Waldo directory, 1922

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THE

ENGINEERmG FOUNDATiON

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES

IN THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Publication Number 5

TC 153 cgS™*" ""'**''"'> '-"-ra'T * Hf scriptive directory of hydraulic lab

3 1924 003 924 705

ENGINEERING SOCIETIES BUILDING

NEW YORK CITY JUNE, \99st

Cornell University Library

The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003924705

THE

ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

Administered Under the Auspices of

united engineering society

american society of civil engineers

american institute of mining and metallurgical engineers

american society of mechanical engineers

american institute of electrical engineers

A DESCRIPTIVE DIRECTORY OF

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES IN U. S. A

COMPILED FOR THE

HYDRAULIC RESEARCH COMMITTEE

J. WALDO SMITH SILAS H. WOODARD

By ALFRED D. FLINN, Secretary

Publication Number 5

ENGINEERING SOCIETIES BUILDING

NEW YORK CITY

JUNE, 1922

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Engineering Foujjdation: A Definition 4

Foreword 5

Alphabetical List and Index 7

Descriptions of Laboratories : 9

Officers and Members of Board for 1922 80

Forms for Deed of Gift and Bequest 81

Publications 82

Research Narratives 82

ENGINEERING FOUNDATION - A DEFINITION

Engineering Foundation is an instrumentality for the encouragement and support of research, created for the American Society of Civil Engineers, American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Institute of Electrical Engineers by United Engineering Society, incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, May ii, 1904, to hold and administer real estate, endowment funds and other properties for these four Founder Societies. It is a depart- ment of United Engineering Society.

The purpose of Engineering Foundation is to exalt the profession of engineering, through increased capacity for service. Its scope is broad, since it was established "for the furtherance of research in science and in engineering, or for the advancement in any other manner of the profession of engineering and the good of mankind." It was founded in 1914 by Ambrose Swasey, whose gifts were intended as the nucleus of a large endowment, to which there would in time be many other contributors.

Engineering Foundation represents in the field of research the four Founder Societies with their 50,000 members. It is a liaison agency between engineers on one hand and scientists and technologists on the other hand, in activities concerned with research in all branches of the mathematical, physical and biological sciences, and their applications. Nor is the Foundation unmindful of the personnel element in engineer- ing and industry and the desirability of studying the problems in this field. Engineering Foundation seeks to serve the Profession and its allied industries, and through them, our country and the world.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES IN U. S. A.

FOREWORD

HYDRAULICS, as an art and a science, is of respectable antiq- uity. Until very modern times, however, the experiments on which the science was based were, in most instances, con- ducted on a scale that can be characterized only as minute in compari- son with quantities and structures in practical use. In recent years, a number of laboratories have been established with much larger equip- ment - in some cases of full practical size.

There is need for many additions to our experimental knowledge. One step of progress was believed to be the collection and publication of authoritative information concerning hydraulic laboratories in our country. Publication of this information in form for convenient reference, should promote the use of the facilities of the laboratories for research as well as for testing, instruction, and other routine work. Many of the laboratories are in engineering colleges and are intended primarily for instructional purposes, but there is much time when their equipment is not so used and might be employed for experimental research.

In this directory descriptions have been given only of those labora- tories from which the information was supplied in response to the request of Engineering Foundation. Names, only, of a few other laboratories have been included in the list. Some organizations believed to have laboratories did not respond to the inquiry. There may also be a few laboratories of which, unfortunately, Engineering Founda- tion had no knowledge and to which consequently no inquiries were addressed. Therefore, the list probably is not complete.

The letters of inquiry were in the following form :

Hydraulic Laboratories in U. S. A. Gentlemen :

No descriptive directory of the hydraulic laboratories in the U. S. is known to exist. Such a directory would be useful to many persons in a number of ways. Engineering Foundation's Committee on Hydraulic Research has undertaken to compile the needed information so that it may be generally available. If you have a hydraulic laboratory, please assist by sending informa-

6 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

tion about your laboratory in any form most convenient for you. Kindly cover :

1. Name of laboratory;

2. Year established;

3. Kinds of work for which the laboratory is especially fitted;

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests;

(a) By gravity

(b) By pumping

5. Principal pieces of equipment, with brief notes on size, capacity, precision or other features of interest;

6. Very unusual equipment or facilities, if any;

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and terms therefor;

8. Distance from railroad station or siding;

g. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory;

10. Number of persons on regular staff;

11. Brief general description of laboratory;

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done.

A list of hydraulic laboratories is enclosed; please add to it if you can. Your help will be appreciated. A copy of the Directory will be sent you in due course.

J. Waldo Smith Silas H. Woodward

Hydraulic Research Committee.

Each description has been written in a style accordant with the information supplied. Departure from the outline of the letter of inquiry has been found desirable in a number of cases.

The descriptive statements about the laboratories are arranged in alphabetical order of the names of the companies, colleges or other institutions with which the laboratories are connected. The directory contains descriptions of 49 laboratories.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 7

ALPHABETICAL LIST AND INDEX

Name and Place Page

Allis-Chalmers Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 9

Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 9

Associated Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Companies, Boston, Massa- chusetts II

Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, Brooklyn, New York 13

- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 15

Bureau of Standards, Washington, District of Colunlbia 16

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 17

California, University of, Berkeley, California 18

Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 21

Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio 23

'Cochrane Meter Testing Laboratory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 23

Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 24

Colorado Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado 25

-Columbia University, New York City 26

Cornell University (Sibley College of Mechanical Engineering), Ithaca,

New York 29

Cramp, William & Sons, Ship and Engine Building Comp'any, see I. P.

Morris Hydraulic Laboratory No information

Dartmouth College (Thayer School of Engineering), Hanover, New

Hampshire 31

Harrison Safety Boiler Works, see Cochrane Meter Testing Laboratory. .23

Harvard Engineering School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 31

Holyoke Water Power Conipany, Holyoke, Massachusetts 32

Horton Hydrological Laboratory, Voorheesvllle, New York 35

Illinois, University of, Urbana, Illinois 36

Iowa State University, Iowa City, Iowa 38

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 40

Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 41

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 42

Leiand Stanford University, Stanford University, California 43

Lowell Locks and Canals, Lowell, Massachusetts 47

Mason Laboratory, see Yale University 78

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 47

Michigan, University of, Ann Arbor, Michigan 50

^'Midwest Engine Company, Anderson, Indiana No information

Minnesota, University of, Minneapolis, Minnesota 51

Morris, I. P. Hydraulic Laboratory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

No information

National Board of Fire Underwriters, Chicago, Illinois No information

Naval Academy, see U. S. Naval Academy 71

North Carolina, University of. Chapel Hill, North Carolina .^3

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 54

5 the engineering foundation

Name and Place Page

Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania 57

Pennsylvania, University of, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 58

''Pittsburgh, University of, Hydraulic Lalboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- vania 60

-Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, see Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute .... 1 3

Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 61

Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on Merrimac River, Lowell, Massa- chusetts, see Lowell Locks and Canals 47

. Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana 62

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 64

Rochester^ University of, Rochester, New York 65

^Rose Polytechnic Institute, Terre Haute, Indiana 66

Sheffield Scientific School, see Yale University 77, 78

Sibley College, see Cornell University 29

Smith, S. Morgan Company, York, Pennsylvania 67

Stanford University, see Leland Stanford University 43

Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 68

Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 70

Texas, University of, Austin, Texas 71

Thayer School of Engineering, see Dartmouth College 31

Throop College of Technology, see California Institute of Technology 17

U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 71

University of California, Berkeley, California 18

University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 36

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 50

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 51

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 53

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 58

University of Pittsburgh, Hydraulic Laboratory, Pittsburg'h, Pennsylvania. 60

University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 65

University of Texas, Austin, Texas 71

Wisconsin, University of, Madison, Wisconsin 74

Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 73

Winchester Hall, see Yale University 77

Wisconsin, University of, Madison, Wisconsin 74

Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 76

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 77, 78

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 9

ALUS-CHALMERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY

1. Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, hydraulic turbine and centrif-

ugal pump testing flume, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

2. Established, 191 4.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Testing centrifugal pumps and hydraulic turbines and impulse wheels.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

For turbines -

12 cubic feet per second, 15 feet head. 20 cubic feet per second, 50 feet head. 4 cubic feet per second, 200 feet head. For pumps -

2500 gallons per minute, 600 feet head.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Concrete weir pits, suction pits, hook gages, turbine tanks, turbine tail race, testing switchboard and accessories, motor-driven pumps; capacities suitable for conditions covered in 4.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

50-ton electric cranes to handle material direct from railroad cars to all parts of the testing flume.

7. No outside work has been solicited or taken in.

8. Railroad station or siding.

Siding directly past test flume.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

W. M. White, Manager and Chief Engineer, Hydraulic Depart- ment.

10. Number of persons on regular staff : Between two and ten.

Information furnished by W. M. White.

ARMOUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

1. Armour Institute of Technology Hydraulic and Pneumatic Laboratory.

Chicago, Illinois.

