Oconomowoc City (part 3 of 3)

In 1869, Odd Fellows' Hall was built and perhaps two or three other buildings. During 1870 '71 the old Globe Hotel was torn down and Mann's splendid brick block was begun on the same ground and finished in 1872. The building comprises three stories, is built of the best Watertown brick, contains an elegant hall used for Masonic purposes, with a separate one used for theatrical performances, public assemblages and social gatherings ; both located on the third floor. The second floor is divided into suits of rooms well arranged, to be used as oifices or for other purposes, all of them light, airy and lofty. The first floor is used for business purposes and contains four stores, neatly arranged. One of them, a drug store, located on the corner, is a very attractive establishment. During the next few years, the business portion of this place continued to improve, and would probably have been much larger, if not more prosperous, had it not been for two or three very severe fires that destroyed a number of very valuable buildings, and a large amount of merchandise. They occurred as follows : one in 1871 ; one 1875 ; one 1879 ; all being within a period of eight years.

The vacancy caused by the fire in 1871 was soon occupied by the present block of C. M. Smith, next to the bank. After the destructive conflagration in 1875, which destroyed Dodge's Block and the La Belle House, John Metcalf soon rebuilt where the brick building stood, but not so large as before. The La Belle House lot unfortunately yet remains vacant, and presents a very bare appearance in so prominent a place in the city. It is just such a spot as one would expect to see occupied by a fine hotel, or block of business houses. The terrible, devastating fire of April 7, 1879, left, in a short time, a very large area covered with charred ruins, where, only a few hours before, life and thrift prevailed. It was the general impression on the morning following the fire, that this space in the center of the town would remain a long while unimproved. Like many similar prognostications, this one also failed of fulfillment. But a little more than a year has passed, and what a change. Substantial brick buildings now cover nearly all of the burnt district ; many of them elegant structures that would be a credit to any town in the State, and all occupied by active, energetic business men. Oconomowoc is a highly favored locality in every respect, being a place where business is good, society excellent, and, in fact, where all the chief requisites to happiness exist in prodigal abundance. That her past may be but an earnest of her future development is the acclamation of all.

Public Schools And Academy

Joint District No. 3, in which was the first school in Oconomowoc, was in keeping with the condition of the place and tim«s. There were very few scholars at first, scarcely enough to make it an object to maintain a school : but the necessity of early education was as well understood by the pioneers as it is by those of to-day, and, although they were poor and had to struggle hard for subsistence, yet it must be noted that in this, and every community throughout the county, the schools and schoolhouses always received early attention. There is no doubt, considering their ability to do and pay, that they did as well in proportion as is done to-day in giving their children facilities for learning. Before the old "barracks" were built, the school here was kept in the log schoolhouse ; after that, the school authorities rented a room in that building, where school was taught for several years.

About this time, the necessity of putting up a respectable public school building. began to be talked of; but the matter dragged along until 1854, before anything decisive was done. During that year, the present lot was purchased, at a cost of $75, and the red-brick schoolhouse was put up. The grounds and building, when completed, were valued at $2,500. This house accommodated the school until 1866, when the number of children had so increased that more room was necessary, and the officers purchased the old Methodist Church property, paying $1,200. At about this time, it was proposed to unite the "Canada" District No. 10, with District No. 3 ; but nothing came of the project until 1875, when they were united, only to separate in 1877. At that time, the intention was to have a union high school, thereby giving the school a higher standing, and also securing the State fund appropriated for high schools, which, under the present system, cannot be obtained. The present school building was completed in January, 1877, at a cost of $7,094. The building was constructed by adding on to the old one. A great deal of difBculty was experienced by the School Board in getting jt erected. A general clash of interests and opinions prevailed for a time, which not only hindered the work and made expense, but caused considerable ill-feeling to enter into the details. There was more than enough of bother. The school is now conducted on the graded system, there being six departments and ten grades. This system was reached in 1879. The present course of study waa adopted in the sprino; of 1876. There are four rooms in the new or main part, and two rooms in the old part. The teachers employed are a male principal and five female assistants. The present average attendance is a little over three hundred pupils, with excellent standing in all departments.

There have been here, as in all places of any importance, select schools, denominational and other schools. About 1868, Rev. E. J. Montague, Pastor at that time of the Congregational Chtfrch, induced the people of his church to raise and enlarge the church edifice, and put in a basement to be used for school purposes. In 1869, the work was completed, and what was called the Oconomowoc Academy was started, with D. B. Smith as Principal and Mrs. J. Z. Smith as Assistant; Rev. E. J. Montague, Teacher of Latin; F. Gebhardt, Teacher of German, and Mrs. D. Wilsey, Teacher of Music. The school opened with fifty pupils and increased to one hundred during the year. S. B. Smith, being elected Principal of the Public Schools, the academy was discontinued the next year. In 1873, the Rev. J. Allison opened the school again and kept it running for a short time, and thus ended the academy.

From school records it appears that the public school had a library before 1850, and that funds were voted, while it lasted, for the purchase of books. Until September, 1856, the library was under the control of the school clerk. At this time L. S. Warner was elected clerk. In 1858, D. Faurot was elected ; and in 1859, John B. Reynold. He either resigned his charge or left before his time expired, and at the next election, in 1860, a vote was taken that the Board should take charge of the library. Whether they did or not does not appear upon the record, only reports of the clerks following show that the library regulations were not complied with, and at present there is no library to report upon.

Fires And Fire Department

Oconomowoc was singularly free from fires during the early period of its existence, and, in reality, even after its incorporation in 1865, no very serious fire occurred, until January 31, 1871, when a fire proceeding from the store of Lee & Watson swept away a large amount of property. The block owned by Franz Pumpf, was entirely consumed, and Lee & Watson lost everything. The post ofiice building was partly destroyed, and the Summit Bank building, owned by G. W. Fay, was seriously damaged. R. C. Hathaway lost his library with instruments and valuable plats and field notes for surveying. Although the damage was very considerable, yet the people were not sufficiently aroused to take steps to secure protection from fires, being yet content to take further risks rather than pay out any money. But from this lethargy they Were doomed soon to be rudely shaken. On April 28, 1875, a most disastrous conflagration devastated the place. At an early hour, the La Belle House, one of the oldest and most familiar land marks of the town, was discovered to be in flames. An immense crowd of people soon gathered, but were powerless to prevent thespread of the flames, and the fine three-story brick block owned by John Metcalf, standing next to the fated hotel, was soon enveloped in flames also, and the destruction of the entire business portion of Oconomowoc seemed inevitable. By a seeming dispensation of Providence, in changing the direction of the wind, and bringing a heavy rain-fall, was that terrible calamity averted. But, notwithstanding the rain, the hotel and Metcalf Block were destroyed, and an injury done the place from whibh it has not yet entirely recovered. On the following day, April 29, 1875, the first meeting was held and steps taken toward organizing a fire company, under the leadership of Henry Howarth. Thirty-two men enrolled themselves as charter membersof the organization, and styled themselves the"Oconomowoc Hook and Ladder and Bucket Company No. 1." The names and officers elected were as follows : Henry Howarth, Captain ; C. H. Osborne, First Lieutenant ; D. W. Frenz, Second Lieutenant ; Gardner Fulmer, President ; A. C. Macrorie, Secretary, and E. D. R. Thompson, Treasurer. The regular members were James Reavely, James Jones, Frank Millard, C. W. Snere, Hans Johnson, Charles Nelson, A. W. Bright, F. W. Kinne, J. 'D. Reid, J. C. Stelzner, J. A. Wood, J. J. Sullivan, Joseph Scott, Stephen Hubbard, George Olson, C. C. Bowsfield, J. H. Williams, E. W. Tuttle, J. H. Lyman, R. G. Williams, Nick Ilenessy,

