Rochester Village (part 2 of 4)

City officers for 1856 were : Mayor, Volney Hughes ; City Clerk, Edward English ; Treasurer, Abraham Hanson, re-elected ; Marshal, Michael Laughlin ; Assessor, L. B. Nichols ; Justice of the Peace, Hiram Tuttle ; Aldermen - George H. Paul, of the First Ward ; George Berens, of the Second, and George 8. Scott, of the Third ; School Commissioners - J. B. Jilsun and J. M. Coe, of the First Ward ; Jason Lothrop and C. Muntzenberger, of the Second, and Alonzo Campbell and Josiah Bond, of the Third ; Constables - E. L. Smith, of the First Ward ; E. F. Morris, of the Second, and S. E. McCarthy, of the Third.

At a special election for City Clerk, held May 13, 1856, H. T. West was elected to fill the vacancy ; at a meeting of Council, held May 19, John Gridley was elected Superintendent of Schools, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William Mattock.

City oflScers for 1857 were : Mayor, George H. Paul ; City Clerk, H. T. West ; Treasurer, A. Hanson ; Marshal, M. Laughlin ; Assessor, S. T. Brande ; Justice of the Peace, S. Ames ; Aldermen, A. Leonard, of the First Ward, E. D. Gillis, of the Second, and A. Burroughs, of the Third. School Commissioners - H. Lines, of the First Ward; C. Muntzenberger, of the Second; F. W. Lyman and S. King, of the Third. Constables - E. Weston, of the First Ward ; A. White, of the Second, and S. E. McCarthy, of the Third ; Superintendent oP Schools, J. B. Gridley ; Railroad Commissioner, S. B. Scott.

At an election held June 26, 1857, Henry Lines was elected Railroad Commissioner, and W. S. Strong Alderman from the Third Ward, to fill vacancies caused by the resignation of incumbents.

City officers for 1858 were : Mayor, George W. Paul, re-elected ; City Clerk, C. B. Lewis ; Treasurer, Abner Hanson ; Assessor, David C. Gaskill ; Justice of the Peace, Hiram Nettle. Aldermen - F. Robinson, S. Y. Brande and William Bone, of the First Ward; C. - - Muntzenberger, C. Schend and M. Washbish, of the Second ; D. Head, J. V. Quarles and L. - -- missioners - C. Briggs and J. B. Starkweather, of the First Ward; C. Muntzenberger and W - F. Halliday, of the Second ; F. W. Lyman and R. H. Denny, of the Third ; Jason Lothrop«=3DP and Henry Lines, of the Fourth. Constables - Michael Clark, of the First Ward ; John Sei -ivert, of the Second ; David H. Lane, of the Third, and W. Stilborn, of the Fourth. Superin - tendent of Schools, Michael Frank ; Railroad Commissioner, Henry Lines.

At a special election, held January 10, 1859, E. G. Runals was elected Railroad Commissioner, in place of H. Lines, resigned ; 0. G. Lange was elected School Commissioner, in plac< of George Bennett, resigned.

City officers for 1859 were: Mayor, Asahel Farr; City Clerk, C. B. Lewis, re-elected r Treasurer, A. Hanson; Assessor, G. Gillett; Justice of the Peace, Silas Ames; Marshal* John Thielen. Aldermen - Seth Doan, M. H. Pettit and David Crosit, of the First Ward; CSchend, Sheldon Fish and J. Leach, of the Second ; P. H. Hood, D. Head and T. D. Bond, of the Third ; I. Whipple, J. Lothrop, Jr. and A. White, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - Simeon King, of the First Ward; C. Muntzenberger. of the Second; Frederick W. Lyman, of the Third, and Gurdin Gillett, of the Fourth. Constables - Edwin L. Smith, of the First Ward ; John Seivert, of the Second ; R. E. Sampson, of the Third, and H. Holbrook, of the Fourth.

At a meeting of the Council, held April 18, 1859, Dr. Thompson was elected City Physician, Aid. White, Poormaster, and a number of candidates to minor city offices.

At a special election, held November 8, 1859, for one Alderman from the First and Fourth Wards, H. W. Hubbard and N. R. Allen were awarded certificates.

City officers for 1860 were: Mayor, Isaac W. Webster; City Clerk, Cyrus B. Lewis, re-elected ; Treasurer, Jared Brockett ; Assessor, John Erickson ; Justice of the Peace, Hiram Tuttle ; Marshal, Hugh McDermott. Aldermen - John NicoU, Levi Grant and J. B. Starkweather, of the First Ward ; Freeman Rose, Andrew SchoflFen and Mathias Huck, of the Second ; Daniel Head, Peter H. Wood and G. T. Vanarsdale, of the Third ; Alonzo White, J. Lothrop, Jr., and W. S. Vercelius, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - J. B. Jilsun, of the First Ward ; Conrad Muntzenberger, of the Second ; Lansing B. Nichols, of the Third, and H. H. Tarbell, of the Fourth. Constables - John Treston, of the First Ward ; John Williams, of the Second; Joseph Merrill, of the Third, and Hiram Holbrook, of the Fourth.

At a special election, held in the Fourth Ward, for Alderman, the Council canvassed the returns and awarded the certificate to T. D. Parsons.

City officers for 1861 were : Mayor, Milton H. Pettit ; City Clerk, Cyrus B. Lewis, re-elected ; Treasurer, Jared Brockett, re-elected; Assessor, R. B. Winsor; Justice of the Peace, Silas Ames ; Marshal, Hugh McDermott, re-elected. Aldermen - Levi Grant, John Nicoll and E. W. Blinn, of the First Ward; Christian Schend, P. J. Wolf and Mathias Schmidt, of the Second; D. Head, G. T. Vanarsdale and S. Baldwin, of the Third ; Jason Lothrop, Jr., Gurdon Gillett and Thomas D. Parsons, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - J. B. Doolittleand S. F. Comstock, of the First Ward ; P. J. Wolf and Mathias Jacobs, of the Second ; F. W. Lyman, of the Third, and J. P. Glover, of the Fourth. Con<?tables - John Treston, of the First Ward ; Charles Weller, of the Second ; J. Merrill, of the Third, and A. B. Williams, of the Fourth.

At a meeting of the Common Council held April 19, 1861, official cognizance was taken of the proclamation of President Lincoln announcing the commencement of hostilities in the war of the rebellion, and $500 was appropriated for the benefit of the families of volunteers enlisting for actual service.

At a special meeting of the Council held June 5, 1861, appropriate action was taken with reference to the death of Hon. Stephen A. Douglass, and a delegation consisting of M. H. Pettit, C. C. Sholes, M. Frank, E. W. Blinn, F. Robinson, D. Kearney, F. B. Head, E. C. Brown, I. W. Webster, D. Head, A. Farr, G. T. Reardon, F. Wilde and A. H. Thompson, were appointed to attend the funeral obsequies of deceased at Chicago.

At a special election for Alderman in the Second Ward to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Alderman Wolf, P. Rook received the certificate.

City officers for 1862 were : Mayor, F. Robinson ; City Clerk, C. B. Lewis ; Treasurer, J. Brockett; Assessor, R. B. Winsor; Justice of the Peace, R. H. Doming; Marshal, C. B. Westoon. Aldermen - David Crosit, J. W. Merrill and J. English, of the First Ward; P. Grosch, C. Schend and J. Schmidt, of the Second Ward ; J. V. Quarles, Eri Stevens and G. T. Vanarsdale, of the Third ; T. D. Parsons, J. D. Glover and J. Lothrop, Jr., of the Fourth. School Commissioners - H. H. Tarbell, Sheldon Fish, Paul Hammang, D. Head and A. H. Thompson. Constables - J. Treston, W. Borckenhagen, J. S. Ketchum and W. W. Baker.

City officers for 1863 were : Mayor, Frederick Robinson, re-elected ; City Clerk, Cyrus B. Letvis, re-elected; Treasurer, Jared Brockett, re-elected; Assessor, C. E. Bromley; Justice of the Peace, Silas Ames (two years) ; Marshal, Christian Schend. Aldermen - John W. Merrill, William A. Gerken and William E. Reed, of the First Ward ; Peter Grosch, John Schmidt and Andre Schofien, of the Second ; Daniel Head, G. T. Vanarsdale, James V. Quarles, of the Third ; James P. Glover, T. D. Parsons and Jason Lothrop, Jr., of the Fourth. School Commissioners - Frank H. Head, Mathias Washbish, Frederick Lyman and J. P. Glover. Constables - Edwin L. Smith, J. Rehmen, J. H. Ketchum and W. W. Baker.

City oflBcers for 1864 were: Mayor, Asahel Fair; City Clerk, Cyrus B. Lewis, re elected; Treasurer, R. H. Deming ; Assessor, Sheldon Fish-; Justice of the Peace, Albert G. Ode; Marshal, William Moeller. Aldermen - Levi Grant, M. H. Pettit and D. Crosit^ of the First Ward ; M. Zahnen, J. Schutz and A. Schoffen, of the Second ; G. Tl Vanarsdale, Thomas Pricture and 0. S. Head, of the Third ; J. P. Glover, J. Lothrop, Jr., and T. D. Parsons, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - H. H. Tarbell long term, and J. B. Starkweather short term, First Ward ; M. Washbish, long term, and M. Huck, short term, Second Ward ; H. R Hinsdale, Third Ward, and G. Gillett, Fourth Ward. Constables - S. L. Hastings, Fiift Ward; John Rehman, Second; J. M. Stebbins, Third, and W. W. Baker, Fourth.

City officers for 1865 were: Mayor, M. H. Pettit; City Clerk, C. B. Lewis, re-elected; Treasurer, R. H. Deming, re-elected ; Assessor, Sheldon Fish ; Justice of the Peace, Siln Ames ; Marshal, William Moeller. Aldermen - John H. Skeele, Henry H. Tarbell and Williaa E. Reed, of the First Ward ; Lewis Knapp, Sheldon Fish and David Whitcomb, of the Second;

D. J. Mowry, Rouse Simmons and 0. S. Head, of the Third ; J. P. Glover, J. Lothrop, Jr., and T. D. Parsons, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - Mark Dresser, of the First Ward; Peter Becker, of the Second ; G. T. Vanarsdale, of the Third, and J. P. Glover, of the Fourth. Constables - S. L. Hastings, of the First Ward; Peter Hugel, of the Second; J. G. Buddie, of the Third, and William Moeller, of the Fourth.

