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THE AMERICAN

MOTION PICTURE

DIRECTORY

A CYCLOPEDIC DIRECTORY OF THE MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY

1914-15

PUBLISHED BY

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY CO. CHICAGO, U. S. A.

Copyright 1915 by American Motion Picture Directory Co., Chicago, 111.

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HE American Motion Pic- ture Directory Company presents this as its first Directory of the moving picture business. This volume is, we trust, the forerunner of editions to follow year by year, it represent- ing pioneer work of this kind, and is subject to criticism and improve- ments. This Company will welcome suggestions and criticisms and en- deavor to improve future edijtions. It is the hope of the managers that the American Motion Picture Directory will become the standard for the business it represents.

©GI,A398979

CENSORSHIP

The most perplexing question in connection with the motion picture industry is that relating to the censorship of films.

The legal and ethical questions involved are many and complicated.

Motion picture censorship arose out of the manufacture and exhibition of a class of pictures depicting sectional, national and class prejudices; the exploitation of notorious characters; insanity; use and effects of habit-forming drugs and narcotics; sacrilegious and allied subjects; barrooms, drinking and drunkenness; vulgarity in pictures; prolonged passionate love scenes; costuming - tights and insufficient clothing; infidelity and sex problems; women smoking and drinking; underworld scenes; opium joints, gambling; dance halls and other objectionable resorts; deeds of violence; pictures dealing with the social evil; the senseless use of weapons; treatment of officers of the law and disrespect for the law; motives and results of crime; crimes of violence against property and persons; prize fight scenes; gambling joints and other objectionable pictures.

All reputable film manufacturers recognize the necessity for some form of voluntary control or legal censorship; otherwise irresponsible concerns would turn out a class of pictures which, if not prohibited, would in a short length of time discredit the whole industry, and the greatest form of amusement in the world today would gradually fall into disrepute.

To curb this evil intelligently is the most important problem now confronting the manufacturers, pro- ducers and exhibitors.

The question arises - -who shall have jurisdiction covering censorship of films? Shall it be the federal government, the state government, municipal governments through their police powers, or shall it be accom- plished in the United States by the film manufacturers voluntarily submitting their films to the National Board of Censorship, a voluntary organization comprised of some of the greatest philanthropists, charity workers and public-spirited citizens in the United States, or shall there be no censorship at all?

The National Board of Censorship of motion pictures has given this matter profound and intelligent consideration, yet many of the large film manufacturers refuse to co-operate with them, on the ground that no philanthropic organization has a right to curtail their liberty, any more so than that newspapers, mag- azines, paintings, works of art, etc., should be submitted to a Board of Censorship before their publication or exhibition, their theory being that no Board of Censorship, legal or otherwise, has a right to anticipate that they will produce anything improper, and that each case stands on its own bottom; that after the production of a picture or other work of art, if it is against public taste or in violation of some existing law, then that legal tribunal having jurisdiction over such matters should take whatever action might be deemed necessary.

THE LAW APPLICABLE TO CENSORSHIP

The late Mayor Gaynor of New York City thus expressed himself on the subject of censorship of motion pictures in a letter to the Board of Aldermen at the time of his veto of a motion picture ordinance:

"In our fundamental instruments of government in this country, which we call constitutions, we ex- pressly guaranteed from the beginning, free speech and a free press, and prohibited the passing of any law abridging the same. The provision in the constitution of this state on that subject, which is substantially the same as the like provision in the constitution of the United States, and also of the states generally, is as follows:

" 'Every citizen may freely speak, write, and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right; and no law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press.'

"So universal has been the opinion that these constitutional provisions abolished all censorships of the press, and forbade them in the future, that we have been able to find only one attempt in this country to set up such a censorship before this one of yours. Our constitutional provision plainly is that publications, whether oral, printed, or by writing, or by pictures, shall not be restrained in advance, but that everyone shall be free to speak or publish what he sees fit, subject to being prosecuted afterwards for libel, immoral- ity, obscenity, or indecency therefor. There seem to be a few among us who wish us to retrace our steps, and resort to censorship again in advance of publication, and make it a crime to publish anything not permitted in advance by the censor. Do they know what they are doing? Do they know anything of the history and literature of the subject? Do they know that the'' ceffsaj^sliip of past ages did immeasurably more harm than good? Do they ever stop to think that such .censorships now would do even more harm

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AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

than they did in past ages, in comparison with what little good they might possibly do? I do not believe the people of this country are ready to permit any censor to decide in advance what may be published for them to read, or what pictures may be exhibited to them. Our laws forbid the publication of any libelous, obscene, indecent, immoral or impure picture or reading matter. Is not that enough? If anyone does this, he commits a criminal offense and may be punished therefor.

"If this ordinance be legal, then a similar ordinance in respect of the newspapers and the theaters generally would be legal. Are you of opinion that you have any such power as that? If so, you should probably begin with the newspapers and so-called high-class theatres. Once revive the censorship and there is no telling how far we may carry it. These moving picture shows are attended by the great bulk of the people, many of whom cannot afford to pay the prices charged by the theatres. They are a solace and an education to them. Why are we singling out these people as subjects necessary to be protected by a censorship? Are they any more in need of protection by censorship than the rest of the community? That was once the view which prevailed in government, and there are some among us, ignorant or untaught by past ages, who are of that view now. Are they better than the rest of us, or worse?"

THE STANDARDS OF THE NATIONAL BOARD OF CENSORSHIP OF MOTION PICTURES

Film censorship cannot be reduced to unchangeable rules. Even the principles often must be held tenta- tively until it is known whether a given principle is really no more than a prejudice. Film censorship encounters all those problems which still are obscure at the present stage of our knowledge of social ethics, of the nature of emotional response, of suggestion and of psychological reaction.

THE FUNCTIONS OF MOTION PICTURE CENSORSHIP AND ITS EVILS

The function of motion picture censorship is to pass upon motion pictures prior to their being released to the general public, permitting only the issuance of the morally unobjectionable ones. Police censorship, however, is one of the chief attributes of autocratic and paternalistic governments. There is involved here a fundamental principle which must not be considered lightly. It is the principle of liberty of speech and liberty of creation. The curtailment of this liberty is a matter of grave social danger. The moving pic- ture show represents expression of dramatic and of news events. In both of these, censorship is a delicate matter, and unless practiced with broadmindedness and liberality, is apt to do more harm than good. As soon as censorship passes beyond the realm of education and suggestive guidance, and becomes a matter of coercion, it is on dangerous ground. Society must, however, in some way, regulate motion pictures without permitting the establishment of a despotic form of legal censorship.

THE RELATION BETWEEN THE NATIONAL BOARD AND THE TRADE INTERESTS

The National Board of Censorship was organized in March, 1909, by the People's Institute, at the request of the theatres exhibiting motion pictures in New York City. At the request of a majority of the manufac- turers of motion picture films the scope of the work became national in June, 1909. Since that date the board has gained an increasing control over the films exhibited in America, until now it is claimed this or- ganization views over 95 per cent of all films shown to the American public.

The board has, since June, 1909, been administered by the People's Institute of New York, whose clerical machinery is utilized in part by the board. These members are drawn from every group, such as professional people, social workers and others interested in motion picture problems. No member of the board is engaged in any branch of the motion picture business, and no member is salaried directly or indirectly for his services.

THE NATIONAL BOARD AS A MEANS OF TRADE REGULATION

One reason claimed for the existence of the National Board is that it supplies a means of internal trade regulation. The audiences and the public hold all manufacturers responsible for the product of any one manufacturer. A single producer of obscene or demoralizing films will bring discredit upon all the exhib- itors in a large city, and will injure the business of every manufacturer who produces for the American market. As a result of this fact, the motion picture has to rise or fall as a whole. The standing of every manufacturer is dependent to a certain extent upon the good intentions of every other manufacturer or importer.

It is claimed that this control cannot be exerted save through the admission by all business parties to some outside disinterested agency; the National Board of Censorship is simply this agency, to which they and their competitors submit for moral censorship, in order that the whole film business may not be injured through the recklessness of one or a few members of that business. The community of interest among motion picture manufacturers - even rival manufacturers - is thus a powerful aid to the board in making its verdicts effective.

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTOR?

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THE NATIONAL BOARD AS AN AGENT OF PUBLIC OPINION

The principal reason, however, for the existence of the National Board is that it is the agent of public opinion in the moral regulation of photoplays. Public opinion is not represented by professional uplifters and reformers - the collection of moralists generally - but is represented by the thoughtful intelligent attitude of the great mass of mankind which is not greatly afflicted with "isms" of any sort. The members of the National Board accordingly give their thoughtful attention to the pictures and try to reflect what the people of the United States would think about any given picture were they sitting en masse to view a picture.

THE PROCEDURE OF THE NATIONAL BOARD OF CENSORSHIP

The Censoring Committee, which views all pictures submitted to the board, is divided into a number of sub-divisions, each one of which gives one morning or one afternoon a week to viewing pictures. A ma- jority of those acting determines the action of the board on any picture. An appeal from the verdict of the Censoring Committee may be taken by any dissatisfied member of the committee, by the secretary, or by the owner of the film in question. The General Committee has the power of final review. Upon review the film is again exhibited before the General Committee; members of the committee of first inspection state their reasons for or against; the owner of the film presents his defense of the film; and the General Com- mittee reaches the final verdict. As soon as final action is taken, the owner of the film is notified in writing, and the notification is sent through the weekly Bulletin to correspondents of the board.

In following up its verdicts to see that they are faithfully executed, the board uses a number of methods.

1. The board carries on local inspection in the New York theatres. As it is usual for the board's recommendations to be carried out in the original negative from which all copies are made, a change which appears in a film seen in New York likewise appears in all other copies of the film.

2. The motion picture trade papers contain very complete advance information about all films designed for regular releases. Films are sold through advertisements printed in these papers. In addition, special or so-called states rights films are usually sold through advertisements printed in these papers. In this way the board is able to check up the films inspected and to detect films which may not have been submitted to it for inspection.

3. The board co-operates with local censoring boards, all of whom see either all films which come to their city or a large part of them. The numerous correspondents of the board who receive its Weekly Bulle- tin, are expected to inspect films shown in their city and at least to make a special search in order to ascer- tain whether any condemned film is shown, and whether all changes recommended by the board are carried out in the films shipped to their locality.

4. The National Board also receives regular reports from several social organizations, boards of public welfare and police departments, who make it their business to inspect films listed as bearing eliminations on the Weekly Bulletin issued by the board. These organizations report to the National Board whether the changes requested in pictures have been faithfully carried out. When unfavorable reports are received, the matter is at once taken up with the manufacturer and an adjustment effected.

If the board learns that any manufacturer has made a film public without submitting it to the board, or that he has failed to carry out the requests of the board regarding suppressions or alterations, this fact, unless promptly rectified, results in a complete severance of relations between the owner of this film and the board. In other words, the board reviews in advance either all of a manufacturer's product or none of it, and continues this advance inspection only so long as the manufacturer uniformly carries out the board's recommendations. Of course, even where films are not reviewed in advance, the board makes every effort to see them after they begin to be publicly exhibited, and notifies its correspondents if it detects anything objectionable.

If any objectionable film is made public, the board promptly notifies the film exchanges which might purchase this picture and the civic bodies and police agents whose duty it is in case they agree with the judgment of the board, to suppress the picture. This necessity does not arise frequently, and in every case such action of the board has resulted in a return of large quantities of film to the manufacturer and in a serious loss of money to him. Instances of this kind are increasingly rare.

CONSULTATIONS BETWEEN THE NATIONAL BOARD AND SPECIALISTS IN SOCIAL PROBLEMS

In order to obtain as representative an opinion as possible, it has been the policy of the National Board on special occasions to call to its assistance the advice of men and women who are specialists in social prob- lems. In this way the board has had the benefit of the judgment of representatives of as many as a dozen social agencies of national repute in passing on films which presented unusual problems and called for the formation of new policies. The National Board has been fortunate in obtaining the co-operation of many

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AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

institutions leading in public thought when pictures offering peculiar problems have been presented to it. It was after such conferences that the National Board formulated its policy on the white slave and drug films set forth in sections elsewhere stated in these standards.

WHAT THE NATIONAL BOARD CANNOT DO

' It is necessary to preface a statement of what the board does by what it does not do and cannot do.

1. The board cannot censor for any particular audience. It cannot require that the films approved by adults shall be shown only to adults. It cannot select the programs which are to be shown to children. Trade conditions are such that at present every film goes to the whole American audience, men and women, young and old.

It can and does urge the establishment of children's theatres and the presentation of special children's programs.

2. The board does not enforce on motion pictures simply its own views of what is desirable or right. The board tries to eliminate its own personal equation completely. It tries to judge as to the real effect of each film on the composite audience which will witness it.

3. The board does not regard itself as a censor of taste, unless it is clear that the question of taste is an essentially moral question.

4. The board does not regard itself as a censor of accuracy, unless the accuracy in question is of a libelous kind, or will result in some concrete disaster to the person whom the inaccuracy misleads.

5. The board does not censor motion pictures from the standpoint of protecting the exhibitor or manufacturer from the consequences of producing a film which may alienate some powerful element in the community.

6. The board cannot judge films exclusively from the standpoint of children, or delicate women, or the emotionally morbid or neurasthenic, or of any one class of audience. But the board does take into con- sideration, as one of the controlling motives governing it, the fact that possibly 15 per cent of a total motion picture audience is made up of children under si.xteen. It also recognizes that adolescents who attend picture shows are peculiarly open to suggestion.

7. The board is not responsible for posters, handbills, or other advertising which may be given out concerning motion pictures. These are often sensational, sometimes misleading, and need to be controlled by local authorities all over the country; but it is impossible for the National Board to be responsible for them.

8. The board does not, in judging films, allow itself to be influenced by the moral character of persons who may be concerned in the production or acting of the films. But the board does . retain the right to forbid the exploitation of unworthy reputations, such as morbid presentation of persons who may have been associated with famous criminal cases.

THE DIFFICULTY OF MAINTAINING ABSOLUTE CONSISTENCY

It is obvious that no matter how carefully a set of standards l^e drawn up, and how conscientious the censors be in interpreting public opinion, absolute consistency will not be attained; for the personal equation will always creep into the decisions. Dififerent temperaments will react differently, and it is futile to seek a machine-like unanimity of opinion even though all be agreed on general principles and standards.

The principle the censors should bear in mind is that in case of reasonable doubt, they should give the picture the benefit of the doubt. Unless a picture be questionable, it should be passed rather than have the National Board restrict freedom of expression. Sometimes eliminations, additions, or changes or sub-titles will improve it. I THE DIFFICULTY OF CENSORING FOR ALL THE PEOPLE

The fact that the same picture goes to all audiences gives rise to some of the greatest problems of censor- ship. These audiences are composed of a conglomeration of people, ranging from three to eighty years of age, and representing social traditions and educational influences, some modern and some antiquated, some native and some foreign. Because of the present organization of the motion picture business, the board has to pass moral judgment upon pictures destined for just such a diversified public.

MOTION PICTURES, CHILDREN AND CENSORSHIP

In censoring pictures, the National Board bears in mind the whole motion picture audience, and not simply the children, the morbid or the neurasthenic. It is sometimes alleged by certain people that a board of cen- sorship should see to it that all pictures are made suitable for children to see. While it is true that possibly

AMEEICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

IS per cent of the patrons of motion pictures are children under sixteen years of age, still it would be a calamity to reduce all pictures to the plane of the intelligence of the child. This is not the policy of the National Board. The motion picture is a new art and requires freedom from artificially hampering restric- tions to achieve its possibilities. Many themes are suitable for adults and are a legitimate field for the motion picture art which are not entirely adapted for children. As a rule, such subjects are usually incompre- hensible to the child and hence have no particular effect upon him. The solution of proper pictures for children probably will be found in having separate theatres for children and then in presenting carefully selected children's programs.

CENSORSHIP AND THE ADOLESCENT

The National Board believes that it cannot take the same position in criticising pictures for the adoles- cent as for the child in the ages up to the teens. While it is true that in the adolescent from twelve to seven- teen, the imagination acts quickly on the senses, still it is also true that the mind of the boy or girl gener- ally preserves, in at least recognizable form, the ideals of youth which act in varying degrees as a check against evil thoughts and evil doing.

By keeping obscenity and unnecessary suggestion out of motion pictures, the National Board believes that the harm that the motion picture can do the boy or girl in the susceptible period is minimized or done away with. The board is confident that the average boy or girl in the motion picture house can distinguish in the main good from evil when these appear on the screen, and, if youth is to learn to look rightly upon the questionable matters of life, it should have the opportunity of distinguishing for itself what is question- able and what, is not.

It is essential in all pictures in which questionable scenes occur that the main argument and effect of the picture shall be for good. To this end the censor should see to it that the evil characters in the picture come to harm as a direct result of their evil doings and that the net effect of the picture be convincingly in favor of good.

It is necessary to recognize the vast increase of knowledge in the study of adolescence during the last few years. It is, therefore, seeking the judgment of those in the United States most skilled in adolescent psychology for a definition of the influence of the motion picture on members of this period of storm and stress.

THE CENSORSHIP OF THE NATIONAL BOARD IS CONSTRUCTIVE

Experience has taught the National Board of Censorship that the best possibility of the work of censorship can be attained only when combined with a constructive policy. Censorship in itself alone is essentially destructive and coercive. The board has often regarded the use of this word as unfortunate. For this reason, the National Board uses its influence with manufacturers and importers of films to pro- duce only such films as in some way have real social value. By offering suggestions to the manufacturers, the National Board has been able to inspire a steady improvement in the character of the films produced. The manufacturers welcome this help from an impartial board of independent people. This work naturally progresses slowly, but it represents substantial and effective education at the point of production. In addition to making these comments and suggestions to the manufacturers, the National Board tries to follow a constructive policy by bearing in mind the purpose of the producer and the integrity of the art creation. Frequently, the National Board, in making eliminations, adds something of material value to the art of the picture. The board expects the members of the committee to have well considered reasons for requesting each proposed elimination.

TRUTH OF REPRESENTATION IS NOT A SUFFICIENT CRITERION BY WHICH TO JUDGE PICTURES

Some people have said that any picture which is truthful, which depicts any aspect of life as it really is, should be passed; that only those pictures which do not ring true to life should he condemned. This is fallacy. There are phases of life in various parts of the world which would be entirely misunderstood by American audiences. Moreover, complete knowledge probably would hurt no one, but the difficulty lies in this - that complete truth or knowledge is not given in a picture; we get only a partial vision of truth. Vice and crime often apparently triumph and lead most enjoyable existences, but it is impossible to define their influences upon any one life or to illustrate their ultimate consequences in the picture. The rami- fications of evil are limitless. Consequently, it is impracticable to accept in film criticism the statement that if a picture be a true representation of life, it is harmless and should be passed.

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AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

THE PROBLEM OF CENSORING FARCES, BURLESQUES AND SATIRE WHICH DEAL WITH QUESTIONS OF MORALITY

The National Board has repeatedly stated that subjects which are immoral, indecent or innately crimi- nal cannot be allowed on the excuse that their treatment is unusual and therefore disarming. This applies particularly to farces and burlesques. There are certain types of subjects which become at once objectionable if treated in any but a serious manner. Many themes are made immoral when their true importance in the relations of society is ridiculed and shown in a farcical and burlesquing light. Marital infidelity, degeneracy and sexual irregularities are notable examples. In the drama of life these them.es are generally ones of tra- gedy, the causes or results of social forces that mankind has always struggled against, and to make of them low comedy is not only to progress in the direction of bad taste, but also to vulgarize the presentation of life itself. The board will, therefore, act accordingly when such treatment is given these themes. So, likewise, satire should not be permitted to of¥end the moral sense in its attacks on existing customs, beliefs and manners. The National Board realizes, however, that satire has always been one of the chief forces in tearing away the conceits and hypocrisies of society in order that society may grow, and as such may be regarded as a legitimate and desirable form of expression in the new art of the motion picture drama.

THE PURPOSE OF THE PRODUCER VERSUS THE EFFECT ACHIEVED

The board is concerned with the effect achieved in a picture, the impression on the audience, rather than with the purpose which actuated the producer.

The producer's purpose obviously will not always produce the desired effect because of lack of skill or misunderstanding by the actors, and because the motion picture patron will always interpret and understand a picture in terms of his own experience and knowledge. He will not be a philosopher and analyze and rationalize the picture in terms of abstract principle, with a view to determining the producer's purpose.

Nevertheless, it will be well for the censors always to bear in mind what the producer intends. If by sub-titles or other means he has clearly indicated his purpose at the outset, the probability of his achieving the desired effect is greatly enhanced, as the audience is put into just the frame of mind that will most readily react as the producer requires. On the other hand, the producer cannot attain his purpose by merely stating in the beginning, if the picture itself belies his statement.

EXTRANEOUS INCIDENTS AND THEIR MORAL EFFECT

Frequently it is of assistance in censoring pictures to consider whether a given incident is produced with the purpose of developing the characters of the drama or simply as extraneous matter to amuse the audience. If the incident is essential to the plot of the story and the development of the characters of the play, it is often permissible to show scenes which in themselves are open to slight criticism, but which have sufficient value in the play to make it obligatory upon the board to pass them to avoid arbitrarily and irrationally limiting the possibilities of photoplay development. If, however, a questionable scene seems to be pro- duced simply to amuse or thrill an audience, it must be unobjectionable from the censorship point of view. Otherwise, it has no legitimate excuse for being and will be eliminated. Cases like this call for a nice use of judgment and frequently opinions will differ.

PICTURES MUST BE JUDGED AS A WHOLE

Pictures have to 'be adjudged as a whole with a view to the final total effect they will have upon the audiences, and the censor should remember that pictures should not be condemned because of some little incident in them. An incident which is objectionable per se is used, sometimes in such a manner in the picture that it becomes merely tributary to the principal idea which may be good. The board does not approve of a picture which lauds an evil deed as a commendable incident in bringing about a good one. On the other hand, it occasionally passes pictures where an evil incident is instrumental in bringing about a good, provided such evil incident is not held up as being excusable or commendable. This means that the incident must be purely incidental and not one of the features of the story to be remembered, to excite or to be emulated.

HOW FAR THE NATIONAL BOARD IS RESPONSIBLE FOR TRUTH IN THE PICTURES

The National Board holds itself in no wise responsible for the truth or falsity of the pictures or the in- cidents in them. This statement, however, should be modified somewhat. The board has ruled that it will not pass pictures which would tend to influence public opinion on questions of fact in any matter that is

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

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before the courts for adjudication. The real ground for condemning the pictures of this type is, of course, not that they are true or false, but rather that they would tend to distort the process of law. In general, however, the board totally disregards the truth or falsity of pictures.

SECTIONAL, NATIONAL AND CLASS PREJUDICES AND THE CENSORSHIP

Many of the criticisms of motion pictures and their censorship have their foundation in local prejudice. Practically uniform though the people of the United States are in most of their ideas, political, social and moral, there are yet certain striking differences and these differences naturally are much in evidence in the comments on motion pictures. It is clear that when the treatment of a race is unduly libelous, the question of censorship is raised. Now all these prejudices and different points of view make it inexpedient to pass upon pictures in a purely rational manner according to certain principles theoretically conceived. Through the force of circumstances the board is compelled to steer a middle course in an effort to adhere as closely as possible to the rationally conceived principles for which it stands, and yet pay sufficient regard to popu- lar prejudice. By so interpreting its duty between the new art and public opinion it hopes to cause public opinion to be impressed upon the film art at the same time the film art is interpreted in such a manner aS to change public opinion.

The censor who comes to the board, however, with certain preconceived prejudices, certain points of view because of his environment and previous experience, should constantly be on his guard against allowing such personal, sectional, class or professional prejudices unduly to influence his censorship decisions.

THE EXPLOITATION OF NOTORIOUS CHARACTERS

The board does not, in judging films, allow itself to be influenced by the moral character of persons who may be concerned in the production or acting of the films. But the board does retain the right to forbid the exploitation of unworthy reputations, such as the morbid representation of persons who may have been associated with famous criminal cases. If the picture is merely a news picture without dramatic plot, how- ever, it should be passed, even though the person exploited has gained an evil notoriety. Occasionally a "fake" news picture or dramatic picture, founded upon a current event, is made. In judging the merits of such a picture, it is well to consider that its effect upon the public will be different from what would be the case were the same drama entirely divorced from the event on which it may be founded. This is because it comes at a time when the public mind is in a condition where certain deeds, characters, or experiences have an unusual significance. Such a picture will often cast a glamor around the person or persons involved. Thereby, it becomes objectionable in s'^tting up for emulation a person of unworthy character. In no case would the National Board pass a picture which glorified or excused the evil doer, or otherwise affected public opinion on a matter before the courts for adjudication.

From experience, the board holds that it must take into consideration also the methods used in adver- tising and exploiting the characters of this type of photoplay.

INSANITY IN MOTION PICTURES

Occasionally a photodrama requires the presentation of an insane character. The danger in productions of this type is that the portrayal will be unduly morbid or gruesome. Consequently, the National Board has dealt severely with those films which picture maniacs on the ground that they unduly harass the emotions of the normal person and seldom serve a real dramatic purpose. The introduction of such characters is usually for the purpose of picturing a sensational and harrowing scene. The board has to distinguish between dra- matic purpose and the morbid, harrowing or gruesome. The insane character who is not a maniac is less liable to be eliminated from the picture; though if the presentation of such character be unduly unwholesome or unpleasant, it is challenged by the National Board. The tendency of the board is distinctly against this type of picture, unless some serious purpose is served and the harrowing and objectionable elements are reduced to a minimum.

MOTION PICTURE PRESENTATION OF THE USE AND EFFECTS OF HABIT-FORMING

DRUGS AND NARCOTICS

The board recognizes the need of popular education as to extent and dangerous effects of habit-forming drugs and believes that motion pictures may be a medium for this purpose.

The board is opposed in the presentation of this subject to the portrayal of the alluring, the gruesome and suggestive. It will allow only those scenes of the original progress and accompaniments which are dra-

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AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

matically necessary to point the moral. It also opposes those methods of using. such drugs as would stimulate curiosity and experimentation. It will critically scan any suggestions of easy methods of obtaining such drugs.

It will support those subjects presented in a dignified, sincere and dramatic way which will enlighten and arouse the public to the enactment and enforcement of laws tending to the repression or prevention of illegal or immoral use or sale.

CONSIDERATION AND COMPARISON OF CUSTOM, TASTE AND MORALS

One of the things which occasionally causes the National Board to be considered inconsistent is that there are many deeds depicted in motion pictures which are sometimes a matter of custom, sometimes of taste, and sometimes of morals. Often they are one thing in one section of the country and sometimes different in another. When they appear, in the particular picture under discussion, to belong in the cate- gories of custom or taste to such an extent that they are entirely divorced from morals, they are, of course, passed by the National Board. If they raise a question of morals, they have to be considered as a matter of morals, not of custom or taste; and the action taken may be exactly opposite from the action of the board on precisely the same deed in another picture where no question of morals entered. In all these instances, however, the board tries to be consistent with its basic principles even though the action taken seems most inconsistent to the unthinking. The field of operation of the board is that of morals and not of custom or taste.

SACRILEGE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS

Probably no normal person will question the decision of the National Board to repress sacrilege, even though it is perhaps as much a question of bad taste as bad morals. Deep seated in all men is the feeling of reverence for certain things or forces accounted sacred by them. Now, anything that is so vital as this is a legitimate subject for motion pictures, but because of its very nature, it requires unusually careful treat- ment. Farce, burlesque, possibly melodrama, indeed all treatment of such subjects which is actuated by levity or any other than a serious purpose is altogether out of place in this connection, and is consistently discouraged by the National Board.

It is a much more difficult thing to determine just what is sacrilege. The general principle followed by the board is that those things which shock the religious sensibilities of large and representative portions of the population should be forbidden, especially if the sacrilege be intentional. This does not mean the elimi- nation of all the minor things which run counter to the religious prejudices of a portion of the people, but only those things which actually tend to weaken the religious spirit or profane sacred things or bring them into contempt or disrepute. It is not in itself sufficient ground for condemning an incident that it is not true; to condemn it, it must be shown that it will have an injurious effect upon the audience.

BAR-ROOMS, DRINKING AND DRUNKENNESS

One of the perplexing problems in censorship is what to do with the bar-room scenes, drinking and drunkenness in motion pictures. They have their legitimate place in the motion picture drama, but the objection lies in the proportion they bear to all other scenes. Obviously this cannot be remedied rationally by enforcing censorship restrictions against some^of them, though it can be influenced no doubt by help- ful suggestions given in co-operative spirit. This is done from time to time by the board. The proportion of these scenes should be regulated in the final analysis by what the public shows it likes or dislikes. Certain types of drama require such scenes to give them realism and local color and to these in moderation the National Board can rationally take no exceptions. Such scenes must be used with discretion and made of significance in the drama. Scenes of this type are discouraged by the National Board, and, if it need be, condemned.

Occasionally producers essay to use drunkenness as a source of amusement, especially as farce or bur- lesque. The board will condemn this if it afford occasion for nastiness or indecency. If, however, the farce and ridiculousness of the situation so far 'outshadow the intoxication that the latter is forgotten, pictures are sometimes passed even though intoxication is the basis of the amusement. Few producers and actors can handle the subject inoffensively and the tendency of the board is more and more to eliminate such scenes.

VULGARITY IN PICTURES

The board makes a constructive report to the producers each week on all films, and these comments, of course, give the attitude of the board on questions of vulgarity in specific pictures. These reports, together with the occasional bulletins issued by the board to the producers, are gradually correcting this offense against

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good sense and decency. Vulgarity is not wit. Vulgarity which is divorced from immorality is not legitimate subject for censorship other than that of the slow working of public opinion, and unless the vulgarity borders on immorality or indecency, the National Board feels compelled to ignore it. The same is true of insanity also.

PROLONGED PASSIONATE LOVE SCENES

One of the reforms established by the National Board has been the curtailment of those prolonged love scenes which are ardent beyond the strict requirements of the dramatic situation. The board recognizes the difference between expressions of affection and sensuality and would discuss the motives for the introduction of scenes of this latter type. If these experiences are wholesome, truthful and artistic, there is no objection to their being shown provided the net effect is not salacious. The National Board believes it is one of the purposes of censorship to keep out of the mire the great experiences of humanity so that they may not be cheapened to the extent of their losing their significance.

COSTUMING - TIGHTS AND INSUFFICIENT CLOTHING

Questions of immorality and indecency arise in connection with nudes and unusual costuming because of the accompanying action together with the associated ideas aroused in the minds of the spectators. Savages in their native dress and surroundings and pursuing their normal functions would be suggestive to nobody, but would be suggestive if these conditions were not true, or if the savages were performing some suggest- ive dance. It is impossible to pass pictures of women almost wholly undressed, but yet displaying a lavish amount of lingerie. The same thing is true of women's dress where it is too much decollete. In both these cases, convention is disregarded and through the habit of association becomes unavoidably suggestive of inde- cency or immorality, as illustrated by wearing a bathing costume away from a bathing beach.

Frank exposure of the person is much less objectionable than the exposure which is partly hidden and partly revealed. To the adolescent youth and adult of arrested development, the mere fact that the cos- tuming of a woman displays portions of her body usually concealed awakens the imagination and becomes suggestive of immorality and indecency. Especially is this true if the surroundings in which the scantily dressed characters are placed are unusually suggestive. The producers sometimes assume that true art calls for the particular costume chosen, but if the board thinks that the art is put in to carry the immorality over, or that the immorality is more effective than the art, it considers that it is its duty to condemn this picture.

INFIDELITY AND SEX PROBLEM PLAYS

The National Board has never denied that these are legitimate subjects for the motion picture, but has insisted that they be treated with seriousness and artistic reserve. In criticising this type of photoplay, the board insists that the recognized standards of sex morality be upheld.

WOMEN SMOKING AND DRINKING

There are certain acts which are sometimes a question of custom, sometimes of taste and sometimes of morals. One example of this is the question of women's smoking and drinking. To the women of certain nationalities and places, it is a matter of custom altogether, and the pictures would be untrue without it; to women of other places, it is a matter of taste, that is, it is no longer a question of morals with them and yet is not crystalized into custom; and to women of yet other places, it is esteemed a matter of morals. In judging such scenes, the National Board bases its action on the above theory.

UNDERWORLD SCENES, OPIUM JOINTS, GAMBLING, DANCE HALLS AND OBJECTIONABLE DANCING, VULGAR FLIRTATIONS, QUESTIONABLE RESORTS

The National Board requires that when scenes of the general type listed above are produced, it be in such a manner that no spectator is stimulated to put them into practice. For this reason permanent profit or enjoy- ment should not be shown as accompanying characters in these scenes; rather their true characters as being innately low, vulgar and indecent should be brought out together with the inevitable results to which they lead. Their sordid nature must be kept in the minds of the spectators, and the scenes themselves must have dramatic usefulness in the play and not be introduced as so much padding or vaudeville entertainment. The public does not approve of debauches and the board will not tolerate a vicarious participation in them. The

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board requires that when the portrayal of scenes of this type is necessary to the development of a legiti- mate story, it be truthful and complete so that no false notion of glamor, gaiety or romantic adventure lead anyone to misapprehend the true character of such scenes, but rather show the essential sordidness, shallow- ness, discontent and commercialism on which these scenes and the characters in them rest. If produced with a proper purpose, these scenes are usually moral in effect, but if produced merely for entertainment, they are usually immoral and should be eliminated. There is danger of the number of such scenes being multiplied until the net impression of the drama is bad and the picture will be condemned.

As a rule, it is preferable to have such scenes short, both for the sake of morality and because the art is often greatest when unessential detail is suppressed to bring out the main impression. In gambling scenes, for instance, what is sought is the atmosphere of the place, development of the characters and certain salient facts such as who is the winner, while elaborate or instructive details of the gambling method used will be eliminated.

In dance hall scenes where various kinds of dancing are taking place, it is well to make the scene sketchy and avoid suggestively instructive details. To prolong such scenes beyond the needs of clear exposition is to invite elimination. The board is consistently opposed to those dances where the positions of the dancers, their movements, etc., are evidently sensuous.

Where vulgar flirtations and street solicitation tend to outrage the public sense of decency, they are to be condemned.

In questionable resort scenes, the purpose of the producer and the effect attained must guide the censor. If essential to the story and the story itself be permissible, it would seem that such scenes should be per- mitted; but they must be handled with the greatest of care and only enough shown to make the exposition of the story clear and give the proper atmosphere. Without these scenes a comprehensive study of character development, which is one of the legitimate functions of the motion picture, would be impossible in some of the more pretentious plays. This matter, however, is so difficult to handle that it most often results in failure and consequently has to be eliminated. In principle, however, such scenes under certain conditions are per- missible, but it is a subject that the board cautions all producers against attempting. Of course, such scenes have to be made intellectually suggestive without being made physically stimulating and suggestive. The board requires that when these scenes are produced they be made unintelligible to children and innocuous to adolescents.

THE ACTION OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL BOARD OF CENSORSHIP ON FILMS DEALING WITH THE SOCIAL EVIL

The members of the board recognized that moving picture houses and the vaudeville theatres are primarily places of amusement and not of serious discussion and education. They agree that the only justification for the portrayal of the social evil by motion pictures is that they shall be educational. They further appreciate that the motion picture by reason of the lack of dialogue and the necessity of emphasis on the dramatic is a difficult medium for this form of education.

They agree, moreover, that education in the normal and abnormal facts of sex is fraught with danger and must be handled with tact and delicacy and given under the right surroundings to be effective.

These considerations have led them to agree as follows:

The board will critically examine all films presenting various forms of sex lapses, for those effects on audiences which arouse rather than minimize passion, which tend to perpetuate the double standard of moral- ity, which reveal easy ways of gratifying desire and of making money in the "trade" or which simply indi- cate the weakness of humanity or recite the dreary detail of the lives of those unfortunate members of society called "prostitutes."

Since those who have worked most widely and skillfully on this problem have come to the conclusion that the most fruitful line of procedure is in the region of prevention, the board will give its support to those subjects and films which present facts in a sincere, dramatic way, leading to repression or to the removal of causes of commercial or sub-rosa prostitution.

There is a place on the screen of the motion picture theatre for presentations which unquestionably indicate the causes, the dangers and the effects of sexual misconduct. Those subjects dealing with the social evil, will therefore be supported by the National Board of Censorship, which arouse fear in the minds of both sexes, which develop a hatred on the part of the audience of this ancient evil, which stimulate efforts to rescue the prostitute, and which indicate sensible and workable methods of repression or suppression.

The board further states that in every instance the psychological and moral effects of the motion picture on the audience must be studied. It is difficult to indicate in advance what these will be, since so much depends on the personality, sincerity and actions both of the players and the producers.

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DEEDS OF VIOLENCE.

In the absence of dialogue, the motion picture drama necessarily emphasizes action and movement, including deeds of violence. The spirit of struggle at the present stage of human development is a phase of growth, both spiritual and physical, necessary to continue and advance the race, and it would be unwise to deprecate this spirit which is so native and essential to man. While representative individuals may view with aversion the actual encounter of two men in a life and death struggle, yet the board feels that violence per se has no inherent force for evil, and that if the struggle is fair and does not degenerate into excessive brutality and wanton cruelty, or show shocking detail, it should not condemn it. Nor has the board felt that it could insist that the struggle be robbed of elements of treachery and trickery nor dictate who shall win, nor what the weapons shall be, nor even who the principals shall be - though it will not tolerate the rough handling of women and children except where the life depicted is undoubtedly pioneer.

THE SENSELESS USE OF WEAPONS

Nothing in motion pictures appears more foolish than the constant picturing of weapons such as guns, revolvers, knives, clubs, etc. Unless the action depicted, in addition to being senseless, is also immoral or criminal, the board holds that the matter should not be handled through censorship, but rather through the gradual protest of public opinion. When, however, "frontier justice" brings about results contrary to those which would be secured through the regular agents of the law, the National Board finds that almost always it must eliminate the action. Under normal conditions, it will not pass pictures which show the successful balking of the law. Some latitude should be shown perhaps to pictures of the "wild and woolly" variety where next to impossible deeds are pictured. The conditions are such that the motion picture patron would find it impossible to duplicate them, and the whole action takes in an atmosphere of rough romance. In pictures portraying new and disorganized communities, it sometimes happens that the logical effect (that it is at times laudable to contravene the law) is lost, and the total effect of a picture - namely, that the forces of good triumph over the forces of evil - warrants the board in passing it.

TREATMENT OF OFFICERS OF THE LAW AND RESPECT FOR THE LAW

The National Board urges that respect be shown for the law in action and in thought. Pictures involv- ing the law and officers of the law require careful handling. There is a certain value in showing the mis- carriage of justice, but this needs to be handled with discretion, and the work should be approached in a spirit of greater seriousness than simply that of amusements or entertainment. At the present rapid rate at which films are produced, this is a difficult thing to accomplish, and the board warns producers against attempting it. If, however, a real moral lesson is taught by the play, the board feels that it should pass it.

