Sauk County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1918 (part 9 of 20)

The Altpeter family have been identified with Sauk County siace pioneer times. Mr. Oscar Altpeter was born in Baraboo November 12, 1873, son of August and Catherine (Holtzinger) Altpeter, both natives of Germany. John Holtzinger, father of Catherine, came from Germany to Sauk County in very early times. John Holtzinger was a mason by trade and did much of the work along that line in the early days of Baraboo. He also owned and operated a farm, and both he and his wife died in Baraboo. They had a large family of children. August Altpeter came to America with his brother Philip, who afterwards located in Milwaukee, and they were the only members of their family to become Americans. August arrived at Milwaukee in 1851 and in 1853 came to Baraboo, A cooper by trade, he established himself in business there and continued his work almost uninterruptedly until his death in August, 1916, at the age of eighty years. His first wife, the mother of Oscar Altpeter, died in 1881. She was the mother of the following children: Emma and Ida, both deceased ; Fred ; Mary ; George ; Oscar, and Alvina. August Altpeter married for his second wife, Mrs. Bingie, whose maiden - name was Huber. To that marriage were born two more children, Aug-

In the city where he was born Oscar Altpeter spent his youthful days, attended the public schools, and was only eleven years of age when he began earning his own living. Even as a boy he worked in bottling works, and acquired an experience which meant more than capital when he embarked in business for himself in 1897. He has gradually developed a firm second in importance to none in Sauk County, and his plant, representing a large investment of capital and equipped with all the latest appliances, is at 217-219 Maple Street.

Mr. Altpeter is a democrat in politics. For the past eleven years he has filled the office of alderman from the Third Ward and is one of the most efficient of the city 's governing officers. He is affiliated with Baraboo Lodge No, 34, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons ; Baraboo Chapter No. 49, Royal Arch Masons ; Baraboo Commandery No. 28, Knights Templar ; with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks ; the Woodmen of the World ; and the Knights of the Maccabees at Madison.

Mr. Altpeter has one of the comfortable homes of Baraboo, located at 127 Maple Street. He was married in 1907 to Miss Julia Weidenkopf, a native of Sauk County and a daughter of John Weidenkopf, a pioneer of this section of Wisconsin. John Weidenkopf fought with the American armies in the Mexican war and the land warrant granted him for his services he used to secure Government land in Sauk County. Mr. and Mrs. Altpeter have two children : Roger, born February 26, 1909 ; and Roland, born February 21, 1910.

CoRwiN HiRSCHiNGER is the possessor and occupant of the farm which has been in the family possession since pioneer times. That farm is located in Baraboo Township and Mr. Hirschinger is utilizing its fertility and resources as a general farm enterprise, and he is also a wellknown fruit grower.

He was born at Baraboo City in Sauk County November 7, 1865. The farm he now occupies was the place originally settled upon by his grandfather, Michael Hirschinger. Michael Hirschinger was born in Germany in 1783 and married there Selma Beyx, who was born in 1797. Michael Hirschinger saw active service as a solider during the Napoleonic wars in Europe. In 1832 he left Germany, bringing his family to America, and they were thirteen weeks on one of the old sailing vessels that crossed the ocean. He first located at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, subsequently lived in Ohio, and in 1847 came to Sauk County. That was a year before Wisconsin was admitted as a state and only a few clearings had been made here and there as evidence of the presence of white men in this county. Michael Hirschinger had bought a land warrant, and first used it to acquire 160 acres on the present site of Baraboo. He gave up that and located another place in section 8 of Baraboo Township, where he had 120 acres. He did much development work on this land and lived there until his death in 1857. His widow survived him until 1881. They had five children: Frederick, Saloma, Michael, Jr., Jacob, all deceased, and Charles, who is still living at Baraboo.

Hirschinger, both of whom were also born in Germany, but were married in Sauk County. The father was born in 1825 and the mother in 1843. For twenty years Michael Hirsehinger, Jr., was in the feed business at Baraboo, and subsequently bought a farm near the county seat, consisting of fifty acres, but after a few years sold that and moved to the south side of Baraboo, where he had about sixteen acres within the corporation limits. There he lived in comfort and ease until his death in July, 1901. His widow is still living and makes her home with her daughter Mrs. Edward Roser in Baraboo. There were just two children, Corwin and Cora, wife of Mr. Roser.

In 1906 Corwin Hirsehinger bought from his uncle, Charles Hirsehinger, the original Michael Hirsehinger homestead. Seventy years have witnessed many changes in that land since it was first acquired by the family. He has a large orchard. Mr. Hirsehinger makes something of a specialty of fruit growing and also raises the staple crops and some livestock. Politically he is a republican and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

In 1892 he married Miss Anna Luebke, of Greenfield, Sauk County, a daughter of Frederick Luebke, of Baraboo. Mr. and Mrs. Hirsehinger have four children, all living, their names being Robert, Gertrude, Carl and Philip.

L. J. Steubeb, D. V. S. That most useful of all quadrupeds, the horse, has a humane and skillful overseer of its welfare in the person of Dr. L. J. Steuber, who has been engaged in the practice of veterinary medicine and surgery at Prairie du Sac since shortly after his graduation from the McKillip Veterinary College in 1914. Doctor Steuber has been engaged in a variety of vocations during his career, and first became interested in his present profession while following agricultural pursuits in Sauk County. He has already made marked advancement in his choseii occupation and the scope of his practice is enlarging daily.

L. J. Steuber was born on a farm in Sauk County, "Wisconsin, in 1877, being a son of Kasper and Charlotta (Schulte) Steuber, natives of Germany. Kasper Steuber was educated in his native land, and as a youth learned the trade of mason stonecutter, an occupation which had come to be known as a family vocation, his father and grandfather having followed it before him. He was employed at his trade in Germany, but felt that he eould better himself in the United States, and at the age of thirty years came to this country and located at Prairie du Sac. At that time this little city was enjoying an era of building activity and the skilled young workman found plenty of employment for his ability, many of the old stone buildings here still standing as monuments to his skill and good workmanship. Later he went to Middletown, from whence he removed to a farm eight miles west, in the Township of Honey Creek, but while he lived on that property for sixteen years he continued to work at his trade and had his stalwart sons conduct the operations of the farm. At the end of the period mentioned he moved back to Prairie du Sac, where he resided until his death in 1903. Mr. Steuber was a member of the Lutheran Church and a man who was always held in the highest esteem. He reared his children to lives of industry and honesty and lived to see them all well established, honored members of their several communities and credits to their rearing and to the honorable name they bore. Charlotta (Schulte) Steuber was fifteen years of age when she came to the United States with her parents, Mr, and Mrs. Carl Schulte. The family first settled at Middietown, between Sauk City and Prairie du Sac, subsequently moved to the latter point, and then went to Honey Creek Township, and still later to the Township of "Westfield, where Mr. Schulte engaged in farming. After the death of Mrs. Schulte the father went to live with his son at Ableman, at whose home his demise occurred. Mrs. Steuber lived for two years at Prairie du Sac prior to her marriage with Mr. Steuber, by whom she had ten children, as follows: William F., a bricklayer at Madison, Wisconsin, who married Louisa Wintemantl ; Mary, who is the wife of John Wareham, of Baraboo; John, manager of the silk department for a wholesale house at Superior, Wisconsin, who married Mamie Dwyer ; Lena, who is the wife of Henry Rischmueller, a farmer of Honey Creek Township; Charles, who married Minnie Schellenberger and lives on the old homestead in the Township of Honey Creek; Minnie, who married Fred Schellenger and after his death, Charles Miller, and now lives in Sumpter Township, where Mr. Miller is engaged in farming; Emma, who is the wife of Ernest Fisher, a druggist at Baraboo ; Ida, who is the wife of John J. Gasser, a farmer of Honey Creek Township ; Fred J., professor of German in a college at St. Louis, Missouri, who married Jennette Blanchard ; and Dr. L. J., of this notice.

L. J. Steuber grew up on his father's farm, on which he remained until he was fifteen years old, in the meantime securing his early education in the public schools of the country district. He next attended high school, and when he had completed his course began teaching school in the country, a vocation which he followed for three years. The next eight years of his career were identified with the creamery business, and he then returned to farming in the Township of West Point. It was during the five years that he was thus engaged that he became seriouslj'' interested in the work which he has since made his life's occupation. After some preliminary study and observation he went to Chicago, where he enrolled as a student at the noted McKillip Veterinary College, and was duly graduated therefrom in the spring of 1914. His practice was commenced at Baraboo, but after several months he came to Prairie du Sac, where he has since built up an excellent professional business in the treatment of all kinds of animal diseases. In his specialty he has been quite successful, and his ability and skill are generally recognized in the vicinity of his home and the surrounding territory.

Doctor Steuber was married in 1899 to Miss Lois Drew, and they are the parents of one son, Lawrence H., born in 1901, who is attending school at Prairie du Sac. Doctor Steuber is a member of the Woodmen, the Masons, the Beavers, the Eastern Star and the Alpha Sigma Society, and he and Mrs. Steuber belong to the Lutheran Church.

John Egerer. The practice of business farming is being more widely applied and adapted every year, and Sauk County has a considerable number of men who may properly be called business farmers in the strictest sense of that phrase. Among them is Mr. John Egerer of Freedom Township. A few years ago he took his son into partnership, and they now conduct their operations under the firm title of John Egerer & Son. The father learned farming by experience and long continued years of work and observation combined, while the son is what many call a scientific agriculturist in the sense that he received a thorough technical training in addition to the practice he acquired on the home farm. Together they are making a striking success as general farmers and are also extensively known as breeders of high grade Holstein cattle and Hampshire swine.

