Pinal Creek Bridge, Spanning Pinal Creek at Cottonwood Street between Broad Street and Tebbs Street, Globe

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER AZ-102. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Spanning Pinal Creek at Cottonwood Street between Broad Street and Tebbs Street, Globe, Gila County, Arizona. Pinal Creek Bridge is located at latitude: longitude: within Township 1 North, Range 15 East, Section 25 of the Gila and Salt River Meridian. The coordinate s datum is the World Geodetic System The Pinal Creek Bridge location has no restriction on its release to the public. Present Owner/ Occupant: City of Globe

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER AZ-102. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) determined the Pinal Creek Bridge is significant at the local level under National Register of Historic Places Criterion C as one of the largest examples of a concrete bridge designed by ADOT s standard plans for bridges. The bridge was also determined eligible for the under Criterion A for its association with one of Arizona s early highway projects and as an integral link on a regionally important route.1 However, research conducted for this Historic American Engineering Record has revealed that the bridge was not constructed as part of any highway project. Rather, it was constructed by the City of Globe to provide reliable emergency vehicle access to residential and commercial developments across Pinal Creek.

Lastly, the bridge is a contributing structure (labeled the Tebbs Street Bridge) to the NRHP-listed Globe Downtown Historic District, which is significant at the local level under Criteria A and C in the areas of commerce, politics/government, and architecture.2 Character- defining features include the bridge s reinforced concrete construction over Pinal Creek and simple patterned design attributes, such as the functionally basic pipe railings, piers, and decking, which could be replicated in various locations. 1 Clayton B. Fraser, Bridges: Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory (FRASERdesign, 2 Marsha Weisiger, Globe Downtown Historic District, National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form (Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Section PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 2) Historian(s): Patricia Ambacher, MA, and Mark Bowen, MA Senior Architectural Historians Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. Natomas Park Drive, Suite 600 Sacramento, CA August

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER AZ-102. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

This Level II Historic American Engineering Record was prepared for ADOT to record the bridge in fulfillment of Stipulation VIII.G.1.a, and Attachment 6 of the Programmatic Agreement Pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act Regarding Implementation of Federal-Aid Projects in the State of Arizona, executed September 23, Patricia Ambacher, MA, and Mark Bowen, MA, served as principal investigators for the project and conducted primary and secondary research. Both Patricia and Mark meet the U.S. Secretary of the Interior s Professional Qualification Standards for history and architectural history. Robert G. Graham of Motley Design Group photographed the bridge and prepared the prints and negatives. PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 3) Part I.

Historical Information A. Physical History 1. Date(s) of Construction The Pinal Creek Bridge was constructed in 2. Architect/Engineer The standard plans issued by the Arizona Highway Department in were under direction of the State Highway Engineer Thomas Maddock who served from March 15, to January 2, The initials RVL and RAH are also noted on select sheets of the standard plan set from the period.3 As a state employee, Thomas Maddock was known to be fiscally resourceful and collaborated with local agencies to spread the cost of road improvements and maximize the areas of development.4 The City of Globe Engineer was Percy Bell. Mr. Bell served the City of Globe for many years surrounding the bridge s construction up to when he left the city and joined the Arizona State Highway Department.

Five years following this change, Percy Bell transferred to the state lands department and later died in January at age 3. Builder/Contractor/Supplier The builder and contractor are not known but were likely day laborers. Globe Hardware Company supplied the iron, wire, and cement, and the Globe Lumber Company supplied lumber for the bridge s construction.6 4. Original Plans and Construction Bridge plans and construction apparently based on slight variations of standard plans produced by the Arizona Highway Department in Standard plans included multiple sheets and options that allowed for adaptation to various locations and conditions. Specifically, the sheets for Design Number (Slab Bridges) and Design Number (Standard Pipe Handrail) appear to depict the subject bridge.

Abutments are flat rather than angled; examples are shown in the sheets. The diamond-end piers appear to be an adaptation of Standard Round End Piers (Design Number or Standard Square End Piers (Design Number 3 Arizona Highway Department, Standard Plans Bridges (multiple sheets) (circa Supplied by Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix Arizona. 4 Arizona State Library and Archives (Highways), Maddock Achieves Remarkable Record in Acquiring All Federal Aid with Limited Resources, (February 5, 1 2. 5 Engineering News-Record, Obituary (Percy Bell), Vol. no. 1 (January 4, 6. 6 Arizona Republican, Globe Company Given Contract For Bridges (August 9, 7; Arizona Record, Award Bridge Materials to Local Bidders (May 7, 6.

