Stroud Building, 31-33 North Central Avenue, Phoenix

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS ARIZ,7-PHEN,16-. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Stroud Building, constructed in and typifies the Queen Anne-style commercial buildings built at the turn of the century. It is one of the last buildings constructed in the style in Phoenix and at the time of documentation was among the few remaining Queen Anne- style commercial buildings in the city. The property was developed by Colonel Harrison E. Stroud, a Phoenix physician and deve loper. Report Prepared by Gerald A. Doyle & Associates, Historical Architects North Street Phoenix, Arizona Date: January STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 2 PART I. HISTORICAL INFORMATION A. Physical History: The Stroud Building was developed by Colonel Harrison Edward Stroud, a Phoenix physician and entrepre- neur (HABS photograph AZ-147-21) . Dr.

Stroud arrived in Phoenix in and developed a large practice of medicine, specializing in the treatment of tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases. His practice apparent- ly prospered, and, in addition to the Stroud Building, he owned other valuable properties. In Stroud was appointed surgeon general of Arizona Territory by the governor. The south half of the building was constructed in and in the following year the north half was completed. Neither the architect, if indeed one was involved, nor the contractor has been identified. During the ninety years of its existence, the Stroud Building has seen many tenants.

Nevertheless, both the exterior and interior of the building probably remained virtually unaltered until the At that time a metal lath and plaster upper-story facade was applied over the west elevation, concealing (and leaving largely intact) the. original windows and brick wall (HABS photograph AZ!-147-24) ; and the original lower facade was replaced with aluminum storefront com- ponents, largely destroying the original fabric of the building. The north half of the building was designed as a restaurant and remainec. in that use from the time of construction until after World War II. Sometime later, probably in the the interior of the first floor was totally remodeled to accommodate a cocktail lounge, which by had become an establishment frequented by street people.

At the time of documentation no sig- nificant original features were recognizable on the first floor. The partitions shown on the accompanying first-floor plan all appear to have been constructed with gypsum board and ether recently developed materi- als. However, the second story of the north half remained in a virtually unaltered condition, probably because it was unused in recent years. STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 3 The south half of the building was designed with furnished rooms on the second floor and a saloon on the first.

At the time of documentation the second floor remained virtually intact, having been only slightly reconfigured and renovated to accommodate an insurance office, probably in the In recent years, it appears the second floor reverted to use as furnished rooms for transients. Over the years from to 19 84, the first floor underwent numerous modifications to accommodate the needs of changing tenants. At the time of documentation traces of the original work remained. The basements of both halves of the building were never fully improved. At the time of documentation they were cluttered with trash accumulated over recent years.

Physical evidence suggests that the basement of the north half was utilized for canned food storage in past years, and the 19 01 Sanborn map indicates that the basement of the south half contained a bowling alley at the time of construction. The Stroud Building has served the following tenants and functions: South Half Central Saloon Furnished rooms Bowling alley Eddie Doyle's Cigar Stand Joffman Saloon; Jack Gibson, proprietor Saloon and lunch counter Pool hall Sign painting shop Awning shop ( Charter Oak Ins.(urance) Co. Indian curio shop Palace Cafe North Half American Kitchen Ye Sing & Co., proprietor Tom & Sing, proprietors Yee F. Sing, proprietor Poor Tom's Cocktail Lounge STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 4 B. Historical Context: 1.

Block 21: The Stroud Building is located on Block 21, the site of the earliest commercial development in Phoenix. Over the years from when William A. Hancock built the first commercial building at the northwest corner of what is now the intersection of Washington and First streets, Block 21 has remained a focal point of downtown. Phoenix. Buildings have been constantly constructed, remodeled, and demolished on the block to suit the changing lifestyle, architectural technology, and commercial needs of the city. The streetscapes of the surrounding (four) streets have been in almost continuous change since to the present. Modern development has occurred [and is continuing) on the four adjacent, and other nearby, blocks.

Several locally notable individuals were associated with Block 21 during the first years of development, but none of the buildings utilized by them is extant today, Additionally, some of the earliest commercial and social activity of Phoenix occurred in buildings on Block 21. However, none of the nineteenth-century buildings associated wi:h these early activities remain in recognizable form or context, although the Stroud Building, dating fro/n and retains a suffi- cient level of architectural integrity to necessitate its documentation before the site is cleared for rede- velopment.