2. Established, about 1903.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Tests of steam- or electric-driven contrifugal or reciprocating pumps of small and medium sizes: calibration of water meters, Venturi meters, Pitot tubes, small weir notches, gages, etc.; tests to deter-

lO THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

mine coefficients of friction through pipes, elbows, nozzles, orifices, etc.; hydraulic pressure tests of pipes, boilers, radiators, etc., up to 10,000 pounds per square inch.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Water supply from city main through 3-inch pipe. Pressure varies from 18 pounds to 25 pounds per square inch. 4000-gallon reservoir with head of 90 feet. Worthington pump capable of delivering 250 gallons per minute against a 300-foot head.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

12 X i2-inoh Marsh steam pump.

Marsh steam pump for pressures up to 10,000 pounds per square inch.

Dayton single-stage centrifugal pump.

Worthington 3-stage pump direct-connected to 40-horse-power

steam turbine.

Chicago two-stage centrifugal pump direct-connected to iV2-horse-

power variable-speed electric motor, capacity, 40 gallons per minute

against 60-foot head.

lo-horse-power variable-speed electric motor.

7%-horse-power Sprague dynamometer.

Tank with 14-inch weir.

Weir box to take various notches up to 12 inches in width.

Various notches and hook gages for weir box.

12 weighing tanks of various shapes taking from 150 to 200 gallons

each.

Platform balances for each of tank as well as several smaller platform

balances, spring scales and Krone scales.

Pitot tubes of different forms.

Venturi meter % inch x i inch.

Two Venturi meters i inch x 3 inches.

Venturi meter 1^x3 indhes.

Water meters of several makes and sizes.

Hydraulic ram - 6 feet supply head and variable discharge head.

18-inch Pelton water wheel with variable opening, Doble nozzle

and Woodward governor.

Tachometers, ammeters, voltmeters, etc.

7. Test work for outside persons and firms is carried on regularly and is

handled through Professor Gebhardt, head of the Mechanical Department.

8. Railroad station or siding:

The Institute is located directly on the Rock Island Railway.

9. Name and. title of person in charge:

Lynn Eugene Davies, B. S., Instructor of Experimental Engineer- ing.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES II

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

Mr. Davies is in direct charge of the hydraulics laboratory, but the entire experimental engineering department has six men besides Professor Gebhardt and several mechanics and helpers. Each of these men is a specialist in some particular phase of the subject, yet each is more or less familiar with the work of the others and each one is ready at all times to lend advice or assistance on any job.

11. Brief general description:

Most of the equipment is situated around a sump in the basement of the main building so that waste and discharge water is readily disposed of. This sump has an overflow into the city sewers, but is usually kept filled to a depth of about 5 feet to serve as a con- venient source of supply for the various pumps. There is a net- work of water and steam pipe lines several feet above the floor so that water or steam-driven machines can be connected at almost any point in the laboratory. Most of the water lines are con- nected with all three sources of supply thus making a large range of pressures available. The Worthington pump is located in the main engine room about 100 feet away, but also in the basement. Information furnished by Lynn E. Davies, Instructor of Experimental Engineering.

ASSOCIATED FACTORY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES

1. Factory Mutual Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts

2. Established, 1889.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

All matters relating to fire protection engineering, - divided into three main branches :

a. Fire-extinguishing apparatus: detailed laboratory examinations and tests and operating performance of automatic sprinklers, fire pumps, hydrants, valves (gate, check, dry-pipe, etc.), fire hose, chemical extinguishers; calculation of designs of elevated tanks and field inspection of completed structures.

b. Fire hazards: studies of manufacturing processes to reduce fire hazards, development of methods for safely storing, and for controlling fires in hazardous materials.

c. Building construction: tests of building materials and types of construction from the fire standpoint.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity. At the Factory Mutual Laboratories testing station at Lowell, Massachusetts, about 1500 gallons per minute at 50 pounds pressure.

12 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

By pump. No large capacity pumps are yet installed, although two 1500-gallon-per-minute centrifugal pumps are proposed. For the present, the pumping facilities at co-operating manufacturing plants are employed.

From pressure tanks. Two 500-gallon pressure tanks are used for testing dry-pipe valves.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Calibrated meter nozzles: several sets ranging in diameter from V2 inch to 8 inches for accurately measuring the flow of water under pressure at a rate up to 10,000 gallons per minute. This equipment includes the necessary piezometers, mercury columns, U tubes, etc. Testing stands for operation of valves and hydrants. Complete apparatus for operating tests of automatic sprinklers, including hot air oven, test rack for subjecting fusible soldered joints to long time tests under various loads, and other specially designed measuring apparatus.

General chemical laboratory with special equipment for testing cotton rubber-lined and unlined linen hose, including physical and chemical tests of the rubber.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Certain specially designed pieces of equipment used in tests of au- tomatic sprinklers and an unusually large meter nozzle for measur- ing water under pressure with a high degree of accuracy.

7. Possibility for work for or by outside persons, and charges :

Any manufacturer of fire protective equipment can submit devices for examination and test. The Factory Mutual Laboratories, how- ever, reserve the right to decide what devices are of sufficient inter- est to warrant conducting the investigation, and for those which are selected no charges are made other than the cost of furnishing the apparatus and setting it up for test.

8. Railroad station and siding :

About one-half mile distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

C. W. Mowry, director.

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

Eleven.

11. Brief general description:

The Factory Mutual Laboratories are located at 184 High Street, Boston, Massachusetts, and a hydraulic testing station is maintained at Lowell, Massachusetts, on the property of The Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on the Merrimlack River. Both are a part of the Inspection Department of the Associated Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Companies, which were organized more than eighty-

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 1 3

five years ago by prominent manufacturers in New England for the purpose of lessening their fire losses and providing insurance at actual cost. They confine their business mostly to the larger man- ufacturing properties and seek to improve the construction of man- ufacturing buildings, safeguard hazardous processes and constantly to improve the standards of fire protection.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has beert done.

The first conspicuous wrork of the Factory Mutual Laboratories were the experiments of John R. Freeman relating to the hydraulics of fire streams. The results of the tests made in 1889 are still used as a standard for the friction loss through fire hose and for the discharge and range of fire streams.

Another important work was the development of specifications for hose, valves, hydrants, fire doors, elevated tanks and towers, and other devices used in fire protection work. Important work in recent years has been the design and adaptation of the double fire service check valve for use in safeguarding public water supplies when connected to manufacturing systems, conducting fire tests of build- ing columns in co-operation with the United States Bureau of Standards and the Underwriters Laboratories; and a continual spray system for the protection of large piles of pulp wood as a means of reducing the fire hazard, lessening the amount of rotting, and pos- sibly improving the quality of the pulp. Information furnished by C. W. Mowry, Director.

BROOKLYN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

1. Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, Hydraulic Laboratory, 99 Livingston

Street, Brooklyn, New York.

2. First small laboratory installed about 1900. Present laboratory installed

1918-1919. First used January, 1920.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Primarily, for undergraduate laboratory instruction with certain portions of the apparatus so installed as to be used in connection with lectures in the course in "Theoretical Hydraulics" ; secondarily, the laboratory may be used for commercial testing or for research investigation.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By pumping,

650 gallons per minute against 60-foot head,

250 gallons per minute against 200-foot head.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Single-stage, motor-driven, centrifugal pump, rated at 650 gallons

14 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

per minute against total dynamic head of 70 feet.

Two-stage, motor-driven turbine pump rated at 250 gallons per

minute, against total dynamic head of 250 feet.

6 X 4 X 6-inch duplex steam pump. 8 X 5 X 8-inch duplex steam pump. 1 2-inch Doble impulse Wheel.

2-inch Foster hydraulic ram.

6-inch reaction turbine.

4-inch X 2-inch Venturi meter.

2-inch Worthington meter. Small water meters.

Two steel weir tanks 4 x 3 x 24 feet with Inter- changeable weir plates.

Steel pressure tank 5 x 22 feet, equipped with orifice devices for testing nozzles, orifices tubes, etc.

This tank is provided with ten overflow weirs for maintaining constant head on various pieces of apparatus. The overflow weirs are 10 feet in length. They have served their purpose quite well and it is possible to maintain constant head without hand- operation of valves.

Two calibrated steel volumetric measuring tanks of 1600 gallons capacity each, provided with quick acting outlet gates and so ar- ranged as to make possible long continuous runs at the maximum pos- sible rate of pumping. Numerous pipe lines of various sizes for undergraduate experimental work on losses of head in friction, valves, hydraulic gradient, etc. Miscellaneous small equipment such as gages, manometers. Pilot tubes, and current meters. The principal piping of the laboratory is 6 inches, 4 inches and 8 inches in diameter and is arranged so that the various pumping units and water from the city mains may be applied to different experiments 'by independent routes. Any portion of the apparatus can be connected to the pressure-regulating tank. Water may be measured either by means of the calibrated measuring tanks or over weirs or by means of Venturi meter.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities: - None.

7. Numerous outlets from the piping system have been provided for the

attachment of apparatus othei; than that now installed. Pumps may be tested up to i s-'horse-power-motor size, speeds, 825 to 1650 revolutions per minute. No definite schedule of terms, but can be arranged by the professor in charge of the laboratory.

8. Railroad station or siding:

The laboratory is situated in the business district of Brooklyn, about one-'half mile from Long Island Railroad freight station.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES I5

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory:

H. P. Hammond, Professor of Sanitary and Hydraulic Engineer- ing.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Two; also competent mechanics available for work in laboratory when needed.

