the United States has been destroyed by man, animals and bird enemies of the song bird. It is now up to us to help to bring it back again or in a few years some of our most useful songsters and insect eaters will be extinct. The birds are the natural enemies of insect life.

This club is backed up by the Farm Journal, through which a great deal of interest is carried to all parts of our country. Our meetings will be held every Monday night at 7.30. This club is being promoted by Clinton Ashley, a graduate ef B. C. A. S.

The English Sparrow An Unwelcome Guest

The ancestors of this pest were introduced into this country from Europe in 1852 by some poorly informed individual, who believed that it would rid our trees of the large infestation of cater-, pillars at that time. He has been a very little help to us since his arrival. He very seldom eats any insects, but has been known to feed on a few of our weed seeds, although not nearly enough to compensate for his damage.

This bird is too well known to mention his colors or physical characteristics. His nest is started in April, and is made of straw and rubbish piled behind blinds, in crevices of buildings, in the tops of electric lights, and some-. times in the tops of large trees. A pair of sparrows will raise from one to six broods a season, and from five to seven eggs are laid at a time. They are whitish, acratched with black. At the rate of one to six broods a season, it has been estimated that if all live the progeny of one pair of sparrows in ten years would amount to 275,716,983,698. Every time a pair of these pests is killed th's enormous number is kept from hatching in ten years.

After the young leave their nests they gather in flocks for feeding during the day and return to a common roosting place in the evening. These pests are bullies and fighters as soon as they leave the egg. They drive all of our song birds away from their nests by fighting and by picking the eggs. They consume a large amount of food which should go to other birds. They never think of hunting for their own food. They claim a large part of our chickadee's food, his idea being, "something for nothing."

One of the best ways to rid a neighborhood of this pest is to break their eggs about every ten days as they keep laying them. Shooting them with air rifles decreases them, but much care must be taken to see that none of our song birds are in danger of being hit. One other method is that of trapping with box traps. These are covered with a fine wire netting. They are so arranged that the birds can enter, but cannot escape. Food is placed in the traps for bait.

The English sparrow is good to eat if enough can be had for a meal. In these hard times of depression may be this is a solution for our food problem and will get rid of the pest.

B, C. A. S. Poultry Plant

The month of February will be a busy and interesting one for our crew and incidentally this is our last month with Phil Erbeck, who will be succeeds ed in all probability by Wilfred Vincent in the capacity of foreman. The incubator seems to be working quite well as far as heat goes, but the hatch-, ing ability of our eggs is still a question. The long brooder house is being prepared for chicks and this year will house three new Giant Buckeye Brooders with capacities of 500 chicks each. Production has slacked off somewhat during the past month, because this is a rest period for the pullets. In conclusion. I will say that this month is just the beginning of the real test in poultry raising and we will hope to show the school a good flock of young stock before the end of this term.

Icy Weather Brings Bad Luck To Bristol Youth

John Brown, a Sophomore, fell on the ice February 9, and broke his hip. It will be impossible for him to attend classes for the remainder of the school year.

An Inveterate Smoker

Oft times I have been criticized because I do not smoke. Occasionally I have been a guest at a friend's home and have been conspicuous for having been the only one who did not smoke.

I do not wish in these lines to criticize those who do smoke. I propose to hold to my subject and give some reasons which seem logical to me, why I do not smoke.

1. Every man who is any kind of a business man carefully budgets his enterprise. He aims to "plug all leaks" or in a word to eliminate any sort of item that may prove a liability rather than an asset. Living is a business. To keep these bodies of ours healthy and vigorous is one of the most vital business enterprises conceivable. We cannot afford, as humans, to indulge in anything that may affect in the slightest degi-ee the human machine. Although the immediate effect of tobacco may not be quite as pronounced as that of alcohol, many leading scientists of the day declare the use of tobacco to be detrimental to real health.

The amount of money that the average man spends for cigars would go a long way to pay the milk bill for his children. Is there any question which is more important?

Has anyone ever figured the cost of the cigarette to the nation? What of the value of our forests, thousands of acres of which are destroyed annually by fires caused by motorists tossing butts from machines as they pass through the countryside? Would all the cigarettes in the world bring back or take the place of the seven lives in the one family snuffed out a few years ago in the Lynn disaster, still so fresh in our memories?

I have figured the amount of money I would have by putting aside 10 cents per day for a home. IVIany men who smoke considerably agree that they spend at least this amount a day for smokes.

The average young man begins to smoke in his teens. By saving ten cents daily instead he would have paid for a comfortable home long before he be-, came fifty years old and still have a long time to enjoy it.

If he chose not to invest in a home he would have a tidy sum ample to care for him in his old age instead of relying upon relatives, the old age pension or other charitable institution.

thought so much of this motto that he caused it to appear on his stationery. I suppose there is no little truth in this statement. If we were simply the masters of our own fates it wouldn't be so bad, but unfortunately we are masters of the fates of generations to follow. What have the unborn children to inherit from some members of the present generation - future mothers and fathers who habitually keep late hours, continually indulge in excessive use of the cigarette and all too often the flask itelf?

If the youth of today must smoke, drink and othei-wise abuse themselves physically, let them at least wait until after their children are born. The sins of the fathers are still visited on the children and the children's children.

Let us see to it that we so care for our health that no weakness or lack of health and happiness in our children shall be a horrible and constant re-, minder of any intemperance in our own lives.

Occasionally I have indulged in a cigarette just to be one of the crowd. Sometimes it is easier to accept than to refuse but due to the foregoing rea^ sons and others I might mention I have not as yet been sold to the use of tobacco.

February

The hatching season is at hand again. Don't neglect your hens because of the rush of chick work. If hens get out of condition, feed moist mash at noon. Use 1 lb. of condensed buttermilk to three pounds of germinated oats.

If you don't hatch your own chicks you should have already ordered your chicks. If you haven't done so, do it now. If money is scarce, cull out a few nonJaying hens to sell in order to finance the buying of your chicks. The returns will pay well.

It is high time your breeders were mated. Collect your hatching eggs two or three times daily if cold weather prevails. Don't allow them to get chilled. Store them in a clean place where the temperature is not higher than 68 degrees F, nor lower than 45 degrees F. and the air is not too dry.

Demers' Poultry Farm

On January 2, I visited Mr. Demers' farm, and asked to be shown around his poultry plant. He took us first into the garage where his son lives. In the back of his garage he keeps his incuba^ tor. It is a Buckeye all electric, and

There are a number of fellows preparing for the Public Speaking Contest between the Agricultural Departments of Massachusetts. Sure there is the hope then of going to Kansas City in November. Joe Cotrone, Edward Darcy and Walter Farnham made a trip to the Boston Libraries, Saturday, February 13, to obtain material for their talks. Frank Ward and Rudolph Christenson are working on their material. The talks must be original and the subject must be so well in hand that the judges may ask a question and have it answered.

has a capacity of 35,000 eggs. He showed how it was operated. It had two gauges, one for the temperature and one for moisture. He plans to start hatching in February. The plant now' has a flock of 4000 Leghorns.

He started ten years ago with a small poultry house and one dollar in his pocket. Since then he has cleared all of his land, raised all of his birds and this year inventoried $5,100. I consider this very good for a man with his education, as compared with some college graduates. If some of them had their ambition turned into powder they would not have enough to blow the hat off their head. He says that before ten, more years have passed either he or his son will be worth half a million dollars.

He feeds, in litter, a scratch consisting of cracked com, oats and wheat. He uses all commercial feeds. I had thought that commercial feeds were not very good. He showed me that the commercial feeds have an equal amount of protein in them and that there is no variation. In mixing one's own grain the amount of protein varies, thus pro-, ducing a variation in production.

He has twelve brooder houses and one four deck laying house. His pens are thirty-one by twenty with a capacity of two hundred birds in each pen.

He was a most interesting man with whom to talk. He has been through forty-four states in the United States and was the first engineer to drive a locomotive from the Santa Fe trail to Fort Worth, Texas. He has been an engineer, prospector, surveyor, but all of his life he has been interested in poultry. He has visited many poultry farms in the West and says that some of them are fakes. I would like to talk all day with him, because I have been in the West myself. He went to school two days in his life, but he has been learning ever since by working in the different trades of life.

Ten Years

According to the Federal Census there were 296,819 chickens raised in Bristol County in 1919 and 696,147 in 1929 or more than 100% increase in the ten years.

