Fulton Township (part 14 of 34)

"The Pioneer Bank. In 1893, the drug business increased as the town grew. Mr. Price then built and moved to the present location. Then the town could support a bank, and he and his daughter, Laura, did banking business on a small scale. As the years rolled by it increased; then a company was formed, with Mr.- Price president. Jaimes Grove, A. B. Lathrop, and T. Stevens, of Toledo, were directors. A new building was built, which is still occupied for the same purpose, in the old drug store lot."

Much of the early school history of Swan Creek Township is told elsewhere. For District No. 1, a frame schoolhouse, probably the first frame schoolhouse in the county, was built in 1839, at a cost of $175.00. In all probability, it was preceded by a log house, such as was the case in the organization of most of the pioneer school districts. A meeting was held in School District No. 1, in September, 1839, in the home of Luther Dodge, to consider ways and means for erecting a frame schoolhouse. Contract was let to James Dean, who undertook to build it for $175. Luther Dodge was district clerk, and David Mills, Robert Fullerton, Luther Dodge, and James Egnew were directors, reads an original document. It appears that Persis Scott received $18 for the first term of teaching, and that in September, 1841, James Egnew, George Curtis, and Thomas S. Sabin were chosen directors. In May, 1844, the directors hired Ruthett Deblin to teach school at $1.50 per week, and the directors at that time were George Curtis, Charles Fairchilds, Reuben Hastings, W. D. Herrick, and Chester Scott. Early teachers were Samuel Durgin, Caroline Wood, Moses Curtis, D. Allen, Lemuel Johnson, M. McCoy, Wm. Lewis, Hartley Clute, M. S. Merrill, and Mary Barrett. Average daily attendance twenty-two males and fifteen females. Branches taught : reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography.

In the '50s there were, apparently ten school districts in Swan Creek, for the election of April, 1852, was held in the schoolhouse of District No. 10. There is, however, data regarding only six of the schools of that time. The registers showed that in 1852 (the winter term), there were 55 scholars in District No. 1; 97 in No. 2 ; 35 in No. 3 ; 48 in No. 4 ; 29 in No. 5 ; and 25 scholars in No. 6 district. Nathaniel Leggett was appointed school director of District No. 5, in February, 1853.

One of those schoolhouses was probably that at which A. Holmes Smith, of Delta, taught in 1852. Lie says that he taught in the Raker School, in Swan Creek Township, in that year, saying that it was a log house situated almost on the line of York and Swan Creek townships, and that he had 45 or 50 pupils, among them the father of Frank H. Reighard, George Reighard, and his brother and sister; the children of three branches of the Raker family; some from the Llampton and McLaughlin families; and the four children of Widow Sally Reighard, LIugh, John, Josh, and Sol, two of whom were cripples. (Two of these boys later saw service in the Civil War).

ship was, probably, from '65 to '85, and two of the most active in school administration were Wm. Jefferson Lutz, and A. Q. Price. They planted sehoolhouses on every four sections. Mr. Lutz was identified with the School Board of Swan Creek for forty years, being president for the greater part of that time; and the school history of Swan Creek Township would not be complete unless some reference were made to Jonathan Hunt, for long a teacher, and one of the most advanced teachers of his time.

In 1887, there were thirteen sehoolhouses, brick or frame, in Swan Creek, and the average yearly attendance was about three hundred pupils. The township schools of today number eleven, to which go about three hundred pupils for a school term of thirty-two weeks. The school property is valued at $7,800. The township school board is made up as follows: R. B. Bloomer, president: C. M. Stine, clerk; Arthur Gingery, H. 0. Wales, Dell Gill, and Sam Zimmerman, directors.

Swanton is a separate school district, and has a fine school, which was built in 1904, at a cost of $30,000 to $35,000, and now attended by about three hundred scholars of elementary grades and by eighty high school students. More has been hereinbefore written regarding this school. The members of the present board are named in the Fulton Township chapter.

The first church society in the township was probably that of the Methodist Episcopal denomination, which is very strong in the township. The Centerville church was probably the first. It has been referred to by Mr. Knight, in his article, earlier in this chapter.

There was early a Union church in the northwestern part of the township, later known as the Viers church. Then, in the western part of the township, a church built by the inhabitants of that part for the general use of all denominations was known as the Raker Union Church. It was dedicated in 1881. In 1886, the United Brethren Society purchased the school building, known as the Union Schoolhouse, on section 31, and adapted it to their needs as a place of worship.

At present there are four churches in Swanton, the Methodist Episcopal, the Catholic, the Missionary, and the Missionary Alliance. The Missionary church is now in the charge of the Rev. E. F. Clauser, and the Missionary Alliance, or Christian Alliance, Church, which was dedicated in 1891, is ministered to by Rev. P. W. Munroe.

The Methodist Episcopal Church was established at Centerville, as has been stated, probably seventy-five years ago. One of the first pastors was Richard Wallace, and Newton Curtis was among the pioneer members. Forty-three years ago, the church building was moved to Swanton, and located on the south side of Main Street. The pastor at that time was the Rev. James Hough tby (or Houghton). Thirty-five years ago a brick church was built, on North Main Street, Rev. B. N. Boardman being pastor. Six years later it was burned to the ground. Rev. M. D. Baumgardner brought about a quick rebuilding, at a cost of $10,000. Ten years ago, when C. N. Davenport was pastor, an addition made to it cost $3,500. The Reverend Davenport, fifteen years ago, built a parsonage at cost of $3,500. Damage to that amount was done to the church building by the recent tornado, the damage being covered by insurance. Rev. Frank Hook is present pastor.

"St. Richard's Catholic Church in the thriving village of Swanton owes its origin to six families of the Catholic faith, who located in Swanton during the '80s. Their spiritual interasts were attended to by the priest who had been assigned to the pastoral charge of St. Mary's Parish, Caragher, whither they journeyed for religious services till the year 1890. In this year a petition was forwarded by them to the dedicated to its sacred purposes by Bishop Gilmour's successor in the Episcopal See of Cleveland, the Philadelphia, Ignatius Hortsmann. . . .

"The church was erected on three lots, fronting on Dodge Street; these lots, as well as two acres close by on Dodge Street, later consecrated for burial purposes, were purchased by the congregation, and deeded to the Bishop of the diocese, who holds the property in fee simple. Around this time, the Rev. John A. Schaffeld succeeded Father McGuire and the decoration of the church continued with unabated vigor 'to completion. Solemn new pastor, and unprecedented activity marked his stay. Swanton still lacked a resident pastor, and Father Ogle set himself to the task of providing a parochial residence for the future pastor. Additional land was purchased, and a handsome and substantial building erected, at the corner of Walnut and Clay streets. The division of the Cleveland diocese had taken place in the meantime, and Bishop Joseph Schrembs, the first Bishop of Toledo, assigned the Rev. John Berthelot to Swanton, assigned to Swanton, as a mission. In a short time, the Rev. John A. Kiebel became the successor of Father Berthelot. The church was again remodeled and considerably enlarged. Scarcely had the work been finished, when the Rev. James Spaulding Elder was named Father Kiebel's successor. The Rev. Thomas A. Kennedy replaced Father Elder as pastor on August 17, 1916, and was succeeded by the Rev. Father Michael A. McFadden, June 10, 1918. The Swanton church has since become self-sustaining, St. Caspar's, Wauseon, having been given parochial status by episcopal ordinance of October 28, 1919.

"On Palm Sunday, March 28, 1920, St. Richard's Church at Swanton, the result of the labors of several successive pastors, was wellnigh demolished by a terrific cyclone. The cyclone struck the church during evening service, at 7 :55 P. M., and lasted about three minutes. Large stained-glass windows were sent flying through the assembled worshippers, furnace chimneys came crashing through the roof ; laths and plastering covered the seats; hail as large as apples fell all round; lightning flashed viciously; rain and darkness intensified human fright; and the church wrenched and twisted, yet remained standing, but wrecked. Joseph Huber, Jr., architect, Toledo, was soon afterwards entrusted with the reconstruction of the church. Bishop Schrembs, of Toledo, visited the stricken parish, and wrote: 'No words of mine could possibly describe the scenes of terror and destruction wrought by the storm. Over twenty of the most substantial families of this oncehanpv settlement lost everything - homes, barns, and cattle.' "

It is an experience through wdflch the church, in common with other departments of the community, has successfully passed. Father McFadden has had good success in Swanton, in earnest work.

The population of Swan Creek Township can be given for the decadal periods from 1870. It then had a population of 1,100 persons; in 1880, the inhabitants numbered 1,526; in 1890, 1,791; in 1900, 2,303 ; in 1910, 2,415, and in 1920, 2,356. These figures include the population of that part of Swanton which is in Swan Creek Township ; and although the population of the township has decreased during the last ten years, the population of Swanton has shown an encouraging growth. The statistics for Swanton has been given in the Fulton Township chapter.

The 1920 figures are subject to correction, being the "Preliminary Announcement of Population" issued from the Bureau of the Census before the recount.

Chapter Xxiii

Much has been written into an earlier chapter regarding the establishment of courts of justice in Fulton county, after it- was erected in 1850; and in the township and county chapters will be found biographical reviews of those of its rasidents who were prominent members of the profession of law, and are now deceased. Also extensive reference has been given, in the biographical volume of this work, to the careers of prominent present members of the legal fraternity of Pulton county. Therefore, the useful purpose of this chapter lies more in the supplying of statistical data than in the furnishing of biographical or formative record; and such a plan is dictated, particularly, by limitations of space.