William Jones, James Fox, E. L. Palmer, George Cole, Matthew Queoghn. The company as organized with officers and men was recognized and its services accepted by the Common Council on October 2, 1875. According to provision of the charter the Council then instituted inquiries for the purchase of some sort of a fire extinguishing apparatus, and, finaly, on December 18, 1875 adopted a resolution accepting a proposition made by the Babcock Manufacturing Company, of Chicago, who furnished a hook and ladder truck with appendages, and chemical engine, known as the Babcock Fire Extinguisher, for the use of the company, which upon an-ival in the spring of 1876, was placed at its disposal.

The company struggled along, hardly maintaining an organization, until September 7, 1877, when, being thoroughly disgusted as well as convinced, of the inefficiency of the apparatus, it was compelled to work with, and after having in vain sent in petitions, signed by the most prominent citizens, for something better, the members called a meeting and voted to disband.

Still nothing was done until after the devastating fire of April 7, 1879, had visited the place. The fire originated in the brick store built by David Henry Rockwell, on the present site of Mr. Hugo Lorleberg's splendid hardware store, about 9 o'clock in the evening. The store was occupied by Case & Co., as a dry-goods store. The contents of the store must have been dry, for in less than fifteen minutes the roof had fallen in, and in two hours, eight business houses were in ashes. The poorly equipped fire company worked manfully, but was powerless with the "saleratus syringe " to stay the ravages of the flames, and had not an engine and company, in response to a telegram for help, come out from Milwaukee, in all probability a much larger amount of property would have been destroyed. The losses, besides the building in which the fire started, were as follows : E. C. Hartwell, frame two-story building, occupied by Daniel McArthur, as a drug-store ; loss, f 2,000 ; no insurance. Mrs. William Wagner, frame grocery store; loss, about $2,000 ; insured. Hugo Lorleberg, two story frame building, used as a hardware store; loss about $5,000 ; insured. David W. Srnall, two-story frame building, occupied by Mr. Johnson, as a harness and trimming shop ; loss on building, $500 ; no insurance ; stock mostly saved. Fred Wollin, restaurant and dwelling ; loss, about $2,000 ; insured. Mr. Bloedel, frame store and dwelling ; store occupied by Mr. Bloedel, as a dealer in country produce ; loss, $1,500 ; insured, A frame building next south of Mr. Wollin, formerly owned by Thomas Honey, and occupied by James Leavitt, as a grocery store, the basement occupied by William Beeberman, as a shoe-shop. The building and Mr. Leavitt's stock were insured, but Mr. Beeberman lost nearly all he had except his family. This fire was all that was needed to induce the city fathers to purchase a steam fire engine ; and on May 12, 1879, a unanimous vote was passed, accepting a proposal made by the agent of the Silsby Manufacturing Company, of Seneca Falls, N. Y., for a rotary steam fire engine, fully equipped, with 1,000 feet of hose, costing $4,500. This engine is a perfect beauty, and took the premium for engines of its class at the Centennial, and is undoubtedly one of the best, as well as handsomest in the State. On the 17th of May, 1879, the Hook and Ladder Company disbanded, and immediately re-organized under the name of " Silsby Volunteer Company No. 1," and elected officers.

Immediately after organizing, the company tendered its services to the city, which were recognized and accepted by the Council July 9, 1879.

The Silsby Volunteer Fire Company is a fine body of men, and has shown a ready willingness and proficiency at all times, either at practice or parade. They are suitably uniformed and when out in a body present a truly fine appearance. The present officers are : W. B. Fay, Foreman; George Olson, Assistant; E. D. R. Thompson, Secretary; Joseph Scott, Treasurer; Stephen Hubbard, Captain Hose Cart No. 1 ; B. S. Young, Assistant ; Gardner Fulmer, Captain Hose Cart No. 2 ; R. C. Moore, Assistant. There are about forty-four members in the company.

Brass Bands

The first steps toward organizing a brass band here were taken as early as 1852. A subscription list was passed around, thirty-two persons signing to the amount of $172.50, to purchase instruments. Harry P. Lester gave $25, D. H. Rockwell, $20, and W. W. Collins $15, the remainder being paid in sums of from $1 to $10, by tbe different contributors. The first meeting was held January 27, 1853, when a permanent organization was effected, and a constitution and by-laws were adopted. The original members were R. C. Hathaway, J. T. Woodruff, Orville Hathaway, D. H. Rockwell, James Luck, E. H. Parsons, H. P. Lester, W. W. Collins and J. M. Brown. R. C. Hathaway was elected Musical Director. From this time, the band was maintained with various changes of members until 18.59, when, having become very much run down, they disbanded. In 1860, they re-organized, but continued together only for a short time. This organization was known as the " Oconomowoc Saxe Horn Band." After it ceased to operate, nothing further was done in this direction for several years, and, in the mean time, their instruments, which were purchased new at the time of organizing, were scattered and lost. Eventually, Dr. Linger proposed to some of the young men that another band should be started. The suggestion was acted upon, and a subscription taken with the understanding entered into with the subscribers, that an incorporated body should be instituted, for the purpose of mutual protection, and for purchasing and caring for the instruments. The instruments were purchased hap-hazard, and, although steps were taken to incorporate the organization, nothing binding was effected. This band continued for a time ; then, like its predecessor, subsided.

There is at present a German band, started within a short time, now having quite a large membership. They have employed a good German teacher, and appear to take great interest in their practice. They are considered very good players for the length of time they have been playing together.

There has also been a movement on, foot for some time to organize a new American b.ind, and take the instruments of the old band, and in all probability this project will soon be carried into effect.

