Denton County, Texas - Chapter 11, 1918

Chapter 11

In August, 1889, the old settlers of Denton County met at a picnic and barbecue at Denton and organized the Old Settlers' Reunion of Denton County, and adopted the following by-laws : "To the Old Settlers' Association of Denton County:

"Article 1. That while we believe in the divinity of the Scriptures, we declare that the Association is non-sectarian and non-political, but that the same is for the purpose of preserving the names of the old settlers as well as the history and reminiscences of Texas.

"Article 2. That this Association shall consist of one president, five vice-presidents, one chaplain, and one secretary-treasurei-, who shall be selected by a viva voce vote of this Association at an annual meeting of the same, and who shall hold saicfoffices for a period of two years from their election.

"Article 3. That the vice-presidents of this Association shall be elected in series and in the absence or disability of the president, they shall perfoi-m the duties of the office in the order in which they are selected.

"Article 4. That the secretary shall keep written minutes of the proceedings of the Association and at each session he shall read the minutes of the preceding session, which, when approved, shall be by said secretary recorded in a well-bound book and preserved by him foi- the use of the Association.

Member Ok Kxecttive Committee

"Article 6. The treasurer of this Association shall keep all neys belonging to the same and report in writing at each meetj the condition of the treasury, which report shall be recorded the secretary in the minutes kept by him.

"Article 7. That all the bona fide inhabitants of the State iTexas, for a period of thirty years, and who are residents of [nton County, and who are now enrolled as members, and all 0 may hereafter be enrolled, shall be, and are, entitled to ''mbership in this Association, unless dismissed for cause jmed sufficient by a two-thirds vote of the Association.

"Article 8. That for the convenience of the Association the be shall meet on Thursday and Friday on or before each full Ion in August at the city of Denton, or at such other places as y be provided and named by the president and secretary.

Article 9. The president, for sufficient cause, assigned by 1, and notice given thereof for one month previous to any Bting of this Association, may extend or diminish the duration ime of each meeting hereof. [ "Article 10. It shall be the duty of the president of this liociation to appoint a committee of three suitable persons of 13 Association to be known as a ways and means committee, 3se services shall be for two years, and whose duty it shall be )rovide for the perpetuation, pleasure, and comfort of the Aslation.

'Article 11. It shall be the duty of this Association, if cticable, to secure suitable grounds within a mile of the courtse of Denton County for the use of this Association, which unds shall be kept for, and known as, the Old Settlers' Campund.

"Article 12. At the dissolution of this Association, or at any e before, by a two-thirds vote of this Association, said grounds be sold and conveyed by the president and secretary, for ^, to any person buying the same, and the proceeds shall be

"Article 13. Upon a majority vote of this Association, an: and all meetings hereof, may be changed to any other place i Denton County, which may seem advisable. (|

"Article 14. No candidate for office shall be heard to spea in behalf of his candidacy nor shall anyone be heard to spea upon any political issue before the country."

These by-laws have been changed several times, but owin; to the loss of the books and most of the papers, a full history o the Association cannot be given.

"R. H. Bates addressed the chair relating to amendment ( the constitution, providing that all Confederate soldiers shouli be eligible to membership in the Old Settlers' Association, ani that they should take an active part in its proceedings. Sul mitted by this amendment and carried unanimously."

"Resolved, That the proposition submitted by Sul Ross Cam of Confederate Veterans, that the Old Settlers and the Confet erate Veterans consolidate, is hereby accepted, and that the ol settlers of Denton County and the Confederate veterans (the wives and daughters) are hereby united and consolidated for th purpose of annual reunions and such other purposes as may I found desirable."

The Association also extended to the G. A. R. association ( Denton County a cordial invitation to unite with the Associatic for the same purposes as those responsible for consolidation wit the Confederate veterans.

In 1898, the Association began to discuss the history of De ton County and to formulate plans to secure the publication i the history at its session in 1899.

These commissions were executed to the satisfaction of nearlyall concerned. Under the supervision of John W. Gober, R. H. Hopkins, C. C. Daugherty, and R. H. Bates, a committee appointby the Old Settlers' Association, the remains of Captain Denton were brought to Denton in 1900. In the presence of Rev. J. T. Denton and John B. Denton, Jr., sons of the illustrious Captain Denton, Professor William Baker, his grandson, and a large concourse of citizens, the remains were laid to rest in the southeast corner of the courthouse yard. E. B. Orr, L. Willis, J. M. Swisher, John W. Gober, J. H. Hawkins, and W. C. Wright acted as pallbearers.

Captain Denton's grave is now enclosed by a low brick wall, and awaits the time when future generations will build a more suitable monument to commemorate his life and character.

The Old Settlers' Association has continued its efforts to secure a history of Denton County and the reminiscences of the pioneer settlers. On August 8, 1913, the Association elected I. D. Ferguson, historian, and Ed F. Bates, J. W. Medlin, and A. J. Nance to supervise and have published the history of Denton County.

At Sanger, August 7, 1914, Ed F. Bates was elected chairman of the committee on the History and Reminiscences of Denton County, and authorized to fill out the committee and to solicit funds to bear the expense of gathering and collating the traditions and history of the old settlers and of Denton County.

At Lewisville, July 22, 1915, the Association continued the committee on the History and Reminiscences of Denton County, composed of Ed F. Bates, Levi Ballew, S. V. Lusk, and T. R. Allen.

At Pilot Point, August 18, 1916, the following resolution was offered by D. S. Donald, G. P. Davis, J. C. Coit, and A. Wayne Robertson, and was adopted :

"Resolved, That the Old Settlers ' and Veterans' Association of Denton County hereby authorize, empower, and direct Ed F. Bates, the secretary of said Association, to write the History and Reminiscences of Denton County as nearly authentic as possible, to secure tiu' i)ul)lication of said work, and to manage and control the publication and sale of said work. The same to be pubhshed as soon as the subscription list thereto will warrant, and th, the following associations and persons be, and they are herel appointed to solicit subscriptions for the book, and to rend, such other and further services as may be necessary to secui such publication, and that all solicitors shall be under the manag ment and control of the said Ed F. Bates, and that he is hereby fully authorized and empowered to appoint such other solicitoj s and to do and perform such other things as in his judgmeni may be necessary to secure the early publication and distribution of said Histoiy and Reminiscences of Denton County."

The old settlers at this meeting noted the death of forty-one f their comrades during the year at an average age of seventy ears and seven months.

We re^-et that on account of the loss of the records of 1 Association, we are not able to give the roll of members and 1 officers during the early history of the Association.

The following list of old settlers registered their name. the year that they came to Denton County, and attended one more of the last five annual meetings held by the Associatic

Old Settlers' And Veterans' Association

We never had liee schools in Denton County prior to 186 Our early schools were "subscription schools." They were ge; erally three-month schools, taught in the summer months am called summer schools. The common branches only were tau;'* such as reading, writing, spelling, and arithmetic. The stud( paid $1.25 to $1.50 per month tuition, and would go early in th( morning and stay all day.

We had about eight schools of this class in the count\ ii 1860, and it was no uncommon thing to see boys and girls ridini six and eight miles to school. The county was so thinly settles that we could not support the schools otherwise, and our pconli then, as a rule, were not enthusiastic school men. They belit in spelling, reading, and writing, and beyond that point the nia jority did not care to go. Spelling was the hobby and we oftei had public spelling matches, at which Webster's BIiw Bad Speller was often spelled through.

The history of the public schools reaches back beyond tin the history of Texas as a state. Public schools were first pro vided for by the constitution of Coahuila-Texas of 1824, know! as the Mexican constitution. The "Lancasterian School System' was adopted May 13, 1829 by decree No. 92. Article No. 7 o: this decree, or law, provides "That teachers shall instruct th( pupils in reading, writing, arithmetic, the dogma of the Catholii religion, and all of Ackerman's Catechism of Artfi and Sciences.*

The Roman Catholics were willing for free schools if the] were "Romanized," and the people were not satisfied with this in fringement upon their religious liberties.

hich convened in the town of San Felipe, October 1, 1832, comlosed of forty-six delegates from the various colonies, the queslion of public free schools was considered paramount as an issue, d Luke Lesassier, William McFarlane, William Manafee, Samel Bruff, and Thomas Hastings, were appointed to draw a petiion to the State government of Coahuila-Texas for a donation f land to Texas for the purpose of creating a fund for the future stablishment of primary schools and report the same to the conention. This was done, but to no purpose.

The Protestants were not permitted to build or own churches, /hey were not permitted to marry people, and not permitted to ave public free schools that had not been Romanized.

'Tt has failed to establish any pubUc system of education, Ithough possessed of almost boundless resources [the public omain], and although it is an axiom in political science, that, nless a people are educated and enlightened it is idle to expect lie continuance of civil liberty or the capacity for self-governlient.

It has denied us the right of worshipping the Almighty, Iccording to the dictates of our own consciences, by the support f a national religion calcuated to promote the temporal interests f its human functionaries rather than the glory of the true and Iving God."

