Hell Canyon Bridge, Spanning Hell Canyon on State Route 89 at Milepost 345.70, Drake

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Spanning Hell Canyon on State Route 89 (Milepost miles south of the junction with Interstate 40, in the vicinity of the unincorporated community of Drake, in Yavapai County, Arizona. The Hell Canyon Bridge is located at latitude longitude The coordinate represents the structure s center point. This coordinate was obtained on December 2, using a Garmin GPSMap60CSX accurate to +/ 10 meters. The coordinate s datum is North American Datum The Hell Canyon Bridge location has no restriction on its release to the public.

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER AZ-96. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Hell Canyon Bridge is an outstanding example of large scale steel truss construction, and is one of the few such bridges built in Arizona in the mid twentieth century. It is also significant as a key feature of a historically important transportation corridor in northern Arizona.

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER AZ-96. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Hell Canyon Bridge was rated structurally deficient in ADOT is constructing a new bridge over Hell Canyon and plans to remove the existing bridge after the new bridge is completed in The Hell Canyon Bridge is recommended as eligible for inclusion in the National Register for Historic Places under criterion C. This report was produced at the request of ADOT to document the historic bridge to resolve the adverse effect of the project in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Photographer: Robert G. Graham, Motley Design Group, November HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 2) I.

Historical Information Physical History Date of Construction: 54 Engineers: Arizona Highway Department Builder: Fabricated by Kansas City Structural Steel Company, Kansas City, Kansas; erected by Dail Engineering & Construction Company, Phoenix, Arizona Original Plans: Original construction plans and a perspective drawing are housed at the Arizona State Archives in Phoenix. As built plans of the original construction and subsequent alterations are maintained at ADOT Engineering Record Section in Phoenix. The Hell Canyon Bridge is a steel three span cantilevered Pratt deck truss supported by four concrete piers. A fifth pier supports the deck slab at the south approach.

Each truss resembles a series of steel arches because the lower chords of the panels gradually angle down toward the piers and appear to form a curve. Alterations: Only two minor changes have been made to the Hell Canyon Bridge since its construction. The original aluminum guardrails were replaced with concrete Jersey barrier guardrails in (Federal Highway Administration [FHWA] Project F 025 2 A new approach and slab were constructed in (FHWA Project 025 2 Historical Context The Prescott Ash Fork Highway, now State Route 89, built 23, follows an important early transportation corridor through northern Arizona.

In the late nineteenth century there were several trails, roads, and railroads that connected Prescott, the first territorial capital and largest town in northern Arizona, with major transportation routes to the north. In a route roughly following the existing SR 89 alignment, via Chino Valley and Hell Canyon, became the major corridor north of Prescott. HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 3) Hell Canyon, a steep walled gorge, has been one of the most formidable obstacles to travel in this region. Judge Joseph P. Allyn first crossed Hell Canyon in and referred to it as the most infernal canon for wagons I have seen yet .It was about 300 feet deep and the sides were nearly perpendicular, and covered with rolling stones.

I doubt that wagons can get down except by letting them down with ropes. However, we led our horses down and up, and from there in we had a good road to the post 1 Several rail and automobile bridges were built over the canyon in the first half of the twentieth century. The first highway bridge was constructed in The Hell Canyon Bridge is the second highway bridge over the canyon (Figure 1, Figure 2), built 54 to accommodate the widened roadway required for modern automobile traffic. It has conveyed traffic for 60 years but due to structural deficiencies, ADOT is planning to build a new bridge and remove the existing structure. The Prescott Ash Fork Transportation Corridor In Lieutenant Amiel W. Whipple led a military party to survey the Parallel through what is now northern Arizona.

This became the alignment for several important east west routes through Arizona, including Beale s Wagon Road; the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad; U.S. Route 66; and Interstate 40. There were a number of roads and railroads that connected Prescott to this principal corridor, but the existing 50 mile alignment of SR 89 between Prescott and Ash Fork, via Chino Valley and Hell Canyon, was the most direct route. The first provisional seat of territorial government was located at the midpoint on this route.2 After the Arizona Territory was created in President Lincoln appointed John N. Goodwin as governor of the new territory.