City officers for 1866 were : Mayor, Dennis J. Hynes ; City Clerk, Cyrus B. Lewis, re-elected ; Treasurer, Charles Frantz ; Assessor, Sheldon Fish ; Justice of the Peace, A. G. Cole ; Marshal, John G. Buddie. Aldermen - H. H. Tarbell, William E. Reed and D. Crosit of the First Ward ; C. Schend, M. Zahnen and P. Becker, of the Second ; G. T. Vanarsdale. J. M. Stebbins and T. M. Ackerman, of the Third ; J. P. Glover, J. White and B. Simmons, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - J. H. Skeele, C. Muntzenberger, A. Van Wyck and

City officers for 1867 were : Mayor, M. H. Pettit; City Clerk, C. B. Lewis, re-elected; Treasurer, Charles Frantz, re-elected ; Assessor, Andre Schoffen ; Justice of the Peace, M. A. Baker ; Marshal, J. G. Buddie, re-elected. Aldermen - David Crossit, John NicoU and J. E Bailey, of the First Ward ; J. Dennebecker, Joseph Hoffman and James Brannan, of the Second ; G. T. Vanarsdale, J. M. Stebbins and P. English, of the Third ; B. Simmons, Joseph White and J. P. Glover, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - H. H. Tarbell, of the Firet Ward ; N. Hikes, of the Second ; G. T. Vanarsdale, of the Third, and N. G. Backus, of the Fourth. Constables - A. B. Truesdell, of the First Ward ; A. Dickout, of the Second ; J. G. Buddie, of the Third, and William Tuttle, of the Fourth.

City officers for 1868 were: Mayor, I. W. Webster; City Clerk, P. Lentz ; Treasurer, Charles Frantz ; Assessor, J. W. Merrill ; Justice of the Peace, J. B. Jilsun ; M^irshal, H. Bostetter. Aldermen - F. Robinson, J. E. Bailey and A. P. Tymeson, of the First Ward; C Schend, M. Zahnen and John Bruns, of the Second ; Daniel Head, J. M. Stebbins and J. H. Sammons, of the Third; J. P. Glover, Burr Simmons and Joseph White, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - John English, of the First Ward ; M. Washbish, of the Second ; Daniel Head, of the Third, and E. P. Lewis, of the Fourth. Constables - John Engelhardt, of the Second Ward ; W. W. Baker, of the Third, and Alonzo White, of the Fourth. There being a tie vote for the office of Constable in the First Ward, A. B. Truesdell and Thomas Hunt, contesting candidates, appeared at a special meeting of the Council held April 13, 1868, when the election was determined in favor of A. B. Truesdell.

City officers for 1869 were: Mayor, F. Robinson; City Clerk, Philip Lentz, re-elected; Treasurer, J. E. Bailey; Assessor, S. N. Barber; Justice of the Peace, M. A. Baker; Marshal, Joseph Hoffman. Aldermen - E. W. Kingman, Thomas English and D. Quigley, of the First Ward; C. Schend, J. Meyers and A. Schoffen, of the Second; H. McDermott, L. B. Nichols and F. Cafferty, of the Third; B. Simmons, J. P. Glover and W. F. Halliday, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - J. B. Kupfer, of the First Ward ; Peter Grosch, of the Second ; G. C. Lawrence, of the Third, and N. G. Backus, of the Fourth. Constables - Pat Lyons, of the

Histouy Of Kenosha

City officers for 1870 were: Mayor, M. II. Pettit; City Clerk, W. F. Beckman; Treasurer, G. D. Head ; Assessor, A. Schoffen ; Justice of the Peace, J. B. Jilsun ; Marshal, J. G. Buddie ; Aldermen - Charles Frantz, Mark Dresser and George Yule, of the First Ward ; M. Simon, John Steinmetz and A. Schoffen, of the Second ; L. B. Nichols, E. L. Smith and B. P. Price, of the Third ; J. P. Glover, B. Simmons and G. C. Coleman, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - A. Farr, of the First Ward ; M. Jacobs, of the Second ; D. B. Tears, of the Third, and E. P. Lewis, of the Fourth. Supervisors - R. Simmons, of the First Ward; A. Schoffen, of the Second ; Dan Head, of the Third, and J. B. Glover, of the Fourth. Constables - A. B. Truesdell, of the First Ward ; M. Kleist, of the Second ; W. W. Baker, of the Third and M. Werve, of the Fourth.

City officers for 1871 were: Mayor, A. Farr; City Clerk, F. W. Beckmann, re-elected ; Treasurer, A. Schoffen ; Assessor, Sheldon Fish ; Justice of the Peace, J. P. Read ; Marshal, A. B. Truesdell. Aldermen - L. Grant, W. E. Reed and D. Crosit, of the First Ward; P. Becker, M. Stahl and J. Cremer, of the Second ; George Limpert, B. P. Price and L. B. Nichols, of the Third ; George W. Crane, G. Gillett and B. Simmons, of the Fourth. Supervisors - R. Simmons, of the First Ward; J. Dunnebacke, of the Second; J. M. Stebbins, of the Third, and N. R. Allen, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - Charles Frantz, of the First; J. Dunnebacke, of the Second ; D. L. Andrews, of the Third, and George W. Crane, of the Fourth. Constables^ - A. B. Truesdell, of the First; M. Battis, of the Second ; W. W. Baker, of the Third, and M. Werve, of the Fourth.

City officers for 1872 were : Mayor, A. Farr, re-elected ; City Clerk, F. W. Beckmann, re-elected ; Treasurer, A. Schoffen ; Assessor, W. S. Flusky ; Justice of the Peace, J. B. Jilsun ; Marshal, J. Tetard. Aldermen - W. E. Reed, Charles Frantz and M. Gallaghan, of the First Ward; C. Schend, M. Zahnen and M. Stahl, of the Second; L. B. Nichols, E. G. Durant and George Limpert, of the Third ; G. W. Crane, John Nicoll and H. French, of the Fourth. Supervisors - R. Simmons, of the First Ward ; C. Schend, of the Second ; J. M. Stebbins, of the Third, and J. P. Glover, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - A. Farr, of the First Ward; C. Muntzenberger, of the Second; D. B. Tears, of the Third, and S. C. Johnson, of the Fourth. Constables - A. B. Truesdell, of the First Ward ; J. Englehardt, of the Second ; C. C. White, of the Third, and J. S. Knights, of the Fourth.

City officers for 1873 were : Mayor, A. Farr, re-elected ; City Clerk, F. W. Beckmann, re-electe<l ; Treasurer, A. Schoffen, re-elected ; Assessor, William Lynch ; Justice of the Peace, J. M. Stebbins. Aldermen - W. E. Reed, M. O'Brien and D. Crosit, of the First Ward; M. Zahnen, John Schmitz and August Schroeder, of the Second; E. G. Durant, John T. Yule and 0. G. King, of the Third ; Phil Lentz, G. W. Crane and H. French, of the Fourth. Supervisors - R. Simmons, of the First Ward ; J. Dunnebacke, of the Second : D. Head, of the Third, and W. Cook, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - J. B. Jilsun, of the First Ward ; John Meyer, of the Second ; H. M. Rogers, of the Third, and N. R. Allen, of the Fourth. Constables - A. B. Truesdell, of the First Ward ; M. Hammang, of the Second ; J. G. Buddie, of the Third, and J. Williams, of the Fourth.

City officers for 1874 were: AJayor, I. W. Webster; City Clerk, F. W. Beckmann, re-elected ; Treasurer, Andrew Schoffen, re-elected ; Assessor, G. Gillett ; Justice of the Peace, J. B. Jilsun ; Aldermen - W. E. Reed, M. O'Brien and George D. Head, of the First Ward ; C. Schend, N. Huetter and John Bruns, of the Second ; I. Simmons, John T. Yule and E. Van Wie, of the Third ; P. Lentz, G. Weber and George Berens, of tlie Fourth. Supervisors - R. Simmons, of the First Ward ; C. Schend, of the Second ; Dan Head, of the Third, and P. Balsen, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - F. Robinson, long term, E. L. Grant, short term, First Ward ; C. Muntzenberger, of the Second ; V. French, of the Third, and G. Gillett of the Fourth. Constables - A. B. Truesdell, of the First Ward ; M. Stahl, of the Second ; W. W. Baker, of the Third, and A. Klipfel, of the Fourth.

City officers for 1875 were : Mayor, 0. G. King ; Clerk, P. Olker ; Treasurer, A. Schoffen, re-elected ; Assessor, Hugh McDermott ; Justice of the Peace, J. M. Stebbins ; Marshal, M. Stahl, Jr. Aldermen - George S. Baldwin, M. O'Brien and D. Crosit, of the First Ward : C. Schend, N. Huetterand M. Ilammang, of the Second ; John T. Yule, L. B. Nichols and H. Durkee, of the Third; E. D. Leonard, Jr., P. Lentz and P. H. Sager, of the Fourth. Supervisors - R. Simmons, of the First Ward ; C Schend, of the Second : Daniel Head, of the Third, and Walter Cook, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - E. L. Grant, of the First Ward ; John Meyer, of the Second ; C. L. Ely, of the Third, and I. W. Webster, of the Fourth. Constables - Thomas Hunt, of the First Ward; M. Stahl, of the Second; John G. Buddie, of the Third, and Walter Cook, of the Fourth.

At a regular meeting of the Common Council, held August 16, 1875, the death of Hon. Isaac W. Webster, Mayor of Kenosha in 1860, was announced, and a committee, consisting of His Honor, the Mayor, Alderman Nichols and Alderman Baldwin was appointed to prepare resolutions of respect, after which the meeting adjourned. September 6, 1875, P. Olker, City Clerk, resigned, and, at a special election held September 20 following, F. W. Beckmanh was elected his successor.

City officers for 1876 were : Mayor, J. V. Quarles ; Clerk, F. W. Beckmann ; Treasurer, Andre fSchotfen ; Assessor, H. McDermott ; Justice of the Peace, G. Gillett ; Marshal, M. Stahl, Jr. Aldermen - J. B. Kupfor, David Crosit and George D. Head, of the First Ward : John Englehardt, N. Huetter and John Bruns of the Second; John T. Yule, E. Van AVie and II. Williams, of the Third ; Philip Lentz, E. D. Le(tnard and W. C. Davidson, of the Fourth. Supervisors - J. B. Kupfer, of the First Ward; C. Schend, of the Second; D. Head, of the Third, and Jacob Ernst, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - A. C. Sinclair, of the First ; C. Muntzenberger, of the Second ; L. B. Nichols, of the Third, and John NicoU and H. H. Tarbell of the Fourth, the latter to fill vacancy. Constables - Thomas Hunt, of the First Ward ; James Joachim, of the Second ; E. J. Losie, of the Third, and F. Schultz, of the Fourth.