In their proposed constitution, which was adopted. Section /, reads: "It shall be the duty of the Congress, as, soon as cirlumstances will permit, to provide by law, a general system of ducation."

The Fourth Congress of the Republic on March 26, 1839, )assed an act setting aside to each county three leagues of land or free schools (4,428 4-10 acres to a league or 13,285 acres to lach county), to be located by the county surveyor under the or- der of the county commissioners, and fifty leagues (221,400 acres) were set aside for two colleges or universities thereafter to be established, to be located by a surveyor directed by the President. (This was for the University of Texas and the A. & M. College.)

On February 5, 1840, Congress passed an act making the chief justice and two associate justices the school commissioners for each county, and charging them with the duty of locating and handling their county's school land.

In 1845, the Republic of Texas was admitted to the Union. By the Compromise of 1850, Texas received from the United States $10,000,000 in settlement of her claim to a part of the territory of New Mexico. Out of this sum was paid the public debt of the Republic of Texas, and the remainder of the money was set aside as a permanent free school fund, of which only the interest could be used, and called the "Available Free School Fund."

This school fund was invested in United States bonds and in H. & T. C. Railroad bonds. After the war the railroad tried to avoid payment of its bonds upon the grounds of having tendered the State Confederate money (which tender was made after the collapse of the Confederacy). The remainder of the fund was invested in United States bonds, the interest on which was collected and remained undistributed in the treasury.

The State seceded from the Union and the Reconstruction Legislature took charge of the school funds, sold most of t^^-^ United States bonds and paid the expenses of the appoint State officers and the legislature out of the permanent school fund of Texas. The remainder was so small that but little was available.

The Reconstruction constitution of 1869 provided in Article IX, section 1 : "It shall be the duty of the legislature of this State to make suitable provisions for the support and maintenance of a system of public free schools, for the gratuitous instruction of all the inhabitants of this State between the ages of six and eighteen years of age."

The Eleventh Legislature on November 1, 1866, passed an act authorizing the police court of Denton County to sell the county's school lands and invest the proceeds in bonds. (Denton County lands had not at this time been located.)

The Twelfth Legislature on August 13, 1870, passed a bill creating the public free school system of Texas. Section 8 provides that no sectarian doctrine shall be taught in the public free schools.

The same body in called session on April 24, 1871, amended the school system by defining the Available School Fund to be as follows: "All interest which has accrued or may hereafter accrue to the school fund from railroad bonds or otherwise, since the 13th day of March, 1870, and one-fourth of all the ad valorem and occupation taxes assessed since that date, and such other taxes as have been, or may be, provided by law for the support of public schools."

Section 6 of that act provided for compulsory attendance of the students for at least four months in the year and penalizing the parent or guardian for a failure of the student to attend, provided nonattendance was due to ill health, to there being no school within three miles, or to danger of hostile Indians. Children under ten years old could not be compelled to travel over one mile to school. Compulsory attendance was never enforced in Denton County and that feature of the law was soon repealed. (It was to be enacted again in a modified form by the Legislature of 1915 and to be effective September, 1916.)

At this period (1870) the question of public free schools in Denton County was freely discussed, and the people were divided on the subject. We deem it proper to briefly state the grounds of division.

The objectors to the free school system contended that it was not just and right to collect an ad valorem and poll tax from A, who had no children, to educate B's children, nor to appropriate the public domain, which belonged to A and B equally, to the exclusive benefit of B's children.

our free republican form of government depended upon the virtue and intelligence of our citizenship, and that .4 and B alike shared the blessings of good government.

But upon the question of compulsory education the issues were on different grounds, and B become the objector on the ground that the family government was the unit of government, that is was the inherent right of the parents to rule, and that they had not delegated to the State the power of control, except in the school room, while A contended that the parents, in accepting the school fund on behalf of the child, made the child the ward of the government, and that he should not be permitted to thwart the purposes of the government by nonattendance, as all would be affected alike by bad government. We have passed through a period of foi'ty years and have again entered upon compulsory education, and the masses of the people will have to pass upon ii

The Thirteenth Legislature passed an act on March 18, 1873, setting aside one-half of the public domain for public free schools. It was asserted that many of the counties were yet to receive their three leagues of land, when they should be organized, and that the public domain would then be gone, and that the new counties would not get their land, and that the Eleventh and Twelfth Legislatures had squandered the public domain on railroads, which land should have been kept for public free schools.

On March 15, 1875, the Legislature passed an act whereby the several incorporated cities and towns in the State were given authority to assume control over the public free schools within their limits, to build schoolhouses and to provide for the giatuitous education of all children therein, receiving their part of the public free school fund. The law was subsequently amended to allow them to levy by vote one-half of one per cent, ad valorem tax for school maintenance and to elect a board of seven trustees.

. C. Wright, M. W. Deavenport, and A. J. Nance as commissionrs, the court ordered and employed Mr, EHjah Biggerstaif to urvey and plot the Denton County school lands, which they Dcated not far from Wichita Falls, in Wichita County.

Judge Scruggs, as agent, sold the lands, mostly in bulk, for 1.15 per acre to a Northern syndicate. After surveying fees ,nd sales commissions were deducted, the net amount of $1.05 -er acre, or $13,500, was received for said lands, which sum was avested in Denton County bonds bearing four and five per cent, nterest, which amounted to about $585.00 per annum. This ,mount is prorated among the schools of the county and amounts o about seven cents per capita at this time.

These commissioners had to subdivide the county into conenient school districts and inaugurate the free school system. ?he county judge was made ex-officio county superintendent and Lad the supervision of the public free schools in Denton County mtil 1912, when the office of county superintendent was created.

The percentage of illiteracy was great in Denton County to the war. No ratio was known. Our schools were small ubscription schools, generally three-month schools, taught in "une, July, and August, and not well attended.

When the war and Reconstruction were over, new hopes and Lspirations came to the people, and the interest in schools was reived. Many small country schools were established in the couny and they were considerably improved in time, attendance, and urriculum.

At Bethel, about one-half mile over the line in Collin County, lev. William Allen established a splendid private school in 1866, n which he taught the higher branches for nine months in the Many students came from a distance and attended his ichool. His was a subscription school and he gave credit to itudents for their pro rata of the free school fund and to that exent made it a free school. He had several assistant teachers vho taught the primary grades while he taught the higher grades. His school would class with the high schools of today.

At Denton a series of schools was conducted by J. S. Ric ardson, C. C. Bell, J. S. Chapman, E. B. Keyte and others. Thesi schools were taught in the Masonic Hall and gradually improved until they were called high schools and were doing a splendid work, but they were subscription schools and soon gave way to the public free schools. The city of Denton up to 1883 had no regular free schools. There were several private schools and all gave credit for the free school fund.

In the summer of 1882 the question of levying a tax and having a nine-month free school was agitated. The result was that bonds were sold and the first school building was erectec^ W. S. Parker was the architect, and T. W. Abney and F. ]\il Faught, the building committee. The structure was a three-story brick and cost about $15,000 (the proceeds of the bond sale). In this building Professor Morgan H. Looney taught a fourmonth school in 1884. The school fund would not justify i longer term.

Professor E. F. Comeigys and his faculty, E. B. Keyte, R. T Yeates, Miss Ella Hundley, Miss Alice Finer, Miss Dena Cobb Mrs. Helen Smith, Miss Naomi Baker, Miss Etta Jones, and Misr Maggie Morgan, taught the school of 1885 and had five hundra students. In 1888 the enrollment was 570 students. Rapid prfj gress had been made, and in 1894 the school was affiliated witt the State University, with Professor E. B. Keyte and the follovi' ing faculty at the helm : A. F. Heltman, J. L. McReynolds, J. A Conway, Miss Berta Inge, Mrs. Bishop Neely, Miss Ada Terril Miss Salena Burris, Miss Nannie Cook, Miss Sena Mounts, Mis Etta Jones, Miss Kate Karnes, Mrs. Hogg, and Miss Tip Dry*

All private schools yielded to the public demand for publi education and retired from the field. The energies of the peop. of the county have been united and concentrated, and the fr( schools standardized and graded to secure efficiency. Speci; taxes have been levied in most of the districts of the county, ai

Superintendent Denton City Public Schools

A period of two more decades has passed. On the campus of the old John B. Denton College we now have a handsome, commodious Denton City High School Building, an annex, and a gymnasium. In addition we have four ward schools - the Robei-t E. Lee, the Stonewall Jackson, the Sam Houston, and the Fred Douglass (colored) schools. The school board consists of the following individuals: D. K. Allison, president; R. P. Lomax, vicepresident ; W. L. McCormick, secretary ; R. E. Turner, G. T. Turner, W. E. Smoot, E. D. Griddle, J. M. Gurley. The scholastic enrollment is 1,942. J. W. Beaty is superintendent of the Denton City Public Schools, and his faculty is as follows :

High School - J. L. Jackson, principal, history. A. Logan, mathematics and bookkeeping. Miss Ella May Underwood, . sistant in mathematics. Miss Edna McCormick. English. ^M Lillian Walker, assistant in English. E. H. Farrington, Lai and assistant in science. Miss Norma Smith, physical education and assistant in Latin. C. M. Mizell. science. Miss Mattie Lee Underwood, assistant in history. ]\Irs. L. E. Nelson, assistant in history and English. Miss Elizabeth Storrie, domestic economy. Miss Ethel Simmons, German.