The farm where they conduct operations has been in the Egerer family for a great many years. It was the birthplace of Mr. John Egerer, who first saw the light of day in Freedom Township March 12, 1860. The farm is owned by Mr. John Egerer and his brother William, under the name Egerer Brothers, but the personal property and the equipment of the farm, including livestock, are owned by John Egerer & Son.

Mr. John Egerer is a son of John and Mary (Werthmer) Egerer, both of whom were natives of Germany, the father born in 1824 and the mother in 1826. John Egerer, Sr., was a son of George Egerer, who came to Sauk County about 1857. The grandmother died here in 1860 and he passed away about 1870, when eighty years of age. In the family of George Egerer and wife were the following children : Peter, Lizzie, George, John and Adam.

John Egerer, Sr., came to America when a young man, located in Ohio in 1848, married there, and in 1854 brought his wife to Sauk County. Here he bought forty acres near where his son John now lives, subsequently acquired another forty acres, including the present homestead buildings, the first forty having been purchased from George Merton, the second forty from John Dickey and subsequently another forty from Mr. Hawk of Chicago. The last forty acres, making a total of a quarter section, was acquired from William Ode. On this farm John Egerer, Sr., lived until 1891, when he retired to a town home at Baraboo and died there after a long and useful career in 1904. His widow survived until 1912. John Egerer, Sr., was a democrat and an active member of the Lutheran Church. He and his wife had seven children : Barbara, deceased ; Annie, John, Paulina, William, Gussie and Joseph.

John Egerer, Jr., grew up on the farm where he now lives and benefited by more or less regular attendance at the local schools. He learned farming during his youth and for many years he and his brother have owned the old homestead of 160 abres. This does not complete the total of their landed possessions, and they have a farm of 195 acres in another portion of Freedom Township and own 240 acres in Forest County, Wisconsin.

Mr. John Egerer is a democrat in polities and is now serving as school director and as road commissioner. He is active in the Lutheran Church at North Freedom.

In 1892 he married Miss Mollie Armbruster, who was born in Freedom Township of Sauk County August 26, 1869, a daughter of John and Louisa Armbruster. Her parents were early settlers in Sauk County. Her father was a veteran of the Civil war and died in 1905, while her widowed mother is now living at North Freedom. Mr. and Mrs. John Egerer have seven children : Obert John, Clarence, Alma, Chester, Deane, LaFollette and Marie. All the children are still living and make an effective group of young and vigorous Americans. The son, Obert John, was educated at North Freedom, in 'the Baraboo Business College, and has brought to the firm of John Egerer and Son the valuable qualifications of youth, agricultural enthusiasm and an ambition for success which has already realized him a position among the most progressive young farmers of the county.

Rodney H. True was born in Baraboo, Wisconsin, October 14, 1866, son of John M. and Annie B. True. He was educated in the schools of Baraboo and the University of Wisconsin, graduating in 1890 in the general science course. He received the degree of M. S. in 1892 and the Ph. D. degree at Leipsig, Germany, in 1895. He married Katharine McArrey, Windsor, Missouri, in 1896. He was assistant professor of pharmacognosy. University of Wisconsin, 1896-99, lectured on botany at Harvard University, 1900-01, and has been physiologist in the United States Department of Agriculture since 1901. He is a member of the Botanical Society of America and Botanical and Biological societies at Washington. Mr. True has contributed papers on original research to botanical and other scientific journals and is the author of Government scientific bulletins.

Edward L. Luckov^ was born in Washington County, this state, April 27, 1866, and came to Baraboo in 1886. In 1895 he purchased the Sauk County Democrat which he edited until 1913, when he was appointed auditor of the Navy Department at Washington by President Wilson. He is now in Washington. During his residence in Baraboo he served the city as mayor and was active in municipal affairs. In 1915 he sold the Democrat to R. J. Osborne.

Robert J. Buerki. A conspicuous factor in the business life of Sauk City for many years has been Robert J. Buerki, who is still active as a merchant and has an honorable record of more than a quarter of a century by which his standing in the community can be judged. Mr. Buerki is a forceful and enterprising man, and has proved his ability not only in the conduct of his private affairs but also in the management of large and important public interests.

Mr. Buerki was born in Sauk County in 1860, a son of John and Amelia (Stadelmann) Buerki. His father was born in Switzerland in 1830. His mother was born in ^Germany in 1836. Coming to America in 1854, John Buerki traveled about over the country for a couple of years, but in 1856 located at Sauk City. He was a shoemaker by trade, having learned that vocation in Germany. Taking up his trade at Sauk City he was a steady workman in that line and provided for his home and family by his occupation, which he followed until about a year before his death in 1888. He was married March 28, 1857, to Miss Amelia Stadelmann, and they became the parents of eight children, four sons and four daughters. John Buerki was village treasurer of Sauk City for several years, was affiliated with the Ancient Order of United Workmen and a member of the German Reformed Church, Of the children, the oldest, Matilda, who died in 1909, became the wife of Rev. Mr. Grueningen, who was for thirty-five years a minister of the Reformed Church at Sauk City. Rev. Mr. Grueningen died in, 1911. They had two children, Paul and Rebecca. The second child of the parents is Robert J. Buerki. Otto is a resident of Madison, but is engaged in a sanitarium at Waukesha. He has three sons, Robin, Glen and Frederick, all living. Emelia is the wife of August Becker, of Sauk City, a photographer, and they have three children, Richard, Alma and Oscar. John is the active head of the State Bank of Sauk City and married Pauline Kuoni. Salina is the wife of Joseph Clement, a carpenter living in Sauk City. Albertine is the wife of Louis P. Back, of Sauk City, and their children are Otto, Paula, Rowland and Marcus. Oscar, the youngest of the children, is associated with his brother John in the banking business, and by his inarriage to Lavona Herring has a daughter Helen.

Robert J. Buerki grew up in Sauk City, attended the public schools, and when a boy of fifteen gained his first business experience as clerk in a store. He continued working for other merchants until he was thirty years of age. Then, in 1890, he entered business for himself under the name Buerki & Becker. His partner was his brother-in-law, August Becker. Mr. Buerki handled the general retail merchandise end of the business while Mr. Becker, a professional photographer, looked after the photograph gallery. In 1905 Mr. Buerki bought the interest of his partner, and has since conducted the entire store, his son Armin being now associated with him. Mr. Buerki has one of the leading stores in Sauk City and his prosperity has been well earned. For the past twenty years he has also served as a director and secretary of the Sauk City Canning and Packing Company, and is director of the State Bank.

At the age of twenty-four Mr. Buerki married Miss Augusta Kahn, a daughter of Andrew and Sophie (Froehlich) Kahn. Her father was born in Germany. Her mother was one of the first white children born in Dane County. Mrs. Buerki 's grandmother came to this country from Hamburg, Germany, while her grandfather was from Bavaria, Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Buerki had two children : Armin, now the business associate of his father, married Emma Lemm, daughter of Kasper Lemm, and their two children are Robert, aged five years, and Frederick, aged two. Edgar, the second child, died in 1909, when nineteen years of age.

Mr. Buerki was actively identified with the Ancient Order of United Workmen until that organization dissolved. For about eight years he was a member of the village board, serving consecutively, and was for twenty-four years in succession a member of the school board. He has for the past twelve years been a member of the County Board of Supervisors. Much of his time and constructive efforts have been given to the benefit Of the local schools. In 1891 he was a member of the Board and Building Committee which erected the first high school at Sauk City. Then, in 1916, he was chosen by popular vote as chairman of the building committee for the erection of the handsome new high school which was completed In that year, just a quarter of a century after the first high school was erected. For thirty years Mr. Buerki has been secretary of the Reformed Church and was chairman of the building committee when the new church edifice was constructed in 1913. He and his family are all active members of that church. Mr. Buerki in political allegiance has made his judgment direct his choice rather than a blind partisanship, and has always voted for the best man.

Edwin Steidtmann. Many of the men who owe their early training to the productive farms of Sauk County have outlived their home environment and developed business qualities better suited to the activity of the city than the quiet of the country. That it is commendable to seek that which is most congenial and, therefore, better done, is a truism lying at the foundation of all worth-while success.

Edwin Steidtmann was born on the home farm 4% miles north of Prairie du Sac, Sauk County, in 1874, and is a son of August William and Theresia (Kuhn) Steidtmann, natives of Germany, The family was founded in the United States in 1849, in which year the grandfather of Edwin Steidtmann came to this country and located in Merrimack Township, Sauk County. In his native land he had been a butcher, but on coming to America turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, in which he spent the remaining years of his life. He was industrious and possessed of the thrift of his race, developed a good property and made a home for his family, and became one of the highly respected men of his community. He passed away on his farm, August William Steidtmann was six years of age when brought by his parents to America, and here he grew to manhood among the rapidly changing conditions that characterized the development of Sauk County from a wilderness to a fertile and productive section. At his father's death he took charge of the home farm and continued to be engaged in its operation until 1914, in which year he retired from active labor and is now making his home with his son at Madison, Wisconsin. Mrs. Steidtmann died on the farm in 1905. They were the parents of four children: Two daughters who died in infancy; Edwin, of this notice; and Edward. Edward Steidtmann, who is now a professor at the University of Wisconsin, at Madison, married Miss Bertha Franke, daughter of Carl Franke, and they have four children : Edward, Carl, Alice Louise and Robert, the two older of whom are attending school at Madison.