In advance of the governor s arrival, General James Carleton, commander of the California Volunteers, selected a site in Chino Valley known as Navajo Springs (now Del Rio Springs, four miles south of Paulden) and established Fort Whipple there on December 20, Governor Goodwin arrived four weeks later, and the site became the first territorial capital. In May Fort Whipple was moved south to Granite Creek, and the new town of Prescott became the territorial capital. Gold had been discovered in the Bradshaw 1 John Nicolson, The Arizona of Joseph Pratt Allyn; Letters from a Pioneer Judge: Observations and Travels, (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 65. 2 Thomas Edwin Farish, History of Arizona, vol. III.

(San Francisco: Filmer Brothers Electrotype Company, 187 Albert Franklin Banta, Albert Franklin Banta: Arizona Pioneer, edited by Frank D. Reeve, Historical Society of New Mexico Publications in History, Vol. XIV (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 15 25; Nicolson, The Arizona of Joseph Pratt Allyn, 7 25, 57 66; H. Granger, ed., Will C. Barnes Arizona Place Names (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 4) Mountains to the south, and settlers in Chino Valley took up ranching and farming to support the growing community at Prescott.

The Chino Valley military trail north of Prescott continued to be the primary route to Santa Fe through the After construction of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad (A&P) across the northern part of territory, Prescott needed a rail connection.4 In the Prescott and Arizona Central Railway (P&AC) started the first direct rail service to Prescott, but this route was fairly long, first going east to the copper mines and smelters of Jerome and the Verde Valley, and then north to Flagstaff.

Residents of Prescott continued to promote the development of a more direct north south railroad that would connect Prescott to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (ATSF), successor to the A&P, at Ash Fork, and would extend south to the new territorial capital at Phoenix and connect with the Southern Pacific Railroad. This was realized when the Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railway was incorporated on May 27, Construction of the railroad started in The segment from Prescott to Ash Fork was completed in and the line to Phoenix was opened in The was popularly known as the "Peavine" because of its meandering route through mountains and across streams and canyons.

The original line veered to the west to avoid Hell Canyon and ran along the edge of Limestone Canyon for about a mile, an alignment that required construction of several long trestles. In the town of Prescott bought a ranch at Del Rio Springs with an ample water supply and built a 19 mile pipeline to carry water for municipal use.5 The was planning to realign the railroad at this time, and in built a more direct route to the east that passed through Del Rio Springs and crossed Hell Canyon6 (Figure 3). The water supply at Del Rio Springs was a key factor in the railroad s choice for the new alignment. entered into a contract to purchase water from Prescott to deliver to the ATSF affiliated Harvey House at Ash Fork and El Tovar Hotel at Grand Canyon.

Ten years later ATSF acquired title to the Del Rio Springs ranch and established a farm to supply dairy products to other Harvey Houses in the region.7 3 Banta, Albert Franklin Banta: Arizona Pioneer, 25, 46. 4 David F. Myrick, Santa Fe to Phoenix, Vol. 5 of Railroads of Arizona (Berkeley: Signature Press, 19 20, 48 66. 5 Granger, Arizona Place Names, Stan Brown, History along Route 89 from Chino Valley to Ash Fork, Sharlot Hall Museum, archives/days past/history along route 89 from chino valley to ash fork/. 6 Myrick, Santa Fe to Phoenix, 99, 7 Gilpin, Paulden Pioneers (Paulden, Brown, History along Route 89. HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No.

AZ 96 (PAGE 5) The Prescott Ash Fork Highway The earliest known automobile road extending north from Prescott was the Prescott Outer Loop.8 As early as this 44 mile circuit between Prescott and Chino Valley was maintained by the Prescott Auto Club for road races.

There was also a passable road along the tracks.9 By a proposed Prescott Ash Fork road was being considered as a segment of the planned Grand Canyon Nogales Highway, which was to become the major north south highway through the state, but instead the first improved road out of Prescott followed the old P&AC route, east to Jerome and the Verde Valley and then north to Flagstaff.10 In Yavapai County surveyed the route for a Prescott Ash Fork Highway, planned as a 50 mile county road, but the Board of Supervisors referred it to the state engineer in hopes that the state could get federal funding under the Federal Aid Highway Act of A new survey was completed and funding was approved under Federal Aid Projects 36, 36 B, 61 and 62. A graded and drained highway was completed ca.

State Engineer Lefebvre designed a multiple span concrete girder bridge with high concrete piers to cross Hell Canyon (Figure 4). In a longer Phoenix to Ash Fork Highway was initially designated as US 280 and was included in Arizona s Federal Aid 7 Percent Highway System; however, in the route designation was changed to US 89, making it part of the key north south highway in the West.12 For a time it was the only north south road connecting US 66 across northern Arizona and US 60 through the central part of the state. Initially there were just a few large ranches and a lime kiln located between Prescott and Ash Fork, but with the completion of the Prescott Ash Fork Highway, businesses and small 8 Melissa Keane and J.