11. Brief general description of laboratory:

Water is taken from the city mains through a 2-inch meter. It is stored in concrete reservoir below the laboratory floor level. The reservoir has a capacity of approximately 10,000 gallons and a sur- face area of approximately 240 square feet. Water is taken from the storage reservoir by any one of the pumps and delivered through the piping system to any desired piece of apparatus. The piping system is arranged in duplicate so that the water may be delivered to any portion of the laboratory from either of the two centrifugal pumps or from the steam pumps. The pressure-regulating tank may be connected into the system or cut out as desired. When con- nected into the system, it is possible to maintain constant head up to heads of approximately 25 feet. For higher head an air cushion may be formed in the top of the tank and pressure regulation pro- cured, though not quite so satisfactorily as for lower heads. An im- portant feature of the laboratory is the lecture demonstration apparatus located in the class-room on the floor above the labora- tory. Here are provided, or to be provided, equipment for illus- trating flow from orifices, tubes, nozzles, and pipes; the flow over weirs, the use of the Pitot tube, and other hydraulic phenomena.

12. Research: None to date.

Information furnished by H. P. Hammond, Professor of Sanitary and Hydraulic Engineering.

BROWN UNIVERSITY

1. Brown University, Division of Engineering, Providence, Rhode Island.

2. Established, 1903.

3. Kinds of work for tvhich laboratory is especially fitted:

Equipped to do miscellaneous demonstration and testing work.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity, 50 gallons per minute. By means of pumps, up to 1,000 gallons per minute, the head in the latter case being 150 pounds.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Standard forms of impulse and reaction wheels, weir box, standard nozzles, Venturi meters (6 inches, 3 inches, and 2 inches) and the usual auxiliary measuring apparatus.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

None.

1 6 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies and terms therefor:

It is the practice to aid persons or companies outside the University ; to charge for the services of the assistants, but not for the use of apparatus.

8. Railroad station or siding:

About one-half mile from the railroad station.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

William H. Kenerson, Professor of Mechanical Engineering.

10.. Number of persons on regular staff : From three to five persons.

11. Brief general description:

Location of equipment is such that apparatus may easily be tempo- rarily installed in our laboratory where ample space is available.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done:

From time to time wt have made commercial tests of various types -of pumps, friction of the flovir of oil and water through pipes arjicj dhannels, special investigations for the Providence Water Supply Board to determine discharge of water over special weirs, and similar investigations. Information furnished by William H. Kenerson, Professor of Mechanical Engineering.

BUREAU OF STANDARDS

1. Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, Washington, District

of Columlbia.

2. Established, 1915.

3. Facilities for hydraulic work are limited to a laboratory, operated by the

Division of Engineering Physics, for the calibration of water cur- rent meters by towing tests in still water. This laboratory was in- stalled on the Bureau grounds for this especial purpose.

5 and 1 1 . The laboratory is a housed-in re-inf orced concrete flume 400 feet long, 6 feet wide, with a water depth of 6J/2 feet. The instruments are suspended from an electrically-driven car spanning the flume. The speed range is from about 0.2 foot to 1 5 feet per second. The speed regulation is within 2 per cent for velocities above three- quarters of a foot per second.

7. Current meter calibrations and such other tests as the facilities of the laboratory permit are regularly made for individuals or companies outside the government service for nominal fees. Information furnished by Dr. L. J. Briggs, Chief, Engineering Physics Division.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 17

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

1. California Institute of Technology, Hydraulic Laboratory, Pasadena,

California. (Formerly Throop College of Technology)

2. Established, al?out 191 1.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Undergraduate instruction, though some research is possible in con- nection with turbines, pumps, and flow through devices of modest size.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

No gravity flow is available, but a small flow at a pressure of about 150 feet can be had with either a steam pump, or a motor-driven reciprocating pump. A flow of about 3 cubic feet per second can be had at a head of about 30 feet from a motor-driven centrifugal pump. 15,000-gallon storage cistern.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

No. 6 American centrifugal pump.

Fairbanks-Morse duplex power pump, 5 x 10 inches.

Marsh steam pump, high pressure, 10 x 8 x 12 inches.

Scales and weighing tanks.

6,000-gallon measuring cistern.

800-gallon roof tank.

600-gallon steel pressure tank for heads up to 300 feet.

400-gallon steel nozzle tank.

Cement channel 50 feet long, for weirs, etc.

Francis inward-flow turbine.

Doble impulse wheel, glass casing.

2-stage centrifugal pump.

Hydraulic ram.

8-inch Venturi meter.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

None.

7. Glad to co-operate with others in any worth while investigations and

would do so at near the actual cost.

8. Railroad station or siding:

About one mile from railroad

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory:

R. L. Daugherty, Professor of Mechanical and Hydraulic Engi- neering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff: About three.

1 8 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

11. Brief general description:

Elaborate and flexible installation of pumps, tanks, piping, channels, gages, meters. Laboratory is crowded for space, but water from any one of the three p'umps can be delivered to tanks or piping or open channel so that a number of combinations are possible.

12. Some Research is being done on centrifugal pumps and also upon tufbme

draft tubes. Information furnished by R. L. Daugherty, Professor of Mechanical and Hydraulic Engineering.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

1. California, University of, Hydraulic Laboratory, Berkeley, California.

2. Established, 1902 by Professor J. N. Le Conte.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is best fitted:

Teaching engineering students the practical applications of the

laws of hydraulics;

Testing of small units of hydraulic machinery, such as pumps of

all kinds, and small water motors ;

Calibration of hydraulic instruments, except current meters.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity.

About 150 gallons per minute at 40-foot head.

By pumping.

Up to 3600 gallons per minute under a 40-foot head.

There are two 5-inch triple-stage centrifugal pumps w'hich may

be operated either in series or in parallel, giving a maximum head

of 340 feet and delivering 150 gallons per minute.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Triplex plunger pump 4x6 inches, lOO gallons per minute, 500- foot head.

Double-runner Pelton water wheel, pitch diameter 27 inches, head can be made from zero to 300 feet; used to test different styles of runners and buckets, to determine the most efficient nozzle for given buckets and the windage and friction losses. Two triple-stage pumps, 5-inch discharge, 300 gallons per minute, 300-foot head; used for all hig'h-pressure work. Centrifugal pump, 5-inch discharge, 1000 gallons per minute, 40- foot head.

Francis turbine, low head, 5-horsepower, 800 revolutions p«r min- ute, 3 second-feet, 30-foot head. 4-horsepawer Francis turbine equipped with wicket gates and de-

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 1 9

signed to operate under 25-foot head, 1.8 second-feet and 425

revolutions per minute.

4-inch jet pump.

3-inch hydraulic ram.

Collins pitometer.

Two standard pitometers.

Byron Jackson deep well turbine pump.

Six meters of various sizes and types.

Large Pelton water wheel, 30-inch pitch diameter, equipped with

needle nozzle; used for efficiency tests.

Two concrete weir boxes, 6x16 feet, crest 30 inches long.

Clemens Herschel weir, crest 2 feet, 9 cubic feet per second; used

for investigation.

Four concrete tanks, below the floor level:

19 x 20 XII feet 4180 cubic feet

19 x loyi XII " 2200 " "

II X 7 X II " 850 " 7x7x11" 540 " Standpipe 4 feet diamieter, 40 feet high ; so equipped with overflow valves that almost any head under 40 feet can be accurately main- tained constantly.

Four low-lift centrifugal pumps; used for weir calibration, meter calibration, etc.

2-stage Pelton centrifugal pump, 5-inch discharge, 500 gallons per minute, 250-foot head, 1650 revolutions per minute; equipped to be tested with and without Kingsbury thrust bearing. Single-stage DeLaval centrifugal pump, 8-inch discharge, i8oo gal- lons per minute, 40-foot head, 1720 revolutions per minute; of the most modern design.

Unusual equipment or facilities:

A Sprague electric dynamometer, which may be used as a generator up to 50 horsepower, and up to 30 horsepower as a motor, over ranges of speed O to 2000 revolutions per minute.

Possibilities for work for or by outside persons or companies and terms therefor:

Normally work by outside companies is not permitted, and commer- cial testing is done under the supervision of the University instruc- tors only when it cannot be done elsewhere, and then the approval of the President of the University, as well as the Dean of the Department, must be secured. When such work is undertaken the company desiring the test pays for time of the men who are em- ployed to do the testing.

Railroad station or siding:

About iy2 miles from nearest freight station.

20 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

Blake R. Vanleer, Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

One.