Section six of the act by which Fulton county was erected in 1850 provided for the attachment of Fulton County to the Thirteenth Judicial District of the State of Ohio, and ordered "the Court of Common Pleas and Supreme Court of the county of Fulton shall be holden in the township of Pike until the permanent seat of justice shall be established within and for the said county." In pursuance of this, and by virture of his power under the state constitution then in effect, the governor of the state named three residents of Fulton county for appointment to associate judgeships of the Common Pleas Court of Fulton County. It is believed that the men named were: Nathaniel Leggett, of Swan Creek Township; John Kendall, of Franklin Township; and A. C. Hough, of Chesterfield Township. However, Nathaniel Leggett had been nominated almost simultaneously for county office also, and he preferred to stand for election to the office of county treasurer than to accept the proffered appointment to the judiciary ; consequently another resident was named by the governor to complete the required number of associate judges. Who the appointee was is not clear in available records. These conflicting records are embodied in Chapter TV of this volume, and they indicate that the man appointed was either S. H. Cately, of Swan Creek, or William E. Parmelee. However, it may be stated, with some confidence, that not one of the men originally appointed by the governor sat in the first session of the Common Pleas Court of the new county. It seems clear that those who were associates of Judge Saddler, in the first term of court were S. H. Cately, William Parmelee, and Abraham Flickinger. Possibly Dr. Kendall joined Nathaniel Leggett, in declining the appointment offered by the governor, their places being taken by S. H. Cately and Wm. E. Parmelee, though not necessarily respectively; and that Abraham E. Flickinger was appointed in place of A. C. Hough, who resigned the judgeship, evidently, before the holding of the first session of court. County records show that Mr. Hough was a candidate for election, and was duly elected to the office of auditor of Fulton county, in October, 1850; and presumably he resigned his judicial appointment either before, or soon after, that election. Other records point to the fact that the first session of court in the new county was not held until the fall of 1850.

That session was held in the log house of Robert A. Howard, in Pike Township, as has been graphically described elsewhere herein. It is noteworthy mainly because it was the original session. As a matter of fact, very little of importance came before that court. Verity states that ''there was little or no business transacted at this court," adding that "in lieu of business, those attending indulged in a game of ball." However, the court organization was then completed, Samuel Durgin being appointed clerk, and J. H. Read, prosecuting attorney. The sheriff was George W. Brown, but it seems that he was not appointed, and had been elected sheriff in the elections of April and October, 1850.

To decide where to place the permanent seat of justice in the new county, a commission composed of three men of other counties of Ohio came into Fulton in April, and after hearing arguments in favor of several small communities of the county decided to establish the county seat at its geographical center. Stakes were driven on that day, and the place was named Ottokee, at, it has been stated, the suggestion of Dresden W. II. Howard. The decision of the "locating commissioners" was submitted to a vote of the people of the county, and at the second polling their decision was upheld by a majority of the voters. Without undue delay, the work of constructing a building, at Ottokee, to serve the purpose of the court, and county administration, was undertaken, and in 1851 the legal processes, and county offices, were transferred to that building, the occasion being marked by appropriate addresses, and memorable festivities. In 1853 a jail was built at Ottokee.

On July 16, 1864, the court house was destroyed by fire, but in 1865 a new courthouse of brick stood upon the site of the old frame building.

With the passing of time, other communities, particularly Delta and Wauseon, became much more important, in point of population and potentialities, than Ottokee. The inaccessibility of the county seat eventually influenced the voters of the county to decide upon the removal of the seat of justice to Wauseon. Many elections were necessary before that became the will of the people, and the deciding election was by no means overwhelmingly in favor of Wauseon. It was secured only after a particularly strenuous effort had been made by its proponents, who distributed much elucidating material throughout the county shortly before election. Even then, it was asked that the people of Wauseon raise, by public subscription, a considerable sum of money, to recompense the county, in part, for the cost that a change of location of the county seat would entail. Wauseon met its pledge promptly, and seemingly without difficulty ; and thus it became certain that as soon as suitable accommodation would be provided the seat of justice would be transferred to it. Elaboration of these happenings will be found on the pages of Chapter IV, and so as not to be tautological this review might end with the statement that since February, 1872, the legal processes of Fulton county have centered in

The County Civil List, i. e., the succession of holders of the county offices of recorder, auditor, commissioner, treasurer, coroner, and surveyor, has been included in Chapter IV ; this chapter, therefore might well be confined to recording of data regarding the judiciary and bar, e. g., to the tabulating of lists of those who have been elevated to the judiciary of the Common Pleas and Probate courts of Fulton county, and also the succession of prosecuting attorneys, clerks of court, and sheriffs.

The Court of Common Pleas. In 1851, the state adopted a new constitution, by which the judicial system was changed, its chief effect upon local procedure being the substitution of a district court for the circuit court. Under the Circuit Court system, the professional circuit jurist would be an itinerant, passing from county to county, and only being obliged to hold one term of court in each county yearly. He would be assisted by two or three local men, of non-professional class, who were appointed to act as his associates at local sessions of court. These associate judges were appointed by the governor of the state, but under the new constitution the associate judgeships were abolished, the state divided into nine judicial common pleas districts, and the judgeships became elective offices.

Thus Fulton county, in 1852, became part of the Third Judicial District, being included in that part which embraced the counties of Mercer, Van Wert, Putnam, Paulding, Defiance, Williams, Henry, and Fulton. So, it remained until 1868, and from that year until 1879, the local subdivision of the Third District covered Paulding, Defiance, part of the Third Judicial District, embraced Fulton, Henry, and Putnam. For such parts, or subdivisions, of a judicial district, the new constitution provided for the election of three judges. Only members of the legal bar were eligible for election, and probate jurisdiction was separated altogether from the scope of the common pleas courts, the terms of which became semi-annual, instead of yearly. The new system provided for the election of three judges in each district, one of whom would hold common pleas court in one or more counties of that judicial district, and the three together would constitute a district court, which would function as a higher court, thus taking the place of the supreme court of the circuit system.

The first three judges of the Third Judicial District, beginning in February, 1852, were Lawrence Hall, Benjamin F. Metcalf, and John H. Palmer, the last-named taking all of the sessions of court in Fulton county during his term of office. Judge Palmer was succeeded in 1857 by Alexander S. Latty, of Defiance, who was re-elected in 1861, in 1866, and in 1871. In 1877, he resigned and was succeeded by Selwyn N. Owen, of Bryan. A change in the subdivision of the Third District, in 1879, necessitated an election, and John J. Moore, of Ottawa, beca/me judge, holding office until 1884. In January, 1885, Walliam H. Handy, of Fulton county, was nominated for the office, and two days later appointed by Governor Hoadley. In the following October, he was elected without opposition, and re-elected in 1888, serving until 1894, when John M. Sheets, of Ottawa, was elevated to the judiciary, in his place. Judge Handy was the first resident of Fulton county to hold a judgeship of the Common Pleas Court under the new constitution. Judge Sheets was succeeded in 1898 by Michael Donnelly, who was re-elected in 1903. Another change in the subdivisions of the Third District brought about the election, in 1904, of John M. Killets, of Bryan, who was succeeded by Charles Edwin Scott. Fred H. Wolf, the present able and respected incumbent, was elected in 1914, and took office in January, 1915.

Another change of constitution abolished the former district system, and latterly each county has been what might be termed a separate district, e. g., each county elects a judge from among its legal fraternity, and that attorney so elevated presides over its court proceedings, but has the privilege, in common with other members of the state judiciary, of sitting in the terms of other courts of the state, by invitation.

Probate Court oe Fulton County. Prior to 1852, probate affairs were within the jurisdiction of the Common Pleas courts, but the new state constitution made provision for the establishment of a probate court in each county. The first to take office as judge of probate in Fulton county was Samuel Gillis. The next was Lucius H. Upham, who by the way was the first practicing attorney to take up permanent residence in the county. Attorney Upham, however, only held the judgeship for about one month, being unseated, S. H. Oately then becoming judge. Oliver LI. Verity succeeded him in 1858, and held the office for twelve years, Caleb M. Keith taking his place in 1870, and continuing as judge until 1879, when Levi W. Brown came into office. He was twice re-elected, and his successor, Adelbert D. Newell took over probate jurisdiction in 1887. He was reelected in 1890, but died a few months before the end of his second term. LI. I,. Moseley was appointed to the office for the unexpired portion of Judge Newell's term. On January 1, 1893, Thomas F. Ham took office. He served until 1900, his successor, Edward E. Williams, being probate judge until 1905. Fred A. Barber, a democrat, was elected by a good majority in 1904, and took office on January 1, 1905. He served as judge of probate for twelve years, being twice re-elected, notwithstanding that the county is strongly republican. In 1916 Allen M. Barber took the probate office; his term expires this year.

Clerks of Court. Samuel Durgin, of Fulton Township, was appointed clerk of the first Common Pleas court held in Fulton county, in 1850; and when, under the constitution of 1851, the office became elective, he was confirmed to it by election. His successors were: 1854, Naaman Merrill; 1861, Harry B. Bayes; 1863, Samuel Durgin; 1866, Truman H. Brown; 1869, Daniel W. Poe; 1872, Albert Deyo; 1878, Albert B. Smith; 1887. James C. King; 1893, H. S. Bassett; 1899, Frank W. Wood; 1905, Ed. Scott; 1910, James C. King; 1914, Davis B. Johnson; 1919, George E. Gorsuch.

Sheriffs. The first sheriff of Fulton county was George B. Brown of Chesterfield Township. He was elected in 1850. His successors have been: 1851, Chas. D. Smith; 1857, Marcus H. Hayes; 1861,

Oscar A. Cobb; 1865, Jacob Huff mire; 1869, Joseph H. Brigham; 1873, Sullivan Johnson; 1877, Joseph H. Brigham; 1879, Harvey L. Aldrich; 1883, Frank T. Blair; 1887, Daniel Dowling; 1889, William J. Connell; 1893, Alfred F. Shaffer; 1897, James L, Shinnabarger; 1901, Henry H. Rittenhouse; 1905, James L. Shinnabarger ; 1908, Fred Grandy; 1912, John B. McQuillan; 1916, William S. Boone. He resigned in June of present year, and John B. McQuillan was appointed to fill the vacancy and is the present incumbent.