ADVISABILITY OF PUNISHMENT FOLLOWING CRIME

One of the things which should be avoided is the throwing of an atmosphere of romantic adventure around a criminal, especially if the time and place pictured suggest to the impressionable young people who see the picture the possibility of reproducing the same or similar action.

It is well to show that evil doing brings its own reward, and it is usually desirable to have the catas- trophe follow necessarily, logically and in a convincing manner and not merely have the catastrophe acci- dental or providential. Of course, if the action is convincing, it is permissible to have retribution as an act of Divine Will or Providence, but it frequently happens that the production is so crude that the Avenging Providence loses all its significance. Truth and sincerity are sine qua non in such cases. As a general rule, it is preferable to have retribution come through the hands of the authorized officers of the law, rather than through revenge, or other unlawful or extra-legal means. The taking of the law into one's own hands is a vicious suggestion. Unwritten law and frontier justice can only be frowned on by the law-respecting and dramatically capable actor and producer, and the National Board is opposed to such presentation, except as stated in section 37.

THE BOARD'S ATTITUDE TOWARD CRIME

The National Board has no objection to some specific crimes, for it realizes that it should not attempt to eliminate the portrayal of all evil from motion pictures. Serious drama, as distinguished from comedy, farce, and burlesque almost always depicts a struggle between the forces of good on the one hand and the forces of evil on the other, and to eliminate either one of these elements would be very largely to elim- inate the drama itself. Usually the forces of evil are represented by a villain who commits crime and seeks

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his ends through violence. Accordingly the question for the National Board is not whether it will permit the committal of crime in pictures, but rather what are the motives and results of the crime, and the manner in which they are performed. The board objects to the display of crime being suggestive, instruct- ive and gruesome; and it insists upon a sane balancing of the picture as a whole so that the final effect of the picture will be good or, at worst, harmless. The portrayal of crime should not degenerate into pandering to a morbid appetite, but should seek ends which are legitimate for the drama. The extended exposition of crime which involves tricks, skill cr unusual ingenuity is not permitted.

THE MOTIVES AND THE RESULTS OF CRIME AS SHOWN IN MOTION PICTURES

Every film presents special problems, but there are certain truths concerning all, and in the case of films depicting crime two of the principal points to be borne in mind by the censor are the motives and the results of the crime or crimes depicted. An adequate motive for committing a crime is always necessary to warrant picturing it. The board will insist on punishment of the criminal when his crime might be considered by the young and impressionable spectator as an excusable act. In other cases, it is desirable that the criminal be punished in some way, but the board does not always insist upon this. Careful discrimination must be made between the merits of the motive and the suggestions lurking in it as an excuse for the crime, for, under no conditions, will the board pass a picture where apparent approval is given of any cause for crime. The results of the crime should be in the long run disastrous to the criminal, so that the impression carried is that crime will inevitably find one out, soon or late, and bring on a catastrophe which causes the temporary gain from the crime to sink into insignificance. The result should spring logically and convincingly from the crime, and the results should take a reasonable proportion of the film. The motives, incidents, and results are always considered in censoring these pictures.

CRIME OF VIOLENCE AGAINST PROPERTY AND PERSONS

Crimes of violence may be roughly divided into crimes against property and those against persons. Possibly theft, fraud, forgery, burglary and robbery may be considered under the first head by a slight stretching of the use of the term. In these cases, the point to be guarded against is that no suggestively instructive and ingenious method be exploited, such as ways in which safes can be opened, checks raised, signatures forged, etc. These matters can be adequately presented by suggestion or by such distant views that it is impossible to know just what is being done. This is often accomplished also by having the scene take place in the dark, or with the operation obstructed from the view of the audience by the person of one of the actors.

Especially dangerous is the presentation of any attempt at train wrecking, and this is one of the crimes which is always eliminated by the National Board. This includes tampering with railroad apparatus.

ARSON

Arson is a difficult crime to present in photoplays in such a manner that the suggestions be not a menace to the public; all details of this crime eliminated by the board as being suggestive and instructive. In general, the board will rule against films in which a clearly defined pyromaniac is shown at work. Excess- ive preparations and the actual application of the torch are not permitted in films depicting arson taking place in present-day modern surroundings. Exceptions are sometimes made in pictures dealing with disorgan- ized communities. The board has consistently ruled against arsons which are used to cover up crime, or in which human beings are burned. The National Board never permits picturing arson as a laudable deed under any circumstances, nor rarely as an act of vengeance. The tendency of the board is to eliininate it entirely, producers being constantly warned against its employment.

VIOLENCE

Crimes of violence against persons present practically the same problems, but in addition the question of gruesomeness enters and makes the work of censoring somewhat more difficult. Especially will the board condemn a picture in which the violence is that of a maniac; and indeed it will condemn any film in which a maniac is a leading character and his adventures furnish the essentials of the drama. The motion picture visualizes violence for us and presents problems which the newspaper does not have to encounter. Therefore the National Board feels warranted in suppressing detail that the press is at liberty to employ. For example, the printed word may describe an assault and murder to us with considerable thoroughness, without being unduly gruesome, whereas, if the same thing were done in the motion picture, it would excite horror and

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disgust, and unnerve the sensitive. The actual deeds of violence need to be treated with the greatest discre- tion in motion pictures, and the producer should remember that he is not writing a detailed exposition of a crime, but is telling a dramatic story which most often does not need such detail, but merely enough to make clear what has happened. Thus in torture scenes, it is sufficient to show the torture is going to be or has been inflicted, and it is unnecessary and objectionable to show just what the torture machine is doing, or the bodies of the victims writhing in agony.

SUICIDE

The crime of suicide is one that is so suggestive to certain people that it needs most careful treatment by the producer, who would do well to avoid it altogether. The deed is so irreparable that even the slightest thing which can be construed as a justification of it and an incentive to it must be avoided. The board may, how- ever, consistently pass dramatic suicides - that is, suicides which are virtually necessary to the logical devel- opment of the drama, and not a means of getting rid of a character. The producer, however, who employs suicide as being the easiest method for him to get rid of a character to preserve the continuity of his drama should seek other means and use greater ingenuity to solve his problem, as such suicides are con- demned. Even in case a character probably deserves some sort of self-punishment, the board feels that the crime of self-destruction is such a terrible one and so full of suggestions that the introduction of it into motion pictures could be justified only in extreme cases, as in a classic, a romance of another age, historic drama, or where, being unsuggestive, it is more or less of an accident to another theme. The whole tendency of the board is to eliminate suicides.

MURDER

The question of murder, including assassinations, executions, gang murders, and murders by individuals, presents few new problems to the censor and, such as these are, he can solve by recourse to general princi- ples already stated. Common sense dictates that picturing the assassination of any person who might be taken for some public character should be forbidden. Practically all execution scenes should be merely sug- gested and not given, because of their gruesomeness. In murder, the thing to be avoided is again suggest- iveness, instruction and gruesomeness. No one cares to see repeated stabbings or a body that has been mangled and such portrayals are always eliminated. Near and prolonged views of murders are objection- able, as are also pictures of labels of poisons used in murders or suicides. Indeed, the use of poisons, knock- out drops, chloroform, sleeping potions, etc., is constantly challenged by the board. Just enough of murder scenes to make the exposition clear is permitted; all else is liable to be either suggestive, instructive or gruesome and consequently to be eliminated or condemned. The producer who handles these subjects must needs employ caution, while keeping his story clear, to remain within the standards of the National Board of Censorship.

THE FUTURE OF CENSORSHIP

The board's standards are, of course, progressive and will change with the lapse of time; but they will develop along the lines above indicated, becoming more ideal as the motion picture art emerges in America from its present condition as a new art. Moreover, the increased experience of the producers, the develop- ment of motion picture artists, the classification of the theatres, the influence of more cultured audiences and the popular adoption of motion pictures into education, all of which are even now m process, will in time bring about conditions so different from the present that censorship may perhaps not be necessary.

THE NATIONAL BOARD CONTENDS THAT LEGAL CENSORSHIP IS OPPRESSIVE AND

UNNECESSARY

There are many subjects which cannot come within the scope of federal censorship as defined by law which are the everyday subjects for criticism by a non-official, co-operative group like the National Board of Censorship. Because of its friendly agreements with the manufacturers and in its representation of public opinion, it can easily handle many of these questions. They lie within the realm of taste. They are some- times vulgar. They may deal with questions of dress. The comedy element may be distinctly low. They may present controversial themes in delicate or indelicate ways. They may be harmful to certain elements of the communitj'. While acceptable in certain sections, they may provoke sectional prejudices. They may not come under the "ban," but deal with "low life." They may present questionable and prolonged love

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scenes. They may present the three-cornered problem of infidelity. All these and many other subjects come within the scope of a board working in the interests of the public without legal standing. It can be pre- dicted with confidence that a federal board would be unable to handle satisfactorily this class of film subject.

JUDGING FOR THE WHOLE PUBLIC

The conditions of exhibition of plays and motion pictures in the United States make impossible any segregation of pictures which are dangerous to certain groups, while they are entirely satisfactory for others. The same picture goes to the whole American audience of men and women, young and old. This means that any censorship provision does violence to many classes of people who are abundantly able to express their objections. They would regard such censorship as an unfriendly attack.

UNIVERSAL PUBLIC ENLIGHTENMENT

The American public is intolerant of judgments superimposed by any class. With our American system of education there has been developed throughout the country general moral as well as intellectual inde- pendence. The people are quick to detect those things which are objectionable. Their condemnation is expressed in many ways. They refuse to read certain classes of books. They have recourse to the law. They frown upon immoral plays so that they become commercially profitless. They put the "ban" of public opinion upon individuals who break over accepted standards or attempt to spread harmful doctrine. The laws and the courts reflect such public opinions. This public opinion is not static, but is ever-changing. Since these are the facts, there is well formulated opposition, both to the puritanical and the ultra-liberal posi- tions. It manifests itself in politics, social life, industry, morals and the church. The National Board claims that far more can be accomplished in co-operative ways than through legally appointed boards maintained under a paternalistic rather than a democratic ideal of government.

LEGAL CENSORSHIP TOO LATE

Legal censorship comes too late to obtain the greatest results from the manufacturers. They desire to market their product just as other legitimate producers have the right. Their outlay in money and time has been considerable. They have incurred expense not only in producing' the pictures, but in publicity and in the manufacture of from 20 to 100 separate films for the exchanges throughout the country. When pictures were condemned by such a federal board with legal powers, the manufacturers would develop a bit- terness and sense of opposition which would make them desire to fight the decisions, through the courts, to the limit. Without making any concessions or losing one iota of independence, a voluntary board is able to influence its decisions at a period when compromise is possible.

State laws and local city ordinances already exist which more effectively handle the situation than federal censorship could do. Motion picture exhibitors who present immoral or indecent scenes can be checked by the police or mayors with suppression of films or temporary or permanent suspension of show licenses. Such laws to punish any action, publications or utterances against public morals are adequate for the pro- tection of the public. For five years the National Board of Censorship has called upon local authorities, mayors, license bureaus and police officials to suppress films which are not deemed proper for circulation on the American market. The response to these appeals has demonstrated the ability of localities to handle moral situations without any recourse to federal enactment.

CENSORSHIP INTENSELY HUMAN

The National Board frankly acknowledges that it does not reach 100 per cent of the motion picture field. It is, however, continually criticising over 95 per cent, and is increasingly proving to the irresponsible and more recent manufacturers that its endorsement is necessary. The National Board is a human insti- tution, dealing with problems of controversy which have been in existence throughout the ages of organized society. It reflects a public opinion which constantly varies. As society formulates intelligent theories and principles of conduct, it must inevitably alter its decisions. The board freely grants differences of opinion to various classes and to various constituent parts of the nation. It also agrees that some of its decisions may wrongly interpret the will of society. It does not assume omniscience.

Since the National Board is working for the entire country, it appreciates the importance of co-operative local criticism. The following plan has, therefore, been suggested and has been adopted in many cities:

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A WORKING ARRANGEMENT

The National Board issues each Saturday an entire list of motion picture subjects reviewed during the week, with the action taken upon each. These bulletins are sent throughout the country. Local authorities and censor boards are encouraged to make use of these bulletins and to concentrate their attention upon pic- tures which have been criticised for eliminations or changes, which have been condemned in toto, and for those pictures which have not been submitted to the board, but which have been listed for release and sale. The board agrees to bring pressure to bear upon the producers of objectionable and immoral films when they are reported to it. It also calls to the attention of local authorities those pictures which may be regarded as demoralizing. It urges upon local authorities the wisdom of legal action when pictures are exhibited which violate the standards of a given community. Authority is vested in mayors, licensing authorities, the police and the courts to immediately suppress such pictures. This furnishes a plan of co-operation, a flexibility and a local responsibility which are not included in the plan of the federal censorship.

MISCELLANEOUS DATA

A Symposium of the Views of the Governors of Various States and Other Public Officials Relative to the Censorship of Motion Pictures

A perusal of these letters conveys a good idea of the general sentiment throughout the United States on censorship.

We have made no comment on any of these communications. They express the salient arguments for or against censorship. These communications were received in response to requests from the publishers of the American Motion Picture Cyclopedic Directory as to the laws, etc., relating to the censorship of motion pictures.

ARKANSAS - FORT SMITH

Gentlemen: -

I am sorry to say that our laws governing censorship are very meagre and we are casting about now for a proper ordinance.

We believe a great amount of good and we know tliat a great amount of evil comes from moving pic- tures. The hard thing for city officials is to know where to draw the line. However, we are determined to draw it, and even though we have inadequate laws and no proper censorship, still our instruction to the chief of police and night captain is to without hesitation stop the running of any film which they think is improper.

When we have settled upon an ordinance covering this matter, we will gladly supply you with a copy.

Very sincerely,

HENRY C. READ, Mayor.

CALIFORNIA - LOS ANGELES

Gentlemen: -

In reply to your letter, I am inclosing herewith a copy of the ordinance governing moving picture exhib- its in our city, which will give to you the information you require. This ordinance is the result of considerable study and several amendments to the original, which, after having been put in use, were found to be defective. We feel that this present ordinance does not cover, in all particulars, the requirements to properly control the moving picture exhibits; in fact, it is a difficult thing to determine in some cases as to what picture is a proper one for exhibition to the general public. If your directory is able to provide Los Angeles with any improvement over the ordinance herewith inclosed, we would be grateful to you for a copy or sugges- tions along those lines.

Respectfully yours,

F. J. WHIFFEN, Acting Mayor.

CONNECTICUT - HARTFORD

Gentlemen : -

Replying to your recent letter, I would say that under the existing charter and ordinances of Hartford the mayor is considered guardian of the public's morals. He has authority to prevent, by the revocation of the license, the production or exhibition of any entertainment that he considers might prove derogatory to the morals of the people.

I have considerable faith in the opinion of the National Board of Censorship of New York, and have never seen fit to censor any motion pictures once approved by that board.

I believe, however, that some local censorship should be established, so that an opinion can be given

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the mayor on pictures that have not been submitted to the National Board. This would give the mayor a "backing", if he saw fit to revoke a license, and would also prevent theatre managers from claiming they were being unfairly treated, etc.

Our Court of Common Council is now considering an ordinance on the subject. I enclose a copy. I am of the opinion that - with a few curtailments and amendments - the ordinance will be adopted sooner or later.

Yours very truly,

LOUIS R. CHENEY, Mayor.

CONNECTICUT - NEW HAVEN

Gentlemen: -

Replying to your inquiry into regulations governing moving picture exhibitions in the city of New Haven. I beg to enclose a copy of the principal sections of the ordinance in question.

The supervision in this city is by the chief of police or a police oi¥icer delegated by him. Only such films are allowed to be shown here as have been endorsed by the National Board of Censorship.

Very truly yours,

FRANK J. RICE, Mayor.

CONNECTICUT

Gentlemen: - -

His Excellency, Governor Baldwin, has directed me to reply to your communication. The only state laws referring to the general subject of the exhibition of moving pictures are contained in the Public Acts of 1909, Chapter 205; Public Acts of 1911, Chapters 186 and 245; Public Acts of 1913, Chap- ters 134 and 195. You undoubtedly can obtain the text of these laws by reference to the Bar Library, Chicago. Briefly, they all concern the application and granting of licenses, and the general supervision is placed under the control of the superintendent of the state police, Mr. Thomas F. Egan, Hartford. It would probably suit your purpose better if you want an expression as to the way the laws work, to communicate with Mr. Egan.

Yours very truly,

KENNETH WYNNE, Executive Secretary.

MICHIGAN

Hon. Woodbridge N. Ferris, Governor,

Lansing, Mich. Aly Dear Governor: -

With regard to the letter of the American Moving Picture Directory Company, I am giving you the following information:

The moving picture law of Michigan was passed at the last session of the legislature, and was given immediate effect, it being designed to protect the lives of the people of this state who patronize such places of amusement. The administration of the law was placed under the jurisdiction of the fire marshal's bureau, of this department, and I am pleased to inform you that the law has been rigidly enforced, and, in fact, we have devoted more time to the enforcement of this law than to any other one feature of this bureau's work. The law went into ef?ect in May, 1913, and up to date we have niade 909 inspections. Many of these are duplicates, as the law provides that we must make an inspection twice a year, and the bureau is per- mitted to charge $10 for each inspection. We have issued 554 orders requiring changes to be made either in the construction of the booth from which the pictures are thrown, or in the seating arrangements, or in the exits from the theatres, in order to safeguard life and limb. We have issued 622 licenses. We have ordered closed 62 theatres. At the outset we were met with some opposition, especially in the city of Detroit, where an injunction was secured against the department from enforcing its orders, on the ground that the local ordinances upon the subject did not give us jurisdiction. The Supreme Court dissolved this injunction, on the ground that the authority of the state fire marshal was concurrent with local ordinances, and where a local official did not enforce the law, the state fire marshal could enforce such law. Under this ruling, we have closed the second-floor theatres.

I know of no law that has been written into the statute books that is of more importance than this, because, personally, I believe if the law is absolutely complied with, even then there still exists some danger in this class of theatres where they are located within the interior of a city block. In view of the fact that these

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pictures are always shown in the dark, and in case of commotion or panic, there is no assurance that the lights would be switched on, and in view, also, of the fact that it is the natural tendency to leave a theater in the direction from which one entered it, which would take the patron through the danger, as such booths are always located over the entrance, I am of the opinion that too great caution cannot be exercised, and we have been extremely rigid in our enforcement. The law provides that in all theatres where moving pictures are shown by means of celluloid films, the booth must be of a certain construction; the aisles must be of a certain width, and the seats must be arranged in a certain manner. I am enclosing to you a copy of the law, which you can send to the American Moving Picture Directory Company.

I note from the letter that the question is asked as to what extent the law is enforced in practice, and I can assure you that there is no law in the state of Michigan that is being enforced more rigidly than this law. I am insisting that the letter of the law must be complied with, and I do not waive one iota upon a matter as important as this, when I am frequently confronted with statements of men who have had great experience in the matter of fire fighting to the ef¥ect that certain conditions that do not comply exactly with the law make the house just as safe as the law would make it.

In this connection I ought to say that the matter of censorship as to the character of the pictures to be shown is one that does not come under the jurisdiction of the department, and we make no attempt to inter- fere in that regard at all, as the law does not take cognizance of that feature in any way.

I am returning the letter addressed to you.

Trusting that this information will answer completely the letter of the American Moving Picture Direc- torj' Company, I am,

Very faithfully yours,

JOHN T. WINSHIP, Commissioner of Insurance, Ex-Officio State Fire Marshal.

DELAWARE

Gentlemen: -

In reply to your inquiry will say no laws have been passed by the State of Delaware concerning mov- ing picture shows.

Very truly yours,

CHAS. B. RENILERS, Governor State of Delaware.

HAWAII

Gentlemen: -

The moving picture business here is very small and the country being small, is very easily regulated.

Yours respectfully,

GEORGE R. CLARK, Governor of Hawaii.

IDAHO - BOISE CITY

Gentlemen: -

Replying to your letter will state that the city of Boise has no ordinance relating directly to moving picture shows, other than all theatres pay a license of $100.00 annually.

Very respectfullly yours,

NANCY E. ROBERTSON, City Clerk.

INDIANA - SOUTH BEND

Gentlemen: -

In reply to your letter will say that we have no specific law and ordinances affecting the exhibition of moving pictures.

I have just appointed a committee composed of men and women to thoroughly investigate our moving pic- ture shows to find out the nature of the pictures shown; the character of the audience, whether adults, youths or children, and to find out how the pictures affect the children especially. The committee has not as yet made a full investigation and study of the subject and will likely not report for at least a month. Should

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j'ou wish to have a copy of their report and an expression from me at that time, I will be glad to send it to you if you will let me know your wishes.

At the present time I am of the opinion that the pictures should be censored. We are arranging to appoint a police woman and one of her duties will be to watch picture shows.

Yours truly,

F. W. KELLER, Mayor.

KENTUCKY - LEXINGTON

Gentlemen: -

In answer to your letter regarding "laws and censorship" relating to moving pictures, will say that I think that there certainly should be a censorship exercised, which would be nation-wide in scope.

There is such a wide difference of opinion as to what shows should be allowed that a national censor- ship will probably remove all objections. We have not attempted municipal regulation, it being understood that all films shown are censored pictures. I have often been called upon to visit shows that persons ob- jected to seriously, but I could see no harm in the plays.

It seems to me that all pictures should be sent to the National Board of Censors and films not be allowed to be shown to the American public until passed upon by said board.

Yours very truly,

J. E. CASSIDY, Mayor.

KANSAS - TOPEKA

Gentlemen : -

In answer to your letter will say that we have no censors for moving picture films. There is no question but there should be an ordinance framed governing these films. This administration is in favor of such a law. In the main, our picture houses are very good, but now and then, one that should not be permitted goes on the screen. Commissioner R. L. Bone has this matter in charge at the present time, looking towards the framing of an ordinance. Any further communications concerning this matter, please address R. L. Bone, Commissioner of Finance, City Hall, Topeka, Kansas.

Very truly yours,

R. L. COFRAN, Mayor.

LOUISIANA - ALEXANDRIA

Gentlemen: -

Replying to your recent letter, beg to advise that the only ordinance we have relative to moving picture shows, is the one prohibiting the showing of lewd or indecent subjects, and also limiting standing room for capacity of all theatres.

Yours very truly,

SOL WEIL, Secretary-Treasurer.

MARYLAND - BALTIMORE

Gentlemen: -

In answer to your letter I beg to state that I am not at all clear that any censorship, whether Federal, State or Municipal, is necessary for the proper regulation of moving pictures.

The moving picture parlor is dependent for its success upon the general patronage of all classes - boys and girls, the old and the young, the rich and the poor - and I think we may safely assume that the tastes of the majority of these people lean well towards clean pictures. It seems to me that this is the best pro- tection or safeguard against indecent pictures, for the financial instinct of the proprietor of the moving picture parlor will cause him to hesitate before showing any film that might be offensive to his patrons and result in consequent injury to his trade.

Personally, I have never seen a distinctly improper motion picture in my life, and if there was one occa- sionally shown, I do not think it would justify the creation of expensive organizations with large salary lists and other sources of outlay, and many times interfering with individual rights, for trivial or insufficient reasons.

Very truly yours,

JAMES H. PRESTON, Mayor.

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MISSOURI - ST. LOUIS

Gentlemen: - -

I have the honor to reply to j'our letter in which you ask for :-ny views on the regulation of moving- pictures in the large cities of the United States.

There is no question that directly affects the interests of the people more than this one. On the proper regulation depends the future of so many men and women, that the question necessitates the closest consider- ation, and the most stringent regulation.

I am not a prude, but the possibilities for good or evil in the moving pictures is so powerful that it requires a corresponding regulation on the part of the governing bodies. I am frank to say that the moving picture industry, which has become a tremendous one in the past few years, is as selfish in the general run as owners of buildings who fail to properly equip their property with the necessary protection to life.

Just as the moving picture industry, anxious for the American dollar, lays its plans to corral the dollar without any proper regard for what the pictures they present teach to the boys and girls - to future American citizens - they can teach them good or they can teach them bad things. The municipality should have direct control over whether or not they should teach good or bad. Unfortunately, St. Louis has no laws that prop- erly govern this question. It would be ideal if all of the cities had the same regulation. I am in favor of that. But, I am not in favor of any one city waiting until the other cities are ready to adopt a uniform system. That policy merely means that each one of the municipalities would be playing into the hands of those unconscionable picture show men who are seeking the dollars without any regard to the production they present. Wholesome, clean pictures can be just as entertaining, just as amusing, and just as instructive as scenes of events which tend to instruct youth in crime.

Under proper conditions moving pictures are an educational blessing, but under adverse conditions, such as are well known by practically every person who has given the question any thought, there is great possi- bility of steeping the mind of youth, both boys and girls, with things they should not know, and, knowing, merely induce them to go out and do likewise.

It is the duty of every municipality, not only to regulate the moving pictures themselves, but to see that the character of the place where the pictures are presented is such that the boys and girls can attend. There is just as much danger from this phase of moving picture shows as there is from improper views.

If this policy was carried out there would be just as much honest money in it for the men financing the moving picture industry, and it would be a great thing toward the moral betterment of the inhabitants, and it will tend to vastly improve each one of the municipalities regulating the business in this way.

I am strongly in hope that St. Louis in the near future will regulate the industry along the lines I have indicated in this letter.

Very truly yours,

HENRY W. KIEL, Mayor.

MONTANA - HELENA

Gentlemen : -

The city of Helena has no ordinances with reference to moving picture shows.

Yours truly,

D. M. McCONNELL, City Clerk.

MICHIGAN - DETROIT

Gentlemen : -

Replying to your recent letter addressed to his honor. Mayor Marx, and referred to this department, relative to regulation of motion pictures in this city, I enclose, herewith, copy of our ordinance, also blank copy of permit which is issued to the film exchanges for each film after it has been approved by our censor, who is a patrolman in civilian attire detailed for censoring of films and theatres in general.

The department censor visits the exchanges and views films which he thinks may be objectionable.

This plan has been in operation some time but the results are not entirely satisfactory.

The commissioner of police, Hon. John Gillespie, has requested the Board of Estimates for an additional appropriation to equip a Bureau of Film Inspection.

There should be Federal censorship of films. It seems to me it could be arranged by agreement between the film producers and the Federal government to have the censoring done before the films are manufactured in a manner consistent with constitutional rights. Censorship in different cities cannot effectually remedy the trouble. A film prohibited in Detroit can still be used where censorship is less strict. There must be a final

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censorship and it would seem that the Federal government could take jurisdiction, and certainly where so many millions of children are daily attending photo play theatres it is worthy the attention of the Federal government.

Yours very truly,

G. A. WALTERS, Secretary to Police Commissioner.

MICHIGAN - DETROIT

Gentlemen: -

We have forwarded your letter to the secretary of the police department, who has supervision over moving picture theatres.

Respectfully,

EDWARD T. FITZGERALD, Secretary.

MISSISSIPPI - MERIDIAN

Gentlemen: - -

Replying to your letter, I beg to advise that the city of Meridian appears to have no law governing or regulating picture theatres.

The only law that we have in the city, is in reference to the construction of the buildings, the fire risks, exits, etc.

Yours very truly,

T. A. McCASKILL, City Clerk and Treasurer.

MISSOURI - KANSAS CITY

Gentlemen: -

Your communication, addressed to our mayor, Henry L. Jost, has been referred to me for reply.

I am enclosing a copy of an ordinance that was passed by our city council and signed by Mayor Jost, but has not been put into effect up to the present time. The reason this ordinance has not been made effective by our mayor is because this department had been co-operating with the National Board of Censorship, of New York City, for a period of about two years and was getting effective co-operation from the local film exchanges. The mayor instructed the department to follow up the same program. This we are doing at this time. We have a law which is quite old which prohibits the exhibition of any immoral, obscene or inde- cent picture.

We have been able, through the hearty co-operation of our chief of police, to secure every cut that we have asked for, and to suppress every picture that was exhibited in violation of the old ordinance. Since the 27th day of October, 1913, we have cut out approximately 2,000 feet of objectionable film, and condemned, in toto, 24 reels of film. A great deal of credit is due the managers of our five film exchanges for their attitude.

If you will pardon my giving you a personal opinion, I would like to say that my experience makes me believe that sooner or later a plan of either State or Federal censorship of negatives will be necessary. It seems practically impossible for the National Board of Censorship to secure the cuts that they recommend because a large number of copies are made up and shipped to various exchanges without the eliminations being made as ordered.

Yours truly,

FRED F. McCLURE, Superintendent Recreation Department. MINNESOTA - MINNEAPOLIS

Gentlemen: -

I am pleased to comply with your request for a statement regarding the manner in which moving pic- ture theatres are handled by the administration in this city.

In the matter of providing places for the exhibition of moving pictures which are safe and sanitary, ordinances have been passed by the city council which provide that the rooms used for such purposes shall meet the approval of the building inspector and fire marshal, both with respect to construction and means of exit. Under these ordinances, the buildings are frequently visited by the fire marshal, or by firemen under his direction, and at each performance there must be thrown upon the screen a certificate from said officer, announcing that the building has his approval.

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In addition to these precautions, policemen are instructed on their rounds to see that the ordinances are complied with and especially that the places of amusement are not unduly crowded.

No ordinances or laws exist providing for the censorship of the pictures displayed. I have assumed, however, that it is a proper subject for police regulation and at the commencement of my term of office, detailed an officer to such work. He visits the picture houses and rejects films which he does not feel are proper and his work has been so satisfactory that we receive no complaints of bad exhibitions and the theatre managers themselves frequently bring to his attentioti films which they have received and regard as ques- tionable.

As a general rule, he admits all films which have the approval of the National Board of Censorship. Per- sonally, I believe thoroughly in the censorship of moving picture films, but I also believe that this censorship should be so conducted as not to add greatly to the burden of expense of operating the shows, as would be the case were we to have national and also state and local boards of censorship.

Yours sincerely,

W. G. NYE, Mayor.

MINNESOTA - ST. PAUL

Gentlemen: -

I beg leave to state that the city of St. Paul or the state have no specific laws or ordinances on moving picture exhibitions. General laws make it a crime to give lewd, lascivious or obscene exhibitions, which are broad enough to cover anything coming within the definitions of those terms.

The city, however, has three women inspectors whose duty it is to inspect dance halls, moving picture theatres, theatres generally, restaurants and the like. These women have been successful, through the co- operation of the managers of the various "movies," in excluding objectionable films. Whenever a film is given which, in the opinion of these inspectors, is deemed suggestive or objectionable for any reason, the managers always willingly take it ofi.

We have had only slight difficulties in this regard, and as long as the managers maintain their present attitude, the situation is handled satisfactorily. Of course in the event of any managers not being amen- *- able to reasonable regulation, then there should be adopted by the council effective ordinances to meet such situations.

Yours truly,

H. P. KELLER, Mayor.

MISSISSIPPI - JACKSON

Gentlemen: -

We have one very lengthy ordinance covering this subject and it covers all points. It has been approved by the National Board of Underwriters and the Mississippi Advisory Rating Bureau and we have found it very ef¥ective in our city.

We have recently passed a resolution appointing motion picture censors.

Yours truly,

NELLE TURNER, Assistant City Clerk.

MISSISSIPPI - VICKSBURG

Gentlemen: - -

Replying to your letter I beg to state that we have no ordinances covering moving pictures, the three that we have here seem to be well managed and this office never has any complaint of any character.

Yours very truly,

A. M. PAXTON, City Clerk.

NEBRASKA - LINCOLN

Gentlemen: - -

Replying to yours of March 25th, I beg to say that in this city there are no laws or ordinances directly affecting moving picture exhibitions.

The commissioner of public safety, at the request of a number of citizens is now gathering data as to what other cities are doing in the way of censorship. So far as I have been able to observe in this city the pictures have been very good and the houses are run by a class of men who take a great deal of pleasure in the conduct of their houses, and there has been very little complaint.

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

25

Personally I believe that all pictures that hold up to ridicule officers of the law, or the enforcing of the law should be censored, and I believe pictures of murders, shooting, robberies, safe blowing, and all that sort of thing that would tend to corrupt the minds of children, should be entirely eliminated. Moving picture houses are the playgrounds of the poor and medium class of people; that is, it affords an evening's amusement at a price that any one can afford and there should be nothing shown in these houses that would tend to corrupt the minds or the morals of young people. There are enough subjects that can be used of a healthy character that it is not necessary to resort to murders and holdups for entertainment. I believe that the censorship should begin with the author and not after the picture is taken. In other words, the remedy should be at the source not at the outlet, for after the picture is printed the expense has been so great in taking it that it is pretty hard to keep the houses from putting it on the market.

Yours very truly,

FRANK C. ZEHRUNG, Mayor.

NEBRASKA - SOUTH OMAHA

Gentlemen: -

Your communication is at hand. Our city ordinance with reference to moving picture shows is rather indefinite outside of fixing the annual license, leaving to the fire and police commissioners the right to further regulate. The fire and police commissioners have adopted resolutions which exclude the exhibiting of pic- tures on the dime novel order which contain a lot of "blood and thunder" matter which often makes a hero of the villain and tends to have a demoralizing effect on youths and children.

It is my opinion that the invention of the moving picture is one of the greatest educational inventions of the age. It is now being used in many cities as the most effective system of advertising, both by manu- facturers, merchants and real estate men, and from an amusement standpoint, uplifting and educating, if the pictures shown are of that character.

The fire and police commissioners of this city have appointed a lady a member of the police department, whose principal duty is that of censor of moving pictures and to advise with girls and boys who attend these places of amusement, to see that their conduct is proper and that they retire to their homes at a sea- sonable hour. Yours truly,

THOMAS HOCTOR, Mayor.

NEW YORK - SYRACUSE

Gentlemen: -

At this time we have no well defined system of censorship as to determining the character of photo- plays. This is a subject that has given us considerable trouble, as we have been unable to determine any practical means of a proper censorship. We have a considerable number of moving picture places, many of which are of high standard and do not require any particular control. We have others that we look after as best we can. We will be interested in any method that will give us closer control - that is, one that is practical and that would operate easily.

We would be pleased to hear from you further and pleased at any time to answer any questions you desire. Very truly yours,

W. P. HITCHCOCK, Commissioner of Public Safety.

NEW HAMPSHIRE - CONCORD

Gentlemen: -

Answering your letter relative to ordinances in force in this city controlling moving pictures, desire to say there are no city ordinances in effect in this city relative to moving pictures, and state laws govern. For a copy of the state laws, apply to Hon. E. N. Pearson, Secretary of State, Concord, N. H.

Yours respectfully,

HENRY E. CHAMBERLIN, City Clerk.

NORTH CAROLINA - RALEIGH

Gentlemen: -

In regard to your inquiry as to the attitude of the city of Raleigh toward moving picture shows, beg to advise that the city exercises supervision over the character of the pictures shown here, and when any pic-

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tures are condemned by the National Board of Censorship or in the judgment of the city are unfit to be put on, a request is made of the moving picture managers and they always are willing to eliminate any pictures that are requested.

We have had very little trouble here in this respect.

V ery truly yours,

JAS. I. JOHNSON, Mayor.

NEVADA - CARSON CITY

Gentlemen: -

In our little city there is at present no regular ordinance governing moving picture theatres, although there is at this time a disposition on the part 'of the board of trustees to enact an ordinance governing these shows.

Yours very truly,

E. C. PATTERSON, City Clerk.

NEVADA - RENO

Gentlemen : -

I do not possess any copies of our moving picture ordinance, but will state that the same is very short, simply stating that the operating rooms must be completely enclosed and constructed of fireproof material, and that the inspection of all theatres and rooms connected thereto shall be under the supervision of the fire chief, etc. Respectfully,

J. R. PARRY, City Clerk.

NEVADA - RENO

Gentlemen : -

The mayor of this city, owing to stress of business, has been unable to answer your recent letter, and has referred the same to me.

I am, of course, by virtue of my office, familiar with all of the ordinances of this city regarding the subject of your letter, and I desire to state that we have no laws, ordinances or censorships on the subject of moving picture exhibitions. The only legislation we have in this city regarding moving picture shows is that requiring fireproof houses for the picture machine, and general regulations pertaining to exits and clearing of aisles.

While we have not, up to the present time, had occasion to suppress any pictures for exhibit in this city, it is the policy of this administration, however, that in the event any picture is sought to be exhibited which, by the mayor or his advisory committee, may be considered detrimental to public morals, I am authorized to say that steps would be taken which would prevent the production of the same by holding the licensee of such house or theatre responsible, and in the event of his refusal to abide by the mayor's direction in respect to any immoral show, his license would be withheld when the same was sought to be renewed.

Speaking for myself personally, as well as for the mayor, I desire to add that it is my opinion and con- viction that motion pictures embracing wholesome educational and humorous subjects are a source of great entertainment and benefit to the whole public, but when the picture borders upon the risque or even blood and thunder variety, it degenerates into a source of evil and becomes a menace to the public and should not be tolerated. If proceeded under the latter circumstances, it is only a question of time when the motion picture business will be a thing of the past. Very truly yours,

E. F. LUNSFORD, City Attorney.

NEW YORK - ALBANY

Gentlemen: -

Replying to your letter, I beg to advise you as follows:

While we have no board of censorship, any picture plays which, by their title, would tend to suggest immorality or suggestiveness, are first witnessed by a committee, usually composed of the chief of police, city officials and others interested, and if deemed to be unfit for exhibition, the manager of the theatre is notified that they must not be produced, under penalty of the revocation of his license.

Very truly yours,

JOSEPH W. STEVENS, Mayor.

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

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NEV^^ YORK CITY

Your communication, addressed to the Hon. John Purroy Mitchel, Mayor, has been referred to me. In reply, I am enclosing herewith copy of the motion picture ordinance governing the conduct of such places of amusement in this city, and trust that the information desired will be found contained therein. No official censorship over motion picture films is exercised by the New York City authorities, but there is in existence a volunteer board, known as the National Board of Censorship, to which is submitted by the various film manufacturers their output for review and approval or disapproval.

Respectfully,

JULIUS ROSENTHAL, Chief of Bureau.

OHIO - COLUMBUS

Gentlemen; -

Answering your recent favor, permit me to advise that Columbus has no ordinance to govern moving pictures, except as to fire prevention and in the matter of sanitary regulations. State law provided for a board of censors, but the enforcement is in abeyance, due to litigation.

As mayor of Columbus, it has been my policy to be liberal in attitude toward these popular places of amusement. Official suggestion has always proved sufficient to create support in favor of any change that might prevent criticism and eliminate objection. And in this we have always had the immediate assistance and enthusiastic support of the operators.

In the two years of our administration, we have had no complaints from individual or organization as to the kind of pictures exhibited, and only one or two criticisms filed as to the methods of operation, these being that on busy days the reels were run through too rapidly and the closing portions of the pictures were "cut." Our suggestion to the local association that it might be good business policy to correct this condition was received with pleasure, and so far as possible, corrected.