Library Association

A Library Association at one time existed here, which, it is to be regretted, long since became defunct. It was founded in the winter of 1870, a large number of the prominent public-spirited citizens taking a part in the movement, and in some instances subscribing liberally to the object. It was hoped and expected that such an institution as a public library, suitably located, where books and periodicals could be obtained merely far the asking, would attract and thereby benefit a great many who could not, or would not, otherwise obtain good reading ; and would also furnish a place for youhg people to congregate where there would be no bad influences. The intention was good, and the library ought to have prospered, but, like very many good things, it was not properly understood or appreciated. After organizing, the association hired the large front room in Metcalf's Block, which is directly over the store now occupied by Kellogg & Wilsey, for the library room, this being about the first time it was used after building. The room was furnished with chairs, tables, desk, book-case and stove, and books were contributed by various parties. Drs. Henshal & Wight, and G. P. Gifford, presented the most and best works. The ofiice of the Oconomowoc Times., which had been running then a short time, was on the same floor with the library, in a back room, and the editors kindly allowed the use of their exchange list. By this means, there were an abundance of papers and periodicals always on hand ; but, when Ashley D. Harger took the paper he stopped the use of the exchange list, as he wanted the papers for himself. Twice during the life of the association, George Westover, and others, got up concerts and appropriated the funds to the use of the library to pay rent. The regular membership fee was a merely nominal sum, and consequently did not go far toward paying the expenses. When the interest began to die out, of course the supply of funds died out also, and at last, when there was nothing to pay for room rent, fire and lights, D. H. Sumner, who had been appointed librarian, resigned ; and finally, in the spring of 1871, after a few spasmodic gasps for life, the Library Association subsided. The books were then taken to George Westover's oflHce, he having been 'one of the leaders in the movement, where they remained until 1876 ; then the fire company boys, thinking they might as well have the use of what books there were, took them over to the engine-house where what is left of them can be seen piled up in the corner of the room. As they ai-e principally Patent OSice Reports, it is net probable that any one will bother with them further. So ends the public library, and it may be added, as a rule, that a library unsupported by a regular tax is usually a failure.

Ooonomowoc Yacht Club

The first boat built and launched on La Belle Lake, was built by Capt. Budd Parsons, and called the La Belle, A. D. 1849. The first boat club, called the La Belle, was organized in 1853, by Dr. James Lewis. The members' were the following gentlemen : John Parsons, E. Parsons, W. W. Collins, E. Hurlbut, H. Birdsell, H. G. Jones and G. P. Fay. In the same year another club, called the Scow Club, built a flat-bottomed boat, called the Dimasiptle. The following gents comprised the members : H. P. Lester, D. H. Rockwell, Dr. Wilson and Sam Dodge. In the year 1854, Lester built a sail-boat called the Kalanthe, and in 1855, B. Parsons & Son built a sail-boat called the Flying Fish, and in 1856, Capt. Gassman built a sailboat for D. H. Rockwell, called the Blue Bird.

Although the excellent opportunities afforded at Oconomowoc, and in its vicinity, for rowing and sailing, have always been fully appreciated by the inhabitants and summer visitors, and have been largely embraced during the past, yet no organization tending specially to promote these healthful exercises and delightful amusements was effected here, since the La Belle Club was disbanded, until quite recently. Although a yacht club had been spoken of or proposed at different times by interested parties, it remained for Mr. Sutton, and a few other leading boatists, to set the movement afoot, that finally culminated, two years ago, in the present yacht club.

There have been nineteen names added since the organization of the club. The oflScers elected for 1878, were as follows : Commodore, Walter L. Peck ; Vice Commodore, Charles T. Sutton ; Secretary, Charles B. Draper; Treasurer, D. G. Munger ; Measurer, H. Germain.

There are twenty boats in the fleet, boats of the first class being more than 18 feet in length. There is one steamer. Frolic, owned by H. H. Schufeldt, 35 feet long and 7 feet wide. There are eleven yachts, as follows :

The Club have a tidy floating club house, which lies anchored just northwest of the city, in La Belle Lake. It is comfortably furnished, and the walls are suitably decorated with marine views. On the top of the boathouse is the judges' stand.

Cemetery Association

The Cemetery Association was organized May 9, 1851, under the provisions of Chapter 48, of the Revised Statutes of Wisconsin. There were twelve charter members from among the best of the citizens. The first cemetery managed by them was located near Fowler Lake, and was called the Oconomowoc Cemetery. Lots were purchased and people were buried here until 1864. Then the association, becoming satisfied that the village would some time require a larger burying-ground, determined to have the old cemetery vacated and a new one established before it became too late. Accordingly, during the winter of 1864, J. R. Carpenter, then a member of the Legislature, presented a bill for this purpose. The bill passed, and the present site was immediately after selected, and named La Belle Cemetery. The Trustees were authorized to allow owners of lots in the old cemetery to select lots in the new one in exchange, and to pay them for moving their dead ; otherwise, to locate the lot themselves, and attend to the moving of the dead. The change of the cemetery created a great division of feeling among the people, which it took years to efface ; but it must now appear plain to every one, that the change was for the best, and entirely justifiable. The old grounds were sold in January, 1865, for $1,325, to Messrs. Thompson, Metcalf, Fowler- & Hall, and were afterward platted, and are now known as Hall's Addition. Before the Oconomowoc Cemetery was laid out, the people had a burialground on what is known as the Henshal Place. The business of the Association is transacted by six Trustees, who appoint a President, Secretary, and Treasurer, from among their number.

Accommodations for sutnmer guests and travelers, in and about Oconomowoc, are exceptionally good in every respect, being equal to the demands of the most fastidious and exacting. No pains are spared here to make the stay of transient or permanent visitors pleasant as well beneficial. How well the efforts of the landlords and people have succeeded in this respect is attested by the constantly increasing popularity of*the place.

Woodlands. - This is the home and resort of D. W. Small, and is a most lovely place, with extensive and finely wooded grounds, from which it takes its name, lying on the south bank of Lac La Belle. It is a delightfully picturesque retreat, and ranks as one of the most attractive places within the city limits, or in the county, and is presided over by a gentleman and lady by whom it is a pleasure to be entertained. The grounds were formerly owned by George Pugh, but were not utilized by him, unless the brickyard, which was in operation here for many years, be excepted. Mr. Small purchased and built first in 1860. In 1873, finding that his house was not nearly large enough to accommodate his constantly increasing patropage, he erected a large addition and remodeled the building, making a very commodious and stately residence. Again, a few years subsequently, he was obliged to build a cottage to keep pace with the demands of his custom. He has now ample room for about 100 guests.

Townsend House. - The first large first-class Hotel erected ia the county for the exclusive use of summer guests, was the Townsend House, which was built in 1870. Over $35,000 were expended in building and furnishing, and 100 days were required in constructing and fitting up. On the 19th day of June, 1870, a grand benefit opening was given. A train of cars was run from Milwaukee especially for the occasion, and hundreds of guests from abroad and at home were present. There was a grand banquet provided, and speeches and toasts were ofiered by some of the most prominent men in the State. The townspeople presented the house with three beautiful flags and a streamer. In the evening, the afiair wound up with the most brilliant party ever given in Oconomowoc. Severance & Williams' band discoursed sweet strains " till the wee sma' hours, " and the moments were annihilated by flying feet and thoughts that took no heed of time.

The first season, the builder and proprietor, Copeland Townsend, took in $14,000, and for several seasons following hai a similar run of custom. During the winter of 1875 and 1876, at the urgent solicitation of his many patrons, Mr. Townsend concluded to enlarge the house, and duplicated the first building throughout, at a very large expense. The house is now very large and commodious, there being ninety-one rooms elegantly finished and furnished. It is beautifully located on the east bank of Fowler Lake, and the grounds are large and very attractive. The accommodations throughout, provided at this establishment, are not surpassed by any in. the country, and the surroundings are such as to invite and charm the most fastidious. It is a very popular and prosperous resort.