11. Brief general description:

The laboratory is situated in the Mechanical Engineering Build- ing, in a court 100 x 63 feet, covered with a glass roof. The west end of the court is excavated over an area of 40 x 20 feet to a depth of 12 feet, and divided by reinforced concrete walls into tanks of various sizes. These tanks are all floored over and a 5-inch centrifugal pump transfers water from any tank to another. A i2-mdh main suction pipe line extends to the extreme eastern end of the laboratory and there supplies the main pressure pump's. One of these is a six-stage centrifugal direct-connected to a 50-horse- power, 4000-volt motor, by which there can be supplied about % second-foot under 350-foot head. This is distributed to a manifold, and feeds three impulse water Wheels fitted with Prony brakes, a special nozzle-testing device for calibrating nozzles or orifices of small size, and any other apparatus needing such pressure. There is also a 6-inch connection to the standpipe. The six-stage pump is so arranged that three stages can be put in parallel with the other three, giving half the head and twice the quantity. The 4-foot diameter standpipe, 40 feet high, supplies water for low pressures. It is normally supplied by a 5-inch direct-connected centrifugal unit, and overflows at several levels, the excess being by-passed. A mercury column shows the location of the water level and overflow gates so that head can be held constant. A third manifold is fed by city water pressure. From these arc fed various water meters, large and small, a 4-inch Venturi meter, a jet pump or hydraulic elevator, a 6-inch Victor turbine fitted with Prony brake. The discharge from these is measured by tanks, large platform scales, or calibrated weirs.

Two main weir boxes are installed, each with a 30-inch rectangular, fully contracted weir, though any other smaller form can be bolted in place. The lo-inch pipes to these weir boxes are used for Pitot tubes and pitometer traverses.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done:

An investigation of the Hersdiel Type of Improved weir, by R. H.

Morris and A. J. R. Houston.

A study of the Phenomenon of Water Hammer, by Blake R.

Vanleer.

Relative comparison of Type E. Pelton Water Wheels, by E. P.

Condon, A. H. Gale, T. L. Nudd, and A. J. Swank.

Design, Construction and Calibration of a Proportional Flow Weir,

by Howard T. Livingstone.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 21

An Investigation of the Measurement of the Flow of Water by

the CJooling Effect on an Electrically Heated Wire, by L. M. K.

Boelter and R. E. Meyer.

Rating and Investigation of a Portable Weir, by G. E. Troxell.

Determination of the CoeflGcients of Discharge for Small Circular

Sharp Edged Orifices where the Contraction is not Complete, by

K. K. Guha.

Measurement of Water Discharged from a Short Horizontal Pipe,

by Ejner Smith and C. A. Pollard.

An Investigation of the Hydraulic Losses through Globe Valves,

by L. P. Murray, and L. A. Ashley.

Discharge from Horizontal Pipes, by H. K. Baisley and G. A.

Atehison.

An Advanced Study of the Herschel Weir, by L. A. Ashley, C. F.

Madsen and L. P. Murray.

Investigation of a Small Francis Turbine, by C. C. Ashley, and

L. H. Parker.

Information furnished by Blake R. Vanleer, Assistant Professtor of Mechanical Engineering.

* * *

CARNEGIE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

1. Carnegie Institute of Technology, Hydraulic Laboratory, College of

Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

2. Established, 1913.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

No unusual equipment or facilities ; equipment designed for standard undergraduate course.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity.

City water supply - lOO feet head.

By pumping:

500 gallons per minute at 200 feet head 15CX) gallons per minute at 40 feet head

750 gallons per minute at 40 feet head

500 gallons per minute at 100 feet head

5. Principal pieces of equipment or facilities:

Gould triplex pump, 500 gallons per minute at 100 feet head.

Wilson-Snyder centrifugal pump, 500 gallons per minute at 200

feet head.

Jeannesville centrifugal pump, 750 gallons per minute at 40 feet

head.

Allis-Chalmers centrifugal pump, 1500 gallons per minute at 40

feet head.

22 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

I -inch Venturi meter, 2-inch line.

I -inch fire nozzle.

1 2-inch Pelton-Doble water wheel.

6-inch Francis reaction turbine.

Triangular, trapezoidal and rectangular weirs (i2-in(;h width)

Rife hydraulic ram.

iS.ooo-gallon storage tank.

Pressure tank with various types of i-inch orifices.

i-inch, 2-inch, 3-inch, 4-inch, 6-inch and 8-inch pipe lines, each

about 30 feet long, for study of friction losses.

Ells for study of friction losses.

Cole pitotmeter.

Motors to operate pumps.

Weighing tanks, scales, gages and the usual accessory equipment.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities. - None.

7. Commercial testing and research for and by outside companies en-

couraged.

Charges for use of equipment for commercial testing I4 o^ 0"^ per cent, of valuation per day. Charges for power 3 cents per kilowatt hour. For personal services, terms as arranged.

8. Railroad station and siding:

One mile from Shadyside Station, Pennsylvania Railroad and ad- joining U. S. Bureau of Mines siding, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.

9. Name and title of person in charge:

F. A. Simmons, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineer- ing.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Two in laboratory.

11. Brief general description:

Main laboratory is 35 feet x 60 feet; shed for storage tank is 20 feet X 20 feet.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done:

None. Information furnished by William E. Mott, Director, College of Engi- neering.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 23

CASE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCE

1. Case School of Applied Science, Hydraulic Laboratory, Cleveland,

Ohio.

2. Established, 1892.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Principally for instruction. Calibration of small meters, automo- bile radiators, and other apparatus has been conducted.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By pumping,

900 gallons per minute against 300 feet head.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Usual equipment of calibrated tanks, weirs and orifices.

Orifices up to 2-inch diameter. Rectangular weirs up to 15 inches

wide.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities. - None.

7. Work within the capacity of the laboratory will be conducted for out-

side persons by the staff. No charge is fixed; depends on time re- quired.

8. Railroad station and siding:

Three miles distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory:

R. H. Danforth, Professor in Charge of Materials Testing Labora- tory.

10. Number of persons on regular staff : Four.

Information furnished by R. H. Danforth, Professsor in Charge.

COCHRANE METER TESTING LABORATORY

1. Cochrane Meter Testing Laboratory, Harrison Safety Boiler Works -

Cochrane Corporation, 17th St. and Allegheny Ave., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

2. Established, 1914.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Testing any type of flow meter with water, as for example, V-notch weirs, orifices, Venturi meters, Pitot tubes.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By pumping,

24 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

Over 20 feet head, of which about lo feet can be utilized in a metering device.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Sump tank, motor-driven centrifugal pump, constant-head tank, standardized V-notch tank and two calibrated measuring tanks mounted just above the sump tank, together with suitable valves, hook-gages, etc. The maximum rate of flow which can be handled is about 120 cubic feet p'er minute. The precision obtained with the standardized V-notch weir is about 1-3 of i per cent plus or minus, that is the rate of flow can be held indefinitely within these limits. Accuracy of calibrated measuring tank is within i-io of i per cent.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

The unusual nature of the equipment relates to the facilities offered for carrying out tests rapidly, through the use of the standardized V-notch meter, that is in order to rate a meter under test it is necessary only to establish steady flow conditions and then read the gages.

7. This equipment has not been used by outside parties, but is available

for such use provided the purpose of the work is not in competition with the business of the H. S. B. W.-Cochrane Corporation.

8. Railroad station or siding:

Qose to a railroad siding.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

Percy S. Lyon.

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

Four persons engaged on and off in meter testing and experiments. Information furnished by George H. Gibson.

COLORADO COLLEGE

1. Colorado College, Hydraulic Laboratory, Colorado Springs, Colorado.

2. Established, 1915.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Weir calibration, flow through short tubes, calibration of service meters, flow through orifices, determination of coefficient of fric- tion in pipes, (this refers to pipes up to il/^ inches in diameter) ; experimental work on the Venturimeter, the hydraulic ram, 2-inch centrifugal pump, and 1 2-inch Doble water wheel.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Supply pipe to laboratory is 3 inches in diameter, static pressure 60 to 65 pounds ; no way of boosting the pressure by pumping.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 25

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Weir tank of about 500 gallons capacity,

3-inch Venturi meter,

2-inch centrifugal pump,

1 2-inch Doble laboratory impulse wheel.

Hydraulic ram with a 2-Inch lead pipe and a i-inch discharge.

Apparatus for testing flow through short tubes and orifices.

Several types of small service water meters,

Weighing tanks and scales.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities. - None.

7. No work has ever been done for persons or companies.

8. Railroad station and siding:

About a mile and a half distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

Frank M. Okey, Professor of Civil Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

No other individual on the staff.

11. Brief general description:

Equipment is meager and quarters cramped. Floor space is only about 2500 square feet, but arrangement of apparatus makes it possible to carry on a relatively complete set of hydraulic experi- ments.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done:

None.

Information supplied by Frank M. Okey, Professor of Civil Engineering.

* * *

COLORADO EXPERIMENT STATION

1. Colorado Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.

2. Established, 19 13.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Irrigation investigations, calibrations, especially testing practical low head meters, irrigation outlets and similar devices.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Limited quantity from city mains ; storage reservoir on hill of 236,- 400 gallons capacity. Head available, on weirs 3 feet, on special devices, approximately 10 feet.

Water is pumped from an auxiliary reservoir receiving waste to supply reservoir and is used repeatedly.

26 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Weir box 20 feet long, 10 feet wide, 6 feet deep.

Two calibration tanks 23.5 x 27 feet and one 27 x 55 feet, all 8.5

feet deep.

Auxiliary reservoir for waste water, 26 x 26 x 8.5 feet.

Large and small centrifugal pumps;

Hook-gages, standard weirs, orifices and other devices.

Fully equipped current-meter rating station, also circular station.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Channel 3^^ x 5 feet, 210 feet long, carrying flow of 15 second- feet at level of station floor.