City officers for 1877 were: Mayor, A. Farr; City Clerk, D. B. Benedict; Treasurer, A. Schof!'en ; Assessor, Charles H. Blood ; Justice of the Peace, J. L. Richardson ; Marshal, James lYving. Aldermen - W. E. Reed, M. O'Brien and C. A. Dewey, of the First Ward; C. Schend, J. Burns and M. Gorman, of the Second ; E. Van Wie, H. VVilliams and J. T. Yule, of the Third ; E. D. Leonard, Jr., M. Zahnen and P. Kelly, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - J. B. Starkweather, of the First Ward ; James Brannan and John Meyer, of the Second ; J. V. Quarles, of the Third, and II. H. Tarbell, of the Fourth. Constables - John Hoye, of the First Ward ; M. Grienwald, of the Second : B. R. Jewett, of the Third, and Joseph Hoffmann, of the Fourth.

A special election for Aldermen, held on the 6th of November, 1877, resulted as follows: Joseph Meiler, from the First Ward; Mathias Brady and Michael Roders, from the Second; Benjamin P. Price and Fi*anz Brandt, from the Third ; P. J. Anracio, from the Fourth, ^r

City officers for 1878 were: Mayor, A. Farr, re-elected; City Clerk, D. B. Benedict, re-elected ; Treasurer, A. Schoffen, re-elected ; Assessor, William Lynch ; Justices of the'^eacCt G. Gillett, long term, and J. M. Stebbins to fill vacancy ; Marshal, James Irving, re-elected* Aldermen - M. O'Brien, George Hale and J. B. Kupfer, of the First Ward ; Christian Schend, C. Mucntzenberger and P. Grosch, of the Second : Henry Williams, A. G. King and M.^Hoye, of the Third ; Mathias Zahnen, Jacob Ernst and Patrick Wolsh, of the Fourth. Supei George D. Head, of the First Ward ; Christian Schend, of the Second ; Daniel HeacAl^ the Third, and Philip Lentz, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - A. C. Sinclair, of tHfe First Ward; Michael Gorman, of the Second; Ilosea Barnes, of the Third, and J. W. Hay^s, of the Fourth. Constables - Martin Boyle, of the First Ward : Matt Pritz, of the Seconds; B. R. Jewett, of the Third, and Frank Gill, of the Fourth.

At a special election, held September 2, 1878, the following Aldermen were elected to fill vacancies: J. B. Kupfer, H. S. Williams and James Riley, from the First Ward; Mathias

City oflScers for 1879 are : Mayor, F. Robinson ; City Clerk, D. B. Benedict, re-elected ; Treasurer, A. Schoffen, re-elected ; Assessor, Charles Wattles ; Justice of the Peace, James M. Stebbins; Marshal, James Irving, re-elected. Aldermen - Leonard Lee, William O'Brien and John Meiler, of the First Ward ; C. Muentzenberger, Peter Grosch and Christian Schwab, of the Second ; Henry Williams, J. Simmons and A. S. Newell, of the Third ; Henry Glover, " Frank Smith and N. G. Backus, of the Fourth. School Commissioners - A. C Sinclair and George D. Head, of the First Ward ; J. Englehardt, of the Second ; J. V. Quarles and Ichabod Simmons (to fill vacancy), of the Third ; N. G. Backus and E. D. Leonard, Jr., (to fill vacancy), of the Fourth. Supervisors - Paul Sauber and George D. Head, of the First Ward ; C. Schend, of the Second ; D. Head, of the Third, and P. Lentz, of the Fourth. Constables - J. Haughey, of the First Ward ; J. Weier, of the Second ; J. Tetard, of the Third, and Charles Grube, of the Fourth.

The Press Of Kenosha

The first printing press ever operated in this region, and one of the first in Wisconsin, was a home-made affair, constructed by Rev. Jason Lothrop, and employed in miscellaneous work during the year 1836. The reverend pioneer described his experiences in a paper published by the State Historical Society, in 1856, and from that sketch is taken an account of the printing of the Claimants* Union Constitution, given elsewhere in this work. As Mr. Lothrop enters into details in that article, it is needless for a repetition of his statements to be made here. Credit is accorded him for his patient and ingenious labors, while his name is recorded as that of the first practical printer in the county.

The Southport Telegraph was the first newspaper issued in what is now Kenosha County. On the 16th day of June, 1840, the first number of that journal was sent out. The name of C. C. Sholes was inserted in the heading, as proprietor, but, in the issue of July 7 appeared a card stating that Mr. Sholes' name was placed there in anticipation of his arrival. Circumstances prevented him from assuming actual control of the paper, and the announcement was made that thereafter the editorial labor was to be performed jointly by C. Latham Sholes and Michael Frank. The first paper was given up almost entirely to selections from other papers. The only local advertisers were : Pulcifer & Titcomb, house builders ; J. M. Stryker, proposal for a keeper of the light-house, which was then completed : Lee & Towslee, general merchants ; Elisha M. Kinney, general merchant ; H. Durkee, general merchant ; Francis Quarles, general dealer ; L. Baldwin, tinner ; HoUis Whitney, proprietor of the Temperance House, on Main street ; J. H. Boardman, proprietor of the Exchange - boarding, %1 per week ; Disbrow & Young, jewelers ; D. P. Stryker, physician ; William fiullen & Co., commission merchants; F. S. Lovell, lawyer ; H. B. Towslee, lawyer ; R. H. Munson, physician and druggist ; Samuel Hale, Jr., lumber dealer; Samuel Holmes, cabinet dealer ; Daniel M. Clarkson, tailor; J. H. Kimball, wood for sale, and W. 0. Buck, tailor. There were advertisements of a legal character inserted by Jason Lothrop, District Surveyor ; Warters Towslee, Postmaster ; and Samuel Hale, Jr., Judge of Probate. There was a tri-weekly mail south and east ; a weekly mail west; a triweekly mail north ; and a weekly mail to Aurora. The following note is suggestive : '^ N. B. - Persons wishing to have an account kept at the post office after the first day of July next, can do so by depositing money in advance, to meet their postage, and upon no other condition will an account be kept, or credit given.** The custom in those days was to send letters unpaid for. With the beginning of Volume III, June 28, 1842, the paper became the property of M. Frank and Charles C. Sholes, and, on the 3d of August, passed into the hands of M. Frank. Another transfer was made with the the fourth volume, in 1843, when C. L. Sholes returned. July 1, 1845, L. Guild and J. A. Butts bought the office, but the latter retired September 30, leaving Loring Guild sole proprietor. July 1, 1847, C. L. Sholes again took possession of the paper, and began the publication of a semi-weekly edition December 13, which lasted until April 7, 1848. January 4, 1850, C. Clement purchased the office, but Mr. Sholes continued to edit the paper in conjunction with him until October of that year, at which time he again became proprietor. February 28, 1851, Mr. Clement repurchased the paper, and Mr. Sholes retained the editor's chair until March 28, when Mr. Clement took up the pen. On Friday, March 14, 1851, C. Latham Sholes severed his connection with the Telegraphy expressing the hope that his services had '* not been entirely useless for good. Conscious of a desire only to benefit those with whom he has been in weekly converse, friendships and enmities are both immaterial." He concludes by recommending Mr. Clement to the patronage of all who are friendly to the principles of which the paper has been, and will continue to be a fearless defender.

In the issue of May, 9, 1851, an editorial appears, commending the introduction by "two of the wives of our most respectable citizens *' of ** short dresses and pants." The editor inclines to the opinion that " the frocks are a little too long, and the pants a little too full," otherwise the independence of the ladies, who dare do as they please, is admired.

The twelfth volume of the Telegraph was begun on the 27th of June, 1851. Among the advertisements to be seen in the paper of August 15, 1851, is one setting forth the existence of a theatre in Kenosha, and the further fact that *' C. B. Mullholand will appear as Rip Van Winkle and Mose^ in a ' Glance at New York.* "

The thirteenth volume of the Telegraphy " the oldest established journal in the State," was begun June 25, 1852, and was appropriately noticed in the editorial columns, which are headed,. " Free Democratic Candidates - For President, John P. Hale ; Vice President, Cassius M. Clay." In the issue of October 20, the death of Daniel Webster is announced. With the close of the first half of the thirteenth volume, C. C. Clement dissolved his connection with the paper, which passed into the possession of C. L. Sholes and M. Frank, the original projectors of the enterprise, who promise in the salutatory, to deserve public patronage and applause. Under their management, though the sheet was not enlarged, more space was devoted to local and editorial " copy,** and less to reprint, the result being that the Telegraph bore an appearance more in harmony with its object as the ''disseminator of news.** For example: Considerable space apportioned to the inauguration of President Pierce, the opening of the " American Crvstal Palace in New York City,** etc. ; the advertisements are more numerous and attractive, and" the make-up of the paper, as a cotemporary of the day observed, "is of a character that must elicit admiration from the fastidious.*' One of the most prominently-displayed and highly-colored of the advertisements of that day in the paper, warned Kenosha that '' P. T. Barnum would lecture in the Methodist Church on Temperance.** During the fall of 1853, Col. Frank was prevented by other duties from an active co-operation with Mr. Sholes in the publication of the paper, and, in December of that year, withdrew entirely from the management, his place being supplied by Mr. James Densmore, who had enjoyed previous editorial experience and was introduced to the reading public of Kenosha as thoroughly independent in his views, who would be the blind partisan of no school ; who would urge opinions mildly and give facts truly. Soon after, Mr. Densmore assumed connection, the question of publishing a daily edition of the Telegraph was agitated. Under date of January 20, 1850, it was announced that, after a " little more assurance of assistance ** had been secured, the daily would be issued. Such assurance seems to have been obtained, for, on the 10th of February following, it was published that the Daily Telegraph would "appear on Monday, the 13th inst., and regularly thereafter every morning at 8 o'clock.'* The paper did appear, and, as a daily record of current events, found favor for a time, at least. But, after running the gamut of an experience peculiar to all '* journals,'' the Daily Telegraph suspended on the 1st of January, 1854, for the reasons, as stated by Mr. Densmore, that the " associated press had put up the rates of telegraphing to an amount that was a total prohibition ; that arrangements had been completed for a consolidation of the two Republican papers into one, and to afford new parties an opportunity of effecting arrangements to renew it as soon as business opens in the spring, when it would be made a permanent institution." But its publication was never resumed, and to the present day the Daily Morning Telegraph is cited as the beginning and the end of daily journalistic ventures in Kenosha. In politics, the morning daily was an exact counterpart of the weekly - radically Republican - ^but the party was indisposed to divide its patronage, and the organ which assnmed to expound the doctrine six days in the week was forced by the proverbial l9gic of events to announce its suspension. This, however, did not have any effect on the old weekly, which, was piloted to an increased patronage and more generous circulation under the direction of Sholes & Densmore.