Egg production increased just under 100% from 1,364,931 dozen to 2,- 517,975 dozen. Even with this increased production Bristol County produces only about 40% of the eggs consumed in the county. More than 3,680,000 dozen are purchased each year from outside the county.

Bristol County leads all the counties of the State both in the production of turkeys and ducks. Bristol County produced more than 15,000 of the 61,000 turkeys raised in Massachusetts in 1929. Middlesex County was second with about 9,000 and Plymouth County third with 7,500.

Bristol County produced 236,983 out of 525,170 ducks produced in Massachusetts in 1929. Plymouth County was second with 74,710 and Worcester County third with 52,180.

Your Money'S Worth In Fertilizer

Fertilizers are relatively cheap and even with the low prices of farm products it is good economy to use fertilizers liberally. There is, however, a vast difference in the relative value of many of the fertilizers being sold. Some of our farmers are getting full value in the fertilizing materials they purchase while others are paying the same price and getting practically nothing for their money.

Stone Meal is a good example of this latter group of materials. This material is being sold for about $35.00 per ton and has a commercial plant food valuation, according to our State Experiment Station, of 79 cents per ton.

County Fruit Day

The Seventh Annual Spring Fruit Day will be held at the Bristol County Agricultural School Thursday, March 24th, from 10.30 A. M. to 3.30 P. M. There will be cafeteria lunch at the School Dining Hall at 12.30 P. M.

The main theme of the program will be "Ways and Means of Increasing Profits in Orcharding and Small Fruits". The revised spray program for 1932 will be discussed and the 1932 Spray Charts will be distributed.

The speakers will include Dr. O. C. Boyd and Prof. R. A. Van Meter of the Massachusetts State College and Mr. Lester F. Allen of Fall River. Mr. Allen has for the past two years had an apple crop more than 95% clean.

County Dairy Day

The Annual Spring County Dairy Day will be held at the Bristol County Agricultural School Thursday, March 17th, from 10.30 A. M. to 3.30 P. M. The meeting this year will be under the auspices of the Bristol County Dairymen's Association in co-operation with the local associations in the county. Every dairyman interested in the future of the dairy industry in Bristol County is urged to attend this meeting.

Crop Production Loans

The County Extension Service has re^ ceived word that a limited amount of the $50,000,000.00 provided for crop loans under the reconstruction finance corporation act, will be available for Bristol County.

The plan as suggested calls for a county committee of three to pass on requests for these loans and the loans are to be secured by a crop mortgage. It is suggested that this committee include one banker, one farmer and the County Agent.

for which it may be loaned are definitely limited. The maximum amount any farmer can borrow is $400.00 and the rate of interest is 5 % % . Loans will be made only to those who were engaged in farming in 1931. Loans are limited to $25.00 per acre on orchards, $20.00 per acre on truck crops including potatoes and $6.00 per acre on other crops.

Eggs And Poultry Receipts On Boston Market

The bulk of eggs consumed in Boston come from the iniddle wcstcin states with Iowa as the leading shipper. In 1930, Iowa shipped 271,524 cases of eggs onto the Boston Market. The six next states in the order of their shipment of eggs onto the Boston Market are: Minnesota, Kansas, Illinois, Nebraska, Indiana, and Missouri. These seven states supply Boston with about 80 % of her eggs. While some eggs are shipped in to Boston from the Pacific coast and a few come from Hong Kong, such eggs are relatively unimportant. Neither are frozen or dried eggs any important factor on the Boston Market. There were more than five times as many frozen and dried eggs shipped to Boston in 1927 than there were in 1930. According to available records less than 8% of the total 1930 Boston receipts of eggs were produced in New England.

Receipts of eggs from the middle west have gradually decreased since 1923. There has been some increase in shipments of Pacific ccast eggs during th.s period. The State of Maine supplies more eggs for Boston than does the whole Pacific coast.

While Stone Meal represents the extreme in low value per fertilizer dollar there are, on the market, a number of fertilizer mixtures and ingredients for which the farmer pays much more than their real value.

The manufacturers of some of these products claim that their particular brand has some unusual properties which greatly enhances its value. Many of these claims are absurd or at least greatly exaggerated.

Fertilizer authorities evaluate fertilizers on the per unit cost of available nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. There is a vast difference in these per unit costs of plant food in the various fertilizing materials being offered this spring. It is possible, for instance, to purchase nitrogen in some materials as low as eight cents a pound or you can pay 35 to 40 cents per pound for nitrogen of exactly equal value.

In general nitrogen in organic form costs from two to three times as much as the nitrogen in most of the inorganic forms. The organic nitrogen must change into inorganic form before it is available as a plant food. In general cropping there is little excuse today for using organic nitrogen in commercial fertilizers. The organic materials have some slight value as fertilizer conditioners, but are all together too expen^ sive for such use. An equally good conditioner can be purchased for 10% of what the average organic materials cost.

With the present narrow margin of profit in growing crops it pays us to make our fertilizer dollars stretch as far as possible. If you want to know real fertilizer values secure Bulletin No. 60, "Inspection of Commercial Fertilizers", from the Massachusetts Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass.

Ten Highest Herds In

Eighty-five percent of the poultry of the country are produced in farm flocks of less than 500 birds each. On these farms poultry is a side line. The money income from the poultry industry in the country as a whole, however, amounts to more than one billion dollars a year - 61% of this income is from eggs and 39 % from sale of poultry.

Egg consumption per capita in the United States has more than doubled since 1880. The production of eggs in the middle West fluctuates much more than in the east. In April and May the middle west produces more than five times as many eggs as she produces in November and December. The east, however, produces only about 2% times as many eggs in April and May as she produces in November and December.

It seems as though the future of our local poultry industry depended very largely on building up a local demand for a quality product and getting as close to the consumer- as possible.

One of our local poultrymen came into the office this morning, March 3rd, and told us that he was marketing about 300 dozen of eggs per week in Boston and was getting 45 cents per dozen.

Eggs And Poultry Receipts

were bought by people of very moderate circumstances and a considerable portion of them by poorly paid working people. This man is getting sixty dollars more per week for his eggs than he would receive wholesale. Incidentally he is able to market much of his dressed poultry at retail prices. In other words this poultryman is getting at least thirty dollars a day for his ovsm time and the use of his trucks in marketing his products.

With the best markets in the world at our very door isn't there an opportunity for more of our poultrymen to get closer to the consumer either through direct selling or at least identification of their products so that the consumer will become acquainted with their products?

They are apt to have some contagious or infectious disease which may spread through the flock. If the poultry owner tries to treat sick birds, he may carry a disease to healthy birds through handling or feeding.

Stretching The Food Dollar

Are your food dollars too few? Each dollar has more cents in it than for a long time past in the matter of the amount it will buy, but are there too few dollars nowadays?

When you buy a can of string beans at the store which costs you fifteen cents cash, this is what you pay for: - Cost of beans and can, $ .05

The Extension Service is publishing a series of letters on gardening, nutrition and canning, similar to the series published last year. This series will be sent to you if you will return the enclosed card.

Blanche W. Eames Cleaning Solvent

Carbon Tetrachloride is a colorless liquid resembling chloroform chemically, and like the latter is an excellent solvent for oils, greases, and gums. It has been used for years to remove special spots in dry cleaning, but until recently has been too expensive for general cleaning processes. It is now produced on a large scale at a low price and is being substituted for gasoline in many dry-cleaning plants which have closed machines permitting recovery of the solvent. Its greatest advantage is that it is absolutely non-inflammable and non-explosive. The fire hazard in a gasoline dry-cleaning plant is high. In some cases fire insurance rates are four times as great when gasoline is used as when carbon tetrachloride is substituted. At present, it is the lowest priced non-inflammable solvent for fats and gums. The garments cleaned with it are odorless because it is completely volatile. The vapor is somewhat toxic, but less so than either ammonia or benzine vapors; investigations made by the U. S. Public Health Service showed that carbon tetrachloride was less toxic than gasoline for short exposures, but slightly more so when the exposure lasted as long as 60 minutes. The use of closed cleaning systems or adequate ventilation makes the health hazard negligible. The recovered solvent is completely purifled by distillation, a relatively inexpensive procedure.

Eat One Egg Daily For Health

Prepared by May E. Foley, Extension Nutritionist At this time of the year, when eggs are getting plentiful and less expensive, it is well to use them liberally in plann ning meals for the family. They make a very welcome substitute for meat after the winter diet, and may be used either as a main dish or in a variety of desserts.