Draper Sail. - This hotel, owned and managed by Martin T. Draper, although famous, from Wisconsin to the sea, as a delightful summer idling place, is also a regular hotel, kept open all the year round for the ti-aveling public. The original building, which contains office, hall, sleeping-rooms and winter dining-room, is the old store built by Fay, Collins & Cotton, in 1849; it was built of brick, and strengthened across the front by huge blocks of building stone brought from Waukesha. When the surrounding buildings were either torn down, or moved to the business part of the village, this, being too heavy to move and too valuable to destroy, was left, and, after its vacation as a store, was opened by Dyer Toplifi" as a hotel. Mr. Draper purchased the property in 1868, and named it, and began improving the surroundings, and advertising the place as a summer resort. He has been successful from the first, and has been obliged to enlarge the building at difierent times, besides taking all the rooms he can get in the neighborhood, from year to year, to accommodate his guests. The situation of Draper Hall is delightful ; facing as it does to the west, and on La Belle Lake, a superb view is aiforded. Main street passes directly in front and between Draper Hall and its grounds on La Belle Lake. There are several springs near this hotel, one of which, a treble one, is remarkable. The water from it is at 62° Fahrenheit all the year round, never fre'ezing in winter, and no fish have ever been able to live in it over night. The main spring is rank with iron, being of an oily, rusty, red color, and is five feet in depth ; another, twenty feet deep, near the same place, which has an outlet by tubing ; its waters are very similar to those from the Waukesha mineral springs ; and a third one, driven twenty-one feet into the earth, is soft and totally unlike the other two. A few feet distant is still another spring, from which th# hotel is supplied with drinking water. The summer guests of Di-aper Hall are in part from Milwaukee and Chicago, but largely from St. Louis and the South, with whom the place is in great favor.

La Belle Souse. - This hotel was named after the old hotel, and stands facing La Belle Lake, a short distance south of its shores. It was built about ten years ago by D. Topliff. It is a large frame building, that unfortunately is so situated as not to be pleasant for boarders. When shade-trees have grown up about the La Belle House, it will be one of the attractive places of Oconomowoc.

Jones Souse. - This hotel stands a short distance from and directly between the .railroad and school building. It is the resort par excellence of traveling men, and, with Mr. Jones, the genial and accommodating landlord at the head, it is an excellent place at which to stop. Within a few years, the place has become so rapidly popular that, notwithstanding the several additions he has built to the original structure from time to time, he has not enough room. The main building was built in 1872, and three additions were subsequently made. There is a north front of fifty feet and a rear extension of sixty feet with a veranda on the two sides, one hundred and seven feet in length. There are about twenty-six or twenty-seven comfortable, nicely finished, and furnished rooms in the house.

William Tell House. - The William Tell House was erected in the spring of 1858, and was intended at first for a private dwelling, but in the fall of the same year was opened as a hotel. In 1866 or 1867, an addition was built, increasing the size of the building to its present dimensions, which are 32x48 feet and two stories in height. About thirty guests can be accommodated, and there is also a commodious barn on the premises. The builder and first owner, Fred Gerber, is the present proprietor. There are two or three other hotels here, besides numerous boarding houses, that appear to be doing a land-office business, providing for the wJints of visitors and travelers.

Grifford's. - One and one-half miles from Oconomowoc, on the north bank of Oconomowoc Lake, is one of the most beautifully located and" perfect resorts, taken all in all, to be found anywhere. Every requisite necessity for a home, for social enjoyment, and for physical and mental rest, is here liberally provided either by nature, or the ingenious hand of man. There is boating, hunting, fishing, mineral water to drink, and plenty of the best to eat. George P. Gifibrd, Sr., at the time of purchasing this property, erected a private residence, intending to maintain the place simply as a home, but, observing the facilities attached to the place for comfort, and actuated by an innate hospitality, he invited his friends to visit him during the summer season ; these friends were delighted, and each year visited and revisited the place, until it became necessary to enlarge the private residence, and enlarge again, until it has assumed its present proportions, and become one of the most popular resorts on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. Its habitues find easy access to this city, and courtesies with guests of the Townsend House, Draper Hall, and summer residents, are freely interchanged. This resort is a favorite with the people from Southern cities, and many families have made it their summer home for several years in succession. The house contains seventy-five rooms ; fifty guest chambers, the remaining twenty-five being divided into parlors, sitting-rooms, dining-rooms, etc. Gifibrd's station, on the Chicago Milwaukee k St. Paul Railroad, is about seventy rods from the hotel grounds, and all accommodation trains stop here. There is a large dancing pavilion, billiard-room and bar, livery stable, bathing house, boats, etc., in connection with the hotel. In fact everything is provided that any reasonable person can expect or demand. The hotel is under the management of George P. Gififord, Jr.

Zion Church. - The services of the Protestant Episcopal Church were celebrated for the first time in Oconomowoc in the year 1841, by the Rev. Lemuel B. Hull, Rector of St. Paul's Church, Milwaukee. He officiated at this place once in four weeks, holding services usually at the log schoolhouse north of the bridge, and once at the residence of Mr. Foster. During the spring and summer, Mr. Hull came on foot from Milwaukee, thirty miles distant, to hold these services.

In August of the same year, services were held by the Rev. J. H. Hobart, and in September by the Rev. William Adams, now the distinguished Professor of Divinity at Nashotah. These gentlemen, with the Rev. James Lloyd Breck, were then sojourning at Prairieville, now Waukesha, contemplating the establishing of a mission school of divinity, which soon after became realized in the founding of Nashotah House.

In August, 1846, Zion Parish was duly organized. Dr. Adams continued to officiate during 1847-49. In 1850, the Rev. Dr. Cole, of Nashotah, was chosen Rector, and continued in charge until Easter, 1853. In the summer of 1853, the Sunday school was organized.

During Dr. Cole's rectorship, the church building was erected, at a cost of about $5,000. It is a substantial brick edifice, 25x50 feet, pleasantly situated on a point of land that juts into Fowler Lake. The church was built largely by money advanced by Mr. John S. Rockwell, and, together with the point of land on which it stands, was conveyed by him in a deed of trust to Dr. Cole, who, some years afterward, viz., in the year 1869, relinquished it by quitclaim deed, to the Rector, Wardens and Vestry, of Zion Church, Oconomowoc.

On Christmas Eve, 1853, the first service was held in the new church by Bishop Kemper, and subsequently, until the following Easter, services were maintained by the Rev. Lewis A. Kemper, and the Rev. E. S. Peake, of Nashotah. On Easter Monday, 1854, the Rev. Dr. Cole resigned the rectorship, and the Rev. E. S. Peake was chosen Rector. Mr. Peake continued in charge until the autumn of 1855 ; September 1, 1855, the Rev. L. W. Davis was chosen Rector, and continued in charge until October, 1861. During the years 1862-65, the Rev. Lyman Phelps, a graduate of Naphotah, was Rector. He was succeeded in the Rectorship by the Rev. Ezra Jones, for the years 1866-69. In 1870, the Rev. A. A. Fiske was chosen Rector, and continued in charge during the five years following, or until the summer of 1855. For two years succeeding Mr. Fiske's resignation, the rectorship, of necessity, remained vacant. During this interval, the Rev. L. W. Davis, former Rector, now residing in the parish, was invited by the Wardens and Vestry, from time to time, to ofiiciate as minister in charge. In 1878, Mr. Davis accepted a formal call to the rectorship of the church, and has continued in charge to the present time.