*The foregoing conflicts with the information conveyed in "History of Pulton County," by Thomas Mikesell (1905); and the above rendering is shown because of notations made, in handwriting, by J. W. Roseborough, in his own copy of the Mikesell work. The notation read: "Hon. Michael Handy was, I think, elected in 1852, and held the office two terms in succession, but never again. J. W. R., 3. 3. 1906"; again he wrote: "J. W. Roseborough was elected prosecutor in autumn of 1864; took office 1st Monday in 1865; held it until 1st Monday in 1867. Succeeded by O. Waters, until 1869, then Roseborough again in office for two terms, 1869-73 (January)."

Chapter Xxiv Medical History

Fulton county, unlike some pioneer settlements, was a place of sickness, of pestilence and pain, in the days of early settlement. The swamps and damp places bred myriads of mosquitoes, and malarial troubles soon became an almost chronic distress among the pioneer. Whole families, nay whole communities, would be prostrated by ague and fever in the fall of the year, and even the medicines of the pioneer physician would have little effect. The history of almost all the early physicians was alike. They would be "jogging along the trails;" through the forest, almost night and day, seeking to allay the distress among the settlers. Some must have cultivated the habit of sleeping while astride of their ponies ; and few of them had what would nowadays be considered adequate recompense for their self-sacrificing labors.

One of the first physicians to settle in Fulton county was Erastus Lathrop, who settled in the small hamlet which developed a little to the westward of Delta. That probably was in the late '30s. The first frame house in the township was built for him, but both he and his wife died within a few months of their entering into possession of that house, in 1840. Closely following him were Drs. William Ramsey, S. P. Bishop, John A. Wilkins, and John Odell, biographical mention of whom will be found elsewhere. Dr. Ramsey is dead, but Doctors Bishop and Wilkins are still living, although both have transferred their respective practices to their sons.

William Bailey is stated to have been the pioneer physician of Metamora and Amboy Township. He settled about two miles west of Metamora. The first physician to live within the bounds of Metamora, however, was Doctor Pomeroy, who was in it at an early date, and certainly before 1849, when Lewis S. Hackett came. He lived in the only house that then stood west of the creek. He did not however practice many years, and the leading physician of Metamora, and Amboy, in a somewhat later day, but still in its pioneer period, was Dr. C. II. Heffron, who practiced until quite recently. One son is practicing in Metamora now, and another graduated in medicine this spring. Dr. G. F. Frasch, also, was in practice in Metamora for many years, and other physicians were Drs. S. M. Clark, Foster, Tompkins, and Markham.

Dr. Joshua Young was the pioneer physician of Royalton Township. For many years he was alone in that territory. Later, the majority of the physicians centered from Lyons. Of the medical practitioners of Lyons, mention might be made of Ezra B. Mann, H. H. Brown. J. Cunningham, Thomas Blain, G. R. Salisbury, C. C. Wood.

The first physician to take up residence in Gorham Township was Dr. John Kendall, although his son, Dr. Amos Kendall really is more deserving of place as the pioneer physician of Gorham, for the father scarcely had set up in practice in Gorham, in 1839, before deciding to remove into Franklin Township, where he followed his profession for many years. Dr. John Kendall was one of the first associate judges of the Common Pleas Court of Fulton county. His son, Dr. Amos shares with Dr. Joseph Allen the pioneer place, as physician, in Fayette. In the early '50s there was a Doctor Davis at Cottrell's Corners, just beyond Fayette, but he did not remain long in the township. Dr. Van Buskirk was among the early physicians, as was Drs. Turrell. Dr. Estell H. Rorick has been in practice in the township, and has been one of its most skilful and respected physicians, but he has not been regularly in practice, having been called upon to undertake more important state responsibilities. His life is the subject of a special review elsewhere in this work. Other worthy Fayette and Gorham practitioners have been II. R. Van Buskirk, C. B. Herrick, Edson Efnerick, Wm. D. Murphy, J. W. Evers, as well as those now in practice. Doctor Reynolds began to practice in Stryker, and a few years later settled in Fayette. Doctor Patterson has been there for some years, as has Dr. C. E. Hubbard. Doctor Murphy left a few years ago, after practicing for a long time. Drs. L. C. and L. H. S. Backus were well-known Fayette physicians, also; and Doctor Evers, a capable physician, graduate of Rush, was there for quite a number of years.

L. K. Carpenter was the pioneer in German Township. He was of the Thompsonian school. Then came Blaker, Winterstein, Schuetzler, and Murbach. Two sons of Doctor Murbach are now in practice in German Township. Doctor Hubbard, who was a Civil war veteran practiced for many years in German Township, and Dr. G. W. Hartman, now of Wauseon, was for thirteen years in successful practice in that township, removing to Wauseon in 1892. Doctor Coy has been in Archbold a few years, as has Doctor Preston.

Franklin Township records accord the place as pioneer physician to Dr. Ira Smith, who was in the township a year or so before the coming of Dr. John Kendall, in 1840; but just as the pioneer place in Gorham might well be given to Dr. Amos Kendall, because Dr. John Kendall only practiced there for a year or so, so might the premier place in Franklin be accredited to Dr. John Kendall, for he made that township his home, whereas Doctor Smith passed out of the record in a year or so. Doctor Schmidt is of record in the '60s, and later Doctor Wilson came from Stryker, and developed a remarkably wide practice. He died in Archbold.

In Pike Township history must come the record of Dr. William Holland, who settled there in 1843. He was then seventy-six years old, and had practiced in Massachusetts for almost fifty years; yet, it is said that he to some extent practiced in Pike Township, where he settled with his daughter, and son-in-law, Alfred A. Shute. J. W. Roseborough, an observing man. wrote of Doctor Holland as follows:

"Dr. William Holland, a man whom, in his old age, about 1856 or 1857, we saw and connected with, was a large man, not too fleshy; rather tall, dignified; of classical impression; much beyond the average in genial manners and address. He impressed us as a very superior man in point of culture, and knowledge, natural and acquired. We oft, when passing his quiet secluded home, wondered why, and how, it was that he lived in such a retired isolated country."

Another early physician of Pike was Robert A. Moore, and Dr. James S. Richards, known as the "Indian Doctor." Dr. S. B. Finney also had extraordinary success with his medical preparations. His patent medicines sold "at home and abroad, among all nations;" and he became wealthy.

Dover Township was a field in which Dr. Wm. Ramsey was busy in his early years of residence; and others from Delta and Wauseon travelled the trails, or waded through the mud, travelling the roads that seemed to have no bottom. Doctor Blaker was the first physician to take up residence, closely followed by Doctor Herreman, who was in residence as early as 1844. One of the most able physicians of the county was Dr. William Hyde, who practiced for very many years in Dover, centering from Spring Hill. Later he was of Pettisville and Wauseon, where he retired from professional work, finally going to Goshen, Indiana, to live with his son. Dr. Hyde was a remarkable man. He was a graduate of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, of London, England, the graduating requirements of which medical college were, probably, at that time very much more rigid than were those of this country, where medical colleges were few, and in their infancy. And he was a man of strong, bright, yet unusual character. It is said that he would practice medicine for a period, then would concentrate himself upon inventions, which he thought would bring him financial success. Invariably, he would be forced to take up medicine again, because of exhaustion of funds. His inventions brought him no profit, but his practice of medicine brought him an enviable reputation. He, upon his old pony, was a famliar sight in the early settlements and on the highways and byways of Dover Township. It is believed that Doctor Hyde, at least, slept while he rode. He was riding day and night. One of his sons belonged to the bodyguard of Abraham Lincoln, during the President's last days.

Other physicians of Dover were McCann, Gurley, Worden, Delano, Robinson, Schaffer, and Ely. Dr. Estell H. Rorick practiced in Tedrow for some time; Doctor Borden is now a specialist, ophthalmological and otological; and Doctor Campbell, of Wauseon, is a son of Dr. G. P. Campbell who used to practice in Tedrow, and earlier in Ridgeville. Doctor Jewell was a student with Dr. Wm. Hyde, and profited bv that association.

The names of physicians prominent in Swan Creek, and that part of the county are: Bassett, Cosgrove, Lathrop, Brailey, Odell. Bishop, Wilkins, and Ramsey.

The doctors of Wauseon, the county seat, have been many. Doctor Hollister was the pioneer. He took up residence in Wauseon during its first years, when it was literally not much more than "a wagon road through the woods." Dr. N. W. Jewell, who was the first treasurer and second mayor of Wauseon, s^tPed soon after; and Doctor Hyde was also in practice in Wauseon in the '60s; while many of the physicians now practicing in the town have been practitioners for several decades. Doctor Bennett has been in practice for more than forty years in Wauseon; Doctor Miller has made it his centre for twentyfive years, and formerly was in practice in Pettisville, and earlier in Texas; Doctor Lenhart, who is the oldest practitioner of Wauseon, has had an office in the town for more than forty years; and Dr. G. W. Hartman has1 been in the town for almost thirty years, formerly practicing in Archbold. His son, Maj. C. F. Hartman, commander of the American Legion post at Wauseon, graduated in 1909, and practiced in Wauseon until the war came in 1917, when he was one of the first to leave. He saw overseas service, and was recommended for a lieutenant-colonelcy. Returning to civil life, he has resumed practice in Wauseon, and now is president of the Medical Society of Fulton county. Another capable Wauseon physician of meritorious overseas service is Captain Maddox, county chairman of the American Legion. He was in practice in Wauseon for many years prior to the war, and he is again in good practice in the county seat, where he is much respected.