7 Arizona Highway Department, Standard Plans Bridges (circa PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 4) 5. Alterations and Additions Decorative lights at the east and west bridge approaches were removed.8 The date of this alteration is unknown. In one of the concrete railing s posts was demolished because of a vehicular accident.9 B. Historical Context This historic context provides an overview of the development of Globe, Arizona, and the Pinal Creek Bridge. Some of these subjects have been addressed in a previous statewide context statement, regulatory reports, and published secondary sources, which are cited in Part III of this document. 1.

City of Globe In two groups of prospectors filed the Globe and the Globe Ledge silver claims and eighteen months later, the Silver King lode was discovered, triggering a rush of miners to the area. By fall there were enough miners and claims to warrant the formation of a mining district. Globe was platted in early summer The site was chosen because of its convenience as a distribution point for the silver mines and its proximity to an adequate water supply from Pinal Creek. In October Globe was incorporated as the Village of Globe in Pinal County. There was a push to have the area, rich in minerals, separated from Pinal County.

In March Globe became the county seat for the newly created Gila County.10 For the first three decades of Globe s development, the town was remote and difficult to reach. To help move the ore from the mines, several of the mining companies built toll roads, the first of which was built in The establishment of the wagon roads, along with the development of the mines, brought economic growth to Globe and a boom in commercial establishments along Broad Street.

Throughout these early decades, Globe experienced floods, fires, an earthquake, and a windstorm, all of which damaged the commercial core of Globe causing residents to rebuild.11 These disasters caused Globe residents to petition for better fire control, a water system, telephones, gas, and electricity, and they were looking for a government to provide these services. Citizens wanted to incorporate as a city. In a petition was presented to the Gila County supervisors to have the Village of Globe disincorporated and reincorporated under the name Globe. The petition was successful in and the city was reincorporated in Gila County as Globe. A city council was formed, a mayor elected, and appointments were made for a city marshal, a city attorney, a street supervisor and a city engineer.

City officials began the process of constructing a new courthouse and county 8 Weisiger, Globe Downtown Historic District, Inventory Forms for Contributing Buildings. 9 ADOT, Structures Section, Bridge Inspection Report, Structure Number (September 2, 10 Weisiger, Globe Downtown Historic District, Section Donna Anderson, History of Globe Arizona (Seattle: WA: Classic Day Publishing, 1. 11 Weisiger, Globe Downtown Historic District, Sections 8-3 and PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 5) jail; petitions were filed to extend streets, and the construction of bridges and subdivisions of blocks to create alleys began.

In May the city purchased three hose carts and of fire hoses and installed nine fire plugs.12 Events occurring in Phoenix and the Salt River Valley also influenced Globe s development. In the passage of the National Reclamation Act brought plans to build a dam 35 miles northwest of Globe, below the confluence of the Salt River and Tonto Creek, as part of the Salt River Project. During the Apache Trail was constructed from Phoenix to the Roosevelt Dam site to provide access to the dam site. Around the road was extended to Globe.

The Apache Trail increased the availability of imported building materials and improved Globe s position as a regional market center.13 During the first decade of the twentieth century, Globe s business district and downtown, which was focused on Broad Street (divided as North Broad Street and South Broad Street), saw a tremendous amount of construction. Twenty-two new buildings were constructed.

Stores, banks, saloons, hotels, offices, bakeries, social halls, a library, and churches were constructed.14 The residential development occurred over the hills and into the canyons, which required new streets.15 By Globe was Arizona s fourth largest city.16 This growth resulted in several new developments along the western side of Pinal Creek, including at least three southwest of the subject bridge. One of the largest was the platted development of South Globe, which also became known as Toombs Addition (apparently named for F. L. Toombs, who served as the Secretary for the East Globe Land and Trust Company, which ordered the survey).17 As the automobile became popular, Globe s city council considered an ordinance to control traffic movement.

They were also being petitioned by the Gila County Board of Supervisors to realign North Broad Street to connect it with the new highway being built between Globe and Miami, located west of Globe. In North Broad Street was altered to go under the new railroad trestle under construction and curve west toward Blake Street in the north part of the city. The railroad tracks were also moved off Broad Street and onto Pine Street. The route to Miami was finished in and ran from North Broad Street to Blake Street and then to the county line.18 12 Anderson, History of Globe, 4 6. 13 Weisiger, Globe Downtown Historic District, Sections 8-4 and 14 Anderson, History of Globe, 11 13. 15 Anderson, History of Globe, 14. 16 Weisiger, Globe Downtown Historic District, Sections 8-4 and 17 Howard C.