The Methodist Episcopal Church. - The Methodist Episcopal Church was first started by the Rev. Frink, who came here while preaching on what in an early- day was known as the Watertown Circuit. The first class was composed of Mr. George W. Williams, leader; and Mrs. George W. Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Day Dewy and Jonathan Dorrity, in the fall of 1841. Their services were held over the cabinet-shop of Day Dewy and Jonathan Dorrity, as a rule, although in after years, they at times used the schoolhouse. Mr. Frink was succeeded by Rev. Father Wheelock. After him, in 1843, the class was connected with the Prairieville Circuit, and shared the ministry of the Revs. L. F. Moulthrop and S. Snover.

The ministers who did work on the circuit here in pioneer days, were supported principally by missionary funds, although the settlers contributed as liberally as their means would allow'; yet, had it not been for said funds, it would have been many years later ere they could have enjoyed religious services. During Mr. Moulthrop's time, they' had their first revival.

The first church enterprise was commenced during the pastorate of the Rev. S. W. Martin, 1849. The prime movers in the undertaking were George W. Williams and Father Washburn. A lot was donated by John S. Rockwell, and the lumber and timber, with the exception of a few sticks, was supplied by Mr. Williams, also a part of the glass. This lumber and timber Mr. Williams had prepared to build a barn, but, for the sake of having a church, gave up the barn until four years later. Mr. Washburn furnished the stone to lay the foundation, drawing the same from his farm a mile distant, besides doing various other things to aid in building the church.

The church was ready for dedication by the 3d of February, 1850, when the Rev. W. G. Miller, D. D., who was preaching on the Watertown Circuit, came and performed that ceremony. From this time the church prospered, until a wolf in sheep's clothing got into the fold, in the person of the Rev. Mr. Maxon. He had been here but a short time, when his true character began to develope ; he was heard by different members, using profane language, and he was also accused of other immoral practices. At first, some of the members remonstrated with him,, but this only had the effect of incensing Maxon, who would not listen to any of the protests ^offered. Charges were then preferred against him by some of the members. At this, he went around and obtained signers to a remonstrance, both among members and outsiders. The Sunday following, he read out the names of some of his accusers, declaring that they were dropped from the church. The charges were ignored, although those who preferred them were prepared with proofs of his perfidy. The Sunday following this, twenty-one of the regular members withdrew, and within a month eighteen more left, making in all thirty-nine withdrawals. This so prostrated the church that Maxon had to call on two classes, one that had been established on Chatham street, and the other at Monterey, these being under his charge, to come and hold their services here. From this time until the departure of Maxon, and even for years after, the society was at "sixes and sevens," only gradually recovering strength with the addition of new members.

For several years the project of building a new church was discussed, and finally consummated in the erection of the present fine brick edifice. This building was commenced under the pastorate of Rev. George Fellows, 1867, and w^as finished in 1868, while the Rev. William. R. Jones was in charge. Previous to the erection of the new church, the old edifice was sold to the village, to be used as a school building.

Within two or three years after the new church was built, many of the disaffected members came back. Matters at this time, and for many years subsequent, went on quite smoothly, only excepting musical matters. As is nearly always the case in churches, there are, and always were in this shurch, a few worthies who could never endure any sort of an invasion upon old-time practices. Consequently, when the choir was started, and also when the organ was purchased, there were olljectors. However, in spite of opposition, as the years went by, the choir grew stronger and better, until at last it became noted as the best in the conference. Then, about four or five years ago, some of the members wanted the singers moved from the front to the back of the church, behind the pulpit, where they could be seen ; of course, this move met with opposition/but was brought before the Board, and they voted that the choir should be moved. Let no one suppose that this ended the struggle, for it did not ; that choir must go into the corner was the next cry, and into the corner it went. No sooner did this happen than the matter was referred to conference, and the choir were moved back again. By this time, the singers began to get thoroughly riled aiid angry, and, when Elder Hewitt came and took sides with the move element, then war was fully and finally declared. Mr. Hewitt's influence was such, that the choir, in spite of the vigorous support of friends, was moved back to the corner. In conclusion of that matter, sufiice it to say, the singers nearly all left, and that was the last of the finest choir in the district, and was also a signal for the withdrawal of several vigorous workers from the church. Under the direction of the present minister, the church appears to be getting along without any particular trouble. Owing to the condition of the records, it is impossible to give the names of but few of the ministers, who have officiated in this church. In 1863,N.J.Aplin; 1866, T. 0. Hollister; 1866, George Fellows; 1867, William K. Jones; 1870, J. S. McChesney; 1871, H. Sewell; 1874, A. Hollister and Thomas Clithero ; 1875, Samuel Lugg ; 1876, J. L. Hewitt ; 1877, George W. Burtch ; 1878, C. E. Carpenter, the present Pastor.

Congregational Church. - This 'church, the third in the place, was organized by Rev. S. Peet, August 3, 1845, with twenty-three members. The members of the church here were, for two years previous, united with the church at Summit, under an organization that bore the name of both places. The present society was formed by a mutual division of said church. Rev. J. P. Foster was the first minister and served the church from November, 1843, to February, 1845. Rev. N. Goodhue succeeded, and served as stated supply from May, 1845, for nearly two years. After him Rev. W. C. Fiske was employed. He officiated from October, 1847, to October, 1848. From this time on, for four years, the society was to a great extent destitute of preaching, only as they attended Methodist meetings. In October, 1852, Rev. Sidney H. Barteau was engaged, and discharged the duties of Pastor until September, 1856. The house of worship was completed in 1854, at a cost of $2,300, and was dedicated to the service of the triune God January 1, 1855, during Rev. Barteau's time. After the departure of Rev. Barteau, the pulpit was supplied by difierent persons, and by the reading of sermons, until December 15, at which time the services of N. G. Goodhue were secured for a year ; but, by his own request, he was released at the expiration of six months.

Again the services were conducted by difi'erent persons, either reading sermons or preaching. For a little part of the time there was no service. Sometimes this people met with the

Methodists, until September 20, 1857, at which time J. B. Preston began his labors, which lasted for a year ; after which. Rev. J. Williston was called, October 3, 1858, and remained nine inonths ; then arrangements were made with the church at Summit, and Rev. E. J. Montague was engaged to supply, for a year, the churches of Summit and Oconomowoc. At the expiration of the year, his entire services were secured for this church and society, and he remained as Pastor for more than twelve years, from January 1, 1860, to March, 1872. During this time the church building was enlarged and raised, so as to give place for rooms in the basement, which were used for a school for a time ; afterward, for prayer and other meetings of the church society.

After the expiration of this time, a call was extended to Rev. J. Allison for six months, from the third Sabbath of October, 1872. Mr. Allison remained with the church until June, 1874. This clergyman, although very talented as a preacher or lecturer, was as a man of principle, a failure. He was intemperate, and, by his obnoxious conduct and example, in that and other immoral practices, did the church and cause lasting injury. He ^afterward went into the . field as a temperance lecturer, but whether he ever reformed is not certain. He is said to be preaching yet. After him candidating was the order of the day, until the church became well-nigh discouraged by repeated failures to secure a satisfactory pastor. -

Rev. T. A. Wadsworth, late of Brandon, supplied from October 25, to December 6, inclusive. Then followed the labors of A. E. Tracy, who served the church faithfully from December 20, 1874, until the first Sabbath in October, 1878.