Simon Bruder, Good Roads Everywhere: A History of Road Building in Arizona, URS Cultural Resource Report 28(AZ), URS Corporation, Phoenix, 47. 9 Gilpin, Paulden Pioneers, 10 Mark E. Pry and Fred Andersen, Arizona Transportation History, Report No. FHWA AZ 11 Arizona Department of Transportation Research Center, 30 32. 11 Arizona State Engineer. Sixth Biennial Report of the State Engineer to the Governor of the State of Arizona, Hayden Library, Arizona State University, Tempe; Clayton B. Fraser, Bridges; Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory, National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form (Fraser Design, Loveland, CO, 12 Small, Prescott Phoenix Highway Location, Arizona Highways 1, no. 4 (July George B.

Shaffer and Atwood, From the Capital, Where Winter Summers, Through the Mile High City to Ash Fork s Snows, Arizona Highways 1, no. 9 (December 15, 26; Fraser, Bridges; Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory, 56 57; Keane and Bruder, Good Roads Everywhere, 43 45; Pry and Andersen, Arizona Transportation History, 36, 39, 96. HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 6) settlements were soon established along the route.13 By the Pownall family opened the Midway Grocery, with a caf , service station and tourist cabins, at what would later become the unincorporated community of Paulden. Puntenney, the site of George and Eli Puntenney s lime kiln, was located on the south side of Hell Canyon. Drake, a railroad siding, and the small community of Cedar Glades were built just north of the canyon.

A railroad spur was built between Drake and the copper smelter in Clarkdale; by it carried a popular tourist train through the Verde River Gorge.

By the the Arizona Highway Department (AHD) regularly maintained the 20 foot wide roadway with an oiled gravel surface.14 After World War II, AHD began an ambitious program to modernize all older highways in the state to accommodate not just increased traffic, but to address critical safety concerns as cars were bigger, heavier, and traveling at higher speeds.15 Prescott contractor Henson completed improvements to the northern part of the Prescott Ash Fork Highway in at a cost of Financed as Federal Aid Project FI work included widening the roadway from 20 feet to 24 feet, widening the gravel shoulders from 3 feet or less to 8 feet on each side, improving drainage with corrugated metal pipes and concrete box culverts, and finishing the roadway with a bituminous surface.16 Before work commenced on the southern portion of the highway Norman G.

Wallace, chief locating engineer for AHD, examined roadway conditions and documented existing safety hazards, including poor horizontal and vertical sight distances, steep grades, narrow shoulders, and damaged roadway surfaces.17 Due to these problems, Federal Aid Project FI for the southern portion of the highway included realignment of the segment between Paulden and Hell Canyon to improve roadway geometry. The Fisher Construction Company of Phoenix completed work on the southern section in at a cost of 13 Gilpin, Paulden Pioneers, 13 14, 73 75, Brown, History along Route 89.

14 Arizona Highway Department (AHD), Log of the Arizona Highway System Division of Economics and Statistics, Hayden Library, Arizona State University, Tempe, 95; AHD, Ashfork Prescott Highway, As built Plans, Federal Aid Project F.A. 62A(2), ADOT Engineering Record Section; Fraser, Bridges; Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory, 60; Pry and Andersen, Arizona Transportation History, 47; Gilpin, Paulden Pioneers, 15 Pry and Andersen, Arizona Transportation History, 57 59. 16 AHD, Ledger of Expenditures, June 6, April 29, Arizona State Archives; AHD, Comstruction/Rights of Way Estimates, 54, Arizona State Archives; AHD, Prescott Ashfork State Highway, As built Plans, Federal Aid Project F.I.

ADOT Engineering Record Section; AHD, Log of the Arizona Highway System Division of Economics and Statistics, Hayden Library, Arizona State University, Tempe, 97. 17 Wallace, Photographs of United States Highway 89 near Prescott (Ariz.), Arizona Highway Department, (Digital identifiers 03 03 03 and 03 Arizona State Archives, HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 7) As the bridge over Hell Canyon had been designed for a 20 foot roadway, the last major improvement on the Prescott Ash Fork Highway was construction of a new bridge across Hell Canyon. The Hell Canyon Bridge Most of the bridges AHD had designed since had been constructed of concrete using standardized plans, a simple and economical approach to bridge building.