Eggs are classed as one of the protective foods. They supply many of the substances found in milk. Because of their richness in iron, they are one of the first foods to be added to the diet of the growing child. They are also rich in other minerals, in vitamins and protein. An egg a day for each member of the family at this time of year will be wholesome and not expensive. Only the yolk should be given to the baby under one year.

Eggs, to be easily digested, should be properly prepared. It does not matter if the egg is soft or hard, if it is cooked at a low temperature. For dropped eggs, carefully break into pan of boiling water, cover, and remove from fire. Let stand three to eight minutes, depending upon the consistency wanted. Eggs in the shell may be cooked in the same way. They will need to stay in the water 7 or 8 minutes to soft cook, and 20 minutes to hard cook. Plenty of water is necessary.

Beat eggs well, adding liquid and seasoning. Turn into warm buttered pan. Cook over low flame until brown on the bottom. Cover one half of the omelet with a thin layer of vegetables. Separate the edge of the omelet from the pan with a knife. Turn the half that has no vegetables on it over the top of the other half and remove from the fire.

Beat eggs well without separating. Add milk and salt and beat again. Melt butter in top of double boiler over hot water. Add egg mixture and cook over a very low heat for 20 minutes without stirring. Mere eggs will take a longer time.

often. Add corn and seasonings. Re-. move from heat and cool slightly. Stir in beaten egg yolks. Beat egg whites and fold into the mixture. Pour into a greased baking dish and bake in a moderate oven until firm and brown. Baked Peach Custard Place halves of peaches, fresh or canned, in a buttered baking dish. Put one teaspoon sugar and a bit of butter in each cavity from which pits were removed. Sprinkle with a little nutmeg and pour over the peaches a plain custard mixture. Bake in a moderate oven until firm. Apricots may be substituted for the peaches.

Beat the egg, add other ingredients. Mix thoroughly and pour into a buttered baking dish. Set the dish in a pan of hot water and bake in a slow oven until mixture is firm.

"Some of us have found that it lightens our own little burdens to turn to other people who are bearing heavy burdens and without finding relief.

"If it is not possible to do much, even a little will afford hope and comfort if it be only friendliness and sympathy that we may be able to show." - John Wanamaker.

Junior Club Activities Wins Trip To Washington

Raymond Harrington of North Dart^ mouth, local leader of the "Full-0-Pep" 4-H Poultry Club and an active member himself, was chosen to represent Bristol County at the National 4-H Camp at Washington, in June.

Each year four outstanding club members in Massachusetts are eligible to go to this Camp where boys and girls from the whole country attend. This year Bristol County is one of the four to be represented.

When he returns we will be pleased to hear what he has to say. In a future issue of the Farmers' Bulletin his writeup of the trip will appear.

There will be some expense of travel connected with Raymond's trip to Washington and contributions from any clubs, leaders or club members will be greatly appreciated.

Saturday, April 30th, will be the date of the County Club Round Up Day. This will be held, as usual, at the Bristol County Agricultural School from 10.00 A. M. to 4.00 P. M. The features this year will be a County Dress Contest, a County -wide Handicraft Club Contest, Moving Pictures, speaking by Mr. Farley, State Leader, and outstanding club members from adjourning counties who have won special honors. There will be the usual time alloted to games and songs. You should be planning for it now.

Handicraft Club Notes

Each Handicraft Club in the county should hold an exhibit before the middle of April so that the winners may be selected and be ready to exhibit in the final county contest at the Bristol County Agricultural School on Saturday, April 30th, in connection with the 4-H Round Up Day.

In the club as well as in the countywide contest there will be two classes, one for members who have been in less than one year and another class for those who have been in Handicraft work more than one year. Clubs should arrange with their leader for this exhibit at an early date.

Poultry Club Notes

The winners in the Egg Laying Contest for January are as follows: First, Robert Kennedy, North Dartmouth, with an average egg yield of 25.6 eggs from a flock of 25 Rhode Island Reds; Second was won by William Ortelt of North Rehoboth, with an average egg yield of 20.4 eggs per hen from a flock of 160 birds; Roland Vassar of North Attleboro was Third with 19.9 eggs as an average from a flock of 75 birds.

The following club members received 15 or more eggs per bird for the month: John Perry, Jr., of North Dartmouth; Carlton Cobb and John Cahoon of Fall River; Henry Hadeck, Clinton Tingley, North Attleboro; John Morgan, Carlton Norlund, North Rehoboth; Alfred Doel, Frank Lewis, Taunton; and Emma Stokinger of Easton.

Food Club Notes

The following recipe for Date Nut Bread is to be used in a Scholarship Contest. If you are between the ages of 16 and 21 years, have completed two years of 4-H Club work and would like to know more about the contest write to Miss Dorothy M. Stewart, Segreganset. 11 you are a club member you may like to try the recipe whether or not you are interested in the contest.

Date Nut Bread % cup white flour IVz cup graham flour 4 teaspoon baking powder 1 teaspoon salt 4 tablespoons brown sugar 1 egg 1 cup milk % cup chopped dates % cup chopped nut meats

Dress Contest News

DRESS CONTEST NEWS On February 10 Miss Marion E. Forbes, Assistant State Club Leader, conducted a very interesting and helpful meeting for girls interested in the Dress Contest. This meeting was held at the Taunton Public Library and was well attended.

The following girls and leaders were present: Miss Mildred Ashley, Beatrice Gagnon, Mildred Jack, Ruth Ames, Mildred Crowley, Vera Pittsley, Marianna Dow, and Eleanor Jones of Myricks; Caroline Hodges, Violet Carbishley, of Raynham; Mrs. Louise Gwilliam and Ingrid Stenfeldt of Norton; Mrs. Clara Ashley and Christina Schobel of Rehoboth; Hope Anderson, Dorothy Ryland, Winifred Wood and Norma Colpitt of Berkley; Arita Webster, Esther HalKley, Sophie Bator, Ida Fasolo, Avis Worthington, Felicita Ruseoni, Margaret Rusconi, Marion Doel, Ida Davis, of Taunton.

At this meeting Miss Forbes discussed types of finishes for school dresses, kind of seams to use and suggested types of patterns the girls may use.

A similar meeting was held on Saturday, February 13, at the home of Mary Faber of North Dartmouth, for the girls who were unable to attend the meeting at Taunton. The following girls were present: Mary Faber, Barbara Valadora, Irene Sitchenmayer, Carol Erickson, Elizabeth Goodwin, and Lorraine Paquette.

Forestry Club Notes

In the last issue of the Farmers' Bulletin under this heading it was stated that Allen Sherman was second to Roy Geggatt in the twig identification at the Long Plain School, Acushnet. This was a mistake and should have read Harry Shorrock instead.

As a result of the tree twig identification in the Parting Ways School in Acushnet, Edward Koska won first prize. Norman Sevigny and Edward Tenczar were tied for second place, Ovila Bergeron was third, Chester Stawoury, fourth, and Armel Bouclair, fifth.

At a similar contest in the East Taunton School, where there is a Forestry Club, Mary Booth won first prize. Emil Willette, Annie Turkalo, Roland Booth and Myrtle Johnson were very close to Mary.

Builders Of America

The final plenary meeting of the Builders of America will be held March twenty-fifth at two o'clock, in the School Auditorium. The following committee is in charge: Jack MarciUe, chairman; Edith Perry, Albert Haracz, and Frank Ward, ex-officdo, with Miss Dorothy Steward and Mr. Wayne Philbrook, as advisors.

The program will consist of a series of tableaux on the life of George Washington. The first tableau will depict the youth, as he became familiar with the country of Virginia, as a young sui^ veyor.

The last tableau will represent Washington, the scientific farmer, in the little blacksmith shop on his farm, tempering and hammering into shape an iron plowshare of his own construction.

The River View Bird Club

The Bird Club, which was started at B. C. A. A. the first of February has enlarged very much. At the present time there are twenty-three members.

A different bird is taken up at each meeting and its history and use to the farmer and forest is studied. The topic for the last meeting was the Black Billed Cuchoo, a bird that is worth $100 to the orchardist. It destroys large quantities of tent caterpillars.

Senior Reception Dance

Mr. Pierce was graduated from B. C. A. S. in 1921. Those of us who were privileged to know' him, recall him as a quiet, modest and unassuming student whose character was above reproach.

Several years ago he married Laura Silvia. Mr. and Mrs. Pierce established their own home on Pine Street, not far from the Brick Church. Mr. Pierce had been employed with his father on the George B. Glidden Estate, just west of the school.