Respectfully,

GEORGE J. KARB. Mayor.

OHIO - DAYTON

Gentlemen : -

The citizenship of Dayton approves of the moving picture theatres by a large majority. During my term of office they were opened on Sundays, and the patronage was excellent. Under the new commission form of government in our city, nev/ ordinances have been made governing the rate of license, etc. I do not believe that there will be any interference so far as running every day of the week. And why should there be, as a common expression as to the picture theatres is this, viz.: "They are the greatest educational institu- tions of today."

Sincerely yours,

EDWARD REIGGS, Ex-Mayor.

OHIO - TOLEDO

Gentlemen: -

I am directed by the mayor to inform you the city of Toledo depends entirely upon the state statutes in reference to the censorship of moving picture films. We find that this state-wide censorship is very satisfac- tory to the citizens of our city. The mayor can see no reason why the censorship should not become national.

Yours very truly,

W. R. WALTERS, Secretary to the Mayor.

OREGON - PORTLAND

Gentlemen : -

Replying to your recent inquiry relative to motion picture legislation and my opinion on that subject, I beg to state that I firmly believe Portland has as satisfactory a method of handling this problem as any city of its size in the country.

We have very little legislation here, but what we have is quite effective. One short ordinance is the chief weapon of defense against objectionable pictures in so far as the law is concerned. This prohibits the exhibition of immoral, obscene or indecent photographs and empowers the police to seize a reel when the picture has been condemned. The only court of appeal is the municipal judge.

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We have a very capable board of censors, composed of women from various clubs, who have for three years and more given their services gratis as a public duty, and I have found them to be sound in judgment and fair in principle.

Speaking for the time in which I have occupied the executive office, dating from July 1, 1913, co-opera- tion with the film exchanges and the exhibitors has been the watchword, and, I verily believe, is better in the vast majority of cases than ever so much law. I realize that a city must have a check on the manager who will not otherwise heed a protest, and to him I believe in applying the ordinance; but the average exhib- itor and exchange man, I have found, is only too glad to assist the municipality in bringing about a higher standard of pictures and better conditions in the business.

We have had but little trouble with condemned pictures, only once having been reversed by the court in an important case. There have been a number of appeals, but the judge has upheld the board almost invariably.

I sincerely believe that co-operation between all parties concerned is the best policy and will yield the most good.

If you will permit me, I wish to make a brief statement concerning the type of pictures which, it seems to me, the public should have. Not mentioning them by their title, I have in mind a number of films of the highest order which have played here in recent months to capacity houses; I have in mind others which have been sent here to certain exchanges and which have been condemned.

Personally, I refuse to accept the assertion of some people that it is only the suggestive, near-immoral or downright indecent picture that "pulls" a big house; to the contrary, I shall continue to believe that the large majority of our people will patronize the highest grade of photoplays and that the manager who provides these is going to build up for himself a reputation that will, reverting to the dollars and cents of the business, be worth large sums of money to him.

In a large city, it is true that a theatre may easily be filled with those who are eager to view an immoral film; but given high grade pictures on the same screen in the same house and you will find it filled just the same, only with a better class of patrons.

I know of no more interesting or important subject than this, viewed from the standpoint of public morals and influence upon the public mind; I believe in the motion picture and think its sphere for good is limited only to the output of the manufacturer. I hope the day is fast approaching when every studio will be turning out only such films as will elevate and properly educate.

Yours very truly,

H. R. ALBEE, Mayor.

OREGON

Gentlemen; -

This is to acknowledge yours regarding laws regulating moving picture shows, and to say that we have no state laws governing this matter.

Very truly yours,

OSWALD WEST, Governor, Salem, Ore.

PENNSYLVANIA

Gentlemen: -

Your letter addressed to His Excellency the Governor, John K. Tener, has been handed to me for reply.

An act regulating the censorship of motion pictures was passed in 1911 and appropriation therefor passed in the session of 1913, under which the governor has made the appointments. The act will be effective as of June 1, 1914.

A copy of the law, the rules and regulations adopted, as well as the standards, will be issued in pamphlet form and mailed to you as soon as ready.

The letter addressed by you to His Honor, Rudolph Blankenburg, Mayor of Philadelphia, has been handed to me for reply also.

Yours very truly, J. LOUIS BREITINGER,

Chief Censor, Pennsylvania State Board of Censors.

PENNSYLVANIA - PITTSBURGH

Gentlemen: -

Your letter to the Hon. Joseph G. Armstrong, Mayor of the city of Pittsburgh, has been referred to me. The city of Pittsburgh has no ordinances governing the moving picture business, other than laws affecting the character of the building in which moving pictures are exhibited and the licensing of the

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house and operator of the machine. While not by ordinance, the department of public safety has charge and places its own restrictions on the motion picture business. We do not allow the exhibition of any picture that is not passed upon by the National Board of Censorship of New York City, and any picture that has not been before the said board we have a private exhibition of and determine as to the propriety of allowing the same to be publicly exhibited. We prohibit the exhibiting of any picture the basis of which is murder and which depicts premeditated crime or which has to do with white slavery or immorality. In general, no picture that will exert a detrimental influence on the well-being and good morals of the people of the city of Pittsburgh will be permitted.

We insist that the motion picture houses, when in operation, must be as well lighted as possible, while not insisting upon this to such an extent as to interfere with the exhibition of the picture. We also insist vigorously on the house being made absolutely sanitary, and given a thorough cleaning every night. We also require the management of motion picture houses to inform their patrons, by the use of slides thrown on the screen, the location of emergency exits, and to indicate the same by a red light over the door of all such exits. Also slides thrown on the screen cautioning their patrons as to their conduct while in the house. We have found that our policewomen have been of very great assistance to this department in eliminating flirts and undesirable attentions of men toward young women, and in this respect I have requested the moving picture houses to have thrown on the curtain a slide notifying the patrons that when annoyed by unwelcome attentions, to hold up the hand, and that is a signal to the attendant, who immediately removes or turns over to an officer the offending person.

In addition to this, we require the management of motion picture houses to exert very great care in the seating of their patrons, and so far as possible to seat unaccompanied women and young men in separate parts of the theatre, and not to allow the continuous changing of their seats from one part of the house to another.

We believe that every effort should be put forth to have the film companies and the owners of moving picture houses to act in harmony with the authorities in elevating the moving picture business. We feel that without ordinances governing the motion picture houses, we have taken a very advanced step in regulat- ing them, and do not think that we could have brought about the condition that exists in the city of Pittsburgh today had it not been that we had the hearty co-operation of both the film companies and the proprietors of the motion picture houses.

We believe that it is the poor man's theatre, and that we should do everything in our power to make it as clean, wholesome, elevating and instructive as possible.

Yours very truly,

ARCHIBALD MACKRELL, Civilian Aide.

SOUTH CAROLINA - COLUMBIA

Gentlemen: -

Replying to your recent letter, I am herewith enclosing you transcript of city ordinances bearing upon the subject mentioned.

We have no trouble in regulating these afTairs through our police department in this way. We have laws in regard to fire exits and entrances which cover the matter of safety, both as to crowding of the audience in the aisles and as to facility of getting out in case of fire.

Very truly yours,

W. H. GIBBES, Mayor.

TENNESSEE - CHATTANOOGA

Gentlemen : -

I beg to acknowledge receipt of your favor, and in reply to say that I recommended to the board of commissioners - at the suggestion of the Pastors' Association of this city - that we should have a censorship of picture shows, the actual censorship to be done through the Carnegie Library Board.

This action entails some expense, and the other four commissioners opposed the expense, not believing it necessary, and the matter was, therefore, for the time being, killed.

My own idea in regard to the moving picture show is that it should be regulated with a view to the pre- vention of exhibition of pictures that will be demoralizing either to adults or children. The moving picture shows have been and can be made most advantageous from an educational point of view, and I believe should be encouraged as long as the business is kept on right lines. I believe that a censorship of pictures can be done with benefit to any community and yet without working hardship upon those whose capital is tied up in this business. Yours very truly,

T. C. THOMPSON, Mayor.

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WEST VIRGINIA - CHARLESTON

Gentlemen : -

Replying to your recent letter, beg to advise that the city of Charleston does not have any specific laws and ordinances affecting the exhibition of moving pictures. We believe that we have ordinances which are of sufficient breadth of interpretation to enable us to govern the exhibiting of pictures, if we consider it necessary to restrict such exhibitions. We are receiving reports from the National Board of Censorship, and while they censor pictures with a view of eliminating such features as would be objectionable and per- mitting such pictures as in their judgment should go before a mixed audience of adults, youths and children, the writer realizes that there are many pictures passing their review which should perhaps not be shown where children are permitted to see them. As the pictures generally are on exhibition but one day, it would be very difficult for the city authorities to keep in touch with the different lists of pictures to be shown, with a view of censoring the same. However, we would feel justified in refusing to permit pictures to be shown if from information at hand they would seem to be objectionable. We should be glad to join with others in a practical way of securing for the public exhibitions of pictures which would seem to be of a more elevating character.

With our best wishes for your success, beg to remain, Respectfully,

J. F. BEDELL, Mayor.

WYOMING

Gentlemen : -

I will state that as yet we have no legislation upon our statute books defining what may be exhibited or not exhibited at moving picture shows. If anything obscene or of wrong character should be exhibited, I sup- pose that the ordinary police regulations of the state would justify interference.

Very truly yours,

JOSEPH M. CAREY, Governor.

WYOMING - CHEYENNE

Gentlemen: -

The city of Cheyenne has enacted no ordinances relating to the exhibition of motion pictures. In cities of this size we must of necessity depend upon the boards of censorship for the character of pictures exhibited. As we have had no official experiences along this line, I can only give you my personal opinion. Owing to the vast difference in regulating municipal affairs, owing to the different moral standards set in all parts of our country, and further considering that motion pictures are an industry of many states, it is my opinion this matter can only be controlled and regulated by national legislation; otherwise, films shown in one state or city would not be exhibited in the next, and it would cause endless trouble in attempting to establish any film circuits, and the results of local censorship would cause endless confusion.

Yours truly.

R. N. LA FONTAINE, Mayor.

Censorship Ordinances as Passed in Various Cities

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Ordinance No. 24,187 (New Series), as Amended by Ordinance No. 26,881 (New Series)

An ordinance regulating nickelodeons, arcades and exhibitions or entertainments at which moving or motion pictures are displayed or exhibited, and fixing the penalty for violation thereof. The mayor and council of the city of Los Angeles do ordain as follows:

Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to exhibit or display or cause or permit to be exhibited or displayed, any picture, illustration or delineation of any human figure in such detail as to offend public morality or decency; or of any lewd or lascivious act, or of any other matter or thing of an obscene, indecent or immoral nature, or offensive to the moral sense; or any murder, suicide, rob- bery, hold-up, stabbing, clubbing or beating of any human being, wherein such acts are shown in gruesome detail or in a revolting manner, or in any manner objectionable to the moral sense; or to permit or allow any

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person' to sing any obscene song or to converse or discourse in obscene language or to permit or allow any phonograph or other similar device to be used for the reproduction of any obscene song, conversation or discourse.

Section 2. For the purpose of enforcing the provisions of this ordinance, a board of censors consisting of seven members shall be appointed, as follows:

The members of such committee shall be appointed by the mayor of the city of Los Angeles, subject to confirmation by a majority of the council of said city. Each member shall serve for a period of four years. It shall be the duty of such board of censors to discover and prevent violations of this ordinance, and for that purpose such board shall inspect and examine every nickelodeon, arcade, place, exhibition or entertain- ment where pictures, illustrations or delineations are publicly exhibited or displayed and to inspect and examine moving or motion picture films used or intended to be used for any public exhibition or entertain- ment. It shall also be the duty of such board of censors to report any and all violations of any provision of this ordinance to the prosecuting attorney of the city of Los Angeles. The board of censors shall appoint a secretary, who shall be a member of said board and who shall receive a monthly salary of seventy-five ($75) dollars.

Section 3. The members of said board of censors shall have, upon demand, the right of free access to any place or room or building at which is held or given any public exhibition or entertainment at which moving or motion pictures are exhibited or displayed, conducted or carried on, or place where pictures, illustrations or delineations are exhibited, displayed or offered for sale.

Section 4. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation having in his or its possession, or under his or its charge or control, any mutascope or other mechanical device for exhibiting pictures or pro- ducing sound, or any picture, moving or motion picture film or phonographic record, used or intended to be used for exhibition or entertainment purposes in any public place to fail, neglect or refuse to exhibit, display or operate, upon demand of such board, any such mutascope or other mechanical device for exhibiting pictures or producing sound, or any picture, moving or motion picture film or phonographic record.

Section 5. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation conducting or maintaining any nickelodeon, arcade or entertainment or exhibition at which moving or motion pictures are displayed or exhibited to fail, neglect or refuse to install and maintain in any such place light sufficient in quantity so that the features of any person in such place may be distinguished at a distance of not more than ten feet from such person during the hours when such nickelodeon, arcade or entertainment or exhibition is open to the public.

Section 6. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to exhibit or display, or cause or permit to be exhibited or displayed at any moving or motion picture exhibition, or at any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited or displayed any picture, illustration or delineation until three days after a list of such pictures, illustrations or delineations is furnished to said board. All such pictures, illustra- tions or delineations intended or desired to be so publicly exhibited at such place and the films therefor shall be exhibited to said board of censors upon the demand of said board at any room or place designated by said board in the city of Los Angeles, at any time between the hours of 8 o'clock a. m. and 11 o'clock p. m. of any day or days, for the purpose of submitting said picture, illustration, delineation or film for the approval of said board of censors.

Section 7. Any person, firm or corporation violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be -deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punishable by a fine of not less than ten ($10) dollars nor more than five hundred ($500) dollars, or by imprisonment in the city jail for a period of not less than five (S) days nor more than six (6) months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

Section 8. That Ordinance No. 23161 (New Series), entitled, "An ordinance regulating nickelodeons, penny arcades and exhibitions or entertainments at which moving or motion pictures are displayed or exhib- ited, and fixing the penalty for violation thereof," approved August 2, 1911, and all ordinances amendatory thereto or thereof and all other ordinances in conflict with this ordinance be and the same are hereby repealed.

Section 9. The city clerk shall certify to the passage of this ordinance by a unanimous vote and cause the same to be published once in the Los Angeles Daily Journal.

I hereby certify that the foregoing ordinance was passed by the council of the city of Los Angeles by the unanimous vote of all the members of said council present, there being not less than seven members pres- ent, at its meeting of January 23, 1912.

Approved this 24th day of January, 1912. LORIN A. HANDLEY, City Clerk.

GEO. ALEXANDER, Mayor.

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA Passed October 14, 1906

Section 405. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to use vulgar language or conversation upon any stage or platform or other public place, at any exhibition or performance within the limits of the city of Columbia, or to introduce any suggestive features or indecency, such as coarse jokes, indecent exposure, or the exhibition of anything that tends to shock the morals of a decent community.

Section 406. Any person or persons violating any part of this ordinance shall, upon conviction, be fined a sum of not less than twenty dollars, nor more than forty dollars, or imprisoned thirty days, at the dis- cretion of the recorder.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

The following copy of an order of the Honorable Commissioners, District of Columbia, dated December 27, 1913, amending the police regulations, is promulgated for the information of the force: "Ordered:

"That Section 15a of Article XVI of the Police Regulations of the District of Columbia is hereby amended to read as follows:

"Section 15a. No proprietor, licensee, or tenant of, or exhibitor in, any theatre or public place of amuse- ment in the District of Columbia, shall exhibit, or operate, or allow to be exhibited or operated, any picture, scene, or play which shall show, exhibit, or represent a prize fight or pugilistic encounter between any per- sons or between any person and an animal, and any violation of this section shall be punished by a fine of not less than five dollars nor more than forty-five for the first offense, and upon a second conviction thereof any license issued to any such person for the conduct of any such theatre or other public place of amusement shall be revoked."

Officially published December 30, 1913.

DETROIT, MICHIGAN Extracts from an Ordinance Providing for the Censorship of Moving Picture Films

Section 20. * * * Every person or company operating under this ordinance and in whose place of amusement or exhibition shall be displayed moving pictures, films or plates of any character, kind or de- scription, shall present the pictures, films or plates so sought to be displayed to the commissioner or superintendent of police for his inspection. Said commissioner or superintendent of police is hereby author- ized, and it is hereby made his duty, to inspect or cause to be inspected, said pictures, plates or films, and if in his judgment they are indecent or immoral, he shall reject the same and notify the person or company operating the place of amusement or exhibition from whom said plates or films were received, that the same cannot be used; and the person or company using them after they have been rejected by the commis- sioner or superintendent of police shall be punished as hereinafter provided.

Section 21. The mayor may refuse to issue license to the parties and for the purpose of aforesaid and may revoke any license already issued for good and satisfactory reasons, which shall be reported to the common council, in writing, by the mayor, at its first session following such refusal or revocation; that any party aggrieved by the action of the mayor in refusing or revoking a license may appeal to the common coun- cil and upon due consideration by said council, the action of the mayor may be reversed and the license or its revocation annulled, upon a two-thirds vote of all the aldermen elected.

Section 22. Any violation of this ordinance shall be cause for revocation of any license issued, and shall be punished by a fine not to exceed the sum of $200.00, and by imprisonment in the county jail or Detroit House of Correction for a period not exceeding six months, or either, in the discretion of the court, and in the imposition of a fine only, the court may make a further sentence, that the offender be imprisoned until such fine is paid, but for a time not exceeding that provided herein.

KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI

An Ordinance Prohibiting the Exhibition of Obscene or Immoral Pictures and Regulating the Exhibition

of Moving Pictures

Be it ordained by the common council of Kansas City:

Section 1. No person, firm or corporation shall exhibit any obscene or immoral picture in Kansas City, or rent, sell or give the same to any other person, firm or corporation for the purpose of exhibition.

Section 2. There is hereby created the position of censor of films and pictures to be exhibited or about to be exhibited in Kansas City, Missouri. The mayor shall appoint such censor. Such censor shall receive

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for his services the sum of one hundred dollars ($100.00) per month, payable semi-monthly, as other city employes are paid. There is also hereby created a board of appeals to consist of three members to be appointed by the mayor. Said members of the board of appeals shall serve without pay. One of them shall be appointed for a term of one year, one for a term of two years and one for a term of three years, and they shall hold until their successors are appointed and qualified. Whenever the term of any member expires, another member shall be appointed to serve a term of three years. Any person, firm or corporation aggrieved by any action taken by the censors may take an appeal to the said board of appeals, which board shall without delay pass upon such appeal, and the decision of said board shall be final.

Section 3. Except as hereinafter provided, no person, firm or corporation shall exhibit, rent, sell or give to any other person, firm or corporation for exhibition any picture or moving picture film unless the same has been approved by said censor. Films or pictures which have been approved by any censor or board of cen- sors recognized and approved by the board of appeals provided for in this ordinance, may be exhibited with- out the approval of the censor or board of appeals. But it shall be the duty of the censor or board of appeals at any time when such censor or such board of appeals shall find that any film or picture approved by such censor or board of censors or any other censor or board of censors are obscene or immoral, to issue an order to the person, firm or corporation in whose possession such film or picture is at the time, forbidding the exhibition of such film or picture, and such film or picture shall not thereafter be exhibited in Kansas City unless such order is thereafter revoked by said censor or board of appeals.

Section 4. It shall be the duty of the censor upon the request of any person, firm or corporation desiring to exhibit any film or picture or to rent, sell or give the same to any other person, firm or corpora- tion for exhibiting to proceed twenty-four (24) hours after the receipt of such request to examine such film or picture, and if such film or picture is not obscene or immoral, it shall be the duty of the censor to certify his approval thereof and deliver such certificate to the person requesting the same.

Section 5. Any person, firm or corporation violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall, upon conviction, be fined not less than one dollar ($1.00) or more than five hundred dollars ($500.00) for each ofifense, and each exhibition of any picture forbidden by this ordinance to be exhibited shall constitute a separate offense.

Section 6. If any person, firm or corporation engaged in the business of exhibiting pictures or films shall be convicted of a violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance, then in addition to the penalty prescribed by this ordinance the license of such person, firm or corporation to engage in such business may be revoked by said board of appeals upon reasonable notice, and after a hearing, and no license shall thereafter be issued to such person, firm or corporation until such order or revocation is revoked, however, until a hearing shall have been had before the board of appeals in the matter of the revocation of such license. At least five days' notice shall be given of such hearing. Such notice shall be in writing and served on the holder of such license by delivery of such notice to such holder, or by mailing a copy thereof to the place of business of such holder.

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

Ordinance Relating to Licenses for Theatrical Exhibitions, Public Amusements and Exhibitions of Any Description and Regulating the Display of Bill Posters

Section 3. No amusement, performance or exhibition shall be advertised by means of pictorial posters or placards which are lewd, indecent or vulgar or which pictorially represent the commission of or the attempt to commit any crime or bodily violence, nor unless the pictorial poster or placard by which the same may be advertised shall have been submitted to the chief of police and have received his approval. It shall be the duty of the chief of police to disapprove placards or posters the advertisement by means of which would, in his opinion, be a violation of the law or of these ordinances. Every person who shall advertise or cause to be advertised any such amusement, performance or exhibition in violation of this ordinance shall forfeit and pay a penalty of not less than twenty nor more than one hundred dollars for every such offense.

This section shall be numbered 17a. ,

Section 4. The chief of police and any member of the police department who may be detailed by the chief for such duty shall have the right at any time of entering and inspecting all places where any of the amusements, performances or exhibitions referred to in Section 16 are advertised to take place or are actually taking place, and shall forbid and stop or cause to be stopped any such amusement, performance or exhibi- tion or the continuance thereof, the doing, giving or continuance of which is or would be a violation of .Section 17 of the ordinances.

This section shall be numbered 17b.

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ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS Section 6, Civic Code

Section 6. No picture films of any immoral, obscene, indecent, vulgar or of a suggestive, vulgar or indecent nature and posture, position or pose, or any film representing, portraying or describing any prize fight, murder, robbery, hold-up, hanging or execution shall be permitted to be shown, exhibited or portrayed in any manner whatsoever, at any time or place in the city of Rockford.

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

An Ordinance Regulating Moving Picture Exhibitions and Entertainments at Which Moving Pictures Are

Exhibited

Be it ordained by the people of the city and county of San Francisco, as follows;

Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to hold, conduct or carry on, or to cause or to permit to be held, conducted or carried on, any moving picture exhibition or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, without first applying for and receiving a permit therefor in writing from the board of police commissioners in the manner hereinafter provided. Any person, firm or corpo- ration desiring to obtain a permit to hold, conduct or carry on a moving picture exhibition or any entertain- ment at which moving pictures are exhibited, shall file an application in writing therefor with the board of police commissioners, specifying by street and number the place where such exhibition or entertainment is proposed to be held, conducted or carried on, which said application shall be signed by the applicant and shall contain the address of such applicant.

Section 2. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, association or corporation to display, or cause or permit to be displayed at any moving picture exhibition or at any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, any picture, illustration or delineation of any nude human figure or of any lewd or lascivious act, or of any other matter or thing of an obscene, indecent or immoral nature, or offensive to the moral sense, or (in such manner as to offend public morality and decency) any murder, suicide, robbery, hold-up, stabbing, assaulting, clubbing or beating of any human being.

Section 3. In the event that any person, firm or corporation holding a permit to conduct or carry on a moving picture exhibition, or an entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, shall violate or cause or permit to be violated, any of the provisions of this ordinance, or shall conduct such moving picture exhi- bition or such entertainment, or the place wherein the same is conducted or carried on in an unlawful, indecent or immoral manner, or shall cause or permit the same to be conducted or carried on, the board of police commissioners shall, in addition to the other penalties provided by this ordinance, revoke the permit issued for the conducting or carrying on of such exhibition or entertainment.

No permit shall be revoked until a hearing shall have been had by the board of police commissioners in the matter of the revocation of such permit, notice of which hearing shall be given in writing and- served at least five days prior to such hearing, upon the holder of such permit, his manager or agent, which notice shall state the ground of complaint against the holder of such permit or against such exhibition or entertain- ment, and shall also state the time and place where such hearing shall be had. Such notice shall be served upon the holder of such permit or agent by delivering the same to such person, or to his manager or agent, or to any person in charge of or employed in the place where such entertainment is conducted or by leaving such notice at his place of residence, with some person of suitable age or discretion. If the holder of such permit cannot be found, and service of such notice cannot be made upon him in the manner herein provided, then a copy of such notice shall be mailed, postage fully prepaid, addressed to such holder of such permit at such place of business, at least five days prior to the date of hearing.

Section 4. For the purposes of enforcing the provisions of this ordinance and preventing immoral pic- tures being displayed and acts of violence being depicted in such detail as to of?end public morality and decency, an advisory committee is hereby authorized, whose duty it shall be to inspect all moving pictures being displayed or exhibited, and all moving pictures intended for exhibition prior to their being displayed. It shall be the duty of said advisory committee to prosecute or cause to be prosecuted, by proper legal proceedings, all persons, firms or corporations who violate any of the provisions of this ordinance. The public exhibition of any picture thus objected to sTiall be deemed sufficient cause for the revocation of any permit therefor previously granted by the board of police commissioners. Said advisory committee shall be constituted and appointed as follows: One member of such committee shall be appointed respectively by the mayor, one by the board of education, the board of police commissioners, the Society for the Preven- tion of Cruelty to Children, and the Moving Picture Exhibitors' Association, each member to serve during the pleasure of the officer or body making the appointment.

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Said advisory committee and the members thereof shall have the right to freely enter any place or building wherein moving pictures are displayed or entertainment given, at any or all times, for the purpose of inspecting any picture that may be exhibited, or in the performance of any duty required to be per- formed by this ordinance.

Section 5. Any person, firm, association or corporation violating any provision or provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and. upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred ($100.00) dollars nor more than five hundred ($500.00) dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than thirty (30) days nor more than six (6) months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

Passed May 13, 1909.

SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS

An Ordinance Regulating the Operation of Moving Picture and Vaudeville Theatres. Section 220 of an Ordinance Entitled "An Ordinance Governing the Construction of Buildings in the City of

Springfield"

Class of Pictures Prohibited

Section 226. Pictures depicting murder, assassination, robbery, lewd or immoral scenes or shows, strictly prohibited under penalty of revocation of license.

Penalty

Section 233. The owner, agent, manager, janitor, and all persons in control of theatre will be individu- ally and jointly held responsible by law for any violation of these requirements. The penalty is a fine of not over two hundred dollars and closing of theatre.

License - Mayor Shall Revoke

Section 235. Upon a report to the mayor by the fire marshal, superintendent of police or the building inspector that the above section, or any order given by any of them in regard thereto have been violated, or not complied with, the mayor shall revoke the license of any such theatre so reported and cause the same to be closed.

Suggestions for a Model Ordinance for Regulating Motion Picture Theatres

No American city or state has as yet passed a thoroughly scientific law for the regulation of picture theatres. Yet motion picture theatres have become one of the important problems of moral and physical safety for which government is responsible. Their audience is ten times that of all other forms of theatre combined. They do a business of more than a hundred million dollars a year, and are the main leisure time resource of millions of wage earners. They are patronized by probably one million children a day.

The following suggestions have been gathered by the National Board of Censorship of Motion Pictures through the study of methods of regulation prevalent in this country and abroad. The main body of the suggestions is taken from the report of the commissioner of 'accounts of New York and of the Mayor's Commission on Motion Pictures, which devoted a long study to the problem in New York City.

Some details of regulation can be stereotyped and applied to all cities whatever. Other details will vary according to the size of the city and according to the organization of the local government. In some cases a result should be sought through state law, in others through local ordinance, in still others through admin- istrative discretion without any mandatory legislation.

If the motion picture deserves to be regulated, it deserves to be regulated scientifically, and not in behalf of special business interests, or, on the other hand, through laws passed as a result of uninformed public excitement. The officials or civic committee who take the matter up should begin by mastering the existing law and any court decisions that may have been bearing on motion picture regulation. They should read, incidentally, the constitution of the state and nation for light on the question of film censorship. As the next step, there should be a thorough investigation of the shows as they are actually being operated. The

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investigator should familiarize himself with the method by which films are made, distributed and exhibited; he should talk with the exhibitors; he should try to formulate an answer to the question, "What public need should the motion picture theatre be expected to meet?" The motion picture theatre is essentially a form of public service which is licensed by the community for public welfare. The same kind of scrutiny should be applied to it that is applied to any public service monopoly, newsstand privilege or park concession.

In the following pages are given, first, certain general facts and principles, and then such detailed sug- gestions as are applicable in all the cities of the country.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND FACTS

Local, Not State Regulation - The motion picture theatre can in most particulars be better regulated by local than by state laws. The exceptions to this statement are (a) the construction of the booth enclosing the projecting machine, which can be standardized for all possible conditions, and (b) the general conduct and construction of picture theatres in unincorporated villages.

Such matters as the supervision of the performance, the admission or non-admission of children, the building requirements and, generally, the hours and days of opening and closing, are matters which vary between city and city and between large and small cities. They should be attended to through local laws.

Hazards Peculiar to Picture Theatres - The picture theatre presents peculiar physical hazards, but is free from some other hazards which must be guarded against in regular theatres. The main fire hazard in theatres comes from the stage with its scenery and costumes. The motion picture show has no such danger, its dan- ger being concentrated in the projecting inachine with inflammable machinery and electric wiring. This danger, if the electric connections be properly seen to, can be confined in a fireproof booth. Then there re- miains only the panic danger, which is really the most serious, and this should be provided against through exits and aisles and through the equipment of the separate booth with automatic devices, so that it will be at once hermetically sealed in case of fire within it.

These conditions, while requiring certain specific safety provisions for picture theatres, make it possible to exempt picture theatres from some of the requirements applicable to regular theatres, and this has an important bearing on the cost of construction.

The Motion Picture a Form of Dramatic Art - This is too often forgotten. The motion picture as a labor-saving device is new, but the motion picture as a form of pantomimic drama is possibly the oldest form of drama in existence. Pantomime, reinforced with music, can be used to interpret any theme or plot, and the motion picture does utilize almost the whole range of dramatic topics. In addition, the motion picture is a form of journalism, of editorial discussion, and of platform discussion.

In view of this fact, motion pictures must from the outset be treated with that respect which is given to art, free press and free speech. They should not be subject to inquisitorial control or censorship before they are publicly exhibited, any more than such methods should be applied to newspapers, theatres or the pulpit. The motion picture may within a few years become the most important vehicle of . free public discussion in America.

The Motion Picture a Neighborhood Institution - The picture theatre can be made profitable even with a small audience and become a desirable family resort if objectionable features are eliminated. Therefore the laws should permit and encourage the building of picture theatres seating three, four and five hundred people and located in the residence neighborhoods.

Needs for Education, Churches, Etc. - The framers of motion picture laws should be careful not to forbid, wittingly or unwittingly, the use of motion pictures in public institutions. The law regulating the construction of booths should explicitly permit the use of portable booths, which could be used in churches, schools, fam- ily restaurants, etc. The use of the motion picture in public education has been almost prohibited in New York for two years through a failure to make legal provision for portable booths.

Attendance of Children - There are two problems with reference to children:

1. The programs in commercial picture theatres are not selected for children, but for a general audience of men, women and children. So long a_s trade conditions make this necessary, the film programs cannot be strictly adapted to the child mind. As soon as the schools begin to use motion pictures extensively, the theatres will be compelled to adapt to the new conditions and make a special bid for child patronage, other- wise they will lose the patronage of the children, and in large measure of the parents of children as well.

2. Unaccompanied children go in large numbers to the picture theatres. Some states have forbidden this by law, but the prohibition has not been successful. It cannot be successful so long as the American city provides for its children no alternative to the motion picture theatre except the street. Laws which prohibit the admission of unaccompanied children under any and all conditions are unenforcible and demoralizing. They contribute to the prevalent disrespect for law.

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

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Yet it is certainly true that unaccompanied children should not be allowed to go to any and all motion pic- ture theatres. A law now proposed in New York State and likely to be passed allows the admission of un- accompanied children to picture theatres where the program is strictly confined to films with the accom- panying music and recitation, but without vaudeville; where |he unaccompanied children are segregated away from adults; where a matron, licensed by the municipality, but salaried by the proprietor, is constantly pres- ent; and where the interior is adequately lighted throughout the course. Such a law would be enforcible and would give real protection.

Procedure in Framing a Law - This is referred to on page 1. In lar^e cities, whether the motion picture theatres are regulated by statute or not, the following departments are compelled to make themselves respon- sible for the safety and morality: the Departments of Building, Fire, Electricity, Health, Police and Licenses. Each of these departments knows a great deal about its part of the subject, though, as a rule, unless there is a law which they are carrying out it will be found that their requirements are inadequate and conflicting. The experts from these departments should be called into consultation with the framers of jhe law.

It is equally urgent to consult with the men engaged in the production, distribution and exhibition of the films, and this includes the film operators, who are generally neglected.

A competent lawyer should study the state constitution and the local laws and court decisions and should determine the amount of discretionary power which is lodged by fundamental law in the licensing authority. It is important to preserve the discretionary power in many particulars, and if necessary to confer it by new laws.

DETAILS OF REGULATION

Concentration of Responsibility - There should be a License Department, responsible for the inspection of picture theatres and the enforcement of the law, but required by law to co-operate in specified ways with the other city departments whose help is needed. The License Department should be equipped with a force of inspectors. It should be required by law to proceed according to a definite routine governing the request for the license, the inspections to be carried out before the license is granted, the public hearings which ought to be held, and the maximum period of delay in reaching a final decision in the premises. There should, if pos- sible, be an appeal from the License Bureau either to some higher administrative authority or to the courts, but the appeal to the courts should not be on questions of fact, but only on questions affecting the reasonable- ness of the decision which the License Bureau may reach.

The License Bureau should be required to keep exact records, and should have a force of inspectors to make periodical inspections. These inspectors should report in writing, and the reports, as likewise the com- plaints of citizens, should be matters of public record. It should be insured by law that before the license is issued the License Bureau will at least get written reports from the Building, Fire, Health and Electricity Departments; whether the reports of these departments should be binding on the License Bureau is a matter to be decided in view of local conditions.

Approval of Location - It is not desirable to forbid by statute the location of a picture theatre in any par- ticular place or to establish a zone around institutions which must not be penetrated by picture theatres. This matter should be left discretionally with the License Bureau, but a public hearing in the matter of location should be required by law.

It is generally undesirable to locate motion picture theatres in tenement or lodging houses, factories or work shops, except where the theatre is separated from the rest of the building by unpierced, fireproof walls and floors. It is of the first importance that the main floor of the theatre be not above or below the ground level.

Description of Performance - The license fee should be based on seating capacit}^ Reasonable fees would be $50 or $100 for theatres seating not more than 600 people, and $250 to $500 for larger theatres.

There should be two sets of building requirements, one set applicable to regular theatres with stage and scenery, and the other set applicable to picture theatres without stage and where no performances in costume are given. This discussion relates wholly to the picture theatre.

Furthermore, the license should specify the type of performance which should be allowed. It is important to exclude vaudeville and human theatricals from motion picture theatres, both because of the additional fire hazard involved in vaudeville, and because of the tendency of vaudeville to become degraded, and the in- creased difficulty of regulating the general physical and moral conduct of the show if vaudeville is allowed.

The following is a suggested definition for a motion picture performance or for the type of program to be allowed in a motion picture theatre:

A motion picture theatre shall be deemed any public hall or room in the city of in which

motion pictures are exhibited, and in which there is no stage or scenery.

38

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

A motion picture performance sliall be deemed a display of pictures representing characters or objects in motion without entertainment in costume and without other forms of entertainment save the accompany- ing features of music, lecture, recitation or song.

Construction of Picture Theatres - The law should require that the builder of a prospective picture theatre should file with the proper authority, complete plans and detailed statements showing clearly the location and width of all exits, passageways, stairs, fire-escapes, aisles, etc., the material to be used in construction, the arrangement of seats, size of floor beams, walls, supports, etc.; the location and construction of the booth in which the film machine is to be confined; a diagram of the lot or plot showing outlets from all exits.

Before being licensed the building should, as above stated, be inspected to see that plans, which will already have been presumably approved by the proper departments, have been lived up to.

It is not necessary that the picture theatre be constructed of fire-proof material, but the walls and ceiling of the auditorium should be covered with some substance like expanded metal lath or wire mesh plastered with three coats of plaster; or metal on ^-inch plaster boards would suffice. If there be a basement or cellar under the theatre the ceiling of this basement should be similarly protected and it should be required that this basement be kept free except for the space used for heating apparatus, for coal and for the machinery con- nected with the theatre.

Seating Capacity - The maximum seating capacity should never be lower than 400 and should preferably be from 600 to 1,000. For a larger seating capacity, better buildings will be constructed and a better perform- ance given at a low price.

Balconies should not be allowed, seating in excess of 33j^ per cent of the total audience. These balconies should be required to have exits direct to a street or court, so that in case of panic the occupants of the Ijalconies will not pour down into the main auditorium and collide with the outgoing stream of those who have been seated on the ground floor.

Exits, Stairs and Gradients - The following would be safe requirements for exits: where the main floor of the building accommodates 300 people or less, an aggregate exit width of 18 feet; where the main floor accommodates 300 or more and less than 400 people, an aggregate exit width of 21 feet; 23 feet for a floor capacity of 400 to 500; 25 feet for a floor capacity of 500 to 600 people.

In the case of galleries, there should be a width of stairs not less than 10 feet in the clear where the gal- lery accommodates 150 people. This should be increased or decreased by one foot, according to the increase or decrease of 50 people from this figure. Galleries should likewise be provided with at least one line of fire- escapes leading to an open court, fire-proof passage or street, without re-entering the building. This fire- escape from the gallery should not be allowed to block the side-exits from the main floor. Fire-escapes should have balconies not less than 3 feet 4 inches in width in the clear, and not less than 4 feet 6 inches long, and from these balconies there should be staircases extending to a ground level with a rise of not less than 7^ inches and a step of not less than 10>4 inches.

To overcome any difference of level in and between corridors, lobbies and aisles, gradients of not over 1 foot in 8 feet should be required, or steps having a rise of not over 8 inches and a width of not less than 10 inches. Direct passage from the main floor to the exits should likewise be provided for by gradients, where there is a difTerence of level, and never by stairs.

No exit from the balcony or main floor should be less than 5 feet in width and there should be a main exit, visible and accessible, of not less than 10 feet in total width.

The ordinance should specify that all exit doors must be kept unlocked when the theatre is open to the public, must be fire-proof and made to open outwardly, and so arranged as not to obstruct the exit or court when open.

Doors leading to fire-escapes should not be less than 3 feet wide in the clear. All exits should be indicated by colored lights or signs.

Width of Aisles - All aisles in the auditorium and galleries should be at least 3 feet wide in the clear, with an aggregate aisle width of 10 feet, for places seating not more than 500; this aggregate width to be in- creased by one foot for each 50 people above 600.