After World War II, several massive steel arch and cantilevered steel deck truss bridges were built in the state.19 The Guthrie Bridge over the Gila River in Greenlee County, completed in was the earliest long span cantilevered truss bridge in Arizona. This design worked particularly well for bridges spanning steep canyons, as they could be erected without wooden falseworks to support the structure. In June AHD began designing a new large scale steel truss bridge to be built over Hell Canyon about one mile northwest of the bridge (Figure 5). The new Hell Canyon Bridge was authorized by Federal Aid Project FI and built 54. The Kansas City Structural Steel Company fabricated the trusses for the Hell Canyon Bridge.20 Howard A. Fitch and O.C.

Smith established in Kansas City, Kansas, in The company was one of the nation s largest producers of structural steel through the first half of twentieth century, and since had built much of Arizona s copper mining infrastructure, smelters, and bridges. Alfred M. Meyers, chief engineer at for nearly forty years, was an expert in the design of highway and railroad bridges and had been personally involved in many of the firm s Arizona projects. Meyers supervised construction of the Old Trails Bridge across the Colorado River at Topock, Arizona, 16. Bridge historian Clayton B.

Fraser declared this steel through arch to be a landmark in American civil engineering.21 Meyers also managed the particularly challenging task of erecting the Grand Canyon Bridge at Lee s Ferry (now known as Navajo Bridge) in This steel arch bridge is 833 feet long and rises 467 feet above the Colorado River, which at the time gave it the distinction of being the highest 18 AHD, Ledger of Expenditures, June 6, April 29, AHD, Log of the Arizona Highway System 97; Gilpin, Paulden Pioneers, 19 Fraser, Bridges; Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory, 74 77, 91, 20 Edwin Dale Shutt, Kansas City Structural Steel Company, Chap.

V in Silver City, A History of the Argentine Community of Kansas City, Kansas, shutt/Chapter%205.pdf; Kansas City Structural Steel Company, Erection Plan, Hell Canyon Bridge, Federal Aid Project F.I. (Arizona State Archives). 21 Fraser, Bridges; Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory, HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 8) bridge in the world. Fraser considers this structure Arizona s most significant bridge for its technological achievement.22 Fabricating the steel trusses for the Hell Canyon Bridge was a relatively simple job for compared to these earlier projects. Prescott contractor Henson graded the approaches for the new bridge in AHD then divided construction of the bridge into three separate contracts.

The contract for building the substructure, Federal Aid Project FI was let in March non Federal Aid Project 62(1953)A, for the steel superstructure, was let in September and non Federal Aid Project 62(1954)A, for the deck and guardrails, was let in November The Dail Engineering & Construction Company of Phoenix was the contractor for all three stages, and completed all work on the bridge in at a total cost of almost (See Field Record Nos. 1 4).

After completion of the bridge, AHD moved a large boulder close to the south approach to the bridge for installation of a historic marker, and in the Daughters of the American Revolution dedicated a historic plaque marking the site as the southern limit of the historic surveys of the Parallel.25 Only two minor alterations have been made to the Hell Canyon Bridge since its construction. The original aluminum guardrails were replaced with concrete Jersey barrier guardrails in (Project F 025 2 and a new approach and slab were constructed in (Project 025 2 A bridge inspection noted evidence of minor deterioration of structural elements, including cracks and exposed steel rebar.

Minor repair work was completed but in early a 2 0 x 2 0 hole in the bridge deck was discovered, revealing much more serious damage to the concrete and rebar. This problem was temporarily repaired with the placement of three 4 0 x 8 0 steel plates over the damaged deck surface (Federal Aid Project STP 089 but due to the extensive damage the bridge was determined to have serious structural deficiencies and ADOT began planning construction of a replacement bridge. The Hell Canyon Bridge is to be removed after a new bridge is completed in 22 Fraser, Bridges; Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory, 70 71. 23 AHD, Ledger of Expenditures, June 6, April 29, Arizona State Archives.

24 AHD, Ledger of Expenditures, May 6, June 11, Arizona State Archives; Fraser, Bridges; Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory, 25 Bill Parks, Under the Southwest Sun, Prescott Courier, Westward section, March 5, 8. 26 ADOT, Structure Hell Canyon Bridge, Bridge Inspection Records, ADOT Bridge Section. HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 9) II. Structural/Design Information Description The Hell Canyon Bridge is a steel three span cantilevered Pratt deck truss structure with riveted connections. It has a total length of 585 6 , and a width of 35 4 , with a 30 wide roadway. The bridge crosses a steep rocky gorge about 140 above the floor of the canyon The bridge is located on a high plateau at an approximate elevation of above mean sea level (amsl).