Mr. Pierce is survived by Mrs. Pierce and two small children. He is also survived by his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Pierce, of Center Street.

The funeral services were held Thursday, March 3, from the Brick Church. The unusual large number of floral tributes and the fact that the church was filled to capacity was real evidence of the high regard in which Mr. Pierce was held in our community.

That Senior Class Of 1932

REMEMBER US? Peck: Married life is grand. Ventura: Teacher's pet. Leonard: Our slow driver. Redman: The book worm. Perry: Our blushing boy. Perreault: Our future speaker. Chitrin: Melody boy. Tunney: I'll fight anybody. Lemaire: Our smallest boy. Berghman: The fiying "Swede". Johnson : Caution - ^girls ahead. Schobel: Boy, I can dance. Vincent: Second Rip Van Winkle. Blair: Our Cave Man. Hoole: It's brains that count. Harvey: Rabbit "King". Anderson : Always busy. Norcross: I'll never get married. Brightman: Boys, behave yourselves.

More Contest Work

Mr. David Millard left this morning, March 10th, for Massachusetts State College with tw'o Seniors, Manuel Perry and Wilfred Vincent, to participate in a stock and milk judging contest. Rudolph Christenson accompanied the trio, to attend the Annual 'Meeting of Massachusetts Association of Future Farmers of America. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the organization.

Mr. Wayne PhUbrook and Joseph Cotrone left later in the day to attend the Pinal State Prize Speaking Contest for Vocational Agricultural Students, to be held at Hatfield Academy.

High Ambitions

This copy of the news is dedicated to the Seniors of 1932. Graduation approaches and their last few days at Bristol County Agricultural School cause them to realize that to most, the days of school life are over and a life career lies before them. The road may be hard and rough for some; it may be easy for others. Where the path leads they must go. Would that we could look into the future five years hence and see their good works. As a little insight into some of the ambitions of these men we have some words from them.

"It was in 1928 that I entered Bristol County Agricultural School. I was not absolutely certain that my choice was correct but noW there is no doubt in my mind.

Here I have learned the meaning of the influence of example. I am proud to be known as a farmer, and as Jefferson said, 'Let the farmer be forevermore honored in his calling, for they who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God.' "

"Only a few weeks left for good school work, and then it will be all over. I have learned that the less one speaks of his greatness, the more others think of it."

"I started to school at B. C. A. S. in September, 1931, and have found it very interesting and instructive. In a few short weeks class work will be finished, and then it is my intention to begin general farming at home."

"It was only four years ago when I entered 'Good Old Bristol'. It was a high point in my life as I had been looking forward to it from grammar school days. Four years have added a great deal to my knowledge and there is no doubt but that this was the only place for me. For three summers I have been experimenting in different types of farming and now success is my goal.

"The Senior Reception is our last social affair and some of us are making real plans for it, because Mr. Millard says, 'Life's too short.' "

"Four years ago I entered B. C. A. S. It seemed then that there was no future for me, but due to the studies and experiences received at Bristol I know now that I can earn my living in the world. Even in these times of socalled depression the farmers' products still remain the necessities of life." John Tunney.

"As you all know during my four years at B. C. A. S. it has been known that I am not a social man. My advice is to abstain from all social life. K you have a real back bone and want to make a success, take my advice, grit your teeth and plow' right into it.

"I attended West Bridgewater High School three and one-half years before I realized that my education was not fitting me for the life work that I wanted. I entered Bristol in 1929, to become a farmer. I was active in sports and went out for basketball, but my hopes were dashed to pieces when I broke my leg in playing football.

"After three hard and happy years, I have a feeling of sorrow as graduation time approaches. My Ife ambitions for the future will be carried on in the field of dairying."

"I am just a city fellow, who four years ago decided to be a farmer. Flowers aWays interested me, so B. C. A. S. seemed to offer the knowledge I wanted. Now my four years are about finished and I must go out and make my place in the world.

My intentions are to work for a time for some florist to gain some specialized knowledge. After that I hope to start in business for myself. Perhaps a home awaits me, and if I ever have any sons they will surely go to B. C. A. S. and have the same opportunities that I have had.

"People have laughed at me for going to a school for farmers, but I hope to prove to them the value of my choice. They will say now that I am just dreaming, but I know that the dream will come through."

"I have attended the Bristol County Agricultural School for four years. The first year we traveled in a Model T Ford and now it is a Model A. I have learned much of the modern methods of farming and I think that I have saved a great deal in money and time by attending school, which otherwise I would have had to learn by trial and error. Dairying seems to be the particular field in Which I am now most interested.

"We are now going through a period of depression and hard times, but when one tries to produce quality products, I believe that there is always a market for them."

"All of my life I have taken a great interest in livestock. I spent two full years in Taunton High School before I realized that B. C. A. S. could give me the exact knowledge that I wanted. We are taught to specialize here in some field of farming. Pets have always been a hobby to me and now I have a large collection of different ones. General farming seems to be my future career, with this I expect to continue my liking for pets. Everyone will always be welcome at my farm."

"I entered B. C. A. S. in 1929. My first aim was to get my letters, and in my sophomore year I succeeded. I have enjoyed school politics and have had my share of offices since I have been here.

"As a member of the graduating class of 1932 I wish to express my gratitude to B. C. A. S. for the value received during the past four years.

"In 1928 I started in with the rest, as a dumb freshman, buf through the patient and intelligible help of our instructors I have learned and increased my knowledge in preparation for my future. Poultry has been my greatest interest along with fruit growing and some day I expect to be a successful farmer."

"I entered B. C. A. S. in 1929 and at the end of the first year I worked out my project on the school poultry plant. Since then I have enjoyed the experience of fruit raising and dairying.

The good works of the rest of the Seniors will tell in years to come, the value which they have derived from the years spent at "Good Old Bristol". We regret that we did not get a note from all of them.

Outlook For Southern New

Prepared by the Extension Economists in Farm Management and Agricultural Economics at the Massachusetts State College following County Meetings called by the County Agents for the purpose of Considering Ways and Means of Meeting the Situation.

Price declines and changed price relationships during the past tWo years together with the outlook for little, if any, increase in the price level for several years make it necessary for the farmer to consider several readjustments in his farm economy. The situation in New England is not nearly so severe as in many parts of the country because of our nearness to market and consequfat low distribution costs but even here farm prices have dropped more than city prices and prices of the things farmers sell have dropped more than prices of the things he buys.

Prices of most purchased foods have not declined in proportion to the drop in farm incomes. Many New England farmers can, therefore, well adopt a policy of greater self-sufficiency than usual. This will mean greater dependence on foods raised on the farm and, where available, on fuel cut on the farm.

Purchased grain continues to be the major item of cash expense in milk production. While a decrease in the amount of grain fed to a point of decreasing production per cow is not to be generally recommended, a greater use of home grown roughages should be considered by many New England

No reduction in the amount of grain fed to poultry is recommended, but poultrymen can well give attention to producing more green feed in the form of cabbage, mangels, etc., on the farms where land is available.

A high annual milk production per cow and a high egg production per hen will be more important than ever in helping to lower costs in livestock pro^ duction. High production yields can best be gotten by culling out cows or hens with low production ability and feeding the remaming numbers well. "Keeping the best and feeding them better" could well be the slogan of dairymen and poultrymen for the next few years.

Since cow prices move in rather definite cycles of 15 or 16 years and the position of this cycle indicates declining prices for 2 or 3 years more, there is nothing to be gained by holding low producing cows with the expectation of their selling for higher pi-ices. Poor cows should therefore be culled out at once and sold for what they may bring, in order to save the time, feed and other expense in caring for them.

With cow prices declining, there is less than the usual margin of advantage in purchasing high priced young cows and some justification for the present practice of using older cow's a little longer in order to reduce inventory losses. Nothing will be gained however by holding cows that cannot show a profit over feed costs at present prices.

Good crop yields for the crop farmer are just as important in reducing production costs as are good livestock records to the livestockman. Costs per bushel or per ton usually decrease as yields per acre increase. Good crop yields are therefore important in the present plan for economy. Since fertilizer is relatively cheap, rather liberal use of it should pay well when applied to good land. It is a poor time to experiment with fertilizers and is probably best to scicK to proven practices. However, some forms of fertilizer, particularly among the nitrogen carriers, furnish plant food at lower cost this year than others. Fertilizer formulas and prices should therefore be carefully studied and in general those used which furnish plant food at lowest cost.