7. No set policy, as to work for outside persons. Testing and calibration

has been done for private individuals. Assistance and encourage- ment has been given outside persons or companies who wished to develop principles or devices directly appurtenant to irrigation activities. Minor investigations done without charge.

8. Railroad station or siding:

One-quarter mile from College Station on Colorado and Southern Railway.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

Ralph L. Parshall, Senior Irrigation Engineer, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

10. Number of Persons on Regular Staff :

Three.

11. Brief general description:

Brick building 40 x 70 feet, one story.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done:

Detail investigations on weirs and orifices for standard calibration. Various devices of original design have been tested. Original investigations on the Venturi flume. Information furnished by R. L. Parshall, Irrigation Engineer.

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

1. Columbia University, Worthington Hydraulic Laboratory of the De-

partment of Mechanical Engineering, New York City.

2. Established, 1899.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Experimental research work on and tests of pumps and small tur- bines; calibration of nozzle, orifices and various forms of water metering devices.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 27

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By pumping,

I cubic foot per second at head of 25 feet, 500 gallons per minute at head of 300 feet, 1000 gallons per minute at head of 100 feet, 50 gallons per minute at head of 3000 feet.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Pumps

Worthington triple-expansion duplex pump; 500 gallons per min- ute, 25 feet head.

Worthington duplex boiler feed pump, 100 gallons per minute, 250 feet head.

Goulds triplex motor-driven pump, 80 gallons per minute, 150 feet head.

Worthington motor-driven centrifugal pump, single-stage, 500 gal- lons per minute, 100 feet head.

Worthington motor-driven centrifugal pump, 3-stage, 500 gallons per minute, 300 feet head.

Worthington high-pressure duplex pump, 50 gallons per minute, 2000 pounds per square inch head.

Cameron motor-driven, single-stage centrifugal pump, 50 gallons per minute, 100 feet head. Measuring Devices

Two 20,000-pound steel measuring tanks, arranged writh quick opening discharge valves and swing bucket for directing water to other tank so as to take care of continuous flow.

8x4 -inch Venturi meter.

3 x i^^-in'^h Venturi meter. Calibrated nozzles from I4 '"ch to 2 inches in diameter. Large tank fitted with still well and hook gage and equipped with weirs of various widths.

Numerous small tanks and scales; Pitot tubes and pitometers. Special Apparatus

For measuring loss in head through straight pipes; for measuring loss in head due to change in pipe sizes; for calibrating orifices and nozzles.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Sprague electric dynamometer suitably arranged to act as a brake for turbine tests, or as a driving unit for pump tests, by means of which the input may be accurately measured. Being situated in close proximity to the steam, air and gas power laboratories, the equipment of these becomes available for use in the hydraulic laboratory. In connection with the former is a fairly complete machine shop.

28 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

7. Arrangements may be made for research work to be conducted by the

laboratory staff, or use made of the equipment by outside parties. Charges are of two classes : those for use of equipment only and those for personal services, the latter including time spent on opinions rendered. No fixed terms can be given, due to the wide variety of the requirements, the rate depending upon the amount of equipment and time involved.

8. Railroad station and siding:

One and one-half to five miles, depending upon the railroad.

9. Name and title of person in charge:

Edward D. Thurston, Jr., Assistant Professor of Mechanical En- gineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Two men are regularly assigned to the hydraulic laboratory, but the services of the entire mechanical engineering department are available.

11. Brief general description:

The hydraulic laboratory covers a space of 80 x 35 feet and is ao feet high. Beneath the two large measuring tanks is a pit from which the pumps normally take their suction and into which the water from all is discharged. If necessary, suction can also be taken from a 3 -inch city water main running the length of the laboratory, on which the pressure is around 50 pounds. The pumps are located on the main floor and the piping is so arranged that they may discharge independently or into a common header. This latter is connected with an accumulator for steadying the flow. Over a portion of the laboratory is a second floor, on which are placed the weir tanks and most of the special apparatus.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done:

Investigation on centrifugal and rotary pumps has been done for various individuals and upon hydraulic rams for the Power Specialty Company and the Rife Engine Company.

Research on "Flow through weir notches with thin edges and full contractions," by V. M. Cone, Irrigation Engineer, Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering.

Information furnished by Edward D. Thurston, Jr., Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 29

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

-i. Cornell University, Hydraulic Laboratory of College of Engineering, Ithaca, New York.

- 2. Established, 1898.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

For determining flow of water in pipes and over all forms of weirs ; testing small turbines, water meters, Venturi meters, Pitot tubes, current meters, nozzles and orifices. Also well equipped for general investigations in hydraulics.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity.

From Beebe Lake 80 feet head and up to looo cubic feet per second during spring and fall flow; 400 cubic feet per second for short periods any time of year; from University reservoir 200 feet head for small quantities.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Usual equipment for ordinary laboratory experiments. One 9-inch Victor turbine, one 12-inch and one 24-inch Pelton- Doble water wheel, one multi-stage centrifugal pump, several hy- draulic rams, and special apparatus for testing water meters.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Laboratory and canals supplied by gravity for all experimental work. Volumes up to 400 cubic feet per second, for short intervals of time, are available any time of year; double this quantity may be had during spring and fall flow.

7. Commercial work falling within our facilities will be undertaken and

carried to completion by experienced engineers; terms given upon application.

8. Railroad station or siding:

One-half mile from East Ithaca Station of Lehigh Valley Railroad.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory:

Under the jurisdiction of the Dean of the College.

Dr. E. W. Schoder, Professor of Theoretical and Experimental

Hydraulics, has been in direct charge since September, 1904.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Two. Any commercial work requiring more than the regular staff can readily be handled.

1 1 . Brief general description :

The unique location and construction of this laboratory render practicable investigations requiring a steady gravity water supply for long periods using relatively large flows of water. The water

30 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

supply is obtained from Fall Creek with a watershed of 126 square miles. Beebe Lake, a pond of about 20 acres, has been formed by^ the construction of a concrete dam 26 feet high, with a spillway crest length of 130.5 feet. At one end of the dam there is an addi- tional flood spillway 141. 5 feet long. A rectangular canal 420 feet long and 16 feet wide is supplied from Beebe Lake through six headgates for controlling the flow. The upper portion of the canal is 17.7 feet deep and the lower portion is 10 feet deep. In this canal are two sharp<rested weirs 16 feet long, over which discharges as large as 400 cubic feet a second may be passed. The lower portion of the 16-foot canal, 350 feet long between weirs, is used for measurements with floats and current meters. Models of dams may be built in the canal and the flow over them investigated with precision, An electrically-operated car spans this canal and is used for rating current meters and Pitot tubes and for experiments that require means for towing floating or submerged objects through still or running water at various speeds. By means of a gear system the speed of the cable, which moves the car, may be varied through a range from 1/4 foot to 12 feet a second. Out-door work is usually suspended from December I to April i because of the freezing weather.

The laboratory is built against the south cliff of Fall Creek gorge and extends vertically about 70 feet, fromJ the pool below Trip- hammer Falls to the top of the gorge. A short branch canal 6 feet wide is housed by the upper portion of the laboratory building and may be supplied directly from Beebe Lake by means of a 48-inch cast iron pipe line with a short 30-inch branch at its lower end. A 30-inch valve controls the flow from the 48-inch pipe into the 6-foot canal. The 6-foot canal discharges either to waste into the pool below Triphammer Falls (a sheer drop of 60 feet), or into the upper end of a steel stand-pipe 6 feet in diameter and 60 feet high. A suitable mechanism causes an instantaneous diversion of discharges as large as 60 cubic feet a second from the waste flume into the standpipe or vice versa. The 6-foot standpipe is provided at the bottom with a 36-inch discharge valve operated by hydraulic pressure. There is a float gage indicating accurately the height of the water surface in the standpipe, when used as a measuring tank. An independent lO-inch pip* line from the 30-inch pipe to the bottom of the laboratory supplies most of the pieces of apparatus used for class work and research. The 6-foot standpipe also may be used as a supply tank, water being supplied to it from either the 6-foot canal or the lo-inch pipe line.

In the laboratory building there is also a concrete flume 2 feet wide, 4 feet deep and 25 feet long. Flows up to 11 cubic feet a second can be passed through this and measured volumetrically. The flume is arranged conveniently for experiments on small weirs, low- head orifices, and other apparatus.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 3 I

12. Research, or other work of unusual importance which has been done: Among these may be mentioned the results obtained for the Board of Engineers on Deep Waterways, the Michigan-Lake Superior Power Company, the City of New York in connection with its water supply, the U. S. Geological Survey, and the Bureau of Public Roads and Rural Engineering of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Information furnished by F. A. Barnes, Director, School of Civil Engi- neering, Cornell University.

* * *

DARTMOUTH COLLEGE

I. Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Civil Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire. The hydraulic laboratory of the Thayer School is used to elucidate the theoretical course and is confined to class work.

Information furnished by Charles A. Holden, Director, Professor of Civil Engineering.

HARVARD ENGINEERING SCHOOL

1. Harvard Engineering School, Gordon McKay Engineering Laboratory,

50 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

2. Established, 1919. This was the date of the reestablishment of the

Engineering School after the Technology cooperation terminated. There has been a hydraulic laboratory since 1890.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Testing centrifugal pumps, orifices, nozzles, meters and small weirs.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By pumping,

1 100 gallons per minute at 230 feet head.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

A weir with channel 21 feet long, 6 feet wide, and 4 feet deep.