In addition to the Stroud Building, another building on Block 21, Hanny's, is historically notewor- thy and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance; it will be incorporated into the redevelopment plans for the block. 2. Early History of Phoenix: The history of Phoenix traditionally begins with the arrival of John Y. T. Smith, sutler for Camp McDowell, who in es- tablished a hay camp along the Salt River to supply fodder and forage to the post. In December of the same year, John William (Je.ckJ Swilling and a party from Wickenburg settled in the valley along the lower Salt River. Swilling organized a canal company to construct a series of irrigation ditches by re-excavating the ancient Hohokam waterways.

The first canal was dug on the north bank of the Salt River, south of what is now the block of East Washington Street. STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 5 The activities of the Swilling party attracted addi- tional settlers. In a General Land Office survey noted there were 50 persons in a settlement called Phoenix, a name which had already appeared on May 4, as an election precinct in the Yavapai County records. By 18 70, the population of the Valley was At a meeting of the settlers on October 20, a three-man committee was named to choose a townsite, and a week later, they were ready with a report. They told the again-assembled settlers that the most suitable site in the Valley for a town is the north one-half of Section 8, Township 1 North, Range 3 East . , .

the said town to be named Phoenix." Darrell Duppa, a member of the committee, usually is credited with suggesting the name Phoenix, predicting that the new town, like the mythical bird, would arise on the ashes of the old Hohokam settlements. Captain William A. Hancock, a local resident, was employed in November 18 70 to survey the townsite. By December 10, he had surveyed a sufficient number of lots on the eastern half of the townsite to-enable the townsite officials to advertise a public sale on Decem- ber 23 and 24, The money from the sale of lots was used to continue the survey, which was completed by Hancock in the spring of The surveyed and mapped area was one mile in-length by half a mile in width and contained 320 acres ! laid out in a north-south, east- west grid pattern.

There were ninety-eight blocks, most of which were 300 feet square. During most commercial buildings were constructed in the eastern half of the townsite along Washington Street between Centre Street (Central Avenue) and Maricopa (Second) Street. Before the end of the decade, build- ings were being constructed throughout Block 21, which is bounded by Adams Street on the north, Montezuma (First) Street on the east, Washington Street on the south, and Centre Street (Central Avenue) on the west. Many of the early buildings constructed on Block 21 were associated with the birth of Phoenix. The Maricopa County Immigration Union (formed in and the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce (formed in began a publicity campaign to attract immigrants and investors to the area.

Various promotional activities focused on the agricultural productivity, the invest- ment potential, and the healthy climate of the "Valley STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 6 of the Sun." Emphasis was placed on the stability of the city. In the Arizona Gazette editorialized: Let other towns indulge in booms, but Phoenix will move ahead at her steady certain pace, grasping no not a than she is entitled to, holding on to all that she gets, and in the race, distancing any portion of the Pacific Coast in legitimate, solid, and staying developments. We want farmers, laborers and capitalists, but no boomers. Our citizens are building up and developing a country in which to make homes and not for temporary and questionable speculative purposes.

For almost a century from to the Stroud Building served the people of Phoenix in a variety of unpretentious roles-~including those of saloon, tobacco shop, rooming house, pool hall, restaurant, Indian curio shop, insurance office, and cocktail lounge. 3. Early Architecture of Phoenix: In the visi- tors described Phoenix as a "neat little town, con- structed principally of adobe," or more simply, as a "mud town" (HABS photograph AZ-147-20) The traditional Sonoran-style buildings consisted of rectangular walls with high parapets, usually with the facade flush- fronted on the property line but occupying only a por- tion of the entire lot. The floors were smooth, hard- packed earth, and earth or mud, over poles and brush, was the roof covering.

The price of imported materials was exorbitant, due to the high cost of overland trans- portation, so wood-frame and burned-brick buildings were virtually non-existent. By the late a transition in building style was beginning. A brick kiln was established in and the use of brick predominated during the building boom of and At the time, many adobe buildings in the business district were replaced by substantial brick ones. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in and made wood, glass, stone, prefabricated components, and pressed and cast metal readily available.