The use of purchased fertilizer on marginal land is probably poor economy. Just as we cull our livestock, so might we cull our crop acres; putting the poorer land and distant fields into pasture and perhaps, even devoting the poorest land to the growth of trees.

During the recent price declines, prices of separate feeds and fertilizers dropped faster than did prices of ready mixed foods. For this reason the present cost of many ready mixed feeds and fertilizers shows far more than the usual margin of difference over the combined cost of the separate ingredients going into those mixtures. In other words, the buyer of ready mixed goods IS paying dearly at the present time for the mixing.

Under these circumstances considerable saving should be affected through home mixing of feeds and fertilizers. What is perhaps even better than this is to buy the separate ingredients for approved formulas from local dealers and hire them to do the mixing. Some local dealers are installing mechanical mixers and others will install them as their trade demands this service. Approved formulas for both feeds and fertilizer mixtures can be obtained from the County Extension Services.

During a time of falling prices wholesale prices drop faster than do retail prices. For this reason farmers will find more than the usual advantage from buying feeds and fertilizers in quantity and at wholesale prices. This sort of buying usually requires cash settlement. If the cash is not available the bank is the place to borrow it. It is the business of banks to sell credit and it is cheaper to buy credit there than from fertilizer or feed dealers. The discounts allowed with quantity buying at cash prices are usually sufficient to allow considerable saving paying a bank the usual rate of interest for the use of the money borrowed.

Buying through cot-operative associations will also enable fanners to take advantage of lower wholesale prices. (Continued on Page 2, Col. 1)

The present emergency calls for cutting down cash expenses and keeping out of debt. Both long and short time investments should be considered carefully before making them. Farm machinery and equipment are still relatively high. Wages of union labor are higher in comparison than machinery but building materials have dropped more than labor or machinery.

In making investments one should consider the commodities entering into them in reference to the general price level and to the abnormal depreciation that may have to be v(?ritten off if they are made now. Things that are far above their prewar cost are expensive and have fair chance of being cheaper, though the rate of decrease may be slow.

If one can do the work with regular farm labor or hire a carpenter at a rate consistent with farm wages the present is probably a good time for making improvements and new buildings. These may be doubtful economies for the farmer, however, if carpenters have to be hired at union wage rates. This is especially true if such improvements on buildings are being made on borrowed capital.

If a farm implement can be repaired and made to go another year or two, some saving can be effected by using it. If, hovs^ever, the use of such an implement endangers good crop production, its use would be poor economy. Thorough spraying of potatoes, for example, is essential in most years for a good yield. It would be poor economy therefore, to use a worn out sprayer which might be rigged up to go another year in spite of the fact that machinery costs are still high but may be lower.

Farm wage rates have not shared equal reduction in all sections and on all farms within a section. Where farm v/age rates are still high, investment in machinery or equipment to save labor even at present prices of machinery should prove profitable.

General expansion in agricultural production is not recommended. There may be individual cases, however, where expansion is advisable. If a dairy farmer, for instance, in order to get good help has to hire a man on a year round basis and has only work enough to employ such a man during the crop season, it would probably be advisable for such a farmer to expand his business up to the point that would justify hiring the full time man.

Expansion is also justifiable in the case of some crop farmers. Suppose a potato grower has invested in potato machinery and finds that he needs to grow 15 to 20 acres of potatoes to carry the overhead on his investment but is growing only 10 acres of potatoes. Expansion in his case would probably result in decreased cost of production and added income.

Ten Highest Herds In Butterfat Production

Expansion at the present time can best be considered from the standpoint of making labor more efficient and in reducing overhead. In general it is probably not advisable but there are individual cases where expansion of business is needed now more than ever in order to reduce production costs.

In a period of deflation labor becomes a much more important item in the cost of production. Since Massachusetts' farm wages are still high in comparison to prices received for farm products, making labor efficient by increasing our output per worker is still an important factor in farm economy.

We could well think of our labor accomplishment in terms of pounds of milk per man, dozens of eggs per man, bushels of potatoes per man, etc. Keeping high producing livestock and feeding them well, working good land and fertilizing it as needed, results in good livestock production and good crop yields and will at the same time increase the output per worker.

of machinery and labor saving equipment. Labor saving plans are often more important than machinery, Methods of doing w'ork at the time and in the manner that makes an hour count for the most are of unusual importance. More pounds of milk and more dozens of eggs are required than formerly to hire a man for a day. It is, therefore, particularly important that the farmer who hires labor sees that it is efficient and that his output per worker is high. The farmer's own time is also valuable and even if he hires no labor, he should be no less interested in efficient use of labor.

Wherever farm prices are low in comparison with local retail prices, farmers should consider the possibilities of more direct marketing. Selling directly to stores, house to house pedling, or roadside selling give many New Erbgland farmers an opportunity to get more of the consumer's dollar.

Except where outlets for such products are already established, fancy packs are likely to be less profitable than usual until there is a return of better consumer purchasing power.

Clothing Clinic

A stormy day when the rain blew in sheets against the window panes failed to prevent an enthusiastic group of women from gathering at the Church Home in Long Plain, Acushnet, to hear Mrs. Esther Page's suggestions for making old clothes into new ones.

Thirty-three women presented nineteen problems of clothing renovation for analysis and many others said that their own problems were solved by hearing Mrs. Page's suggestions for someone else.

One of the pleasant features of the day was the very delicious and inexpensive cafeteria lunch served by Mrs. H. C. Leonard and members of the Long Plain Ladies' Aid.

Much enthusiasm was aroused by pepper jam served as relish with the salad and with cheese in sandwiches. Mrs. Surrey sent us the recipe which we are publishing. It will be some months before there will be peppers in the garden to can, but clip this and put it in your recipe book, You will enjoy it!

Better Homes

"There is something alluring about the term "better homes" - something, we like to think, that is typical of American life. It suggests that we have ideals not yet attained, that there is something in the future worth working for, that however comfortable some of our present living quarters may be - however w'ell situated and convenient, well serviced and beautiful - ^there is still a possibility that those of the future may be better, and we know that in this country there are a very great number of mere shelters, undeserving the name homes, that reach out in mute appeal to any passerby who has an adequate idea of what a home should be.

But the meaning of "better homes" is not confined to houses alone, or to houses and their immediate surroundings, or even to houses and their equips ments of modem conveniences and furnishings. That term connotes a better life within the houses - better families, clearer thinking, and more attention to the finer things in life which someone has designated as "literature, art, music, courtesy, and religion."

Sweet Red Pepper Jam

Remove seeds from 12 large peppers and grind fine. Mix with one tablespoon salt and let stand two or more hours. Drain, add one pint vinegar, three cups sugar and boil slowly in shallow dish till thick like jam.

Question And Answer Column

Question: Ought the bones in canned salmon be discarded? Some children I know always eat them. Ought they? Would they get any mineral like lime or any other food value?

Answer: By all means let the children eat the bones, in fact encourage them to. They are almost pure calcium and so tender that they can easily be chewed. And be sure to serve the juice too. It is usually rich in fat and this fat is a very good source of vitamin D, the one found in cod liver oil. Salmon, in common with other salt water fish, is rich in iodine. A cheap grade of salmon is a very economical source of protein since there is no waste.

The 4-H Clothing Club of the Stevens School, Swansea, led by Miss Keardon, held a birthday luncheon on Wednesday, March 16. The club celebrated its third birthday. The decorations were green and white.

The teachers were special guests and the following members were present - - Ida Ormerod, Virginia Raposa, Mary Espinola, Mary Griffin, Hilda Ferreira, Ida Silvia, Mary Arruda, Doris Baker, Louise Fassino, Esther Gardner, Mary Furtado. Emily Gray was unable to be present so her luncheon and favor were packed and taken to her by one of the girls.

Answer: Cooking for a long time completely destroys vitamin C. Cooking for a short time in a small amount of water, which is served with the vegetables, destroys less of this vitamin. But, to be sure we have enough in our diet, we recommend the eating of at least one raw fruit or vegetable every day. Cabbage, orange, and tomato (either cooked or raw) are excellent sources of this vitamin. The other vitamins are not particularly affected by good methods of cooking.

Answer: The normal person may use dark breads and breakfast cereals exclusively, without harm and with great profit. There is, however, an occasional individual with an irritated intestinal condition who must eat no coarse cereals.