The union of the Tribune and Telegraph was effected January 2, 1855, and the first number of the Kenosha Tribune and Telegraph issued Thursday, January 4, promulgating as its political creed, decided opposition to any and every measure of the General Government that had for its object the extending and strengthening of slavery, and the building-up of one section of the country at the expense of another. Sholes k Densmore dissolved on January 1, and thereupon a union of the two papers was effected, with C. L. Sholes, S. S. Sohoff and J. A. Butts, editors and proprietors. Under this management, the paper became a more pronounced success, and as the organ of Fremont and Dayton in the campaign of 1856, commanded the admiration and respect of all parties throughout the State. The growing prosperity of the paper necessitated its enlargement, which was accomplished and presented to the public in its issue of Thursday, October 2, 1856. One column was added, the length increased nearly two inches, a power press of the Guernsey pattern procured, and the paper turned out proved one of the most entertaining weeklies published in the State. The partnership was continued until May 7, 1857, when Mr. Sholes retired, and the paper fell into the hands of his surviving partners, S. S. Schoff and J. A. Butts, under whom it entered upon the eighteenth year of its existence, attended by a success which it claimed to have earned by makine the paper '^ a welcome and useful visitant to the shop of the mechanic and the counter of the merchant.** On the 18th of March, 1858, the partnership between Schoff & Butts was dissolved, the former retiring, Col. M. Frank, one of the original editors of the Telegraphy who had resigned his position in 1853, succeeding to the vacancy. Thereafter, the paper was conducted under the administration of J. A. Butts, with M. Frank and J. A. Butts, editors, until September 16, following, when it was disposed of to W. S. & L. Stone k Co., who assumed possession at once, retaining the services of Col. Frank as editorial assistant, and publishing the sheet in the firm name of Stone Bros, k Co., with the motto, '^Liberty and Union *' prominently displayed on its first page. This partnership, however, was of brief duration, being terminated on June 9, 1859, with the close of the nineteenth volume, by the withdrawal of William T. Stone, the twentieth year of the paper's life bein^ entered upon with Leander Stone and S. C. Winegar as business managers. Col. Frank remaining editor-in-charge. On the 30th of June, 1859, D. C. McVean was admitted as a member of the firm, which was afterward known as Stone, Winegar k Co. The most important event perpetuated in the twentieth volume of the Telegraph and Tribune was an account of the Convention at Chicago, which nominated the first Republican ticket - Lincoln and Hamlin. The proceedings were reported in full, and proved quite a feature in the edition of May 24, 1860. The ticket, platform adopted, etc., were unfurled by the paper ^^ with feelings of the highest satisfaction,*' and, until the canvass closed successfully, their support urged with a sincerity that forced conviction. June 7, 1860, the paper was re-christened the Telegraphy and, in the issue of October 16 following, the names of the Stone Brothers as editors and publishers disappear, S. C. Winegar and D. C. McVean being substituted, with Col. Frank as senior editor. One week later, D. C. McVean retired, and S. S. Schoff assumed the '^pen of a ready writer,*' after an absence of two years from editorial labors. The twenty-first volume was closed and the twenty-second volume begun under the administration of Schoff k Winegar. The Democratic administration had been concluded, Lincoln inaugurated. Ft. Sumter fired upon, a call for troops issued, and the rebellion assumed its most formidable dimensions during these years. But the paper never faltered in its line of duty, and maintained the principles which it had advocated for a quarter of a century with uncompromising vigor and sincerity. With the issue of the 13th of June, 1861, the paper entered upon it8 twenty-second volume, having made, for twenty-one years, its weekly visit to the people of Kenosha County. The publishers announce in this connection that they will '^ continue to make the Telegraph what many have flatteringly styled it - the model family newspaper." It would also continue to advocate the principles laid down in the Chicago platform, and earnestly support any measure believed to be essential to the preservation of the Union, and to its progress upward and onward. The editorial and managerial departments remained unchanged until August 21, 1862, when Col. Frank retired, and S. S. Schoff was announced as the responsible editor, and on March 12 following, II. F. Schoff was advertised as a partner in the venture. Thus directed, the Telegraph recorded the triumph of the Union arms, and so remained until Thursday, August 24, 1867, when the good will of the paper was disposed of to C. C. Sholes and M. Frank, who once more resumed the several positions occupied by each on the same paper almost twenty-five years previously. Both names appear as editors and proprietors until March 6, 1868, when that of C. C. Sholes is retired, M. Frank remaining. In May following, H. McKinley became associated with Mr. Frank as part owner of the Telegraphy the latter, however, maintaining his position as editor, and, on October 15 following. Hays McKinley is announced as sole proprietor. On the 10th of December the paper was enlarged, and, as now, was issued in quarto form, comprehending forty-eight columns, M. Frank continuing as editor until March 25, 1869, when his name was withdrawn and that of Hays McKinley appeared as proprietor and publisher. As such he has continued to be almost constantly up to the present time, and not only has he succeeded in maintaining the reputation of the paper, but materially contributing to attract and cultivate its popularity in Wisconsin, as also the Northwest.

The Southport American was established September 23, 1841, by J. B. Jilson and N. P. Dowst, editors, and Edward H. Rudd, printer. It was Whig in politics. The columns were filled with political editorials, miscellaneous selections, and a few advertisements. The local advertisers were : Whiting & Co., salt for sale ; Marshall & Phelps, hardware ; Royal B. Waldo, clothing; Head & Jilson, lawyers ; Daniel M. Clarkson, tailor; S. Hale, Jr. & Co., dry goods; Thomas C. Udall, general merchant ; Blish & Whitney,* general store; Torrey, Morrison & Co., merchants ; Samuel Holmes, Jr., cabinet maker ; H. N. Miner, sash and doors ; Isaac George & Co., gunsmiths; E. W. Morris, barber; D. Walker, surgeon; L. L. Pierce, shoe store; D. P. Stryker, physician ; and the tax sales of Racine County, amounting to ninety-nine descriptions. Local events were entirely ignored, excepting such as were political in character. Ample space was given to foreign news, two months old at the time of publication, and to Eastern news ; but the art of making a local paper was not known among the newspaper men of Kenosha. December 21, N. P. Dowst became sole editor, and January 6, 1842, A. & W. Mygatt purchased the office, but retained Mr. Dowst as editor. April 7, Wallace Mygatt became sole proprietor. June 15, 1843, Mr. Mygatt retired, and the paper passed into the hands of Louis P. Harvey, afterward Governor, and who was drowned at Pittsburg Landing, during the war. During that year, Mr. Harvey became associated with Loring Guild, in the publication and proprietorship of the paper, retaining the editorial direction himself, however. With the issue of October 19, 1844, the American was presented to its subscribers "with an enlarged sheet, containing seven columns of matter to the page, with improved mechanical arrangements, and the addition of new type,'* indicating that success attended the venture, and a commendable desire to meet the public demands. On the 22d of September, 1845, the publication of the paper was disposed of to A. B. Tobey & Co., and the name of L. P. Harvey, as editor, disappeared from the head of the editorial columns, though it was understood that he would continue to write for the paper under its new management ; and in December of the same year, J. A. Butts became a partner, and was known with Mr. Tobey as proprietor and publisher. In September, 1846, L. P. Harvey, who had, for three years and upward, as editor-inchief, molded the policy of the paper, announced his formal withdrawal, and the exclusive control of the American was thereafter assumed by Messrs. Tobey & Butts, who promised to maintain, to the utmost of their ability, the reputation the paper had acquired under the management of its former conductors. The partnership continued until November 21, when the doctrines of the Whig party were advocated by Alvan B. Tobey, 8olu9, the name of J. A. Butts becoming invisible at its accustomed place at the head of the editorial columns, which* are prefaced with

Iiistoky Of Kexosha

With the close of Volume VI of the American^ September 13, 1847, A. B. Tobey's connection with that journal ceased, and was succeeded, both as editor and proprietor, by Wallace Mygatt, who in January, 1842, succeeded N. P. Dowst under similar circumstances. But Mr. Mygatt retired a second time from the editor's sanctum, about the 22d of March, 1848, leaving the establishment, with the good- will of the paper, and all the appurtenances thereunjto belonging, to Henry 0. Sholes, by whom the policy advocated by Mr. Mygatt was continued, there being no alteration in any of the departments transferred, though the day of publication waa changed from Wednesday to Friday, and lasted until October 28, when the original day of issue was resumed. In an American of May 80, 1849, it wa« advertised that a daily paper would be started the following Monday, and in the paper of that day the announcement was made that Myron S. Barnes had been associated in the editing and publishing of the paper ; also that in the " new undertaking, the publication of a daily paper, we have incurred new responsibilities, but we intend to satisfy the public that perseverance and industry shall not be wanting on our part to make The American one of the best papers in the State.** The daily was advertised as the Daily Ledger^ published every evening (Sundays excepted), at the office of the American^ by Henry 0. Sholes & Co., Myron S. Barnes, editor, and delivered to subscribers at 12i cents per week, or $5 per year, payable half-yearly, in advance. The weekly was published by the firm of Sholes k Barnes, and its issue continued weekly until Wednesday, October 10, 1849, after which it was discontinued. The editors in that issue announced that its regular publication would be discontinued for a few^ weeks, for the purpose of settling up the accounts of the office. In the mean time, an advertising sheet would be published, and that of the American permanently discontinued, another paper taking its place. But no substitute was ever offered, and the American still reminds the oldest inhabitant, as also those who refer to its files, that its race was run in October, 1849.

On Tuesday, the 23d of April, 1850, the banner of the Kenosha Democrat was unfurled to the breeze of popular favor, by J. T. Hildreth, with an assurance to the pul>lic that the paper would firmly and fearlessly support the rights of the several States of the Union and a strict construction of the American Constitution, believing that instrument a sacred bond of free government, which should be maintained unchanged in the spirit of the democratic Fathers of the Republic. The paper presented an exceedingly agreeable appearance, ^as generously filled with legal, local, legislative and telegraphic news, miscellaneous information, mail, market and transportation intelligence, and fully realized the expectations the promises its projectors gave birth to. Among the prominent advertisers were : Hale, Monney h Co., Sawyer & Co., Hubbard k Bonn, Edward H. Rudd, F. Robinson, Dr. Giles, E. I. & A. M. Tymeson, W. 0. Buck, Ryerson k Morris, Greene & Co., Ball k Elkins, Errickson & Gottfredson, and Thomas Quillnan, merchants ; Josiah Bond, Elijah Steele and John L. V. Yates, lawyers ; J. B. Starkweather and W. H. Farmer, physicians; the Franklin House, American Hotel, Runals and Durkee Houses ; F. W. Lyman, boots and shoes; D. C. Gaskill, life insurance; Isaac N. Stoddard, real estate, etc., of Kenosha, as also '*ads ** from abroad.