Edwin Steidtmann was reared on the home farm north of Prairie du Sac and attended the schools of the country until he was fourteen years of age, at which time he went to high school for two years. Following this he taught school for one year, was then identified with the drug business for a like period, and returned to his duties as a school teacher for another term. The following three years were spent in Louisiana, where he was engaged in farming, and he then returned to Sauk County and for one year conducted a newspaper, the Sauk County News, a venture in which he was associated with E. C. Brown, Returning once more to agricultural operations, he located in Merrimack Township, and while there held the office of town clerk and chairman. For some time Mr. Steidtmann had been interested in the progress being made by the automobile industry, and, after due consideration, he became associated with C. H. Lehmann and Roland Steuber in the automobile business at Prairie du Sac January 1, 1916. He is well known in the business circles of this thriving community, where he has established a reputation for absolute integrity and fidelity to engagements. In addition to his automobile business he still has agricultural holdings in Sauk County and is interested in Texas lands.

Mr. Steidtmann married Miss Rosina Lehman, daughter of Carl Lehman, a farmer of Sauk County, and they have three children : Lynda, who married Addison D, Weese and lives on the old family homestead in Sauk County; Violet, who will finish her education at the Baraboo High School in 1917 ; and Olivia, who is attending school at Prairie du Sac.

Gottlieb Hengstler. This is a name which has a distinctive place in the annals of Sauk County. The Hengstler family and their relationship has been identified with this section of the state since the forests were first cleared and the task of improvement begun which has transformed a large area into a landscape of splendid farms, homes, towns and industries.

The late Gottlieb Hengstler came to Sauk County when a boy and lived a life of purposeful energy and effectiveness until his death. He was born in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, August 22, 1845, a son of Charles Hengstler, one of the oldest and most prominent of Sauk County pioneers. He began his education in Pennsylvania, but when nine years of age accompanied the family to Sauk County, and here he attended such limited schools as were in existence and also assisted his father in the wagon-making trade.

About the time he was grown, in 1865, he bought his father's old homestead with the exeception of forty acres. That gave him 120 acres, and he retained that land and brought it to bountiful production. He also bought and sold other tracts, including the forty acres where his son Charles now lives. Gottlieb Hengstler was not only a hard worker but a good manager, and he made ample provisions in the way of improvements and solid comforts. He put up first-class buildings on his farm, cleared much of it and was busily engaged with its work until his death on June 8, 1914, when nearly sixty-nine years of age.

In politics he was always affiliated with the republican party. For some years he served as township supervisor and for forty-one years he performed the duties of clerk of the school board without pay. Public spirit was one of his strongest characteristics, and the welfare of the local schools particularly received his attention. He attended the Methodist Episcopal Church.

On October 1, 1870, he married Miss Janet Dickie, who survives him and resides on the old farm. Mrs. Hengstler represents some of the solid Scotch element that figured prominently in the early life of Sauk County. She was born August 11, 1850, in the Old American House at Milwaukee, a daughter of John and Mary (Strathern) Dickie. Her parents were both born in 1828, in Scotland, and both natives of Ochiltree. They were married in Scotland in 1849 and two weeks after the wedding they set out for America. For several years they lived in Milwaukee, where her father followed the trade of shoemaker and in 1855 they arrived in the wilderness of Sauk County, where her father bought forty acres in Freedom Township near the iron mines. This was school land and he at once applied himself to its development and improvement. Later he owned 160 acres, and had it fruitfully developed, most of it under the plow and with good buildings. John Dickie died here February 4, 1904, and his widow on January 5, 1912. Their children were: Janet, Jane, Barbara, Thomas, William, Mary, Sarah, John, Robert and Marian. The parents were members of the Presbyterian Church.

Mr. and Mrs. Hengstler became the parents of five children : Charles F., the oldest, was born October 9, 1871, was educated in the district schools and the North Freedom Schools, graduated from the Baraboo High School, and is now owner and farmer of eighty acres, half of the homestead originally acquired by his grandfather. He is a republican in politics, is now serving as township clerk and has been a member of the school board and is director and treasurer of the Baraboo Mutual Insurance Company. He married Edith Haynes, of Sauk County, and their three children are Genevieve, Bernice and Gordon, these being the only grandchildren of Mrs. Hengstler. George, the second child, was born August 1, 1873, was educated in the public schools, and married Julia Doppler, of Sauk County. John D., born April 22, 1881, is a graduate of the Baraboo High School and also of the LaCrosse Business College and is now purchasing agent for the Russ Manufacturing Company of Cleveland. He married Miss Mame Clark, of Baraboo. Eugenie, who was born November 10, 1887, was educated in the local schools and is now the wife of Peter Brennan, who handles the work of the Hengstler homestead farm. Mary, the youngest child, was born in 1891 and received her education in the district schools and the North Freedom High School. She is still at home.

"William H. Mash. There are many names identified with the early settlement and agricultural development of Sauk County that are yet among the leading ones here, and that of Mash is particularly well known in Delton Township and also in Excelsior Township, in which latter William H. Mash owns one of the valuable farms. He was born in Delton Township, Sauk County, Wisconsin, June 18, 1869. His father, William Mash, was born in Huntingdonshire, England, in 1842, and in 1854 was brought to the United States and to Sauk County, Wisconsin, by his parents. The grandparents of William H. Mash died in Excelsior Township, both at the age of eighty years, the grandfather in 1887 and the grandmother in 1886.

William Mash, father of William H., was reared in Sauk County and became a farmer. He died in the same year as his mother, 1886, when aged forty-four years. He was married in Sauk County to Miss Emma Spaulding, who was born in DeHon Township, Sauk County, in 1850. Two sons were born to them, William H. and Frederick, the latter of whom resides in Delton Township, as also does the mother. The maternal grandfather was Oliver Willard Spaulding, and both he and his wife were born in Vermont. They came to Sauk County and afterward made their home here, coming in 1848, among the earliest pioneers and settling in Delton Township on tlie farm now owned by "William Terry. Mr. and Mrs. Spaulding had eight children, namely : Henry, Charles, Emma, Nettie, Albert, Hattie, John and Frank.

William H. Mash attended the public schools. He has been a farmer all his life and is one of the well informed, practical kind who thoroughly understands the business. He owns 159 acres and devotes it to general farming and stockraising, and as his operations are carried on with forethought and good judgment he has met with much success.

Mr. Mash was married in 1893 to Miss Hulda Dahlke, who was born in Germany, December 25, 1872. Her parents, John and Henrietta (Henke) Dahlke, came to the United States in May, 1873, and located in the City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where they remained four years and then settled on the farm in Excelsior Township, Sauk County, on which they now live. They had eight children born to them, but three of whom survive : Hulda, the fourth in order of birth, Otto and Emma. Bertha, August, Nellie, Mary and Julius, are all deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Mash have no children.

In his poltical views Mr. Mash has always been a republican and has done his full duty to party and friends and at times has been called upon to serve in township offices. During his term as township supervisor many important matters came before the board, and his excellent business judgment assisted greatly in satisfactorily settling them. Mr. and Mrs. Mash are active members of the Lutheran Church and liberal contributors to its Christian activities.

Rudolph Beaun. To really comprehend the wonderful changes which sixty years have effected in Sauk County, one should listen to the interesting reminiscences of such an old resident as Rudolph Braun, one of Troy Township 's most highly esteemed citizens and substantial farmers, who has lived through this entire period and has done his part in developing this section and improving conditions here. He has watched whole families come and go, has seen fine farms developed from a wilderness, in the shelter of which once lurked savage beasts, together with deer and other wild game, has noted the growth of new and useful industries and the building of towns and cities, churches and schoolhouses, and h;>.s lived to see, also, farm life sheared of much of its isolation and hardship through modem inventions and discoveries. Then, too, there is one period of his life to which Mr. Braun may refer with justifiable pride, for during three long years he served his adopted country as a soldier in the Union army during the Civil war and acquitted himself with credit.

Rudolph Braun was born in 1846, in Prussia. His parents were Johan and Eleanor (Knabe) Braun. The father was born in Prussia and the mother in Saxony, Germany. In 1852 they crossed the Atlantic Ocean in a sailing vessel, and after landing in the United States came directly to Sauk City, Wisconsin. The father was a reliable workman at the carpenter trade and this he followed for the first ten years in Wisconsin, and then secured a small tract of land near Sauk City, on which he started a vineyard, and during the rest of his life devoted his attention to the growing of grapes. His death occurred in 1892 and that of the mother two years later. They were good people, industrious,, frugal and kind, and their memory is tenderly preserved by their surviving children, four in number, the eldest, Robert, having died in 1912. The others are: Balthasar, who is a resi'dent of Wisconsin; Rudolph; Emma, who is the wife of Joseph Schadde, of Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Bertha, who is the wife of Carl Bartch, and also lives in Minneapolis.

Rudolph Braun was six years old when his parents brought him to Sauk County and he remained with his people and helped his father until he was sixteen years old, at which time the whole country was in a state of excitement on account of the Civil war, then in its second year. Although but a boy in years, Rudolph had settled opinions, and had the courage of a man and this he proved by enlisting for war service in Company K, Twenty-third Wiseonsin Volunteer Infantry and going to the front. During the succeeding three years he bore himself with the valor of a brave soldier and, although often in great danger, survived his three years of service and returned home after being honorably discharged without any serious injury.