Chairs - Chairs should be either fastened to the floor or fastened together in rows, at least three of these rows being fastened together. Chairs should not be less than 32 inches from back to back and not less than 18 inches in width.

A minimum of 4J^ square feet floor area per occupant, this being calculated in terms of the total area of the main floor and balcony, should be required, both to prevent overcrowding of the seats and to insure a proper allotment of air per person (see ventilation section).

Booths - Proper construction of booths is important. There should be provision for fixed booths, port- able booths and special exemptions for certain types of motion picture machines.

Fixed Booth: All regular picture theatres or places where motion pictures are regularly exhibited should

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

39

be equipped with fixed booths. The booth should be at least 6 feet by 7, preferably 8 feet, and at least 6 feet high. For each additional machine there should be an additional 18 square feet.

The booth should be built of any fire-proof material, including asbestos, iron % inch thick, brick or con- crete. If the booth is of metal it should be so insulated as not to form a short circuit in case of electrical accident within the booth, in which case the adjacent woodwork might be set afire. There should be an opening for the projection of the picture, another opening for the eye of the operator, and a door, this door to be kept closed whenever the booth is in use, by means of an automatic catch. All apertures should be equipped with drop curtains built of steel or non-inflammable material, and so arranged with fusible links as to drop instantly in case of fire (fusible links are practically cords which break if the temperature rises above a certain point).

All repairing or re-winding of films should be done either in the booth or in an adjacent fire-proof room, and all films should be stored in the booth enclosed in an approved fire-proof box, to be used for their storage.

The fixed booth should have a fire-proof vent-flue leading from the booth to the outside air, equipped with exhaust ventilation, this ventilation being sufficient to exhaust not less than 60 cubic feet of air per minute for a one-machine booth, and not less than 90 cubic feet of air per minute for a two-machine booth.

The booth should be equipped with small metal screened openings located near the bottom of the booth, aggregating 180 square inches for a one-machine booth and 210 inches for a two-machine booth, these being entrances for the air from the auditorium, which will be exhausted to the outside air by exhaust fans. (N. B. The requirement of forced ventilation in the booths is equally important for the public and for the operator of the machine. It is generally neglected, yet it is perhaps the most vital single feature of booth construc- tion.)

Portable Booths - Portable booths are necessary for motion picture performances, as in schools, churches, etc. They should be constructed of iron, aluminum or asbestos, the asbestos being reinforced with an iron frame-work. The portable booth should rest on an asbestos platform, this being non-conductive to electricity. The booth should be not less than 4 feet by 5 in area. It should be equipped like the fixed booth with auto- matic drop shutters over all apertures, and the door, which can safely be kept open for ventilating purposes while the show is going on, should be so arranged as to close instantly in case of fire, through the burning of a fusible link. The booth should be substantially built in such measure that it could not be pushed over in case of panic among the audience.

Conditions Where a Booth is Not Necessary - There are at present no such conditions except with refer- ence to the Home Kinetoscope machine, controlled by the Edison Company. This is a miniature machine using a lamp with amperage of only 6 and employing a non-inflammable film, and on this machine the ordinary film cannot be run. This film is designed for use in schools and parlors. It is built to be entirely safe without any enclosure whatever, for miniature machines using inflammable films there should be required a fire-proof box, inclosing the film, arranged to close hermetically in case of fire.

The wiring for the projection machines should be inspected and approved in every case by the proper department. A heavier amperage is carried over the wiring supplying light for a motion picture projection than the connections may have been calculated to carry, and this fact, unless attended to may lead to com- bustion within the walls of the building.

Heating and Ventilation - The ventilation of 'picture theatres is either wholly neglected or regulated according to archaic conceptions, in most American cities. The subject is of leading importance not only because it involves the comfort of the audience, but because a failure to properly ventilate may mean the spreading of infectious diseases at the very time when the physical resistance of the audience may be lowered through excessive humidity or overheating. There are probably no places subject to public oversight, except certain industrial plants, where bad ventilation is as much a menace to health as in motion picture theatres. This fact grows out of the small air space usually allowed per occupant in the theatre, the continuous use of the theatre for eight or nine hours a day, and the promiscuous mingling of all sorts of people in the audience.

The following suggestions are combined from the report of the Committee on Motion Pictures, appointed by the Mayor of New York, which investigated at length in 1911, and the recent Report of the Committee on Standards of Ventilation for Motion Picture Show Places, appointed by the American Society of Heating and Ventilating.

It should first be emphasized that the old theories according to which a fresh air supply of 2,000 cubic feet per person was held necessary, have been completely overthrown by recent investigations here and in Europe. It is now recognized that the oxygen in air cannot be dangerously exhausted under any ordinary conditions, and that the overloading of the air with carbon dioxide practically never occurs, whereas, on the other hand, temperature and humidity are of very great importance. If it were not for the fact that audiences released bacterial and gaseous products into the air it would be theoretically possible to dispense with all ventilation;

40

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

humidity and temperature being the factors which necessitate control. An abundant air supply aids in tem- perature control during warm weather and in humidity control at all seasons.

In view of these facts, the Committee of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers recommend a fresh air requirement of 900 cubic feet per hour per person. The Mayor's Committee in New York recommended a minimum of only 500 cubic feet per hour. The Committee of the American Society suggests that the minimum floor area of the auditorium, excluding aisles and public .passageways, should be 4^ square feet per occupant and that a minimum of 80 cubic feet of air space per occupant should be provided in the entire hall.

Both the above mentioned committees agree in recommending that the temperature, at the breathing-line of the audience, should not exceed 70 degrees F. nor be less than 62 degrees F., except when the outside tem- perature is sufficiently high not to require the heating of the air supply. More injury and discomfort ensues from a temperature too high than from one too low.

The proper humidity ratio will be ordinarily secured if the temperature above mentioned be maintained and an adequate air supply be provided.

The New York Committee recommend forced ventilation, at least one inlet and one outlet for expelling the air being situated at opposite ends of the hall. The air within the auditorium should be kept in motion by means of fans. The motion of air within the auditorium will make for comfort through distributing the humidity and averaging the temperature, besides which it is now known that a slight stream of air against the face makes directly for comfort. The fans should point above the heads of the audience.

Fresh air should not be obtained from contaminated or vitiated sources.

All toilets should be adequately ventilated by exhaust ventilation.

Any form of heating v/ill be generally permissible except heating by gas radiators, which are dangerous from the standpoint of fire.

See page 9 for ventilating requirements for picture booths.

Sanitary Cleansing - It would be desirable to require by law that all sweeping be dustless and preferably that suction cleaning be substituted for sweeping. Carpets and other fabric floor coverings should be cleaned at least once daily. Curtains, draperies and the fabric covering of seats should be cleaned by some dustless method at least once a month.

Lighting During Performances - The interior lighting of picture theatres during the show is of absolutely first importance and is one of the easiest results to secure, though it is rarely found in actual practice. This lighting requires no patented device, no special kind of screen, no great quantity of electric current, and can be arranged with a little ingenuity by any exhibitor. The wording of the ordinance framed by the Mayor's Committee in New York may be quoted verbatim:

"Lighting - Every portion of a motion picture theatre, including exits, courts and corridors, devoted to the uses or accommodation of the public shall be so lighted by electric light during all exhibitions and until the entire audience has left the premises, that a person with normal eyesight should be able to read the Snellen standard test type 40 at a distance of 20 feet and type 30 at a distance of 10 feet; normal eyesight meaning ability to read type 20 at a distance of 20 feet in daylight. Cards showing types 20, 30 and 40 shall be dis- played on the side walls, together with a copy of this paragraph of the ordinance."

It is assumed, of course, that the inspectors of the License Bureau will be instructed to see that this sec- tion is enforced.

Open Air Theatres - There is no reason for limiting the seating capacity of open-air picture theatres. It should be required that the aisles must be 4 feet wide or wider, and that ready exit should be provided. Seats should be fastened together in rows, and at least three rows fastened together. A gravel floor for open-air theatres is often better than cement or wood.

Application to Existing Places - If a law is made retroactive in such a way as to put out of business an establishment that has been previously licensed by the public, and which is conducted according to the con- ditions of law which prevailed when it was licensed, it may be held unconstitutional in some states. Any law should be made retroactive in all particulars which do not involve fundamental structure, such as sanitation, ventilation, lighting, the provision of adequate exits and width of aisles, location of seats, etc. The law should go as much farther as is politically or legally possible - that is, the law-maker should lean toward the policy of making the whole ordinance retroactive.

Safeguarding Special Performances - A panic or fire from motion pictures in a church or school would be even more disastrous to life than in the ordinary theatre. Therefore, the license authority should have super- vision over all places whatsoever where motion pictures are exhibited in public. These places should be required to obtain a permit for their exhibition, and there should be an inspection before this permit is issued.

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

41

MORAL CONTROL OF THE PROGRAM

This vexed question has been left till the last, and in fact it will not be satisfactorily disposed of in any city without much careful experimentation.

The safeguard against demoralizing performances will always be the power of the licensing authority to revoke a license in case offensive performances are given or offensive conduct tolerated on the premises. Action by the licensing authority under this power should not be reviewable by the courts save on the grounds of reasonableness. Nothing should be done to curtail this power, and any attempt at a too minute definition of this power may have the unexpected result of curtailing it.

In addition to this power every city or state has penal laws of greater or less severity prohibiting the exhibition of demoralizing acts, pictures, etc. These laws should be brought into force before other laws are made.

If, having exhausted the discretionary power of the licensing authority and the punitive power of penal provisions, a city is still not satisfied with the character of its film programs, then the question of censorship could be raised.

This censorship should never under any conditions be an inquisitorial censorship, carried out before films are first publicly exhibited. Such censorship, probably unconstitutional, is intrinsically dangerous and subject both to corruption and tyrannical abuse, and violates the conception of the motion picture as a new agent for free discussion.

It is, however, possible for a city to create a special board on motion picture morality, and for this board to view motion pictures either in theatres or elsewhere, on the day they are first publicly exhibited. The films found objectionable by such a committee could then be prohibited for the city as a whole by the licensing authority under penalty of revocal of license or refusal to renew the license when it expires or penal prosecu- tion. Such methods would be found entirely satisfactory, and in addition the licensing authority could be given the explicit power to abate any objectionable film the minute it was made public.

It should be remembered that a film circulates for several months before it is seen by the whole public. From this standpoint the film needs pre-publicity censorship less than the newspaper, for example, which is read by everybody within an hour of the time it is placed on the newsstand.

National Boc»rd of Censorship - The control of the National Board of Censorship is now complete for more than 95 per cent, of all r.I -^s shown in America. There is, however, a fringe of so-called "feature" and "state right" pictures which is not rc^'ilarly inspected by the National Board. Cities could, if they desired, require the stamp of approval of the NatiOi al Board to accompany every film shown in that city and require any films not bearing this stamp to be spec-'Hy submitted to a committee of the Mayor on the day they were first publicly exhibited, this scrutiny not being " rought to bear on films that have been approved by the National Board of Censorship.

Need for Co-operation - The motion picture insj, tors should be instructed by law to report on any abuses against morality or public welfare which come wlijin their notice. No picture program is confined merely to films; there are nearly always music, recitations, \.^c., and over them the exhibitor has most com- '^'ete co"<-' -ind he should be punished if they are objectionaMe. The exhibitors of a given city have ' ° films that they are to exhibit, but the mJi-'idual exhibitor is relatively helpless in a bad film is located, it should ! ' forthwith prohibited to be shown

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T7SSANAY stands for realism m tke making of pkoto- plays. Tke tkougkt and action of tke world, tke world of all tke people, is interpreted ]ust as it is m reality in its pkotoplays. Scenes must ke aksolutely true to life.

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MOTION PICTURE PLAYERS

Abeles, Edw., Jesse Lasky Co., Ix>ngacre Theatre, New York City.

Abbey. Mae, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Abrams, Charles, 42 E. 14th St., New York City.

Abrams, Al., Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Adair, Belle, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Adler, J. P.. Lubin Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.

Adler. B., Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Adams, Lionel, Famous Players F. Co.. 213 W. 26th St., New York City.

Adams, Stella. Nestor Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Adollf, John, 651 Fairvlew Ave., Los Angeles. Cal.

Aitken, Spottswood, Reliance Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Albaugh, James. Excelsior Co.. Studio, Lake Placid, N. Y.

Alden, Mary, Reliance Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Aldrach, W. F.. Charlotte. N. C. .

Alrleh, H.. Eclair Co.. Tucson, Ariz.

AUardt, Arthur. Universal Co.. Hollywood, Cal.

AUen. Eita, Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

Ailing. James. Mutual Co., 29 Union Square, New Y''ork City.

Amer, Fred C. 422 N. High St.. Columbus, O.

Anderson. Mignon. Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle. N. Y.

Anderson. Edith, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Anderson, G. M., Essaaay Co.. Niles. CaL

Anderson. Mary. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Anderson, Andy, Oz F. Mfg. Co.. Monica Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Anderson. Augusta. Pierrot F. Co., Tappan. N. Y'.

Andrada. Dave. Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Ankers. Wm.. Thanhouser Co.. New Bochelle. N. Y.

Angelo. Chas.. Geo. Kleine. 166 S. State St.. Chicago.

Angel. Raymond. Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

AoM, Tsuru. N. Y. Mo. Pic. Co.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City. Arbuckle. Boscoe. Keystone Co.. Studio. Los Angeles. Cal. Argus, Jos.. Thanhouser Co., New BocheUe. N. Y. Arling. Chas., Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J. Artega, Art. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Aronson, qias. W., Elk Club, New York _City._ _

Arnold, Lois^ Famous Players F. Co., 213 W. 26th St., New York City.

Arthur. John, Aetna F. Co.. Longacre Bldg., New York City.

Asher. Max, Comedy Co., Universal Studio. Hollywood. Cal.

Ashley, Arthur H.. Vitagraph Co.. Screen Club, New York City.

Ashley, James W., Candler Bldg., New Y'ork City.

Asborne, Geo., Mutual Co., 29 Union Square, New York City.

Atkinson, W., Selig Polyscope Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

August, Hal., Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

August, Edwin, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Austin, Jere, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Augtist, Edwin, Universal Co., Hollywood. Cal.

Ayres. Sydney, Independent, New York City.

Ayres, Jas. F., Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Bach, B. C, 10 Willow Ave., Westmount, Que.. Can.

Badet, Beglna, Geo. Kleine. 166 S. State St.. Chicago. 111.

Badgley. Mrs. G. J.. Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Baggot, King, Imp Co., Screen Club, New York City.

Bailey, Frank T.. Butte. Montor. 220 W. 42nd St., New York City.

Bailey, Wm.. Life Photo F. Corp.. 102 W. 101st St.. New Y'ork.City.

Bainbridge. Sherman. Bison Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood. Cal.

Baird, Leah, Titagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Baldivin. Kitty, Life Photo F. Corp., 220 W. 42nd St., New York City.

Balshofer, Fred J., N. Y. Mo. Pic. Co., Longacre Bldg., New York City.

Baker, Geo. G., Hotel St. George, Brooklyn Heights, N. Y.

Baker, Doris, Lubin Co., St. Augustine, Fla.

Baker. Jos., Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Barbour, Edwin, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Barnes, Justus D., Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Barton, Grace, Lubin Co., Philadelphia. Pa.

Bartlett, Chas., Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Barrlngston, Herbert. Playgoers F. Co.. Lyric Theatre. New York City.

Barry. Viola. Bosworth. Inc.. Los Angeles, Cal.

Barry, Eleanor, Lubin Co., St. Augustine, Fla.

Barry, Edw., Charing Cross. 16 Cecil Ct.. London. Eng.. W. C.

Barry, Will L., 90 Gold St., New York City.

Barriscale. Bessie. Belasco Stock Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Bassett, Eussell, Famous Players Co., 213 W. 26th St., New York City.

Baud. Georges. Geo. Kleine, 166 S. State St., Chicago, 111,

Bauman. Chas. O., Screen Club. New York City.

Bauer, Chas. C, 553 W. 33rd St., New York City.

Bauer, Arthur, Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Bayne, Beverly, Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago. 111.

Beal. Frank, Hotel Wallick, New York City.

Beaudet, Louise, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Beaumont, Harry, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange. N. J.

Bechtel. Wm. A., Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Beck, Fred, 248 W. 35th St., New York City.

Beecroft, Fred J., 145 W. 45th St., New York City.

Berry, Wallace, Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago. 111.

Belasco, Walter, N. Y. Mo. Pic. Co., Longacre Bldg., New York City.

Belmar, Harry, Jr., Adv. Mo. Pic. Co., Edgecomb PI., Chicago, 111.

Belmont, J. T., Keystone Studio, Los Angeles, Cal.

Bell, Gaston, Lubin Co., Phlladilphia, Pa.

Bendtsen, FranltUn, Advance Mi. Pic. Co., Edgecomb PI . Chicago, 111.

Benham, Mrs. Harry, Thanhousfr Co., New Bochelle, N. Y'.

Benham, Harry, Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Benham, Leland, Thanhouser Co , New Bochelle, N. Y.

Benner, Yale, Edison Co., 275 .Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Bennett, Bobt., Unity Photo Co., 168 W. 46th St., New York City.

Bennett, Frank F., Mutual Co..i 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal

Bennett, Constance. Blache Fea, Inc.. Ft. Lee. N. J.

Bergen, Thurlow, Eclectic F. Co.. 110 W. 40th St., New York Citv.

Bernard, Alexandre, Italia Co., 1011 Candler Bldg., New Y'ork City

Bernard, Nan, Thanhouser Co., Hew Bochelle, N. Y.

Bernstein, Jules, 46 Ft. Washington Ave., New York City.

Bernstein, Isidore. Universal Co.,i Hollywood. Cal.

Berry. Audrey (child), Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Bertona, Daniel. Screen Club or 100 W. 44th St.; New York City.

Bertsch, Marguerite, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Bertini. Miss Francesca. Geo. Kleine. 166 S. State St., Chicago, 111.

Bertram. Wm., Thanhouser Co.. New Bochelle, N. Y.

Bessimer. Eugenie, Western Selig Polyscope, Los Angeles, Cal.

BiUington. Francelia. Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles, Cal.

Bishop, Wm. S.. Amer. Kineto Co.. Longacre Bldg., New York City.

Blackstone, Elizabeth, Whitman Fea. Co.. ClifTside. N. J.

Blackton, S. J.. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Blackwell, Carlyle, Independent Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Blanche, Herbert. Solax Co.. Ft. Lee. N. J.

Blanchard. Eleanor, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Blaisdell, Geo., 17 Madison Ave.. New York City.

Blaisdell, B. E.. 1807 Avenue K. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Blaisdell. Wm.. 1809 Avenue K, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Bllnkhorn, Albert, 110 W. 40th St., New York City.

Blystone, Jack, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Boardman, True, Essanay Co., 1333 Argvle St . Chicago, 111.

Boggs, Lee, 2649 E. 27th St., Sheepshead, N. Y.

York City.

Bolder, Bobt., Essanay Co., Niles, Cal. Borderick. Bobt., Famous Players, 213 W. 26th St.. Borella. Edith, Amer. F. Co., Santa Barbara, Cal. Borelli, Lydia, Geo. Kleine, 166 S. State St., Chicago, 111. Borzage, Frank, Mutual Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles, Cal. Boss, Yale, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. Bosworth, C. B., 175 W. Biver St., Wilkesbarre. Pa. Boulden. Edw.. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. Bourke, Fannie, Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y. Bower. Arthur. Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y. Bowdoin, Ethel, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Bowers, Billy, Lubin Co., Jacksonville, Fla. Bowman, Palmer, Selig Co., Actors' Society, New Y'ork City. Boyle, Irene, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St.,- New York City. Bracey, Sydney, Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y. Bradford, G. P., Gaumont Co., 110 W. 40th St., New York City. -Bradshaw, Linnel, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Brandon, F. M., Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Brandt, Edwin. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City. Brandt. Joseph. 1600 Broadway. New York City. Brandt, Chas., 4843 Cedar Ave., West Philadelphia. Pa. Brautigam. Otto, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. Bredeson. H. B.. Edison Co., Besidence, 3073 Hull Ave., Bronx. Breese. Edmund, .Tesse Lasky Co.. Longacre Bldg., New York City. Brennan, J. S., Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Brennan, Edw., Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal. Brenon, Herbert, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Besidence, Aljomar Apt., 828 7th Ave., New York City. Brice, Bosetta. Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

BJIckwell, Gladys, Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, C: Bright, Mollie, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz. Brisco. Lottie, Lubin Co., St. Augustine, Fla. Bristol, Frank. Oz F. Mfg. Co., Monica Blvd.. Los Angeles, Cal. Brockwell, Miss, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Bronti, Adelaide. Beauty Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal. Brooke, Van Dyke, 1112 Dean St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Brower, Bobt., Edison Co., Besidence, 2493 Valentine Ave.. N. Y.

Brown, N., Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Browne, Harry C, Famous Players, 213 W. 26th St., New Y'o Brownell, J. C, Victor-Universal, Hollywood, Cal. Brownmg, Tod. Keystone Studio. Los Angeles. Cal. Bruce. ClitTord. Pathe Freres. 1 Congress St.. Jersey City, N. J. Brulalour. J. E.. Bex Film Co., care Screen Club, New York City. Brunton, Wm., Kalem Co., care Photoplayers' Club, Los Angeles, Cal. Bryson, James V., Universal Co.. Hollywood. Cal. Buckman. Hazel. Universal Co.. Hollywood. Cal.

Buckland, Harry, Hepworth Amer. F. Co., 110 W. 40th St., New York City.

Bunny, John, Vitagraph Co., Besidence, 1415 Avenue G, BrooI<lyn, N. Y.

Burbridge, C. J., 212 Lennox Ave., New York City.

Burke, .Toe, Crystal Co.. 430 Claremont Pkwy.. New York City.

Burns. Fred, Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal.

Burns. Bobt., Boyal Players Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal.

Burns. Lillian. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y.

Burns. Jack, Solax Co., Ft. Lee. N. J.

Burns, Vinnie, Solax Co., Ft. Lee, N. J.

Burton, Charlotte. Thanhouser Co.. New Bochelle. N Y'

Burton. Frank, 214 W. 109th St., New York City.

Burton, Ned, Pathe Freres. 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J.

Bush, Pauline, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Bushman, Francis X., Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago. 111. Butts, Worthy, Greenwich Co., 540 W. 21st St., New York City.

Fordhara,

City.

Cagney, Margaret, Eclectic F. Co., 110 W. 40th St., Calhoun, Julia, Lubin Co., Jacksonville, Fla. Calvert, E. H., Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago, 111. Carleton, Lloyd B.. 240 W. 102nd St.. New York City. CarewB. Edwin, Tampa P. Co., Studio, Tampa, Fla. Carl, Benee, Gaumont Co., 110 W. 40th St.. New Y'ovk Ci'' Carlyle, Francis, Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey Citv. Carney. Augustus. Universal Co.. Hollywood, Cal. Carr. Wm., Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Carroll, Frank J., Flanders Hotel, New York City. Carroll. James J., care F. J. Fountain, 15 Vandewater St City.

Carter. Catherine. Life Photo F. Corp , 102 W. 101 st St., New York City

Castellanl. Bruto, Geo. Kleine, 166 S. State St., Chicago, III.

Castle, Helen, Selig Polyscope, Los Angeles, Cal.

Cavanaugh, Wm. N., Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Cederberg, C. E., Hector F. Corp., 165 E. 89th St., New York City

Cella, Peter. Ft. Lee. N. J.

Chandler, Bobt.. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Chancy, Lou.. Joker F. Co., Universal Studio. Hollvwood. f'al. Chatterton. Thos.. Mutual Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles Cal Chanlonger, Bird. Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Y'ork City.

York

44

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

Chadwick. Cyril. Thanhouser Co., New Eoclielle. N. Y. Chamberlin. Riley. Thanhouser Co.. New Kochelle. N. 1. Chaplin. Chas.. Essanav Co.. Niles. Cal. Chainriaii. ( luis i> . \ itaKiai.li ( 'n . Brooklyn. N. Y.

udler Bldg.. New York City. Lcre Theatre. New York City. W. 42ud St.. New York City.

Kochelle. N. Y. Childcis. Naomi. \ Uagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y. Chisholin. John M.. 108 Convent Ave.. New York City. Choppen. Wm.. Lubm Co.. Philadelplna. Pa.

Lhristie. Al.. Lmiversal Co.. Hollywood. Ca Clair. Gertnidf. N. Y. Mo. Pir Corp.. I.miKae: Clarendon. ll;ii . i , i rjn-i , \rw 'i ..i k i

Clark. Andx M . 'i i -m^ i r.i., i ,

Clark, Jaci. ' . . : : - i . , r, w , i Clark. Ki-.n . i i . i;: w .

Clark. Fran. r ! Vi.wli'.*. Cal

Clark. Key. i ; ^'-vk-.s. Ciil.

Clark. Jaiiir i. l l; , Pittsburgll

Clayton, JJ;;. : Mies. Cal.

Clary. Cba. m. f -l. Cal.

Clayton, i-.ilin. In r . r,, . ,.i n.iua. Pa. Clap. C. B., bill I. ! , . « York City.

Clifford. Wm.. Unn > wood. Cal.

Clmchard. Eugeni

Bldg.. New York City.

.Vngeles. Cal. . New \ork City. . St.. Now York City.

Co.. 220 W. 4211

York

.loud. Dark. Maji^ii ' Clymer. John B.. (.ai^ j v m Crty.

Cobb. Lang C. Jr.. 102 \V. 101st St., New York City. Cohn. Jack. 600 W. 175th St.. New York City. Collins. Jos. P.. Athens Hotel. 56 B. 42nd St.. New York City. Collins. John H.. 3750 Broadway. New York City.

Commings, Eobt., All Star Pea. Corp., 220 W. 42nd St.. New York City. Compton, Dixie, Bwy. Pic. Prod. Co.. Knickerbocker Theatre Bldg., New York City.

Conway, John. Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

Conway, J. W.. Snlax Co., Ft. Lee, N. J.

Connelly, llilm, \ii,it'ra|ili Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Connelly. 1'.": - \i.r ,.,,a, Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Conner, .\'u ; . i -i n.s. 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J.

Conklin. I'l . ^ c o. Studio. Los Angeles, Cal.

Cook. Warm.. I ii 27.") Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Cook. Wm., iiz 1. .\lfg Co., Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

Cooke. Geo. J., Jr., 207 W. 138th St., New York City.

Cooley, Frank, Beauty Co, 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal.

Coombs, Guy, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Cooper, Geo.. Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Cooper, Bigelow, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave.. Orange, N. J.

Cooper, Miriam, Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal.

Corwin. Mr., 235 W. 145th St., New York City.

Cortwright, Chas., Bellance Co.. Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Cossar, John, Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago, 111.

Costello, Maurice, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Costello, Dolores. Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Costello, Helen, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Courtot. Marguerite, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

CoughUn, Kathleen, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange. N. J.

Cowan. Elizabeth. Advance M. P. Co., Edsecomb PI., Chicago, 111.

Cowl, Geo., 324 Carnegie Hall, New York City.

Coxen, Ed., Am. F. Mfg. Co., Santa Barbara, Cal.

Cozine, Arthur. Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Craig, Mrs. Blanche. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Craig, Chas., Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Crampton, Howard. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Crane, Mr., Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Crane. Prank H., Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.; Residence, 222 W.

Crawford. Florcnro, Reliance Co , Universal Studio, Hollywood. Cal.

Dintentass. Mark, 1000 Broadway, New York City. Dion, Hector, Adelphi Hotel. 470 W. 23rd St., New York City. Ditt, Josephine, American F. Co., Santa Barbara, Cal. Donaldson. Arthur, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Residence, 342 W. 46th St., New York City. Dorzage, Frank, Keystone Co., Los Angeles, Cal. Dowlan, Wm., Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Downs, Rex, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Dranet, Mile. Leontlne, Oz F. Mfg. Co., Monica Blvd.. Los Angeles, Cal. Drew, Lillian, Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago, 111. Drumm. Glenn, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Drumgold, Geo.. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Ducev. Lois. Royal Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal. Uiiiiacw. Nifliolas, Viiagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. I'lnii'.ii. Mrirt, Co.. 1333 Ai'gyle St., Chicago, 111.

I' ' I I * ' ' ' Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

I' : \. i: I ; , riavcrs. 213 W. 26th St., New York City.

I " 1 , 1 , Philadelphia, Pa.

I' I I Co.. New Bochelle, N. Y.

t' , >! I 1 0.. Los Angeles, Cal.

I' I I o . Hollywood, Cal.

I . ' I. . I- I . >"|ie Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

i;n. iCiMv. -,, .\ Mr;, 11 F. Co. . Santa Barbara. Cal.

IvJimaial. DuvciiiLS. Italia Co.. 1011 Candler Bldg., New York City. Bddinger. Wallace. Playgoers F. Co., Lyric Theatre, New York City. Ldison. Robert. Jesse Lasky Co.. Longacre Theatre, New York City. Edmondson. Richard. 19 Cecil Ct., Charing Cross Rd., W. C, London, Eng.

Edwards, Walter, Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal. Edwin, Walter Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave.. Orange, N. J. Ehfe, Wm., New York M. P. Co., Longacre Bldg., New York City. Els. Alice. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Elmer. I'.illv. Jesse Lasliy Co., Longacre Theatre, New York City. l.li.Mi, ciaMiir,., Lubin Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. 1 ' . \ I , s.ilax Co., Ft. Lee, N. J.

1 ' ^1 ' I . Mdison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave.. Orange, N. J.

1 '1 - luver Co., 1600 Broadway, New York City.

1-lliv. \\ . I., J.ilair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

EUis, Itobeil,. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City, Eldridge, Chas. E., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Emerson, Betty, Victor Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal. Emerson. Chas., Thanhouser Co., New Rochelle, N. Y.

EnRlf. J.« S.. Ifino Broadway. New York City.

! I : i I II' ' Lakeside Ave.. Orange. N. J.

Eye. Wi Eyton, 1 Eyting, Fairl

III. ,n„, Ariz. " , -S.-.r, W. 23rd St.. New York City. Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd,. Los Angeles, Cal. ipe Co., Los Angeles. Cal. leen Club, New York City, mhouser Twins, New Rochelle, N. Y.

Farley. Jos. P., BH3 Columbus Ave., New York City. Parley. Dot, Warner's Pea. Co., 145 W. 45th St., New York City. Farnum. Dustin, Sawyer Co.. 1600 Broadway, New York City. Farnhain. Jos. W., All Star Co., 220 W. 42nd St., New York City. Farrington. Rene. Mutual Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal. Farren. J. J.. Victoria Theatre. Rochester. N. Y. Fealy. Maud. Holland Film Co.. Boston. Mass. Fearnley. Jane. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y. Feeley. M. M.. 145 W. 45th St.. New York City. Fazenda. Louise. Joker Co.. Universal Studio. Hollywood, Cal. Figman. Max. Jesse Lasky Co.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City. Fielding. Eomaine. Lubin Co.. Pike's Peak Studios. Colorado Springs. Colo.

Field. Crn . Thanlinnser Co.. Now Bnr-liclle. N. Y.

Ciiih .-nil, I 1.1 J,.. I il,..Miie Ave.. Orange, N. J.

Cruz,.. .Mail. PHinliiT Cii, Saiila I'aula, Cal.

Cruze. James. Thanhouser Co.. New Rochelle, N. Y.

Cummings, Irving, Thanhouser Co.. New Rochelle, N. Y.

Cummings. Ralph. Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal.

Cunard, Grace, Universal Co,, Hollywood. Cal.

Curtiss, Allen, Universal Co.. Hi)llywood, Cal.

Daintry. Isabel, Royal Co.. 4."ino Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Daly, .Tames L., Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Daly, Wm. R., Screen Club. 165 W, 47th St,, New York City.

Residence. 205 W. 94th .St . New York City. Daly. .Tos.. Life Photo F. Cmii , mi' \v mist St.. New York City. Dana, Viola, Edison Co., 27.' 1 i ! \ . Orange, N. J. Darkfeather, Prmcess, Kalem ' , i j:;rd St.. New York City.

Darmond, Grace, Selig Co.. i IM . Los Angeles. Cal.

Darnell, Jean, Thanhouser Cn - . i. > , N. Y.

Darwell. Jane, Jesse Lasky dr. l,,,iiKa i,. Jlu-atre, New York City, Davis. Will S., Ranco F. Co.. New York City.

Davidson, Max, Komic Comedies, Keystone Studio. Los Angeles. Cal,

Davenport. Alice T.. Keystone Co., Los Angeles. Cal.

Davenport. Dorothy. Universal Co.. Hollywood. Cal.

Dawley. J. Searle. Famous Players. 213 W. 26th St.. New York City,

Dayton. Frank. Essanay Co.. 1333 Argyle St.. Chicago. 111.

De Felice. Charlotta. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y.

De Forrest, Chas.. Crystal F. Co.. 430 Claremont Pkwy.. New York City.

Delanev. Leo. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y.

Declrv. Ben. Oz F JlfK Co, jr.ini,-a Blvd, T.ns Angeles. Cal.

111. i:. -iiir K,.|i:ii.r.,. 1'.. \\,.\]'.V I I'.il

]ii I : I, , , . . ; : , ;. , - Inrk City.

I'. I , . 1 . , 1 1 v., I , ,, SI,. New York City.

1 1. 1. I . 1.1' ' .. . i.iii I 1. 1.. ri .. . . N. '.v \ork City.

1 II 1 1 ago 111.

De Kiisselli. Rex. Universal Co,, Hollywood, Cal, De Shon, Sabra. Eclair Co.. Tucson. Ariz.

DeSola. Marie. Hepworth Am F. ^nrn no w, toth St,, New York City,

De Vornon. D.. Thanhouser Co.. New Rochelle. N. T.

DeWolff. Edwin. Jr.. Lubin Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.

DeWolff. Mary. Lubin Co.. care L. B. Carleton. Philadelphia. Pa.

DeWolff. Dorothy. Lubin Co.. care Jos. W. Smilev. Philadelphia. Pa.

DeWolff. J. H.. Lubin Co., 2947 Bambrey St., Philadelphia, Pa.

DeWolff, Edwin, Sr.. Lubin Co.. care Harry C. Meyers, Philadelphia, Pa,

Dickenson, A. T.. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St,, New York City.

Dillon, Bdw.. Reliance Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Dillon, Jack, Reliance Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Dimond, Bushnell, 400 S. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

I 1 , . I . .. -,! .... . - 1 l;ud.. Los Angeles, Cal.

I 1. 1 ... 1. 1 I . 1 . ' . II.. u-,,od. Cal.

|. M,. , \ , 1 ,1,, -iiii„.t Blvd. Los Angeles. Cal.

Fi-,'iii.i . 1 iia-. - :;ii w '..'4111 SI , I'ork City.

Fisher. Harry. Jesse Lasky Co.. Luneaere Bldg., New York City.

Filson. A. W.. Selig Polyscope Co.. Los Angeles, Cal.

Fitzgerald. Dallas. Hotel Continental, 141 W. 116th St., New York City. - erakl. Cissy. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y.

l,.s. .\I,,Mis, ri,iv,.r.al Co, ll„llvuo,„l, Cal,

\ I .. 1 1... .11 Ml. Ill,, Hollywood. Cal.

I,. \ 1,1. I iiivir.-ai Miiili,,. Hollywood. Cal, I Keiiaiice Co.. t luversal ."studio. Hollywood. Cal,

lliaiihouser Co.. New Rochelle. N. Y. -I riianhouser Co.. New Rochelle. N. Y.

1 M. ii I lianhouser Co.. New Rochelle. N. Y. I Mill, 1,,, lijiiversal Co,. Hollywood. Cal. Fo.\e. Kail A,. Selig Polyscope. Residence. 350 W. 4eth St.. New York City.

France. Alec B.. Eclair Co.. Tucson. Ariz.

Franev. Wm,. Comedy Co.. Universal Studio. Hollywood. Cal. Fralich. Allan. Kalian To.. 235 W, 23rd St,. New York City. French, rii i K ii. in i , 235 W. 23rd St,. New lork City, Fraunholz i n i (.'o.. Ft. Lee. N. J.

Prazer. Id i i.i. i ., lucson. Ariz. Fuller, 11 In, Hollywood, Cal,

Furev. l- n i . ...[i,- i ,, , I.n.s ,\ngeles. Cal,

Gaden. .\i. i . - . . .m. n , n i iul,. New York City.

Gail. Jan, . , , m . i m

Gaillard, K \ i i. , \ Y.

Gane. Nnl.n i . n i. . . . . .... x K . i,.|k.. N. \,

Gallatin, .mim m.i, \iia^i,inli i "., r.rnnki n, N, Y. Gamble, lioht, L., Allouna, I'a.

Gamble. Fred. American li , Co,. Santa Barbara. Cal,

Garrison. Blake G.. 145 W. 45th St.. NiW York City.

Garwood. Wm.. American F. Co.. care 31 f S. Olive St,. Los AngL^Ies. Cal.

Gaskill. Chas, L,. Tappan, N. Y.

Gasniere. Louis. Pathe Freres. 1 Congresf St.. J<>rsev City. N. J.

Gates. Harvey H.. 408 Audubon Ave., f ew York City.

Gaudio. G.. 2340 Crotona Ave.. New lirk City.

Gausman. J. A.. 601 W. 47th St., Nev York City.

Garcia. Ernest Al.. Bosworth Co.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Garcia. Alberta. Bosworth Co.. Los Anceles. Cal.

Gallagher. Rav. Powers Co.. Universal otudio. Hollywood. Cal.

Gaston, May, Reliance Co., iioiiywooa, (jai.

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

45

Gartrell, Horace, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz. George. Adel, Lubin Co., Pliiladelpliia, Pa. George, Berton. Lubin Co., Ptiiladelpliia, Pa.

Gerhardt. J. H., Dramatic Jlirror, 145 W. 45tli St., New Torlc City.

Hesidence, 150 Moffat St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Gerrard, Douglas. Kalem Co., care Pliotoplayers' Club. Los Angeles, Cal. Geleng. Louis. ISSOo Detract Ave.. Cleveland, O. Gereghty, Frank, Thanhcuser Co., New Kochelle, N. Y. Gauntier. Gene, Gene Gauntier Fea. Plays, 515 W. 54tli St.. New York

City.

Genthe. Arnold. Eellance Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Gettinger, Billy, Universal Co.. Hollywood, Cal.

Gibbs, Paton K., All Star Corp., 220 W. 42nd St., New York City.

Giegerich, J. C, 1515 E. 9tli St., Brooklyn. N. Y.

Gibbs, Frederick, Thanhouser Co., New Eochelle. N. Y.

Gilford, Ada, Titagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Gillett, Billy. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

Gillett. K. E., Pelham Manor, New York City.

Gillmore, Helen. Famous Players. 213 W. 26th St., New York City.

Gish. Dorothy. Majestic Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal

Gish, LilUan, Majestic Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Ghione. Emilio, Geo. Kl^ine, 166 S. State St., Chicago. 111.