June 20, 1851, the Democrat came out in a new dress, issuing the first number of the first volume of a "new series" which should be *' independent in everything - neutral in nothing," and published every Friday, by George H. Paul. From the files, it appears there was no edition of the Democrat published under the dispensation of J. T. Hildreth, from January 24, 1851, until the "new series" was undertaken as above stated, by Mr. Paul. The latter proved to be a newsy sheet, containing a great deal of information upon a variety of subjects, and typographically, as in other respects, apparently, an improvement upon the Democrat first introduced.

Some time in June, 1853, Volney French, the present Probate Judge of Kenosha County, assumed the assistant editorship of the Democrat^ and served in that capacity until about May

19, 1854, when John M. Coe, of Milwaukee, purchased an interest in the establishment, and became responsible for its business and e<litorial management. After a career of two years as the formulator of Democratic public opinion, Mr. Coe disposed of his. interest in the Democrat to Messrs. Hodder & Strong, and retired from active duty. The purchasers issued the initial number of their venture on the 25th of April, 1856, enlarged to eight columns to the page, and guaranteeing to subscribers that the undivided attention and earnest efforts of the publishers should be devoted to making the paper desirable to patrons, and respectable to city and county. The politics of the paper remained as under Mr. Coe, Democratic.

On the 4th of June, 1856, John M. Strong, the "junior partner of the concern," ceased his connection with the paper, for reasons "based upon unavoidable and unforeseen business events that rendered his stay in the city for any certain length of time almost impossible/' hence he retired, and Mr. Hodder appeared before the public as sole editor and proprietor. The issue of June 4 commenced a new volume of the Democrat. The efforts of Messrs. Hodder & Strong to educate the residents of Kenosha County up to the standard of State Rights Democracy assumed by the incendiaries who burned the city of Lawrence, Kan., had not been attended with success. Mr. Hodder, in his first appearance before the public, states, as a result of his experience, the conclusion that in the effort to add voters to Democratic ranks, he is destined " to perform an immense amount of labor and undergo an incalculable amount of anxiety for a very large non-equivalent.** He is "arrogant enough to believe that there is not an editor in the State who possesses such a happy faculty of losing business and driving away subscribers** as himself. This qualification he "seems to have so far exercised, that there will be no arresting its action.** ''The editors," says the writer, "are feeding on no government pap. allowed no per centum of the stealings from either the State or the nation, have no moneyed friend to back them in consideration of the thunder manufactured for him, and have no promise of being made Lord High Admiral of the Government forces in Kansas, nor of being made Minister Plenipotentiary to some European court. When the enterprise was started, numerous promises were made by friends and enemies. At the time of writing, the latter had kept theirs faithfully, the former forgotten theirs entirely. Yet the editors are not discouraged; they regard their prospects as flattering as those of any young men in the city, because they are certain their affairs will either soon close up and they will be out, or take a turn and keep them in. In either event they would be content. In starting a new volume, it was, in that day, usual to suggest that it wa« a good time to subscribe. In the present instance, the editors considered such suggestion entirely unnecessary, as they were assured no one would dare do such a thing. A Ithough these reflections were not in harmony with the feelings or to the interest of the publishers, these gentlemen were confident that the facts would prove exceedingly interesting to citizens whom they promised to keep advised in the premises from time to time, until that predicted crisis in their affairs, s'zspension, should overtake them."

The editorial from which the above selections are made, was published as stated, June 4, 1856, and the last issue of the Democrat^ on file, bears the date November 26, following. When the " Act of Bankruptcy,** predicted in the editorial as possible, came to pass, is not of record, but public opinion, that proverbial arbiter of mooted questions, unites in the belief that the decease of the Democrat occurred early in December, succeeding the election of Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency. It remained quiescent, so to speak, until September 9, 1859, when it was resurrected, or rather a paper bearing the name of the Democrat^ but disclaiming " any connection whatever with the affairs of any other newspaper ** which had been theretofore published in Kenosha, was issued under the editorship of S. Cadwallader, as a Democratic newspaper. Two volumes of the paper were published under the administration of Mr. Cadwallader, who warned his readers that at the close of the second volume, the " next issue would announce an important change " in the management.

On the 2d day of July, 1857, D. Cassius McVean and Isaac D. George, composing the journalistic firm of D. C. McVean & Co., introduced the Kenosha Times, as a candidate for popular favor and patronage, publishing in a conspicuous place in the paper, where all wlio can might read, that, politically, such men and measures as commanded respect and confidence would be supported, and that, too, without subserviency to any party. The paper, however, was put forth as the organ of the Democracy, and so regarded and supported. This partnership lasted until September 17, of the year in which it was entered into, when its dissolution was published; Isaac D. George retaining the paper, assuming all liabilities of the firm, and being credited with all its assets. April 15, 1859, his name appears for the last time, as ** editor and proprietor." Between that date and May 13, 1859, the paper, owners and politics - John A. Butts having purchased its good-will - translated an hitherto organ of Democracy and upholder of James Buchanan and his administration, into an advocate of Republicanism and its principles, which the Times defined as comprehending ^* human progress in all that ennobles man,'* civil, religious and political freedom, free soil, free labor, free speech, and a free press. Mr. Butts urged the adoption of these principles upon the Northwest, single handed and alone, for nearly two years, but in the issue of November 22, 1861, J. H. Tracy is promulgated as co-editor, and in that of January 31, 1861, the firm of Butts & McVean (D. Cassius McVean) is put forth as the editors and proprietors, with J. H. Tracy as the senior editor. When the call for troops came, three months later, McVean entered the service and became Captain of Company 6, First Wisconsin Regiment, in which capacity he served three months. Upon the return of his regiment, in September, he aided in its re-organization, and re-enlisted for three years, having in the meantime severed his connection with the Times^ which was continued by J. A. Butts, with J. H. Tracy, senior editor. This arrangement was carried on until February 20, 1862, when Mr. Butts announced his disposition of the Times to J. H. Harrison & Co., who assumed control one week later, and installed J. Bond as editor. Three months after, almost to a day, the paper passed into the control of S. B. Taylor & Co., Mr. Bond still officiating in the editorial department. The firm name disappears early in 1863, and there is no record of the paper subsequent to January 22, of that year. The paper expired in that year, and the materials were transported to Chicago, to be used in printing the Real Estate Record of Hill & Gage.

The Democracy, or, rather, what assumed to be the conservative element inhabiting Kenosha County and vicinity, remained without an "organ," after the demise of the Democrat^ until the close of the war. But when peace again smiled upon the land, and soldiers had beaten their swords into plowshares, and spears into pruning-hooks, it was deemed a fitting time for the revival of "an organ " that should, in a generous spirit, seek the pursuit of a policy, having for its object the restoration of the Republic to her former unity, prosperity and happiness, irrespective of person or party, and as the exponent of sentiments that cherished a Christian spirit, indulging in no malice or venom to further wound the feelings of those who have not been converted by the force of arms, or convinced by the logic of abuse. In such a spirit, and for such an end, was the Kenosha Union established, say the founders of that journal in the initial number, issued June 28, 1866, by " I. W. Webster and George Hutchinson, proprietors,'* through its editorial columns, managed by the former gentleman.

The journalistic infant certainly bore an appearance both acceptable to readers and promising to its sponsors. The twenty-four columns composing its "make-up," gave evidence in the selections, editorials, locals and advertisements with which they were filled, that the undertaking was determined to deserve success. Politically, the editors manifested a disposition to adopt a line of policy smothered with independence. In regard to the manner of re-establishing harmonious relations between the States, the Union believed that " there was no way under heaven to arrive at a correct and satisfactory conclusion, buc by the use of common sense.'' It was the plain duty of the people to look after reconstruction themselves, and not wait for their servants to find out, by continually quarrelling with each other, what they can know just as well by the use of a little common reasoning. Neither " my plan *' nor the plan of Congress, observes the Union^ will succeed in restoring this country to harmony and happiness, until the people learn that the late rebellion was not the first in the history of the world, nor of this country ; and that " traitor " is not the coinage of the last few years. Finally, the conquerors must practice, to some extent, that high Christian virtue of doing unto others as they would have them do unto them, before reconstruction and re-union can become accomplished facts. These excerpts, from editorials published in the first numbers of the Union, indicate the tendency of its publishers toward pronounced Democracy, which it gradually assumed and has indexed until within a year past, since when the claim is made by Locofocos that the paper is independent rather than Democratic ; that its Democracy is " dizzy," and that its motto - **No North, no South ; No East, no West," are flittering generalities without force.

Volume II was begun June 27, 1867, with I. W. Webster as editor and proprietor, who announces the success of the paper, and the intention of its owners to *' enlarge the sheet " in a short time. This promise was fully requited on the 22d of August following, when *' the sheet " was enlarged and otherwise improved. Mr. Webster continued as editor and proprietor until April 22, 1869, when Smith & Goodrich were quoted as ** publishers," Mr. W. still wielding the editorial quill. On Thursday, the 14th of October, 1869, the decease of Mr. Goodrich's mother called that gentleman to Michigan, and he dissolved his connection with the Union. Mr. Webster thereupon resumed the publication of the paper in addition to his editorial duties, Mr. Smith taking charge of the printing and job departments of the oflSce. Under this administration Volume V was begun under the '^ most favorable auspices, and at a time in the history of this Republic, when a vigorous, honest, outspoken journalism was more demanded than ever before." Mr. Webster retained control of the paper (assisted during a portion of 1875, by J. A. Harrison in the mechanical department only), until his death, which occurred on the 14th of August, 1875, of ossification of the heart.

From the date of Mr. Webster's death, until November 1 thereafter, the paper was conducted by A. C. Arveson, Clarence Snyder, local, the editorial department being presided over by the Hon. Volney French. On the Ist of November, the Union was purchased at private sale by J. A. Killeen, who came West from New York City, a short time previous, and settled in Kenosha. He retained the services of Judge French, who was known as editor-in-chief until the spring of 1877, since when, Mr. Killeen has discharged the varied duties himself, and to-day is the owner of an enterprising, newsy, growing weekly, independent in politics and attractive in appearance and contents.