Soon after Mr. Braun 's return to Sauk County he was married, when nineteen years old, to Miss Katherine Hahn, and they became the parents of six children, all of whom survive, as follows: Clara, the wife of Robert Hoppe, lives on a farm adjoining that of her father ; Bernhardt, who lives with his family on a farm in Sumpter Township; Ida, the wife of Fred Brooks, lives in Westfield Township ; Isabel, the wife of George Loerpabel, lives in Oregon; Udo, who lives with his family in Westfield Township; and Alfred, who lives with his family in Troy Township. Mrs. Braun died August 16, 1905. At the time of his marriage Mr. Braun bought 160 acres of undeveloped land in Sumpter Township, Sauk County, which he subsequently cleared and improved, and he lived on that property for fifteen years. At that time he sold and bought his present fine farm containing 294 acres in Troy Township. For many years he has carried on general farming and stock raising.

On May 6, 1913, Mr. Braun was united in marriage to Mrs. J. E. Snediker, of Angola, Indiana. Mr. Braun has always been a fair-minded citizen and has worked for the good of his neighborhood, but has never joined any political organiziation, casting his vote according to his own judgment. He has served as a school director for ten years, but otherwise has never accepted a public office. Mr. Braun is one of the men of whom it is said that ' ' his word is as good as his bond. ' '

Whiting Day Staj^tley. The name Stanley has been prominently identified with the commercial life of Baraboo for over half a centur3^ A prosperous concern that was established by members of the family in early days is now carried on by two brothers, one of whom is Whiting Day Stanley. This is known as the Stanley Company, grocers, and their store has been a landmark in the business district and a center for patronage to the people of Baraboo and the surrounding country for so many years that the old residents could not well think of Baraboo without the Stanley store.

of the late William Stanley. William Stanley was a son of Whiting Day and Maria (Castle) Stanley, who came from Canandaigua, New York, to Dane County, Wisconsin, in 1847, locating on a farm, William Stanley was sixteen years of age when the family came to this state, and he reached his majority in Dane County. At the age of twenty-one, in 1853, he engaged in the mercantile business with his brother Lemuel, and they were partners until 1858.

On January 13, 1859, William Stanley married Louisa A. Huntington, daughter of Herbert N. and Amanda M. Huntington. Louisa Huntington was born in Oswego County, New York, September 16, 1839, and when a young girl of twelve years came with her parents to Baraboo. She finished her education in the Ladies' Seminary in that city.

In 1860 William Stanley engaged in the general merchandise business at Baraboo with his father-in-law, under the firm name Huntington & Stanley. From that time forward to the present the name Stanley has stood for the best in the commercial life of the city. William Stanley's business affairs prospered, and he also held many of the local offices in Baraboo, including membership on the school board. He was a republican in politics.

His old business associate and his father-in-law, Mr. Huntington, died in 1877, and was succeeded in the business partnership by Edwin M. Hoag. William Stanley died in 1898, after which the firm was changed to The Stanley Company.

Whiting Day Stanley was born in Dane County, Wisconsin, August 11, 1868, but has spent nearly all his life in Baraboo. He and his brother Herbert took charge of the business in 1898, at the time of their father's death, and have succeeded in maintaining the old reputation of the house and in greatly extending its activities and enterprises.

Mr. Stanley is a republican in polities. He was married in 1895 to Flora Lawson. Their three children were William, Frederick and Flora. The mother of these children died in 1901. In 1905 he married Maud Hamilton, and by this marriage there are also three children, George, Lawrence and Margaret.

Herbert H. Stanley married in 1890 Ethel Hoadley. He has served as an alderman from the first ward for nine years and has taken a very active part in republican politics. Both the brothers are members of the First Methodist Episcopal Church.

Lewis Birgen. Some of the earliest settlements of Sauk County were made in Honey Creek Township, and it is of one of the oldest families here that Lewis Birgen is a representative. Mr. Birgen is himself a native of Sauk County and was born more than sixty years ago on the same farm where he lived until reeentlv.

His parents were both born in the Duchy of Luxemburg, Germany, were married there, and on leaving their native land for America came direct to Sauk County, They made the journey by railroad as far as Madison, where they bought a team of horses and then drove overland to their location in Honey Creek. Michael Birgen bought land from a speculator and founded a home in the midst of the heavy timber. He was a pioneer in every sense of the term. He cleared away the forest, grubbed out the stumps, broke the land with ox teams, and pursued a course of unremitting toil for many years until his home and financial independence were established. In the early days he made many journeys with ox teams to Milwaukee, hauling his wheat to market or to mill, and it required a week to make the round trip. Michael Birgen continued to live on the old farm until 1878, when he went out to Dakota Territory, spent nine years on that portion of the Northwest frontier, and then moved to Iowa, where he died in 1905, at the age of seventy-seven. His widow passed away in 1907. They had nine children: Catherine, deceased; Anna, Mrs. John Medel, living in Minnesota; Lewis, who was the third in order of birth ; Isabella and Mary, twins ; Matthew, who is married and living in South Dakota ; Susanna, Mrs. Julius Bower living in Montana; Peter, who is married and living at New Hampton, Iowa; and Katie, Mrs. John Clements, of New Hampton, Iowa. All these children were reared on the old homestead.

At the age of twenty-six Lewis Birgen married Miss Mary Steuber, daughter of Henry Steuber, who deserves mention as one of the first settlers of Sauk County. The Steubers came here in 1843, lived among the Indians and in the wild woods almost isolated from white companionship for several years. He took up land in Troy Township and was a man of substance and ability and influence. He married in 1850 and died at the age of eighty-three in 1899, his wife having passed away in 1883.

When Lewis Birgen was twenty-two years of age he took the management of the home farm and has lived there continuously ever since. The original homestead comprised 180 acres, and he has since increased its extent to 200 acres, all well improved and cultivated. He has also replaced the old buildings by those of modern construction and the attractive homestead stands as a monument to his industry and good management. He was a general farmer and did considerable stock raising and dairying. For several years Mr. Birgen served as a member of the local school board and has always been a friend and supporter of good schools.

His four children are all daughters, named as follows : Delia, Mrs. John U. Schmidt, of Prairie du Sac ; Eva, Mrs. Felix Ferber, of Honey Creek Township ; Bessie, unmarried and living at home ; and Mary, wife of Andrew Moely, and resides on the old homestead. The children were all born on the farm, grew up there, and acquired their education in the Honey Creek Township Schools. As a family they are active members of the Reformed Church in Prairie du Sac. In matters of politics Mr. Birgen is independent. In October, 1917, Mr. Birgen retired from active farming and moved to Prairie du Sac, where he has a fine modern home.

A. L. Young, who has been in the grocery business at Baraboo for the past seventeen years, is the son of John Young, who took up land in the

Town of Troy at an early day, and moved to the city where he was elected sheriff of the county in 1878. He had been an active republican for some years and in 1873 had served a term in the Legislature. For many years he had been advancing politically through service in numerous township offices. The son, A. L. Young, was a farmer on the old homestead for some years, but left it when a young man, engaged in business in Baraboo, passed ten years in Missouri and Iowa in mercantile pursuits, and since then has been a grocer at the county seat. H;is father died in Baraboo in 1905.

Edmond J. Terry. The most successful farmers in Sauk, as in other counties, are those who are not only industrious but also well informed. Many of these conduct all their operations according to modern and improved methods and they are the farmers that reap large returns. One of the prosperous farmers of Excelsior Township, Sauk County, is Edmond J. Terry, who was born on the farm he now owns, November 12, 1863. His parents were John and Alice (Welch) Terry.

John Terry was bom in County Waterford, Ireland, and from there in young manhood came to the United States and for twelve years was employed in iron works in Connecticut. He was married in the City of New York to Alice Welch, who was also' a native of County Waterford, Ireland, and in 1855 they came to Wisconsin, and in May of that year settled on the farm that their son Edmond J. now owns. At that time it was heavily timbered and in a wild state, but Mr. Terry worked hard and gradually cleared it and developed a fine farm, which he improved with substantial buildings. He resided on that farm until 1898 and then moved to Baraboo. He died in the following year on the old homestead, having reached the unusual age of ninety-six. His widow survived him and her death occurred in 1903, when aged eighty-four years. They were fine people, devoted members of the Catholic Church, and were well known all through this neighborhood. They had a family of seven children, namely : Mary, James, Alice, Ellen, Anna, John and Edmond, the last named being the only survivor.

Edmond J. Terry has always lived on the old home place. He attended school in District No. 3 and afterward began farming, first for his father and later for himself. He owns 160 acres of richly cultivated land and in 1901 erected a fine modern residence, while in 1909, he built one of the best barns in the township, its dimensions being 34 by 80 feet. His stock is all high grade.

Mr. Terry was married in 1902 to Miss Ellen MuUoney, who was born in Richland County, Wisconsin, June 12, 1870, and is a daughter of Walter and Catherine (Harroll) Mulloney, who came to Richland County in the late '60s, developed a farm and became people of well known standing. Both lived to advanced age, the father dying April 6, 1914, aged eighty-nine, and the mother on March 18, 1908, when aged eighty years. They had six children, namely: James, Eliza, William, Johanna, Walter and Ellen, two of whom, Johanna and Walter, are deceased.

Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Terry : John, an affectionate child who died at the age of twelve years, in March, 1916 ; Cather- ine, born February 18, 1908; Walter, born February 26, 1909; and Helen, born July 20, 1910. Mr. Terry and his family belong to the Catholic Church. In politics he is somewhat independent, well able to do his own thinking on public matters, but nominally he is a democrat. He has never been a seeker for public office.

William Edwards. In passing through a country, whether on business or pleasure bent, travelers are very apt to notice, with the leading, natural features, the extent and appearance of the lands and stock in the agricultural sections, and favorable or otherwise, these reports are carried over the country. Many a heavy investor has been influenced entirely in this way. In no part of Wisconsin are to be found better cared for farms or more thoroughbred stock than in Sauk County and, it is noted also that this county stands very high in education and good citizenship. Among the prosperous farmers and highly respected citizens of Fairfield Township is William Edwards, a worthy representative of one of the old pioneer families here and the owner of the old homestead which has been in the family since 1853.

William Edwards was bom on the present farm in Fairfield Township, Sauk County, Wisconsin, March 22, 1863. His parents were Hugh and Gwen (Roberts) Edwards, the former of whom was born in Wales and the latter in New York, of Welsh ancestry. The father first came to Wisconsin at an early day in its settlement, remained for a time at Racine and then came to Sauk County, and here he bought 173 acres of virgin land in Fairfield Township. At that time these fertile acres were wild prairie, dense timber or low, swampy tracts, timber prevailing, and it took pioneer courage and brawn to clear and prepare sufficiently for cultivation. The story is an old one but it never lacks in interest, for the pioneer as the forerunner of civilization belongs to the history of American settlement. Hugh Edwards was a hard-working, patient and thrifty man, and during his active years made many improvements on the farm he had produced out of the wilderness and was permitted to live and enjoy them into old age. He was eighty-eight years old when his death occurred in 1901 at Baraboo, Wisconsin. His wife had passed away many years before, in 1869, when aged but thirty-six years. She was the beloved mother of seven children : Hugh, Catherine, Edward, Robert, William, Owen and Mary.

William Edwards grew to manhood on the home farm and secured his education in the public schools. He assisted his father on the homestead until 1886 and then decided to investigate western lands and the possibility of better farming opportunities in Dakota Territory than in Wisconsin. Finding nothing to satisfy him there he went on to Washington Territory and in 1888 took up a homestead there of 160 acres and lived on it until 1900, and then came back to Sauk County. In 1902 he bought the old homestead in Fairfield Township and has continued to live here contentedly ever since. He now has 110 acres, having sold sixty- three acres of the low land, and carries on general farming and stock raising. He is a man of enterprise and thoroughly understands his business, and the excellent condition of his farm and stock and the general appearance of thrift in his surroundings testify to it.

Mr. Edwards was married in 1913 to Mrs. Mary Lawrence, widow of August Lawrence, who came to Baraboo from Vernon County, They have three children : Leonard, Marcella and Kenneth.

The parents of Mrs. Edwards were Emil.and Amelia (Brown) Shinnick, the former of whom was born in Germany in 1838 and the latter in 1858. They were married in Germany and landed in New York Harbor when they came to the United States. Their objective point was Wisconsin, and they settled first at Sparta and then on a farm in Vernon County, on which the mother of Mrs. Edwards died May 26, 1909. She was a good wife and mother and was a faithful member of the Lutheran Church, to which Mr. Shinnick also belongs. He still survives. Mrs. Edwards was the eldest of six children, the others being : Otto, Charles, Annie, who died in infancy, Emma and Delia.

Mrs. Edwards was reared in the Lutheran faith and the parents of Mr. Edwards attended the Calvinistic Methodist Church, but he has never united with any body, although he lends his influence to religious movements as moral mediums. He has given hearty support to the candidates and principles of the republican party all through manhood, but has never had any desire for public office. Mr. Edwards is a successful, practical farmer, belonging to a class of men now taking first rank in the world's work and faithfully doing his part as becomes a true American citizen.

Fred W. Schultz. With its fortunate location adjacent to a rich and wide agricultural territory, with proximity to the nation's finest fruit belt and with water power inviting manufacturing of all kinds, Baraboo, Wisconsin, has long offered much to permanent settlers in the way of business, and here business enterprises of magnitude have been built up by far-sighted and progressive men. While business, founded on financial stability, has flourished, education and culture have developed equally and now no city in the state creates a more favorable impression as to its residential districts or its class of people. It is no wonder then that native sons of Baraboo take pride in having been born here, as have many of its representative men, and one of these is Fred W. Schultz, who is a director of the Farmers and Merchants Bank of this city and one of its organizers, and is also agent for the American Express Company.

Fred W. Schultz was born at Baraboo, Wisconsin, November 2, 1868. His parents were William and Minnie (Schulz) Schultz. The father was born in 1826, in Saxony, Germany, and the mother, December 31, 1842, in Pomerania, Prussia. The father came to the United States and reached Baraboo in 1854, and here he followed the shoemaking trade for many years, his shop being located at No. 116 Fourth Avenue. He was an honest, upright man and a true Christian. He was one of the organizers of the First Lutheran Church of Baraboo, and for many years served in the office of church treasurer. He lived a long and blameless life, respected by every one, retiring from business some time before his death, which took place June 1, 1910, when his age was eighty-four years. He was married at Baraboo to Miss Minnie Schulz, who came to the United States some years after he arrived, and they had one child,

Fred W. Schultz attended school in his native city and finished the high school course when about seventeen y^ars of age and then felt ready to prepare for some line of business activity. He then learned the telegraphic art and became an expert operator and worked with a number of the great transportation systems. For twenty-one years he continued at the key, working with the Western Union Company, the Northwestern, the Wisconsin Central, the Chicago & Great Western and the Northern Pacific railroads both as operator and station agent at different points.

In 1911 Mr. Schultz returned to Baraboo to establish his permanent home here and accepted work as relief agent for the American Express Company until 1915, since Avhich time he has filled the office of agent for this company. He has invested capital here and was one of the four men who organized the Farmers and Merchants Bank, a sound and popular financial institution of Sauk County, and has continued one of its directing board. The bank occupies handsome quarters on the corner of Oak and Fourth streets, Baraboo.

Mr. Schultz was married in 1897 to Miss Alice M. Oilman, who was born near Rosemount, Minnesota. They have one son, Fred W., who was born at Stillwater, Minnesota, January 7, 1902, and is now a student in the high school at Baraboo.

Mr, Schultz cast his first presidential vote for Hon. Benjamin F. Harrison, the republican candidate foi' the presidency, and ever since has maintained his allegiance to the republican party. He has never consented to accept any political office but is ever ready to assist his friends and to lend his influence to every public spirited measure that appeals to his sense of right and justice. He belongs to Cataract Lodge No, 2, Free and Accepted Masons, at Minneapolis. Courteous and obliging, prompt and reliable, Mr. Schultz has always made friends wherever he has lived and he has a wide circle at Baraboo.

William Alw^in is one of the native sons of Sauk County, and has ordered his life along the pleasant and not unprofitable lines of agriculture and owns one of the notable farms of Baraboo Township.

He was born in Honey Creek Township of Sauk County July 4, 1861, a son of Martin and Caroline (Radel) Alwin. His parents were born in Germany, were married there, and in 1856 crossed the Atlantic and came to Sauk County, Wisconsin. In Honey Creek Township they acquired a tract of land and developed it into a farm which has been in the family possession ever since. It is now owned by their son, Herman Alwin. They also acquired another farm about a mile away, and on that second place Martin Alwin spent his last years. He died in 1896, at the age of sixty-nine, and his widow passed away in 1903, aged sixty-nine. Martin Alwin began voting as a republican but subsequently became affiliated with the democratic party. He and his family were active members of the German Lutheran Church at Leland in Honey Creek Township. Their children were nine in number : Fred, Julious, Augusta, William, Herman, Martin, Amelia, Louisa and August, the last three being deceased.

Mr. William Alwin grew up on the old homestead farm. He attended the local public schools and also the Sauk City High School. For over thirty years he has been prosperously and actively engaged in farming on his own account and is now the owner of a place of 260 acres in Baraboo Township. He has thrifty and well tended fields and does considerable stock raising. He also owns a block of stock in the Excelsior Cooperative Creamery Company of Baraboo.

Politically Mr. Alwin is a republican, but active merely as a voter and never an aspirant for office. He is a member of the Lutheran Church at Baraboo.

On October 22, 1890, he married Miss Bertha Graf, who was born in Sumpter Township of Sauk County August 30, 1871, a daughter of Christian and Louisa (Diebel) Graf. Both her parents were born in Germany but came to this country and to Wisconsin when young and were married in Sumpter Township. Her mother was thirteen years of age when she came to Sauk County with her parents, Martin and Christiana (Hansen) Diebel. That was in 1848. Martin Diebel and wife spent their last years in Sumpter Township on their farm. Christian Graf was a carpenter by trade and located in Sumpter Township in 1855. Mrs. Alwin 's mother had first married Carl Schied, and by that marriage there were two children : Christina, wife of Frank Eschenbeck, and Fred, now deceased. Mrs. Alwin was one of six children : Henry, Louisa, Charles, Herman, Bertha and William, Charles and William being deceased. Mrs. Alwin 's father died at Prairie du Sac in 1908, at the age of eighty-three, and her mother passed away October 29, 1910, at the age of seventy-five.