Goetz, Ben, Crj-stal F. Co.. Wendover and Park Ave.. New York City.

Gondolfl, Alfredo, 304y2 Sherman Ave., Jersey City, N. J.

Goodwin. Jack. 425 W. 57th St., New York City.

Gordon, James, Screen Club, 165 W. 47th St., New York City.

Gordon, Harris, PieiTot F. Co., care Screen Club. New York City.

Gordon, Julia S., Titagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Gonzales, Myrtle, Titagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Gottlieb, Cyril, Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

Gleason. Adda. Selig Polyscope Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Glennon. Herbert, Oz F. Mfg. Co., Monica Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal.

Gould, Miss Bobbie, Oz F. Mfg. Co., Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

Graham, Cecil C, Midgar Fea., 133 W. 44th St., New York City.

Graham, Arthur B., 412 West End Ave., New York City.

Graham. Chas. E., Screen Club, New York City.

Graham. Adel. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Graham J. C, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Graham, Geo., Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Graig, Nell. Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J.

Grandon, Ethel, Rex Film Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Grant. A^alentlne, Warner's Fea., 145 W. 45th St., New York City.

Granville, May. Universal Co.. Hollywood. Cal.

Gray. Bettie, Biograph Co., 11 E. 14th St., New York City.

Gray. Violet. Thanhouser Co.. New Kochelle. N. Y.

Gregory. Mildred. Lubin Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.

Gregory. Carl L.. 301 Huguenot St., New Kochelle. N. Y.

Gregory. Fanna, Thanhouser Co.. New Hoclielle, N. Y.

Greene, Walter E., 1018 Colonial Bldg., Boston. Mass.

Greene. Campton, Lubin Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.

Greene. Cley M., Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Greenwood. Winnifred, American F. Co., Santa Barbara, Cal.

Greeson, Elsie, Selig Polyscope Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Grey, Phyllis, Titagraph Co., Brooklyn, N.. Y.

Grey, Jane. Famous Players. 213 W. 26th St., New York City.

Gripp, Harry, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Griffen, Frank C, Lubin Co., care Screen Club, New York City.

Grimmer, Frank A., Thanhouser Co., New Eochelle, N. Y.

Gronell. Alfred. Essanav Co . l.ISS A'-'n-lc St . Chf-ap'o. Ti],

Guinchi, Lea. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Gunning, Fred, Apt. 22. 130 W. 47th St.. New York City.

Gsell. Harry. Warner's Fea.. Inc.. 145 W. 45th St., New York City.

Hackett. Florence. Lubin Co. Studio. Philadelphia. Pa.

Haddock, Wm. F., 1570 E. 15th St., Flatbush, N. Y.

Hadley, Bert, Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

Hadley. Hopp. 35 Ft. Washington Ave.. New York City.

Hale, Albert, Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

Hale, Allen, Biograph Co., care Screen Club, New York City.

Hale, Creighton, The Eclectic Co., 110 W. 40th St., New York City.

Hale. Walter, Sawyer Film Co., 1600 Broadway, New York City.

Hallam. Henry. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

Hall, Edw. G., Screen Club, New York City.

Hall, Donald, Titagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Hall. Lindsay J.. 225 W. 22nd St.. New York City.

Hall. J. L.. Eclair Co.. Tucson, Ariz.

Hall. Ella, Nestor Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood. Cal.

Hall, Bobert. Eclair Co., Tucson. Ariz.

Hall, Franklyn. Selig Polyscope Co.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Hand. M. J., Eclair Co.. Tucson. Ariz.

Handworth. Octavia. Excelsior Fea. F. Co.. 105 W. 40th St.. New York City.

Handworth, Henry, Excelsior Fea. F. Co.. 105 W. 40th St.. New York City.

Handvside, Clarence. All Star Fea. Coi-p., 220 W. 42nd St., New York City.

Hanford, Eoy, Inter-Continent F. Co., 110 W. 40th St.. New York City.

Hamel. Edna. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Ave. Orange, N. J

Hamilton. J.. N. Y. M. P. Co.. Lonua"re BUlg , New York City.

Hamilton, Lloyd T., Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St. New York City.

Hamilton. Shorty, N. Y. M. P. Co , Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

Harris. .Joseph. Beauty F. Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., I.os Anreles. Cal.

Harris. Mildred, N. Y. M. P. Co.. Longacre Bldg., New York City.

Harris, J., Am. F. Mfg. Co., Santa Barbara, Cal.

Hartigan, P. C, Pathe Freres. 1 Congress St... .Jersey City. N. J.

Harding, John, care Ambrosic-Amer. Co.. New York City.

Harding. Thos. . Nestor Co. Studio. Bayonne. N. J.

Harding. Albert. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

Harron, Eobert, Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

Hastings, Carey L.. Thanhouser Co.. New Eochelle, N. Y.

Hawley. Ormle. Lubin Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.

Hastings. Bettv. Kenmore Apts.. 1817 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Hauck. Eoy. Thanhouser Co.. New Eochelle. N. Y.

Hayakawa. Sessue. N. Y. M. P. Co., Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

Hayes. Sidney. Lubin Co.. 4550 Pasadena Ave.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Haynes, Miss. Bosworth Co.. los Angeles. Cal.

Hazelton. .Joe. Selig Polyscope Co.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Heame. K. G.. Eclair Co.. Tucson, Ariz.

Hedlund, Guy. Hadlyme. Conn.

Hedwig. Willia. 184 Arlington Ave., ..Jersey City. N. J.

Henegan. Jas. T.. 18 W. 107th St.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Hennessy, Geo., 618 Bryson Bldg., Los Angeles. Cal.

Henley. Hobart. Imp Co.. care Screen Club. New York City.

Henry. Jenet. Thanhouser Co., New Eochelle, N. Y

Henry. E. J.. Famous Players. 213 W. 26th St.. New York City.

Henry. Gale. Nestor Co. . Universal Studio. Ho'lywood, Cal.

Herbert. Lillian. Titagranh Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Hemer, Tiolet, Mohawk F. Co.. Times Bldg.. New York City.

Herbling. F.. Eclair Co.. Tucson. Ariz.

Hesperia. Helen. Warner's Fea. Co.. 145 W. 45th St., New York City. Hevener. Gerald, Lubin Co.. Jacksonville. Fla. Hickman. Chas.. Powers Co.. Universal Studio. Hollywood. Cal. Hitchcock. Eex. Titagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Hite, C. J., Thanhouser Co., New Eochelle, N. Y. Hoffman, Euhy, Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J. Hoffman, Hugh, Moving P. World, 17 Madison Ave., New York City. Holmes, Rapley, Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago, 111. Holmes, Gerda, Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago, 111 Holmes, Helen. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Holland. Herman. McKabb Ball F. Corp., 7077 Metropolitan. New York City.

Holliday. F. E.. Gaumont Co.. Flushing. L. I.. N. Y.

HoUingsworth. A.. Eclair Co.. Tucson, Ariz.

HoUister. Alice. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

HoUister. Geo.. Jr.. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

Holliway, Jack, Eclair Co.. Tucson, Ariz.

HoUiway, Carol. Eclair Co., Tucson. Ariz.

Holden. Wm.. Lubin Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.

Ilnm.'s, smart, Kaiiin Co, \v 101st St.. New York City.

H.,t., \-:',, . , i;i,..,i--vn. N. Y.

II" : ) > \i ! . .-,49 Peoples Gas Bldg., Cliicago, 111.

I i ' i; 1S.55 7th Ave., New York City.

w I. I . - - - "iiviUe, Fla. 111. I' ^ II : ' \i: I I Co.. 110 W. 40th St.. New York City.

II..!. .1 I .... . ,!,,. ksonviUe. Fla. II. . I ' ' ' , Hollywood. Cal.

11.. ' I . , , ,'(... New Eochelle. N. Y.

II. . . 1,1..., Philadelphia, Pa.

lii.ii . \. I .I1-..I1 Co,. 275 Lakeside Ave.. Orange, N. J.

II i.ii Co. Universal Studio, Hollywood. Cal.

II.. I ., lA'lair Co.. Tucson. Ariz.

II. .|. I . I .'ic, W. 135th St.. New Y'ork City.

II. .. ' I . lair "Kid." Tucson. Ariz.

II. I M ' i.iir Co.. Tucson, Ariz.

II.. . I i: i.„n Co.. New York City.

II'. \. V '.aiintier Studio. 515 W. 54th St.. New York City.

II. I Ihanhouser Co., New Eochelle, N. Y.

IIii II Krx Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Hull, ,1.1. HI,,,, l.iiliin Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.

Hull. L.iuisc. Lubin Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.

Huhn. Austin. E.xcelsior Co.. Lake Placid. N. T.

Hulette. Gladys. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Ave.. Orange. N. J.

Hullifer, Tom. Am. F. Co.. Santa Barbara. Cal.

Hunt. Chas., Eclair Co.. Tucson. Ariz.

Hunt, Fay, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Hunt, Irene, Majestic Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Hunt. J.. N. Y. M. P. Corp.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

Huntly. Fred, Selig Polyscope Co., Los Angeles. Cal.

Huntlv, Laurv. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Hunter, Arthur, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Hunter, Hayes. 600 W. 178th St.. New York City.

Huntington, Helen. AlbuQuerque F. Co., Los Angeles, CaL

Humphrey, Jane. Lubin Co.. St. Augustine. Fla.

Humphrey. Minnie, Titagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Humphrey, Wm. A., Titagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y.

Hurst, Paul C, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Hutchinson, James, 600 W. 178th St., New York City.

Hutton, Leona, N. Y. M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg., New York City.

Hurley. .Julia E., All Star Fea. Corp., 220 W. 42nd St., New York City.

Ince, John E., Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Ince, Ralph W., Bright Water, L. I., N. Y.

Incc. Thos. H., N. Y. M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg., New York City.

Ingraham. Harrish, Whitman Features, 257 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Iverv, Dr. Wm. J., 343 W. 46th St., New York City.

Jacobs, Arthur D., 30 Union Square. New York City.

James, Gladden. Titagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y.

Jeanette. Nell, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Jefferson, Thos.. 140 Wadsworth Ave.. New York City.

Jefferson, Wm. W., 119 W. 71st St., New York City.

Jensen, Eulalie, Titagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Johnson. Tefft. Titagraph Co., Brooklyn. N. Y.

Jones. Wm. C. N. Y. Athletic Club, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Johnson, Arthur, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Jenkins. Geo. A., 5 E. 42nd St., New York City.

Jones, Morgan. Princess Co.. Mutual Studio. Jms Angeles, Cal.

.lohnston, W. A., M. P. News. 220 W. 42nd St., New York City.

.Johnston, .L W., Jesse Lasky Co., 235 W 23rd St., New York City,

lose. Edward. Eclectic Co., Times Bldg., New York City.

.Tolubar. Allen J., Classic Fea. Co., Friars Club, New York Ciity.

Joste, Robert, 416 W. 33rd St., New York City,

Journon. H. C. 225 W. 42nd St.. New York City.

Joyce, Alice, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Judson. G. C. M. P. World. New York City.

.Julian, Rupert. Rex Co.. Universal Studio. IJollywood. Cal.

Kaiii, <:.'. i: . rare Screen Club. New York City.

K: .1 . 1.' l.ubin Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.

K .1 . > \ . Famous Players. 213 W. 26th St.. New York City.

K"|. |.. I ^.i.iKraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. K....! M l!.. I .i..iii Co., St. Augustine, Fla.

Kcrnaii, ilanv H.. New York M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg., New York

Kcene, .Tames A., United Keanograph F. Mfg. Co., Fairfax, Cal. Keesey. Thos. R., Advance M. P. Co., Edgecomb PI., Chicago, 111. Keeper, Harry L., 1713 E. 14th St., Brooklyn. N. Y. Kelety. Julia D.. Primagraph F. Co.. Times Bldg.. New York City. Keller. E. M.. Universal Co.. Hollywood. Cal.

Iveller, John. N. Y. M. P. Corp.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City. Kcllcrer. Dav, Thanhouser Co., New Eochelle, N. Y. Kelly. Louise. Advance M. P. Co., Edgecomb PI. Chicago, 111. R, ,i.lrii.v, ,-,r,ii FullcTton Pkwy., Chicago, 111.

K.li'. I' ili'. Niiiui iil I'o,. Brooklyn, N. Y.

K.I I > ' , Brooklyn, N. Y.

K. I . II 1 . , Philadelphia, Pa.

K. I M \ , , . . , 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal.

K. ! I 1 1 Court. 207th St. and Post Ave.. New York City.

K.'i I : 1. ,,iniie Co. Studio. Los Angeles. Cal.

K. > \l . 110 W. 40th St.. New York City.

K. i i: . . iiance. M. P. Co.. Edgecomb PI, Chicago, 111.

K. I I I . V I i^-iaph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y.

Kiiii, .siaiil. i.iii, I'laygoers F. Co., Lyric Theatre, New York City. KerriKaii. Wairen, Universal Co., care Screen Club, New York City. Kessel. A., Jr., 251 W. 19th St.. New York City. Kessel, Chas., N. Y. M. P Corp., Longacre Bldg., New Y'ork City. Kibby. Estelle, Famous Players, 213 W 26th St., New York City. Kilgannon, James, Aetna F. Co., Longacre Bldg., New York City. King, .loe. Joker Co.. Universal Studio, Hollywood. Cal. King. Chas. R., 262 W. 24th St., New York City.

46

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

Kingsley. Pierce. 207 W. 109th St., New York City.

Kingsley, Florida, Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Cliicago. III.

Kingston, Winifred, Jesse Lasky Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Kirkland, Hardee, care Lambs Club, New York City.

Kirke, Ollie, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Kirkwood, James. Famous Players. 213 W. 26th St.. New York City.

Kirtley, Virginia. Usona F. Co.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Knowland, AUce, Eclair Co.. Tucson, Ariz.

Knowland, Walter, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Knowles, Harry, care Screen Club, New York City.

Kotini, Henry, N. Y. M. P. Corp.. Longacre Bldg., New York City.

Kraus. M. A., 14 E. 17th St., New York City.

Kunkel. Geo., Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kyle, Wra.. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

LaBadie, Florence, Thanhouser Co.. New Kochelle. N. Y.

LaCroix, Emile. Witmans Fea., Cliffside, N. J.

Laemmle, Carl, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Laidlaw. Roy. N. Y. M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

Lancaster, John, Sellg Polyscope Co., Los Angeles. Cal.

Lane, Adele, Mutual Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Lane, Geo.. 2863 W. 20th St.. Coney Island, N. Y.

Lang, Peter M.. Apartment 73. 200 Manhattan Ave.. New York City.

Langdon. LiUian, Blograph Co., 11 E. 14th St., New York City.

Lanning, Geo., Aetna Fihn Co.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

Lambert. Clara, Lubin Co.. St. Augustine, Fla.

LaRano, Dick, Jesse Lasky Co., Longacre Bldg.. New York City. Larkin, Dolly, Lubin Co.. 4550 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles. Cal. Larkin, Geo.. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Laughlin, Anna. Life Photo F. Coi-p.. 102 W. 101st St., New York City. Lawrence. Florence. Victor Co., Universal Studio. Hollywood. Cal. Lawrence, Frank, 344 Lenox Ave., New York City. LanTence, W. E.. Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal. Lawrence, Mae, care Morning Telegraph, New York City. LaSalle. Kathylyn. Life Photo F. Corp.. 102 W. 101st St., New York City. Law. Burton, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Learn. Bessie, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. Lederer, Gretchen, N. Y. M. P. Corp.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City. Lederer, Otto. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y. Lehman. Henry. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Lehnberg, J. H., Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y. Leighton, Lillian B., SeUg Polyscope Co., Los Angeles, Cal. Leonard. Bob, Universal Co., Hollywood. Cal. Leonard, Geo.. 135_ Broadway. New York City.

Leonard. Marion. Warner's

^. 130 W. 46th St..

Lerida. Florence. Gaumont So.. 110 W. 40th St., New York Cit: LeSaint, E. J., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal. Leslie, Arthur R., Elmwood Hotel, East Orange, N. J. Leslie. LilUe, Lubin Co.. Residence. 1221 VV. Lehigh Ave., Phil Pa..

Leslie. Richard, Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y. Lesser, Sol L.. 234 Eddy St.. San Francisco, Cal. Lessey, Geo. A.. 1731 W. 9th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Lester. Louise, Am. Film Co.. Santa Barbara, Levering. Joseph M., Gaumont Co., Flushing,

York City.

Cal.

nv Yor City.

Levine, H. Z., 233 W. 115th St., New York City. Leviness. Carl M., Reliance Co., Hollywood, Cal. Lewis. Edgar, 400 W. 57th St., New York City. Lewis, Tracey H., 1493 Broadway, New York City. Lewis, Frank, Reliance Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Lewis. Jessie, Mutual Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. C Lewis, Ralph, Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles, Cal Libby. H. F., Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Lichtman. Al., Famous Players. Times Bldg., New York City. Lincoln. E. K., Vitgraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Lincoln Joseph, Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City. Lingham, Thos.. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St., New York City Linson. Harry, Thos. Edison, 239 Lakeside Ave., Orange. N. J. Lloyd. Ethel, Vitagraph Co , Brooklyn. N. Y. Loewenthal. Bernard, Commer. M. P. Co., 102 W. 101st St.. City.

Loftus. Cecelia, Warner's Fea., Inc., 145 W. 45th St.. New Yoi London, Samuel H., 35 Ft. Washington Ave., New York City. Long, W. H., Reliance Co , 29 Union Square, New York City. Lorimer, Elsa, SeUg, Kinema Color, Dramatic Mirror, New York City. Lorlmore, Alec. Gaumont Co.. 110 W. 40th St., New York City. Lonsdale, Harry. Selig Polyscope. Los Angeles, Cal. Louis. Will. 3651 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Lubin. Siegmund, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Lucas, Wilfred, Universal Co., 5821 Carlton Way, Hollywood, Cal. Lund. O. A C. Eclair Co.. 225 W. 22nd St., New York City. Luther, Anna, Lubin Co. or Majestic Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa. Lupi, Ingazio, Geo. Kleine, 226 W. 42nd St., New York City. Lyon. Frank. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Ave.. Orange. N. J. Lyons. Eddie, Nestor Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal. Lyston, Mrs.. Universal Co.,- Hollywood, Cal. Lytton, L. R., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

MacCaun. Geraldine, Crystal Co.. 430 Claremont Pkwy., New York Ci MacDermott. Marc. Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. Mack, Harry, Solax Co., Ft. Lee. N. J.

Mackey. Enid, Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal. Macklin. Albert, Lubin Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.

Mackin, John E., Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Mackley, Arthur. Reliance Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal. Mackley, Mrs.. Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal. MacLeod. Elsie. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. Macnamara, Walter, Macnamara F. Co., 145 W. 45th St.. New Y( City.

Macomas, B. M., Comedy Co., Keystone Studio. Los Angeles. Cal.

MacQuarrie. Murdock, Universal Co., Hollywood. Cal.

Madison, Cleo, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Maguie. Harry. Albuquerque F. Co.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Maison, Edna, Universal Co.. Hollywood. Cal.

Malson. Elsie. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

Mahan. Jn. W., 382 Wadsworth Ave., New York City.

Makarenko, Daniel. Lubin Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.

Maloney, Leo D.. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., .N'ew York City.

Manning, Joe. Thos. Edison, Inc., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange. N. J.

Mann. Frankie, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Mansfield, Lenora. Eclair Co.. Tucson. Ariz.

Mansfield. Ann. Eclair Co.. Tucson. Ariz.

Manzini. Italia. Italia P. Co., 1011 Candler Bldg., New York City. Manzini, Emerigo, Italia F. Co.. 1011 Candler Bldg., New York Ci Marangoni. Gina. Italia F. Co.. 1011 Candler Bldg.. New York City. Marc. Ahce. All Star Fea. Corp.. 220 W. 42nd St., New York City. Mareoni, Mrs.. Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal. Markie, Fannie, N. Y. M. P. Corp.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City. Marten, Helen, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz. Marten. F., Eclair Co., Tucson. Ariz.

Marsh. Mae W.. Majestic Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los' Angeles. Cal.

Marshall. Boyd, Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles, Cal.

Mason, Billy. Essanay Co.. 1333 Argyle St.. Chicago. 111.

Mason. Dan, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Mason, Frank, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Mather, Charles, Thanhouser Co., New Rochelle, N. Y.

Matthews, Arthur, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa

Mayo, A. F., 540 W. 21st St., New York City.

Mayo, Christine, Aetna P. Co., Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

Mayall, Hershell. Broncho Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles, Cal.

McCabe, May, All Star Fea. Corp., 220 VV. 42nd St., New York City.

McCloskey, Brooks, Lubm Co.. Philadelphia, P?-

McCoy. Gertrude. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Avv Orange. N. J

McCormack, W. F.. 256 Broadway, New York City.

McChesney, L. W., Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

McCuUem, Bartley, Lubin Co., 4500 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.

McCuUough, Mr., Selig Polyscope. Los Angeles, Cal.

McDonald, Jack, SeUg Polyscope, Los Angeles, Cal.

McDowell^ Claire, Biograph Co., 32nd St., Whitestone Landing, L. I.,

McGee,' Morris, 317 W. 46th St., New York City. McGill, Lawrence, All Star Fea. Co., Candler Bldg., New York City. McGovern, Elmer J., G. N. Y. Mo. P. Corp.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

McGovern. Albert. Pathe Freres. 1 Congress St., Jersey City. N. J

McGowan. Hughie. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn. N. Y.

McGowan. J. P.. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

McKee. Lafayette. Seiig Polyscope. Los Angeles, Cal.

McKee, Raymond, Lubin Co., PliUadelphia, Pa.

McRae, Henry, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

McRae, Bruce, Famous Players, 213 W. 26th St., New York City. McRae, Duncan, Edison Co., care of Friars Club, London, Eng. Mead, Lydia, Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y. Melville, Wilbert, Lubin Co., Pliiladelphia, Pa. Melville, Geo., Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. Melchior, Louis, Gaumont Co., 110 W. 40th St., New York City. Merserau, Violet, Famous Players, 213 W. 26th St., New York City. Meredyth, Bess, Victor Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal. Messick, Jack, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New Yoit City. Metcalfe, Earle, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Midgley, Enid. N. Y. M. P. Corp, Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

Miles, David, Hotel Cumberland, New York City.

Miles. Herbert. 145 W. 45th St.. New York City.

Miles. J. R., Exclusive S. Co., 220 W. 42nd St., New York City.

Millarde, Harry, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Miller, Ashley, 2826 Decatur Ave., New York City.

Miller, Walter, Universal Co., care of Morning Telegraph, New York City. Milligan. Wendell P., Billboard, New York City.

Mills, Thos. R.. Vitagraph Co., care of Screen Club. New York City. Mitchell. Howard M., Lubin Co.. residence 1813 Porter St.. Philadelphia.

Mitchelle. Rea. N. Y. M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg., New York City.

Mindll. Phillip, 29 Union Square, W., New York City.

Middleton, Edw.. Apartment 69. 200 Manhattan Ave., New York City.

Michelene, Beatriz, Cal. M. P. Co.. San Rafael, Cal.

Mix. Tom. Selig Polyscope. Los Angeles, Cal.

Modjeska, FeUx. International Fea. F. Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Monley, Frederick, Advance M. P. Co., Edgecomb Place, Chicago, 111.

Monroe, James E., care of H. R. Law. 502 W. 38th St., Yonkers, N. Y.

Montage, Fred, Jessie Lasky Co.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

Moon, Big. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

Moore. Frank. Oz F. Mfg. Co.. Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal

Moore, Mat., Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Moore, Mary, Whitman Fea. Co., Cliffside. N. J.

Moore, Owen, ReUance Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Moore, Tom, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Morris, Flora, Hepworth Am. F. Co., 110 W. 40th St., New York City.

Morris, Richard, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Morris, Stuart W. R.. Lubin Co.. Philadelphia, Pa

Morrison, Arthur, Progress F. Co., World's Tower Bldg., New York City. Morrison, James, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Moran, Lee, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Mortcrief, Edward. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Morey, Harry. Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn. N. Y. Mortimer, Edwin. Universal Co.. Hollywood. Cal. Morton, Walter, Box 308, Edgewater, N. J.

Morrow, Elmer, N. Y. M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg.. New York City

Morrow, Jane. Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Moses, A. H., Jr., Thanhouser Co., New Rochelle. N. Y.

Mullen. Eugene, Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Murray, J. S.. Thanhouser Co.. New Rochelle. N. Y

Muth. Dr. Geo. H.. Aeolian Bldg.. W. 42nd St.. New York City.

Musgrave. Lon, Oz F. Mfg. Co.. Monica Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal.

Musson. Bennett, care of Screen Club, New York City.

Myers, Harry C, Universal Co.. Hollywood. Cal.

Myles. M. A., Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Nansen. Betty. Great Northern F. C, 7 E. 14th St., New York City. Nash. Geo., All Star Fea. Corp.. 220 W. 42nd St., New York City. Navarre, Victor, Baumont Co.. 110 W. 40th St.. New York City. Neil. Richard R.. Edison Co., care of Lambs Club. New York City. Neill. R. R., 2676 Decatur Ave.. New York City.

Nelson, Arthur J., Warner's Fea. Co., 130 W. 42nd St., New York City. Nelson, Betra, Italia F. Co., 1011 Candler Bldg., New York City.

Hotel St. James, 109 W. 45th St., New York City. NeMoyer, Marguerite. Lubin Co., Jacksonville, Fla. NeMoyer, Frances E.. Lubin Co., Jacksonville, Fla.

Nesbitt. Mirian. Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. Residence,

Newton, Marie, Biograph Co., 32nd St., Whitestone Landing, L. I.. N. Y.

Newton, Jack L., Victor Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Nichols, Geo. 0., KayBee Co., Santa Monica, Cal.

Nickolaus, Jn. M., Nestor Co.. Universal Studio. Hollywood, Cal.

Nillson, Alec, 165 E. 89th St., New York City.

Nilsson, Anna Q., Kalem Co., 235 W. 28rd St., New York City.

Noble, John W., care of Screen Club, New York City.

Noel, Billy. Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y.

Nolan, Walter, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Norman, Gertrude, Eclectic Co., 110 W. 40th St., New York City.

North, Wilfred, 204 W. 79th St., New York City.

Norris. Ed., Victor Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood. Cal.

Norton, Albert, Thanhouser Co., New Rochelle, N. Y.

Norton, Steven S.. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Noto, Louis M., 222 W. 42nd St., New York City.

Novelli. Anthony, Geo. Kleine, 166 S. State St., Chicago, III.

Nye. Oscar, Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

Oakman. Wheeler, Selig Polyscope, Los Angeles, Cal.

O'Beck, Henrietta. Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

O'Brien, Thos., Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

Obstfleld, Heni-y. Apeda Studio, 102 W. 35th St., New York City.

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

47

O'Coninor, Edw., Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. 1.

O'Connor, Loyola. Yltagraph Co.. Brooltlyn. N. Y.

Odowd, Berty, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Oes, Ingrald G., 110 W. 40th St.. New York City.

Offeman, Emile, 225 W. 42nd St.. New York City.

Ogle. Charles. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Aye.. Orange, N. J.

Olcott, Sidney. Warner's Fea.. 130 W. 46th St., New York City.

Oldknow. Wm., Atlanta, Ga.

O'Moore, Barry, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. O'Nell, Frank, Titagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. O'Neill, James, Solas Co., Ft. Lee, N. J.

O'Neill, Wm. J., Victor Co., Universal Studio, Los Angeles, Cal. Orth, Louise. Biograph Co., 1046 41st St., Brooklyn, N. Y. O'SuUlvan, Anthony. 807 E. 107th St., New York aty. Otis, Elita Proctor. Live Phto. F. Corp., 102 W. 101st St.. New York City.

" ~" " ^ 1046 41st St., Brooklyn, N. Y. :o., Hollywood, Cal. Panzer, Paul, Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey City. N. J. Parsons, Wm. E., Lubln Co., 4550 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. Pates, S'ivian B.. Universal. Hollywood, Cal. Paton, Stuart, Imp Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal. Paul, Tal, Bison Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal. Pastor, J. J., 331 E. 33rd St., New York City. Payne, Edna, Eclair Co.. Tucson. Ariz. Pearce, Tehna, Keystone Co. Studio, Los Angeles, Cal. Pearson, T., Pathe Freres. 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J. Pearson, Virginia. Famous Players, 213 W. 26th St.. New York City. Pcgg. Vester. Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal. Pen, Edw. J., Luliin Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Penn, M. 0., Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St.. Jersey City. N. J. Perlolat. Geo., Victor Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal. Peters. Jack, Eoyal Co., 4500 Simset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal. Pickford. Mary. Famous Players. 213 W. 26th St., New York City. Pickford. Lottie, Famous Players, 213 W. 26th St., New TTork City. Pickford, Jack, Griffith Films, Los Angeles. Cal. Pierlot. Francis, Excelsior Co., Lake Placid, N. T. Phillippi, Chief, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. PhllUps, Dorothy, Victor Co, Universal Studio. Hollywood. Cal. PhlUlps. Norma, Mutual Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles, Cal. PhilUps, Ethel, Life Photo F. Corp., 110 W. 40th St., New Y'ork City. Phillips, Augustus, Edison Co., care Screen Club, New Y'ork City. Physioc, Lewis W., Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J. Physioc, Wray, 502 W. 38th St., New York City. Pollard. Harrv, Am. F. Co., Santa Barbara, Cal. Potel, Victor A., Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago, 111. Powers, P. A., 126 W. 46th St., New York City. PoweU, Frank, Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J. Foynter, Beulah, Hector F. Co., 165 E. 89th St., New York City. Playtor. Wellington. Gerard Hotel. New York City. Plympton. Horace G.. 11 Frances PI.. Monte Clair, N. J. Pratt, John H., AU Star Fea. Co., 220 W. 42nd St., New York City. Prescott, Vivian, Crystal F, Co., 430 Claremont Pkwy., New York City. PresteU, Mae, Aetna Film Co., Longacre Bldg., New York City. Price, Kate, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn. N. Y. Prior. Herbert. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange. N. J. Proctor, Geo. B., M. P. News. 220 W. 42nd St.. New Y'ork City. Purdee. Stephan. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City. Purdon, Kichard. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City. Quinn, Alan, Lubln Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Quirk. BiUy, Vitagraph Co., care Screen Club, New York City. Baas, Paul, Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago, lU. Eace. John N., Ft. Lee, N. J.

HadcUff, Pomona, N. Y. M. P. Corp.. Longacre Bldg., New York City. Eainford, Marie, Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal. Kanaus, Inez M.. Victor Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood. Cal. Eattenbury. Harry. Joker Co., Universal Studio. Hollywood, Cal. Eauscher. Wm. H., Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Eaver, Harry S., Columbia Theatre, New York City. BawUnson, Herbert, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Eay, Chas., N. Y. M. P. Corp., care Photoplayers' Club, Los Angeles, Cal. Eazeto. Stella. SeUg Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Eea, Mab (Little Miss), Life Photo F. Corp., 102 W. 101st St.. New York City.

Eedmond, Elmera, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz. Eeed, Dr. Ealston, 136 South St., Morrlstown, N. J. Beehm, Geo. E., Eellance Co., HoUywood, Cal. Seid, Wallace, Universal Co.. Hollywood, Cal. Eeid. Walla, Universal Co.. Hollywood, Cal.

Reynolds, Harrington, N. Y. M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg., New York City.

Ehodes, Alice, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Kidgeley, Cleo., Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Eidgeley, Eichard, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange. N. J.

Eichmond. Chas., Jesse Lasky Co., Longacre Bldg., New Y'ork City.

Eick, Vivian, Amer. P. Co., Santa Barbara, Cal.

Eisser, Marguerite. Pathe Freres. 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J.

Eitchey, J. V., 540 W. 21st St., New York City.

Soach, Al., Oz F. Mfg. Co., Monica Blvd.. Los Angeles, Cal.

Eobin, J. E., W. Apt. 26. 418 Central Park, New York City.

Eoberts, Theodore, Jesse Lasky Co., Longacre Bldg., New Y'ork City.

Eobson. Phil. 10 W. 64th St.. New York City.

Bobbins, Wm., Bex Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Eock, J. B., Schiller Bldg., Chicago. 111.

Bock. Wm. F.. Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Eoccardi, Albert, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Bodequez, Edward, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Boekam. E. M., 102 W. 101st St.. New I'ork City.

Eoland, Euth, Balboa FUm Co., 540 W. 21st St., New York City.

Eolands, Geo. K., 954 Hoe Ave., Bronx, N. Y.

Eonbert, Matty, Imp Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Eoseman, E. F., Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Eoss, Benjamin, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City. Boss, Mary. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Eoss. Thos. A., Jesse Lasky Co., Longacre Bldg., New Y'ork City. Bosson, Dick, Apex F. Co., 145 W. 45th St., New York City. Eottman, Victor, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Eouth, Geo., Lubin Co., 4550 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. Bowland. E. A.. 1101 Empire Bldg.. Pittsburgh, Pa. Euby, Miss. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Bussell, Eaymond. Apex F. Co., 145 W. 45th St.. New York City. Eussell. W. F., Thanhouser Co.. New Eochelle. N. Y. Eyan. Sam, Electric Co.. 110 W. 40th St., New York City. Eyan, Joe, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Eyan, Cecil. Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Samt Loup, W. V., Canadian Bioscope Co., Halifax, N. S., Can. Sals, Marian, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Salter, Thelma, Domino Co., 4500 Stmset Blvd., Ims Angeles, Cal.

Sargent, Espes W., Box 70, Madison Sq. P. 0., New Y'ork City. Sargent. Maxwell. SeUg Polyscope Co., Los Angeles, Cal. Sanborne. Laura. Aetna F. Co.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City. Santa. Thos W.. Adv. M. P. Co.. Edgecomb PL, Chicago, 111. Santschi, Tom, Selig Polyscope Co., Los Angeles, Cal. Sampson. Teddy. EeUance Co.. Hollywood, Cal.

Saunders. Alf. M., Colonial M. P. Co.. IS E. 41st St.. New York City. Saunders. Jackie, Balboa Fea. Co., Long Beach, Cal. Sawyer, Laura, Dryeda Co., 213 W. 26th St., New York City. Scanlin, Paul, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Schunn, Harry, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Scranton, E. V. C, Box 195, Brooklyn, N. Y. Scott, Mary, Amer. F. SIfg. Co., Santa Barbara. Cal. Scott, Walter K., Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. Sears, Ira, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Sears, W. G., Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal. Seardon, Paul, 250 Madison Ave., Hasbruck Heights. N. J. Seay, Chas. M., Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J. Sedgwlch, Ed, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Seigel, Bernard, Lubln Co., St. Augustine, Fla. Seay, Wm. E., Imp. Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal. Selbie. Evelyn, Western Essanay, NUes, Cal. Senerens, Lu, Tousey Pub. Co., W. 23rd St., New York City. Sennett, Mack, Keystone Co., Hollywood, Cal., also Longacre Bldg., New Sevicard, Chas., Kay Bee Co., Mutual Studio. Los Angeles. Cal. Seymour. Walter, Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J. York City.

Schade, Betty, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Schultz, Henry G., 1219 Madison Ave., New York City

Shaw, Brinsley, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa

Shaw, Harold M., Screen Club, New York City.

Shay, Wm., Imp Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Shea, Wm., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn. N. Y.

Sherman, Ada., Eclectic Co., 110 W. 40th St., New York City Sherry,, Barney, New York M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg., New York City. Sheerer, Will E., Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz. Sheerer, Mrs. W. E., Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz. Shepard, Iva, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Shields, Ernest, Universal Co., Hollywood. Cal.

Shumway. Elsie. Lubln Co., 4550 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles Cal

Shulter, Ed. 193 Cornelia St.. Brooklyn. N. Y.

Sibole. Douglass. Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa

Siegman, Geo.. 511 W. 138th St., New Y'ork City.

Siegmann. G., Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

Simone, Chas.. 617 Avenue E. Bayonne. N. J.

Sindelar. Pearl. Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N J Sisson, Vera, Victor Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal. Slevln, James, King James Hotel, New Y'ork City. Slevin. L. J.. Tappan, N. Y.

Smaley, Phillips, Bex Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal. Smallwood. Arthur, 18 W. 107th St., New York City. Smallwood, E. C, 224 W. 122nd St., New York City. Smith, A. v., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Smith, Will C. Nicholas Power Co., 90 Gold St., New York City Smith, Sid. Selig Polyscope Co.. Los Angeles. Cal. Smith. Frank P., Lubln Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Smith, Frank, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Smith, Eva, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Smith, Harry, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City Smith, Miss Muriel, Hepworth Am. F. Co., 110 W. 40th St , New York City.

Smiley, John, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Smiley, Joe, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Smiley, Frank, Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Smyth, Thos. V., 408 W. 44th St., New York City.

Snow, Marguerite, Thanhouser Co., New Eochelle, N. Y

Snow. Homer H.. Ramo F. Co., 102 W. 101st St.. New Y'ork City

Snyder. Eaymond, 251 2nd St., Town of Union, N. J.

Snyder, Matt, Herbert Hotel. San Francisco. Cal.

Solter. Harry L., Biverdale Ed.. Westwood. N. J.

Spanuth, H. A.. 145 W, 45th St., New York' City.

Spear, Harry, Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal

Spedon, S. M., Vitagraph Co., BrooMyn, N. Y.

Spencer, Geo. S., Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa

Spencer, E. V., 563 S. Fremont Ave., Los Angeles. Cal

Spmgler. Harry, Life Photo F. Co., 102 W. 101st St., New York City.

Standmg, Jack, Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N J

Standing, Guy. Famous Players. 213 W. 26th St., New York aty.

Stanley, Geo. C, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn- N. Y.

Stanley, H., Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Stanton, Eichard. N. Y. M. P. Corp.. Longacre Bldg,. New Y'ork City.

Stan wood. Eita. Jesse Lasky Co.. Longacre Bldg., New York City

Star, White, SeUg Polyscope Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Stark, Gladys, Advance M. P. Co., Edgecomb PL, Chicago, 111

Starkey. W. H., 242 W. 45th St., New York City.

Starr. Richard. Eclair Co., Tucson. Ariz.

Stedman, Myrtle, Bosworth, Inc.. 648 S. Olive St.. Los Angeles. Cal. Stem, Arthur, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Steiner, Wm., 145 W. 45th St., New York City.

Steppling, John M., Albuquerque F. Co., 406 Court St., Los Angeles, Cal. Sterhng, Ford, Ciiversal Co.. Hollywood, Cal. Sterling. Marie. Jjubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Stem, Julius, Universal Co.. Hollywood, Cal.

Sterret, J. T., Nicholas Power Co., 90 Gold St., New York City.

Stevani, Mario E., 15 E. 26th St., New York City.

Stevens, Jesse, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N J

Stevens, Geo., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N Y'.

Stewart. Anita. Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn. N. Y.

Stock. Gladys. Advance M. P. Co.. Edgecomb PL, Chicago 111

Stockdale, Carl. Essanay Co., NUes, Cal.