A pressure tank 20 feet high and 5 feet in diameter.

Two tanks which will weigh accurately 1200 gallons per minute,

each of 5000 pounds capacity.

A storage tank 6 feet deep, 5 feet wide, and 40 feet long, carefully

constructed, which can be used for volumetric measurement with a

high degree of accuracy.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Three Sprague electric dynamometers for driving or absorbing pow^er - o to 200 horsepower. Apparatus can be delivered by motor truck alongside the hydraulic testing plant.

32 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

7. Members of the teaching staff may do work for outside persons or

companies to such an amount as will not interfere with their other duties. They make their own terms for services of helpers.

8. Railroad station and siding :

About half a mile distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory:

Dean H. J. Hughes.

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

Usually four.

1 1 . Brief general description :

The hydraulic laboratory is a compact group of apparatus placed in the Gordon McKay Laboratory, a building 100 feet wide by 300 feet long, which contains steam, gas, electric, refrigerating and air-reduction machinery, and materials-testing apparatus. Information furnished by H. J. Hughes, Dean, Harvard Engineering School.

* * *

HOLYOKE WATER POWER COMPANY

1. Holyoke Testing Flume, Holyoke, Massachusetts.

2. Established, 1882.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Tests of hydraulic turbines.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Head II to 18 feet; capacity 230 cubic feet per second; supplied by gravity only.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Standard Francis weir, Prony brakes, electric signal clock, hook gages, etc.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities :

This whole laboratory is unique, as shown by the general descrip- tion.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies and terms

therefor:

Information about conditions and charges should be obtained from

the company.

8. Railroad station or siding:

Siding at the building.

9. Name and title of person in charge:

Hydraulic Engineer of the Holyoke Water Power Company.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 33

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

Hydraulic engineer and such assistants as are needed for any test undertaken.

1 1 . Brief general description :

Testing flume is equipped for the testing, on a vertical shaft, of hydraulic turbines of any of the usual diameters and of any power up to 300 horsepower; (the pit is twenty feet square). Also for testing wheels of small and medium sizes, singly or in pairs, on horizontal shaft, under certain conditions, details of which with the price will be sent on application. Small wheels on vertical shaft, may be tested under any head up to 18 feet, larger sizes, under a head ranging from 11 to 14 feet.

The Holyoke Water Company controls the flow of the Connecti- cut River, at Holyoke, Massachusetts, on a fall of nearly 60 feet. Some of the developments are "permanent powers," held by the companies using them under indentures, and subject to annual rental, and the balance are "surplus powers," subject to withdrawal at short notice.

Surplus powers are paid for from day to day, and according to the amount used. In time of drought, if used after prohibition, the parties so using, are liable to a heavy penalty. Observations are taken giving the opening of the speed-gate of each wheel and the head acting upon it, once a day, and once during each night. These are carefully preserved and from them are computed the amounts discharged by each wheel and by each establishment, during the quarter year, and the "surplus power" thus shown to have been used is paid for at the end of the quarter. This system results in economy in the use of water, where otherwise there would be great wastefulness. For the purpose of making the neces- sary experiments on the wheels of tenants, before they are set in the mills, the Holyoke Water Power Company built a permanent testing flume. Over this testing flume is a substantial brick build- ing containing repair shops, blacksmith shop, and oil room and offices. Wheels are tested here both for power and for quantity of water discharge. They are usually tested at five or six different openings of the speed-gate, ranging from wide open, to the opening at which the discharge is one-half that at full opening, and at six or eight different velocities of revolution at each gate-opening, mak- ing some 30 or 40 experiments in all on each wheel. The final result is, that for all practical purposes, the water-wheel has been converted into a water meter, and its discharge may be known under any of the conditions under w'hich it is found in the mill. Besides this, its efficiency, or the value of the wheel as a water- motor, is also known.

The testing flume is suitable moreover to the making of hydraulic experiments, other than the efficiency tests of wheels, and is used

34 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

for such, from time to time. The underground portion consists in the main of the trunk, or penstock, bringing the water; a sort of vestibule, an antechamber ; the wheel-pit ; and the tail-race. The trunk is of boiler iron, about 9 feet in diameter. The vestibule contains the two head-gates, besides which there is a head-gate at the entry of the trunk into the canal whence it takes the water. A small trunk about 3 feet in diameter, takes water from this ves- tibule, independently of the gates and leads it to a turbine wheel, set in an iron casing, in the chamber, or pit, so that this wheel can run, even when the chamber is empty. This wheel discharges through the floor and is used to operate the repair shops; also to lift and lower the gates. The chamber has stop-planks on two sides for use in regulating the height of the water. At the down- stream end of this tail-race is the measuring weir, the crest being formed of a piece of planed wrought iron. It can be used with or without end contractions. The depth of water on the weir is measured in cylinders set in recesses, fashioned into the sides of the tail-race. These recesses are water-tight, and the observer is thus enabled to stand with the water-level about breast-high, or at convenient hight for accurate observation. The methods of meas- uring water over this weir are those described in "Lowell Hy- draulic Experiments," by James B. Francis. In a well hole is set up a glass tube which measures the head of water upon the wheel. It is connected with the pit or the chamber, by means of pipes running through a cast-iron pipe, built into the masonry dam which forms the down-stream end of the wheelpit. The power is weighed by a Prony brake. To enable the observer at the brake wheel, the one at the head gage, and the one at the measuring weir to take simultaneous observations, an electric clock is set up in the testing flume, which rings three bells simultaneously at inter- vals of one minute, or of half a minute if desired. The front of the wall forming the downstream side of the pit is barely damp with 20 feet head of water upon it. The floor of the pit is built so tight that an exact measurement of the leakage of the wheel-gate could be made, if desired. An approximate estimate is readily made by filling the pit before the tail-race is allowed to fill, and apportioning the total measured leakage, be- tween the leakage of the w-heel-gate, and that of the flume. Four waste-pipes from vestibule, ante-chamber, tail-race, and pit help regulate the hight of water in the ante-chamber and pit, during tests under -low heads, and enable the tail-race to be emptied to within 3 inches of the bottom.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done: Experiments for development of the Venturi meter. The discharge of water through orifices. Experiments on the trapzoidal weir.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 35

Experiments on a fall increaser.

Tests of motor driven deep well pumps.

Experiments to esta:blish a discharge chart for Holyoke Dam.

Information furnished by A. F. Sickman, Hydraulic Engineer.

HORTON HYDROLOGICAL LABORATORY

1. Horton Hydrological Laboratory, Voorheesville, New York.

2. Established, 1915.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Evaporation from water surfaces. Evaporation from the soil and crop surfaces. Interception losses by vegetation of all kinds. Transpiration losses from vegetation, trees, etc. Rate of infiltration of rainfall or irrigation water. Problems of ground-water flow. Fluctuation of ground-water levels.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

There is available a stream draining about 18 square miles area, 4 acres pondage, 72 feet gross fall, concentrated practically in a single drop, with dam, flume, penstock, etc., available for smaller hydraulic experiments.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Standard class "A" United States Weather Bureau evaporation outfit, Friez recording hygrothermographs, Friez recording soil and water thermographs, tipping bucket and ordinary rain gages, full equipment of standard test maximum and minimum thermome- ters and psychrometers ; three standard Robinson anemometers, tor- sion balances, silk scales weighing to 2CX3 pounds by 1/4 ounce, numer- ous special evaporation and infiltration test jars, pans and other apparatus, micrometer hook gages, etc.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Lysimeters, rotating and weighing evaporometers, special rain and snow gages.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and terms

therefor:

Will be arranged for on reasonable terms.

8. Railroad station and siding:

One mile distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory:

Robert E. Horton, Consulting Hydraulic Engineer.

36 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Three.

11. Brief general description:

Building, 28 x 60 feet, three stories ; with 25 horse-power hydraulic turbine, oil engine and storage battery system for steady power. Complete mechanical tool facilities for ordinary shop and labora- tory work. The property includes an area of about 86 acres with an unusual diversity of topography and cultural conditions, with a forest area having a remarkably wide variety of trees, - deciduous and evergreen.

Information furnished by Robert E. Horton.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

1. Illinois, University of, Hydraulic Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois.

2. Established, 1891.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Laboratory is used primarily for student work.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Discharge up to 6000 gallons per minute at heads up to 60 feet are available for testing purposes. A discharge of 275 gallons per minute at a head of 450 feet is available for tests where com- paratively high heads are required.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Pumping equipment consists of two duplex steam pumps of 800 and 2200 gallons per minute;

1 2-inch single-stage centrifugal pump with capacity of 3000 gallons per minute, connected to lOO-horse-power steam engine. 4-inch single-stage centrifugal pump. 4-inch two-stage centrifugal pump. Two 6-inch single-stage centrifugal pumps

(Centrifugal pumps can be driven with the lOO-horse-power steam engine.)

50-kilowatt motor-generator set for supplying direct current to motors for pump tests.