N. W. Jewell, William Ramsey, S. P. Bishop, S. Hubbard, A. J. Murbach, S. F. Worden, William Hyde, and Josiah H. Bennett. There has since always been a medical society in the county, although it was inactive for many years. Fifteen or eighteen years ago its functioning became more active, and as at present constituted, it is an alert organization. Dr. S. P. Bishop was at one time president, and Dr. G. W. Hartman has been president. Their sons, Drs. C. F. Hartman. and Park Bishop, are now president and secretary, respectively.

There is an up-to-date public hospital in Wauseon. It was organized in 1903, by the physicians of Fulton county, and is controlled by the Wauseon Hospital Association. It occupies a commodious brick building, although at times its capacity has been sorely taxed. The first president was Dr. P. J. Lenhart, with Dr. A. J. Murbach, as secretary.

Chapter Xxv Church History

The church history of Fulton county has been extensively reviewed in the appropriate township chapters; indeed, so much of the data gathered has been embodied in those chapters that very little remains that could, without tautology, be included in this general chapter, which will therefore take the character more of a gleaning of miscellaneous unrecorded data than of a comprehensive review, which is unnecessary, and for which there is now no available space.

Methodism. The Rev. N. B. C. Love, who will be remembered by many in Wauseon, and throughout the county, contributed an interesting paper to one of the local papers. It was entitled "Methodist Memories," with a sub-head, "Old-time Camp Meetings, and Old-time Christian Workers." It refers to many of the pioneer itinerant ministers of the Maumee Valley, and should be placed in permanent record. The article begins :

"An old-time camp-meeting was a good institution, in its day. The first Methodist Church in northwestern Ohio was erected in Maumee City in 1837, during the pastorate of the Rev. Orrin Mitchell. This destitution of churches, of sufficient capacity to accommodate the people at the quarterly and other special meetings, was sufficient reason for holding camp meetings.

"Several circuits would unite under a presiding elder, and the circuit preachers. A central and desirable location would be selected. On the day appointed, preachers and laymen for thirty or forty miles around would assemble to prepare the grove, build tents of logs - the largest for the accommodation of the preachers included. This was built shed-fa«hion, the highest part of the roof next to the auditorium, which was composed of logs laid lengthwise, and 'slabs,' or split logs crosswise. The tents were built to enclose this auditorium. Sometimes an acre of ground would be thus enclosed.

"The rostrum, or speaker's stand was in front of, and attached to, the preacher's tent. This stand was a place of honor, and the first time the young circuit preacher found himself seated on the same long bench, with the great men of the church alongside of him, while he looked into the faces of hundreds, and sometimes thousands of people, he experienced, in spite of his humility, a 'swelling of the heart he never would feel again.' This seat of honor was occupied often by the great lights of Methodism.

"Inside the preacher's tent, occupying about one-half of it, was an elevated platform, composed of poles and slabs, which were covered with straw, and on this were clean and comfortable beds. Prominent was the home-made coverlette, woven in odd patterns of red, purple, 'blue, and white. This style of bedspread was very popular among the pioneer mothers. A few other comforts were furnished, such as look-

"Each preacher carried his own wardrobe in his saddle-bags, which were made of leather, and united together, so that they could be carried crosswise on saddle. This old-style double grip-sack often contained a few books for sale, such as the Discipline, Wesley's Christian Perfection and Sermons, Fletcher's Checks, and Baxter's Call. The Bible and Hymn Book were always in there when not in use.

"Many of the pioneer preachers were models of neatness in costume. They never suffered themselves to appear shabby, or unshaven. They wore no beards. Some of them wore their hair somewhat long, on the sides and back of the head, while in front it was cut square, just as the young ladies now wear 'bangs.'

"In all the tents there was morning and evening prayer, not of a perfunctory character, but 'they came from the heart and reached the heart.'

"The camp meeting was not only an opportunity for religious improvement, but social enjoyment. Conversation around the burdened dinner or supper table was sometimes grave and pious ; at other times it took on a more lively character. The older preachers charmed the company with narration of incident and anecdote.

"The writer witnessed scenes of this character, when a boy attending with his parents camp meetings in Fairfield county, Ohio, on Rush Creek, and in Allen county, on Hog Creek. At the latter meeting, a few miles from Lima, Ohio, among the other prominent men was Wesley Brock and James B. Findley. The latter was an excellent conversationalist, and, like most old men whose lives were full of incidents, he was fond of relating them

"The singing was grand and melodious. Judged of, from the French or Italian standpoint, it may have been defective, but there was harmony, sweetness and power in it which, once heard, can never be forgotten. There was generally a precentor, who led, and was chosen because of his knowledge of music, and his power of song of the hymns sung to 'China' and 'Coronation' still linger, and the recollection of them is sweet.

"Sometimes religious fervor ran high, and ecstasy took hold of many of the worshippers. The preachers, as a rule, were careful to guard the people against 'wild-fire,' yet some would go into trances, catalepsy, and for a time apparently lose all consciousness. This was thought to be the result of the special bestowment of Divine Power ....

"Many careless and hardened sinners, suddenly, awakened to a sense of guilt, were often stricken down, and 'powerfully converted,' and, returning to their homes subdued and believing, were as ready to work for the Master as they had been to oppose Him, when they went to the meeting

"Boarding tents at these primitive camp meetings were not needed, as each family brought large quantities of provisions, and 'were given to hospitality.' John Boughman, John Janes, and such men, would have ejected the boarding tent kept for mere gain. Peanut taffy candy, citric acid lemonade stands, would not have been tolerated for a moment bv our pious pioneer fathers and mothers, on a camp ground.

or five feet square, and the same in height. These were placed in various parts of the encampment. Large fires were kept burning in them at night, until 10 to 12 o'clock. The light, at first bright and illuminating, would settle down to a glow of coals before morning. . . .

"The men and women were seated apart, and one of the worst offences was for some rowdy, with or without his girl, to be found on the women's side orator. He undertook to remove a rowdy from the grounds of a camp meeting, when he was struck by him and severely wounded. There were men then, as there are now, who thought it a great thing to disturb a religious meeting. These disturbances were rare, when the country was sparsely settled.

"Among the early camp-meeting preachers of the valley (Maumee) were John Boughman and John Janes. The former was a true evangelist and organizer, and the latter an able debater. He was presiding elder in the valley in 1838 and 1839. He is described as a man of medium height, dark brown hair, and black eyes. By nature, he was a leader of the people. He held camp meetings on Buttonwood Island, in the Maumee. This island is about two miles above Maumee City. There is now about an acre of ground in it, and it is covered with sycamore trees. The water is rapid at the foot of the island,

"Wesley Brock was presiding elder in 1840 and '41. He was a large man, with florid complexion, light blue eyes and hair slightly red. He was cross-eyed. He preached all over the valley, and his

"Thomas Barkdull, Sr., was presiding elder in the valley in 1845 and 1846. His fame is in all old Methodist homes as the eloquent Barkdull. He had great power over an audience, and was deeply

T. N. Barkdull was presiding elder of the Ottokee Circuit, Toledo District, Central Ohio Conference, in the '60s. The records of that circuit from 1863 to 1887 have been available for perusal, by present compiler. The Circuit was until 1884 part of the Toledo District of the Ohio Central Conference, and from 1863 until 1872 was designated the Ottokee Circuit, and embraced many church societies throughout the county; in 1873 it became the Wauseon Circuit; in 1876 it was again called the Ottokee Circuit, and included societies at Ottokee, Spring Hill, Pettisville, Archbold, and Pike Center. In 1879, September, it became known as the Pettisville Circuit, and embraced societies at Pettisville, Spring Hill, Burlington, Archbold, and Ottokee. In August, 1884, it was attached to the Defiance District, and became known as the Archbold Circuit, including Archbold, Burlington, Ottokee, Pettisville, Spring Hill. The records of this circuit have been extensively reviewed in the Dover Township chapter of this volume.

"German Township, in this county, is one of the most populous 1 and wealthy townships of the county. A large portion of the population consists of a class of people called Amish, a branch of the Mennonite Church. They are an industrious, law-abiding, money-making people, and have done much to make the township what it is - one of the finest in the northwest.

"We are pleased to notice within the last few years that these people are becoming animated with a more liberal and active spirit. A few years since, they had no church building, many of them holding that it was wrong to have them. But now they have erected in German Township a very large and commodious house, where we think the largest number of people meet together, for the purpose of worship, to be found in the county. What is still more singular, as it is a still further advance in the right direction, is the fact that they have actually, during the last summer, organized and successfully conducted, a Sabbath school. Many were opposed to this move, at its commencement, but now, after trying it for several months, all are heartily advocating it. This Sabbath school has exerted a wonderful influence for good with both the old and the young of the Amish people. They have at the school a very large and increasing attendance. Rev. Jacob Nofsiger, one of the earliest settlers in the township and county, is the acting superintendent. This year's Sabbath school was commenced as an experiment, and has been a great success. Good order and progress has thus far attended it."

J. W. Roseborough was a life-long Methodist, and throughout his life contributed to local papers and periodicals upon religious, temperance, and political matters, wielding a forceful pen. He appears to have early written upon the Mennonite Church, for in the hands of the compiler, now, is a pamphlet, printed at the Republican Steam Job Office. Wooster, Ohio, in 1864, entitled "A Reply to the Criticisms of J. W. Roseborough, on the work entitled 'The Old Foundation,' by John Holdeman, V. D. M." Mr. Roseborough, however, later in life entertained a very high opinion of the Mennonites, his fellowresidents in German Township.