Stockton, Bev. E. B., 167 N. Pkwy., East Orange. N. J.

Stonehouse. Euth, Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago, lU.

Storey, Edith, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Storm, Gerome, N. Y. M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg., New York City. btoweU. Wm.. SeUg Polyscope Co.. Los Angeles. Cal. StreUner. Moe, 71 W. 23rd St., New York City. Stuart, JuUa, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Stuart, Ralph, care Green Room Club, 139 W. 47th St.. New York City.

StuU, Walter H., Mutual Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles Cal

Sturgeon, John, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange N J

Summer, Frederick, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Sutton, etas. W.. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Residence, 2793 Valentine Ave., New York City. Swager, Barbara, Advance M. P. Co., Edgecomb PL, Chicago, 111. Swant, Marc H., Lambs Club, New York City. Swayne, Marian. Melies Co., 204 E. 38th St.. New York City Sweet. Blanche. Majestic Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal Swicard. Chas.. N. Y. M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg., New York City.

48

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

Sylvire, Renne, Leading Playe City.

Talmadge, Corista TalmaiiKc N"riiin

TailgUr\ l,u,i(

Taylui " Taylii. > Taplin. K , \ ^ Tedmaish, W ,1

F. Corp., 126 W. 46th St.. Ne

Vitagraph Co., Boroklyn, N. Y. agraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. ir Co., Tucson, Ariz. ,-iaph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Ill Am. F. Co., 110 W. 40tli St.. New York City.

Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. erican F. Co., Santa Barbara, Cal. Tenuani. Baiijara. Kclair Co., Tucson, Ariz. Tempest, Tom, Excelsior Co., Lake Placid, N. Y.

Tervvilllger, G. W., Lubln Co., Residence, 6600 N. 12th St.. Oak Lane.

Philadelphia, Pa. Testa. Dante, Italia Co., 1011 Candler Bldg., New York City. Thanhouser Twins, New Rochelle, N. Y.

Thatcher. Field .1., Advance M. P. Co., Edgecomb PI., Chicago. 111. Theby, Rosemary, Universal Co., Holly-wood, Cal. Thomas, Edward, Flatbush, 72 Lett St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Thompson, Fred A., Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y. Thompson, David, Thanhouser Co., New Bochelle, N. Y. Thompson, Margaret. N. Y. M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg., New Y'ork City.

Thorn by. Bob. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Tincher, Fay, Komic Comedies. Keystone Studio, Los Angeles. Cal. Todd, Harry, Essanay Co., Niles, Cal.

Tooker. Wm. H., Life Photo Film Corp., 102 W. 101st St., New York City.

Townsend, Miss. Selig Polyscope Co., Los Angeles. Cal.

Trauth, John G., 7 W. 108th St., New York City.

Treman, Wanda, Chariot F. Corp., 110 W. 40th St., New York City.

Treskoff. Olga. 214 W. 110th St., New York City.

Tucker, Richard VV., Edison Co., care Screen Club, New York City.

Tucker. Geo. L.. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Turner. Otis. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Turner, Fred, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Turner, Wm. H.. Lubin Co., Philadelphia. Pa.

UUman, E. A., Bison Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Van, Beatrice. Victor Co.. Universal Studio. Hollywood, Cal.

Van, Wally. Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Van Buren, Ned. Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange. N. J. Van Buren, Mabel, Jesse Lasky Co., Longacre Bldg., New York City. Van Dusen, C, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Van Husan, F. A., Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Van Potel, Earnest, Essanay Co., Niles, Cal.

Van Trump. Jesslyn. Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd . Los Angeles. Cal. Van Zandt. Myrtle, care Morning Telegraph, New York City. Vail, Louise, Biograph Co.. 11 E. 14th St.. New York City. Valkyrien, Mile., Centaur Film^Co., Avenue E and 42nd St., Bayonne. N. J.

Vaser. Ernesto. Italia Co.. 1011 Candler Bldg.. New York City. Vernon. Bob. Komic Comedies. Keystone Studio, Los Angeles, Cal. Vernot. Henry J.. Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St.. .Jersey City. N. J. Vernot, Louis, Pathe Freres, 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J. Vignola, Robert G., Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Vincent, James, Sid Olcott International Players, Actors' Society of

America, New York City. Villa, Lucie K., Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz. Villa, Agnes W.. Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Von Meter, Harry, American F. Mfg. Co.. Santa Barbara. Cal.

Vosburgh. Alfred. Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Vosburgh. Harold. New Victoria Hotel. W. 47th St., New York City.

Wadsworth. Wm.. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Wall, D. v.. Life Photo F. Corp., care Screen Club, New York City.

Walpole, Stanley, Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Walthall. Henry, Reliance Co.. Hollywood, Cal.

Wangeman. Richard. Lubin Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.

Ward. Diederick H.. 20 Vesy St.. New York City.

Warren, Edward. 415 W. llSth St., New York City.

Warner. Henry B . Jesse Lasky Co.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

Warner. A . 1-1.", w 45th St., New York City.

Watsnn \l I uiay Co.. 1333 Argyle St., Chicago. 111.

Wartici 1 ii. I . iiic Film Co., New York City.

Waynr I i,, I ,:, riioto F. Corp., 102 W. 101st St., New York City

Kr 1. I .Marseilles. Broadway and 103rd St.. New Yo-.k I iiv-

Walsh. irarik. Wliiinian Fea. Co.. Cliffside, N. J. Walsh. K. A.. Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal, Washburn. Bryant. Essanay Co., 1333 Argyle St., Chicago. 111. Wade, Lillian (baby). Selig Polyscope Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Waite, Virginia, Thanhouser Co., New Rochelle, N. Y.

Walcamp, Marie, Bison Co., Universal Studio, Hollywood, Cal.

Walker, Robt., Kalem Co.. 235 W. 23rd St.. New York City.

Walker, Lillian, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Walker, Robert, Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Walsh, Jessie Mae, Apex Fihn Co., 145 W. 45th St., New York City.

Walsh, Raoul A., Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

Walsh, Wm., Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Wallace, Irene, Victor Co., Universal Co., Hollywood. Cal.

Wallock, Edwin, Selig Polyscope Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Ward. Chance. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Warrenton, Julia, Albuquerque Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Watermann, Ida, J'Amous Players, 213 W. 2«Ui St.. New York City.

Wayne. Marie. Apex Film Co., 145 W. 45th St., New York City.

Weber. Lois, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Webster. Wallace. Eclair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Webb. Kobt. A. (baby). Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Weirman, Marie. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

West, Billy, Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Ifls Angeles, Cal.

West, Mrs. Billie. Majestic Co.. 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, Cal.

West, Chas. H., Photoplayers' Club, Los Angeles, Cal.

West, Wm. L., Edison Co., 6 Henry Ave., Mamaroneck, N. Y.

West, Josephine, Warner's Fea., Inc., 145 W. 45th St., New York City.

Welsh, Wm. J., Universal Imp Co. or Screen Club, Hollywood. Cal.

Welsh. Wm. J., Imp Universal, Screen Club, New York City.

Wellesley. Chas.. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Wheelock. Chas., Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles, Cal. White. Paul, Eclectic Co., 110 W. 40th St., New York City. White. Pearl, Pathe Co., 1 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J. White, Glen J., 201 W. 127th St., New York City. White. Wm., Rex Universal, Hollywood, Cal. White, Lee, Essanay Co., Chicago. 111. Whitman, Velma. Lubin Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Whitney, Claire. Solax Co., Ft. Lee, N. J.

Whitey, Chet, N. Y. M. P. Corp., Longacre Bldg., New York City. Wiley, T. C, 20 E. 14th St., New York City. Williard, Lee, Essanay Co., Niles, Cal.

Willat. C. A., Summerset Hotel or 220 W. 43rd St., New York City.

Willat. Irving, Grand Venus Hotel, Santiago, Cuba.

Williams, Jay C. Edison Co.. 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange. N. J.

Williams. Earle. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Williams. W. A.. 251 W. 129th St., New York City.

Williams, Kathlyn, Selig Polyscope Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Williams, Malcolm, Famous Players Co.. New York City.

Williams. G. A.. Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City.

Williams, Cora, Edison Co., 275 W. Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Williams, Clara, N. Y. M, P. Corp.. Longacre Bldg.. New York City.

Willis. Paul, Majestic Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. Cal.

Wilkins. Charlotte, Excelsior Co., Lake Placid, N. Y.

Wilkins, Cora, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Wilber, Crane. Lubin Co., Philadelphia. Pa.

Wilson, Ben Victor, Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Wilson. Hal, Life Photo F. Corp., 102 101st St., New York City.

Wilson. Kkic Jane. Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal.

Wllsdii \l , l,. l;iir Cn., Tucson, Ariz.

WilMii I i I ,11 Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Wllilii II i: haiice Co., 29 Union Square, New York City.

Wu) .1 i: ..iith F. Co., Los Angeles. Cal.

Wood. ii l,r-iri. I,, lair Co., Tucson, Ariz.

Woodward. Fud. Apex Film Co.. 145 W. 45th St.. New York City. Wood. N. Z., Kalem Co., 235 W. 23rd St., New York City. Woods, N. S.. Mutual P. Co., 4500 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles. Cal. Woods, Frank B.. Mutual Film Co., or Residence, 101 W. 109th St.. New York City.

Woodruff. Elenor. Eclectic Co.. 110 W. 40th St., New York City.

Wolcamp. Marie. Universal Co.. Hollywood, Cal.

Wolbert. Billy, Rex F. Co., 7 Maiden Lane, New Y'ork City.

Wright. Fred. Pathe Freres, St. AugusUne, Fla.

Wright, Todd. Apex Film Co.. 145 W. 45th St.. New York City.

Wynard. Edward. 539 Dean St.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Yost, Herbert, Edison Co., 275 Lakeside Ave., Orange, N. J.

Younge, Lucille, Balbra Fea. Co., 802 E. Ocean Ave., Long Beach, Cal,

Residence, St. Anthony Apts. Young, Farn, Komic Comedies, Keystone Studio, Los Angeles, Cal. Young, Clara K., Peerless Fea. Prod. Co. (Shubert Co.), New Y'ork City. Young, James. Peerless Fea. Prod. Co. (Shubert Co.), New York City. Zukor. Adolph, Times Bldg.. New York City.

MR. JAMES VINCENT

Leading Man Photoplay wright Producer

Actors Society of America NEW YORK

PEARL WHITE

Pearl White, the daring Pauline, who made the Perils series famous, is the leading lady of Pathe Freres stock. Pearl White is a Missouri girl and she was only five years old when first she appeared on the stage.

ELEANOR BLANCHARD

Eleanor Blanchard was for many mont

hs dr

matic leading woman with the Melies Co. For over two years she played the comedy leads with the Essanay Company of Chicago, and is at pres- ent engaged with the Lubin forces in Philadelphia.

CLIFFORD BRUCE,

Feature Leading Man, is a native of Toronto, Canada. Was Charles Frohman's leading man four years, succeeding the late Kyrle Bellew in "The Thief" and supporting such famous stars as Wm. Gillette. Went into moving pictures in 1913; has been with Selig, Eclectic; now with Pathe. Has achieved a big reputa- tion in romantic and classic leads. His three recent releases are : 'A Fool There Was" 'Children of the Ghetto" and 'The Valley of the Missing"

LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SCREEN CLUB

165 West 47th Street, New York City

OFFICERS

KING BAGGOTT, President. W. TARNHAM, First Vice-Pi-esident.

C. A. WILLAT, Second Vice-President.

JAS. KIRKWOOD, Third Vice-President. J. H. GEKHARDT, Treasurer.

HOPP HADLEY, Corresponding Secretary.

W. F. HADDOCK. Recording Secretary.

BOARD OF GOVERNORS

WILLIAM QUIRK JAMES GORDON WM. ROBERT DALY

LAWRENCE B. McGlLL HERBERT BBENON

C. .1. WILLIAMS DAVID WALL

ARTHUR LESLIS

Abrams, Charles, 42 E. 14th St., New Yorl? City, N. Y. Adler, B., Thanhouser Co., New Rochelle, N. Y. Adolfl, John, 651 Fairview Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. Aldrach. W. F.. Charlotte, N. C. Anderson, G. M., Niles, Cal. Amer, Fred C, 422 N. High St., Columbus, 0. Apfel, Oscar G., 6284 Selma Ave., Hollywood. Cal. Arling, Chas., 319 W. 46th St., New York City, N. Y. Aronson, Chas. Wilbert, Ellis Club, New Yorlt City, N. Y. Ashley, Arthur H., 415 Bainbridge St., Brooklyn, N. Y. August, Edwin, care of Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Bach, B. C, 10 Willow Ave., Westmount. Quebec, Canada. Baggot, King, Universal Co.. New Yorlt City, N. Y.

Bailey, Frank T., Butte, Mont., or 220 W. 42nd St., New York City. N. Y.

Baker. Geo. D., Hotel St. George, Brooklyn Heights, N. Y.

Balshofer, Fred J., New York Motion Picture Co.

Barry, Edward, 16 Cecil Ct., Charing Cross, London, England, W. C.

Barry, Will L., 90 Gold .St., New York City, N. Y.

Barker, Chas. V,

Bauer, Chas. C, 553 W. 33rd St., New York City. N. Y. Bauman, Chas. O., Longacre Bldg., New York City. N. Y. Beal, Frank, Hotel Wallick, New York City, N. Y.

Beaumont, Harry, Edison Studio, Bedford Park, New York City. N. Y.

Bechtel, Wm. A., Edison Studio, Bedford Park, New York City, N. Y.

Beck, Fred, 248 W. 35th St., New York City, N. Y.

Beecroft, Fred J., 145 W. 45th St., New York City, N. Y.

Bell, Gaston, Lubin Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Benham, Harry, Thanhouser Co., New Rochelle, N. Y.

Benner, Yale, Edison Studio, Bedford Park. New York Citr, N. Y.

Bennett. Robert, Unity Photo Co., 168 W. 46th St., New York City, N. Y.

Bernstein, Jules, 46 Ft. Washington Ave., New York City, N. Y.

Bertona, Daniel, 100 W. 44th St., New York City, N. Y.

Bishop, Stanley William, American Kineto Co., 1018 Longacre Bldg .

New York City, N. Y. Blache, Herbert, Solax Co., Fort Lee. N. J. Blackton, J. Stuart, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn. N. Y. Blaisdell, Geo. F., 17 Madison Ave., New York City, N. Y. Blaisdell, Roland E., Brooklyn, N. Y. Blaisdell, Wm., 1807 Avenue K, Brooklyn, N. Y. BUnkhorn, Albert, 110 W. 40th St., New York City, N. Y. Boggs, Lee, 2649 E. 27th St., Sheepshead Bay, N. Y. Boggs, John, 157 W. 47th St., New York City, N. Y. Bosworth, C. R., 175 W. River St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Bracey, Sydney, Thanhouser Co., New Rochelle, N. Y. Bradford, F. G., Gaumont Co., Flushing, N. Y. Brandt, Joseph, 1600 Broadway, New York City, N. Y. Brandt, Chas., 4843 Cedar Ave., West Philadelphia, Pa. Bredeson, Hy. B., Edison Co., 2826 Decatur Ave., New York City, N. Y.

Residence, 3073 Hull Ave., Bronx. Brenon, Herbert, Aljomar Apt.. 828 7th Ave., New York City, N. Y. Brooke, Van Dyke, 1112 Dean St.. Brooklyn. N. Y. Brower. Holiert. 2493 Valentine Ave., Fordham. N. Y. Brulatour. J. E., 31 E. 27th St., New York City, N. Y. Bunny. John, 1416 Avenue G., Brooklyn, N. Y. Burbidge, Chas. J., 212 Lennox Ave., New York City, N. Y. Burton, Frank. 214 W. 109th St., New York City. N. Y. Bushman. Francis X., care of Essanay, 1333 Argyle St.. Chicago. 111. Butts, Worthy, care of Greenwich Ptg. Co., 540 W. 21st St., New York

City, N. Y.

Carlyle, Francis, 130 W. 44th St., New York City. N. Y. Carleton, Lloyd B., 240 W. 102nd St., New York City, N. Y. Carney, Augustus, Dramatic Mirror, New York City, N. Y. Carroll, Frank J., Flanders Hotel, New York City. N. Y. Carroll, James J,, 15 Vandewater St., care of F. J. Fountain. New York City. N. Y.

Cavanaugh, Wm. N.. 320 Park Ave., Weehawken, N. J. Cella, Peter. Fort Lee, N. J.

Chapman, Chas. D., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Charles. .John, care of Mrs. Rosa Wliitman, Bloomingdale. N. J. Cherry. W. I., All Star Feature Co., 220 W. 42nd St.,, New York City, N. Y.

Chisholm, John M., 108 Convent Ave., New York City, N. Y.

Clapp, C. B., 807 E. 175th St., New York City, N. Y.

Clymer, John B., 220 W. 42nd St.. care of Exclusive Supply Co., New

York City, N. Y. Clark, James B.. 101 Kmnire Bldg., Pittsiiurgh. Pa. Cobb, C. Lang, Jr., 102 W. 101st St., New York City. N. Y. Cohn, Jack, 600 W. 178th St., New York City. N. Y. Collins, Jos. P., Athens Hotel, 56 E. 42nd St.. New York City, N. Y

Collins, John H.. 3750 Broadway, New York City, N. Y. Cooke, Geo. J., Jr., 207 W. 138th St., New York City, N. Y. Cooper, Bigelow, Edison Co., Bedford Park, New York City, N. Y. Costello. Maurice, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Crampton^ Howard. 406 W. 57th St., care of Whalen, New York City,

Crane, Frank H.. Hotel Marliwell. 222 W. 40th St., New York City, N. Y. Cummings, Irving, care of Pathe Freres, Jersey City Heights, N. J. Dailey, Jos. L., 173 W. 45th St., New York City, N. Y. Dawley, J. Searle, Famous Players Film Co., New York City, N. Y. Delaney, Leo., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Dimond, Bushnell, 400 S. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Dintenfass, Mark. 1600 Broadway, New York City, N. Y. Dion, Hector, Adelphi Hotel, 470 W. 23rd St.. New York City, N. Y. Edwin, Walter. Edison Studio, Bedford Park. New York City, N. Y. Edmonson, Richard. 19 Cecil Ct.. Charing Cross Rd., W. C. London. Eng.

Ellery, Arthur, Solax Co., Fort Lee, N. J.

Eldridge, Chas. E., 121 Post Ave., New York City. N. Y.

Engle. Jos. W.. 1600 Broadway. New York City. N. Y.

Ennis. Bert, Eclair Co., 225 W. 42nd St.. New York City. N. Y.

Ennis. Harry.

Evans, Thos. W., 216th St. and Broadway. New York City N. Y. Eytinge, Harry B., 382 E. 199th St., New York City, N. Y. Farley, Jos. B., 893 Columbus Ave., New York City, N. Y. Farnham, Jos. W., All Star Feature Co., 220 W. 42nd St.. New York City. N. Y.

Farren, John J.. Victoria Theatre, Rochester, N. Y. Feeley, M. M., 145 W. 45th St., New York City, N. Y. Fielding, Bomaine, Lubin Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Finlay, Ned.

Fisclier, Chas. F., 311 W. 94th St., New York City, N. Y. Fitzgerald. Dallas M., Hotel Continental, 141 W. 116th St.. New York

City, N. Y. Fitzmaurice. G.

Foote, Courtenay, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn. N. Y. Foxe, Earl A., 359 W. 46th St., New York City. N. Y. Francis, A. B., 110 Kingsley St., Leonia, N. J., or care of Eclair Studio, Fort Lee, N. J.

Fraunholz. Fraunie, 204 Manliattan Ave., New York City, N. Y. Frazer, Robt. W., Cecil Spooner Co., Bronx, N. Y. Gaden, Alexander, 366 W. 46th St., New York City, N. Y. Gamble, Robt. L., Altoona. Pa.

Garrison, G. Blake. 145 W. 45th St., New York City, N. Y. Garwood, Wm., 317 S. Olive St., Los Angeles, Cal. Gasnier, Louis. Pathe Freres, Jersey City Heights, N. J. Gasklll, Chas. L., Tappan, N. Y.

Gates, Harvey H., 408 Audubon Ave., New York City, N. Y. Gaudio, G., 2340 Crotona Ave., New York City, N. Y. Gausman. J. A., 601-603 W. 47th St.. New York City, N. Y. Geleng, Louis, 18805 Detroit Ave., Cleveland, O.

Gerhardt, J. H., Dramatic Mirror, 145 V.'. 45th St.. New York City.

N. Y., Residence, 150 Moffat St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Giegerich. C. J., 1515 E. 9th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Gillett, E. Kendall, Pelham Manor. New York City, N. Y. Goetz, Ben, Crystal Film Co., Wendover and Park Ave., New York City.

N. Y.

Gondolfl, Alfredo, 304y2 Sherman Ave.. Jersey City, N. J.

Goodwin, Jack, 425 W. 57th St., New York City, N. Y.

Gordon, Harris, 1690 Broadway, New York City, N. Y.

Gordon. James, The Screen Club, New York City, N. Y.

Graham, Cecil C, Mldgar Features, 133 W. 44th St., New York City.

Graham, Artllur Butler, 412 West End Ave.. New York City, N. Y.

Graham, J. C, Mecca Bldg., New York City, N. Y.

Greene. Walter E., 1018 Colonial Bldg.. Boston, Mass.

Gregory, Carl L., 301 Hugenot St., New Eoclielle, N. Y.

GrifHn, Frank C.

Grimmer, Frank A., Thanhouser Co., New Rochelle, N. Y. Gunning, Fred, 130 W. 47th St., Apt. 22, New York City, N. Y. Haddock, Wm. F., 1570 E. 15th St., Flatbush, N. Y. Hadley, Hopp, 35 Ft. Washington Ave., New York City, N. Y. Hale, Alan, 129 W. 46th St., New York City, N. Y. Hale, Albert W., Majestic Co., 651 Fairview Ave., Los Angeles, Cal, Hall, Donald, care of Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Hall, Geo. Edward, 1600 Broadway, New York City, N. Y. Handworth, Harry, Pathe Freres, Jersey City Heights, N. J. Harding, Thos., Nestor Studio, Bayonne, N. J. Harding, John, care of Amhrosio-Amerlcan Film Co.. 15 E. 26th St. New York City. N. Y.

50

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

Hedlund, Guy. Hadlyme. Conn.

Hedwig, Willia, 184 Arlington Ave., Jersey City, N. J. Hennessy, Geo., 618 Bryson Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. Hite, C. J., care of Thanhouser Co.. New Roclielle, N. Y. Hoffman, Hugh, care of Moving Picture World, 17 Madison

York City, N. Y. HoUiday, F. E., Gaumont, Flushing, L. I., N. Y. Holmes. Stuart, care of Kamo Co., 102 W. 101st

;., New York City,

Holmes, Bapley, care of Essanay Co., Chicago, 111. Hopkins, John, 506 W. 135th St., New York City, N. Y. Hopp, Jos., Washington St., Chicago, 111. Horsley, David, 1600 Broadway, New York City, N. Y. Hotaling, Garry, Lubin Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Houseman, Arthur, Edison Co., Bedford Park, New Y^ork City, N. Y. Humphrey, Wm. A., 1310 Ave. P, Brooklyn, N. Y. Hunt, Jay. Kay-Bee, Santa Monica, Cal. Hunter, T. Hayes.

Hutchinson, James, 600 W. 178th St., New Y'ork City. N. Y. Ince, Ealph W.. Brightwater, L. I., N. Y.

Ivery, Dr. Wm. J., 343 W. 46th St., New York City, N. Y. Jefferson, Thomas, 140 Wadsworth Ave.. New York City, N. Y. Jefferson, Wm. W., 119 W. 71st St., New York City, N. Y. Jenkins, Geo. A., 5 E, 42nd St., New York City, N. Y. Johnson, Arthur V., Lubin Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Johnson, Teflt, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Johnston, J. W.

Johnston, W. A., Motion Picture News, 220 W. 42nd St., New York City, N. Y.

Jones, C. William, care of N. Y. Athletic Club. New York City. N. Y. Joste. Robert. 416 W. 33rd St., New York City, N. Y. Jourjon, Charles, 225 W. 42nd St., New York City, N. Y. Judson, H. C, Moving Picture World, New York City, N. Y. Kaufman. Albert A., Famous Players, 219 W. 26th St., New York City N. Y.

Karn, Geo. E., Screen Club. New York City, N. Y. Karr, Darwin, Solax Co., Fort Lee, N. J.

Keane, James A., United Keanograph Film Mfg. Co., Fairfax, Cal. Kendall, Preston. Inwood Court. 207th St. and Post Ave.. New York City. N. Y.

Kent, Chas., 800 E. 14th St.. Flatbush. Brooklyn, N. Y. Kerrigan, Warren, care of Universal Film Co.. Hollvwond, Cal. Kessel. A., Jr., 251 W. 19th St., New York City, N. Y. Kessel, Chas., N. Y. Motion Picture Co., Longacre Bldg., New York City, N. Y.

Kingsley, Pierce, 207 W. 109th St., New York City, N. Y. Kirkwood, James, Remington Hotel. New York City, N. Y. Klein. Phil,

ICnowles, Harry, Screen Club, New York City, N. Y.

Kraus. M. A., 14 E. 17th St., New York City, N. Y.

Laemmle, Carl, 1600 Broadway. New Y'ork City. N. Y.

Lane, Geo.. 2863 W. 20th St., Coney Island. N. Y.

Lawrence, Frank, 344 Lenox Ave., New York City, N. Y.

Leonard, Geo. E.. 185 Broadway, New York City. N. Y.

LeSalnt, E. J., 4500 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles. Cal.

Leslie, Arthur B., Elm wood Hotel. East Orange. N. J.

Lesser, Sol L.. 234 Eddy St., San Francisco, Cal.

Lessey, Geo. A.. 1731 W. 9th St., Brooklyn. N. Y.

Leviness. Carl M., Reliance Co., 537 Biverdale Ave., Yonkers, N. Y.

Levine, H. Z., 233 W. 115th St., New York City. N. Y.

Lewis. Edgar. 400 W. 57th St.. New York City. N. Y.

Lewis. H. Tracey, 1493 Broadway, New York City, N. Y.

Lewis, Ralph.

Lichtman, Al., Famous Players, Times Bldg., New York City, N. Y. Llnson, Harry. 1994 Webster Ave., New York City N. Y. Loewenthal, Bernard, Commercial M. P. Co., 102 W. 101st St., New York City, N. Y.

Lorimore, Alec, 1603 World's Tower Bldg. and 110 W. 40th St., New

York City, N. Y. Louis, Will, 3651 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Lubin, Siegmund. Philadelphia, Pa. Lucas, Wilfred, 5821 Carlton Way, Hollywood, Cal. Lund. Oscar A. C. Eclair Co., Fort Lee, N. J. Mack, H. S.. 311 W. 94th St., New York City. N. Y. Mason. Frank. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Mason. Dan, Edison Studio, Bedford Park, New York City, N. Y.

Mayo, A. F., 540 W. 21st St., New York City. N. Y.

Mahan, John, W., 382 Wadsworth Ave.. New York City N. Y.

McChesney, L. W., Thos. A. Edison, Inc., Orange, N. J.

McCormack, W. F., 256 Broadway, New York City, N. Y.

McGee, Morris, 317 W. 46th St., New York City, N. Y.

McGill, Lawrence, All Star Feature Film Co., Candler Bldg., New Yorit

City, N. Y., Residence, Grantwood, N. J. McGovern, Elmer, J., N. Y. M. P. Corporation, Longacre Bldg., New York

City, N. Y.

McGovern, Albert, Pathe Freres, Jersey City Heights, N. J. McGowan, Hughie, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn. N. Y. McKee, Raymond, Lubin Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Metcalfe, Earl. Lubin Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Middleton, Edward. 200 Manhattan Ave.. Apt. 69. New York City. N. Y. Miles. David. Hotel Cumberland, New Y'ork City. N. Y. Miles, Herbert, 145 W. 45th St., New York City, N. Y. Miles, J. R., Exclusive Supply Co., 220 W. 42nd St., New York City, N. Y.

Millarde, Harry, care of Kalem Co., Pleasant View, Jacksonville. Fla. Miller, Ashley. 2826 Decatur Ave.. New York City, N. T. Milligan, Wendell P., Billboard, New York City, N. Y. Mills, Thos. R., Reliance Co., Yonkers, N. Y. Mindil, Philip, 29 Union Square W., Yonkers, N. Y.

Monroe, James E., care of H. E. Law, 502 W. 38th St., Yonkers. N Y

Moore. Mat. 643 W. 43rd St., Victor Studio, New York City, N. Y.

Morey, Harry A., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Morris, W. E. Stuart, Lubin Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Morrison, J. Woods, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Morton, Walter, Box 308, Edgewater, N. J.

Moses, A. H., Jr., Thanhouser Co., New Eochelle, N. Y.

Musson. Bennett. The Screen. Cub, New York Citv. N. Y.

Muth, Dr. Geo. H., Aeolian Bldg., W. 42nd St., New York City, N. Y.

Nichols, Geo. O., Kay Bee Co., Santa Monica. Cal.

Nickolaus, John M.. Nestor Film Co.. Bayonne, N. J.

Neill, H. S.. 2676 Decatur Ave., New York City. N. Y.

Nillson, Alec. 165 E. 89th St.. New York City. ' N. Y.

Noble. John W., Screen Club, New York City, N. Y.

North, Wilfred, 204 W. 79th St., New York City, N. Y.

Noto, Louis M.. 222 W. 42nd St., New York City, N. Y.

Obstfleld. Henry, Apeda Studio. 102 W. 38th St.. New York City. N. Y.

O Connor. Edward, Edison Co., Bedford Park, New York City, N. Y. Oes, Ingvald C, 110 W. 40th St., New York City, N. Y. Offeman, Emile, 225 W. 42nd St., New York City, N. Y Oldknow, Wm., Atlanta, Ga.

O'Sumvan, Anthony, 807 iE. 175th St., New York City, N. Y. Paget, Alfred. Biograph Co., New York City, N. Y Panzer. Paul. 320 Park Ave.. Weehawken. N. J.

PhilUps, Augustus. Edison Co., Bedford Park, New York City, N Y Physioc, Wray, 502 W. 38th St., New York City, N. Y. Pratt, John H., 14 W. 101st St., or All Star Feature Corp., New York City. N. Y.

Proctor. Geo. DuBoIs, Motion Picture News, 220 W. 42nd St New

York City, N. Y. Plympton, Horace G., 11 Frances Place, Monteclair, N. J. Powell, Frank. Pathe Freres. Jersey City Heights. N. J. Powers. P. A., 126 W. 46th St., New York City, N. Y. Prior, Herbert, Edison Co., Bedford Park, New York City, N. Y. Quirk, Wm., Bogata, N. J.

Bead, J. Parker, Jr., 220 W. 42nd St., New York City, N. Y. Race. John N., Fort Lee. N. J.

Reed, Dr. E. Ralston, 136 South St., Morristown, N. J.

Reehm, Geo. E.. Reliance Co., Yonkers, N Y.

Raver, Harry R., Columbia Theatre, New York City, N. Y.

Ridgeley, Richard, Edison Co., Bedford Park, New York City, N Y.

Eitchey, J. V., 540 W. 21st St., New York City, N. Y.

Eobin, J, E.^ 418 Central Park W., Apt. 26, New York. City, N Y

Eobson, Phil, 10 W. 64th St., New York City, N. Y.

Eock, J. B., Schiller Bldg., Chicago, 111.

Eock, Wm. F., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Roekam, E. M., 102 W. 101st St., New York City, N. Y.

Rowland, E. A., 1101 Empire Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Eubenstein, I. B.,

Eussell, W. F., Thanhouser Co., New Eochelle, N. Y. Saint Loup, W. V., Canadian Bioscope Co., Halifax, N. S., Can. Sargent, Espes, W., Box 70, Madison Sq. P. 0., New York City, N. T. Saunders, Alfred M., Colonial M. P. Co., 18 E. 41st St., New York City, N. Y.

Seardon, Paul, 250 Madison Ave., Hasbruck Heights, N. J.

Seay, Chas. M., Edison Co., Bedford Park, New York City, N. Y.

Schulberg, B. P.

Scranton, E. V. G., Box 195, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Senarens. Lu, Tousey Publishing Co., W. 23rd St., New York City, N. Y.

Shaw, Harold M.. Screen Club, New York City, N. Y.

Shay, Wm., Imp, New York City, N. Y.

Shay, Wm. E., Gerard Hotel, New York City, N. Y.

Shea, Wm., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn. N. Y.

Sheerer. Will E., Eclair Co., Fort Lee, N. J.

Shulter, Ed., 193 Cornelia St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Siegman, Geo., 511 W. 138th St., New York City, N. Y.

Simone, Chas., 617 Ave. E., Bayonne, N. J.

Slevin, James, King James Hotel, New York City, N. Y.

Slevin, L. J., Tappan, N. Y.

Smalley, Phillip, care of Universal Co., Hollywood, Cal. Smallwood, Arthur N., 18 W. 107th St., New York City, N. Y. Smallwood, R. C, 224 W. 122nd St., New York City, N. Y. Smith. Frank.

Smith. Will C, Nicholas Power Co., 90 Gold St., New York City, N. Y. Smith, A. v., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Smyth, Thomas Vincent, 408 W. 44th St., New York City, N. Y, Sniffen, F. E.

Snow,^Homer H., Eamo Film Co., 102 W. 101st St., New Y'ork City.

Snyder,' Matt, Hotel Herbert, San Francisco, Cal.

Snyder, Raymond M., 251 2nd St., Town of Union, N. J.

Solter, Harry L., Riverdale Rd., Westwood, N. J.

Spear, Harry, Majestic Co., 651 Fairview Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.

Spedon, S. M., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Spencer, Richard V., 563 S. Fremont Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.

Splngler, Harry, 528 W. 145th St., New York City, N. Y.

Standing, Jack. 16 W. 104th St.. New York City. N. Y.

Starkey. W. H.. 242 W, 45th St., New York City, N. Y.

Stelner, Wm., 145 W. 45th St., New York City, N. Y.

Stoppling, John M., Albuquerque Co., Los Angeles, Cal.

Stern, Julius, Imp Film Co., New York City, N. Y.

Sterrett, J. T., Nicholas Power Co., 90 Gold St., New York City, N. Y. Stevenson, Geo. M.

StevanI, Mario A., 15 E. 26th St., New York City, N. Y. Stockton, Rev. E. B., 167 No. Parkway, E. Orange, N. J. Streimer, Moe, 71 W. 23rd St., New York City, N. Y. Stull, Walter H., Reliance Studio, Yonkers. N. Y.

Sturgeon, John M., Edison Co., Bedford Park, New York City, N. Y.

Swan, Mark H., Lambs Club, New York City, N. Y.

TerwIUIger, Lubin Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Residence, 6600 N. 12th

St., Oak Lane, Philadelphia, Pa. Thomas. Edward. 72 Lott St.. Flatbush. Brooklyn, N. Y. Thompson, David, Thanhouser Co., New Rochelle, N. Y. Thomson, Fred A., Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. TIchenor, F. A., 147 4th Ave., New York City, N. Y. - Trauth, John G., 7 W. 108th St., New Y^ork City N. Y. Tucker, Richard W., 2656 Decatur Ave., New York City, N. Y. Travers, R. C, care of Essanany Co., Chicago, 111. Wall, D. v., 101 W. 91st St., New York City, N. Y. Walpole, Stanley, Eclair Studio, Fort Lee, N. J. Ward, Diederich, H., 20 Vesey St., New York City, N. Y. Warner, A., 145 W. 45th St., New York City, N. Y. Warren, Edward, 415 W. llSth St., New York City, N. Y. Warren Giles, Dumont, N. J.

Welch, W. J.. 203 B. 205th St.. New York Cty. N. Y. West. Wm. L.. 6 Henry Ave., Mamaroneck, N. Y. Wharton. Leopold D.

Wharton, Theo. W., care of Essanay Film Co.. Chicago, 111. Wilbur, Crane, Pathe Freres, Jersey City Heights. N. J. Wiley, T. C. 20 E. 14th St., New York City, N. Y. Willat, C. A.. 220 W. 23rd St. Residence, Somerset Hotel. New York City. N Y.

Willat. Irving. Grand Venus Hotel. Santiago, Cuba.

Williams, C. Jay, Edison Co., Bedford Park, New York City, N. Y".

Williams, Earle, Vitagraph Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Wilson, C. H., Thos. A. Edison, Inc.. Orange. N. J.

Wilson, Ben F., Edison Co.. Bedford Park, New York City. N. Y.

Woods, Frank E., Mutual Film Co., 71 W. 23rd St. Residence, 101 W.

109th St., Npw York City. N. Y. Wilson, Hal., 1707 E. 14th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Wynard, Edward, 539 Dean St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Yost, Herbert A.. Edison Co.. Bedford Park, New York City, N. Y. Young, James. Vitagraph Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y. Zukor, Adolph, Times Bldg., New York City, N. Y.

LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE REEL CLUB - CHICAGO

OFFICERS

NEHLS. President. E. E, BRADFORD, V

V. D. HILBRETH, Secretary. L. A. BOENING, T

BOARD OF GOVERNORS

WARREN A. PATRICK, Chairman

CHARLES NIXON O. r, DOUD

LIST OF

Richard Travers, Essanay Film JIfg. Co., 1333 Argyle St. Harvey E. Gausman, Pontiac Bldg. Rapley Holmes, Essanay Film Mtg. Co. William S. Bastar, LaSaUe Hotel.

Edwin A. Hlbben, Saturday Evening Telegraph, Colonial Theatre Bldg. WaUace F. Beery, Essanay Film Mfg. Co. Eddie Redway, Essanay Film Mfg. Co.

Samuel E. Kinliead, care of George Kleine, 1G6 N. State St.

CuUen Holmes Ferrel, care of George Kleme, 166 N. State St.

Homer C. Conde, 610 Federal St.

Mortan L, Vance, Vance Mfg. Co., 544 W. Lalie St.

Merle E. Smith, George Kleine, 166 N. State St.

E. L. Hickey, Barnes Crosby & Co., Madison & Franklin Sts.

Harry McRae Webster, Essanay Film Mfg. Co.

Joseph A. Roach, Essanay Film Mfg. Co.

Frank S. Phelps, care of George Kleine, 166 N. State St.

G. A. Ziebarth, care of American Film Mfg. Co., 6225 Broadway.

George Berg, 6235 Honore St.

Edward S. Gaylor, Jr., 1523 Harris Trust Bldg.

Wm. M. Young, care of Essanay.

Albert V. Steis, Essanay.

Fred H. Wagner, Essanay.

B. B. Nehls, American Film Mfg. Co.. 6225 Broadway.

Oscar Eagle, care of Sellg Polyscope Co., Western & Irving Park Blvd.

L. A. Boenlng, American Cinematograph Co., 617 W. Jackson Blvd.

Warren A. Patrick, care of New York Clipper, Ashland Blk.

Omer F. Doud, care of George Kleine, 166 N. State St.