The pulpit was then filled by diiferent persons until December 1, when Rev. D. R. Anderson began his labors with the church society, in answer to a unanimous and urgent call, and at present date is the regular supply.

Oconomowoc Baptist Society. - It was organized November 7, 1867, with ten members. January 23, 1868, they were re-organized as a Regular Baptist Church, by a council of churches called for that purpose. There were then twenty-eight members, who were trying to build a church, and, according to their report, had f 1,350 subscribed for that purpose, and a lot paid for.

In 1868, they borrowed money to build, giving Mr. E. Hurlbut security on the lot and building for pay. They went on and had the basement finished and a large frame erected, when a young minister by the name of Ellis took charge, and, it is said, persuaded the church to disorganize, and repudiate the debt, then re-organize. They disorganized, and Mr. Hurlbut was left to do the best he could with the church. The church authorities were about to take the building ofi" his hands, when a tornado came along and relieved them of the necessity or inclination, by dashing the frame to the ground, where the remains of it can now be seen.

St. Jerome s Catholic Church. - The first service was held among the people of this congregaion, by Father Hobbs, of Mapleton, about 1858, in a private house. Fatlier Hobbs continued holding services in this section, in private dwellings, until 1860, by which time St. Jerome's Church was completed and ready for use. The church was erected under his supervision, at an expense of |1,500. Father Hobbs held services in the church from 1860 to 1865, attending the congregation as a missionary connected with Mapleton. From 1865, Father Vahey assumed charge, and continued the services, as a missionary from Mapleton. In 1870, Father Allen was appointed regular Pastor of the church, and served about a year. Then Father Scott was placed in charge, and remained two years and a half. After him came Father Keehan, who held the charge one year. Father Casey succeeded Father Keehan, and attended to the ministry for one year. Father McMahon followed, and ofiiciated for six months, until 1876. The church was enlarged in 1866, or 1867, by Father Vahey, at a cost of |1,000. The parsonage was built by Father Allen, in 1870, at a cost of $1,700. The present value of the

First German Lutheran Church. - The first services of this denomination were held in the spring of 1862, in the Congregational Church, the Rev. Mr. Fack, then Pastor of the Golden Lake Society, oflBciating. There were but few of the present congregation present. Services were held again July 1, 1865, in the same church, the Rev. L. Nietmann presiding. On this occasion, the society was organized, the following individuals becoming members : H. M. Peters, W. Wilkie, H. Zimmermann, Fred Meyer, Fred Krupnow, August Hartwig, Charles Rochout, John Selnow, Frederick Enke and August Mathias. The Rev. Nietmann served the society for some time after the organization. The lot where the church now stands, on the bank of Fowler Lake, and fronting on Lake street, was purchased July 10, 1869, by H. M. Peters from Judge Small, for |179. At that time there was a building on the lot, 14x16, to which they made an addition, of the same dimensions, and used the entire building for a church until the present edifice was erected ; the first services were held here during that summer by students from Nashotah Mission. On October 10, of this year, 1869, the Rev. A. F. H. Gebhard was called, and remained until July, 1870. He was succeeded by A. Krueger, who served from July, 1870, to September, 1872. His successor was Rev. J. Emke, who remained until July, 1877. The present Pastor came in December, 1877. This church was incorporated as the "Evangelical Lutheran St. Paul Community."

Our Saviour's Evangelical Lutheran Church. - This society was organized at a called meeting held at the house of Ole Halverson, and the first services were also held here. There were about twelve families represented at the organization. Subsequently, services were held around at dififerent private houses, and in the Lutheran Church, until 1873. In January, 1872, a meeting was held, and arrangements made for erecting a church. Ole Halverson donated the lot, and a building committee was appointed and the work started this year. The basement was completed ready for use January 1, 1873 ; the remainder is not yet done. The church is built of brick, and will cost, when finished, $3,000. The first minister was Rev. S. Gilmeyden; first regular Pastor, Rev. N. Brant; first members, Ole Halverson, Gilbren Jensen, Gunder Olson, Ole Sorbe, Gulick Peterson, Jacob Larsen, Hans Johnson, Mrs. N. Oleson, Mr. G. Johnson, John Elfsen, Nels Rasmussen and G. Ericksen.

The Scandinavian {Norwegian) Baptist Church. - This society was organized April 27, 1866, at the house of John Baratsen, on Walnut street, by the Rev. E. Gergensen, of Chicago. The first members were as follows, viz., John Baratsen and wife, Peter Jensen, Julius Jacobson, Jacob Johnson and wife, and Ingerberg Johnson. Afterward, services were held in different private houses in the city, until 1872, when they bought a house and moved it to the lot on Lake street. This was their church from that time until 1878, when they disposed of the old building and erected a small edifice at a cost of |600. This has been their place of worship since. The first regular minister was C. Westergeard, he was Pastor for three years. From this time until the fall of 1879, the church was supplied by various parties. In that year, K. Sunt, was chosen regular Pastor, and has been with them since. There are now about forty members, being an increase of thirty-three members from the first. The Trustees are John Evesen, James Nelson, and Nels Johnson.

Das Buch Ahynegelen. - The first service in this circuit was held in Monterey, by a local preacher. Christian Schafer, in 1857. He came from Watertown every other Sunday to preach, and to visit the folks. In 1860, the society was organized by Rev. John Rinder, who lived in Monterey, and came from there to Oconomowoc to hold services. Friedrich and Gesslak Humhbly were the first members. The first church was built in Monterey in 1860, at a cost of 11,000. The church in Oconomowoc was built in 1868, at a cost of $800. The list of the regular Pastors is as follows : John Rinder, October 20, 1839, to October 17, 1861 ; Florentine Feistkorn, October 26, 1861, to October 6, 1863 ; Henry Schultz, October 9, 1863, to October 12, 1864 ; Henry Overbeck, October 18, 1864, to October 17, 1867 ; Ernest Fitzner, October 18, 1867, to October 20, 1868 ; Charles Iwert, October 3, 1868, to October 6, 1869 ; C. F. Leipprandt, October 10, 1869, to October 18, 1870 ; Canradt Eberhardt, October 18,

1870, to October 6, 1872; John Brauer, October 8, 1872, to October 18, 1875; Peter Schafer, October 12, 1875, to October 12, 1877; Nikolaus Eifler, October 6, 1877, to October 18, 1879 ; F. F. R. K. Klenske, October 10, 1879. The present value of church property is : In Monterey, $1,500, and the church in Oconomowoc, $1,200. The number of members is thirty-six. The names of the first officers are Peter Hinners, Presiding Elder; John Kinder, Pastor; L. Schenk, William Bery, John Graper, Christ Groose, Charles Groose and G. Kysow. The present officers are, Frank Schimelpfennig, Phillipp Roth, John Zimmerman, Charles Woelike, G. Schinnemann, G. Kelling and Charles Hubner.