Catholic. The following is extracted from Houck's "A History of Catholicity, in the Diocese of Cleveland," pages 305-06, Volume I, wherein is a historical review of St. Peter's Church, of Archbold: "Mass was celebrated for the first time at Archbold in 1846, in the house of Francis Fleury by the Rev. Louis de Goesbriand, then stationed at Toledo. In 1850, the Rev. Louis J. Filiere, at that time pastor of St. John's Church, Defiance, organized the Catholic families in and near Archbold, as a mission, and had a small chapel erected about two miles from Archbold, as their place of worship.

"It related that Bishop Rappe, upon the occasion of his episcopal visitation, in 1868, slept in this chapel overnight. The pastor, Father Becker, had been expecting him, but did not know how, or when he would arrive, as it was well-known that he travelled often in a very apostolic manner. The bishop arrived at Archbold station about midnight, and found nobody to welcome him. Seizing his heavy valise, he started toward the chapel, two miles distant. When he arrived there, he found no priest's house near at hand. Thinking, perhaps, that even if he should find one, it would not be as comfortable as the chapel, he concluded to pass the night in the latter. Therefore, quietly raising one of the windows, he entered, and made himself as comfortable as possible under the circumstances. Next morning when Father Becker entered, he was much surprised to find the good bishop ensconced in the confessional, waiting for penitents."

The Catholic society is claimed to have been the first to build a church in German Township. Evidently, that pioneer church is the one above referred to.

Disciples, or Christian, Church. From an article written by Miss Olive Roos, of Wauseon, and formerly of Chesterfield, much information has already been written into church history of the township. She states that the pioneer founders of the Churches of Christ in Fulton county were Moses Ayers, Rev. Benjamin Alton, Rev. L. L. Carpenter, C. J. Blackman, Z. W. Shepherd, and James S. Riddle. One paragraph, not included in any township chapter, reads:

"In the year 1859 there was a move made by the Missionary Society of District No. 2, to do something toward starting a church in Franklin Township, with the result that Brother J. S. Riddle and L. L. Carpenter organized a church of twenty-two members, in that township. Brother Riddle took charge of this church and Sunday school, and remained in charge for twelve years, during which time the membership increased to seventy-five. In March, 1876, he resigned as elder of this church, and on June 11, 1876, he placed his letter of membership with the Spring Hill church."

The Rev. L. L. Carpenter, at one time treasurer of Fulton county, will of course always be considered as the outstanding pioneer of the Churches of the Disciples of Christ in Fulton county, where that sect, or denomination, of religious society is now quite strong.

The compiler of this work has been gratified in being able to gather so much church history of Fulton county, and has not stinted space in the township chapters, where all the information gathered has been given appropriate place.

Source changes here: from A Standard History of Fulton County, Ohio, by Frank H. Reighard, published 1920; 323,737 words in this source stream.

Fulton Chapter, Ogs

Dr. Estevy H. Roricx. It was September 1, 1842, that Dr. Estell H. Rorick of Fayette began his earthly career in Seneca, Michigan. He is a son of William and Phoebe (Bress) Rorick, the father from New Jersey and the mother from York state. The young man was reared on a farm in Lenawee county, and in 1867 he entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor as a student in the medical department there.

The Rorick family history began in Michigan with the coming of William Rorick in 1836, and he owned a great deal of land in Lenawee county. He was in position to give superior educational advantages to his children, and when the Doctor was sixteen years old he attended the Medina, Michigan, academy. He later attended college at Kalamazoo, but lacking funds to continue at the time he engaged in teaching for two years. At Medina young Rorick formed the acquaintance of Doctor Weed, and it was through his influence that the young man decided to study medicine and surgery.

In 1864 the young man joined the staff of Doctor Weed, who was then an army surgeon, and he assisted the surgeon until the end of the Civil war. It was after the close of the war that he entered the medical department of the University of Michigan, and in 1869 he graduated with honor from that institution. Doctor Rorick began the practice of medicine at Spring Hill (Tedrow), but three years later he sold the practice and located at Fayette. He made a financial success of the practice of medicine, and he contributed much to the success of the Fayette College. A student of the college afterward wrote: "Those school days in the Fayette Normal back in the '80s are never to be forgotten," and Doctor Rorick is mentioned with others who helped to establish a school that would be worth while to those who attended it.

Doctor Rorick is identified with many of the business interests of Fayette. Since 1896 he has discontinued the practice of medicine, giving his entire time to business enterprises. He is a stockholder and director in the Farmers State Bank, and he owns considerable real estate in the community.

On August 20, 1868, Doctor Rorick married Mary P. Acker. She was a daughter of George and Minerva (Cottrell) Acker. Like her mother, she is a native of Gorham, while her father came from Lehigh county, Pennsylvania. The Ackers and Cottrells were among the pioneers of Fulton county. The grandparents were George and Lydia (Holbern) Acker,.and Rea and Harriet (Stevens) Cottrell.

The children born to Dr. and Mrs. Rorick are: Clark Chappell, who died at the age of eight years; Georgia Agnes, who died at the age of twenty; and Mabel Acker, who is the wife of F. T. Sullivan, of Fayette. While Doctor Rorick has not been an active politician, when Governor: Willis was elected in Ohio he named him as a member of the state board of administration with authority to manage the state institutions. For nine years he had been superintendent of the Athens State Hospital, and it was here that he displayed executive ability. It was at Athens that the Doctor had his first personal knowledge of the institutional life of Ohio. mie ;

While serving as a member of the state board of administration Doctor Rorick had opportunity of observation, and at his behest wards of the state were sometimes changed from one institution to another. Sometimes a prisoner was transferred to a hospital, and a hospital patient placed in prison - the confinement best adapted to the needs in the case. A newspaper clipping says: "Dr. E. H Rorick has been a friend to the young man, and many a boy owes his success in life to some word of encouragement or a start given him by Doctor Rorick."

While in his young manhood Doctor Rorick stood ready to do anything necessary to help himself along, and when he needed money he worked in a brick yard for it. There were frequent jumping contests and his strong physique enabled him to win, having one time covered forty-one feet and eight inches at two hops and a jump and he won thirty dollars in cash in that way. Many honors have been aceorded Doctor Rorick in connection with the institutional life of Ohio, but a friend sums it all up by saying: "The Doctor Rorick that will longest be remembered is that smiling, cheerful, kind physician who gave lectures on physiology and anatomy to the classes of the old Normal School, who cured the boys and girls of their aches and pains, and broke up some of the worst cases of homesickness. Who inspired them to be something and do some thing in the world. Who with friendly help and kind words piloted the boys and girls who came under his influence, through the dark clouds of discouragement."

Doctor Rorick and his wife came much into contact with the students of Fayette College, and since the "thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts," they will be remembered for many years to come by some of those in whom they manifested a friendly interest. In contrasting present day conditions with the time when he began the practice of medicine, Doctor Rorick says: 'You have only to remember that within this time the fever thermometer came into use. The temperature used to be estimated by the rapidity of the pulse and the touch of the skin. The appearance of the tongue in those days was a great indicator of what was going on internally. A hypodermic syringe was not in use for many years, and the antitoxin and serum treatments had not been thought of in those days.

"Bleeding for penumonia and typhoid fever was still in vogue, but this method of treatment was becoming obsolete, and the fever patient was allowed water and milk to drink. Pneumonia was supnosed to originate alwavs from taking cold. Malaria was a poison floating about causing fever and ague. The mosquito had not yet heen discovered as an agency for the distribution of malaria and fever." The review of such a life covering a long period of years is indeed a revelation.

Some one writing of the man savs: "The great secret of Doctor Rorick's success lies in the fact that he makes no distinction between individuals. He has the same hearty hand-shake, the same warm smile, the same cheerful word for all alike," and when one has spent more than half a century in one community the people know all about him. Quoting again: "There are none who know Doctor Rorick as well as Fayette people. He has never sought other residence and has not often left the town since he first came among us."

Jostan CoLtins Paxson. In looking back to the time when choice was made of a career in which they have become eminently successful, there are many men who are led to marvel at the youthful courage that then inspired them. In every line of useful effort there has always been so much to learn, and so often opportunity has heen obscure and finances insufficient, and without this vitalizing youthful courage ready to meet and overcome difficulties, the result might often been far different. Among the representative professional men of Wauseon are those who have earned their own way 10 success and foremost among these is Josiah Collins Paxson, who is senior member of the prominent law firm of Paxson & Canfield.

Ohio, May 27, 1866. His parents were John and Rebecca (Mason) Paxson. The English ancestors located in the northern part of Delaware. From there in 1845 the father came to Fulton county, going to Buffalo, New York, and whence by boat to Toledo, Ohio. He set up a woodworking shop near West Unity, and is said to have made the first coffin and the first wagon ever built west of Maumee. Later he settled on a farm in Chesterfield township, Fulton county, and there his life closed in December, 1894, a man respected by all who knew him. The mother of Mr. Paxson passed away in 1888. They were the parents of three sons and three daughters. __ Josiah Collins Paxson was reared on his father's farm and assisted in its work during the summers and attended the country schools during the winter seasons. With a definite end in view Mr. Paxson so managed his affairs that he was able to enter the Fayette Normal College, from which he was graduated with credit in 1892, when he entered upon the study of law in the office of M. B. Cottrell at Delta, Ohio, completing his law course in the Ohio Northern Universitv, from which he was graduated in 1897. He immediately entered upon the practice of his profession at Delta, where he continued until 1902, when he came to Wauseon, where he has been engaged in the general practice of law ever since.