Don Meaney, Essanay Film Mfg. Co., 1333 Argyle St.

Chas. Nixon, Selig Polyscope Co., 20 E. Randolph St.

W. R. Rothacker, Industrial Moving Picture Co., 213 W. Erie St.

N. Sawyer, Industrial Moving Picture Co., 213 W. Erie St.

Chas. Andress, care of Billboard, Schiller Bldg.

Harold Vosburgh, Selig Polyscope Co., Western & Irving Park.

0. F. Spahr, Enterprise Optical Co., 564 W. Randolph St. Tom QuiU, Goes Lithographic Co., 175 W. Jackson Blvd. Walter Early. Morning Telegraph, 110 S. Dearborn St. Frank Hough, Kleine Optical Co., 166 N. State St.

John Bock, Vitagraph Co., Schiller Bldg.

1. Eisner, Mutual Film Corporation, 5 S. Wabash Ave.

Roie Claire Seery, The Mutual Film Corp., 5 S. Wabash Ave.

MEMBERS

D. W. Russell, David Horsley, Schiller Bldg. William Grew, Selig Polyscope Co., Western & Irving Park. George L. Cox, Peoples Gas Bldg. Robert Roy Barker, Photoplay Co., 30 W. Lake St. John J. Daily, Vitagraph Co., Schiller Bldg. Claud R. Plough, Anti-Trust Film Co., 128 W. Lake St. Walter R. Seates, General Film Co.. 5 S. Wabash Ave. Percy Walker Plummer. Amusement Supply Co., 160 N. 5th Ave. Ben W. Beadell, Thomas Edison, Incorp., 139 N. Clark St. Frank E. Williams, Mutual Film Corp., 5 S. Wabash Ave. Ralph E. Bradford, Mutual Film Corp., 5 S. Wabash Ave. Walter A. Daniels, National Water Proof Film Co., ,4200 W. Adams St. Frank J. Flaherty, Universal Film Mfg. Co., 172 W. Washington St. J. Clarkson Miller, George Kleine, 166 N. State St. Len W. McChesney, Thomas A. Edison, Incorp., Orange, N. J. John W. Brickhouse, Continental Feature Film Corp., 5 S. Wabash Ave. John Joseph McGrath, McGrath Co., 543 S. Dearborn St. Earl C. Turner, SeUg Polyscope Co., 3900 N. Claremont Ave. Adolph Ed. Kull, SeUg Polyscope Co., Western & Irving Park. Ott A. Schossling, Sellg Polyscope Co., Western & Irving Park. S. Quinn. American Standard Motion Picture Corp., 926 Consumers Bldg. Otto Albert Walffen, Selig Polyscope Co., 3900 N. Claremont Ave. N. G. Waitkins. American Standard Motion Picture Corp., 926 Con- sumers Bldg.

Jacques Jensen, Selig Polyscope Co., 3900 N. Claremont Ave. Bryant Washburn, Essanay Film Mfg. Co., 1333 Argyle St. Francis X. Bushman, Essanay Film Mfg. Co.. 1333 Argyle St. Phil Spery, American Cinematograph Co., 617 W. Jackson Blvd. Allen J. Normal, Mutual Film Corp., 117 N. Dearborn St. Bert Ayres, Vitagraph Co., 901 Ft. Dearborn Bldg.

John H. Byrnes. Historical Feature Film Corp., 901 Ft. Dearborn Bldg. T. C. Montgomery, General Film Co., 17 S. Wabash Ave. Ralph O. Proctor, General Film Co.. 17 S. Wabash Ave. Edw. Cohen, General Film Co., 19 S. Wabash Ave.

Edwin L. Barker, International Harvester Co., 4th Fl., Harvester Bldg.

Charles Clark. Essanay Film Mfg. Co., 1333 Argyle St.

Paul Subline , American Cinematograph Co., 617 W. Jackson Blvd.

Freeman H. Owens, Essanay Film Mfg. Co., 1333 Argyle St.

Chas. E. Kaufman, Essanay Film Mfg. Co., 1333 Argyle St.

SCENARIO AND PHOTOPLAY SCHOOLS

Southwestern Photoplay Service, El Paso, Tex. H. Hursh, 123 S. 3rd St., Harrisburg, Pa.

Courtney, Wentworth, 123 W. 44th St., New York City, N. Y. Atlas Publishing Co.. 318 Atlas Bank Bldg,, Cincinnati, Ohio. Ed. Gamble, E. Liverpool, 0.

Author's Mo. Pic. School, 122 S. Michigan Ave.. Chicago, 111. Service Bureau, Box 22, Sallna Sta., Syracuse, N. Y. Assoc. M. P. School, 644 Sheridan Rd.. Chicago, 111. Photoplay Clearing House, 175 DuEQeld St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Consldt. Photo & Vaud. Playrights, Ashland. Ohio. Caldron Pub. Co., 175 Duffleld St., Brooklyn, N. i.

Amer. Author's Asso., Room 604, 1535 Broadway, New York City. N. Y.

Jack Liverpool, 394 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, Mass.

Mumir Pub. Co., Box 162, Brockton, Mass.

A. Kennedy, 3309 North 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Literary Enterprise, 3348 Lowe Ave., Chicago, 111.

L. Hoeh, 4105 Ballard Ave., Cincinnati, O.

Louis CahiD, 793 Broadway, Fall River, Mass.

The Motograph Co., 602 Berry-Whitmore Bldg., Washington, D. C. Koss Boyer, Edinburg, Ind.

Photoplaywrights Asso. of Amer.. 8 S. Dearborn, Chicago. 111. Paul W. Bicker, 1921 Fairmount Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. United Play Brokerage, Fostoria, Ohio.

N. Y. School of Photoplay Writing, 1531 Broadway, New Y'ork City. N. Y.

Dean Pub. Co., 32 E. 3rd Ave., Cincinnati, O.

Amer. School for Photoplay Writers, Washington, D. C.

Phillips Studio. 156 5th Ave., New York City, N, Y.

L. Radnor. 118 E. 28th St., New York City, N. Y.

Jewett Merchandise Co., 716 Broadway, Bayonne, N. J.

Perrin E. Jordan, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

Albert Moore, Box 772, Chicago, 111.

Percy Ewing, 6 Thatcherway, Decatur. 111.

The Amer. Playwrite, 1440 Broadway, W. T. Price. New York City, N. Y.

Penn. Assn., Heed Bldg., Dept. A, Philadelphia. Pa.

Chi. Photo-Playwright CoUege, Box 278, J. O., Chicago, 111.

X. Y.'s School of Photoplay Writing, 401 Astor Theatre Bldg., Broadway.

New York City. N. Y'. Western Photoplay Co.. 1646-M, Spokane. Wash.

The Veritas Publishing Co., Suite 7079 Metropolitan Bldg., New York City, N. Y.

Ernest A. Dench. 17 Frederick Crescent. Brixton. London. S. W., Eng. Story Revision Co.. Box 350. Smethport, Pa. Complete Supply Co.. 1239 W. Lehigh. Philadelphia. Pa. Photoplaywrights' Exchange, 1029 N. Dearborn St., Chicago. 111. Lee A. Baugh, Oakland. Neb.

Will Leonhardt, 1321 3rd Ave., New York City, N. Y. Cloud Pub. Co., 1100 Hartford Bldg., Chicago. 111. The Movie Pictorial, Chicago, or New York City.

Chalmers Pub. Co., Box 226, Madison Sq. P. O.. New York City. N. Y. Practical Pub. Co., 434-A Cent. Park West, New fork City. N. Y. Photo-Play Asso., Box 109, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

The Home Correspondence School, Dept. 129. Springfield, Mass. Rex Literary Bureau, 57 Stockton St., Brooklyn, N. Y. The P. A. Booking OfBces, Chicago. 111.

The Scenario TypewriUng Co., 6346 St. Lawrence Ave.. Chicago. 111.

J. Caputo. Box 421, Homer City, Pa.

United Press Syndicate. Dept. M. P., San Francisco. Cal.

Enterprise Pub. Co., F. 3348 Lowe Ave., Chicago, 111.

Labberton Co., 1308 Hoe Ave., New York City, N. Y.

Fred A. Pitz, Amana. Iowa.

The Author's Syndicate. 930 Tribune Bldg.. New York City, N. Y. Nathan Neivmann, 1547 Broadway. New York City. Stanhope-Dodge. Publisliers. 7 Pa., Larchmont. N. Y.

VAN LORENZ INSTITUTE

Moving Picture Acting, Dancing and Dramatic Art

Perfect instruction guaranteed - unlimited opportunities - students trained thoroughly - No guaranteed positions - Investigation invited.

238 W. 46th St. [Bryant 5144] New York City

52

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

Efficiency Plus-

The machines used in the processing of motion picture film should - in design and construction - be of such a character as to be a positive aid in the artistic develop- ment of the motion picture. These machines should be marked by superior design and skilled workmanship - by precision and accuracy. And since the functions of these machines are interde- pendent they should be so standardized as to insure economy and efficiency in their operation.

Bell & Howell Cinemachinery

Meets these conditions squarely and be- cause it excels in design and construction - in precision and accuracy - in quantity and quality of output, it is at once the best and cheapest machinery in the world with which to process motion picture film.

Bell & Howell Products

Have set new and higher standards in machine design and construction. Our Perforator - by reason of its general use - may be said to have established the standard of film perforation in America. Our Camera is being used in studios and in the field - in the desert and in the Arctic Regions - and is everywhere producing the best possible pictures at the minimum of cost.

Our Printers are not excelled either in quantity or quality of output in their pro- duction of positive prints. AND our Film Measuring Machine - latest of our efficiency-promoting devices - af- fords to every man an opportunity to KNOW HIS FILM FOOTAGE.

Bell & Howell Company

Designers and Manufacturers Standard

Cinemachinery 1801-1807 Larchmont Avenue, Chicago, 111.

MOTION PICTURE THEATRES

of the

United States, Canada, Alaska, Hawaiian Islands, New Zealand and Mexico

ALABAMA

ALABAMA CITY - People's Theatre. ALBEETVILLE - Electric Theatre, Main St. ALEXANDEB CITY - Pastime Theatre. ALTOONA - Amusu Theatre. AI/TOONA - Movie Theatre. ANDALUSIA - Imperial Theatre. ANNISTON - Savoy Theatre.

ANNISTON - Theatorium Theatre, 1026 Noble -St.

ATHENS - Dliie Theatre.

ATMOHE - Crescent Theatre.

ATTALLA - Pleasant Hour Theatre, ith Ave.

BESSEMER - Bijou Theatre.

BESSEMER - Grand Theatre.

BESSEMER - Bungalo Theatre, 1912 2nd Ave.

BESSEMER - Pictorama Theatre, 1910 2nd Ave.

BESSEMER - Sun Theatre.

BIRMINGHAM - Alacazar Theatre, 11911 2nd Ave. BIRinNGHAM - Best Theatre, 2016 2nd Ave. BIRMINGHAM- Hippodrome Theatre, 3rd Ave. and 17th St. BIRraNGHAM - Majestic Theatre.

BIRMINGHAM - Margarette Theatre. Woodlawn Station. BIRMINGHAM - Odeon Theatre, 1907 2nd Ave. BIRMINGHAM - Orpheum Theatre, 3rd Ave. and 17th St, BIRMINGHAM - Princess Theatre, 216 N. 20th St. BIRMINGHAM - Vaudette Theatre, 1900 2nd Ave. WEST BLOCTON - West Blocton Theatorium. BREWTON - Vaudette Theatre. BRIDGEPORT - Hudson Theatre. CAMP HILL - Musutorium Theatre. CARBON HILI^Pastime Theatre. CLAYTON - Princess Theatre. COLUMBIA - Theatorium, Montford Beach. CULLMAN - Esther Theatre. CULLMAN - Lyric Theatre.

CULLMAN - Princess Theatre, 319 W. 2nd Ave. DADE\'ILLE - Alamo Theatre. DECATUR - Lyceum Theatre. DECATUR - Star Theatre, 406 Bank St. DEMOPOLIS - A Mus U Theatre. DEMOPOLIS - Royal Theatre. DORA - Electric Theatre.

DOTHAN - Criterion Theatre, 122 N. Foster St.

DOTHAN - Electric Theatre. Main St.

DOTHAN - Palace Theatre. 138 Foster St.

DOTHAN - Senn Station Theatre, 211 E. Main St.

ENSLEY - Belle Theatre, 1719 Avenue E.

ENSLEY - Franklin Theatre, 1915 Avenue E.

ENSLEY - Star Theatre, 1919 Avenue E,

ENTERPRISE - Bijou Theatre.

EOTAULA - Amusu Theatre, 204 Broad St.

EUFAULA - Broadway Theatre.

EUFAULA - Dreamland Theatre.

EVERGREEN- Arcadia Theatre.

FAYETTE - Diiie Theatre.

FLORALA - Electric Theatre.

FLORENCE - Florence Theatre, E. Tennessee St.

FLOBALA- Iris Theatre.

FLORENCE- Theato Theatre.

FLORENCE - Theatorium.

FT. PAYNE - Picto Theatre.

GADSDEN - Alamo Theatre, 510 Broad St.

GADSDEN - Amusu Theatre.

GADSDEN - Belle Theatre, 505 Broad St.

GADSDEN - Royal Theatre, N. E, cor. Broad and Cort Sts.

GREENSBORO- Crescent Theatre. Main St., S. W.

GREENVILLE - Iris Theatre.

GREENVILLE - Princess Theatre.

GUNTERSVILLE - Alamo Theatre.

HARTSELLE - Scenic Theatre.

HUNTSVILLE - Dixie Theatre,

HUNTSVILLE - Theatorium Theatre.

HUNTSVILLE - Washington Theatre.

MARION - Bonita Theatre.

MOBILE - Bijou Theatre. 220 Dauphine St.

MOBILE - Crown Theatre, 257 Dauphine St.

MOBILE - Daisy Theatre. 107 Dauphine St.

MOBILE - Dixie Park Theatre, Dixie Park.

MOBILE - Dreamland Theatre, 11 N. Conception St.

MOBILE - Keener Theatre.

MOBILE - Lyric Theatre.

MOBILE - Mobile Theatre.

MOBILE - People's Theatre.

MOBILE - Royal Theatre, 106 Dauphin St.

MOBILE - Star Theatre.

MONTGOMERY - Empire Theatre, 19 Commerce St. MONTGOMERY - Empress Theatre, 5 Court Sq. MONTGOMERY - Famous Theatre, 119 Monroe St. MONTGOMERY - Grand Theatre, 210 Dexter Ave. MONTGOMERY - Lyric Theatre. MONTGOMERY - Majestic Theatre,

MONTGOMERY - Pekin Theatre, Monroe and Lawrence Sts.

MONTGOMERY- Plaza Theatre, 28 Dexter Ave.

MONTGOMERY - Star Theatre.

MONTGOMERY - Tip Top Theatre.

NEW DACATUE - Delite Theatre, 605 2nd Ave.

NEW DACATUR - Masonic Theatre.

OZARK - Lyric Theatre.

OZARK - Princess Theatre.

OPP - Crown Theatre.

PRATTVILLE - Crescent Theatre.

PBATTVILLE - Edna Theatre.

EAGLAND - Pastime Theatre.

BOANOKE - Scenic Theatre.

SELMA - Academy of Music, Broad St.

SELMA - Bank Theatre.

SELMA - Picto Theatre, 921 Broad St.

SHEFFIELD - Theato Theatre, Montgomery Ave. and 5tli St.

SYLACAUGA - New Fraternal Theatre.

SYLACAUGA - Star Theatre.

TALLADEGA - Crystal Theatre.

TALLEDEGA - Majestic Theatre. 87 Court St.

TALLADEGA - Theodram Theatre.

TROY - Lyric Theatre.

TROY- Boyal Theatre.

TUSCALOOSA - Belvider Theatre.

TUSCALOOSA - Diamond Theatre.

TUSCALOOSA - Electric Theatre, Greensboro Ave.

TUSCALOOSA - Gem Theatre, 24th Ave. and 61h St.

TUSCUMBIA - Pastime Theatre, Sixth St.

TUSKEGEE - Opera House.

UNION SPEINGS - Criterion Theatre.

UNION SPEINGS- Theatorium.

UNIONTOWN - Theatorium.

WETUMJKA - Lyric Theatre.

ARIZONA

BISBEE - Royal Theatre, Main St. BISBEE - O. K. Theatre, O. K. St.

BISBEE - Orpheum Theatre, Brewery Ave. and Review All.

BOWIE - Riggs Hall.

CAMP VKEDE - Camp Verde Theatre.

CASA GEANDE - Auditorium.

CLAEKDALE - X, L. Theatre.

CLIFTON - Empire Theatre.

CLIFTON - Princess Theatre.

DOS COBEZIS - Opera House.

DOUGLAS - The Dime Theatre. 10th St.

FLAGSTAFF - Flagstaff Opera House, San Francisco and Lcroup.

FLAGSTAFF - Majestic Theatre, Aspen, bet. Leroup and Beaver Sts.

FLAGSTAFF - Electric Theatre.

FLOEENCE - Borderland Theatre.

GLEASON - Electric Theatre.

GLOBE - Broadway Theatre, Broad St.

GLOBE - Elks Theatre.

GLOBE - Globe Theatre, 120 Broad St.

GLOBE - Marton Theatre, Broad St.

HAYDEN - Theatro Nacional, Pinal County.

JEEOME - Opera House, Kuchler Bldg.

KINGMAN - Elks Opera House, 4th St.

LOWELL - Lowell Theatre.

LOWELL - Theatorium.

MESA - Mesa Coliseum, Main St.

MESA - Vance's Auditorium, W. Main St.

MESA - M. P. Theatre

METCALF - Metcalf Theatre,

MIAMI - Gem Theatre,

MIAMI - Unique Theatre.

MOEENCI - Empire Theatre. NOGALES - Lyric Theatre, Box 107. NOGALES - Royal Theatre.

PHOENIX - Lamars Theatre, 13 E. Washington St. PHOENI.V - Lion Theatre. PHOENIX - Wigwam Theatre, 31 N. 1st St. PHOENIX - The Coliseum, cor. Monroe and 1st St. PHOENIX - Plaza Theatre, 108 E. Washington St, PRESCOTT - Elks Theatre, N. Cortez St. PRESCOTT - Wonderland Theatre.

PRESCOTT - Electric Theatre, cor. Tez and Monteyma St.

PRESCOTT - New State Theatre.

BAY - Princess Theatre.

RAY - Sonora Town Theatre.

RAY - Juarez Theatre, Sonoro Town.

BAY - Iris Theatre.

SOLOMONVILLE - Graham Theatre.

SWANSEA - M. P. Theatre:

TEMPLE - Goodwin Opera House, Fifth St. .

TOMBSTONE - SchieCfelin Theatre, cor, 4th and Fremont S

TOMBSTONE - M. P. Theatre.

TOMBSTONE - Borderland Theatre.

TUCSON - Clifton Theatre, 32 W. Congress St.

WICKENBUEG - ^Vulture Theatre.

WILCOX - Opera House.

WILLIAMS - Sultana Theatre.

WILLIAMS - WilUam's Theatre.

WINKLEMAN - Mesa Opera House.

WINSLOW - Electric Theatre, Front St.

YUMA - Yuma Theatre, Main St.

YUMA - Zeller Theatre, Main St.

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

ARKANSAS

ARGENTA - Colonial Theatre, 208 Main St.

AKGENTA - Eex Tlieatre.

ABGENTA - Star Theatre. 314 Main St.

ABGENTA - Grand Theatre, 221 Main St.

ABK ADELPHIA - Dixie Theatre.

ABKADELPHIA - Arkade Theatre, Main St.

ABK CITY - Electric Theatre.

ABKANSAS CITY - Electric Tlieatre.

ARKANSAS CITY - Lyric Theatre.

ASHDOWN - Grand Theatre.

ASHDOWN - Majestic Theatre.

ATKINS - Electric Theatre, Eailroad Ave.

BATESVILLE- New Auditorium, Main St.

BATESVILLE - Opera House, Main St.

BENTON - Majestic Theatre.

BENTONVILLE - Royal Theatre.

BENTONVILLE - Princess Theatre.

BEBRYVILLE - Carliton's Theatre.

BLYTHEVILLE - Gem Theatre.

BLYTHEVILLE - Photo Play Tlieatre.

BOONESVILIyE - Electric Theatte.

BBINKLEY - Crystal Palace.

BBJNICLEY - Lyric Theatre, Cypress Ave.

BBINKLEY- Electric Theatre.

CAMDEN - Electric Theatre. California St.

CAMDEN - B. & O. Theatre. Adams and Jefferson Sts.

CLARKSVILLE - Crystal Theatre.

CLAEKSVILLE - New Theatre, S. W. cor. Square.

CLARENDON - Majestic Theatre. Madison St.

CONWAY - Grand Theatre, Oak and Chestnut Sts.

CONWAY - Electric Theatre.

CONWAY - Lyric Amusement Co.

COBNING - Electric Theatre.

COENING - Gem Theatre.

COENING - Starlight Tlieatre.

CEOSSETT - Crossett Opera House, Welch and Fnch. Movies.

DAEDANELLE - Electric Theatre, Main St.

DEQUEEN - Lyric Theatre, cor. Dequeen and 4th Sts.

DE QUEEN- Queen Theatre.

DEEMOTT - Star Theatorium.

DBS ABC - Pastime Theatre.

DES ABC- Summer Theatre.

EL DOEADO - Lyric Theatre.

EL DOEADO - Johnstone Opera House.

EL DOEADO - Opera House.

EL DORADO - Majestic Theatre.

ENGLAND - Dixie Theatre.

EUREKA SPRINGS- Best Theatre.

EUREKA SPEINGS - Wilke Theatre.

EUEEKA SPEINGS - Electric M. P. Parlor.

FAYETTEVILLE - Lyric Theatre. 17-19 Block St.

FAYETTEVILLi; - Ozark Theatre, Box 6. College Ave.

TAYETTEVILLE - Princess Theatre. E. Centre St.

FAYETTEVILLE - Vaudette Theatre.

FOEDYCE - Opera House.

FOEDYCE - Orpheo Amus. Co.

FOEEMAN - Arcade Theatre.

FOBEST CITY - Imperial Theatre.

FOBEST CITY - M. P. Theatre.

FT. SMITH - Electric Park Theatre.

FT. SMITH - Imp. Theatre.

FT. SMITH - Joie Theatre, 808 Garrison Ave.

FT. SMITH - Lyric Theatre. 20 N. 8th St.

FT. SMITH - New Theatre. Garrison Ave. and N. 10th St.

FT. SMITH - Park Theatre.

FT. SMITH - Yale Theatre. 804 Garrison Ave. GRAVETTE - Gravette Theatre. GEAYSONIA - Graysonia Opera House. HAMBURG - Pastime Theatre. HARRISON - Lyric Theatre.

HARRISON - New Armory Theatre. St. Venson Ave. and Spring. HARRISON - Opera Theatre.

HAETFORD - Hall & McMahan, M. P. Theatre.

HABTFOED - New Theatre, Broadway.

HAETFOED - Scenic Theatre.

HEBEE SPRINGS - Jackson Theatre, Main St.

HELENA - Elm St. Theatre.

HELENA- Beech Forest Theatre.

HELENA - Idle Hour Theatre, 515 Clierry St.

HELENA - Pastime Theatre.

HELENA - Royal Theatre.

WEST HELENA - Majestic Theatre.

HIWASSE - Electric Tlieatre.

HOPE - Lyric Tlieatre.

HOPE - Electric Theatre. Front St.

HOPE - Tlieatorium. Front St.

HOT SPEINGS - Auditorium.

HOT SPEINGS - Casmo M. P. Theatre. Whittington Park. HOT SPEINGS - Central Theatre.

HOT SPRINGS - Lyric Theatre. 624 Central Ave.

HOT SPRINGS - New Central Theatre.

HOT SPRINGS - PeMn Theatre, 420 Malvern Ave.

HOT SPRINGS - Princess Theatre.

HOT SPRINGS - Royal Theatre. 720 Central Ave.

HOT SPEINGS - Whittington Pk. Theatre.

HOXIE - Colonial Theatre. Texas St.

HOXIE - Gem Theatre.

HUNTINGTON - Majestic Theatre.

HUTTIG - Princess Theatre.

JONESBOEO - Gem Theatre.

JONESBORO - Grand Theatre, Main.

JONESBORO - Lyceum Main St.

JONESVILLE - Grand Theatre, Main St.

ICNOBEL - Majestic Theatre.

LAKE CITY - Spencer's Opera House.

LESLIE - Electric Theatre.

LINCOLN - Lyric Theatre.

LITTLE ROCK - Alpha Theatre. 704% W. 9th St.

LITTLE ROCK - Crystal Theatre, 118 W. Second St.

LITTLE ROCK - Dixie Theatre. 222 Main St.

LITTLE BOCK - Forest Park Theatre, Forest Park.

LITTLE BOCK - Gem Theatre.

LITTLE BOCK - Lyric Theatre, 511 Main St.

LITTLE BOCK - Majestic Theatre.

LITTLE BOCK - Princess, 120 W. Markam St.

LITTLE ROCK - Royal Theatre, 405-7 Main St.

LITTLE ROCK - Washington Theatre, 114 W. 5th St.

LITTLE BOCK - Wonderland Theatre, 119 Main St.

LONOKE - Magnet Theatre.

MAGAZINE - Majestic Theatre.

MAGAZINE - Opera House.

MAGNOLIA - Grand Theatre.

MANSFIELD - Pastime Theatre, Howard Ave.

MABIANNA - Idle Hour Theatre.

MAEIANNA - Majestic Theatre, 122 W. Main St.

MARKED TREE - Movie Theatre.

MARKED TREE - Princess Theatre. Main St.

McCRORY - Electric Theatre.

MENA - Electric Theatre.

MENA - Lyric Theatre. Maple and Port Arthur Ave.

MIDLAND - Picture Theatre.

MONTICELLO - Amuse U Theatre, Allen St.

MONTICELLO - Eosoc Theatre.

MOBBILLTON - Electric Theatre. Box 121.

MURFREESBORO - Week's Theatre.

NASHVILLE - Summer Theatre. Main St.

NETTLBTON - Orpheum Theatre.

NEWPORT- Newport Theatre. 2nd and Hazel Sts.

NEWPOET - Opera House. 2nd and Hazle Sts.

OSCEOLA - Osceola M. P. Theatre, P. O. Box 73.

OLA - Opera House.

OZAEK - Ozark Theatre.

PABAGOULD - Grand Theatre.

PAEAGOULD - Lyric Theatre. 215 S. Pruett St.

PARAGOULD - New White Way Theatre.

PARIS - Lyric Tlieatre.

PARIS - Pathe Theatre.

PIGGOTT - Pastime Theatre, N. E. cor. Sq. PINE BLUFF - Best Theatre. PINE BLUFF - Elks Theatre, 310 W. 2nd St. PINE BLUFF - Orphio Theatre.

PINE BLUFFS - Theatorium, 119 W. Second Ave.

PLAINVIEW - Willard's Hall.

PRESCOTT - Electric Theatre.

PRESCOTT - Greeson's Opera House.

RECTOR - Crystal Theatre.

RECTOR- Eex Theatre, Main St.

ROGERS - Gem Theatre, Box 23.

ROGERS- Opera House.

RUSSELLVILLE - Electric Theatre. River and Main Sts.

SEARCY - Bijou Theatre Co.

SEARCY - Grand Theatre. P. O. Box 451.

SILOAM SPRINGS - Midway Theatre, St. Nicholis Ave.

SPRINGDALE - Opera House.

STAMPS - Brown Theatre.

STUTTGART - Dell Theatre.

STUTTGART - Stuttgart Opera House.

TEXARKAN.A - Dixie Theatre, 223 E. Broad St.

TEXARICANA - M. P. Theatre, 211 W. Broad St.

TEUMANN - Grand Theatre.

TUCKERMANN - Grand Theatre.

TUBEELI^Dixie Photoplay Theatre.

VAN BUEEN - New Royal Theatre, Main St.

WALNUT RIDGE - Jo-Jo Tlieatre.

WABEBN - Electric Theatre.

WAEEEN - Palace Theatre.

WAEBEN - Pastime Theatre.

WYNNE - Dixie Theatre.

CALIFORNIA

ALAMEDA - Alameda Theatre, Santa Clara and Pk. Sts.

ALAMBDA - Grand Photo Theatre. 1708 Lincoln St.

ALAMEDA - Park Theatre. Park St.

ALAMEDA - Webster Theatre, 1519 Webster St.

ALAMEDA - Webster Playgraph, 1519 Webster St.

ALHAMBRA - Alhambra Theatre, 27 E. Main St.

ANAHEIM - Anaheim Theatre.

ANAHEIM - Fairyland Theatre.

ANAHEIM - Mason Theatre.

ANAHEIM - Star Theatre, 111 W. Center St.

ANGELS CAMP - Angels Theatre. Main St.. nr. 1st St.

ANGELS CAMP - Dreamland Theatre.

ANGELS CAMP - Electric Theatre.

ANGELS CAMP - Iris Theatre, S. Main St.

ANTIOCH - Casino Theatre.

ANTIOCH - Lyric Theatre.

ANTIOCH - Majestic Theatre.

ARBUCKEI^M. P. Theatre.

ARCADIA - Gem Theatre. ARCATA - Gem Theatre.

ARCATA - Pastime Theatre, 8th St.. bet. G. and H. Sts.

ARCATA - Plaza Theatre.

AEROGA GRANDE - La Eue Theatre.

AEROYA GRANDE - Tanner's Theatre.

AETESIA - Auditorium.

AUBURN - Casa Theatre.

AUBUBN - Fairyland Theatre.

AUBURN - Princess Theatre.

AVALON. CATALINA - Summer Ave. Theatre, Summer A' AZUSA - Star Theatre, 112 E. Center St . BADEN - Martin's Theatre, Mail-San Francisco. BAKERSFIELD - Elite Theatre.

BAKEESFIELD - Grogg's Theatre. 2011 Chester Ave. BAKEESFIELD - Lyric Theatre. 1811 K. St. BAKEESFIELD- Opera House.

BAKEESFIELD - Parra's Theatre. 2022-24 Chester Ave.

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

55

CALIFORNIA - Continued

BAKERSFIELD - Pastime Theatre, 1517 19th St. BAKEBSFIELD - Starr Ttieatre. BAXaOA - Balboa Theatre. BAltBOA - Isis Theatre.

BABSTOW - Amuse Theatre, Elm St. Block No. 1. BABSTOW - Fletcher Opera House. BEAUMONT - Opera House. BENICIA - National Theatre, 967 1st St. BENICIA - Photo Theatre.

BEEKELEY - Berkeley Theatre, 2049 University. BEBKELEY - Elite Theatre.

BEBKELEY - Pastime Theatre, 2483 Shattuck Ave.

BEBKELEY - Bex Theatre, 2135 Center St.

BEBKELEY - Bex Theatre, 2167 Addison St.

BEEKELEY - Star Theatre, 2055 University Ave.

BISHOP - Gem Theatre, Main St.

BLACK DLiMOND - Grand Opera House.

BLACK DIAMOND - Palace Theatre.

BLYTHE - Airdome.

BLYTHE - ^Elec. Theatre, Hobson Way.

BEAWLEY - Electric Theatre.

BBAWLEY - Gilbo Theatre.

BBAVVLEY - Huddleton's Am. Palace.

BBEA - Brea Theatre.

BUBBANK - Palace of Pictures.

BUBLINGAME - Pastime Theatre.

CALEXICO - New Lyceum Theatre. 2nd St.

CALISTOGA - Callstoga Theatre.

CAPITOLA - Capitola Theatre.

CAEMEL - Mission Theatre.

CAEMEL - Theatre De Carmel.

CASPEE - Casper Theatre.

CHICO - Broadway Theatre, 325 Broadway.

CHICO - Lyric Theatre.

CHICO - Majestic Theatre. 2nd St. near Broadway.

CHINO - Chine Theatre.

CLABEMONT - College Arms Theatre.

CLOVEEDALE - Novelty Theatre, West St.

CLOVIS - E«x Photo Theatre, 5th St.

COALING - Opera House, 3rd and D Sts.

COALINGA - Liberty Theatre.

COLFAX - Colfax Theatre.

COLFAX - Opera House.

COLTON - Mission Theatre.

COLUSA - Airdome.

COLUSA - Gem Theatre.

COMPTON - Compton Theatre.

CONCOED - Majestic Tlieatre.

COBONA - Electric Theatre, 7th and Main Sts.

COBONA - La Corona Theatre, Main St.

COEONADO - Star Theatre.

GOENING - Maywood Opera House.

COETE MADEBA - Corte Madera Photo" Theatre.

COYINA - Isis Theatre.

COWELL - Cowell Hall, via Bay Point.

CEESCENT CITY - Theatre Endert.

CEOCKETT - Crolona Theatre.

CEOCKETT - Iris Theatre, Post Office Crockett.

CUTTENS - Pastime Theater, via Wasco.

DALY CITY' - Grand View Theatre, San Mateo Co,

DANDSBUEG - Gem Theatre, Club Boom.

DAVIS - Davis Theatre.

DAVIS - Doles Theatre.

DINUBA - Electric Theatre.

DINUBA - Novelty Theatre.

DIXON - Acme Theatre.

DIXON - Palace Theatre.

DOWNEY - Downey Theatre. Crawford St.

DUNSMUIB - Garden and Lee Theatre.

DUNSMUIB - Novelty Theatre. Sacramento Ave.

EAST AIIBUBN - Long's Theatre.

EAST BAKEESFIELD - Lyceum Theatre.

EAST OAKLAND - 23rd Ave. Theatre. 23rd. bet. E. 12th and E. 14th Sts.

EAST SAN DIEGO - Fairmont Theatre. Pauley and University Sts.

EL CA.ION - Annex Theatre.

EL CENTEO - Electric Theatre.

EL CENTEO - L. & S. Theatre, 536 Main St.

EL CENTEO - Tulane Theatre.

ELMHUEST - Elm Theatre.

ELMHUEST - Grand Theatre. 94th and E. 14th St.

EL SEGUNDO - Town Hall.

ELSINOEE - Star Theatre.

EMERYVILLE - Heidelberg Theatre.

ESCONDIDO - Iris Theatre, Grand St.

ESCONDIDO - Princess Theatre. Grand Ave.

EUEEKA - Bell Theatre.

EUEEKA - Colonial Theatre.

EUEEKA - Empire Theatre. E. Street.

EUEEKA - Margarita Theatre, 329 E. 3rd St.

EUEEKA - Pastime Theatre. 413-17 Third St.

EXETER - Forum Theatre.

EXETEE - Novelty Theatre.

EXETEE - Una Theatre, Pine St.

FELLOWS - Star Theatre.

FEBNDALE - Palm Theatre.

FEENDALE - Valerie Theatre.

FIELDS LANDING - Town Hall.

FILLMOEE - Empire Theatre.

FOLSOM - Folsom Theatre.

FOLSOM - Travelle Theatre.

FOET BEAGG - Union Theatre, 258 Main St.

FOBT BBAGG - Sequoia Theatre, cor. McPherson and Laurel.

FOBTUNA - Trilma Theatre.

FEESNO - Empire Theatre. 923 J St.

FRESNO - Fresno Theatre.

FEESNO - Iwata Opera House, 917 F St.

FEESNO - Klnema Theatre. J St.

FEESNO - Majestic Theatre.

FEESNO - Pastime Theatre, 1237 J St.

FEESNO - Princess Theatre.

FEESNO - Private Theatre, 956 China Alley.

FRESNO - Wig^vam Theatre. 1022 I St.

FEUITVALE - Diamonu Theatre.

FEUITV ALE - Fischer's Theatre. 3443 E. 14th St.

FEUITVALE- Star Theatre, 14th and Bassit St.

FULLEBTON - Fullerton Theatre, Spadra Ave.

FULLEBTON - Little Gem Theatre. Spadra Ave.

FULLEBTON - Novelty Theatre. Spadra Ave.

FULLEBTON - Bandall Theatre,

GABDENA - Auditorium.

GEYSEEVILLE - Odd Fellows Hall.

GILEOY - GUroy M. P. Theatre.

GILEOY - World's Theatre. 30-32 Montery St.

GLENDALE - Glendale Theatre. 521 4th St.

GLENDALE - Glendale Theatre, 704 4th St.

GLENDALE - Jewell City Theatre.

GLENDALE - ^Majestic Theatre.

GEASS VALLEY - Auditorium. Hill St.

GBASS VALLEY - Kozy Theatre.

GBIDLEY - Hippodrome Photoplay.

GEIDLEY - J. A. White's Theatre.

GUEENB VILLE - Guern eville Theatre.

GUEENEVILLE - Theatorium.

HAYWAUDS - Bio Theatre.

HAYWAEDS - Haywards Opera House.

HEALDSBUEG - Hansens Opera House.

HEALDSBUEG - M. & M. Nickelodeon, 339 West St.

HEMET - Hemet Theatre. 138 Harvard St.

HILCEEST - Grand View Theatre. San Mateo Co.

HOLLISTEB - Bill Theatre.

HOLLISTEE - Berhervich Theatre; 5th St.

HOLLISTEE - Electric Theatre.

HOLLISTEE - Opal Theatre. San Benito St.

HOLLISTEE - Opal Theatre, Masonic Temple Bldg.

HOLLYWOOD - Hollywood Theatre. 6764 Hollywood Blvd.

HOLLYWOOD - Iris Theatre.

HOLTV'ILLE - Gem Theatre.

HUNTINGTON BEACH - Crescent Theatre.

HUNTINGTON PAEK - Bex Theatre.

IMPEEIAI^Auditorium.

IMPEEIAI^McHenry Theatre,

IMPEEIAL - Playhouse. 805 8th St.

INGLEWOOD - Auditorium.

lONE - Electric Theatre. Main and lone Sts.

lONE - lone Opera House. Main St.

ISLETON - Eckels Tlieatre.

ISLETON - Isleton Theatre.

JACKSON - Grand Theatre. 44 Main St.

JACKSON - Eatto Theatre.

JAMESTOWN - Bell Theatre.

JAMESTOWN - Electric Theatre.

KENNBTT - Edison Theatre.

KENNETT - Gem Theatre. Eailroad Ave.

KENNETT - Kennett Theatre.

KENNETT - Mammoth Mine Theatre.

KEEN - Lysium Theatre.

KING CITY - Novelty Theatre, Broadway.

KINGSBOTG - Family Theatre. Main St.

KINGSBUEG - Pastime Theatre.

LA JOLLA - La JoUa Theatre.

LA JOLLA - Orient Theatre, Glrard and Wall Sts.

LAKEPOET - Photoplay Theatre.

LANKEBSHIM - Mulhall Theatre.

LAEKPPUE - Larkspur Theatre.

LEMOOBE - Amusu Theatre.

LEMOOEE - Lemoore Opera House. Heinlan St.

LEMOOBE - Marvinique Theatre, Heinlan St.