The Norwegian Methodist Episcopal Church was builr in 1875, on the street running east from the Townsend Hohse ; cost, about $700. The first members were dissenters from the Lutheran Church, and a few others. The first minister was Ole Worsen ; through his influence the church was built, he contributing largely toward it from his private means. The next minister was P. Smith - then a Mr. Thompson, who was succeeded by Rev. P. Jensen, the present minister.

Secret Societies

Ellsworth Lodge, No. 133, F. ^ A. M. - This lodge was organized under a dispensation granted by the Grand Lodge of the State of Wisconsin, dated June 18, 1861, to Henry G. Jones as W. M. ; George H. Simonds, S. W. ; Charles M. Hartwell, J. W. The charter was granted, June 13, 1862, to H. G. Jones, George H. Simonds, C. M. Hartwell, Georjre- C. Kinney, J. R. Carpenter, David Farote, Montreoville Young, G. A. Ludington, W. W. Collins, B. M. Jones, Joseph Fowler, Samuel Tucker and Josiah Wood ; Henry G. Jones, W. M.; George H. Simonds, S. W.; C. M. Hartwell, J. W.; Joel R. Carpenter, Secretary. Thfr same officers held until December 25, 1868. The officers installed every year are as follows :

Oeonomowoc Chapter, No. 4^, R. A. M. - This chapter was organized under a dispensation from the Grand Chapter, R. A. M., of the State of Wisconsin, October 24, 1871, to the following officers : George Vilas, H. P.; H. M. Ackley, K.; D. H. Rockwell, S.; J. R. Carpenter, Sec; and a charter was granted January 24, 1872, to Comp. George Vilas, H. M. Ackley, J. A. Henshall, D. A. Winton, D Mc L. Miller, D. H. Rockwell, G. A. Ludington, C. M. Hartwell, James McCall, Curtis Mann, H. G. Jones, F. D. Ludington, R. W. Griffith, George Craw and J. R. Carpenter, under the name of Oeonomowoc Chapter, No. 42, R. A. M.

Oeonomowoc Lodge, No. 127, 1. 0. 0. F. - The dispensation was granted to this lodge June 5, 1869, upon application of the following persons : John E. Moulton, August Borchert, F. W. Ernst, Peter Klos and P. K. Tucker. All of these gentlemen, excepting John E. Moulton. were, before this time, members of Franklin Lodge, No. 141, located at Delafield. The first meeting was held at Rockwell Hall, where they discussed the propriety of organizing a new lodge. As it would be much more convenient for them to meet here, and as it was only a question of time when they began, there being no doubt that there must be a lodge here some time, the sooner they began the better. After the granting of the charter, the lodge was regularly instituted June 26, 1869. The first officers were : N. G., John E. Moulton ; V. G., F. W. Ernst; Recording and Permanent Secretary, P. K. Tucker; Treasurer, Peter Klos; Guardian, August Borchert. Past Grands now in good standing are P. K. Tucker, E. D. Parsons, 0. P. Andrus, L. S. Carpenter, L. F. Stewart, E. L. Palmer, G. W. Cole, Thomas McNally, W. H. Bolson and D. G. Munger.

The present N. G., Ole Rosholt ; V. G., J. C. Van Horn; R. Secretary, Johnton; P. Secretary, P. K. Tucker ; Treasurer, E. L. Palmer. There has but one death occurred among the lodge members. John Brainard died April 6, 1877, and was buried with honors. P. K. Tucker is the only one of the charter members left in the lodge ; he has been an Odd Fellow for twenty-four years, and at one time belonged to Geauga Lodge, No. 171, oneof the strongest lodges in the State of Ohio. In case of death or sickness in this lodge, the members pay expenses by voluntary contribution, there being no weekly dues paid for charitable purposes. Within a term after beginning the lodge had increased to sixteen members. There have been 115 members in all. The annual celebrations of the order in the county have been held here two or three times.

Badger State Lodge, No. SW, I. 0. 0. J". - This lodge was instituted July 23, 1873. At that time F. W. Ernst, Peter Klos, F. WoUin, Willian Bueberman, L. H. Albert and August Borchert met in the present Odd Fellows' Hall as projectors of a new lodge, they all being members of Lodge No. 167. The meeting was called to order by Mr. Ernst, and its object explained. After general discussion, they decided to apply for a charter in German, and agreed upon the name ; $80 was voted to pay expenses of charter, and Deputy F. Paulfranz, was authorized to make application to the Grand Lodge for the same. The charter was granted, and they met July 9, 1873. The lodge was then duly instituted, and the following officers elected for the ensuing term of six months, viz.: N. G., Peter Klos ; V. G., August Borchart ; Rec. Sec, F. W. Ernst ; Per. Sec, L. H. Albert. When the lodge began, they had |77.90, their share of the funds from the treasury of the old lodge. They have had three deaths thus far, two men and - one woman (Rebecca). F. W. Ernst died February 18, 1874, and Charles Heise, July 12, 1879, Sister Augusta Newman died 'January 11, 1875. The widows and children of deceased, are paid a weekly allowance. The lodge holds its meetings in the old hall, in common with the English lodge. There are now twenty-three members, and the institution is in a healthy condition.

Temperance Societies. - A temperance meeting was held here as early as the winter of 1844. At that time a big sleigh ride on the ice of La Belle Lake, one afternoon and evening, was participated in by the majority of the people, and, when they were satisfied with riding, they all repaired to the old School House, and listened to a temperance speech by the Rev. Goodhugh, after which nearly every one signed a total abstinence pledge. George Pugh is said to have been the first one to forego his allegiance, and, upon being questioned about it, acknowledged the charge, but declared he forgot at the time all about it. Although there were lectures at different times, yet, it appears, as nearly as can be ascertained, that no regular temperance organization was formed here, until June 22, 1850. Then the Oconomowoc Division, No. 98, Sons of Temperance, was instituted by E. Hurlbut, Deputy Grand Worthy Patriarch. This lodge grew rapidly in size and influence after its inception. In October, 1853, the Grand Division of the order convened here and passed resolutions pertaining to a vote on the prohibitory liquor law, submitted by the Legislature to the people's decision, and made arrangements to canvass the State for the purpose of securing prohibition ; E. Hurlbut, who was elected the head of the Grand Division of the State, and others, were deputized for that duty, and the State was thoroughly stumped ; but notwithstanding, the movement failed. The Oconomowoc Division continued prosperous for several years, and at one time had as many as a hundred members, and could manipulate local elections etc., at will. At last women were taken in, and very soon after one of the members preferred a charge against another, in open lodge, of immoral conduct; and almost immediately thereafter the institution subsided, after running about twelve years.

In 1851, a section of the cadets of temperance was formed here with twenty-four young boys. This lodge flourished for awhile, gradually weakened and ceased.

Soon after the Sons died, a movement was set afoot to organize a Good Templars society, and in June, 1864, upon petition of twenty persons, J. Giles came on and instituted a lodge. This lodge like the others, had its age of growth, decay and death, and probably in its tiine did some good.

In after years another Templars' lodge is said to have come up. Phoenix-like, from the ashes of the old one, but did not exist a great length of time, going up at last where all good things are supposed to go. During the summer of 1866, the people were very much wrought up by a discussion which was published in the Oconomowoc Badger, and it is said the temperance men got so furious at last, that, when the next election came off, they carried the day. The authors of the articles were Wareham Parks, and Thomas Reed, editor of the paper.