To provide themselves with the comforts of the cities from which they came and to create the appearance ne- cessary for a "real" town, the new settlers hastened to discard the use of native materials and to create architecture that resembled the rest of America. Thus, architecture in the Queen Anne, Eastlake, Shingle, High STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 7 Victorian Italianate, and late Second Empire styles began appearing, albeit in simpler versions than their Eastern counterparts (HABS photograph AZ-147-22). An early influence on the development of Phoenix was a series of fires in the business district (Washington Street between Central Avenue and Second Street) in the mid-1880s.

These fires resulted in the adoption of a fire code that excluded wood-frame construction within the business district. Consequently, brick construc- tion with arched window heads (without wood lintels) came into widespread usage at the end of the nineteenth century. The Stroud Building is an excellent example of commer- cial architecture in Phoenix at the turn of the cen- tury . Constructed in the Queen Anne style, the build- ing has noteworthy brick detailing and a variety of industrialized components, including a pressed-steel ceiling, cast-iron (or steel} structural components, electrical wiring and decorative lighting fixtures, cast-iron sanitary piping, mortise locks, and milled wood products.

Although the building has undergone a number of expeditious renovations and has suffered from hard use, many original features that give insight to the early building technology of Phoenix remain for study. ! FART II. ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION A. General Statement: 1. Architectural Character: The Stroud Building is significant for its stylistic treatment and as an ex- ample of turn-of-the-century building technology. The building typifies the Queen Anne-style commercial structures common to the period in Phoenix. Noteworthy Queen Anne-style features found in the building include decorative brick work, especially that found in the cornice and below the second-story windows; an exposed cast-iron column.and beam; and pressed-steel ceilings.

Also, the cut-stone Moorish arch seen at the entrance to the central stairway illustrates the eclectic nature of the Queen Anne style in its waning years. The Queen Anne-style commercial buildings of the late nineteenth century mark the departure from the archi- tectural regionalism of adobe construction in Phoenix STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 8 to styles indistinguishable from those popular in other regions of the country. With the completion of the wagon road to the Southern Pacific Railroad station at Marlcopa in Phoenix's builders were no longer dependent on local materials and could utilize com- ponents imported from both California and the East.

Also, the establishment, of a local bricJc factory in 18 78 and the Standard Ironworks sometime before provided a ready source of modern construction materi- als for commercial and residential buildings. Although the new materials and the Queen Anne style did not respond to the region's climate, they did reflect the current trends in American architecture and provid- ed psychological relief to people translocated from the East and Midwest to Arizona. Additionally, the Queen Anne-style brick buildings symbolized to the new resi- dents that Anglo culture was firmly established in the Southwest. 2. Condition of Fabric: The building is in poor con- dition, having suffered from lack of maintenance, un- sympathetic alterations, hard use, and, in recent years, vandalism.

Also, the roof structure of the north segment began to fail and is protected against collapse by shoring supported on the second floor. During the various .alterations important historical elements, including fa pressed-steel ceiling, lighting fixtures, a dumb waiter, plumbing fixtures, interior doors, and hardware were removed. However, remnants of these items remained at the time of documentation and have been recorded. The basements are filled with an accumulation of modern trash. B. Description of Exterior: 1. Location and Siting of Building: The property is located at the northeast corner of the intersection of North Central Avenue.and the alley north of Washington Street North Central Avenue}.

The building faces west, and the west side is located on the Central Avenue property line and public sidewalk. The north side is located on the north property line, where it abuts an adjacent two-story building. The east side is located on the east property line and a suballey that provides access to the rear of the building and other nearby properties from the main alley that parallels Washington Street between Central Avenue and First STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 9 Street, The south side is located on the south proper- ty line and the main alley. 2, Overall Dimensions: The building was constructed as two nearly equal size, two-story segments: the first, in is 26 feet (north-south) by 100 feet (east-west J ; and the second, in is 24 feet (north-south) by 100 feet (east-west).