Hopkins, Map of South Globe, on file at Gila County Assessor Office, Globe, AZ 18 Anderson, History of Globe, 19. PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 6) Pinal Creek runs through Globe, which necessitated the construction of several bridges. A wide footbridge was built across Pinal Creek on North Broad Street in the early This bridge was later modified and widened to accommodate automobiles and was one of Globe s first bridges across Pinal Creek. More bridges were added through the During World War I, there was an increase in copper production from the surrounding mines, a new sewer system was constructed, and Globe s roads were improved.

Decorative streetlights were added along Broad Street and sidewalks were added throughout the city.20 In the Broad Street was paved, and more bridges were constructed across Pinal Creek, including the subject Pinal Creek Bridge.

The closing of the mines, which had been so important to Globe s development, coupled with the Great Depression of the caused a population decline as residents moved where there was work available.21 In the mid-1930s, Works Progress Administration projects in Globe included establishing a municipal light plant; soil erosion services; library work; rock wall construction; and sidewalk, street, and sewer work.22 Throughout the World War II years, citizens contributed to the war effort by gathering scrap metal, and men joined the various military branches.23 Between Globe did not experience a significant growth in population, gaining only 278 residents for a total of In the the Southern Pacific Railroad discontinued its passenger service to the Globe-Miami area.

The result was the removal of railroad-related buildings, structures, and equipment. However, with the increased popularity of the automobile there were larger state highway projects completed, including U.S. Route 60, which opened in North Broad Street was widened to be part of the route.25 2. Pinal Creek Bridge Early in the history of Globe, there was a strong desire to have a footbridge constructed across Pinal Creek. When the creek flooded, it prevented residents on the west side of Globe from reaching downtown for shopping and supplies. Instead, residents had to travel a mile on a trail to the north end of the city that was considered too narrow and dangerous, where they would have to take the Broad Street Bridge across the creek.26 19 Anderson, History of Globe, 20.

20 Anderson, History of Globe, 31. 21 Weisiger, Globe Downtown Historic District, Section 22 Anderson, History of Globe, 47. 23 Anderson, History of Globe, 49. 24 U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population: Volume I Number of Inhabitants (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 25 Anderson, History of Globe, 56 57, 59. 26 Arizona Siler Belt, Want A Footbridge (April 5, 1. PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 7) In the Gila Valley, Globe & Northern Railway RR) was in the process of building a new freight depot where Newton Street was platted.27 Historic maps indicate that Newton Street was part of the original plat of Globe and was supposed to cross Pinal Creek south of East Cottonwood Street between what is today Tebbs Street to South Broad Street.

The street, however was never actually developed and the RR assumed it was constructing its depot on railroad owned property.28 If Newton Street were to be opened it would have delayed the construction of the freight depot and required pedestrians to cross six tracks of rail. The railroad argued that extending Cottonwood Street across Pinal Creek to Tebbs Street, which ran along the creek bed but was never opened as a thoroughfare, would provide a safer crossing for residents.29 In the RR began building a suspension bridge across Pinal Creek at Newton Street. Also included was an approximately 6' sidewalk that ran parallel to the railroad tracks. Property owners would build a concrete wall along the creek.30 Work began in June under the supervision of Barney Harmsen, the contractor.

The bridge was expected to be one of the longer ones in Globe and called for four abutments, one on either end and two in the channel of Pinal Creek.31 The bridge was finished in September and provided easier access to downtown for those residents living on the west side of Pinal Creek.32 On June 21, a constituency of residents and businesses filed a petition to the mayor and city council to build a vehicular bridge across Pinal Creek near the railroad freight depot. This request was because when water was flowing in Pinal Creek, fire trucks and delivery wagons could not service the southwestern section of Globe.

The matter was passed to the city engineer, and the mayor suggested consideration of a wooden bridge that was similar to another bridge constructed over Pinal Creek near Globe Foundry.33 Planning for a new bridge across Pinal Creek, near the railroad freight depot, began in A committee of citizens living in south Globe met with a special committee, consisting of Alderman S. F. Landford, William Wills, and W. P. Greer to petition the city council to build a bridge at this location, which would connect the area to downtown Globe. The initial plan was to model the bridge after Haskins Street Bridge, which had recently been constructed.