For several years subsequent to the war period, the temperance movement did not seem to possess very much vitality, but was finally aroused from its lethargy by the Temple of Honor and Ribbon furore. A Temple of Honor was started in March, 1876, with nineteen char- ter members. This order has undoubtedly been largely beneficial to a goodly number of men, of very good standing, who were losing their influence and business through habits of intemperance. During the winter of 1877 and 1878, a series of lectures was held at Mann's Hall, and some of the churches, under the auspices of the Temple, and a large Blue Ribbon society was formed. The good done by the Ribbon movement seems almost entirely lost ; as that organization was never, in this or any other place, for some reason, of any great permanency.

In February, 1879, a council of select Tempalrs was formed. It is a similar institution to that of the I. 0. 0. F. Encampment, and embraces the higher degrees of the Temple of Honor. There were twenty-two charter members. These orders are now in a healthy condition. The Temple has about forty active members, including some of the best men in the city.

Oconomowoc Lodge, A. 0. U. W. - This lodge of United Workmen was established May 20, 1879, with the following members : M. F. Pauifranz, P. M. W.; J. F. Hopkins, M. W.; J. Weltner, G. F.; F. Gerber, 0.; W. H. Brunner, Recorder; P. W. Fay, Financier; Peter Klos, Receiver ; J. Bundscher,' J. W.; P. Venden, 0. W.

Manufacturing Establishments

The present flouring-mill was begun in the spring of 1855, and was completed in 1857. It is three stories high and 40x50 feet. There are three runs of stones, operated by four Goodwin , turbine wheels, one three, and the others four feet in diameter. The mill was calculated, at the first, to be capable of turning out 100 barrels of flour evei'y twenty-four hours ; but now^ since new machinery has been introduced, and the new process of grinding adopted, that amount cannot be made per diem. There is an unlimited water supply, and the dam has an eight-foot head. Taken all in all, this is one of the best mill properties in the county, if not the best. The mill was built by J. S. and D. H. Rockwell and Mr. Luck. . In 1864, 0. Hathaway purchased the interest of J. S. Rockwell, and in October, 1875, Luck & Hathaway purchased the interest of D. H. Rockwell. In 1879, Messrs. Ackley, Stone & Parks purchased the property and are the present owners.

/. Howell ^ Sons PIoh' and Cultivator Factory. - This factory was established in 1867, by I. Rowell, who was a plow maker-in the State of New York, before coming to this State, in 1841. The first plow-factory known to have been erected in the county was started by Mr. Rowell, on his farm in the town of Lisbon, in 1852. Here he carried on the business, on a small scale until 1867. About this time, Mr. Rowell's sons, Kendrick and Louis, built the shop here, which is 32x145, the machinery being operated by a twenty-horse-power engine. About ten years ago, Mr. I. Rowell, became a partner in the firm, which has since been styled I. Rowell & Sons. In 1873, Mr. M. Bush bought out Mr. I. Rowell's share, which he still holds, a half-interest, although the firm still runs under the old name. The factory has a large capacity, and does a profitable business. There are twelve men employed, and 1,500 cultivators, and 12,000 plows can be made per annum. Sales run from $25,000 to $30,000 a year, in this and adjoining States.

Foundry. - The foundry and machine shops of Hartmann, Hubner k Co., were built in May, 1879, and commenced business the same year. The building stands a short distance back from Milwaukee street. The foundry is 24x50, and two stories high. The machine shop is 30x50, and two stories high. A large variety of work is done here, as sawing, ripping, turning, casting rollers, etc. The machinery, which is very complete, is driven by a fifteen-horse-power engine. The building and fixtures cost between $5,000 and $6,000.

Union Carriage and Wagon Factory. - The Union Carriage and Wagon Factory was established on Milwaukee street, by William H. Young, the present proprietor. In 1854, Mr. Young began, with a small shop and limited capital, but has largely increased his capital and enlarged his shop, and now does about $7,000 per annum of work, and gives employment to eight men.

City Brewery. - The City Brewery, Peter Binzel, proprietor, was established by him on Fowler street, where the present building stands, in June, 1868. The first brewery was a small frame building, with a capacity of three or four hundred barrels per annum. The ice house was built in 1873; it is 24x60 feet. The present brewing building was built in 1877 ; is 40x78, two stories in height, with a capacity of 1,200 barrels per year, the most of which is sold in this locality.

There is also a grain elevator here, under the management of Mr. William Thompson, that is worthy of mention, as it does a large shipping business.

Joel R. Carpenter commenced the practice of law in Oconomowoc November 13, 1848, Edwin Hurlbut in 1850, D. W. Small, November 12, 1851, all by certificate, they having practiced in other places. The following were admitted on examinations in Waukesha County : William Hassell, March, 27, 1858 ; R. C. Hathaway, March 26, 1862 ; Warham Park, March 20, 1867 ; Charles H. Van Alstine, July 19, 1877, and E. D. R. Thompson, Dec. 2, 1879. Loran Edwards and Hobart Mason practiced a short time and moved to other parts.

Jonathan Dougherty, said to have been considerable of a pettifogger, attended to the legal business of the place before any of the above. He was also one of the first Justices of the Peace.

Loan Saxe was appointed the first Postmaster, as early as 1845. He was succeeded by W. W. Collins, who was followed by D. H. Rockwell. After him the ofiice was held by Thomas N. Stephens. In 1865, D. R. Thompson was installed and remained in charge until 1868; John C. Starkweather then took charge of the office, holding it until 1873, when Miss C. L. Edwards was appointed. After Miss Edwards, in 1875, Warham Parks was appointed and has since held the oflSce.

Dr. Townsend came in as early as 1846 or 1847, but never succeeded. He united with the physicians of the county in establishing rates for service soon after coming, and, the people thinking it a swindle, made a call for another physician. Then Dr. Little came. Dr. Conant arrived soon after and set up as partner with Dr. Little. Dr. Warner followed within a few years and set up practice. Then Drs. Saltzraan, Miller, Hopkins, Hays, Jones, Regan and Dale, all of them more or less popular and skillful physicians, came in turn to minister to the necessities of the sick. x

Ten years ago,- there were seven hotels, five dry goods stores, three drug stores, four hardware stores, three boot and shoe stores, two clothing stores, four tailor-shops, five groceries, nine saloons, three provision stores, two restaurants, two furniture stores, two harnessshops, three jewelry-shops, one bank, two livery stables, one carriage-shop, one foundry, one planing-mill, four cooper-shops, one bakery, two meat markets, a postofiice doing a business of $40,000, and paying $1,500 per annum; two district schools, five physicians, six lawyers, two Justices, seven ministers, one newspaper.

Picture-taking was first begun here in 1858 or 1859. The gallery was opened in what was known as Putnam's Block. C. M. Smith began learning when the gallery was first opened, and in a month had learned so as to take a picture ; this shows how far the art had progressed at that time ; yet, in justice to what was done, no matter if learned in a short time, it must be said that the work was fair, as shown by a picture now in Mr. Smith's possession. Mr. Smith bought the gallery and continued it for a short time, then sold. From that time on, the place has had a good gallery.