Mr. and Mrs. Alwin have six children, William C, Selma, Caroline, Martin, Esther and Rodger. Selma married Fred Kuntzelman and their two children are Lasetta and Harold. Caroline graduated from the Sauk County Normal and for the past four years has taught at Baraboo Township. The youngest child, Rodger, though only fourteen years of age, is now in the third year of the Baraboo High School.

Andrew Moely has known Sauk County from his earliest recollections. He is a native of Prairie du Sac Township and since attaining his majority he has acquired a worthy success as a practical farmer and business man in that locality and has also shown a spirit of helpfulness in all matters of community concern.

He was born in Prairie du Sac Township in 1862. His parents then lived in the west part of the township. He is a son of Conrad and Clara (Banhard) Moely, both of whom were natives of Switzerland, His father came to America five years before the mother and they were married in Prairie du Sac Township. Conrad Moely died eleven years after his marriage. He was a farmer and on coming to Sauk County he took up 140 acres of land from the Government and was industriously engaged in its clearing and cultivation until his death. His widow survived him until about six years ago. There were seven children in the family: Lizzie, who married William Schoephorster and died three years ago; Barbara, Mrs. Anton Norwald, lives in Sauk City; Andrew; Mary, wife of William Cook, a Texas rancher; Lola, wife of Chris Plots, of Prairie du Sac ; Martin, who is married and lives in Sumpter Township; and Conrad, who lives in Prairie du Sac and is married and has a family.

Andrew Moely grew up on the home farm and resided there until he was twenty-two years of age. For several years he worked the homestead for his mother, and then acquired the place where he now resides. This contains 270 acres and is a place of excellent improvements and has been brought to a high state of cultivation under his capable management. For the first four years after buying this farm Mr. Moely had his sister Mary as housekeeper. He then married Miss Kate Caflich, who was born in Switzerland, Her parents died in the old country and later she and her brother John, now deceased, set out for America and came to Sauk County. Mr. and Mrs. Moely have six children: Walter, who lives on a farm in Prairie du Sac Township and is married; John, unmarried, lives at home with his father; Leona, wife of Henry Detriek, of Madison, Wisconsin, who married Marion Bergen and is living on the Bergen Farm ; Emma, who attends college at Madison ; and Aaron, still at home.

Mr. Moely does general farming and stock raising and for a number of years has kept one of the good dairies of the county. He has been active in public affairs, having served seventeen years on the township board, eighteen years as school clerk, and in politics is an independent republican. He and his family are members of the Reformed Church of Prairie du Sac and he has been an officer in that church since he was twenty-one years of age.

August Rudy. A thrifty representative farmer in the fine agricultural community of Excelsior Township, August Rudy has lived in Sauk County more than forty years. He started life at the bottom so far as financial circumstances were concerned, and by his own work and well directed endeavor has acquired one .of the good farms of the county.

His birth occurred in Germany September 20, 1848. His parents were Martin and Rose Rudy, the maiden name of his mother being Henke. She died in Germany in 1873, and in the following year the father came with his children to America and settled in Sauk County. Here the rest of his life was spent in the quiet vocation of agriculture and he died about thirty years ago at the age of seventy-two. The children were : William and Caroline, both deceased ; Julia ; Rose, wife of Gottlieb Jungerman ; August ; Mena, wife of Gottlieb Jesse ; Nettie, who lives in Caledonia, Wisconsin, widow of W. Seif ert ; and Fred, who lives near Lavalle in Sauk County.

August Rudy grew up in his native land, acquired a substantial education, and was about twenty-six years of age when he came with his father in 1874 to Wisconsin. Here he worked as a farm hand and several winters he spent as an employe of the railroad. Later he became a farm renter and then for five years he was employed by Risley Morley. About 1883 Mr. Rudy bought forty acres included in his present farm, As his means increased he bought another tract of twenty acres, then twenty acres more, so that his present homestead comprises eighty acres of well improved and fertile land. He also owns forty acres of timber in Excelsior Township near his home farm. All this represents his sturdy endeavors since he came to Sauk County and he has improved his farm with good buildings. His first house there, in which he and his family lived for several years, is now used as a granary. Mr. Rudy has followed the plan of general farming and stock raising, and he has long been considered one of the substantial men of Excelsior Township. In politics he is a republican and is a member of the Lutheran Church at North Freedom.

In 1887 he married Miss Albertine Kepp. She was also a native of Germany, and was a most capable and thrifty wife and homemaker. Her death occurred in 1909, after twenty-two years of married companionship. She was the mother of one child, Ida, who is now the wife of August Jungermann.

August Jungermann, who has the active management of the Rudy Farm, was born in Germany February 21, 1866, a son of Gottlieb and Gustina Jungermann. His mother died in April, 1886, and his father subsequently married Rose Rudy, a sister of August Rudy, and they now live in Baraboo. August Jungermann and wife are the parents of four children: Anna, Arthur, Martha and August Frederick.

The parents of August Jungermann came to Sauk Count}^ in 1872 and bought eighty acres of land in Greenfield Township, which was their home until the death of the first Mrs. Jungermann in 1886. Of their children, August is now the only survivor. His sisters Julia and Amelia and his brother Fred have all been dead for several years. August Jungermann was six years of age when he came to Sauk County with his parents and he acquired his literary education in the Greenfield Public Schools and has always pursued the vocation of farming. He came to the Rudy Farm on November 24, 1910, and has given his best energies to its cultivation and management.

William P. Bassett, a retired farmer of Sumpter Township and manufacturer of Baraboo, now a resident of the county seat, is the son of a well-known pioneer couple of Sauk County. His parents came to Baraboo in 1852 when he was seven years old, migrating from Virginia, his native state. The father, P. A. Bassett, had visited Baraboo the year before, and when he located with his family built a flour mill, later opened a store with M. J. Drown, and for a number of years was quite a factor in the development of the village. He died in 1885. William P. Bassett, the son, received his education in the private schools and at the Collegiate Institute of Baraboo. For about twenty years he was a manufacturer of staves and a merchant, and later became a farmer in Sumpter Township. In 1914 he retired from active work and became a resident of Baraboo.

Arthur Attridge. One of the widely known and highly respected citizens of Sauk County is found in Arthur Attridge, whose valuable farm of 190 acres lies in Fairfield Township. Mr. Attridge is a representative of an old county family and one, on the maternal side, of military distinction, and in his own person is an honored veteran of America's great Civil war. He was bom at Rochester in Monroe County, New

Bartholomew Malloy, the maternal grandfather, came in his daughter's infancy to the United States with his father, John B. Malloy, and they took part in the Seminole Indian war. Another son of John B. Malloy served in the Civil war. Bartholomew Malloy, with his sons Richard, Bartholomew and Ralph, came to Sauk County, and Adam, who served in the Mexican war, came later to Milwaukee. Adam was a drummer boy with the troops on Governor's Island and later at Fort Winnebago, and when sent to Mexico was a soldier in the Sixth United States Infantry and served through the entire war. At the opening of the Civil war he raised Company A, Sixth Wisconsin Infantry, at Baraboo, of which he was made captain, and later the governor of the state made him lieutenant-colonel of the Seventeenth, which was called the Irish Brigade, and later he was brevetted brigadier-general. General Malloy died in California in 1914, at the age of eighty-two years.

The parents of Arthur Attridge passed the most of their married life at Rochester, New York, and it was in that city that the father, Robert Attridge, met with an accidental death on the railroad in 1844, after which the mother came to Sauk County with her three sons : Arthur ; Richard, who was killed in the battle of South Mountain during the Civil war; and Robert, who is a resident of the City of Baraboo, Wisconsin. Her second marriage was to a Mr. Wardwill, to which three children were born : Eliza, who died at Baraboo in 1915 ; Henry and Dora, of Delton Township, Sauk County.

Arthur Attridge went to school at Rochester, New York, but afterward had but few school advantages. He was only ten years old when he accompanied his mother, his brothers and his grandfather, Bartholomew Malloy, to Milwaukee, reaching, that county July 6, 1848. In 1852 he came to Sauk County and for two years lived at Baraboo, and then went to Prairie du Sac and started to learn the shoemaking trade with Thomas Baker. Later on he and his brother Robert decided to strike out for themselves and started for Hannibal, Missouri, by water, going down the Wisconsin and later the Mississippi River. They stopped at St. Joseph and at other points, including Fort Leavenworth, and even went on to Kansas City, at each place trying to find remunerative employment. At that time Kansas City was but a small town. When they reached Lexington Mr. Attridge found work as a shoemaker, but did not remain long, returning then to Pi^irie du Sac and to his old employer, Thomas Baker, working in his shop until in August, 1862, when he enlisted for service in the Civil war. He became a member of Company K, Twenty-third Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, in which he was brave, true and faithful until he was honorably discharged March 13, 1865, after a service of two years and seven months.

Mr. Attridge returned then to Prairie du Sac in time to cast his vote for Abraham Lincoln. By this time he had some capital and decided to invest it in land, and together with his brother Robert bought eighty acres in Fairfield Township, and brought his mother and grandfather to this new home. Here his mother lived until the time of her death in 1890, at the age of seventy-three years. At that time the land was still virgin soil and it took many years of hard work to convert it into a profitable property, but Mr. Attridge not only accomplished that but gradually kept adding to his possessions until they amounted to 190 acres. Since Mr. Attridge retired from active work his son William operates the farm. It is well located as to markets, and because of the care that has always been given it it is very productive land, returning rich yields for the thorough cultivation bestowed.