The north wall of the first segment acts as a bearing wall for both segments, making the width of each segment from the center of the common wall equal. The building* s vertical dimension from sidewalk level to top of parapet is 28 feet. The basement floor is 10 feet below the sidewalk, 3. Exterior Wails: The above-grade exterior walls of the entire building are constructed with fired red brick, probably of local manufacture. The basement walls of the south segment are constructed with na- turally shaped stone; those of the north segment with red brick. Lime mortar was utilized in all of the masonry work. The top-of-parapet cornice, segmental- arch window and door heads, and window sills are note- worthy character-defining brick features.

The main (west) entrance to the second story of the south seg- ment has a sculptured sandstone surround which bears the legend "STROUD in raised letters and numbers. The legend has been chipped off, leaving only a legible scar. Brick chimneys are located at intervals along, and are constructed within, the north and south walls. These chimneys project into the building at the north wall, and outside the building at the south wall and are fitted with stove-pipe connections at the second- story level. Only two chimneys continue down to the first floor, where additional stove-pipe connections are located.

The north side {of the north segment) was constructed with second-story windows, indicating that it was an- ticipated (for reasons undetermined) that the adjacent building on the north would be only one story in height (HABS photograph AZ-147--23). However, in about the neighboring two-story building was erected, block- ing the second-floor windows of the Stroud Building. STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 10 The south {main alley) side was constructed with area- way windows. These window openings have been bricked up, and the areaways filled with earth and paved over.

Because of the fact th :t the two center, second-floor windows of the west side are of unequal size and the second-floor windows are differently spaced in each building segment, it appears that the first {south} segment was designed to stand alone as a complete building, and that the construction of the north seg- ment was an afterthought. Nevertheless, it is apparent that an effort was made to integrate the two halves, utilizing identical window and brick details in the west facades of the two segments. The construction joints between the segments in the east and west sides were apparent at the time of documentation. 4.

Floor and Roof Framing: The first and second floors are structured with 1 3/4-inch by 15 1/4-inch Douglas fir joists spaced at 12 inches on centers that span the width of each building segment. Floors are of 3/4-inch by 3 1/2-inch tongue and groove pine boards. The basement floor is partially earth, partially wood on sleepers, and partially concrete. The concrete was apparently installed at various recent times. The two separate roofs are structured with wood trusses spaced at 2 feet on centers,in the north segment and 16 inches on centers in the south segment. The trusses in the north segment of the building have failed and this roof has been shored onto the second floor. 5.

Roofs: Each segment of the building has its own roof, which is separated from the other segment by a common parapet. The roofs are cricketed and drain from west to east to scuppers in the east parapet wall, two in each building segment. The scuppers empty into leader boxes connected to leaders, which carry the water to the alley, The roof sheathing is 1- by 6- inch boards, and the non-original covering is asphalt- impregnated felt. 6. Masonry Openings: Typical door and window openings are constructed with flat, segmental arches in which the intradoses are nearly horizontal. The arches are formed with several courses of soldier bricks having their long sides set nearly vertically. Window open- ings on the north, east, and south sides have brick- STROUD BUILDING HABS No.

AZ-147 Page 11 on-edge sills that project beyond the wall about an inch to form a drip. Window openings on the north side have decorative brick sill panels formed with soldiers set diagonally (in plan) to the wall surface, creating a saw-tooth pat- tern. A double-brick sill course is located below the saw-tooth panels and extends across the entire west side . Window opening details are consistent throughout the two segments of the building. 7.

Window Sash: Three wood window types, excluding the store windows, occur in the building: 1} one-over- one, double-hung sash with transom in the west side second story, in the south side second story, and in the east side first and second stories; 2) one-over- one, double-hung sash without transom in the north side second story; and 3) single-light, hinged sash in the south side near the first-floor ceiling. The stiles of the upper sash of the double-hung windows project below the bottom rails and terminate in curved tails. 8. Doors: At the tiire of documentation no original exterior doors remained. Several five-panel, wood doors are seen in a historic photograph. The doors on the east and south sides contained transoms, now miss- ing. 9.

Special Features: Three particularly noteworthy exterior features are found in the building. a, A decorative brick cornice is present on the north, south, and west sides. It is comprised of four elements: 1) a plain (flat) upper band, 2) a band of large complex dentils, 3} another plain (flat) band, and 4) a lower band of small, simple dentils. On the south side, the lower band of dentils is interrupted by the chimneys, which project from the wall. b. The entrance to the second floor of the south segment features a Moorish-style |horseshoe- shaped} sandstone archivolt. Over the entrance, sandstone blocks carry the carved inscription "STROUD The entrance {on the street) was designed without a door. However, a pair of STROUD BUILDING HABS No.