In 1890 Mr. Paxson was married to Miss Mary Hallett, who died in November, 1907. She was a daughter of Ephraim and Lydia (Hall) Hallett, of Wauseon. Two children were born to that marriage, Florence and Edwin Lewis. The daughter is the wife -of F. H. Allen, of Toledo, and Mr. and Mrs. Allen have a daughter, Mary. Edwin Lewis Paxson is a yeoman on the United States Steamer Hannibal. He entered the navy in June, 1917, at Cincinnati, after being graduated from the Wauseon High School. From there he was sent to the training station at Newport, Rhode Island, detailed to the Louisiana for further training, sent with the armed guards to Newport News, Virginia, and then went to France on the transport Kentuckian that carried supplies. After the signing of the armistice he was made a yeoman on the battleship Indiana, later being transferred to the Hannibal. His entire record is one of duty well and bravely performed, and it reflects credit upon himself. his familv and his country.

In 1908 Mr. Paxson was married to Mrs. Martha J. Brewer, widow, and daughter of Peter Van Rennsalaer, of Ottawa county, Ohio. Mrs. Paxson died in 1913. In 1915 Mr. Paxson was united in marriage to Mrs. Nellie Bell, a daughter of Ira and Betsey (Duncan) Welsh, of Metamora, Ohio. .

In additoin to attending to an extensive practice, Mr. Paxson is interested to some extent in the cultivation of his farm of seventythree acres. He has long been auite prominent in the political field, and in 1901 was the republican candidate for the office of mayor of Delta. During the progress of the great war he displayed unselfish concern in all movements of a patriotic character, giving his services as a member of the Legal Advisory Board in the selective draft, and working and contributing in all Red Cross and government bond drives. In all that affects the welfare of Wauseon he is sure to take part, and the city has many times profited through his deep interest and sound advice. For eight years he has been a member of the school board at Wauseon.

Aten M. Barser. There are few names that are held in higher esteem in Fulton county than that of Barber, one that for years has been prominent in educational and professional activities, not alone in this but in other sections. Originally of Scotch-Irish stock, its sturdy qualities and intellectual strength developed together on American soil. In New England, in New York, in Michigan and in Ohio descendants of this family have become distinguished. From this strong intellectual family, through marriage, came Louisa Yale, the grandmother of Judge Allen M. Barber, who fills the Probate Bench in Fulton county. She was a granddaughter of Elihu Yale, the founder of Yale College.

Allen M. Barber was born in Gorham township, Fulton county, Ohio, February 9, 1885. His parents were Miles Allen and Bertha (Baker) Barber, the former of whom was born near Syracuse, Onondago county, New York, a son of Cordon T. and Louisa Barber. They moved as pioneers to Morenci, Michigan, later coming to Gorham township, Fulton county. The grandfather was educated in the law and for many years he, his son, and Judge Barber's four uncles were educators of note. Allen M. Barber attended the public schools under very favorable circumstances, later completed the teachers' course in Favette Normal University, and still later a business course in a commercial college at Fort Wayne, Indiana, following which he became deputy under his uncle, Probate Judge Fred A. Barber, until 1916, at Wauseon, when he succeeded his uncle on the bench and on the republican ticket was elected probate judge for a term of four vears. His long association with the business of the office was an excellent preparation, and his performance of his duties has been careful, able and satisfactory. An unusual amount of business, occasioned in part by the general disturbance caused by the great ' war, has come before Judge Barber and has been dispatched with the greatest efficiency. While he devotes the greater part of his time to his work on the bench, he is interested also in the proper cultivation of his model farm of eighty acres.

In 1909 Judge Barber was united in marriage to Miss Sadie Imes, who belongs to an old pioneer family of Fayette that has been of great importance in Fulton county. Her parents were John Q. and Lucretia (Ely) Imes of Favette. Judge and Mrs. Barber have had four children, namely: William Allen, who was born in 1911; Jeannette Grace, born 1912; Harrv Eugene, who died in 1918; and Eugenia Lucille, who was born May 21. 1919. Judge Barber and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics he has always been an uncompromising republican and is an influential factor in party councils in Fulton county. During the great war he cheerfully shouldered many responsibilities and found hours from a busy life to work for patriotic measures as he felt to be his duty. He belongs to Wauseon Lodge. Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and the Knights of Pythias and to various social bodies and benevolent organizations.

T. Ratpu Roginson. Fulton county has some very energetic young men in its public offices, who have brought to the conduct of affairs an enthusiasm which is infectious, and in consequence the records and conduct of these matters are beyond any criticism. One of these alert public officials worthy of special mention is T. Ralph Robinson, county recorder, and one of the representative men of Wauseon. He is ason of Thomas R. and Sarah G. (Worley) Robinson, and was born on a farm near Pettisville, Fulton county, Ohio, on November 7, 1882, coming of Irish and Welsh stock. His ancestors having been generally people of culture and education. On his mother's side were the Van Dykes, too well known to mention ee On his father's side were some of the prominent doctors of

_ After attending the public schools of Pettisville, including the high school course, Mr. Robinson learned the fundamentals of se ness in the college conducted by Vories Brothers, at Indianapolis, Indiana. Subsequently he attended the Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio, during 1907 and 1908, taking the literary course. In the interval he was engaged in farming, and then in 1910 he took a business and literary course at the university at Valparaiso, Indiana.

Returning to his home district, Mr. Robinson was elected township assesor and held that office for four years, and his record in that office was such as to bring him before the public as candidate for that of county recorder in 1916 on the republican ticket. His election following, he located at Wauseon, although he still lives on and manages the home farm at Peterville. In 1911 Mr. Robinson took the civil service examination and received an opportunity as collector of internal revenue at Trenton, Michigan, but declined the appointment. He has always been very active in politics, and is recognized as one of the leading republicans of the county. Mr. Robinson is unmarried.

In his fraternal relations he maintains membership with Fulton Lodge, F. & A. M., and with Wauseon Chapter and Council of the Masonic order, and also with the Wauseon Lodge, K. of P. The First Methodist Church of Wauseon is his religious home. All that Mr. Robinson has he has made through his own efforts. He has always been very ambitious, and although he has reached heights others aspire to in vain, he is not satisfied, but is making plans for advancement in the future, for he knows his own abilities and what he can accomplish if he puts his mind to it. Those who have followed his progress feel proud of their talented young fellow citizen, and judging the future by the light cast by events in the past, there is no doubt but that he will receive a strong support from his constituents if he desires to remain in public life. The country needs just such men as Mr. Robinson, dependable, capable, patriotic, real Americans, whose pride in their country inspires them in making a strong effort to preserve its liberties and put down the foreign radical element which is so undesirable a factor in the United States today.

CLARENCE GEORGE WEBER. It is a well authenticated fact that success comes as the result of legitimate and well applied energy, unflagging determination and perseverance in a course of action when once decided upon. She is never known to bestow her largess upon the indolent and ambitionless, and only those who seek her untiringly are recipients of her blessings. In tracing the history of the influential business man and representative citizen whose name introduces this sketch it is plainly seen that the prosperity which he enjoys has been won by commendable qualities, and it is also his personal worth that has gained for him the high esteem of those who know him. j Clarence George Weber is a native son of Fulton county, Ohio, having been born in German township, on September 28, 1887, and he is the sixth in order of birth of the seven children born to the union of Daniel and Catherine (Fetzer) Weber. The subject's paternal grandfather, Peter Weber, was a native of Germany, where he was reared to manhood, when he came to the United States and settled on a tract of government land in Fulton county, Ohio, and here he devoted himself to the establishment of a home and the rearing of a family. He spent the remainder of his life here engaged in farming and stock raising. His son Daniel, the subject's father, followed in his footsteps and also devoted his life to agricultural pursuits.

Clarence G. Weber attended the common schools and was reared to the life of a farmer, to which he devoted his labors until the completion of his common school education. He then went to Toledo, Ohio, and took a commercial course in the Metropolitan Business College. Returning then to Archbold, Fulton county, he bought a half interest in the Schnetzler Drug Store, the business being run under the firm name of Shibler & Weber for two years. Then, Mr. Shibler's health failing, his interest in the business was purchased by Bert R. Moll, the firm title becoming Weber & Moll. Four years later, in 1918, Mr. Weber bought his partner's interest and has since operated the store alone. He carries a large and well selected stock of drugs, and also accessory lines, such as jewelry, wall paper and paints, as well as conducts a soda fountain. By h's courteous treatment, prompt service and the high quality of his goods, he has gained a fine trade throughout this section of the county and is numbered among the leading merchants of Archbold.

In 1915 Mr. Weber was married to Ida Moll, the daughter of Adam and Fanny (Baumgardner) Moll, of near Archbold. Mr. Weber in 1920 was nominated for the office of township treasurer on independent ticket. Fraternally he is 1» member of West Unity Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and of the Archbold Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is a splendid example of the virile, progressive man who believes in doing well whatever is worth doing at all, observes sound business ethics in his dealings with others and enjoys the esteem of the entire community.