LINCOLN - Photo Theatre.

LINDSAY - Novelty Theatre.

LINDSAY- Bink Theatre.

LIVEEMOEB - Bell Theatre.

LODI - Lyric Theatre, 106 Sacramento St.

LOMPOC - Lompoc Opera House.

LONG BEACH- Art Theatre, 316 Pike St.

LONG BEACH - Balboa Amusement Co., 806 Security Building.

LONG BEACH - Bentley Grand Theatre, on the Pike.

LONG BEACH - Bijou Theatre, on the Pike.

LONG BEACH - Boston Theatre, 344 on the Pike.

LONG BEACH- Columbia Theatre, 233 Pike St.

LONG BEACH - Falrland Theatre, Seaside Boulevard.

LONG BEACH - Joyland Theatre, on the Fike.

LONG BEACH - Pastime Theatre. 311 Pike St.

LONG BEACH - Pickwick Theatre, on the Pike.

LONG BEACH - Theatorium. 35 Pike St.

LONG BEACH - Wigwam Theatre, 113 E. Seaside Blvd.

LOS ANGELES - Academy Tlieatre. 48th and Normandie Sts.

LOS ANGELES - A dolphus Theatre. 320 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - American Theatre, 452 S. Broadway.

LOS ANGELES - Appollo Theatre, 48th St. and Vermont Ave.

LOS ANGELES - Arlington Tlieatre. Wash, and Arlington Sts.

LOS ANGELES - Arrow Theatre, Eighth St. and Broadway.

LOS ANGELES - Auditorium Theatre. 5th and Olive Sts.

LOS ANGELES - Banner Theatre. 456-58 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Bell Theatre, 314 E. 5th St.

LOS ANGELES - Bear Theatre, 825 W. 3rd St.

LOS ANGELES - Beviones Theatre, 1st and Indian Sts.

LOS ANGELES - Butler Theatre, 60S S. Hill St.

LOS ANGELES - Casino Theatre, 4311 Central Ave.

LOS ANGELES - Century Theatre, 523 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES- Clunes Theatre Co., 547 S. Broadway.

LOS ANGELES - Clunes Auditorium. 427 W. 5th St.

LOS ANGELES - College Theatre. 449 S. Hill St.

LOS ANGELES - Colonial Theatre. 3915 E. 1st St.

LOS ANGELES - Columbia Theatre. 2117 W. JeCterson St.

LOS ANGELES - Crescent Theatre. 1716 W. 45th St.

LOS ANGELES - Crystal Theatre. 2602 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Crown Theatre. 527 S. Spring St.

LOS ANGELES - Dayton Theatre, 509 Ave. 28.

LOS ANGELES - De Lux Theatre. Alvarado and Orange Sts.

LOS ANGELES - Dreamland Theatre. 3021 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Electric Theatre, 212 N. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Elite Theatre. 38th and South Pk.

LOS ANGELES - ^El Eodeo Theatre. 5th and Euth Sts.

56

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

Essanay Progress

^You know what "motion pictures" are today.

^You know what the "movies" were ten years ago,

^Do you know what photoplays ten years hence will be?

^Essanay long ago discarded "movies." It has passed the "motion picture" stage. It has reached the day of photodramas and photocomedies.

^Essanay has put a ban on old-time scenarios. It is writing and producing real dramas and comedies. Essanay has an expert corps of dramatists. The most famous authors and playwrights in the world are contributing to Essanay. With such writers as George Ade, Robert C. Chatfield- Taylor, Albert Payson Terhune, Mary Roberts Rinehart, James Oliver Curwood, Edwin Balmer, Henry Oyen, Edith Ogden Harrison, James Op- penheim, Maibelle Heikes Justice and Justus Miles Forman, Essanay stands at the pinnacle in photoplay art.

^Essanay is not content to be up to the times. It is looking ahead. It is now giving you the best in dramatic art, which others will reach in the future.

REG. U. S. PAT.. 1907

1333 ARGYLE STREET CHICAGO, ILL.

REG. U. S. PAT.. 1907

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

57

CALIFORNIA - Continued

LOS AXGKT.ES - ^Family Theatre. 3S26 Stephenson Ave.

LOS AXGELES - Fischer's Theatre, 119 W. First St.

LOS A^TGELES - Gaiety Theatre, 2407 Central Ave.

LOS AAGEUES - Garrick Theatre, 8th and Broadway.

LOS ANGELES - Gem Theatre, 649 S. Slain St.

LOS AXGELES - Globe Theatre, 202 E. 5th St.

LOS ANGELES - Globe Theatre No. 4. 1718 S. Main St.

LOS AXGELES - Happy Hour Theatre, 125 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Highland Park Theatre, 5630 Pasadena Ave.

LOS ANGELES - Hippodrome, 320 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Hoover Theatre, 9th and Hoover Sts.

LOS ANGELES - Idle Hour Theatre, 147 E. Sta. Barbara St.

LOS ANGELES - Idlewild Theatre, 2361 E. 9th St.

LOS ANGELES - International Theatre, 230 E. First St.

LOS ANGELES - Lomax's Theatre, 4327 Central Ave.

LOS ANGELES - Los Angeles Theatre, 340 S. Spring St.

LOS ANGELES - Lyric Theatre, Spring St.

LOS ANGELES- Lyceum Theatre. 227 S. Spring St.

LOS ANGELES - Manny S. Pk. Theatre, 5202 S. Pk. Ave.

LOS ANGELES - Millers Theatre, 9th and Main Sts.

LOS ANGELES - Mission Theatre, 4254 Moneta Ave.

LOS ANGELES - M. P. Theatre, 2710 San Pedro St.

LOS ANGELES - National Theatre, 450 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - New Adolphus Theatre, 318 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - New Federal Theatre, 320 N. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Normandie Theatre, 1276 W. 39th St.

LOS ANGELES - O'Keefe's Theatre, 5263 Moneta Ave.

LOS ANGELES - Olympic Theatre, 523 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Optic Theatre, 446 S. Broadway.

LOS ANGELES - Orchestrian. 527 S. Spring St.

LOS ANGELES - Orpheum Theatre, 630 S. Broadway.

LOS ANGELES - Owl Theatre, 1042-44 Temple St.

LOS ANGELES - Palace Theatre, 47th and Moneta St.

LOS ANGELES - Pearl Theatre, 414 E. 1st St.

LOS ANGELES - Photoplay Theatre. Union and Washington Sts.

LOS ANGELES - Portola Theatre. 529 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Pico Heights Theatre, 2698 Pico St.

LOS ANGELES - Pico Theatre, 1408 W. Pico St.

LOS ANGELES - Plaza Theatre, 423 N. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Play House, Garland and W. 7th Sts.

LOS ANGELES - Photoplay Theatre, 30th and Vermont Sts.

LOS ANGELES - Princess Theatre, 119 W. First St.

LOS ANGELES - Queen Photoplay, 3128 S. Vermont St.

LOS ANGELES - Quinns Garrick Theatre, Broadway and 8th St.

LOS ANGELES - Republic Theatre, S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - ^Kose Theatre, 529 S. Spring St.

LOS ANGELES - Eoyal Theatre, 69th and Holmes Sts.

LOS ANGELES - Savoy Theatre, 5326 S. Central St.

LOS ANGELES - Star Theatre, 2710 San Pedro St.

LOS ANGELES - Sunbeam Theatre, 5722 Pasadena Ave.

LOS ANGELES - Tally's Broadway Theatre, 831-3-5 S. Broadway.

LOS ANGELAS - University Theatre, Jefferson and McClintock.

LOS ANGELES - Victoria Theatre, Pico and Brendo Sts.

LOS ANGELES - ^Westlake Theatre, 090 Alvarado St.

LOS ANGELES - Wigwam Theatre, 6010 Moneta St.

LOS ANGELES - ^Wllshire Theatre, 2nd and Western Ave.

LOS ANGELES - Wonderland Theatre, 315 S. Main St.

LOS ANGELES - Wood Theatre, 1624 Simset Blvd.

LOS ANGELES - Woodlawn Theatre, 147 E. Sta. Barbara St.

LOS BANGS - Los Bancs Theatre.

LOS BANGS - M. P. House.

LOS GATOS - Majestic Theatre.

LOS GATOS - Photoplay Theatre, 280 Main St,

LOS GATOS - Thomas Theatre, Main St.

LOYALTON - Loyalton Theatre.

MADERA - Leggetts Theatre, Yosemite Ave.

MADERA - Madera Op. House.

iLiDERA - Unique Theatre.

MANTECA - Manteca Theatre, Yosemite and Maple Sts. iL^EICOPA - Gate City Theatre. MARICOPA - Golden Gate Theatre. MARICOPA - Majestic Theatre.

MARYSVILLE - Grand Theatre, cor. 3rd and F St. MARYSVILLE - Kinema Theatre. MARYS'raXE - Lyric Theatre, 213 D St. MAEYS^^LLE - Marysville Theatre, cor First and D St. MARTINEZ - Novelty Theatre, Main St. MAXWELL - Unique Theatre. MAYFIELD - Star Theatre.

MELROSE - Fremont Theatre, 86th and Bond Sts. MELROSE - Melrose Theatre, 4409-11 E. 14th St. MERCED - Canal St. Theatre, Canal St. ilERCED - Colonial Theatre. MERCED - Merced Orpheum Theatre, Canal St. >ULL VALLEY' - Hub Theatre. snLL VALLEY - Ye Village Theatre. MODESTO - Modesto Tlieatre, 917 10th St. MODESTO - Star Theatre. MOJAVE - Clark Theatre.

MONTEREY - Bagby Theatre, 307 Alvarado St.

MONTEREY - Mark Nanna's Star Theatre, Star Theatre Bldg.

MONTEREY - Monterey Theatre, Alvarado St.

MON-BOVIA - illssion Theatre, 225 E. Lime St.

MORON - Midway Theatre.

MOUNTAIN VIEW - Glen Theatre,

NAPA - Gem Theatre.

NAPA - Hayes Theatre, First St.

NAPA - Novelty Theatre, First and Randolph Sts.

NAPA - Unique Theatre, 222-4 2nd St.

N-iTIONAL CITY - Orpheum Theatre, National Ave., P. O. Box '

NKEDLES - New Opera House.

VF.V.ADA CITY - Broadway Theatre, Broad St.

NEVAliA CITY - The Nevada, Broad St.

NKWM AX - Edison Theatre.

N1V\"M AN - Electric Theatre.

NILES - Conner's Theatre.

NILES - Edison Theatre.

OAKDALE - Star Theatre, P. O. Box 517.

OAKLAND - Allendale Theatre. 2820 38th St.

OAKLAND - Alpha Theatre, 14th nr. 72nd St.

OAKLAND - Bell Theatre. 23rd and E. 14th St.

OAKLAND - Browns Theatre, 857 Broadway.

OAKLANT) - Camera Theatre, 1071 Broadway.

OAKLAND - Cashmore Theatre, 1141 23rd Ave.

OAKLAND - Claremont Theatre. 5110 Telegraph Ave.

OAKLAND - Colonial Tlieatre, Telegraph Ave.

OAKLAND - Edison Theatre, Brookdale and 38th Sts.

OAKLAND - FrankUn Theatre, 14th and Franklin Sts,

OAKLAND - Gem Theatre. 473 8th St.

OAKLAND - Globe Theatre, 1422 23rd St.

OAKLAND - Golden Gate Theatre, 5788 San Pablo Ave.

OAKLAND - Grand Theatre, 52 San Pablo Ave.

OAKLAND - Idora Park Theatre, 56th and Telegraph Ave.

OAKLAND - Home Theatre, 1434 E. 14th St.

OAKLAND - Linden Theatre, 1051 7th St.

OAKLAND - Lyric Theatre, 1064 Broadway.

OAKLAND - Majestic Theatre, 7th and Campbell Sts.

OAKLAND - Marlowe Theatre, 1005 Broadway.

OAKLAND - Marquee Theatre, 7th and Market Sts.

OAKLAND-MELROSE - Melrose Theatre, 4415 E. 14th St.

OAKLAND - Mosswood Theatre, 3685 Telegraph Ave,

OAKLAND - Novelty Theatre, 1065 Broadway.

OAKLAND - Oakland Photo Theatre, 1532 Broadway.

OAKLAND - Oakland Theatre, Broadway and 15th St.

OAKLAND - Orpheum Theatre. 12th and Clay Sts.

OAKLAND - Palm Theatre, 7th and Federal Sts.

OAKLAND - Pastime Theatre, San Pablo Ave.

OAKLAND - Piedmont Theatre, 40th St. and Piedmont Ave.

OAKLAND - Portola Theatre, 4916 Telegraph Ave.

OAKLAND - Regent Theatre, 1116 Broadway.

OAKLAND - Rockrldge Theatre, 5600 College Ave.

OAKLAND - Santa Fe Theatre, 5623 Grove St,

OAKLAND - Sequla Theatre, 2526 Telegraph Ave.

OCEAN PARK - Brooks Theatre, 118 Ashland Ave.

OCEAN PARK- New La Petite Theatre, Ocean Front.

OCEAN PARK - Princess Theatre, Pier Ave. and Ocean Front.

OCEAN PARK - Willota Theatre.

OCEANSIDE - Optic Theatre.

ONTARIO - Crescent Pictorial, 224 N. Euclid Ave. ONTARIO - Euclid Photoplay Theatre, 137 N. Euclid Ave. ONTARIO - Luna Theatre. ONTARIO - ^Mission Theatre.

ONTARIO - Ontario Pictorlum Theatre, Euclid Ave.

ORANGE - Electric Theatre, S. Glassell St.

ORANGE - Orange Theatre.

ORLAND - Pastime Theatre.

ORLAND - Orland Opera House.

OROVILLE - Gardella Theatre, 400 Meyers St.

OROVILLE - Gardella Theatre, 604 Montgomery St.

OROVILLE - Oro Theatre.

OXNARD - Roosevelt Tlieatre.

OXNARD - Victory Theatre, C and 5th St.

PACIFIC GROVE - ^Bon Ton Theatre.

PACIFIC GROVE - Colonial Theatre,

PALO ALTO - Jewell Theatre, High St.

PALO ALTO - Novelty Theatre, 185 University Ave.

PASADENA - Clunes Pasadena Theatre, 61 W. Colorado St.

PASADENA - Corey Theatre, 1246 N. Fair Oaks.

PASADENA - Fischer's Theatre, 75 N. Oakes St.

PASADENA - Pasadena Theatre.

PASADENA - Tally's Theatre.

PASADENA - Warner's Theatre, 28 E. Colorado St, PASO ROBLES - Bell Theatre, 12th St. PASO ROBLES - Star Theatre.

PATTERSON - Patterson Theatre, Del Puerto Ave. PERRIS - Perris Op. House.

PETALtTMA - American Theatre, 135 Main St. PETALUILA - Gem Theatre.

PETALUMA - Hill Opera House, cor. Keller and Washington,

PETALUMA - Mystic Theatre.

PETALUMA - Star Theatre, 138 Kentuclty St.

PETALUMA - Unique Theatre, 4th St.

PINOLE - Star Theatre.

PLACENTIA - Isis Theatre.

PLACERVILLE - Elite Theatre.

PI/ACERVILLE - Idle Hour Theatre,

PLACERVILLE - Orpheum Theatre, Main St.

PLEASANTON - Gem Theatre.

POINT AREAN - Scotts Opera House.

POMONA - Belvidere Theatre, 265 Gary Ave.

POMONA - La Pietoria Theatre, 1033 W. Second St.

POMONA - Lyric Theatre, 366 W. 22nd St.

PORTERVILLE - Majestic Theatre, Mill St.

PORTERVILLE - Moore's Opera House, 154 Main St.

PORTERVILLE - Novelty Theatre, MUl St.

PORTERVILLE - Opera House.

PT. RICHMOND - Point Theatre.

PT. RICHMOND - Royal Theatre, 316 Richmond Ave. QUINCY - Quincy Opera House. RANDSBUKG - Gem Theatre Club Room.

RED BLUFF - New Empire Theatre, Walnut St., P, 0, Box 542,

RED BLUFF - Princess Theatre,

RED BLUFF- Red Bluff Op, House.

REDDING - Dreamland "nieatre. 404 Butte St,

REDDING - Majestic Theatre, Tehama and Market Sts.

REDLANDS - Grand Theatre.

REDLANDS - Tally's Theatre.

REDWOOD CITY - Bell Theatre, Main St.

REDWOOD CITY - Edison Theatre, 222 Main St.

REDONDO - Art Theatre.

REDONDO BEACH - Pastime Theatre,

REEDLEY - Airdome.

REEDLEY - Grand Theatre.

REEDLEY - Halcyon Theatre.

REEDLEY - Jensen Opera House.

RICHMOND - Richmond Theatre.

RIPON - Star Theatre.

RIVERBANK - Dreamland Theatre.

RWERSIDE - Auditorium, 1075 S. Main St.

RUTBRSIDE- Loeing Opera House.

ROCKLAND - Electric Theatre, Main St.

ROSEVILLE - Bell Theatre.

ROSE'^ILLE - Doris Theatre. Vernon St.

SACRAMENTO - Actograph Theatre. 918 K St.

SACRAMENTO - Bell Theatre, 1025 Fifth St.

SACRAMENTO - Clunie Theatre. J St.

58

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

Photoplays Sell Goods

^Photoplay advertising is applicable to every manufacturing and commercial business.

^Essanay's expert dramatists write a story with a plot around your plant or your product. It gives life and action to the things you sell, from corsets to cement.

^The picture stamps itself indelibly on the mind where direct advertising leaves no impression.

^Dramatize your selling points. Take your factory to the public by interesting photoplays.

^Essanay shows you how to do this. A special de- partment is devoted to it.

^Essanay has developed the commercial film to the highest point of efficiency and consequently it is the best adapted to exploit your product by this method.

^Photoplays interest all. Get your public inter- ested and sales are sure to follow.

^Let us formulate a plan for you, to show how Essanay photoplays can profitably be used in your advertising work.

REG. U. S. PAT.. 1907

Commercial Department 521 First National Bank Bldg. CHICAGO, ILL.

REG. U. S. PAT.. 1907

AMERICAN MOTION PICTURE DIRECTORY

59

CALIFORNIA - Continued

SACRAMENTO - Empire Theatre. 423 K St. SACKAMENTO - Fairyland Theatre, 710 K St. SACRAMENTO - Gaiety Theatre. 3002 35th St. SACRAMENTO - Grand Tlieatre, 1117 Seventh St. SACRAMENTO - Liberty Theatre. 617 K St. SACRAMENTO - Lyric Theatre, 6th St., bet. K and L. SACRAMENTO - Majestic Theatre, 312 K St. SACRAAIENTO - Mickle Theatre, 3002 35th St., Oak Pk. SACRAMENTO - Nippon Tlieatre, 328 L St. SACRAMENTO - Orpheum Theatre, 1201 J St. SACRAMENTO - Princess Theatre. 3416 Sacramento St. SACRAMENTO - Rays Theatre. 321 K St. SACRAilENTO - Sequoia Theatre, 909-11 K St. SACRAMENTO - T. and D. Theatre DeLuxe, 613 K. St. ST. HELENA - J. Galewsky and J. Goodman Theatre. Main St. SALINAS - Elite Theatre. Gabilan St. SALINAS - White Theatre. SAN ANSELMO - Anselmo Theatre. Oak St. SAN BERNARDINO - Auditorium Theatre. SAN BERNARDINO - Liberty Theatre. SAN BERNARDINO - Opera House.

SAN BERNARDINO - Temple Theatre. 618-620 3rd Ave. SAN BERNARDINO - Unique Theatre. 343 3rd St. SAN DIEGO - Alhambra Theatre. 815 5th St. SAN DIEGO - Bijou Theatre. 943 4th St. SAN DIEGO - Come Again Theatre. SAN DIEGO - Crystal Theatre, 1530 E St. SAN DIEGO - Dream Theatre, 755 5th St. SAN DIEGO - Garrick Theatre. 5th and B Sts. SAN DIEGO - Hillcrest Theatre. 3827 5th St. SAN DIEGO - Isis Theatre. SAN DIEGO - Mission Theatre. 911 7th St. SAN DIEGO - New Grand Theatre. 1141 5th St. SAN DIEGO - Palace Theatre, 4th and E Sts. SAN DIEGO - Plaza Theatre, on Plaza. SAN DIEGO - Princess Theatre, 4th St. SAN DIEGO - Union Theatre, 739 Fifth St. SAN DIMAS - Unique Theatre. SAN FERNANDO- Jewell Theatre. SAN FRANCISCO - Acme Theatre. 1249 Stockton St. SAN FRANCISCO - Acme Theatre, 4083 24th St. SAN FRANCISCO - Bell Theatre, 538 Columbus Ave. SAN FRANCISCO - Best Theatre, Pacific and Hyde Sts. SAN FRANCISCO - Broadway Theatre, 618 Broadway. SAN FRANCISCO - Capitol Theatre, 3556 Sacramento St. SAN FRANCISCO - Castro Theatre, 454 Castro St. SAN FRANCISCO - Class A Theatre, 1745 Fillmore St. SAN FRANCISCO- Clement Theatre, 19th Ave. and Clement St. SAN FRANCISCO - Courtland Theatre. 802 Courtland Ave. SAN FRANCISCO - Davis Theatre. 2507 Mission St. SAN FRANCISCO - Electric Theatre. 1326 Fillmore St. SAN FRANCISCO - Electric Theatre. 227 Church St. SAN FRANCISCO - Electric Theatre. 1932 Union St.. nr. Laguna. SAN FRANCISCO - Elite Theatre. 1110 Market St. SAN FRANCISCO - Empress Theatre. Market St.. bet. 5th and 6th. SAN FRANCISCO - E. VV. Thurman. 935 Market St. SAN FRANCISCO - Excelsior Theatre. 4734 Mission St. SAN FRANCISCO - Fairyland Theatre. 445 Devisadero St. SAN FRANCISCO- Fisher's Theatre. 7th Ave. and Clement St. SAN FRANCISCO - Flag Theatre. Green and Stockton Sts. SAN FRANCISCO - Glenodeon Theatre. 2774 Diamond St. SAN FRANCISCO - Globe Theatre. Mission and 24th Sts. SAN FRANCISCO - Golden City Theatre, 2470 San Bruno Ave. SAN FRANCISCO - Golden Eagle Theatre, 1259 9th Ave. SAN FRANCISCO - Grand Theatre, 2605 lUsslon St. SAN FRANCISCO - Haight St. Theatre, 1700 Haight St. SAN FRANCISCO - Haussliss Theatre, 1757 Fillmore St. SAN FRANCISCO - Hayes Theatre, 381 Hayes St. SAN FRANCISCO - Home Theatre, 135 Raymond Ave. SAN FRANCISCO - Ingleodeon Theatre, 973 Ocean Ave. SAN FRANCISCO - Halcyon Theater, 275 Devisadero St. SAN FRANCISCO - Imperial Theatre, Market St. SAN FRANCISCO - Jose Theatre, 2362 Market St. SAN FRANCISCO - Kearney Theatre, 825 Kearney St. SAN FRANCISCO - Lapetite Theatre, Sacto and Presidio Sts. SAN FRANCISCO - Liberty Theatre, 4200 18th St. SAN FRANCISCO - Liberty Theatre, 655 Broadway. SAN FRANCISCO - Liberty Theatre, Haight and Fillmore Sts. SAN FRANCISCO - Lincoln Theatre, 6th Ave., nr. Clement St. SAN FRANCISCO- Lyceum Theatre, 809 Kearney St. SAN FRANCISCO - Majestic Theatre, Mission, bet. 20th and 21st. SAN FRANCISCO - Majestic Theatre, 331 3rd St. SAN FRANCISCO - Market St. Theatre, 936 Market St. SAN FRANCISCO- National Theatre, Post and Steiner Sts. SAN FRANCISCO - New Excelsior Theatre, Ocean Ave. and Harold St.. Ingleside.

SAN FRANCISCO - Old California Theatre. 498 Pacific St. SAN FRANCISCO - Oriental Theatre, 1038 Dupont St. SAN FRANCISCO - Orpheum Tlieatre, 135-159 O'Farrell St.

SAN FRANCISCO - Pacific SAN FBANCIsro - SAN FRANrlS( (i^ SAN FBAM I-i M SAN FRANC I-i I ' SAN FBAN( u SAN FRAN('I.-« II- SAN FRANCI

1557 Hyde St. heatre, 1708 Union St. - atre, 6th Ave. and Clement St. Theatre, 4621 Mission St. Theatre, 1025 Market St. l lieatre, 387 Haight St. Theatre, 2507 Mission St. lay Tlieatre, 24th and Bryant Sts.

SAN FRANCISCO - Polk St. Theatre, Polk and Sacramento Sts. SAN FRANCISCO - Portola Theatre, 779-781 Market St. SAN FRANCISCO - Princess Theatre, Ellis, nr. Fillmore St. SAN FRANCISCO - Queen Theatre, 1537 Polk St. SAN FRANCISCO - Regent Theatre, 2251 Fillmore St. SAN FRANCISCO - Republic Theatre, Sutter and Steiner Sts. SAN FRANCISCO - Sherman Theatre, 2614 Mission St. SAN FRANCISCO - Silver Palace Theatre, 725 Market St. SAN FRANCISCO - 16th St. Theatre, 16th. nr. Mission St. SAN FRANCISCO - Sunset Theatorium. 166 N. Height St. SAN FRANCISCO - Sutter Theatre. 2060 Sutter St. SAN FRANCISCO - Techan Tavern Theatre. Powell and Market Sts. SAN FRANCISCO - Thalia Theatre. 514 Pacific St. SAN FRANCISCO - Unique Theatre. 757 Market St. SAN. FRANCISCO - Vicksburg Theatre. 3867 24th St. SAN FRANCISCO - V-Odeon Theatre, 749 Market St.

SAN FRANCISCO - Wo Sts.

lington Squa

ney and Washington

SAN FRANCISCO - Wigwam Theatre. 247 Mission St. SANGER - Bell Theatre. 1172 7th St. SANGER - Opera House. SANGER - Orpheum Theatre. Seventh St. SANGER - Theatorium, cor. 7th and N Sts. SAN JOSE - Empire Theatre, N. 2nd St. SAN JOSE - Lyric Theatre, 61 S. 2nd St. SAN JOSE - Premium Theatre, 125 S. 1st St. SAN JOSE - Princess Tlieatre, 32 N. 1st St. SAN JOSE - Victory Theatre. 2nd St. SAN LEANDRO - Best Theatre.

SAN LEANDRO - San Leandro Theatre. Callen Ave.

SAN LUIS OBISPO - El Montrly Theatre.

SAN LUIS OBISPO - Novelty Theatre. Osas St.

SAN LUIS OBISPO - San Luis Theatre. 874 Monterey St.

SAN LUIS OBISPO - Star and Crescent Theatre.

SAN MATEO - Hart's Theatre, B St., P. O. Box 478.

SAN MATEO - Peninsular Theatre, B St., bet. 2nd and 3rd Sts.

SAN PEDRO - Globe Theatre.

SAN PEDRO - Majestic Theatre.

SAN RAFAEI^Hitchcock Military Academy.

SAN RAFAEL - Star Tlieatre, 824 4th St.

SANTA ANA - Bell Theatre, 308 Main St.

SANTA ANA - Clune's Santa Ana Theatre.

SANTA ANA - Temple Theatre, 3rd and Bush Sts.

SANTA BARBARA- Argus Theatre.

SANTA BARBARA - Kuhns Theatre.

SANTA BARBARA - La Petite Theatre, 622 State St.

SANTA BARBARA - Mission Theatre, 618 State St.

SANTA BARBARA- Portola Theatre. 723 State St.

SANTA BARBARA - Riggslee Theatre, 619 State St.

SANTA BARBARA - Tally Theatre. 904 State St.

SANTA BARBARA - Victory Theatre. 619 State St.

SANTA CLARA - Santa Clara Theatre.

SANTA CRUZ - Jewel Theatre, 161 Pacific Ave.

SANTA CRUZ - Unique Theatre, 201 Pacific Ave.

SANTA MARIA - Gaiety Theatre.

SANTA MONICA - Dreamland Theatre, 1434 3rd St. SANTA MONICA - Majestic Theatre. SANTA PAULA - Electric Theatre, Main St. SANTA ROSA - Columbia Theatre. 3rd and B Sts. SANTA ROSA - EUte Theatre, 518 4th St. SANTA ROSA - Santa Rosa Theatre. 509 4th St. SAUSALITO - Swastika Theatre. Water St. SAWTBLLE - National Theatre, 208 4th St. SAWTELLE - Star Tlieatre. SCOTIA - Opera House. SEBASTOPOL - Analy Theatre. SBLMA - Klevot Theatre, P. O. Box 752. SELMA - Unger Opera House. SULMA - Star Theatre, 1962 High St. SISSON - Pastime Tlieatre. Walnut St. SOLEDAD - Dreamland Theatre. Wescot Bloc-k. SONOMA - Don Theatre.

SOUTH BERKELEY - Lorin Theatre, 3324 Adaline St. SOUTH PASADENA - Gem Theatre.

SOUTH PASADENA - South Pasadena Theatre. 1118 Mission Rd. SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO - Bay View Theatre. 1101 R. R. Ave View.

SPRECKELS - Spreckels Theatre, R. R. Ave. STOCKTON - Colonial Theatre. STOCKTON - Garrick Theatre. STOCKTON - Grand Theatre. STOCKTON - Idle Hour Theatre. STOCKTON - Lvric Theatre. 28 S. Sutter St. STOCKTON - Maze Tlieatre. 214 Main St. STOCKTON - Orpheum Theatre. STOCKTON - Star Theatre. 114 E. Main St. STOCKTON - stockini. Tliiatre. 33 E. Main St.

.nd California Sts.

SI 11 1 1 I - I 1 TAFT - Olympian Theatre. Centre SI TAFT - Blaidsdell Opera House. Ccn TAFT - Comet Theatre. TRACY - 'Hicodenn Theatre. TR.M'Y - Triii v Tlipatre.

Tr]..\i;i M.I . Theatre. Front St.

Trui IK K I': Theatre. Front St..

Tl lil-n, K- - \\ Inland Theatre.

UivIAll - \ iriniy Theatre. 103 S. State UKIAH - Pastime Theatre. Box 594. UPLANDS - Lvric Theatre. VACAVILLE - Vacaville Theatre. VALLE.TO - Bell Tlieatre. filO Marin St. VAl,..rj»p - I'nn liKMirc, Georgia St

A .\ 1. 1 I M I I , . , . I r, Georgia St

3. 21S Georgia St. via Crockett, on the Pier.

riO Main

VENTURA - \entura Theatre.

VIsALIA - Farrow Summer Garden Theatre. Court

VISALIA - Novelty Theatre.

VISALIA - Opera House.

WALNUT GROVE - Imperial Theatre.

WATSONVILLE - Brooklyn Theatre, Sub-Brooklyn

WATSONVILLE - Lyric Theatre. 316 Main St.

PHOrODRAMA COMEDY

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A .M P: R I C A X .M (J T I 0 X PI C T U R E DIRE C T 0 R Y

CALIFORNIA - Continued

WATSONVILLE - Opera House. WATTS - ^Watts Theatre.

WEAVEEVILLE - Eecreatlon Tlieatre, Main St. WEAVER^^LLI^PastiIne Theatre, WEED - Opera House.

WEST BERKELEY - Varsity Theatre, University St, WEST OAKLAND - Palm Theatre, 7th and Campbell Sts. WHEATLAND - Wliealland Theatre, WHlTTIEP^Eerry Theatre, 111 S, Bright Ave.

WHITTIEI^-Family TTieatrc, 124 S. Greenleaf Ave.

WHITTIEK - Optic Tl-ieatre, 111 S. Greenleaf Ave.

WILLIAMS - Lyric Theatre.

WILLIT.S - Majestic Theatre, 314 Main St.

WILLOWS - Fairyland Theatre, 145 Tehama St.

WILLOWS - Pastime Theatre, Tehama St.

WILLOWS - Willows Opera House, 228 Sycamore St.

WOODLAND - Dream Theatre.

WOODLAND - Elite Theatre, 414 l8t St.

COLORADO

AGUILAK - Lyric Theatre, AGUILAR - Opera Hoase. AGUILAK - Princess Theatre, Main St. AGUILAR- Majestic Theatre. ALAMOSA - Lyric Theatre. ALAMOSA - Oliver Opera House, Main St. ANTONITO - Lyric Theatre. ANTONITO - Star Theatre. AULT - Little Princess Theatre. BEHTHOUD - Moon Theatre. BOULDER - Gem Theatre. BOULDER- Rex Theatre.

BOULDER - Curran Opera Hou.se, 2034 14th St. BOULDER - Mission Theatre. BOULDER - Touvie Theatre. BRECKENRIDG15 - Eclipse Theatre. BBECKENBIDGE - Breckenridgc Theatre. BRIGHTON - Dreamland Theatre. BRIGHTON - Alpha Theatre. BRUSH - Enterprise Theatre. BRUSH - Princess Theatre. BUENA "VISTA - Princess Theatre.

BUBNA VISTA - New Orpheum Theatre, E. Main St.

CANON CITY - Canon City Opera House, 614 Main St.

CANON CITY - Majestic Theatre, 425 Main St.

CENTRAL CITY - Opera House.

COLORADO SPRINGS - Majestic Theatre.

COLORADO SPRINGS - Princess Theatre, 126 E. Pike j

COIX^HADO SPRINGS - Savoy Theatre.

COLORADO SPRINGS - Crystal Tlieatre, 11 S. Tcjon St.

COLORADO .SPRINGS - Stratton Park Theatre.

CRIPPLE CREEK - Opera House.

CRIPPLE CREEK - Star Theatre, 216 E. Bennett Ave, DEL NOBTE - Theatorium Theatre. DELTA - Gayety Theatre, 256 Main St. DELTA - Lyric Theatre.

DENVER - Alcott Theatre. 4l8t and Tennyson St. DENTEP^Alpha Theatre, 2715 W. Colfax Ave. DENVER - Annex Theatre, 2120 Larimer St. DENVER - Baker Theatre, 1445 Lawrence St. DENVER - Broadway Theatre, 18th and Broadway. DENVER - Colfax Theatre, 708 E. Colfax Ave. DEN-VEE - Colonial Theatre. 1629 Curt;is St. DENVER - Comet Theatre, 2553 Welton St. DBN'VEH - Dreamland Theatre, 1528 Larimer St. DENVER - Du Bols Theatre, 2945 Zuni St. DENVER - Du Bols Theatre. 8th Ave. and Broadway. DEN'VEB - Ernhlem Theatre. 31st and Williams Sts. DENVER - Empress Theatre, 1615 Curtis St. DENVER - Electric Theatre, 3704 Downing Ave. DEN'VER^EIectric Theatre, 3843 Walnut St. DENVER - 11th Ave. Theatre, 11th St. and Broadway. DEN'VEB- Family Theatre, 3623 W. 32nd Ave. DENVEE^Famlly Theatre, 218 Broadway. DENVEP^Frollc Theatre, 2741 Larimer St. DEN-VER - Fun Theatre, 1624 Larimer St. DEN-VlsB - Gayety Theatre, 1084 Broadway. DENVER - fJem Theatre, 2537 15th St. DEN^'ER - Globe Theatre, 4836 Wash St. DEN-VER - Grand Theatre, 657 Jason St. DENT^ER- Hippodrome, 1215 16th St. DENVER- Highland Theatre, 3627 W. 32nd Ave. DEN-VEE - Hub Theatre, California and Downing Sts. DENVER - Ideal Theatre, 3656 Navajo .St. DEN-VER - Iris Theatre, 1746 Curtis St. DENVER - Isis Theatre, 1632 Curtis St. DEN-VER- Ivy Theatre, 8th and James Sts. DENVER - La Bona Theatre, 3358 Navajo St. DEN-\-ER - Lux Theatre, 525 B. Miss. ,St, DEN-VER - Lyric Theatre. 1017 16th St. DEN"VER - Lyric Theatre, 2287 W. Colfax Ave,

Curtis

2748 Lafayette St, 1423 26th Ave. !4ti] and Franklin Sts. r. , .!216 ZunI St.

r. 1 :; Welton St. ' '.ili.in .St.

K. Colfax Ave.

DENVER- .Majestic DliNViCR - Mascot Theatre DE.WEK - Mascot Theatre DEN'V'ER - My.Hti'- Th.ati-f. DEN'VER - North Si l- -n,. DEN-^'ER - Orpli". i DENVER - 0/.7. I I' DENVER - Pat!' ; i

DEN-^'EH - Pelli i i JT r, w coirax ,

DENVER - Prinr, l >: , u:-J i ( urti

DENVER - Rex i ) DENVER - Bex I :

DENVER - Royal l ... . j ..; I

DENVER - 22n.J A:- Ti...»i..-. 2<i:.h WaHli. J DEOTER - TheatorJinn, 10J7 iCtli .St. DENVER - West Side Theatre. 769 .Jason St. DENVER - York Theatre, York and Colfax Sta. DURANGO - Electric Theatre, DUEANGO - Gem Theatre, 1001 Main St. EATON - Eaton Picture Theatre. -

EEIE - Erie Theatre.

ESTES PARK - Park Theatre.

FLORENCi! - Crystal Theatre. 118 E. Main .St,

FLORENCE - Isls Theatre, 116 E. Main St.

FLOEENCIt; - Florence Theatre.

FLORENCE - Opera House.

FORT COLLIN.S - Empress Theatre, 163 N. College Ave. FORT COLLIN.S - Lyric Theatre.

FORT COLLINS - Majestic Theatre, 137 College Ave. FORT COLLINS - Orpheum Theatre. College Ave. FOET MORGAN - Isis Theatre. 315 Main St. FOWLER - Dreamland Theatre. FRUITA - Majestic Theatre, E. Aspen Ave. GEORGETOWN - Opera House.

GLENWOOD SPRING.S - Odeon Theatre, 312 7th St. GLENWOOD SPRINGS - Pastime Theatre, Grand Ave. GOLDEN - Gem Theatre, 13th St. and Washington Ave. GRAND JUNCTION - Crystal Theatre, 556 Main St. GRAND JUNCTION - Isis Theatre. GRAND JUNCTION - Majestic Theatre, 540 Main St. GEAND JUNCTION - Orpheum Theatre, 439 Main St. GREELEY - Orpheum Theatre, 706 Avenue 8. GEEELEY - Park Theatre, 920 9th St.

GEEELEY - SterUng Theatre, 9th Ave., bet. 9th and 10th Su. GUNNISON - Electric Theatre.

GUNNISON - Unique Theatre, Center and Main Sts.

HAYDEN - Parks Hall.

HOLLY - Electric Theatre.

HOLLY - Opera House.

HUGO - Empress Theatre.

HUGO - ^Princess Theatre.

IDAHO SPRINGS - Opera House, Box 353.

JULESBtrEG - Foss Theatre.

JULESBURG - Hippodrome.

JULESBURG - M