Answer: It is particularly important in the making of good blood. Excellent sources are liver, oysters, dried beans, lobster, and molasses. Good sources are bananas, green beans, green peas, nuts, and fish. Apples, apricots, eggs, potatoes, asparagus, and other green vegetables come next in order of amount of copper.

Little Mary was attending her first class in domestic science and was asked to tell briefiy the surest way to keep milk from souring. And Mary, being an exceedingly practical child, gave this recipe - "Leave it in the cow."

County Round Up Day

The County 4-H Club Round Up Day will be held at the Bristol County Agricultural School on Saturday, April 30th. A fine program is being planned. Some of the features are as follows:

The Cotton School and Party Dress Contests - A Handicraft Club Contest, including those who have won in their respective local club exhibits - brief programs recognizing both the Washington Bicentennial and Arbor Day - speaking by the State Club Leader, Mr. George L. Farley and others - Moving pictures - awarding of prizes in dress and handicraft contests and periods for games and songs. The day v^dll be full of good things to do, hear and see. Let's have a large representation from your club present on this one large club occasion of the year.

County Camp In June

The second County 4-H Camp will be held this year as usual at the Scout Camp Noquochoke in Westport, from Monday noon, June 27th, to Friday night, July 1st. This beautiful camp site is ideal for a 4-H Camp.

Plans are underway and very soon possible candidates for Camp will be considered. When the final arrangements are made letters will be sent out to the leaders of the various clubs explaining matters in detail.

The cost of the Camp this year will be a dollar a day, as it was last year. Only club members who have made good records will be considered as candidates for the Camp. The Camp this year may be a little larger than last year and will probably accommodate about 50 in all.

First Annual Dairy Club Day

4-H Dairy club members from eastern Massachusetts are making plans for their first annual round-up on Saturday, May 7, at the Norfolk County Agricultural School at Walpole. More than 50 dairy club boys and girls from the counties of Bristol, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, and Plymouth, are expected to be at the round-up which is hoped will be an annual affair, says Harley A. Leland, Assistant State Club Leader, from the Massachusetts State College, who is in general charge of the program.

club members, demonstrations on cattle judging and preparation of animals for the show ring, sports, games and talks. The order also goes out to bring your own lunch.

All the winter projects except Poultry, which finishes June 1st, will close May 1st, including Clothing, Food, Forestry, Handicraft, Home Craft and Rabbit. The actual work must be finished and the records and stories complete. Exhibits of these clubs must be held during May except in special cases where an exception has been made. Please arrange with your local leader of the County Club Agents for this exhibit.

Garden Club Notes

The gardening season is at hand and club gardens should be under way soon. There are three kinds of garden club projects this year, namely. Vegetable, Flower and Landscape or Home Grounds Improvement.

Vegetable - At least 500 square feet of vegetables in variety. Records of expenses and receipts and story at the end of project. Flower - At least 300 square feet of flowers, any variety. Records of expenses and receipts and story at the end of the project. Landscape - Plant and maintain a flower garden of 150 square feet, a vegetable garden of 300 square feet. Care of lawn about the house and general clean up of the grounds. Write to the Club Agent, Segreganset for this information. The following is a list of the best garden varieties recommended by the Market Garden Field Station at Waltham. (See list). The follovsang varieties of vegetables can be planted now - Peas, Lettuce (plants or seeds), Cabbage plants. Beets, Carrots, Swiss Chard, Onions, and early potatoes.

First, Robert Kennedy, North Dartmouth, with an average egg yield per bird of 22.7; William Ortelt of North Rehoboth was second with an average egg yield of '?0.4, and Henry Hadeck of North Attleboro was third with an average egg yield of 19.2.

Others receiving average of 15 eggs or over are as follows: Ralph Doran, Jr., Leonard Doran, Robert Hawes and Alfred Valladoa of North Dartmouth; Carlton Cobb, Fall River; Lester Ralph, Roland Vassar and William Schaefer of North Attleboro; Carlton Norlund, North Rehoboth; Frank Lewis and Alfred Doel, Taunton, and Francis Soitas. Raynham.

Attleboro. Fifth - Red Rival Club, Taunton. The winning poultry club this year gets a free trip to the Eastern States Exposition this fall. To be winning means to have the highest percent monthly egg record returns, best yields and best management in general. There are still four months to go. Be sure to get your egg records in before the 10th of the month and keep your other records up to date.

Mother And Daughter Tea

The "Industrious Maids" of Attleboro entertained their mothers at a Mother and Daughter Tea on Friday afternoon, March 18. Each girl had some part in the program, either entertaining or preparing refreshments.

The tea was held at the Attleboro League House. The mothers of the girls Were present, also Mrs. Gertrude E. Sweet, President of the League; Miss Harriet Wilmarth, Vice-President; Miss Vivian Powell, local leader, and Miss Sawyer who led the girls in clothing work last year.

The club members are as follows: Eileen Lyons, Janice Vickery, Helen O'Neil, Marjorie Casey, Edwidge Dion, Eva Crannan, Dorothy Smith, Addie Amesbury, Jean Campbell, Stanhope Gray, Margaret Dalton, and Jeanette Young.

The Basketball Season

On March 4, the Basketball Team of B. C. A. S. played its last game of the beason at Walpole, against the Norfolk Aggies. Our team lost both games in a hard played match, but thoroughly enjoyed a dance given in our honor by the home team.

The season just ended was fairly successful, the team winning six games and losing seven. Probably the most outstanding game was that played with the Alumni. Last year, the varsity lost but made up for it this year with a well earned victory, a one-point margin deciding the score.

At the last assembly period, the following players were awarded letters: Capt. Hoole, Berghman, Brune, C. Johnson, Mendoza, Norcross, J. Rogers, and Manager Marcille. Class honors were given W. Vincent, Peck, Tunney, and Redmann, 1932; M. Rogers and Hedges, 1933; A. Vincent, Roberts, Fitzgerald, Haracz, and Snyder, 1934; and John Rogers, 1935.

Graduating Class, 1932 Graduation Exercises

Eighteen diplomas and one certificate were awarded at the graduation of the senior class of the Bristol County Agricultural School, Thursday, March thirty-first. Those receiving diplomas were: Nels Berghman, Vincent P. Blais, Alan B. Brightman, Benjamin Chitrin, Charles W. Harvey, Jr., Cliiford M. Hoole, Clarence O. Johnson, Joel P. Lemaire, Milton F. Leonard, Milton L. Norcross, David R. Peck, Jr., Raymond A. Perreault, Manuel Perry, Robert H. Redmann, Michael Schobel, Jr., John Franklin Tunney, John J. Ventura, and Wilfred H. Vincent. Howard A. Anderson was awarded a certificate.

The program opened with music by the Jenney Trio followed by the invocation by Rev. Joseph Sullivan of St. Peter's Church, Dighton. "Onward Christian Soldiers" was sung by Ijie School Glee Club. Michael Schobel, Jr., gave an address entitled, "The Progress of the American Farmer". The Glee Club sang "Kentucky Babe" and "Winter Song". Charles W. Harvey, Jr., gave an address on "Rabbit Husbandry". Rev. George Truman Carl of the Federated Church of Winchester, N. H., gave an address followed by another selection by the Jenney Trio. The Diplomas were presented by Allen P. Keith, Pi-esident of the, Board of Trustees of the School. I

Class Of 1935 Elects Officers

The class of 1935 held its election and installation of officers for the remaining three years of their work at B. C. A. S. on March twenty-eighth.

It is a custom each year to offer thrift prizes to three members of each class, who have shown exceptional ability in earning, and in good use of their money and in keeping of a good cash book. Mr. Warren L. Ide awarded the prizes to the following: in the Freshman Class - Mitchell Plonka, John Doel and Wojciech Pysz; in the Sophomore Class - Arthur Dumont, Victor Martin, and Henry Urban; in the Junior Class - Manuel Barros, Harvey Smith, and Harold Kaye; in the Senior Class - Wilfred Vincent, Michael Schobel, Jr., and Joel Lemaire.

The Glee Club was led by Norman Bailey, and the Jenney Trio was composed of Miss Charlotte Jenney, violin; Miss Esther Jenney, violincello; and Mrs. William Jenney, piano. The program closed with the singing of the National Anthem and was followed by an informal reception.

River View Bird Club

The club is meeting every Monday night with increasing interest. It is interesting to note the return of the birds this spring, as each meeting night more and more birds have been seen by the members. Work has been started on the migration charts. This will continue until September fifteenth, when a prize will be awarded for the best chart. Robert and William Wilbur and William Coggeshall are carrying on some fine work with bird sanctuaries.