R. E. Lee School - J. E. Park, principal, arithmetic and physiology, fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. Miss Mattie Bro\\Ti, English, fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. Miss Lottie Brashears, history and spelling, fifth, sixth, and seventh gi'ades. Miss Leah Owens, geography and writing, fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. Miss Sybil Aldridge, low fifth. Miss Golden Lacy, low and high fourth. Miss Willie Mae Slaughter, high third and low fourth. Miss Ollie Kerley, low third. Miss Gertrude McReynolds, low and high second. Miss Ara Gant, high first and low second. Miss Juanita Hayes, high first. Miss Effie Sledge, low first.

Stonewall Jackson School - W. A. Combest, principal, arithmetic and physics, fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. Miss Odessa Swindell, history and geography, fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. Miss Irma Bruce, English, fifth, sixth, and seventh gi*ades. Miss

Sam Houston School - W. C. Potter, principal, arithmetic md physics, fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. Miss Gertrude rackson, history and geography, fifth, sixth, and seventh grades.

Denton City High School Building

The combined energies of the county schools for this year 1917), under the direction of Professor Homer Edwards as ounty superintendent, give the following results :

There are eighty-one common school districts and seven i independent school districts in the county. One district has no > special tax levy, thirty-two have a fifty-cent levy, and the remainder have a levy of about twenty-five cents. The scholastic age > is from seven to eighteen. There are 9,753 white scholastics and 367 colored, or a total of 10,120 scholastics. The State appropriation this year is $7.00 per capita, or $70,840, supplemented by the district taxation. The amount of $8,500 came to Denton County last scholastic year out of the State's special $1,000,000 appropriation for the rural schools. There have been twentyfive rural schools consolidated since last year. There are about 135 rural school teachers in the county.

The city of Denton determined to establish a college for higher education, fiom the proceeds of a bond issue, to be taught as a private school and to be maintained by subscriptions.

On September 8, 1890, $15,000 of schoolhouse bonds No. -^ were issued and sold, and a ten-acre campus secured. W. S. Parker received the contract to build the house. On February 21, 1891, the corner stone was laid with Masonic honors by S. M. Bradley, G. M., J. W. Cook, G. S. W., M. S. Stout, G. J. W., J. M. Roark, G. Treasurer, and E. F. Comeigys. Grand Marshal of the Grand Lodge of Texas. A.F.«S: A.M., assisted by J. R. McCormick, W. M.; 0. P. Poe, S. W.; W. L. Reynolds. J. W.; J. S. Chapman, secretary; J. A. Allen, Sr. D. ; J. W. Underwood. Jr. D. of Stanfield Lodge No. 217. A great concourse of people assembled at the City Hall and marched to the grounds, led by the Masons, the city officials, and Professor J. C. Chilton's school. The ceremonies were very impressive. This building was erected near the president's residence, and was destroyed by fire in 1907.

line-month school of a certain grade, with a stipulated minimum ijnrollment and a specified annual increase. Professor Chilton ')rganized his school in the fall of 1890 in temporary quarters 'intil the building was completed. His contract was for five |t^ears, but was forfeited at the end of the third year on account |)f failure of enrollment.

Professor Minter B. Terrell then entered into a more liberal contract as to attendance and his faculty was composed of the following: Professor J. A. Saunders, Professor 0. M. Thurman, md Mrs. M. B. Terrell. The school, in a measure, was more sucbessful but was still hampered with a short subscription list and a,n inadequate maintenance fund.

By mutual consent, the city of Denton sought to change the ichool to a State public free school, and through our State senator, he Hon. E. C. Smith, submitted a proposition to the Twenty- Sixth Legislature of Texas, which was accepted.

The Beginning

The College was created by an act of the Twenty-sixth Legislature, on March 31, 1899, the city of Denton donating to the State a plot of ten acres, and the building belonging to the school 'previously known as the North Texas Normal College.

The school was opened for registration on September 18, 1901 with about two hundred matriculates, and a faculty of fourteen members, including the President.

I Purpose

Wherever a system of education is maintained inefficiency of the teaching force is expensive from a strictly financial viewpoint. Inefficiency is always extravagant and wasteful. State normal schools have been the natural outgrowth of the policy of public education.

The purpose of a normal school is to educate teachers, to increase the skill and efficiency of this class of public servants. By properly training those to whom the education of the children of the public schools is to be entrusted not only is the investmen of the public school fund made more profitable, but the busines; of teaching is made more professional and respectable, in all it' aspects, retaining in its ranks for a longer time a greater numbei of the intellectually strong and capable. The unskilled and un trained seldom love their vocation ; they lack enthusiasm and in spiration ; they fail to acquire power or influence and to feel con secration ; and they soon abandon their work for one of less re sponsibility.

It is the province of the normal school to prepare men anc women not only to teach subject matter, but to inspire and stimu late the pupil from within, to exemplify the character and the cul ture whose roots sink deep into the source springs of though and feeling. The normal school must have its students compre hend the responsibilities of leadership, the principles of mind de velopment, the laws that correlate and harmonize the physical the mental and the spiritual.

Uniform Entrance Requirements To All State Normal Schools Of Texas

Previous to the session beginning September, 1917, a stu dent applying for entrance to any class of one of the norma schools was required to be examined on the work of the nex lower class in the course elected.

Since the standardization of the schools, and the addition o two years of college work leading to the bachelor's degree, thi normal schools have adopted the American college method fo the admission of students.

1. Uniform Requirements. The requirements for entrant to the various classes of the State Normal Schools of Texas an uniform, as directed by the State Normal School Board of Re gents.

2. Age. Any person who is sixteen years of age on o before January 1 of the school year may enter a State Norma School at the beginning of the fall term or at any suitable tinn during the school year.

President North Texas State Normal College

3. Applicants for entrance to the first year or Freshmai class of the Normal department should present a minimum o seven admission units as follows:

Electives sufficient to make 7 units in all. An entrance unit is understood to be five recitations pel week of forty-five minutes each for thirty-six weeks. The elective units may be made up of any subjects offered in an approved high school. Mature students over twenty-one years of age may, at the direction of the President, be admitted without examination to the first year or Freshman class. A second-grade State certificate exempts the hold«?r from examination in all the subjects mentioned except algebra and composition. The completion of the nhith grade of an approved high school exempts fron; examination for entrance to this class, but graduates of high schools of 3B class are given tentative classification, subject tc modification or reduction as students do or do not maintair satisfactory class standing.

4. Applicants for entrance to the second year, or Sophomore class, of the Normal department shauld present eleven admission units as follows:

Electives, 4 or 4i o units. Students who desire to pursue language courses must offer at least one unit of foreign language. A first-grade State certificate exempts from all examination for entiance to this class; a permanent primary certificate exempts from all examination in all subjects required for entrance to the second year or Sophomore class, except in algebra and geometry of the first year or Freshman class; a second-grade State certificate exempts from all examinations for entrance in agriculture, physiology,

'eading and school management. The completion of the tenth Wade of an affiliated high school, or of an approved high school )f 2A and higher classes, exempts from all examination for ;ntrance to the second year or Sophomore class. Graduate of ligh school of 2B class will be given tentative classification, coniitioned on the work of the high school from which they came md on the maintenance of satisfactory standing in class by the student.

5. Applicants for entrance to the third year or Junior class )f the Normal department should present fourteen standard adnission units for full admission, twelve being required for coniitional admission. Beginning in September, 1919, fifteen admission units will be required for full admission to this class, and thirteen units for conditional admission. The following units are prescribed for all students :

Geometry, 1 unit Provided, that the students of the History-English Course must offer two units of foreign language, and those of the Language Course two units of a modern language or three units of Latin.

Holders of first-grade State certificates will receive credit for nine units: three in English, two in algebra, one in plane geometry, one in ancient history, one in mediaeval and modern history, one-half in civics, and one-half in school management. Holders of permanent State teachers' certificates will be admitted to the third year or the Junior class.

6. Advanced College Standing. Applicants for entrance to the fourth year or Senior class of ahe Normal department (which is the second year of the strictly college course) must be examined on the work of the immediately preceding class of the course elected by the applicant.

Students seeking advanced standing on account of work done in another college must present a certificate from a normal college or other approved institution showing satisfactory completion of the work of college rank. In addition thereto he should present letters of honorable discharge from such institution, and he must meet the standard entrance requirements as already described in Section 5.

Applicants for entrance to the Senior class of the Normal department must have completed the full equivalent of one year's work of college I'ank in a normal college or other recognized college or university.

Applicants for entrance to the fifth year or Junior College class must have completed the equivalent of two years' work in a normal college or other recognized college or university.