The surrounding area is mountainous with several small canyons. Basalt boulders and limestone talus slopes are common. Vegetation consists of grasses and weedy annuals; trees such as shrub oak, juniper, Arizona black walnut, and pinyon pine; large shrubs such as cliffrose and mountain mahogany; and prickly pear cactus. Land use is primarily livestock grazing. The bridge's substructure consists of reinforced concrete abutments, wingwalls and piers on spread footings. The five bridge piers are numbered consecutively from north to south. Pier legs have battered surfaces on three sides. Pier 3, the largest, rises about 48 above ground level, and its battered legs taper from 7 0 x 7 0 at the base to 4 0 x 4 0 at the top. Legs of other piers taper from 4 0 x 4 0 to 3 0 x 3 0 .

The superstructure is comprised of riveted steel members. It is a three span cantilevered Pratt deck truss bridge. The long 250 0 central span consists of a 100 0 suspended span between two 75 0 cantilevered arms extending from Piers 2 and 3, which are counterbalanced by a 75 0 anchor span between Piers 1 and 2, and a 150 0 anchor span between Piers 3 and 4. The bridge approaches are steel girder spans. Each truss has 19 panels, each 25 0 wide and varying in height from 14 8 to 48 0 . Each truss resembles a series of steel arches because the lower chords of the polygonal panels gradually angle down toward the piers and appear to form a curve (See Field Record No. 1 and No. 4).

The top chords of the trusses consist of two channels connected with steel plates or flat bars riveted to the top and bottom flanges; plates were used on the tallest panels near the piers, while latticework of flat bars was used on the shortest panels near the middle of each span. The bottom chords are two channels connected with latticework of flat steel bars. Long vertical compression members are built up of two channels connected by latticework of flat steel bars HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 10) and short vertical compression members are I beams. Diagonal tension members are I beams with long steel plates riveted to the flanges.

The two trusses are connected at the top by transverse floor beams and at the bottom by struts and lateral bracing (See Photographs AZ 96 8 and AZ 96 9). Floor beams are I beams. Struts are built up of two angle beams connected with flat bar latticework (See Photograph AZ 96 Lateral bracing consists of T beams connecting the two bottom chords (See Photograph AZ 96 Sway bracing consists of T beams connecting the bottom chord of one truss to the top chord of the other truss. However, the sway bracing above Piers 2 and 3 have an additional strut, composed of four angle beams connected by flat steel bar latticework, separating two sway braces (See Photograph AZ 96 8). The clear distance between the two trusses is 30 6 .

The deck is concrete and is supported by transverse floor beams connected to the truss panel points and four I beam stringers between the floor beams (See Photograph AZ 96 All truss members are reinforced with riveted pin plates at the connection points. There have been few modifications of the Hell Canyon Bridge since its construction. As originally built, the bridge had aluminum balustrade handrails (See Field Record No. 4). In these were replaced with concrete Jersey barrier guardrails with Thrie beam railing at the approaches (Project F 025 2 New approach spans with 40 foot steel girders were added in (Project 025 2 HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 11) III.

Sources of Information Archival research was conducted at the following repositories: ADOT Bridge Section, Phoenix ADOT Engineering Record Section, Phoenix Arizona State Archives, Phoenix Hayden Library, Arizona State University, Tempe Sharlot Hall Museum, Prescott Arizona Historical Society, Tucson The key sources for compiling the written historical information are records of the AHD and technical reports prepared for ADOT over the past ten years. The available contextual information on the Hell Canyon Bridge is found to be reliable and accurate. Research was thorough, and no additional sources of information have been identified. Primary Sources Arizona Department of Transportation. Structure Hell Canyon Bridge, Bridge Inspection Records, ADOT Bridge Section. Arizona Highway Department.

Arizona Bridge Record Planning Survey Division, Hayden Library, Arizona State University, Tempe. Ashfork Prescott Highway, As built Plans. Federal Aid Project F.A. 62A(2), ADOT Engineering Record Section. Construction/Rights of Way Estimates. 54. Arizona State Archives. Ledger of Expenditures. June 6, April 29, Arizona State Archives. Ledger of Expenditures. May 6, June 11, Arizona State Archives. Log of the Arizona Highway System Division of Economics and Statistics, Hayden Library, Arizona State University, Tempe. HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 12) Log of the Arizona Highway System Division of Economics and Statistics, Hayden Library, Arizona State University, Tempe. Prescott Ashfork State Highway, As built Plans. Federal Aid Project F.I. ADOT Engineering Record Section.