Each week new birds are studied and in order to further the study, the group is planning to make trips into the woods to study the habits through observation. These trips will be taken Sunday afternoons and anyone is welcome to join the hikes.

April Frolic

The social events at B. 0. A. S. for the past school period, have been very well attended. The spring and summer season is now approaching with all of the social functions. Plans are well under way to give you the best that the social life committee can arrange. Watch the social calendar each month as the News comes to you and plan to attend all of the events.

April twenty-second vrill usher in the spring with the "April Frolic". You can't afford to miss this. All of the boys will be back for the first time since school closed. Don't forget the date.

B. C. A. S. News Along The Path Of Washington

The Builders of America held the last meeting of the year on March eighteenth. In the afternoon a large gathering of parents, friends and students gathered in the auditorium to celebrate the bicentennial of George Washington's natal year with readings, music and tableaux.

The meeting was called to order by Frank Ward of the class of 1933, and President of the local organization of the Builders of America. The first tableau was given with a wilderness setting, showing Washington as a young surveyor, the parts being taken by Raymond Brune, with Francis Lyden as his assistant. Joseph Sylvia read the description of the setting.

The second tableau was Washington in army dress with his aides about him. The Characters: Washington, Raymond Brune; Aides, James Woodsum, Thomas Wilcock, Walter Roberts, Frederick Hutchings, all dressed in the buff and blue continental uniforms. Reading by Albert Haracz.

The glee club sang, "God Give Us Men", and the third tableau was "Washington Taking the Oath of Office as President of the United States". The Characters: Washington, Raymond Brune; Chancellor, administering the oath, George Trefethen; bystanders, James Woodsum, Thomas Wilcock, Walter Roberts, Frederick Hutchings.

In the tableau, "Washington in His Home", the part of Martha Washington was taken by Edith Perry, and the Ciustis Children by Corrinne and David Robinson, with Margaret Bolger as reader. Roger Banner played a trombone solo.

The last tableau depicted Washington as a farmer standing at an anvil with a hammer in his hand in a country blacksmith shop, with an old fashioned forge and the horse shoes scattered about the floor. George Lyden was the reader, and Clarence Johnson a slave at the bellows.

The Program Committee consisted of John Marcille, chairman; Edith Perry, Albert Haracz and Frank Ward. The Advisors were Wayne Philbrook and Miss Dorothy M. Stewart. Others who assisted were: Stage Manager, John Marcille; Stage Director, Frank Ward; Property Manager, Rudolph Christensen; Costume Manager, Virginia Ide; Accompanists, Mrs. L. C. Ingalls and Miss Winifred Goodell; Chorus Leader, Norman D. Bailey.

Awarding Of Builders Of America Honors

Following the tableaux on the life of Washington, the Builders of America Honors were awarded to the members. In awarding these honors, it is understood that each individual "is, in large measure", responsible for the building of his own life and "that opportunities are open to" each pupil to "participate in the upbuilding of better home, economic, civic and social life in" each community in which he lives. If it is thought that the pupil is making good advancement in scholarship, thriftiness, civic service, social service or any of the fine arts, then he is given an honor. Surely it is worthwhile to grow in these fields. If exceptional progress is being made, then the honor cum laude :jis granted.

In the Girls' Honor List w'ere: Edith Perry, Virginia Ide, Elizabeth Harrison, Carol Millard, Nina Wilcox. Honor Cum Laude in Fine Arts: Margaret Bolger, Barbara Wyeth, Louise Wyeth. Honor Cum Laude in Economic Service: Rita Synan.

The President, Frank Ward of the Builders of America presented medals for distinguished service in the community to Superintendent Norman D. Bailey of North Dighton and Mrs. Mary Standish Perry of Segreganset.

Records And Honors

An exceptionally fine attendance record has prevailed among the students during the past seven months of school. Following is a list of all, who have a perfect record of attendance without any tardiness: Gerald DeCosta, Arnold Hebert, Wojciech Pysz, Joseph Souza, John Andrew, Walter Famum, Walter Fitzgerald, Mason Smith, Roger Philbrook.

The cards have gone out to the students with the last marks for the class year. It has been decided by the faculty that an honor list will be posted every two months when the marks are made up. There will be three grades of honors, the honor magna cum laude for any one who has a perfect record of all A's, honor cum laude for those who have one-half or more of their marks A's, and the honor list of those who have everything above B.

The honor list for the past two months follows: Seniors - - Clifford Hoole, Nels Berghman; Juniors - Roger Philbrook, Harvey Smith, Raymond Brune; Sophomores - Frank Brown, Victor Martin; Freshmen - Roland Blais, George Lyden, John Shorrock, Joseph Souza, Thomas Wilcock.

The Honor Cum Laude: Seniors - Benjamin Chitrin, Joel Lemaire; Juniors - -Wilfred Kaye; Sophomores - Rudolph Christensen, Salvatore Ciaburri, George Trefethen ; Freshmen - Arnold Hebert, Wojciech Pysz, Philip Therrien. There were no magna cum laude honors this time, although one student had as many as seven A's.

Saddle Horses

Four saddle horses have been kept at the school this winter to be used by the students, faculty and friends of the community. An increasing amount of interest has been shown in riding this season. Riding parties are planned, either within the school or among the other adherents of the sport, evenings and week-ends. Chatterbox, Peggy and Spot will be at the barns for some time yet and they need exercise. You are always welcome to come and ride at any time.

Last month a reader of the "News" noticed the list of graduates. As a result an offer was extended to anyone interested. Does the "News" have a value?

Farmers' Bulletin Cutting The Feed Bill

There is considerable evidence to show that a good fertilized pasture materially cuts the dairy feed bill. Mr. L. A. Boyden, manager of the Producers' Dairy Company at South Easton, figured that his rotation pasture saved about one thousand dollars on his feed bill last year.

Incidentally it saves a lot of hard labor if the cows harvest their own feed. If the pasture or mowing is fertilized early in the spring with a complete fertilizer high in nitrogen it will produce feed much earlier in the season than will the unfertilized pasture. The grass will also have a much higher protein content.

Three hundred pounds per acre of a 6-6-6 fertilizer will give good results on most pasture land that has a good sod. If .you are fortunate in having two or three good pasture lots it will pay good dividends to fertilize the plots at different periods and rotate the cows from one lot to the other. For instance, if one plot was fertilized early in April another early in May and the third early In June it will keep the good feed coming along for a longer period of time. It might also pay to use a quick acting nitrogen fertilizer on at least one of the plots about September 1st, to help out with the fall feed.

Apple Spray Program

There are a large number of insect pests and plant diseases but there are only three of the insect pests and one of the diseases that seem to be at all difficult to control.

Apple scab is the disease which gives the most trouble. Even the apples in well sprayed orchards last year showed more than 20% infection although some of our best orchardists had less than 5 % of their apples showing scab. There are three sprays which are important in controlling scab. These are the prepink, the pink and the calyx sprays. The material recommended is liquid lime sulfur, 1 gal. to 50 gals, of water, or dry lime sulfur 4 lbs. to 50 gals, of water.

Junior High School Poultry Pasture Not Yard

The range for rearing chickens should be considered as pasture rather than yard. In addition to out-of-doors and exercise it ought to provide green feed and a chance for the birds to scatter away from the roosting quarters and from each other. Congestion is the bugbear of poultry keeping, and yet it is almost a universal tendency to overstock brooder houses and growing ranges. It is axiomatic that no animal can live long and be healthy in intimate contact with its own body waste. The spread of droppings over a large area tends to prevent pollution and to minimize the dangers of contamination. Surely no more than 250 pullets should be raised to the acre of land.

For many years it has been the practice among commercial poultrymen to brood chicks on clean ranges each season. Ordinarily a three or four year rotation is used so that colony houses or range shelters are only on one location one year out of three or four, in the meanwhile the land being ploWed and reseeded.

In recent years some change has taken place in this practice. Many poultrymen are now rotating sod ranges without re-seeding. It is probably good practice but can be greatly improved by proper fertilization and mowing to keep the grass from going to seed. A good range is an aid to poultry health. (Continued on page 2, column 1)

Four Factors Essential For Clean Milk Production

Prof. J. H. Frandsen, head of the dairy department of the Massachusetts State College, gives four factors as essential for clean milk production. Sterilized utensils, clean cov/s with clean udders, small top milk pails and some means of cooling milk quickly and holding it at a temperature below 50 degrees. He thinks that quick cooling is the most important of all.