7. Adviission as Main re Stvde)ifs. Persons twenty-one years of age or over, who are not graduates of standard high schools, may. at the discretion of the President of the Normal School, be admitted without examination to the college courses. In the enforcement of this regulation, especial consideration will be given to mature students whose high school training has been followed by successful experience in teaching, to students who have had other practical preparation, and to those who have made special attainments in some particular line. Students admitted in this manner will, upon the completion of the Freshman college course in English, history, mathematics and science with a grade of C be given credit for the full entrance units in these subjects. Other entrance units may be absolved in like manner. In all classes, mature students are expected to satisfy the standard entrance requirements of fifteen units not later than two years after admission.

8. Time of Examination. Applicants for the first year class must be examined upon entrance in all required subjects; applicants for admission to other classes must be examined upon entrance in the required English, history, mathematics, and science, and may defer examinations in other subjects to the middle of the session. These regulations apply to students from affiliated or accredited high schools, who may be admitted partly by examination, as well as students who enter by examination solely.

9. Credits from Other Institutions. Entrance credits for work done in any college or university are determined by the President of the Normal School. Work completed satisfactorily in any one of the Texas State normal schools is fully recognized by the others. Those completing the work of the first year in one normal school are admitted to the second year class in any State normal school in Texas, and similarly to other classes; provided, that of the fifteen units required for a certificate, at least five must be made in the normal school that issues the certificate, and provided also that the entire fifteen units required for Normal diplomas must be made in the normal school that issues the diploma. Only "entrance credits" are given for work done in schools other than the Texas State normal schools.

10. Definition of Unit. In the Normal department, the unit of work for the first two years shall be four recitations per week for twelve weeks, or forty-eight recitations per term in a subject. For each class room hour in the Normal department, one and one-fourth (11/4) hours of preparation are expected. In college courses the unit of work shall be three recitations per week for twelve weeks, or thirty-six recitations per term in a subject. For each class room hour, two hours of preparation are expectefd.

11. The Term's W'orli. The work of a term is five unit^ exclusive of regular assignments in physical education. The work in physical education is counted as one unit for the yc classes meeting at least two times per week.

12. Credentials. Credentials entitling the holder to l . emption from examination must be official statements signed by proper authorities. Promotion cards and diplomas from high schools and colleges must be accompanied by official statemej"'-^ of the work completed by the students, and signed by the sup' intendent, principal, or president. Work in a grade partially completed is not considered for entrance or credit,

13. Recognized Colleges. The University of Texas, Baylor University, Southern Methodist University, Southwestern University, Texas Christian University, Trinity University, Ai tin College, and Rice Institute are recognized colleges and uni\ > - sities, affiliation with which is approved.

14. Higlt Schools. "Approved" high schools are lh< accredited by the State Department of Education; "affiliated" high schools are those accredited by the University of Texas or other "recognized" institutions.

For session beginning September, 1917, the normal schools recognize the classification issued by the State Superintendent of Public Instiuction for Texas, on June 17. in Bulletin No. 64.

In this bulletin the standard schools are designated A schools, and are fully accredited by the Department of Education. Those on tentative lists are marked B schools, and are not yet fully accredited.

IB, or Probationary ^-Year High Schools: Conditional entrance into Freshman class of universities and Junior class of normal schools. (Number of conditions should be determined

2B, or Probationary 3-Year High Schools: Conditional enrance into Senior class of lA high schools and Sophomore class f normal schools. (Number of conditions to be determined eparately for each school, according to its standards.)

3B, or Probationary 2-Year High Schools: Conditional enrance into Junior class of lA schools and Freshman class of ormal schools. (Number of conditions should be determined sparately for each school, according to its standards.)

The Courses Of Study

The modern university answers the public need with a mulitude of courses of subjects of study, for the most part elective, ^ith only certain requirements to insure breadth and thoroughess. For general culture and for the varied activities of social fe, this elective system is to be commended.

But the definite field of the normal school is to prepare the aachers demanded by our public school system. This work oes not require so wide a field of possible selection, and in general estricts the curriculum requisite for any student to four lines of ulture material. These four are: First, the mother tongue s the universal medium of culture, its structure, its proper use, nd its heritage of literature; second, the subjects dealing with tie profession of teaching, its philosophical and scientific bases, nd their practical applications ; third, the line of subject matter hat the prospective teacher expects to teach; and, fourth, cerain minor subjects in each course selected from the majors of ther courses for purposes of general . culture and information.

Administration Building Library Building

These varying requirements are then best fulfilled by the oranization of certain definite courses, coordinate and equivalent, ut varying as to purpose, and hence as to the matter included 1 the above mentioned third class.

I. The Agriculture Course, for the training of teachers of P'iculture and of the biological and physical sciences upon which lis great industry and art is based. It especially aims at the reparation of principals of consolidated schools and rural high jhools.

II. The Home Economics Course to prepare for the teach- Lg of the home arts and sciences in schools of any grade. This )urse is exclusively for women.

IV. The Language Course, in which the student may select Satin, German, or Spanish, for the preparation of teachers of lese languages in our public and high schools, and also for those iho desire the foundation for higher classical and scientific edutition, or who may wish the modern foreign languages for the ,irposes of business and travel.

V. The Science Course to supply the need for teachers of athematics and science in high schools and for departmental -achers and principals of elementary schools.

VII. The History-English Course, for the preparation of achers of history and English in high schools and the higher -ades of elementary schools, and for those who desire to divide

A student entering the first year or Freshman class should complete any one of these courses in four years. Then he is granted a diploma and a permanent teacher's certificate. Should le desire to continue his work, he is admitted to the Junior Ilollege class without condition.

Beginning in September, 1917, two additional years' work las been added to the couse formerly given, the completion of A^hich will entitle the pupil to receive the standard bachelor's iegree in Education.

Liberal appropriations from the legislature during the past several years, the addition of buildings, apparatus and appliances, md the election of a much larger faculty have contributed to the efficiency of the College.

The normal school diploma and permanexit certificate will be l"ranted as heretofore, to those complet.ni,- the fourth-year or >enior class of the Normal Collei^e. Stuaexxts rernaming for subsequent work will be graduated with the bachelor's degree upon jatisi'actory completion of the work of the two addxtioual >ears. 5ince the entrance requirements ha ^ e been made to conform ;o those of standard colleges of America, and the amount of work :or college graduation made equivalent to that of our best insti- ;utions, the bachelor's degree as conferred w.il be recognized everywhere.

In addition to the preparation of 'teachers of the so-called iterary and scientific subjects, the school iS now equipped with mildings, appliances and faculty necessary to train effective ;eachers in all phases of home economics, manual training, public school music, public school art, reading, and physical education.

Every phase of the teacher's work receives just consideraion, and in its enlarged sphere of usefulness the College expects o meet the demands of all grades of school work, the elementary, he grammar, and the high school in all its departments.

The Senior College

Any course leading to the bachelor's degree must mclude an ]ducation major, an academic major of twelve units, an acade- |iic minor of nine and an acadamic minor of six units.

That is, all credits made during the last two years of the 3rmer four-year course and the two years, the first of which is |egun September, 1917, must rank as college work.

Conditions not possible to be foreseen may necessitate the lodification of the course as now outlined. I After the close of session 1917-18 both the additional years nrected by the Board of Regents will be offered. The bulletin n be published about March 1, 1918, will give the entire course f. study for both years.

I Graduation under the four-year diploma course, or the comietion of two years' work of college rank, including the fourteen t:andard college entrance units, is prerequisite for admission to as class.

Control

CONTROL Prior to December, 1911, the management and control of the ^llege was exercised by the State Board of Education, consistg of the Governor, the Comptroller, and Secretary of State. The liirty-second Legislature, at its call session in 1911, created a E:ate Normal School Board of Regents, consisting of the Superi tendent of Public Instruction and four other members, to be ^pointed by the Governor. In compliance with a more recent Iw governing the appointments of boards of regents of state istitutions (General Laws of the Thirty- third Legislature, Chap-

During the period in which the College was under the direcion of the State Board of Education, the local board of three lembers, appointed- by the State Board, performed various dufes, and exercised authority delegated to it by the State Board. The following gentlemen, and residents of Denton County, ^rved as members of the local board at various time from 1901 t) 1911: Hon. F. E. Finer, Hon. Emory C. Smith, Hon. Alvin Owsley, Hon. W. A. Ponder, Hon. J. T. Bottorff, Hon. J. R. Jhristal and Hon. John Harmonson.

State Normal School Board Of Regents

The Main Building. - In 1903 the main building, a brick, with and two stories, was constructed. This contains the -dministration offices, auditorium, and several recitation rooms. ts cost, including heating, electric wiring, plumbing, etc., was ipproximately $60,000.

The Science Building. - In 1910 the science building was onstructed. It is a fireproof brick and reinforced concrete strucure of three floors. It contains several recitation rooms, a lecure room, the laboratories for chemistry and physics. Its cost, lot including equipment, was $35,000.