CHartes F. Horrman. The life of Charles F. Hoffman, well known merchant of the town of Archbold. Fulton county, Ohio, has been characterized by industry, honestv and steadfastness of purnose, seldom if ever mistaken in matters of business. He is essentially a man of affairs, careful of his plans and exercising a judicious foresight, for he possesses energy, concentration of purpose and a dis cernment that causes a large degree of success to result from his outlay of labor. He is publie spirited and lends his aid in the furtherance of all movements having for their object the general SEA of the community whose interests he has ever had at

Charles F. Hoffman, who conducts a prosperous dry goods business at Archbold, is a native son of the old Buckeye state. having been born at Nanoleon, Henry county, and is the son of William and Katherine (Wall) Hoffman. He received his educational training in the public schools of Napoleon, graduating from the high school. Then for eight years he engaged in the dry goods business in his native town, after which he became connected with the dry goods store of Brown & Meyerholtz of that city as a salesman, remaining with them for six years. He then went to Bryan, Ohio, and for a year was in charge of the dry goods store of Cronin & Boothman Company. On March 26, 1918, Mr. Hoffman enlisted in the United States Army at Camp Sherman, where he remained for three weeks. He was then sent to Camp Merritt, New Jersey, and a week later he embarked for France. He landed at Brest on June 5, 1918, and was assigned to the Twenty-sixth Division, one of the famous fighting divisions of the American Expeditionary Forces. With this division he took part in the historic battles at Chateau Thierry and the other engagements incident to that drive, and later was at the Argonne Forest. During this period he was a member of Company K of the One Hundred and First Regiment. He took part in the famous St. Mehiel drive, followed by the engagements at Troyon, Verdun and Argonne Forest. He then remained inactive after the Armistice until April 19, 1919. when he went to Brest and embarked for home. Upon reaching the United States he went to Camp Sherman at Chillicothe, Ohio, where he was mustered out on April 28, 1919. He has an honorable war record and received a citation for valor on the field of battle.

On July 19, 1919, Mr. Hoffman came to Archbold and bought the drv goods business of Rupp Brothers, which he has continued to operate to the present time. He carries a large and well selected stock, thoroughly up-to-date, and his dealings with the public have been such as have gained for him the confidence and good will of all who have patronized him. His trade covers a wide range of surrounding country and he is recognized as one of the leading business men of Archbold.

Politically Mr. Hoffman is independent, reserving the mght to cast his vote as his conscience dictates, regardless of party lines. While advancing his individual interests he is not unmindful of his obligations to the community and earnestly supports all measures for the general welfare. Because of his success and his genuine personal qualities he is deservedly popular throughout the locality in which he lives.

EpWARD AND Peter Rupp. Clearly defined purpose and consecutive effort will inevitably result in the attaining of a due measure of success, but in following out the careers of those who have attained - success by their own efforts there comes into view the intrinsic individuality by which such accomplishment is possible. The qualities which have made Edward and Peter Rupp, of Archbold, successful have also brought them the esteem of their fellow men, for their careers have been characterized by well-directed energy, strong determination and honorable methods.

Edward and Peter Rupp, who comprise the well known firm of Rupp Brothers Furniture and Undertaking Company at Archbold. were born on their father's farm near Archbold, and are the sons of Rev. Daniel and Magdalena (Gerber) Rupp. the former of whom was a minister of the Defenseless Mennonite Church in his locality and most highly respected throughout the community. Edward Rupp was born on September 27, 1879, and secured his early education in the common schools of German townshin, which he attended until eighteen vears of age. The remainder of his time was given to the work of the home farm, where he remained until] he had attained his majority. He then bought a half interest in some land near Archbold, and was engaged in farming on his own account for eight years. In 1908 he went to Archbold and bought a third interest in the business which was being conducted under the firm name of Rowe & Rupp. Four years later the Rupp brothers purchased Mr. Rowe's interest in the busines, which since that time has been conducted under the style of Rupp Brothers Furniture and Undertaking Company. In 1909 Edward Rupp entered the Cincinnati College of Embalming, where he took a complete course in that art and was graduated in due time with honors. He has given his special attention to the undertaking phase of their business and has been very successful in everything to which he has applied himself.

In 1909 Edward Rupp was married to Ida Miller, the daughter of Christian P. and Catherine Miller, of near Archbold. To them have been born two children, Catherine Magdeline, aged seven years, and Kenneth Edward, who died in June, 1915, at the age of two months. Politically Mr. Rupp is independent of party ties, but always supports every movement for the advancement of the community's best interests. He is a member of the Defenseless Mennonite Church.

Peter Rupp was born on December 17, 1888, and attended the country schools of his home neighborhood until sixteen years of age, when he entered Goshen College and, later, the Mennonite College, where he prepared himself for the teaching profession. After attending three terms he began teaching in the public schools of Fulton county, being employed for four consecutive terms in the schools of German township and gaining a high standing as a successful pedagogue. He then entered the Fort Wayne Business College, where he took a complete commercial course, and also took a course and graduated in the Cincinnati College of Embalming in view of the fact that he had previously bought an interest in the firm of Rowe & Rupp, which later became, and is still known as, the Rupp Brothers Furniture and Undertaking Company, the reorganization taking place in 1912. They carry a large and well selected stock of highgrade furniture and command a large trade over a wide radius of surrounding territory, and because of their fair dealings, courteous treatment and prompt service they are deservedly popular.

In 1914 Peter Rupp was married to Clara Vonier, the daughter of Christian and Mary (King) Vonier, of near Pettisville, this county. To their union have been born three children, Marguerite May, Evelyn June and Robert Lowell. Politically Mr. Rupp is independent, voting for the men whom he considers best qualified for public office regardless of their political alignments. He is a member of the Defenseless Mennonite Church and stands consistently for all that is best in the community life.

The Rupp brothers are well known throughout Fulton county, where their entire lives have been spent and because of their high personal qualities and their business success they have won the confidence and respect of all who know them. In addition to their business at Archbold they also conduct a branch store at Stryker, Williams county, Ohio, where they command a large trade. Edward also owns a half interest in the Stryker Dry Goods Company, at Stryker, and a quarter interest in the Neuhaser Dry Goods Company at Ridgeville Corners, Ohio, while Peter Rupn is a stockholder in the Hoosier Condensed Milk Company at Bluffton, Indiana.

Joun R. Horrmire. It requires about as much painstaking effort to become a thorough veterinary surgeon as it does a general practitioner of medicine, and a proficient knowledge of the anatomy of the horse is by no means acquired by indolent methods; on the contrary, the man who becomes an expert in this line must spend much painstaking effort in study and research, and be naturally endowed with the necessary qualifications of the successful veterinarian, such as patience, sound judgment, steady nerve, keen observation and honesty of purpose. Dr. John R. Hoffmire, of Archbold, Fulton county, seems to be endowed with such attributes, for, though he is now retired from the active practice of his profession, he enjoys a wide reputation in this particular field of endeavor. This same personal description may also be applied to his son, Dr. Colenzo H. Hoffmire, who is in the active practice and who has exhibited not only professional ability of a high order but has also demonstrated his courage, loyalty and patriotism by a splendid record of efficient service during the recent World war.

John R. Hoffmire, who is descended from sterling old Holland Dutch stock and who is the scion of a family which has long been established in America, was born in Lucas county, Ohio, in 1845. He was born on a farm near Tedrow, which, though now in Fulton county, was then a part of Lucas county. His parents were Marshall P. and Elizabeth (Goodrich) Hoffmire, whose American progenitors had lived in New York State for a number of generations following their arrival in this country in the seventeenth century. They had as a family been connected with the banking business through several generations and attained to considerable importance in their community. Marshall P. Hoffmire came to Ohio and secured a tract of government land, which he cleared and put into cultivation, and there he devoted his life to agricultural pursuits. John R. Hoffmire attended the common schools of his home neighborhood until eleven years of age, when, his father having died at the age of twenty-six years, the son was compelled to devote the greater part of his time thereafter to the operation of the homestead. In 1861, at the outbreak of the Civil war, and when only sixteen years of age, Mr. Hoffmire enlisted as a private in Company E, Sixty-erighth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, at Wauseon. He was sent to Camp Latta, near Napoleon, Ohio, where he remained until January, 1862, when he was sent to Camp Chase, at Columbus, Ohio. Shortly afterward he was sent to the front, his regiment being assigned to General Grant's army, and he took an active part in the historic campaign which included the terrific battles at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Pittsburg Landing and Shiloh. He was then taken ill and in July, 1862, was sent to Camp Denison Hospital. Later he returned home on a discharge furlough and as soon as he had recovered his health sufficiently he re-enlisted on August 15, 1862, at Wauseon, in Company I of the Sixty-seventh Regiment, Ohio Volunteer. Infantry. They were sent to Suffolk, Virginia, where they became a part of the great Army of the Potomac, with which he served until May 10, 1864, when he was seriously injured in the action at Chester Station, which was a part of the great battle of Spottsylvania Courthouse, being shot through both hips. He was sent to David Island Hospital in New York harbor, in June, 1864, remaining there until receiving an honorable discharge on account of disability on March 20, 1865, when he returned home.

identified until 1886, a period of twenty years, when he sold out, and thereafter for a time was engaged in general business matters. He then took up the study of veterinary medicine and engaged in the practice as a veterinarian, in which he demonstrated unusual ability, enjoying a large and profitable practice over a wide range of country until his retirement from the active practice a short time ago.

Politically Doctor Hoffmire gives his earnest support to the Democratic party, and during his younger years he took an active part in local public affairs, having served as mayor of Archbold for three terms, 1882-88. He served for many years as marshal of Archbold, and as a member of the board of cemetery trustees. He is a member of Lozier Post No. 135, Grand Army of the Republic. He has been universally recognized as a splendid citizen, of lofty character and sturdy integrity, a man who has consistently given his support to every moyement which had for its object the betterment of the community along any lines.

In 1869 John R. Hoffmire was married to Nancy Jane Scott, the daughter of John Scott, of Wauseon, and to this union were born three children, namely: Ella Maud, who is the widow of John M. Thrash and is living in Dallas, Texas. She became the mother of two children, Lawrence E., who died at the age of twenty-nine years, at Dallas Texas, leaving two children, and Claude O., who is married. Mr. Hoffmire's second child, Gertrude, is the widow of George O. Dix, of Archbold.