The special committee also planned to recommend to the city council that a roadway be secured at the western terminus of the bridge to connect it with West Maple Street.34 27 Arizona Silver Belt, Council Agrees to the Closing of Street (November 21, 5. 28 A.G. Pendleton and Wallace, Map from Globe, Gila County, June Sanborn Map Company, Globe, Gila County Arizona 13. 29 Arizona Silver Belt, Council Agrees to the Closing of Street (November 21, 5. 30 Arizona Silver Belt, Council Agrees to the Closing of Street ; Arizona Silver Belt, Plan Is Approved For New Bridge Over Pinal (April 13, 4. 31 Arizona Silver Belt, Work Will Begin on Footbridge Over Creek Today (June 24, 5. 32 Arizona Silver Belt, New Bridge Completed (September 4, 8.

33 City of Globe, Book 6 of City Council Minutes, Regular Meeting of the Mayor and Common Council, on file at City of Globe, Globe, Arizona (June 24, 34 Tucson Citizen, Bridges Across Pinal Creek Asked of City (June 23, 3; Arizona Record, Committeemen Recommend Bridge Across Pinal Creek (June 20, 3. PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No.

AZ-102 (Page 8) In Globe officials voted to construct two bridges over Pinal Creek, one at Willow Street (north of the subject bridge) and the other at Cottonwood Street, the subject of this document.35 Partial funding for the construction of these bridges came from an emergency tax levy, granted by the Arizona Tax Commission to the City of Globe in the amount of In August the Globe City Council awarded contracts to Globe Hardware Company and Globe Lumber Company to supply the materials to construct the two bridges.37 By September the concrete work for the Pinal Creek Bridge was finishing and it was estimated that by October the bridge would be open to vehicular traffic.38 The lights were apparently added in January 35 Arizona Republican, Two Bridges Will Be Built In Globe Over Pinal Creek (February 14, 36 Arizona Republic, Prospects For Good Crop In Gila River Valley Found By Tax Commission Members (April 12, 37 Arizona Republican, Globe Company Given Contract For Bridges.

38 Arizona Republican, Concrete Work On Bridge Over Pinal Creek Is Completed (September 28, 39 City of Globe, Book 7 of City Council Minutes, Regular Meeting of the Mayor and Common Council, on file at City of Globe, Globe, Arizona (January 19, PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 9) Part II. Structural/Design Information A. General Statement 1. Character The Pinal Creek Bridge is a simple road and pedestrian bridge and one of the earliest examples of bridges constructed using standard plans produced by the Arizona State Engineer to save costs and expedite the construction schedule for the City of Globe.

The character-defining features include the bridge s reinforced concrete construction over Pinal Creek and the simple, patterned design attributes, such as the functionally basic pipe railings, piers, and decking, which could be replicated in various locations. The railing design and construction is carried beyond the creek span to follow along the creek side of Tebbs Street south of the bridge for approximately 2. Condition of Fabric The May 5, ADOT inspection report rates the Pinal Creek Bridge s condition as poor.40 While fully functional, numerous locations of concrete spalling and exposed rebar are present. B. Description The Pinal Creek Bridge is a five-span, continuous concrete slab bridge. Piers are simple reinforced concrete with diamond-shaped ends.

The abutments are flat and perpendicular to the alignment of the bridge, with the east abutment extending a few additional feet to the north side of the bridge. Surface areas are textured only by the board-forms from construction, and the bridge is lacking adornment save for the pipe and concrete post railings that extend along the bridge in a relatively consistent pattern. The concrete posts alternate in widths by a few inches. A wide concrete sidewalk is located along the north side of the bridge. Mounts for previous light standards remain in the concrete posts at the corners of the bridge. A water supply pipe measuring approximately 6" diameter is located next to the south curb inside the traffic lane.

The pipe and concrete railings end in a parallel design at the east and turn outward at the west end. The railing extends to the north (on the northwest corner), and on the southwest corner the pattern is extended along the east side of Tebbs Street from the bridge to the street s intersection with West Maple Street. 40 ADOT, Structure Inventory and Appraisal Sheet, on file with the Arizona Department of Transportation Bridge Group, Phoenix, AZ (May 5, 1. PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 10) 1. Dimensions The Pinal Creek Bridge s approximate roadway width is maximum span length is and the structure length is The sidewalk measures The bridge s minimum vertical clearance is 2.