! The Library Building. - In 1913 the library building was Completed. It is a fireproof brick, reinforced concrete, and steel structure. It contains the reading rooms, stack room, society

The Manual Arts Building. - A commodious, handsome, fireproof building, has just been completed for the departments of manual training and home economics. This building, equipped with the best modern appliances for teaching all the phases of manual training, domestic science, and domestic art, affords all needed facilities for preparing expert teachers in these subjects. Competent judges say there is no building in the South superior to this in all of its appointments and equipments.

Central Heating Plant. - Within the last year a central heating plant has been constructed, equipped with duplicate boilers, from which all buildings on the campus are heated. In this building are located the engines, motors, etc., for developing light and power for the various buildings and for running the machines in the manual training department.

Education Building. - The Thirty-fifth Legislature has recently appropriated $80,000 for the construction of an Education Building. This will be ready for occupancy at the beginning of the session in September, 1918.

The Training School

The College maintains a model training school of nine grades. In this school where 146 children are taught by skillful and trained teachers, supervised by an expert in education, the students of the Normal School, both by observation and actual practice, under competent direction and instruction, are led to solve the practical problems of instruction, discipline, and management.

The Summer School

The summer -session of the North Texas State Normal begins about June 1 and closes about August 1 of each year. Two distinct schools are maintained, the "Summer School" and the "Summer Normal." Students of the different schools are taught in separate classes and do different classes of work.

Carefully Selected Faculty

In selecting the faculty for the school the utmost care is alays exercised. Character, personal influence for good, scholarlip, ability, willingness to work, and successful experience are .ways carefully considered. The Normal School faculty is no lace for a teacher weak in any one of these particulars. The ;udent in a normal school should never come under the influence L a weak, insipid, inefficient, or indifferent teacher.

Officers Of Administration Faculty For 1917-18

FACULTY FOR 1917-18 . D. Borden, B. S., A. B., Physics. liss Annie Webb Blanton, B. Lit., English. [iss M. Anne Moore, M. L., A. B., Education. [iss Emma Mitchell, History.

[iss Edith Lanier Clark, B. Lit., A. M., Dean of Women, English. . H. Legett, Agriculture. [iss Elizabeth Alger Hillyar, Drawing. J. D. Butler, A. B., A. M., Dean, Mathematics. . R. Swenson, A, B., A. M., Education. '. E. Peters, A. B., A. M., Mathematics. !. L. Davis, B. S., M. S., Agriculture. . W. Smith; Treasurer, Mathematics.

Manual Arts Building The Lyceum Course

The Normal has always maintained a strong course of lectures and entertainments, each year securing the best available talent. Men and women of national reputation, famous as leaders in public life, noted artists, musicians, and writers have been secured, who have contributed much to the student's realization of the college pui^pose of helpfulness and spiritual uplift.

Student Activities

The College has adopted and has adhered to the policy of encouraging a wide line of student activities, literary, forensic, dramatic, athletic, social, journalistic, artistic and spiritual. These activities are not left to or thrust upon the sole responsibility of students, but they are under the sympathetic and directive influence of committees of the students and faculty.

Literary Societies

The school supports several literary societies: The Mary Arden and Current Literary Clubs for women, the .John H. Reaj HISTORY OF DENTON COUNTY 221

The Mary Arden Club is limited to membership of forty, and gives preference to advanced students. It was organized for the study of Shakespeare, but each session it devotes some time to some modern author or studies some problem of present importance.

The Current Literary Club, larger in its membership, stimulates the study of the highest grade of modern literature, and also attacks questions of socal and civic importance. Both of these clubs are "federated" with other women's clubs of the city and State.

The Reagan and Lee Literary Societies for men seek the development of qualities of manliness and loyalty, as well as training in debating, declamation, and parliamentary practice. These two societies have no meetings during the summer sessions, but all members of both societies and other men in the school join during the summer session in the Henry W. Grady Literary Society. ^ ^^

For the purpose of intercollegiate contests, the men's societies are combined into an Oratorical Association. Under the auspices of this organization, the school is a member of the Texas Normal College Debating League, in which each of the normal schools meets in annual debate two of the sister institutions. The annual debates occur simultaneuosly at all the normals, the same question being discussed at both places, and each school supporting both sides of the question, taking the affirmative side at one place and the negative side at the other. The school is also represented in the State Peace Oratorical Association.

Student Publications

Elected representatives of all the classes in the school constitute the Press Club, which issues a weekly publication, the Campus Chat; a quarterly, The Avesta; and an annual, The

Yucca. The editor-in-chief of the Campus Chat and The Avesta is elected by the board of associate editors, who are elected by their respective literary societies.

The editor-in-chief of The Yucca is elected by the entire student body. The office is esteemed the highest honor in the gift of the students, and the election is contested in the typical American college fashion. The business manager of the publications is elected by the faculty.

The Campus Chat and The Avesta furnish a respository for the best products of student literary effort and a record of current events in the school. The Yucca is an illustrated year book of college life and activities. These publications are invaluable to the school, for the associations formed during the year serve as much to enrich the later life of the student as his formal work in classroom, library, and laboratory, and it is the human side of the school that gives these tasks a life meaning.

Sketch Club

The Sketch Club is composed of a group of students who have some artistic ability, and who are interested in drawing and painting, and who want to give more time to the work than the class period affords.

Musical Organizations

The fundamental musical organization of the school is the Ghoral Club. A chorus is made up of students who can read music fairly well at sight. It meets for practice twice a week throughout the year. A varied selection of musical masterpieces, consisting of modern part songs, and selections from oratorio and opera are studied. While concerts are given from time to time during the year, the most important feature of the chorus is the May Festival, which constitutes a leading part of the commencement week program. A credit of one unit is given for regular attendance and conscientious work. The Musical Club for young women and the Glee Club are two popular organizations for women and men, respectively. Each consists of about fifty voices. Fluent reading at sight is required for membership in either. Recitals and musicales are given throughout the year. Besides the musical numbers that enrich the literary and devotional programs of other organizations are largely the fruit of the work of these clubs.

The Normal Band

The Normal Band has proved one of the most successful of the student organizations. The school owns its instruments. In addition to the twenty trained players constituting the regular band, classes of beginners are given instruction and practice.

Athletics

It is the duty of every school to provide opportunity for physical as well as mental and moral development. Besides the regular courses in physical education, the interclass and interschool contests are aimed primarily to increase the student's capacity for mental effort, for moral stamina, and for social service. Competitive athletic games w^ith schools of equal rank are made part of the athletic program. But since intercollegiate games do not afford the opportunity of participation to the majority of students, great stress is laid upon competition between clat.ses and other groups. In this way it is hoped the entire student body may be reached by invigorating influence of strenuous play. The school owns about five acres of land prepared for baseball, basketball, tennis, volley ball, and other games. The athletic interests are safeguarded by a committee of the faculty and by an association ol' students. Representatives of both bodies form the Athletic Council, whose duty it is to keep athletic interest in the school, not only alive and healthy, but sane and intelligent as well.

The Young Men's Christian Association was organized in the school three years ago, and has steadily gained in influence. During each year about one hundi'ed have been enrolled as active mmbers. Delegates have been sent each year to the western d southern encampments as well as to the meetings of the State /;sociation. Weekly devotional meetings are held for an hour 0^ Thursday evenings. Speakers with vision and message, both f)m within and without the school, then address the men and t up ideals of manliness and service.

Young Women'S Christian Association

The Young Women's Christian Association has been organd in the North Texas State Normal College for three years, is the largest student organization of the College, enrolling ['ing the past session over 460 members. The Young Women's

A^ociation employs a resident secretary, Miss Erma Appleby, w|o devotes her entire time to the welfare of the girls of the insitution. Miss Appleby is a graduate of the National Training Siiool for Secretaries, in New York City. The Association is o]^n to members of all churches, and offers associate membership tdthose who belong to no church at all. The aim of the Associa- 1 is to unite the young women of the institution in loyalty to J&us Christ, to serve as a connecting link between the students ail the local churches, and to help build up the social life of the itdents. The Association has a well furnished rest room in the 5Cj9nce Hall. This is open to the students at all times. Miss \pleby also has her office there. Weekly meetings are held on Widnesday evenings.

Adjustment Of Former Students To New Conditions

ADJUSTMENT OF FORMER STUDENTS TO NEW CONDITIONS Although the nomenclature of classes and courses of study e been changed within the past few years, former students have no difficulty in finding their proper places, when it mderstood that each class now, as heretofore, covers one ^qr's work.

Prior to 1911 the course consisted of three years' work, be that time four years have been required for graduation. Itfinning in September, 1917, an additional two years' course

Upon completion of the fourth year or Senior class of the Normal department, the student receives, as heretofore, a permanent certificate and diploma, and is enrolled as an alumnus of the school.

Graduates of the former "three-year course" are eligible to enter the fourth year or Senior Normal class; those having completed the second year at any time since the organization of the school are eligible to the present third year or Junior class, etc. Those having graduated in the four-year course are admitted to the fifth year (Junior College) class.