A2-147 Page 12 double-acting doors Is located at the midpoint landing of the stairway. c. The second floor of the south segment over- hangs the ground floor, which is recessed across most of the segment's west side. The second-floor facade is carried on an exposed steel beam which is supported at the southwest corner of the build- ing by a round steal (or cast Iron) column with a small decorative capital. The web of the beam is decorated with metal rosettes. This beam and column was the sole steel structural element found in the building. 10. Other Features: h number of pockets are present at the second-floor level of the east side. These pockets appear to be seats for 2- by 6-inch wood mem- bers, and suggest that a porch may have existed in former years. C.

Description of Interior: 1- Floor Plans: Although the building has undergone many alterations, sufficient physical evidence remained at the time of documentation to ascertain most elements of the original floor plans. The accompanying drawings illustrate the configurations of each floor at the time of documentation and. designate the original and non- original elements. 2. Partitions: Partitions are constructed with wood studs, wood lath, and lime plaster. The plaster is heavily laden with animal hair and was installed in three coats, the finish coat being free of hair and troweled to a smooth surface. Wood wainscots were found in several locations of both portions of the building. 3.

Ceilings: Ceilings are of wood lath and plaster, except in the entire first floor and the east end of the basement of the south segment of the building. There the ceilings are covered with pressed-steel panels. On the first floor, the main (west) room re- tains only remnants of an elaborately patterned ceil- ing, while the rear (east) room and basement retain virtually intact ceilings of simply patterned panels. The metal panels were installed over a grillage of wood furring strips . Remnants of suspended aluminum-grid ceilings occur in various locations throughout the building. STROUD BUILDING HABS No. A2-147 Page 13 4. Stairways: Each segment of the building was origi- nally constructed with one stairway between each floor.

The stairways between the first floors and basements have no particularly noteworthy features; they are constructed with wood stringers, treads, and risers and are without handrails. The original wood stairway between the first and second floors of the north segment of the building has been greatly altered. Only the run from the intermediate landing to the second floor appears to be original; the portion below the landing is probably of recent con- struction . At the second-floor level, the stairwell was protected by a wood railing supported on wood bal- usters; only scars of the original work remain. The stairway between the first and second floors of the south segment is an interesting feature of the build- ing.

It is entered from the Central Avenue sidewalk and provides access to the furnished rooms on the second floor from the street. The straight stairway has two equal runs separated by an intermediate land- ing. There is no door at the sidewalk entrance (only the Moorish archway). However, a pair of double-acting doors is located at the midpoint of the landing. The stairwell is protected at the second floor by a wood railing supported on turned, wood balusters (spin- dles) . A round, wood handrail carried on metal brac- kets is located on one side of the staircase. 5. Openings: a. Doors: A number of original doors remain in place, although most have been modified in one way or another.

Typical interior doors of both seg- ments of the building are trimmed with 1- by 4- inch jamb casements and 1- by 6-inch heads, the latter of which are surmounted by crown moldings. Operable transoms are found over the corridor doors in the second story of the south segment; other doors are without transoms. The transoms provide cross circulation of air in the furnished rooms. Five-panel doors apparently were used throughout the building; a few remain. Some doors on the second floor of the south segment contain an ob- STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 14 scure glass light over two wood panels. It is believed that these doors originally had five wood panels and that they were modified with glass when the rooms were remodeled for office use. b.

Windows: Except as otherwise noted or il- lustrated, windows in exterior walls have tran- soms. In all cases, the window trim matches the door trim. Window sashes are described elsewhere. No windows are found in interior partitions. 6. Decorative Features: The only noteworthy decora- tive features of the building are the wood paneling found in the second story of the north segment and the pressed-steel ceilings found in the first story of the south segment. These features are seen in the accom- panying photographs. 7. Hardware: The only original items of hardware remaining in the building are a few transom operators, roller-shade brackets, window latches, door hinges, and remnants of mortise-type locksets. All items are of very simple design and none contains decorative fea- tures.