The Harbor Improvements

The improvement of the harbor has ever been an object of especial interest on the part of citizens of Kenosha from the days of the settlement of Southport, until the present time. The importance of accomplishing a desideratum so indispensable to the prosperity of the city was evef appreciated, and opportunities to effect this end have never been permitted to pass unimproved. Until late years, annual appropriations were made by the city and Government for the improvement of the harbor, which was designed to be 150 feet wide and of navigable depth from theextreme eastern point of the island to the docks in the then business center of the village.

The action of the Government until the year 1846 has been referred to elsewhere. On-^cr-rj July 3, of that year, an election was held on the expediency of levying a tax of 2 per cent foi the work, and, in April following, the bill pending in Congress for the erection of a beacon-lighi became a law. Col. Alton, however, reported that the harbor pier at Southport and other harbors, which he names, were not in a condition to receive a beacon-light, but that he " will cause a structure to be be built for temporary use." On the 8th of August, 1847, the village decide( at a special election to levy an additional tax of 2 per cent for the improvements or borroiw?^ ^5,000 for that purpose on the credit of the city. This sum was borrowed from John Bullemand others, and George Kimball appointed to superintend the work. Col. Alton acting on behalf" of the Government.

In July, 1847, Mr. McReynolds, Superintendent of Lighthouses, located the lighthouse on the island, and, on September 14 following, proposals were advertised for, the same being dated at Detroit ; the total Government appropriations to that date aggregating ^27,500.

Within the past ten years, and for some vears previous, large amounts aggregating ?135.- 807.41 have been appropriated by the Government, a lighthouse and beacon-light equal to any

On Monday, July 1, 1850, a resolution was introduced at a meeting of the Common Council declaring that the tax levied for harbor improvement August 22, 1849, was illegal and should be refunded. The resolution was adopted, and thereafter the records of the Council are replete with applications for a rebate of that tax, which was in nearly every instance allowed.

On the 24th of February, 1851, a committee was appointed by the Council to ascertain the extent of the obligations the city was under for money expended in perfecting repairs, etc. The committee submitted its report in accordance with the resolution, in that behalf, to the effect that there was yet due the sum of $4,228.86, and that the city held certificates amounting to $2,- 997.07, the sale of which were recommended and the application of the proceeds to the liquidation of said indebtedness. The report was adopted and its provisions carried into effect. On March 31 of the same year, a special election was held for the purpose of obtaining the consent of property holders to levy a tax of $10,000 for rendering the harbor navigable. The election was almost unanimous in favor of the proposed levy, which was made. J. H. Hackley was appointed to superintend the improvements contemplated; contracts for materials were concluded with Alfred Burroughs and others, and, during that season, the work progressed satisfactorily.

February 16, 1852, and again on April oof the same year, amounts aggregating $1,866. oO were appropriated to the liquidation of claims against the city on harbor account held by Samuel Hale. On the 18th of May following, by a vote of the people, a tax was levied for the purpose of raising the sum of $5,000 for harbor improvements, but its collection was deferred until the same should be directed by the Council. During that year, resolutions providing for the holding of elections to legalize the appropriation of $30,000, $26,000 and $20,000 for the harbor fund were introduced in the Council and laid upon the table; but the records of that year furnish no data of the appropriation of moneys to these uses other than indicated.

With the dawn of 1853, a renewed interest was awakened in the work, and the citizens appear to have been roused to a determination to accomplish the long-desired end. On the 25th of January, the Common Council adopted a resolution directing the holding of a special election on the 10th of February, to decide upon the further appropriation of $10,000 for the completion of the harbor undertaking. By subsequent action, the election was postponed until February 23, when it was decided to make the assessment provided for in the resolution. This amount was to be evidenced by bonds to be issued by the city, bearing 10 per cent interest, and their sale delegated to Aldermen Evans, Bond and Kimball, who negotiated their transfer with G. E. H. Day, and upon which the interest was paid regularly. A dredge was purchased, and worked under the supervision of Alonzo White, and again the work proceeded in a manner that elicited commendation and encouragement.

In 1854, at an election, holden April 4, $5,000 were voted for harbor purposes for that year. A special meeting of Council was convened for the purpose of examining reports on the work done, estimates of work proposed and ascertain what was necessary for its continued prosecution. The meeting was addressed by Lieut. Gamble, of the Engineer Corps, United States Army, who proposed a plan of operations, and, in a lengthy argument, urged its adoption. After some canvass of the merits of the plan submitted, the same was considered favorably, and acted upon. Later in the season, a second meeting was called to confer with Lieut. Col. Graham, the Government agent, and, if possible, effect an arrangement by which some concert of action might be agreed upon that would facilitate a completion of the work. The utmost harmony prevailed and the conference concluded by the adoption of the city plan. The Mayor was authorized to negotiate a loan of $1,500 from the Kenosha City Bank for the completion of a necessary part of the work ; scrip was issued for the indebtedness incurred in the work, and the unexpended balance of the Government appropriations were directed to the raising of harbor piers and the completion of two cribs, the extension of the piers being at that time deemed unnecessary. On September 4, a balance of $966.24 was reported as remaining on hand April 4, from the appropriations made during the fiscal year, which amounted to $8,515.94.

On April 4, 1855, the sum of $4,000 was voted to carry on the work daring the ensuing year, and the Harbor Committee was instructed to ^^ push the improvements as long as means could be obtained for that purpose/* In June, the Finance Committee was authorized to borrow $1,000, and again, in October, $700 additional, to be applied on the work, the original appropriation having become exhausted. Nor was the sum suflScient, for, by the records, it appears that $5,000 was voted for on December 18. This completed the labors for that year.

In 1856 (May 26), a new dredge was procured at a cost of $12,000, and $910 were borrowed from Z. 6. Simmons to pay for labor. On June 10, another special tax was levied, from which $5,000 were obtained for necessary expenses, incident to the improvements.

On the 19th of January, 1857, a committee, consisting of Aldermen Paul, Crosit, Fish, Scott, Berrens and Doming, was appointed to examine the work and estimate the amount necessary to continue the improvement for the ensuing year. The committee discharged its duty and reported as follows: Assets, $10,379.78; liabilities, $13,591.41, leaving a deficiency to be met of $3,212.63. The committee announced that, as the result of its investigations, the harbor ^' had become a fixed fact, and that all that would be required of the city for its completion and preservation was the appropriation of a small sum annually." The committee also recommended that scows be constructed ; that provision be made for discharging the present indebtedness, and a small amount for work, amounting in all to $10,000, as follows : Deficiency, $3,212.03 ; interest, expenses and commission on bonds, $1,895, and cost of scows and harbor work, $4,892.97. The report was adopted, and an ordinance passed providing for the projected improvements ; also, for the issue of $10,000 in bonds, payable in ten years, and drawing 10 per cent interest. At an election held February 10, following, the action of the Council was approved, and three scows of capacity of thirty-five cubic yards each, were contracted for at a cost of $600 apiece. At the close of the fiscal year, the Treasurer reported that he had received $13,738.65 on harbor account, of which he had expended $12,693.82, leaving a balance of $1,045.83 to the credit of that account. During that year, Lieut. Col. Graham made a survey of the harbor. In November another tax of $3,000 was levied for the improvement, and Sheldon Fish superintended the work.

On September 13, 1858, a committee, consisting of Aldermen Fish, Whipple and Bone, submitted a report of the harbor, which caused no inconsiderable sensation, and elicited some comment. The report set forth that the work had been directed by the chairman of the Harbor Committee without instructions from, or the co-operation of said committee; and that the interest of the city had suffered from the want of an intelligent head to give direction and efficacy to the work.

On the 7th of October, 1858, the Financial Committee reported in favor of appropriating $3,075 to pay the accrued interest on harbor bonds ; also, $2,000 for carrying on the work. The report was accepted, and the city deferred further action for that year.

In 1859, but little was accomplished by the city beyond the holding of a special meeting to provide for the payment of $3,090 interest on harbor bonds.

On the 21st of May, 1860, Aldermen Lathrop, Wood and Van Arsdale moved the appointment of a committee to draft a memorial and circulate a petition to Congress for an appropriation of $5,000 to provide for a light on the east end of the north harbor pier. The motion was adopted, but the records are silent as to what result attended the effort.

On the 16th of July, the Harbor Committee reported that there was due from the city a balance of $400, on account of the moneys collected on the work for the year 1859, and recommended that the same be appropriated to the rendering of the North Side channel free from the bar formed there, and repairing the crib. In October following, an effort was made to levy an assessment of $2,000 for the same and other improvements, but was defeated at the polls, and, . on May 19, 1802, Aldermen Quarlesand English reported $395,066.34 as the amount due from the city on harbor and railroad bonds.

History Of Kexosiia

Since the date last above mentioned, annual appropriations, amounting in the aggregate to upward of 9^0,000, have been made by the city for the work, which is now in a fair navigable condition, the mouth free from bars, and a depth of water averaging thirteen feet, being maintained throughout its course. The current year witnesses a number of improvements in progress, including the dredging of a new channel on the north side of the river from a point opposite the foot of Main street to Allen's tannery, which is being done under private contract, the building of a swinging bridge, etc.

Thus far, the work has cost the city fully $75,000, which is in part represented by bonds, a portion of which are held by citizens of Kenosha, who have paid for the improvements, an amount equal to nearly one-half that expended by the corporation. Much remains to be accomplished, but those interested (and all are interested) are sanguine of the ultimate perfection, in all its features, of this important artery of commerce and consequent prosperity.

Fire Department

The present organization was incorporated under '* An Act to incorporate the Fire Department of Kenosha City," approved March 8, 1851, and consists of two engine companies, two hose companies, one hook and ladder company, and one steamer, the " I. W. Webster.'* Under the act of incorporation, Isaac W. Webster was nominated as President of the Department ; H. B. Hinsdale, Vice President; Frederick S. Lovell, Secretary; John R. Phelps, Treasurer, and John E. Henry, Collector, who constituted the Board of Trustees, and held office until the second Monday in January, 1852, when an election was held and their successors qualified. At tnat time, the service was made up of two hand-engines, the '' Park City ** and '* Star," and one hook and ladder company, the '^ Rescue," under the direction of H. B. Hinsdale, Chief, but the growth of the city necessitated a yearly increase, and gave birth to the Germania Engine Company, No. 3, in 1875, to which also the steamer "Webster," purchased of the Silsby Manufacturing Company, of Seneca Falls. N. Y., for ^(5,500, was added.