In studies conducted at the State College it was found that in a concrete tank 166 lbs. of ice were required every day to keep the temperature of the water down to 40 degrees. In a concrete tank, which was insulated with three inches of cork, the same temperature was maintained with only 58 lbs. of ice. The saving on ice would in a single season more than pay for the cost of insulating the tank.

Another series of studies were made cooling milk from a temperature of 90 degrees down to 45 degrees, comparing the efficiency and the cost of ice and electric refrigeration. The State College men found that with room temperature at 84 degrees using electric refrigeration it required 1.2 kilowatt hours for each 100 lbs. of milk that were cooled, while 40 lbs. of ice were required to produce the same change.

It would seem from this study that the determining factor in selecting ice or electric refrigeration would be the relative cost of ice and electricity. If electricity costs the farmer five cents per kilowatt hour the cost in the above instance would be six cents. If the ice cost four dollars per ton the ice would cost eight cents. If the ice costs only two dollars per ton the ice cost in the above instance would be four cents.

Of course the labor cost is much less with the electric refrigeration. The investment is perhaps somewhat more with electric refrigeration although the cost of maintaining an ice house is quite an item over the years.

Poultry Pasture

(Continued from page 1, column 2) If clean and not overstocked, it protects against those intestinal infestations commonly caused by polluted ground; if in sod, it provides green feed in an economical manner.

To commercial poultrymen, plowing, fitting and re-seeding ranges is an unwelcome and expensive task because of the lack of equipment and difficulty in disposing of hay. On the general farm where crops are being rotated it is good practice and should be continued.

A pasture turf makes ideal chicken range. It differs from a newly seeded mowing sod in that it is tougher, thicker, and made up of more permanent grasses. Such a turf may be developed in a few years on land that is not too light and dry by fertilizing to supplement poultry droppings and by either pasturing or mowing to keep the grass from going to seed. Three or four hundred pounds to the acre of a 4-8-4 or its equivalent in double strength, ready mixed fertilizer, is a good investment. When pullets are housed early, it may be put on in late August or September; otherwise it should be applied in early April. The bare areas around brooder houses or shelters require re-seeding. Plowing is not necessary. The grass seed including clover may be raked in. These bare spots as well as old sods showing some moss may also be benefited by the application of lime at the rate of about one ton per acre.

In brief, the development and maintenance of good pasture ranges for chickens require the use of relatively good soil, adequately fertilized to supplement the nitrogen from droppings. The grass should not be allowed to go to seed, and thus fulfill its mission in life, but should be kept coming by mowing before it reaches maturity. Furthermore, such ranges must not be over-stocked (250 pullets to the acre are enough) , shelters should be well distributed and feed hoppers moved frequently to prevent bare spots.

Before brooder houses are moved to the brooding range they should first be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected so as to not bring with them contamination from the previous season. Cleaning needs be done with some care because it is difficult to thoroughly disinfect a house that has not first been made clean. This means that the fixtures should be removed, the filth shoveled and sw'ept out and finally the floors and lower walls be scrubbed with a solution of lye in hot water; a pound can of lye to the colony brooder house is sufficient. Then, after this cleaning is over and the house is dried, it should be thoroughly sprayed with a three to five per cent solution of one of the so-called "permitted" disinfectants, or covered with white-wash in which a pint of disinfectant has been

Japanese Beetle Quarantine

A very necessary feature of good poultry management consists in isolating growing pullets from old hens. This means that the growing range must be fenced unless the hens are always confined to laying houses and adjoining yards. When the growing range is not too near laying houses, one is less likely to carry on the feet or otherwise, manure and other material which may be contaminated. The basic principles of poultry sanitation are to brood clean chicks in clean houses on clean land so that in the fall clean pullets may be put into laying houses which have been made clean.

We learn to do the hard things and to bear the heavy load, through first learning to do the easy thing and through bearing faithfully the lighter load.

In the long run, men hit only what they aim at. Therefore, though they should fail immediately, they had better aim at something high. - Thoreau.

All of Bristol County is now the area of Japanese Beetle quarantine. The area also includes all of Rhode Island and Connecticut and parts of Plymouth and Hampden Counties, Massachusetts, in addition to parts of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

This quarantine affects nurserymen and to some extent our market gardeners. Permits must be received in order to ship nursery and greenhouse stock and all other plants, sand, soil, earth, peat, compost and manure outside of the quarantined area.

With the market garden crops, green corn and beans in the pod seem to be the only market garden crops for which it is necessary to get a permit to ship outside the quarantined area. Neither of these crops can be shipped outside the quarantined area between June 15 and October 15 without a permit. This means that these crops cannot be shipped to Boston or Worcester without a permit, but may be shipped to Providence or anywhere in the county without such permit.

These permits may be secured from R. S. Clifton, 12 South Market Street, Boston, Mass. Mr. Clifton will have a field inspection made and will issue a permit.

"The American Tree Association announces more than fourteen million George Washington Bicentennial tree plantings have been registered on the national honor roll of the association. The tree planting message has gone around the world, for the American Tree Association has registered several American ambassadors in foreign countries. A tree planter, if he dedicates his trees to the memory of George Washington, reports to the American Tree Association and receives an application blank. All varieties of trees are being used.

In Wisconsin the Federation of Women's Clubs has begun a seven-year project, which will plant 640 acres as a memorial forest for Washington. The Edgewood Club in Rhode Island has a statei-wide project underway and same can be said of the Michigan Federation of Women's Clubs. The call to plant has resulted in highway beautification projects, the beautification of many areas in towns and cities and many town forests.

King Boris III, of Bulgaria, has joined this great tree planting army and marked the bicentennial of the birth of George Washington in 1932 by presenting Henry W. Shoemaker, the American Minister at Sofia, two very rare Balkan varieties of evergreens, one for the legation, the other for the American School near Sofia. These trees have been planted by Minister Shoe-t maker, who is from Pennsylvania, with the help of the legation staff and with Mr. I. Kereofif of the Bulgarian Foreign Office." - Taken from "Horticulture".

Here, too, at B. C. A. S., we have been joining the rest of the World in planting trees in honor of the birth of George Washington. Three Red Oaks were placed in our avenue of oaks on May fourth, by the Forum. This avenue is the double row of oaks running parallel with the railroad. Exercises were held for the occasion. We were fortunate in having our State Extension Forester, Mr. Parmenter, to give the dedication message. He spoke of George Washington as a tree planter, the value of a shade tree, and how trees should be planted.

More and more we notice that people throughout this section of the state are taking a vital interest in beautifying their homes with trees, shrubs and flowers. It is an encouraging move, because as we beautify the home outside

Coming

WHAT? The Annual May Queen Dance. WHEN? May 27, at 8 o'clock P. M. WHERE? At the Bristol County Agricultural School. FEATURE? Crowning of the May Queen.

as well as inside, we become more content with the home and will feel that it is a place to live and not a place to stay. Children will take more interest in the home and when the time comes for them to seek their career they will not turn their backs upon the home with a feeling of relief to be rid of it, but it will be with a heart made tender and bound close to the surroundings Which they helped to develop.

The old brings back the sense of unity with the past and flooding the imagination come pictures of the lives, the homes and the creations of those who lived in the early days of our great country.

As one stands befors desks or fireplaces or family tables of the great leadeis of the past a feeling of humbleness consumes the soul, because here there has been the presence of a great personality who gave us our gems of thought. These people lived and struggled among the rude luxuries of life but to them were bom great thoughts for eternity.

These privileges were for the evening group of the Builders of America on Saturday afternoon. May fourteenth. This group has as its basic purpose the study of the lives of great thinkers, musicians, politicians, industrial leaders, but most of all, idealists. Those men and women, past and present, who embodied in their thoughts and actions great ideals for those whom they touched in life, are brought before the group.

Concord - Nathaniel Hawthorne, Louisa May Alcott, Margaret Sidney, and Ralph Waldo Emerson; - that spot must have held some charm; the atmosphere must have been charged with a great thought provoking something which bi'ought forth "The Scarlet Letter", "Little Men", "Little Women", "The Five Little Peppers and How They Grew", Emerson's Essays", and many others. These old homes all centered together in the same environment blended with the studies of the personages connected with them, was made more real in the minds of all of us. By the rude bridge that arched the flood,