Students are not affected by the changes in the course as to subjects offered. No student in continuous attendance is required to do more units' work for completion of a particular class or for graduation than the number demanded at the time of his matriculation. A "credit" once recorded is never cancelled on account of additions or changes in a course.

Summary Of Students, Year Ending August 11, 1917

In 1891 Hon. A. J. Baker of San Angelo, introduced in the Texas House a bill similar to the one establishing the Mississippi Industrial Institute and College at Columbus, Mississippi. Senator Carter of Fort Worth introduced a similar bill in the Senate. Both failed. Senator William J. Bailey of Tarrant County, in 1897, introduced a bill similar to that of Senator Baker. This received favorable action by the Senate.

In 1897 Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard, State President of the Women's Christian Temperance Union of Texas, interviewed Mr. Baker about his bill, and, going to the office of the Secretary of State, studied Mr. Baker's bill.

The bill did not include all she felt justified in asking for the girls of Texas, so she added those sections which made the college unique among the women's colleges of the South and perhaps of the Nation. Besides the usual industrial requirements she added, "scientific and practical cooking including the chemical study of foods; also a knowledge of practical housekeeping; also a knowledge pf trained nursing and caring for the sick ; also a knowledge of the care and culture of children."

In order to gain the knowledge necessary to fit her to intelligently present the subject to audiences and in printed articles in the Texas press, Mrs. Stoddard visited Simmons College for Women, Boston, as well as schools for household arts in other cities, sparing no expense necessary to get the best information.

The bill, after causing a great amount of discussion in the Legislature of 1897 and in the state press, failed to carry in the House. Discussion was what was needed and immediately two factions arose in the State, one led by Mrs. Stoddard asking for a woman's college, the other demanding that the Agricultural and Mechanical College be opened to the girlhood of the State. Good came of all this discussion, since is showed the need of industrial education for the young womanhood of Texas.

President College Of Industrial Arts

was elected a member of the House. Mr, Sherrill promised to introduce the bill. To secure the necessary information, he corresponded with many colleges similar to the proposed institution.

When the Legislature opened, Judge Sherrill was elected speaker of the House, and so could not consistently introduce any bill. He introduced his colleague. Judge Grubbs, of Greenville, who consented to introduce the measure, so Mrs, Stoddard handed Judge Grubbs her bill and he introduced it at once. This bill was in the handwriting of Mrs. Stoddard and may be seen in the files of the Secretary of State. Mr. Grubbs became very enthusiastic over the bill and worked in season and out of season. He enlisted the interest of Mr, Sanger, of Dallas, who advanced three hundred dollars in bringing to Austin Professor Woodard, President of Washington University, St. Louis, and a large display of articles made by the students of Washington University. These articles were placed on exhibition in the Hall of Representatives the night of President Woodard's lecture, and, hanging from walls, and gallery, and grouped on tables about the lobby, they were inspected by legislators and visitors before and after the lecture. It was an illuminating way of explaining a greatly misunderstood measure.

Mrs, Dunklin, of Waco, representing the Texas Woman's Press Association, came to Austin and worked several days for the bill. Miss M. Eleanor Brackenridge of San Antonio established a practical cooking school in San Antonio, and placed domestic art in the schools. Sentiment grew apace. Mr. Grubbs succeeded in having the school made a platform demand in the Democratic party of 1900, and that insured its passage the next winter.

The bill was saved in the House by vote of the Speaker, and in the Senate by vote of the Lieutenant-Governor, The locating commission was a compromise to satisfy its many friends of many minds.

The act that created "the industrial institute and college for white girls of Texas" also provided for the creation of a commission to decide upon the location thereof. After the Governor lad announced this locating commission, consisting of one person :'rom each congressional district, the first meeting of the body was leld at Waco, October 1, 1901, with all of the members thereof Dresent as follows :

W. D. Cleveland of Houston, representing the First District ; Di'. J. B. Roberts of Woodville, representing the Second District ; Hon. R. T. Milner of Rusk, representing the Third District; J. H. Rowell, Sr., of Jefferson, representing the Fourth District; Hon. Rosser Thomas of Bonham, representing the Fifth District ; Hon. 3. B. Colquitt of Terrell, representing the Sixth District; Hon. W. H. Radney of Waco, representing the Seventh District; Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard of Fort Worth, representing the Eighth District; Col. A. P. Wooldridge of Austin, representing the Ninth District; Hon. John M. Moore of Richmond, representing the Tenth District; Hon. E. A. Atlee of Laredo, representing the Eleventh District ; Hon. George H. Pf euff er of San Antonio, representing the Twelfth District; J. E. Cooper of Colorado, representing the Thirteenth District.

The commission organized by the election of 0. B. Colquitt president, Col. A. P. Wooldridge, vice-president, and Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard, secretary. They appointed an itinerary of the State, to include all the towns and cities candidates for the location of the school, and it visited San Antonio, Austin, Taylor, College Station, Waco, Walnut Springs, Dublin, Hillsboro, Denton, A.marillo, Greenville, Terrell, Jefferson and Huntsville.

Denton, already recognizing from experience the advantages 3f having a State educational institution located within its limits, began to take steps to secure the College of Industrial Arts. With this in view, the citizens of Denton assembled in a mass meeting at which the Hon. R. Lee Ragsdale, former member of the Legislature, delivered an enthusiastic address. After a discussion of the subject, a committee consisting of twenty-one Denton citizens was appointed and given plenary powers to make plans to secure the College for Denton. The members of this committee were as follows : C. F. Witherspoon, president, J. C. Coit, secretary and treasurer, R. L. Ragsdale, E. C. Smith, J. P.

The committee adopted the plans proposed by Mr. John C. ]!oit, namely : to offer a cash bonus secured by the business men )f Denton, and to buy the site in Denton which the locating comnittee would choose. A bonus of $30; 000 was raised by individlal subscription, each subscriber agreeing to pay an amount ^qual to three times his city taxes for the preceding year, the )bligations to be binding only in case one-half the property in ;he city was represented on the subscription list, and no money vas to be collected in case the College should fail to be located in 3enton. The College locating commission after a careful tour )f the State, met at Austm on January 3, 1902, and, after a long iC3s'on. finally chose from among the various competitive offers, ;he town of Denton as the place best fulfilling the required onditions. From the several sites offered by Denton, the comittee chose a seventy-three acre plot occupying the summit and entle slopes of an elevation in the northeastern part of town, he bonus of $30,000 was contributed promptly and all obligaions met in full, including the boring of an artesian well on the pollege campus. These grounds are sufficiently elevated to overlook the town and surrounding country and furnish one of the nost nearly ideal locations for a college that could be found in e entire country.

Governor Sayers then announced the Board of Regents for jhe institution as follows : Col. A. P. Wooldridge of Austin, Miss L Eleanor Brackenridge of San Antonio, Mrs. Helen M. Stodard of Fort Worth, Mrs. Cone Johnson of Tyler, John A. Hann f Denton, Rosser Thomas of Bonham, and Clarence Ousley of louston. Of the Board, Colonel Woolridge was elected presient; Miss Brackenridge, vice-president; Mrs. Stoddard, secreary; and Mr. Hann, treasurer.

building, and work was begun about the first of September, 1902, he contract calhng for its completion in eight months from date -f contract. The contract cost of the building is $45,462.

The following excerpt from the Dallas News, January 10, .902, is of interest as affording contemporary account of the leremony of the laying of the corner stone of the first of the colege buildings, and in giving further details of the history of the ocation of the Cohere at Denton :

"Denton, Texas, January 10. - Notwithstanding the unpleasmt drizzle of rain which has been falling all day, the laying of the ;orner stone and the dedication of the building of the Girls' Inlustrial School was solemnized here today in the presence of a arge crowd of zealous and interested spectators and citizens, rhe corner stone ceremonies alone were held at the site of the )uilding, the different addresses being delivered at the opera louse on account of the inclement weather. The affair was mder the auspices of the local Masonic lodge, assisted by representative Masons from Fort Worth and Pilot Point.

"The Normal and John B. Denton College were dismissed md most of the business houses closed their doors for the occaiion. About 1 :30 o'clock in the afternoon the Masonic profession, preceded by the local band, and followed by a long line )f people in carriages and afoot, was conducted by Masonic :}rand Marshal P: C. Withers to the site of the building on Collins Hill, in the northeast part of the city. There were probably 2,000 people accompanying the procession, and on the grounds 5,000 more awaited the arrival of the Masons.

"At two o'clock the ceremonies were begun by Grand Master William James of Fort Worth. The invocation was asked by Elder S. K. Hallam, and the customary corner stone exercises of the Masonic lodge were conducted by the Grand Master, with the assistance of the following Masonic officers : Deputy Grand Master T. C. Edgell, Fort Worth; Senior Grand Warden A. F. Campbell, Dallas; Junior Grand Warden S. M. Bradley, Denton; Grand Secretary E. F. Bates, Denton; Grand Treasurer T. N.