Sump 10 feet in diameter and 12 feet deep, to which water is re- turned for repeated use after passing through the test apparatus. The water is pumped into a standpipe 4 feet in diameter and 60 feet high, in which a constant water level is maintained by means of automatic steam regulators on the steam pumps. Seven concrete measuring pits and one steel measuring tank. Weirs up to 3 feet in length may be used. These are located in a channel 70 feet long and 3x3 feet in section through most

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 37

of its length, and 3x8 feet in section at its upper end. For meas- uring smaller discharges the equipment consists of orifices ranging in size from i inch to 6 inches in diameter, water meters ranging from % inch to 6 inches, pitometer apparatus, one 4 x 1 1/4-inch Venturi meter, one 8 x sV^-inch Venturi meter, one set of cali- brated Freeman nozzles ranging in size from 1^-inch to 6 inches in diameter, and several small tanks on platform scales. 1 2-inch and 18-inch tangential water wheels. 1 1 J/^ -inch Leffel turbine fitted with Prony brake, il/^-inch two-stage centrifugal pump direct-connected to a cali- brated electric motor.

100 feet a^^-inch fire hose, a large set of calibrated nozzles and piezometer couplings, pressure gages of various types. 1200 feet of piping for tests of friction.

Water hammer and loss of head due to expansion and contraction of streams.

Meter testing apparatus. Intermittently discharging siphons. Apparatus for determining friction of flow of water through sand.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

None.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies and terms

therefor:

Work for outside parties is not usually undertaken unless the work

presents problems of an investigational nature.

8. Railroad station or siding:

About 400 feet from nearest railroad siding.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

Professor Arthur N. Talbot, Professor of Municipal and Sanitary Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Twelve men of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Me- chanics are available for instructional work in the hydraulic labora- tory. Usually the work is handled by four or five of these men.

11. Brief general description:

The original laboratory was destroyed by fire in 1900. The laboratory was established in its present quarters in 1902, in the Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, occupying two floors, each 44 X 78 feet.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done:

Bulletin No. 48 of the Engineering Experiment Station of the University of Illinois, "Resistance to Flow through Locomotive Water Columns," by Arthur N. Talbot and Melvin L. Enger;

38 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

Bulletin No. 96, "The Effect of Mouthpieces on the Flow of Water Through a Submerged Short Pipe," by Fred B. Seely; Bulletin No. 105, "Hydraulic Experiments with Valves, Orifices, Hose, Nozzles, and Orifice Buckets," by Arthur N. Talbot, Fred B. Seely, Virgil R. Fleming and Melvin L. Enger; Bulletin No. no, "The Pipe Orifice as a Means of Measuring Flow of Water Through a Pipe."

Information furnished by Professor A. N. Talbot.

STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA

1. Iowa, State University of. Hydraulic Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa.

2. Established, 1920.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Testing dam and spillway models; current meter rating; testing water wheels up to 51 inches in diameter; large-scale weir experi- ments; flow in open channels.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity.

Maximum head, 10.3 feet. Minimum flow, 150 cubic feet per

second and upward to 1000 cubic feet per second available for

half the year.

By pumping,

100 feet head; i cubic foot per second.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Testing flume in which water wheels up to 51 inches in diameter can be mounted.

Hydraulic canal 130 feet long, 10 feet wide and 10 feet deep, with rails above for mounting car for current-meter rating. Measuring chamber of 10,000 cubic feet capacity. r. 5 1 -inch McCormick water wheel, installed; 300-gallon-per-minute

centrifugal pump; weirs, gages, etc. Recording gages on Iowa River, and cable gaging station. University water power plant; 51 -inch hydro-electric unit installed.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

The laboratory is especially adapted to large-scale weir experimenta- tion, and tests on large dam and water wheel models.

7. Work may be undertaken by outside persons in cooperation with the

laboratory by special agreement. The terms have been usually a cost settlement for additional equipment involved in the work and ordinary labor.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 39

8. Railroad station or siding:

Siding 400 feet distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

Professor Floyd A. Nagler.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Two research assistants (half time) ; one mechanic, full time.

11. Brief general description:

The laboratory is situated on the Iowa River, in connection with a power development owned by the University. The laboratory building is 22 feet square inside, with a concrete sub-structure and brick superstructure having stone trimming. Its two floors are of planks made up in sections, supported on steel beams bolted together, so that any section or the whole floor can be removed. The dam across the river is 300 feet long, built in 1906, of gravity spillway section throughout. A concrete canal 130 feet long and 10 feet wide leads from the dam straight to the laboratory; its bottom inside is 5.74 feet below the crest of the dam. During low water, the depth in the canal can be increased two feet by putting flash boards on the dam. A concrete tail-race 22 feet wide prolongs the sub-structure of the laboratory 30 feet down stream ; through its terminal wall is an opening, from which a channel, after making a sharp curve, leads to the river. In the center of the laboratory sub-structure is a reinforced concrete column which makes possible the dividing of the sub-structure into four bays. In one compartment a concrete floor 6 feet above the bottom has a circular opening 6 feet 7 inches in diameter. This compartment is intended for water wheel testing. The difference of level of the floors of the sub-structure will permit experiments upon flow increasers.

The claim for uniqueness of this lalboratory rests upon the large quantities of water available. The drainage area of the river above the dam is 3140 square miles. The minimum recorded flow (De- cember 1903) is 150 cubic feet per second. The maximum flow on record is 39,000 cubic feet per second on June 7, 1918. The aver- age low water flow is 300 to 500 cubic feet per second. The plant is especially suitable for problems requiring large quantities at low head, such as those relating to irrigation and drainage engineer- ing and certain water-power problems. There is opportunity also for studying flood protection and river control. The power plant generates current of 2300 volts at 60 cycles.

12. Research:

Research upon an ogee dam model, the hydraulic jump, and flow over weirs. Information furnished by Professor Floyd A. Nagler, Hydraulic Labora- tory.

40 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

1. Johns Hopkins University, Hydraulic Laboratory, Civil Engineering

Department, Baltimore, Maryland.

2. Established, 191 7.

4. The laboratory is connected to the city mains by a 2-inch pipe, the pressure varying from 40 to 65 pounds per square inch. There are four interconnected storage wells in the laboratory whose combined dimensions are 18 x 35 x 8 feet deep. The pump ratings are given under the description of equipment.

3. 5, & 6. One single-stage, double-suction, closed-impeller pump directly

connected to 2-'horse-power, 220-volt, 74-ampere, type S K ad- justable-speed motor; rating: 150 gallons per minute against 150 feet head at 1650 revolutions per minute; 375 gallons per minute against 20 feet head at 1 150 revolutions per minute. This pump is equipped with pressure and vacuum gages for running test and has switchboard with volt-meter and ammeter. One single-stage, double-suction, closed-impeller pump directly con- nected to 65-horse-power, 220-volt, 245-ampere, continuous-current, shunt-wound General Electric motor; rating: 10,000 gallons per minute against 12 feet head at 570 revolutions per minute. Rectangular, V-notch and proportional weirs with hook gages and weighing tanks.

Venturi meter with several sizes of throat and weighing tanks. Cole portable test pitometer with traversing attachment. No. 6 Gould hydraulic ram with gages and weighing tanks. Twelve-inch Pelton water wheel with gages and Prony brake. Concrete flume 4 x 5 x 70 feet with track and car for rating current meter.

Standpipe, 58 feet high, with glass gage, connected to standpipe 3 feet in diameter for performing orifice experiments. Wrought steel pipe il/^ inches in diameter, with piezometers for determination of friction coefficient and elbow loss.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and terms

therefor:

By special arrangement.

8. Railroad station or siding:

Convenient access to Pennsylvania Railroad station, 15 minutes by trolley or bus.

9 & 10. John H. Gregory, Professor of Civil and Sanitary Engineering. F. W. Medaugh, Instructor in Civil Engineering.

1 1 . Brief general description :

The laboratory is new, well equipped and well lighted. It is in the Civil Engineering Building and is easy of access.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 4 1

12. Research:

Special research work has just been started. Investigation of the loss of head in bends and right-angle turns and in sudden expansion and contradiction have been made.

Information furnished by John H. Gregory, Professor of Civil and Sani- tary Engineering.

LAFAYETTE COLLEGE

1. Lafayette College Hydraulic Laboratory, Easton, Pennsylvania.

2. Established, 1898.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Routine work for students on orifices, weirs, Venturi meters and house meters, also water motors, and a centrifugal pump.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity, 60 feet head. By pumping, icx) feet head.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Vertical pressure tank 5 feet diameter, 18 feet high, for heads up

to 100 feet for orifices, nozzles, etc.

Standpipe 60 feet high.

Two weir tanks 30 feet long, 4 feet wide.

Weighing tanks, scales, etc.

Impulse wheel.

Centrifugal pump.

Venturi meter, water meters, gages, hydrants, weirs, hook-gage, etc.

Haskell and Price velocity meters.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

All shapes of small orifices and types of house meters for routine instruction.

7. Outside persons or companies do testing on terms arranged, according

to each individual case.

8. Railroad station and siding:

About 2CXX) feet distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge:

Lynn Perry, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

One.

1 1 . Brief general description :

The laboratory occupies two floors in the west end of Pardee Hall. It has equipment for rating house meters at various heads.