Star^ No, 1. - Joseph Widman, Foreman ; Peter Brannon, First Assistant ; John Preddis, Second Assistant; Frank Hartnel, Secretary; H. E. Clark, Treasurer, and forty-one men.

Uaffle Hose. - D. Harff, Foreman ; A. Schumacher, First Assistant ; T. Hartnel, Secretary ; H. Harff, Treasurer ; B. Herzberger, Steward, and fifteen men.

The Department is supported by moneys accruing from fines and penalties by law, or ordinance appropriated thereto ; by the annual tax of two per cent assessed upon premiums received or agreed to be taken by insurance companies not chartered by any law of the State, and by donations not specially devoted to the Firemen's Benevolent Fund. The moneys thus raised are credited to the General Fund, and applied to paying incidental expenses connected with the support of the service ; any surplus remaining in the treasury, belonging to the General Fund, at the close of the fiscal year, becoming part of the ** Firemen's Benevolent Fund," which, in addition to the unexpended surplus, is made up of moneys devoted especially to said fund, and from sums received upon the admission of honorary members. The interest of this fund is appropriated, under the direction of the Board of Trustees, to the relief of disabled and indigent firemen and their families. The present officers are : President, W. E. Reed ; Vice President, Paul Sauber ; Secretary, A. Burg ; Treasurer, George D. Head ; Collector, Henry Georgen ; Fire Wardens, John Hoye, M. Greenwald, George Barber and M. Zahnen ; Trustees, Henry Georgen, Michael Hamraang, John Fassbinder, T. L. Whitbeck, W. Symes, P. Brannan, J. T. Yule, Lee Fellows, J. Hoye, Peter Grosh, Frederick Sanger and August Huck.

The amount in the treasury to the credit of Relief Fund estimated at ^1,500 ; amount invested in engines, hose, implements, etc., ^12,000. Water for the extinguishment of fires is obtained from reservoirs sunk into the earth, about the city, but no water-works of a reliable character are yet in existence, though their building is contemplated this summer.

Post Office

The postal facilities of Southport, according to reliable accounts, must have been of a character the opposite of satisfactory. When the settlement was first begun, settlers obtained letters at long intervals, and then only by sending an order of delivery to the postal officer at Chicago, accompanying the same with '^two shillings*' to pay the expense incident to transporting the letter from the place of its authorship to Fort Dearborn. In 1886, the mail was carried between Milwaukee and Chicago on an average of three times a week by the old prairie route, and letters for Southport were left at the tavern of George Willis at a point distant from the lake, and causing no inconsiderable inconvenience to the merchants and citizens of the thriving village to which the letters were addressed. In 1840, Waters Towslee was appointed Postmaster, and the office was removed to a point on the shore of the lake that has long since yielded to constant washings, and become a part of the lake bed. In time, the business demands necessitated a removal of the " city's center " to a portion of the village where it would be more accessible to the public, and the move was made to the building now occupied by F. W. Lyman, at the corner action of the daily increasing business, another move was made south on Main street to a building^^^ g near the corner of Park street, where it remained for several years, when the national depository foraK: 4bt letters was once more moved to the building on Market street, where it is at present located. Thc^^ ^e different departments in the office at present are the mailing, distributing, money-order and stamptizy p departments, requiring the services of one postmaster and two assistants for a proper discharg^^ -re of the duties, and producing a net revenue to the Governmant yearly. The total receipts lasP" -J^t year amounted to $6,538.20 ; the expenses, including salaries of Postmaster, clerks' hire, rent oM" --f building, etc., to $2,955.00 leaving a balance paid the department of 33,583.20.

The Kenosha office is the only point in the county where money orders can be procured, and. as a consequent, the business in that department is not only extensive, but rapidly increasing.

For the year ending March 31, 1879, domestic money orders were issued to applicants froi Kenosha, Bristol and other points in the county, to be paid in Canada, elsewhere, and th^s United States, to the amount of $39,336.79 ; at the same time, orders from abroad aggregating $25,298.79 were paid, and a balance of $14,138 was deposited to the credit of the service witb. the Postmaster at Milwaukee.

The following is the list of Postmasters who have served in Kenosha County from its first settlement to the present day : Warters Towslee, Henry B. Towslee, H. B. Hinsdale, C. Latham Sholes, Simeon King, George Paul, M. Frank, I. W. Webster, F. S. Lovell, I. W. Webster and Charles Frantz, the present official.

In the fall of 1835, tlie system of education which has been attended with such satisfactory results in Kenosha, was inaugurated by the Rev. Jason Lothrop, who established a night school in his private residence. Tliis was succeeded by a day school after a brief experience, of which Mr. Lothrop was Principal. He remained in this capacity until the summer of 1838, when the school was assigned to the care of Mrs. Caroline Quarles, then Mrs. Allen, who taught one year

Histoky Of Kexosha

(her school was attended by about thirty scholars), for which she received her board and ^S per week. During the same year, Miss Kialtby maintained a school in the basement of Doming & Durkee's store.

In 1842, a schoolhouse was erected on Main street at a cost of $1,000, but as to who taught, or farther particulars, the records are silent.

As Kenosha increased in size and importance, the necessity for improved educational facilities became apparent. Accordingly, R. H. Deming (now known as the father of the free-school system), together with other gentlemen, in 1847, commenced the erection of the present highschool building. The work progressed until October 9, 1848, when bein^ in debt, and apprehensive as to the result of their undertaking, Messrs. R. H. Deming, S. C. Pierce, L. Heyles, F. W. Lyman, P. T. Roe, E. W. Wilton and 0. F. Dana, issued the following request :

'' To the Trustees of School District No. 1, of Southport : You are hereby requested to call a school meeting of this District, to see if the voters thereof will raise a tax for the completion of the schoolhouse now building in this District."

On January 24, 1849, a meeting of the legal voters was held ; L. L. Pierce presiding as Moderator, and Oscar F. Dana, Clerk. Its object was stated - '^ to ballot for, or against, the collection of a tax of $2,000 heretofore levied,- to wit, on the 18th day of October." At that meeting 251 ballots were deposited, and, when the election boxes were opened, and the returns made up, it was found that of those 251 persons voting, 183 had voted to make the levy, and 68 JELgainst it. The assessment was made, the tax collected, and the school completed, Zuingilus C. Greaves being called from Kingsville to take charge of it as Principal, under the supervision of a Board consisting of John B. Jilsun, Director ; Reuben H. Deming, Treasurer ; and Oscar F. Dana, Clerk.

On September 21, 1849, at a meeting of the Board, Mr. Deming submitted his report as Treasurer, showing $946 liabilities, with $362 assets ; or, a deficit of $584 to be provided for. That amount was raised, the indebtedness cleared ofi*, and matters ran along very smoothly until 1850, when, on account of the tardiness displayed by scholars in their attendance at school, the Principal, after conferring with the Board, caused the school doors to be closed for the session against all scholars coming late.

His action was ratified by the Board at the annual meeting held in September, though causing complaint among many of the parents of the pupils ; and on October 8, John BuUen, Jr., M. Holmes, R. Bell, H. B. Fowler, R. Tuttle, A. Lewis, Orlando Foster and Edward Race, signed the following communication : '- To J. Bond, Clerk of School District No. 1. You are hereby requested to call a special meeting of the legal voters of said District, to be holden at some convenient time according to law, for the purpose of taking action on the subject of raising a tax, and for other purposes connected with the business afiairs of the District ; and to take into consideration the propriety of closing the doors of the schoolhouse against the entrance of scholars at any time." Obedient to the request, a meeting was called on October 26, John B. Jilsun presiding, and the diflSculty adjusted by the passage of a resolution ofiered by Orlando Foster (the present janitor of the school), providing that thereafter *' the doors of the school shall be open at all hours for the admission of scholars."

This action, however, failed to secure an approval sufiiciently unanimous to convince the public of its equity or utility. Many argued that the objects for which the school was provided would be defeated, while others were equally confident that its revocation would be followed by results disastrous to the cause of education. Finally, on the 26th of October, 1850, the dispute climaxed, and the Clerk was instructed to call a meeting of the Board to reconsider the vote by which the officers were elected at the annual meeting. It was signed by Edward Bain, H. B. Towslee, Orlando Foster, M. Holmes, M. Pomeroy and M. Sykes. On November 11, the meeting was held, and a motion made to place Mr. H. B. Towslee in the chair, a proceeding which would have been fatal to the election at the annual meeting ; but the motion was lost, and Mr. Theodore Newell was called upon to preside. This was regarded as a victory for the advocates of the free-school system, who adopted a resolution ratifying the proceedings of the annual meeting, except that portion relating to the closing of the doors against dilatory scholars. This concluded the labors of the "opposition," and they very wisely retired. Thenceforth, everything ran smoothly.

About 1855, it was found that the first building erected was growing too small for the increasing attendance, and, accordingly, at a meeting of the Board, held on October 15, it was decided to build another schoolhouse in the First Ward of the city, for which purpose a tax was to be levied of ^3,000. The meeting also resolved "that scrip or other evidences of debt should issue to the amount of $7,000," and the Legislature subsequently, by special enactment, provided for the issue of the scrip.

On April 9, 1856, an annual meeting of the Board was convened, at which, among other matters disposed of, it was decided to procure the building of another schoolhouse in the First Ward. The same was to be two stories high, with a capacity of not less than two hundred nor more than two hundred and forty scholars. J. B. Jilsun, J. Bond and J. Glover were appointed a Committee on Building, to superintend the construction and attend to the outfit of the new edifice. On July 4 of that year, the corner-stone was laid, the ceremonies being witnessed by the " City Fathers," who attended on a special invitation extended them by the Board. About the same time, the old building was remodeled and a wooden building erected in the North Side Ward. Up to January 16, 1862, nothing occurred to affect the serenity of the members of the Board, but on that day, at their meeting, they were officially informed that the new schoolhouse had been damaged by fire from the register or smokepipe to the extent of from $324 to $350, which, however, was covered by insurance. Their, serenity was restored when they learned this latter fact ; but, instead of paying the five teachers employed, who were, unfortunately, by the calamity deprived of the exercise of their several vocations for four weeks and two days, their salaries in full, they liquidated the obligations on the basis of $10 each.

Since that day, the history of the schools has been that of success. The results have been most gratifying, and served to increase not only the interest of teachers and the public, but th attendance of scholars. The teachers are thoroughly qualified for the work upon which they a engaged, fully comprehend its details and secure to their pupils a perfect familiarity with th scholastic curriculum.