S. M. Bradley. In his speech he eulogized the early statesf Texas whereby their legislation made the prosperity of u r education possible and secured for the State her excellent ( a of public free schools ; paid high tributes to the Board of 4ts and the Womens' Federated Clubs, in welcoming the udge Bradley introduced Hon. A. P. Wooldridge of Austin, ^i ;nt of the Board of Regents, who responded in behalf of I ter and in an eloquent manner gave a detailed account of p )gress of the idea of industrial education from its first def-

J. Baker into the lower house of the Twenty-second Legisin 1901, of a bill calling for the establishing of an indushool for girls ; on the agitation of the idea by Senator H. W. Mrs. Stoddard, the Women's Federated Clubs and Judge and to the occasion of today, which so clearly marks the nihal progress of the cause of industrial education. He

Stoddard Hall

Irs. Pennybacker presented to the audience a gallery of wordictures. Mrs. Pennybacker was followed by Mrs. Cone Johnson of 'yler and Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard of Fort Worth, both regents, ^ho delivered short addresses along the line of industrial educa- Lon, highly appropriate to this occasion.

"Prof. Cree T. Work, president of the school, was then inroduced by Mr. Ousley, and in a short speech he recited the puroses of the school and, as a recent Californian, complimented 'exas upon the rapid and renowned strides she has made along ducational lines. At the conclusion of Mr. Work's speech, Dr. i. L. Hogue of this city pronounced the benediction and dislissed the audience.

"After the ceremonies were concluded the local club women 3ndered a reception to the visiting guests at the Elks' Club ooms from four to six o'clock. The Board of Regents held a busiess meeting tonight and many matters of interest pertaining to fie management, curriculum and faculty of the school were disosed of."

Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard'S Speech

MRS. HELEN M. STODDARD'S SPEECH The world is full of visions, and a vision ever precedes a Lilfilment. The other day I spent an hour in the office of the ecretary of State in Austin following up a vision. Perhaps there 5 no place in the State where so many fleeting visions can be ighted as in the archives of this same office. Visions, hopes, reams, folded up in yellow packets, and carefully laid away in les. But the particular vision I was pursuing hardly remains a ision any longer since we stand today upon the sight of its lessed fulfilment.

In those yellow files I found recorded the names of a royal ne of legislators whose souls had caught a vision of this day. 'hese ceremonies, this rejoicing people, this building, and all the lorious possibilities for which these things stand - and were not isobedient to the heavenly vision, but wrought on through good nd evil report that this day and all it stands for, might live* lollege, established in his native State, Mississippi. In the 'wenty-seeond Legislature, in 1891, he introduced a bill in the [ouse to establish a girls' industrial college in Texas.

In the same session and about the same time Senator Carter, dth like insight, introduced a similar bill in the Senate. Prof essr Alex Hogg had meanwhile written upon the needs of such an istitution for the young womanhood of the State. Others took p the pen, scattering the seeds of industrial education for the irlhood of the State. Then arose conflicting ideals as to how tils industrial education might best be given.

Some argued sincerely that it was best to throw open the oors of the Agricultural and Mechanical College to the young /'omen, while the majority just as earnestly advanced reasons ^hy the young women should have an independent institution. In bJs wide discussion many pens and voices were busy during the -^hole ten years of agitation. The conflicting methods and plans '^ere thoroughly ventilated and the people listened and formed tieir preferences and opinions.

In the Twenty-fifth Legislature Senator Bailey consented 3 introduce a bill similar to the former bills. It passed the enate but failed in the House, partly because of the cry of "Econmy! Hard times!" and partly because of the adverse influences f those holding opposite opinions.

In the Twenty-sixth Legislature Judge V. W. Grubbs acceptd the trust confided to him by the Women's Christian Tempernce Union, the largest organization of women in the State, and worked with unfailing enthusiasm. The vision he caught led im to count few things as too great to sacrifice, if only this reat undertaking could be accomplished. The bill failed of assage again, but sentiment was spreading more rapidly still.

During the following year Judge Grubbs worked in season nd out of season. He sought the endorsement of many assoiations, the most important being the adoption of a plank in he platform of the Democratic party in 1900. This plank comlitted the party to the passage of the bill establishing the College.

In the Twenty-seventh Legislature the bill was introduced ti the Senate by Messrs. Miller and Harris of Hunt County, and 1 the House by Messrs. Mulkey and Pierson, also of Hunt Coun- Through all the years the Hunt County legislators have been ery clear in their conviction upon this measure. These gentlelen worked loyally and faithfully until its final passage. It is iteresting to note that in this Legislature the bill was saved rom defeat in both House and Senate by the vote of the preiding officers.

In its journey through these various legislatures the bill sceived amendments to meet the ideas of our people, and yet le bill that passed differs immaterially from the measure introuced a decade ago. Time would fail me to tell of the addresses, le articles for the friendly press, the legislative committee idresses, the personal interviews with legislators, the letters tid petitions sent in from all parts of the State, necessary to scomplish the passage of this bill.

Laws are not enacted by observation, but by hard, persistent [ork, and only those who labored during these years of camaign can fully appreciate this significant meeting today. |he vision seen from afar by this royal line of toilers is now ;suming the distinctness of the blessed reality. Our first lilding is rising, our new president is here, and in a few short onths the footsteps of the young womanhood of this State lall climb this beautiful hill and in these halls seek a better -eparation for life.

The vision is becoming a reality. But the completed vision - )w may words tell it? When future homes shall receive the ' 3men fully fitted for life, women economically independent, )men endowed with self-reliance, women with decision of charter, women with firmness of principle, found only in those assessing the three-fold education of the head, the heart, the ,nd - what shall it signify?

pie, broad, and varied provisions of this comprehensive law will make it possible to teach the woman of tomorrow how to build and maintain the home, and how to provide for and care for the body, and make it a fit habitation for a developed soul.

Not only is this to be true of the girl as an individual but in a far wider sense will this be true. "When we educate a boy, we educate an individual only. When we educate a girl, we educate a whole family."

And when that vision, seen from afar, though hardly comprehended, shall become a blessed reality, can even we who stand at the beginning of its fulfilment understand - can we see what it will mean to our people to have woman, the life-giver, woman, the mother, fitted thoroughly for her noble profession in life?

Surely the consummation is too glorious for our unrestrained eyes to behold with understanding, but a blessed and enlightened humanity shall see it - shall understand it - aye, shall live it!

[This speech was made January 10, 1903, on the occasion of the laying of the corner stone of the College of Industrial Arts, and is reproduced from To the Noon Rest, a work containing "the life, work, and addresses of Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard," from the pen of Miss Fanny L. Armstrong.]

Development Of The College Of Industrial Aris

The College formally opened its doors to receive students on September 23, 1903, in what is now the central part of the large and imposing Administration F>uilding. There then followed a true pioneer period - a period fraught with many obstacles and difi'iculties, but rich in loyalty and steadfastedness of purpose. A small group of fourteen instructors eager to teach, a small student body of 186 members, eager to be taught, made up the group that was to begin the actual work of the great experiment of collegiate industrial training for women in Texas. They had then as now, one definite purpose in mind, namely, to plan and carry on the work in such a manner as to fit the women of Texas in a practical way for the various responsibilities of life. Absolute and well-founded faith in the ultimate success of the plan, w as the one greatest element of inspiration lor both faculty members and students, biinging forth their untiring and welldirected energy in laying the foundations foi- the high standards that have since been attained.

During the first year there were few houses and no sidewalks in the part of the town where the College is located. The greatei" part of the students and faculty members lived in private homes remote from the CoUere and, in absence of street cars, walked from one-half mile to two miles to work; and incidentally it might be added that the rainfall during that winter was the heaviest that Denton had hr.d in sixteen successive years. It may also be stated that the entire college plant consisted of a small greenhouse and the unfiiiished central portion of one building in which the sounds of the carpenters' saws and hammers continued for more than half a year. But to those pioneer spirits, the obstacles, great as they were, served more as incentives to greater effort than as retarding force to smaller effort, so that it may be said that they succeeded both because of, and in spite of, material hindrances. The strong bonds of love and loyalty forged from the common endura^^.ce of, and common victory over, such hardships, created a wo iderful force in the outgoing alumnae group, whose influence was one of the most potent elements in the subsequent growth of the College.

Much encouragement was derived from the enthusiastic cooperation and unfailing interest shown by the citizens of Denton. Their first-hand knowledge of the work undertaken by the College made it possible for them to recognize its value in the great educational system of the State, and to contribue directly to its upbuilding. Many erroneous ideas existed as to just what the College was. Evidence of this is found when one, in reading through an early publication of the College, discovers the following sentence under the heading of "Concise Information" : "This is not an oi-phanage, a hospital, an asylum, or a reformatory."

Much was done by the various women's organizations of the State and by individual interest and effort, in informing the Texas public of the work and the purposes of the College and in creating sentiment for the educative and cultural value of industrial training. Especial mention should be made of the valuable service of this kind which was rendered by Miss M. Eleanor Brackenridge of San Antonio, Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard of Fort Worth, Mrs. Cone Johnson of Tyler and Mrs. Percy V. Pennybacker.