Mr. Attridge was married November 25, 1877, to Miss Wilhelmina Zeigler, who was born in Germany, January 27, 1857, and is a daughter of William and Caroline (Wiesman) Zeigler. They were born in Germany, reared and married there, and in June, 1869, came to the United States and located first at Portage in Columbia County, Wisconsin, coming to Sauk County from there in September following. For three years afterward Mr. Zeigler worked for Albert G. Tuttle, but in 1873 bought thirty acres, to which he later added ten acres, all timber land at that time. He cleared off his thirty acres and later made many substantial improvements, dying on the land he had so efficiently developed and after many years of enjoyment of it, June 10, 1906, when aged eightyfour years, having survived his wife since 1874. Their family numbered eight children, four of whom died in Germany, three accompanied them to Sauk County, and one was born here: Wilhelmina (Minnie), who is the wife of Arthur Attridge ; Carl, who lives at Valley Junction ; August, who owns the old homestead; and William, who was born in Sauk County.

August Zeigler, who not only owns the old Ziegler home place but a farm of ninety acres in Fairfield Township, carries on general farming and stockraising, keeping a first class grade of cattle and stock and making a specialty of dairying. Mr. Zeigler is. a republican in politics^ and in his religious views is liberal. His father was a member of the Evangelical and his mother of the Lutheran Church. On March 26, 1884, he was married to Miss Ella Malloy, who was born in Fairfield Township in 1863, and whose parents were Bartholomew and Isabel Malloy, early settlers who both died in Fairfield Township. Mr. and Mrs. Zeigler have three children: George, who lives in Baraboo, married Amanda Braun, and they have one daughter, Mildred ; Otto, who is a farmer in Monroe, married Marela Jones; and John, who assists his father, married Sebe Lusby, August Zeigler was born December 19, 1860, and thus has been a resident of the United States since he was nine years old.

Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Attridge, as follows : Mary ; Elizabeth, who is a graduate of the Baraboo High School and the Platteville State Normal School, and also spent two years at Mendota College, Illinois, and still furthered her liberal education through a Chicago correspondence school, and has been a very acceptable teacher at Monroe, Wisconsin, for some years ; Ella, who resides at home ; and William, who is in charge of the home farm.

In politics Mr. Attridge has always been a republican, and further than that has always been a conscientious citizen. His good judgment has many times been acknowledged by his fellow citizens and they have elected him to township offices, such as road master and school director, and during one year he served as clerk of the school board. He has never lost interest in his old comrades of army days and belongs* to the post at Baraboo of the Grand Army of the Republic. Mr. Attridge's name belongs to the list that most creditably represent Sauk County people.

Robert Bruce Curry. One of the well-to-do families of Sauk County is represented by Robert Bruce Curry, whose home has been here over thirty-five years and who has long been enjoying the splendid fruits of his early toil and industry. He began his career here without special advantages or capital, and has relied entirely upon hard work and good judgment to put him ahead in the world.

Mr. Curry was born in Canada March 6, 1862, a son of Samuel and Jane (Crosley) Curry. His father was a native of England, came to New York State in early life and from there moved to Canada, where he followed farming until his death about 1870. His widow passed away in Canada in 1899. They had a large family of thirteen children, Robert B. being the youngest of the sons. The others in order of age were Lizzie, Annie, Jennie, Addie, James, Catherine, Fannie, Sadie, Edward, Robert, Hattie, Margaret, and Trina Louisa.

Robert Bruce Curry grew up on the farm in Canada and was only eight years old when his father died. He received a modest amount ol education, and at the age of eighteen he came to Sauk County. Here he worked as a farm hand and through that work saved the money by which he was able to buy a farm of eighty acres in Freedom Township. He kept that place and worked it for a number of years, but in April, 1915, sold and bought one of the well improved places in Baraboo Township, consisting of eighty acres. Here Mr. Curry may be found industriously occupied with his work as a general farmer and stock raiser.

May 19, 1891, he married Miss Luella Eggleston. Mrs. Curry was born at Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, June 22, 1875, daughter of Edward and Henrietta (Ambler) Eggelson. Her parents were early settlers at Prairie du Sac. She was a small child when her mother died and -she grew up in the home of her Grandmother Ambler. Mrs. Curry died April 7, 1912, the mother of nine children, all of whom are living. Archie Bruce, the oldest, is now in the signal corps of the United States Army at Fort Bliss, Texas. The other children in order of birth are Mildred Luella, wife of Gustav Kleinschmidt, Cecil George, Lyle Edward, Sadie ,Manzaneta, Robert Claire, Theodore, Thelma Viola and Clifford Crosley.

Henry K. Dillenbeck. Among the thriving business enterprises of the prosperous City of Baraboo, one which has grown to be a leader in its line under its present management, is the cigar and tobacco store conducted by Henry K. Dillenbeck. The proprietor of this business is a product of the agricultural community of Wisconsin, a former railroad man and for some years connected with the grain trade. In his present line of business he has made many friends at Baraboo and has firmly established himself in public confidence as a reliable and capable man of affairs.

Mr. Dillenbeck was born at Janesville, Wisconsin, August 26, 1870, and is a son of Ezra and Jennie (Pritchard) Dillenbeck. His father, born in 1836 in the Mohawk Valley of New York, was nineteen years . of age when he came to "Wisconsin in 1855, settling in the vicinity of Janesville on a Rock County farm. Being enterprising, capable and industrious, he succeeded well in his agricultural undertakings, developed an excellent property, and accumulated a competence that enabled him to retire in the evening of life and to pass his closing years in comfort at Janesville, at which city his death occurred February 14, 1916. Mr. Dillenbeck was not only an energetic and able agriculturist, but also made a place for himself as a helpful and public-spirited citizen. Recognizing his general worth and sterling integrity, his fellow citizens frequently called upon him to serve in positions of public responsibility, and after acting as assessor of the Township of Harmony for nine years he was elected township chairman and retained that office three years. He was a republican in his political views, and wielded something of an influence in the ranks of his party in his locality. During a period of twenty-seven years he faithfully discharged the duties of the office of' treasurer of the Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and the members of that organization placed the most implicit confidence in his honesty and judgment. He was an attendant of the Congregational Church, and was fraternally affiliated with the local lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mrs. Dillenbeck, who was born in 1837, did not survive her husband long, as her death occurred December 27, 1916, only ten months after he had passed away. She was a faithful member of the Congregational Church and a woman of many excellencies of mind and heart. There were four children in the family : Emma ; Albert, whose death occurred in 1915; Henry K., of this notice; and May.

Henry K. Dillenbeck was reared on the home farm until he was seventeen years of age, in the meantime attending the graded and high schools of Janesville. Subsequently he took a course in the select school of Mrs. C. A. Hunt, having for a classmate Judge Stevens, and in 1891, at the time of attaining his majority, came to Baraboo and entered upon his career as a fireman in the employ of the Northwestern Railroad. After four years with this line Mr. Dillenbeck went to North Dakota, where for eight years he was engaged in the grain business. His first location was at Hatton, subsequently he moved to Northwood, and from the latter place went to Sharon, where he remained until 1903. In that year he disposed of his interests at that point and returned to Baraboo, where he sought a suitable location in a business way. Eventually he purchased the cigar business of B. W. Brewer, and here he has since built up an excellent trade. Mr. Dillenbeck, like his father, is a republican, but unlike the elder man has never been an aspirant for office of a political character. He is widely known in fraternal circles, being a member of Baraboo Lodge No. 34, Free and Accepted Masons ; Baraboo Chapter No. 49, Royal Arch Masons; Baraboo Commandery, Knights Templar; the Knights of Pythias; and the Modern Woodmen of America, and is treasurer of Baraboo Local of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Engineers.

Mr. Dillenbeek was married in August, 1899, to Miss Emily Henderson, who was born in 1871, in England, a daughter of Robert and Elizabeth Henderson. Mrs. Dillenbeek was brought to the United States by her parents in 1874, the family settling fh-st in Chicago, from whence they soon came to Baraboo, Mr. Henderson being foreman of the blacksmith shop of the Northwestern Railroad for a period of twenty-seven years. His death occurred in 1911, at which time Baraboo lost a dependable and useful citizen. To Mr. and Mrs. Dillenbeek there have been born three children, namely : Henry John, who died at the age of seven years J Robert E., who died in infancy; and Marjorie, bom in March, 1906.

Carl W. Wichern. The younger element of the agricultural industry in Sauk County, upon which must come the work that will insure the future prosperity of this wonderfully fertile region, is ably represented by Carl W. Wichern, who is carrying on operations in Greenfield Township. Mr. Wichern also has the distinction of belonging to one of the old and honored families of the county, being a son of Mathias Wichern and a brother of Louis M. Wichern, in whose sketch on another page of this work will be found the family history.