Under the old regime, and before the organization of a School Board, the educational inter ests of Kenosha were supervised by a Board consisting of one Director, Treasurer, Clerk an Superintendent.

1853 - J. B. Jilsun, Director; Abraham Hanson, Treasurer, and Josiah Bond, Clerk- Mr. Hanson died at Liberia, South Africa, whither he was commissioned as representative of the Government bv President Lincoln.

In 1856, the school system was changed. The officers to be elected were apportioned through the city, each ward being entitled to two representatives, elected annually, to serve two years each, after the first election, at which the candidates were elected for one and two years respectively, the presiding officer and Clerk being elected by the Board, the latter .also being authorized to discharge the duties of School Superintendent.

At the election holden that year in accordance with the provisions of the new law, the following ticket prevailed : John B. Jilsun, Jason Lothrop, Alonzo Campbell, Conrad Muntzenberger, John M. Coe and William Mattocks. Commissioner Jilsun was elected President, William Mattocks as Clerk and Superintendent. On May 17, Mr. Mattocks resigned, and the vacancy was filled by the appointment of John Gridley. This Board served through the year 1857.

1858 - H. Lines, F. W. Lyman, R. H. Deming, W. F. Halliday, M. Frank and J. B. Starkweather. H. Lines, President ; M. Frank, Clerk and Superintendent.

I860 - Gurdin Gillett, Simeon King, H. H. Tarbell, L. B. Nichols, John B. Jilsun and Christian Schend. Gurdin Gillett, President; J. B. Jilsun was appointed Secretary and Superintendent, and the vacancy on the Board was supplied by Council appointing S. F. Comstock.

1862 - Conrad Muntzenberger, of the First Ward, in place of Paul Hammang, who failed to qualify ; Sheldon Fish, of the Second ; Daniel Head, of the Third, and A. H. Thompson, of the Fourth.

1866 - G. T. Van Arsdale, M. Dresser, P. Becker, E. P. Lewis, J. r. Glover, John Skeele, Pettit, A. Van Wyck. A. Van Wyck, President ; Mark Dresser, Secretary and Superintendent.

1867 - E. P. Lewis, H. H. Tarbell, N. G. Backus, C. Muntzenberger, N. Hutter, A. Van Wyck, John Skeele and Mark Dresser. A. Van Wyck, President; Mark Dresser, Secretary and Superintendent.

1869 - Peter Grosch, D. Head, N. G. Backus, G. C. Lawrence, J. B. Kupfer, John English, E. P. Lewis and M. Washbish. D. Head, President; A. Van Wyck, Secretary and Superintendent.

1870 - Asahel Farr and J. B. Kupfer, of the First Ward ; Mathias Jacobs and Peter Grosch, of the Second ; D. B. Tears and George C. Lawrence, of the Third, and E. P. Lewis and N. G. Backus, of the Fourth. E. P. Lewis, President ; J. B. Jilsun, Secretary and Superintendent.

1871 - Charles Frantz and Asahel Farr, of the First Ward ; Joseph Dunnderck and Mathias Jacobs, of the Second ; D. L. Andrews and D. B. Tears, of the Third, and G. W. Crane and E. P. Lewis, of the Fourth. Asahel Farr, President ; J. V. Quarles, Jr., Secretary and Superintendent.

1872 - C. Frantz and A. Farr, of the First Ward; C. Muntzenberger and Joseph Dunnderck, of the Second ; D. L. Andrews and D. B. Tears, of the Third, and G. W. Crane and S. C. Johnson, of the Fourth. Asahel Farr, President ; J. V. Quarles, Jr., Secretary and Superintendent.

1873 - J. B. Jilsun and Asahel Farr, of the First Ward; John Meyers and Conrad Muntzenberger, of the Second ; H. M. Rogers and D. B. Tears, of the Third, and N. R.

1874 - F. Robinson and E. L. Grant, of the First Ward ; Coni*ad Muntzenberger, of the Second; H. M. Rogers and Volney French, of tlie Third, and N. R. Allen and Gardin Gillett, of the Fourth. Volney French, President ; H. M. Simmons, Secretary and Superintendent.

1875 - F. Robinson and E. L. Grant, of the First Ward; C. 5luntzenberger and John Meyer, of the Second ; Volney French and C. L. Ely, of the Third, and Gurdin Gillett and F. W. Lyman, of the Fourth. Volney French, President : H. M. Simmons, Secretary and Saperintendent.

1876 - E. L. Gi-ant and A. C. Sinclair, of the First Ward ; Volney French and John Meyer, of tlie Second : C. L. Ely and L. B. Nichols, of the Third, and H. H. Tarbell, of the Fourth. E. L. Grant, President; H. M. Simmons, Secretary and Superintendent.

1877 - A. G. Sinclair and J. B. Starkweather, of the First Ward ; John Meyer and James Brennan, of the Second ; L. V. Nichols and J. V. Quarles, of the Third, and John NicoH and II. H. Tarbell, of the Fourth. J. V. Quarles, President ; H. M. Siminons, Secretary and -Superintendent.

1878 - J. B. Starkweather and A. C. Sinclair, of the First Ward; James Brennan and M. Gorman, of the Second ; J. V. Quarles and Ilosea Barnes, of the Third, and H. H. Tarbell and J. W. Hayes, of the Fourth. J. V. Quarles, President: H. M. Simmons, Secretary and Superintendent until November 7, ^hen he resigned on account of removal from the city, and II. II. Tarbell was appointed his successor.

1871^* - A. C. Sinclair and G. D. Head, of the First Ward ; John Englehardt and M- Gorman, of the Second: J. V. Quarles and Ichabod Simmons, of the Third, and N. G. Backus and E. D. Leonard. Jr., of the Fourth. A. C. Sinclair, President ; E. L. Grant, Secretaiy and Superintendent.

As previously observed, the schools of Kenosha are among the pronounced evidences of the city*s moral status ; of the enterprise of her citizens ; and the success that is apparent in the administration of affairs in their behalf is a source of universal congratulation.

At present there are five primary, four intermediate, three grammar, and one high school in a prosperous condition, with an average attendance of 650 scholars daily, out of a population of 2,100 in the city between the ages of four and twenty years, for whose benefit the schools are sustained, and through which such as desire to avail themselves of the facilities afforded are enabled to procure a substantial and invaluable education.

As the schools are classified, it requires a complement of fifteen teachers to instruct the pupils daily intrusted to their respective charges. The primary, intermediate and two grammar schools are directed by one lady teacher each, while one grammar school is supplied with an assistant, and the high school with two assistants. Of these, eleven are female teachers, there being but four male teachers registered on the roster.

The course of study, from the departments of the primaries to graduation at the high school, embraces sixteen years, and a satisfactory examination is in all cases required for each advance. The examinations are monthly by the teachers ; semi-annually under the direction of the Principal of the high school, and annually under that of the school Superintendent The latter, as also that for admission into the high school, is '^written,'' and each candidate is recjuired to answer a certain percentage of the written interrogatories propounded correctly. The branches taught comprehend the various departments of mathematics, history - national and natural, grammar, as also the text-books prescribed for admission to the classical and sdentific [)rivileges of colleges. Great care is taken to perfect pupils in their knowledge of the elementary f)rinciples of various courses taught, and, as they advance, this discipline bears fruit in the capacity displayed by the scholars for the more advanced studies.

The school property is estimated to be worth $20,000, and the annual expenses appropriated to their support is stated at about $9,000. This support is provided for by the city by taxation,, at the rate of three-quarters of a mill on the assessed valuation of property listed for taxes, in addition to a percentage allowed the schools by the State for each scholar enrolled, which last year aggregated somewnere in the neighborhood of $800.

The scholastic year is divided into three quarters ; the first beginning early in September, and concluding the day before Christmas ; the second in January, and concluding in April, when, after a vacation of two weeks, studies are resumed and continued until the arrival of the summer vacation, which commences the 1st of July.

Kemper HalL - On the death of Bishop Kemper, of the Diocese of Kenosha, which occurred in 1871, Bishop Armitage, his successor, conceived the idea of founding a school memorial to the deceased prelate. With this end in view, the building formerly occupied by the deceased ex-Senator Durkee, was purchased by the corporators of the school, Drs. Ashley, of Kenosha ; Beers, of Milwaukee, and Bishop Armitage, they paying $8,000, one of the conditions upon which the building was sold being that they pay to the widow of Gov. Durkee $600 a year during her lifetime. Dr. Everhart was the first Rector, and durins his administration the east wing of the building was almost entirely reconstructed and supplied with improvements. Dr. Everhart remained in charge from 1871 to 1878. In the latter year, it was determined to put the school into the hands of the Sisters of Saint Mary, of New York, but the Trustees nominated were unable to accept until July, and during the interim extending from February, the school was presided over by Bishop Welles. The Sisters then came on and took charge, and have since remained in possession.

The course of instruction is divided into two parts, preparatory and collegiate, the latter being the department from which, after a course of four years' instruction, the classes graduate. During 1878, forty-four young ladies completed their education, and this year the number of scholars has been thirty-seven - twenty-nine boarders and eight day scholars. The corps of teachers is an exceedingly able one, and comprises some well-known names. It is as follows: Dr. Falk, of Racine, Professor of German; Rev. M. Lance, Professor of Latin and English Literature; Miss Dusenberre, Teacher of Mathematics; Miss Andrews, Teacher of Natural Science ; Miss Phister, Teacher of Drawing ; Prof Hyer and Mrs. Wheeler, Teachers of Music, and Mile. Baccot, Teacher of French. Dr. Ashley officiates as Chaplain.

In 1873. a Mrs. Hubbell left a bequest of $5,000 to Bishop Armitage, for the erection of a ohapel somewhere in the diocese, and he selected a site immediately a^oining the seminary proper, thus making it in conjunction with the school, a memorial chapel. It cost, however, $10,000, which was largely made up from outside subscription. The Trustees are: Chairman, Bishop E. R. Welles, ex-officio, ^President ; Dr. Locke, of Chicago; Bishop McLaren, Illinois; Bishop Brown, Fond du Lac ; Dr. Ashley, Kenosha; Dr. Lewis Kemper, Nashotah, Wis.; Rev. I J. C. Lance, Kenosha; Mr. J. H. Vermilye, Chicago; Mr. J. H. Helfestein and Mr. Hooker, Milwaukee.

St. Matthew's Episcopal Church. - On the 17th day of April, 1840, being Good Friday, a meeting of Episcopalians, resident of Southplort, was held in the village, for the purpose of organizing a church association. The Rev. Lemuel E. Hull, at that time Missionary at St.