Colenzo Hegel Hoffmire, third child of John R. Hoffmire, was born at Archbold, Fulton county, Ohio, on February 8, 1889. He attended the public schools, graduating from the high school with the class of 1905. In that vear he entered the Veterinary College of the Ohio State University, and was there graduated on June 24, 1908, with the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. He then re turned home and was actively engaged in the practice in association with his father until May 12, 1917, when he entered the First Officers' Training Camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indianapolis, Indiana. On August 15th he received a commission as second lieutenant of cavalry, and on August 29th he reported at Camp Sherman, Ohio, where he was assigned to the Fourth Company of the First Training Battalion, Eighty-third Division. On September 25, 1917, he was transferred to Company C, Three Hundred and Twenty-second Machine Gun Battalion. On December 13th he was commissioned second lieutenant of the Veterinary Officers' Reserve Corps, and on January Ist, 1918, he was assigned to the Eighty-third Division at Camp Sherman, being there made brigade veterinarian of the One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Infantrv Brigade. On January 7, 1918, he was transferred to Camp Upton, Long Island, where he was assigned to Veterinary Hospital No. 6, which was being made ready for overseas service, and on February 15th he was commissioned a captain in the Veterinary Corps. On March 22d, he was ordered overseas with Hospital No. 6, and on March 27th sailed on the steamship "Olympic," then known as Transport No. 527, which landed them at Brest, France, on April 4th. They proceeded to Camp Pomntamazon, near Brest, where they remained four days. On April 8th he was ordered to proceed to Neuf Chateau, Vosges, where he remained with Veterinary Hospital No. 6 until September 15th, when he was ordered to the A. P. 0. 717, at Tours, where he was detailed as assistant to the chief surgeon.

and remount stations. On February 26, 1919, Captain Hoffimire was ordered to embark for the United States, sailing on March 8, © 1919, on the Princess Matoika, and landing in the United States on March 20th. He proceeded to Camp Hill, at Newport News; Virginia, thence to Camp Dix, New Jersey, where he was finally discharged from the service on March 22, 1919, after.a record of duty faithfully performed and with credit to his ability as a veterinarian.

On December 7, 1914, Doctor Hoffmire was married to Lulu May Grime, the daughter of Alexander and Rose (Miller) Grime, of Archbold. They have two children, Gertrudella and Mary Jane. Personally, Doctor Hoffmire is a man of generous impulses and genial disposition and enjoys to a marked degree the confidence and good will of all who know him.

GrEoRGE J. Cotzttns has had a notable record as a merchant at Wauseon, where he has been located in one establishment for over a quarter of a century and having during that time provided the city and a large part of the surrounding country with staple and high class groceries.

Mr. Collins, who is thoroughly to be congratulated for the services of his sons in the World war, was born at Bellevue, in Huron countv, Ohio, September 9, 1859, a son of James H. and Sophia (Slade) Collins. He is of English ancestry. His parents came to Wauseon when he was a child, and he grew up there and attended public schools to the age of seventeen. For a time he worked with his father as a painting contractor, and spent four years in the carpenter's trade at Wauseon. He was then employed for two years by the Toledo Pin Company, at Toledo. On returning to Wauseon he embarked his modest capital in the grocery business in 1892, and has never changed his original location in the past twenty-eight years.

Mr. Collins is a republican, attends the Congregational Church and is a man whose public spirit cap be depended upon always. In 1886 he married Mary L. Lord, daughter of George and Minerva (Pritchard) Lord, of Wauseon. They have three children: Jay Lord, born in 1888, now an Akron lawyer; Frank H., born in 1892, connected with the Duquesne Carnegie Steel Company; and Harold George, born in 1895. The oldest son left his professional business in December, 1917, to enlist in the Three Hundred and Twentieth Aerial Squadron. He was at Kelly Field, at Newport News, thence went overseas to Andover, England, and had intensive training with ' the British Royal Flying Squadron. He was mustered out with the rank of sergeant December 22, 1918, at Camp Sherman, Ohio. Harold Collins enlisted.September 18, 1917, at Camp Sherman, where he spent nine months as corporal and company clerk. He went to France by way of England and was there six months. He had the honor of serving as one of President Wilson's Guard in Paris for seven weeks. He was returned to America and mustered out at Camp Sherman April 14, 1919, after spending eight months overseas.

CuHares W. Srrusie. One of the worthiest ambitions cherished by men is to be connected with a work and an institution that has every quality of performance as well as value of service to the community. That ambition has been admirably realized by Charles W. Struble, who became connected with the People's State Bank early in 1890, a year after it was founded as a. banking partnership, and only a few weeks after the bank opened for business. He has been its cashier ever since and the directors of the People's State Bank paid him a deserved tribute when at the twenty-fifth anniversary of the bank they said: 'His careful and efficient attention for nearly a quarter of a century has contributed materially to the continued growth and prosperity of the bank."

Through all these years Mr. Struble has been the man depended upon for the real administrative and technical handling of the bank's affairs. He has seen it grow from a private bank, one of three in Wauseon, until today it is the oldest bank in Fulton county and one of the largest in resources in northwestern Ohio. The People's Bank continued as a private banking firm until December, 1906, when it was incorporated as the People's State Bank. When Mr. Struble entered upon his duties as cashier the total resources were approximately a hundred thirty thousand dollars. These resources had reached the million dollar mark when he completed his twenty-fifth year and the bank has continued to grow ever since.

Mr. Struble was born and reared on a farm in Fulton county, a son of William and Elizabeth (Dickson) Struble. He attended country schools, also the Wauseon High School, to the age of eighteen, and had the experience of teaching one term in his native township. For ten years he was a salesman in a general store at Delta, Ohio, and then spent a period in South Dakota for his health. Returning to Fulton county refreshed, he entered upon his duties as cashier in 1890.

Grorce J. Oakey. Practically the entire community of Fulton county knows and appreciates the mercantile service and career of George J. Oakley, who, beginning as a clerk, has risen to independence and is head of George J. Oakley & Company, dealers in agricultural implements, one of the largest establishments of its kind in the county.

Mr. Oakley was born in Wauseon, August 20, 1872, a son of Joseph and Sophronia (Kolb) Oakley. He attended public school at Wauseon and at the age of sixteen started work as clerk for the Barnes-Harter grocery house. Two and a half vears later he found an opening with Clarence Brigham in his hardware store, and remained there continuously in the business and advancing in experience and personal efficiency for sixteen vears. Then for two and a half years he was manager of the hardware department of Charles E. Rossman & Company, following which he engaged in business . for himself with Ervin Heist. They bought the agricultural business of H. J: Baughman and continued under the name Oakley & Heist one year, at the end of which time, in 1909, Mr. Oakley bought out his partner and has since been sole owner. - He handles many of the best and standard makes of implements, machinery and supplies used in the agricultural industry. His trade covers practically the entire Fulton county. ;

Mr. Oakley has also taken a commendable interest in local affairs and was elected a city councilman in 1917 on the republican ticket. In 1898 he married Ona Sanford, daughter of Edgar and Carrie (Kendall) Sanford, of Wauseon. They have one daughter, Frances Louise. Me

Orrn Stanvrsn, who began his active career as a physician, and practiced medicine with success in Wauseon for six vears, then gave up his calling to go into business, and has long been a member of the firm of Eager, Standish & Hatt, a mercantile firm known throughout Fulton county, dealers in dry goods, carpets, shoes and women's furnishings.

_. Doctor Standish is a son of R. Clarke and Harriet (Smith) Standish. He is of English Puritan stock, and is directly descended from the famous Capt. Miles Standish. Orin Standish was born in Fulton county, at Lyons, Royalton township, January 15, 1867. He grew up on a farm, acquired a country school education, and in 1887 graduated from the Fayette Normal College at Fayette, Ohio. He used his training to teach in the schools of Royalton township three terms, and largely with his earnings as a teacher paid his way through medical school. He entered the Homeopathic Hospital at Cleveland and later attended the Ohio State Medical College, entering in 1889 and graduating M. D. in 1892. The following six years he was busied with a growing practice at Wauseon.

In 1897 Doctor Standish bought the interests of Mr. Green in the firm of Eager & Green, at which time the title became Eager, Standish & Company. Doctor Standish has other business and local interests in Wauseon.

In 1892 he married Miss Fannie Eager, daughter of W. H. and Mary (Clement) Eager. They have a son, Clement E., born in 1896, who was in the senior class of the University of Chicago when in May, 1917, he volunteered his services to the United States Army, joining the famous Base Hospital Unit No. 18, which recently returned after nearly two vears of service in France. The unit went overseas in the spring of 1917, and made a distinguished record. Clement Standish became a sergeant in the organization.

Mr. Standish himself, true to the blood that flows in his veins, is a patriot to the core and made several efforts to get into the zone of fighting activitv. He volunteered for the overseas department of the Red Cross, and later was accepted by the Y. M. C. A. for war service, but eventually was declared physically unfit. Mr. Standish is a progressive republican and served two terms in the City Council and for fourteen vears was a trustee of the Library Board. He is affiliated with Zenobia Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Toledo. Religiously he is a member of the Unitarian Church.

SamuEL B. Yoper, D. Ph. C., successful chiropractic physician of Wauseon, Ohio, has gone very deeply into the science of magnetic healing. He began with a course at Akron, Ohio; then followed extensive practice; next the course of the College of Chiropractic at Davenport. Iowa, from which he graduated in 1912, with the degree of Doctor of Chiropractic: then further practice; in 1914 a post graduated course in Naturapathy, at Davenport, followed the next year by a course in the same branch at the Cleveland College of Naturapathy, and finally two courses at the National School of Chiropractic, Chicago, Illinois, from which he graduated in 1917, with the degree of Ph. C., Physician of Chiropractic. He thus, in all probability, had little difficulty in creditably passing the state medical examination in 1917, by which he gained permission to practice his profession in Ohio.