The College during its existance has had three presidents, Cree T. Work, 1902 to 1910; W. B. Bizzell, 1910 to 1914; and F. M. Bralley, the present president, all of whom have concen^ trated their best efforts on the promotion of the great cause of industrial education.

With the pioneer period of the College passed, the growth has been nothing less than phenomenal. In the matter of enrollment, for example, the increase in the number of new students has exceeded for the past several years that of any college or university in the State of Texas; where in 1910-11 257 students were registered, in 1916-17 1,057 young women were receiving training at C. I. A.

The faculty has grown to meet the need of the increasing student body. From the small group of fourteen members, it now numbers seventy-five college and university trained men and women actually engaged in instructional work, and exclusive of officers of administration and student assistants.

It is not difficult to find a reason for this extraordinary expansion. The Commonwealth of Texas has begun to realize what a collegiate industrial education means to the homes and to the lives of its entire citizenship. It is believed, and is coming to be more and more realized, that a right combination of literary and industrial training yields far more efficiency than either kind of training taken alone. Such composite training modified and adapted to the present needs of women, enables them to cope with the manifold varieties of problems that real life will present to them. When to this is added the consideration that, in its recent changes in curriculum, the College of Industrial Arts has so standardized its requirements for diplomas and degrees as to secure its rank as a college of the first class, one realizes

Books Are Among The Tools At C. I. A.

On the material side, as to building and equipment, the College has grown from the small greenhouse and one unfinished instructional building mentioned above and valued at about ^60,000.00 to include at present, ten large, substantial buildings, residential and instructional, valued at approximately $600,000, while appropriations for two new $140,000 fireproof dormitories, a $10,000 greenhouse, $20,000 power plant addition, $11,000 laundry addition with $6,000 for equipment, $5,000 tdairy- and stock barn, $2,500 incinerator, and a second Demonstration Cottage to be erected and equipped at a cost of $5,500 were allowed by the Thirty-fifth legislature. The principal buildings mentioned in- :;lude the Administration Building, a handsome brick and stone edifice set upon the hill which rises from the campus, the Household Arts Building, Stoddard, Brackenridge, and Lowry Halls, the three big State dormitories, Methodist Dormitory, a beautiful ivy-covered brick and stone structure across the street from the campus proper, Oakland Hall, Hygeia Hall (the College hospital) the Music Building, gymnasium, laundry building, the greenhouses, and the President's home.

The College grounds have been improved so as to include a beautiful twenty-five acre, oak-shaded park forming the approach to the main group of buildings, grounds for various out-door 3ports and athletics, experimental orchard and gardens, and a pasture for the College dairy herd.

The College of Industrial Arts offers six different four-year courses of study leading to the bachelor's degree. They are as follows : Household Arts, Fine and Applied Arts, Literary, Manual Arts, Rural Arts and Sciences, and Music. A three-year course also is offered in each of these departments, and also in the department of Expression, while the Public School Music course and the Kindergarten Training School course each- covers two years of work. ' .

Courses and the Vocational Courses. These courses meet the demand that comes from mature, serious-minded women who have found it impossible or inconvenient to take the rejrular college work; and also for high school and colleg:e graduates, or those of e(iual ability, who have not had the opportunity to pursue this kind of work in their own schools.

The College maintains also a Prepai'atory School consisting of two years of work. This is aimed especially for the young women of the State who live in small towns or rural communities who cannot receive the desired academic or industrial training in their home schools necessary to enter the College.

Various worth-while social and educational activities are directed and taken part in by the student body of the College of Industrial Ails. Three splendid student publications. The La,ss-0, the first girls' college weekly newspaper published in the South, the Diedulian Qimrterly, a literary magazine, and the Dicdalian Annval, the students' year book, arc got out by the literary students, those holding journalistic positions or being otherwise journalistically inclined forming the membership of the College Press Club. The Press Club is a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Press Associat'on. and is the College organization membership in which is dependent upon the student's literary and English work. There are two literary clubs, the M. Eleanor Bn.ckenrid.re Club, named in honor of one of the distinguished patronesses of the College, a member of the Board of Regents since its first year, and the Chaparral Club. The students also have a flourishing Y. W. C. A. organization in the College each year, with a resident College Y. W. C. A. secretary. This organization is doing a splendid work in maintaining a proper religious atmosphere, and has, besides various impromptu social gatherings during the school year, several annual entertainments in which the town people are invited to take part each year. The music students and those among the student body interested in music maintain the College Choral Club, art students are members of the Art Club, farm girls and those interested in rural activities are members of the Farm Girls' Council, one of the largrest orgranizations at the Colleg-e, while the students in jareneiai comprise memberships of the various county clubs oiganized at the first of each year.

Wholesome recreative pastimes and various ways of securing healthful enjoyment and entertainment are generously provided within the College group. Besides the usual excursions and social affairs, out-door sports, tennis, basketball, tether tennis, track work, field-day exercises, all add vigor and zest to the college life and stimulate strong but friendly rivalry. Faculty athletic directors have charge of the organizations of various athletic clubs, and other activities are supervised by them. Also in the interest of the girls' health, the College has a resident woman physician and nurse whose services are free in case of illness. The College Physician also teaches home nursing and physiology.

The best opportunities are provided for the enjoyment of first-class entertainments given by noted musicians, authors, readers, lecturers and dramatic companies, as well as for entertainments by artists of local standing. The Artists' Course provided by the College for the students and the people of Denton has brought to the College Rudolph Ganz, Oscar Seagle, the Philharmonic Orchestra of New York (directed by Josef Stransky) , the St. Louis Philharmonic Orchestra, S. H. Clark, William J. Bryan, Jacob Riis, the Devereux Players, the Zoellner Quartette, Giovanni Martinelli, May Peterson, Christine IMiller, and others of equal rank.

The Music Festival held in May of each year, and the Shakespearian pageant given during commencement week, in each of which several hundred students take part, are features of the year's entertainments that are anticipated with much pleasure by the people of Denton as well as the students of the College.

In addition to its intra-muial training, the College has a strong department of Extension which is constantly enlarging its field of work. The work of the department of Extension is carried on, in general, through the medium of short, practical courses, educational exhibits, lectures, demonstrations, bulletins, and direct correspondence, and therefore reaches thousands of

The College of Industrial Arts, with its thousand happylearted, self -controlled, serious-working students, and its large, A^ell-trained faculty, has added much to the well-being of Denton md the town has given much to the College. A spirit of mutual ippreciation and cordiality exists between town and college, and :he town has cause to be proud of its own foresight and welliirected plans when it made the college locating commission the nost attractive offer of all the Texas towns bidding for the honor Df securing the College of Industrial Arts.

Mrs. Stoddard And The C. I. A.

In recording the history of the College of Industrial Arts, and of the ten years of campaign preceding its establishment, Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard, for several years president of the Texas W. C. T. U., has carefully refrained from revealing the part performed by herself, being so happily contented with the achievement of the victory. Here was a wonderful vision of the present and future needs of womankind. She devoted her time and energies to the accomplishment of her great purposes. Her vision was clear, reasonable, and full of blessings to her sex in particular, and to humanity in general.

Not only could Mrs. Stoddard see and understand the future, but she had the constructive ability to plan and direct for the best. No matter how much she may try to remain in the background of this institution, happy in the consciousness of her instrumentality in raising multitudes of her sex from darkness and drudgery to a higher and better life, she cannot be thus hidden from the historian nor long veiled from an appreciative public. When the glories of this magnificient institution, just now in the bud, shall blossom forth, in full splendor, Mrs. Stoddard's handwriting shall be seen upon the wall.

The bill creating the College of Industrial Arts is in her handv/riting. Although originally drawn by Colonel Baker in 1891, she came to his rescue - no, came to aid in the rescue of her people. In her honor, Stoddard Hall was named by the State.

The following extracts are made from the addresses deliverel by Mrs. Stoddard. The complete addresses may be found in To tlic Noon Rest, by Miss Fanny L. Armstrong:

"For generations we have had for our motto: 'Save the boys,' In view of the suffering that comes to the wife of a drunkard and the misery that comes to the mother of children deficient in nerve-power and moral calibre, we should add to our motto 'Save the girls.' "

"To Governor Joseph D. Sayers belongs the distinction of being just enough to interpret the word 'persons' in the bill to mean woman as well as man. He has also shown his honest thought, and an appreciation of his century by appointing three women upon the Board of Regents of the new college."

"Whatever turn our women may take as to industry, through whatever trade or profession she may choose to express herself, it can never make anything of a woman, but a woman still. As each new function is developed, as her intelligence increases, her distinctive feminine qualities increase, and the outcome will be a grander being to mother a greatly developed human race. Hitherto we have imagined that a more or less defined 'instinct' would see her through, but more and more we see our mistakes and now we are amazed that we could have deemed ourselves reasoning beings, and have felt so little interest in the most stupendous question of the age - motherhood."