Prescott Ashfork State Highway (Hell Canyon Bridge), As built Plans. Federal Aid Project F.I. ADOT Engineering Record Section. Prescott Ashfork State Highway (Hell Canyon Bridge), As built Plans. Non Federal Aid Project F.I. 62(1953)A, ADOT Engineering Record Section. Prescott Ashfork State Highway (Hell Canyon Bridge), As built Plans. Non Federal Aid Project F.I. 62(1954)A, ca. ADOT Engineering Record Section. Prescott Ashfork State Highway, As built Plans. Federal Aid Project F.I. ADOT Engineering Record Section. Prescott Ashfork State Highway, As built Plans. Federal Aid Project F.I. ADOT Engineering Record Section. Prescott Ash Fork State Highway, Hell Canyon Bridge, As built Plans. Federal Aid Project F.I. Non F 025 2 Arizona State Archives. Arizona State Engineer.

Sixth Biennial Report of the State Engineer to the Governor of the State of Arizona, Hayden Library, Arizona State University, Tempe. Kansas City Structural Steel Company. Erection Plan, Hell Canyon Bridge. Federal Aid Project F.I. Arizona State Archives. Wallace, Photographs of United States Highway 89 near Prescott (Ariz.). Arizona Highway Department, Digital identifiers 03 03 03 and 03 Arizona State Archives. HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 13) Secondary Sources Arizona Highway Department. History of the Arizona State Highway Department. Highway Planning Survey, Banta, Albert Franklin. Albert Franklin Banta: Arizona Pioneer. Edited by Frank D. Reeve. Historical Society of New Mexico Publications in History, Vol. XIV. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, Brown, Stan.

History along Route 89 from Chino Valley to Ash Fork. Sharlot Hall Museum, archives/days past/history along route 89 from chino valley to ash fork/, accessed 30 September Farish, Thomas Edwin. History of Arizona, vol. III. San Francisco: Filmer Brothers Electrotype Company, Fraser, Clayton B. Bridges; Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory. National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form. Fraser Design, Loveland, CO, Gilpin, Ruth. Paulden Pioneers. Paulden, Granger, H., ed. Will C. Barnes Arizona Place Names. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, Keane, Melissa, and J. Simon Bruder. Good Roads Everywhere: A History of Road Building in Arizona. URS Cultural Resource Report 28(AZ), URS Corporation, Phoenix, Myrick, David F. Santa Fe to Phoenix. Vol.

5 of Railroads of Arizona. Berkeley: Signature Press, Nicolson, John, ed. The Arizona of Joseph Pratt Allyn; Letters from a Pioneer Judge: Observations and Travels, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, Parks, Bill. Under the Southwest Sun. Prescott Courier, Westward section, March 5, 8. HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 14) Mark E., and Fred Andersen. Arizona Transportation History. Report No. FHWA AZ 11 Arizona Department of Transportation Research Center, Shaffer, George B., and Atwood. From the Capital, Where Winter Summers, Through the Mile High City to Ash Fork s Snows. Arizona Highways 1, no. 9 (December 15, 26. Shutt, Edwin Dale. Kansas City Structural Steel Company. Chap. V in Silver City, A History of the Argentine Community of Kansas City, Kansas. shutt/Chapter%205.pdf.

Small, Prescott Phoenix Highway Location. Arizona Highways 1, no. 4 (July HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 15) Hell Canyon Bridge Figure 1. Location Map. HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 (PAGE 16) Drake Figure 2. Vicinity Map. HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 Figure 3. Detail from Jerome Quadrangle, U.S. Geological Survey, (PAGE 17) HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 Figure 4. Detail from Paulden Quadrangle, U.S. Geological Survey, (PAGE 18) HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER No. AZ 96 Figure 5. Detail from Paulden Quadrangle, U.S.

Geological Survey, (PAGE 19) ADDENDUM TO: HAER AZ-96 HELL CANYON BRIDGE HAER AZ-96 (Structure Spanning Hell Canyon on State Route 89 at Milepost Drake vicinity Yavapai County Arizona FIELD RECORDS HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD INTERMOUNTAIN REGIONAL OFFICE National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior West Alameda Parkway Denver, CO