Layout The bridge carries West Cottonwood Street over Pinal Creek and then joins Tebbs Street on the west side of the creek. C. Site Information The bridge is located at the south end of the Globe s downtown historic district. The road and pedestrian bridge carries traffic over Pinal Creek, which was dry at the time the bridge was recorded and photographed. The east side of the bridge is characterized as urban, with a warehouse to the southeast corner and the former Arizona Eastern Railway depot to the northeast. A single set of active railroad tracks and modern-era railroad safety crossing arms/signals are located at the east end of the bridge where they cross West Cottonwood Street. The west side of the bridge is residential and fronts the Gila County RV Park.

Tebbs Street is a sharp turn to the south at the west end of the bridge. Native vegetation is growing around and under the bridge. 41 ADOT, Structure Inventory and Appraisal Sheet, 1. PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 11) Part III. Sources of Information A. Primary Sources Arizona Department of Transportation. Structure Inventory and Appraisal Sheet, May On file with the Arizona Department of Transportation Bridge Group, Phoenix, AZ. Arizona Highway Department. Standard Plans Bridges (multiple sheets), circa On file with the Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix Arizona. City of Globe. Book 6 of City Council Minutes, Regular Meeting of the Mayor and Common Council (June 24, On file at City of Globe, AZ. City of Globe.

Book 7 of City Council Minutes, Regular Meeting of the Mayor and Common Council, (January 19, On file at City of Globe, AZ. Fraser, Clayton B. Bridges: Arizona Historic Bridge Inventory. Accessed October 14, Hopkins, Howard C. Map of South Globe. On file at Gila County Assessor Office, Globe, AZ. Pendleton, A.G. and Wallace. Map of Globe Gila, County. Accessed June 24, Sanborn Map Company. Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Globe, Gila County, Arizona. Accessed August 23, U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. Census of Population: Volume I Number of Inhabitants. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, Accessed July 21, B. Secondary Sources Anderson, Donna. History of Globe Arizona. Seattle, WA: Classic Day Publishing, Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT).

Bridge Inspection Report. Structures Section, Structure Number September 2, Arizona Record. Committeemen Recommend Bridge Across Pinal Creek (Globe, AZ). June 20, Arizona Record. Award Bridge Materials to Local Bidders (Globe, AZ). May 7, Arizona Republic. Two Bridges Will Be Built In Globe Over Pinal Creek (Phoenix, AZ). February 14, Arizona Republic. Prospects For Good Crop In Gila River Valley Found By Tax Commission Members (Phoenix, AZ). April 12, PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 12) Arizona Republican. Globe Company Given Contract For Bridges (Phoenix, AZ). August 9, Arizona Republican. Concrete Work On Bridge Over Pinal Creek Is Completed (Phoenix, AZ). September 28, Arizona Silver Belt. Want A Footbridge (Globe, AZ). April 5, Arizona Silver Belt.

Plan Is Approved For New Bridge Over Pinal (Globe, AZ). April 13, Arizona Silver Belt. Work Will Begin on Footbridge Over Creek Today (Globe, AZ). June 24, Arizona Silver Belt. New Bridge Completed (Globe, AZ). September 4, Arizona Silver Belt. Council Agrees to the Closing of Street (Globe, AZ). November 21, Arizona State Library and Archives. Maddock Achieves Remarkable Record in Acquiring All Federal Aid with Limited Resources Vertical File (Highways). February 5, Engineering News-Record. Obituary (Percy Bell) (New York City, no. 1. January 4, Tucson Citizen. Bridges Across Pinal Creek Asked of City (Tucson, AZ). June 23, Weisiger, Marsha. Globe Downtown Historic District. National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of the Interior, National Park Service, PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 13) Appendix A. Engineering Plans PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 14) Figure 1. Engineering Plan Sheet Details of Standard Slab Bridges Figure 2. Engineering Plan Sheet Data for Slab Bridges PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 15) Figure 3. Engineering Plan Sheet Data for Slab Bridges Figure 4. Engineering Plan Sheet Details of Standard Slab Bridges PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 16) Figure 5. Engineering Plan Sheet General Notes and Design Data Figure 6. Engineering Plan Sheet Standard Square End Piers PINAL CREEK BRIDGE HAER No. AZ-102 (Page 17) Figure 7. Engineering Plan Sheet Standard Round End Piers Figure 8. Engineering Plan Sheet Standard Pipe Handrail