Carl W. Wichern has had an essentially agricultural career. His life has been passed in the country, amid the surroundings of the farm and out of his opportunities he has acquired success. Born on the old homestead place in Baraboo Township September 23, 1880, he was given good educational advantages in his youth, first attending the public schools of Sauk County and later completing his agricultural training by a course in the agricultural department of the University of Wisconsin. On his return from the university Mr. Wichern at once began to work at his chosen vocation and shortly thereafter he and his brother Louis M. secured a farm in Barron County, which they sold later. They operated the old homestead in Baraboo for six years and this partnership continued until November, 1914, when their association was mutually dissolved. At that time Carl W. Wichern bought a farm of eighty acres located in Greenfield Township, to which he first added twenty acres and later forty acres more, now having 140 acres of some of the finest land to be found in the township. He has installed first-class improvements and built a set of fine, commodious, modern buildings, his machinery and appliances are of the latest manufacture, and the general air of prosperity hovering over the farm indicates the presence of able and progressive management. In addition to carrying on general farming operations Mr, Wichern has met with very satisfying success as a breeder of livestock, making a specialty of pure-bred Guernsey cattle and Poland-China hogs. He is a stockholder in the Excelsior Co-operative Creamery Company of Baraboo, and has a number of other interests. He is a republican, but has not found time to engage actively in political affairs, although he takes a good citizen's interest in matters of importance affecting the welfare and advancement of his community and its people and gives his support to such measures as he believes will be beneficial.

was born December 28, 1889, at Baraboo, Wisconsin, daughter of Willard and Lizzie (Gerofski) Kimball, of Lyons, Wisconsin, and granddaughter of Daniel and Harriet Kimball, pioneers of Sauk County, who died here. Mrs. Willard Kimball was born in Germany and was a child when brought by her parents to the United States, the family first settling in Illinois, later removing to Dane County and then going to New York, where the maternal grandparents of Mrs. Wichem passed away. Mr. and Mrs. Wichern are the parents of one daughter, Ethel Mae.

Mrs. Egbert Schlag, widow of the late Robert Schlag, has her home in Prairie du Sac and represents some of the pioneer elements of German citizenship in Sauk County.

Mrs. Schlag is a daughter of Frederick and Barabara (Frank) Wi'eglow. Both her parents were born in Germany. Her father died ia 1912 and her mother in 1889. They came to America when still single, were married in New York State and coming westward, settled in Merrimack Township of Sauk County on a farm. They lived on that place for a number of years and finally sold it to Mr. Palmer of Baraboo. The mother died on the old farm, and the father lived retired for eight years in Baraboo.

Mrs. Schlag was one of eleven children: Frederick, married and living in Baraboo ; Caroline, Mrs. Orlando Gottminkle, of Baraboo ; Bertha, Mrs. William Clark, of Baraboo ; Anna, who died in March, 1906, married Frank Hewer, of Belvidere, Illinois; Charles, who is married and living in South Dakota; Mrs. Schlag; Frances, wife of John Cox, living in Baraboo ; Ida, who died in 1885, after her marriage to Ernest Thomas; Oscar, who is married and living in Baraboo; Minnie, the widow of William Graff; and DeGraw, who is married and living in Baraboo. These children all grew up and received their early educational training in Merrimack Township.

Mr. and Mrs. Schlag were married March 8, 1879. To their marriage were born two children. Lena Dell, the older, is now Mrs. Fred Scheufler, and they live in Merrimack Township and have two children, Doris Gladys, aged twelve years, and Elmer Dell, aged nineteen months. The son, Rudolph, is married and living on the old homestead farm in Sumpter Township of Sauk County.

The late Robert Schlag was a son of John G. Schlag, who came from Germany in 1844 and was one of the earliest residents in Sumpter Township, the land he took up and developed now being occupied by his son Rudolph. John G. Schlag married Wilhelmina Steidtman, and on the same day they -set sail for America. Their first stop was Milwaukee, and from there they went to Bear Creek and then settled on their farm in Sumpter Township. John G. Schlag and wife had nine children : Rudolph, deceased ; Lena, who died after her marriage in 1901 ; Andrew, deceased ; Susan, Mrs. Herman Matthews, living in Baraboo ; Paul, who is married and living in Sumpter Township ; Herman, of Prairie du Sac; Eliza, Mrs. August Oeherhaurer, of Baraboo; Robert; Alexandier, who is married and living in Baraboo. These children all grew up on the farm in Sumpter Township except the two youngest, who were children when their parents removed to Baraboo. John G. Schlag, after leaving the farm became proprietor of the Wisconsin House in Baraboo, an old hostelry occupying the site now filled by the Ringling Theatre. Some years later the old farm was sold to Robert Schlag, and he in turn sold it to his son Rudolph. John G. Schlag continued to run the Wisconsin House until his death.

Robert Schlag moved to Baraboo with his parents, but after a couple of years there became discontented and returned to the farm, where he lived with his father's tenant, at the same time attending school. After his marriage he went to Minnesota, took up a homestead claim, and during the five years they spent there they proved up on the land and were then able to sell out at a good profit. Returning to Sumpter Township, Mr. Schlag bought his father's place and made it his home until two years before his death, when he sold it to his son Rudolph and then moved to Prairie du Sac, where his death occurred in July, 1916. He was an honored citizen of the county, was generous, upright and had a host of friends. For four years he served on the school board, and in politics was a republican. His parents were members of the Lutheran Church, but most of the present generation are free thinkers in matters of religion.

Edward N. Marsh (deceased) was, for many years, a photographer and hotel keeper at Devil's Lake. He built the first hotel in that locality, which was known as the Minnewaukee House. He conducted it for a number of years, sold it and moved to Elkhart Lake, where he erected and managed the Swiss Cottage for some time. His next move was to Fairplay, Colorado, where he also was engaged in the hotel business; then he took up a homestead in South Dakota, located at Baraboo and there engaged in the real estate business until his death in 1910. Mr. Marsh was a Civil war veteran: His wife and living widow (nee Mary Ann Blake) came to Baraboo with her parents in 1850, when twelve years of age, and attended the first village school in a log house. She was married to Mr. Marsh in 1855.

George W. Hackett. While it may offend his natural modesty to make the statement, there is no question that George W. Hackett of North Freedom is one of the foremost authorities on poultry in the State of Wisconsin. What he has accomplished in that line as a practical poultryman and the recognition paid to his abilities both in this state and elsewhere serves as a voucher of his leadership.

For seven years Mr. Hackett has been poultry lecturer at farmers' institutes throughout the state. He is editor of the poultry department for the Wisconsin Agriculturist, published at Racine, and is also superintendent of the poultry department of the Wisconsin State Fair. Mr. Hackett is member of one of the oldest and best known families of Sauk County. The farm which he now owns and occupies at North Freedom was the scene of his birth on December 17, 1867. His grandfather was Samuel Hackett, who founded the family in Sauk County in 1848. Samuel Hackett was born in New Jersey in 1805, and after his marriage moved to Canada, but in 1839 returned to the United States, locating in Illinois, and from there coming to Sauk County in 1848. His descend- ants are now numerous both in this state and elsewhere. The Hackett family has held annual reunions for the past thirty-five years, and Mr. George W. Haekett is secretary of the Hackett Family Reunion Association.

His parents were Frank S. and Ann E. (Loomis) Hackett. Frank S. Hackett, a son of the pioneer Samuel Hackett, was born in Boone County, Illinois, July 24, 1840, and was eight years of age when brought to Sauk County. He received the limited advantages of the public schools of that day, and grew up on a farm and made it his steady vocation. He had a place of forty acres in North Township and owned .forty acres in the Village of North Freedom. He finally retired to his home in North Freedom and lived there until his death on October 15, 1916. He was one of the honored old citizens and for some years served as justice of the peace, also as street commissioner, and was a member of the village board. He also had a military record, having enlisted during the Civil war in Company F of the Third Wisconsin Cavalry. After a brief service he was discharged on account of disability. Frank S. Hackett married for his first wife Pauline Wiggins. The one child of that marriage is W. J. Hackett, of Tennessee. On February 10, 1867, Frank S. Hackett married Miss Ann Elizabeth Loomis, who was born in the State oi Michigan August 8, 1848. She was a daughter of Jerome and Harriet (Chittenden) Loomis. Her mother was a cousin of a former seeretar^^ of the United States Treasury. Jerome Loomis came to Sauk County in the early '50s, locating in Freedom Township in the ' ' Hill settlement. ' ' He was one of the early farmers there. In 1885 he moved out to Dakota Territory, but subsequently located at Valley Junction in Monroe County, Wisconsin, where he died. His wife died in North Freedom. Jerome Loomis and wife had the following children: Ann Elizabeth; Helen, deceased ; William ; Thomas ; Jay B. ; Francis ; Mina ; and Douglas. Frank S. Hackett was a republican in politics, and he and his wife and their respective parents were members of the Latter Day Saints Church. The children of Frank S. Hackett by his second wife were: George W., Joseph F., Samuel J., Joshua T., Mary Ann, John M., Jacob A., Martha E., Laura, Arthur J. and Ethel M. All these are living except John M., who died July 18, 1892.

Mr. George W. Hackett grew up in the rural surroundings of Freedom Township. Besides the local public schools he attended the Rockford, Illinois, Commercial College. For a number of years he followed general farming and for seven years conducted a meat market at North Freedom. About 1892 he began breeding poultry as a practical enterprise. He had always been interested in this department of farm activity and for many years has been a close student and observer of everything connected with the subject. His own experience might constitute him an authority on several special lines of poultry, while his extensive associations with poultrymen have done much to improve his judgment and his ability as a demonstrator and judge. For the past twelve years Mr. Hackett has given his entire business attention to the breeding of poultry. His special breeds are the Barred Rock, the Partridge Rock and the Rhode Island Reds. For the past ten years his services have been in great demand as a judge of good poultry, he having officiated at such shows as the Great Mid-West Show at Chicago, and the best shows of the Middle West. He has been officially identified with the Wisconsin State Poultry Breeders' Association, and has done much for more and better poultry in Wisconsin. He had charge of securing and assembling the poultry exhibits of Wisconsin at the Panama Exhibition in San Francisco. His own Partridge Rock fowls exhibited there won the first special premium.