Most of the hardware appears to have been brass-plated steel; all is covered with many layers of paint. 8. Electrical, Mechanical, and Plumbing Equipment: a. Electrical: The building was constructed with a concealed electrical system utilizing porcelain cleats, knobs, and tubes. Abandoned remnants of the wiring and one original lighting fixture re- mained at the time of documentation, along with various modern syscems and components. b. Mechanical: No mechanical equipment was ori- ginally Installed in the building. Wood or coal stoves (connected to chimneys} were used to heat some rooms. Remnants of contemporary heating and cooling systems remain. c.

Plumbing: Functional components of the origi- nal cast iron waste/vent system remained in place at the time of documentation; no original fixtures were found. Recent piping systems and a few mo- dern fixtures were found throughout the building. STROUD BUILDING HABS No. A2-147 Page 15 PART III. SOURCES OF INFORMATION A. Architectural Drawings: No original or alteration drawings were located under "Stroud" in the indexes/catalogs of the following repo- sitories: City of Phoenix Building Safety Department; Arizona Historical Foundation; Arizona Historical Soci- ety, Phoenix; Phoenix Public Library; Arizona Depart- ment of Library, Archives and Public Records.

However, the building is indicated on the Sanborn maps dated and The maps contain important in- formation about the building and are on file at the Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, and the Arizona Department of Library, Archives and Public Records, Phoenix. The and Sanborn maps of Block 21 are included in the field records for this project. B. Historic Views: Information on the historic photographs contained in this document is provided in the Index to Photographs. The line drawing of the Conjectural View of the Stroud Building was prepared by Gerald A. Doyle & As- sociates . C. Interviews; ' No interviews were conducted; no persons with knowledge of the building were identified. D.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS ARIZ,7-PHEN,16-. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Blumenson, John J. - G. Identifying American Architec- ture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms, - Revised edition. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, Doyle, Gerald A. & Associates, "A Request for Deter- mination of Eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places of the Buildings on Block 21 of the Original Phoenix Townsite," Document is on file with the Arizona State Historic Preserva- tion Officer and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. STROUD BUILDING HABS NO. AZ-147 Page 16 "Founding the Phoenix Townsite.H Arizona Sheriff (March : . Kaney, Eunice E. "The Original Phoenix Townsite, Block 21 File. Central Phoenix Redevelop- ment. City of Phoenix. Maps .

Official Plat of the Original Townsite of Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona Territory, surveyed by Wm. A. Hancock, Map Room. Arizona Depart- ment of Library, Archives and Public Records. Official Plat of the Original Townsite of Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona Territory, surveyed by S. A. Davison, Map Room. Arizona Department of Library, Archives and Public Records. Mawn, Geoffrey Padraic. "Phoenix, Arizona: Central City of the Southwest, disser- tation, Arizona State University, Phoenix City Directories. 19 35, Arizona De- partment of Library, Archives and Public Records. i "A Short History of Phoenix Townsite." Cities, Towns and Settlements File. Arizona Department of Li- brary, Archives and Public Records. Smith, Karen "From Town to City: A History of Phoenix, . " Master' s thesis.

University of California, . E. Other Sources of Information: Maricopa County tax records probably contain scanty additional information on the building. The Arizona Department of Vital Statistics probably has on file Dr. Stroud's death certificate* F. Supplemental Information: A brief biography of Harrison E. Stroud, published in and an unidentified newspaper article concerning K-; STROUD BUILDING HABS No. AZ-147 Page 17 his sister are included in the field records of this project. PART IV. PROJECT INFORMATION This report presents the results of an architectural survey of the Stroud Building located on Block Phoenix, Arizona, conducted by Gerald A.

Doyle & As- sociates , historical architects, in December for compliance with a memorandum of understanding among the City of Phoenix, the Arizona State Historic Preser- vation Officer, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. The property was studied for its archi- tectural characteristics, general physical condition, and associations with historically significant people and events. The accompanying documentary narrative and photographs were prepared to mitigate the demolition of the property, which occurred December and January The study increased the understanding of the development of Phoenix, especially in the original townsite, and makes a contribution of knowledge to the history of commercial architecture in Arizona at the turn of the century. STRTO BVILPINC HABS No.

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