42 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

measuring the flow in streams by velocity meters and two weir tanks the weirs in which can be changed to any type. It also contains every type of small orifice and some motors and a centrifugal pump driven by electric motor.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done: When A. Prescott Folwell was here, some investigations on orifices were made by him and Professor Merriman, but very little original work is now being attempted. Information furnished by Lynn Perry, Assistant Professor of Civil En- gineering.

* * *

LEHIGH UNIVERSITY

1. Lehigh University, Fritz Engineering Laboratory, Bethlehem, Pennsyl-

vania.

2. Established, 191 1.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Laboratory is equipped to handle all kinds of testing and research work in which large quantities of water are not needed.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Water is provided by two centrifugal pumps, one of which delivers 200 gallons per minute against a head of 250 feet and the other 2000 gallons per minute against a head of 60 feet.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

A 3-foot-diameter Pelton impulse wheel; a small Trump turbine; Rife hydraulic ram; ultra-violet sterilizer type B, capacity 70 to 120 gallons per hour; four Hershey and Empire water meters; Venturi water meter ; pressure tank ; calibrating tanks ; weirs ; current me- ters; miscellaneous apparatus. Sizes and capacities of equip- ment here mentioned are those ordinarily used in student hydraulic laboratories.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities: None.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and

terms therefor: Excellent opportunity.

8. Railroad station or siding:

One-quarter mile distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

R. J. Fogg, Director, and M. O. Fuller in direct charge.

10. Number of persons on regular staff : Three.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 43

11. Brief general description:

The hydraulic laboratory occupies one portion of the Fritz En- gineering Laboratory and has two levels, each of which covers an area of 40 x 55 feet. The water is pumped into a pressure tank and standpipe, is then delivered to the test points, then to the canal, thence back to the pump pit and used over again. On the upper and lower level are weirs, nozzles, orifices, and other de- vices, so that a number of student tests can be carried on simul- taneously. The meters, test pipe lines, gages, etc. are placed on the upper level. On the lower level are the calibrating and weighing tanks, hydraulic ram, pumps and turbines.

12. Research:

Besides regular student experiments, tests have been made on 36- inch vitrified pipe with cement joints. Special weir tests have also been made. Information furnished by R. J. Fogg, Professor of Civil Engineering.

* * *

LELAND STANFORD UNIVERSITY

1. Stanford University, (a) Hydraulic Laboratory, (b) Hydraulic Ma-

chinery Laboratory, Stanford University, California.

2. Established, 1913.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

(a) Calibration of instruments; measurement of pressure, velocity, and flow and friction loss of water under various conditions.

(b) Testing of hydraulic machinery, including centrifugal, rotary, jet and steam pumps, pulsometers, hydraulic rams, water wheels and hydraulic turbines.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Hydraulic Laboratory :

By pumping,

50-foot head, capacity 2400 gallons per minute,

1 00-foot head, capacity 1200 gallons per minute.

Hydraulic Tiiachinery Laboratory :

By pumping,

30-foot head, 500 gallons per minute, 1330 revolutions per minute.

60-foot head, 700 gallons per minute, 1890 revolutions per minute.

100-foot head, 900 gallons per m(inute, 2440 revolutions per minute.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Two 7-inch, single-suction, class A, Buffalo centrifugal pumps, one direct-connected, 900 revolutions per minute; the other belt- connected to motor, 900 revolutions per minute; pump connected so as to be operated either in series or multiple. Mueller water meter tester complete with tanks, scales, etc.

44 ' THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

IngersoU-Rand Type XII, 3!/^ x 4-inch water-cooled, single-cyl- inder, vertical air-compressor for maintaining constant air pressure in regulating tanks in water supply system.

Nine Venturi meters, with manometers, three different sizes of throats.

25 -horsepower 900-revolutions-per-minute General Electric induc- tion motor.

50-horsepower 900-revolutions-per-minute General Electric induc- tion motor.

Four steel measuring tanks, divided into two compartments with tilting valves, etc.

Eight steel weir tanks 5 feet 6 inches x 3 feet 6 inches x 3 feet deep, with interchangeable weir notch plates, orifice plates, blank plates, galvanized iron hoppers, etc.

Eight orifice pressure tanks 24 inches in diameter x 6 feet long for measuring flow through orifices and nozzles of various designs and dimensions.

Nine special 4-inch cast-iron pipe lengths for Pitot tube measure- ments.

Two riveted steel pressure tanks 36 inches in diameter x 20 feet long for 125 pounds per square inch working pressure. Two large platform scales with steel tanks. Irrigation type Venturi meter. Hammond water meter.

Wilcox water weigher, 125,000 pounds water per hour. Kennicott water weigher, 150,000 pounds water per hour. Four 2-inch water meters. Gem, Nash, Crown and Empire. lO-inch Leffel globe case, upright, right-hand turbine. No. 4 improved-pattern pulsometer steam pump. 8-inch X 5V2-inch x 12-inch heavy-pressure Davidson steam pump, suitable for working water pressure of 300 pounds per square inch. 8 x 12 X 7 X lO-inch Worthington duplex compound, outside cen- ter-packed, plunger steam pump, designed for 200 pounds per square inch working water pressure.

C. H. Wheeler surface condenser 200 square feet to condense 4000 pounds steam per hour, without vacuum, from the pumps for pair- poses of measuring steam consumption. 2-inch Brooks centrifugal pump. 3-inch Byron Jackson centrifugal pump.

Two 5-inch Piatt double-suction, centrifugal pumps, connected so that they can be operated in series or multiple. Belt drive with three sizes of pulley on pump shaft and coupling of shaft so ar- ranged that they may be driven separately or together. Westinghouse 3 x 4-inch belt driven air-compressor for maintaining constant air pressure upon pressure-regulating tanks of water sup- ply system. Tvv^o General Electric multi-speed electric motors, 1 2-horsepower

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 45

at constant torque. i8oc>-i2CX)-9CX)-6oo-revolutions-per-minute in- duction motors.

General Electric Type i, 35-horsepower, 1200-revolutions-per-min- ute induction motor.

Nine steel weir tanks, 6 feet x 3 feet 6 inches x 3 feet deep with stor- age compartment.

Steel weir tank 12 feet, 6 inches long x 5 feet wide by 3 feet deep with storage compartment (for Leffel turbine). Riveted steel pressure tank 60 inches diameter x 22 feet long for 100 pounds per square inch working pressure, with flanges, saddle nozzles, etc.

Riveted steel pressure tank 24 inches diameter x 20 feet long for 250 pounds per square inch working pressure. 1 2-inch Ddble water wheel, lo-inch Pelton water wheel. 4-inch Root rotary pump. 2-inch Schulte & Koerting jet pximp.

No. 5 Gould hydraulic ram, 2-inch drive pipe, i-inch discharge. Priestman ejector.

Shone sewage ejector (located in hydraulic laboratory). 2-inch Venturi meter. Concrete sumps and measuring tanks.

Steam hydraulic indicators, pressure gages, manometers and other measuring instruments.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and terms

therefor:

Work may be done by outside persons or companies of responsibility

by paying all expenses connected with the investigation, provided

the work is done at such times as do not interfere with routine class

work.

8. Railroad station or siding:

Railroad tracks pass by buildings.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

Hydraulic Laboratory, Professor Charles Moser. Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory, Professor W. R. Eckart.

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

One in each laboratory with student assistants as required.

11. Brief general description:

Hydraulic Laboratory. The Hydraulic Laboratory was designed for the instruction of a number of students during the same period and so the equipment was divided into nine main units

46 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

of somewhat similar design; provision being made however in each case for considerable flexibility, so that a wide variety of experiments could be performed on any one unit and with some range of capacity. The main pumping unit of 2400 gallons per minute capacity under 50-foot head discharges into the mains, of which a branch passes through two large pressure regulating cham- bers, thence to a 24.-inch manifold running the length of the laboratory. Feed lines from this manifold lead to each of the nine units. Each feed line is provided with a Venturi meter and a pipe section for measuring the flow with Pitot tubes. The water then passes to a weir box where tests can be made with weirs and orifices of various sizes and shapes. The orifice can be placed in either a horizontal or vertical plane. Instead of the water passing to the weir box, it can be delivered under pressure to a pressure chamber, from which it can be discharged through orifices and nozzles under pressure and various coefficients of contraction, ve- locity and discharge measured. From the orifices or weirs the water passes to calibrated tanks, or tanks on platform scales, or to special weighing equipment, as the Hammond, Kennicott, or Wilcox water weighers. From the measuring boxes it passes into canals, in w'hich measurement of flow can be made by irrigation type Venturi meter, weirs, current meters, or other devices, and thence returns to the pump sump. Other equipment provides for the measurement of friction losses in pipes, and fittings, calibration of water meters, pressure gages, and manometers.

Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory. The equipment provided con- sists of steam, centrifugal, rotary and jet pumps, ejectors operated by comipressed air, impulse water wheels and turbines, hydraulic ram, etc. The piping is arranged so that all the pumps can pump into a common line and the water be delivered to any piece of equipment or weir box in the laboratory, although each piece of apparatus is provided with its own weir box. The water can also be delivered through a connecting line to the hydraulic laibora- tory and can be returned through suitable channels from that laboratory to the machinery laboratory. The pipe line is made of two sections separated by valves provided for a high-pressure section and a low-pressure section, each with its own pressure-regu- lating tank. Sumps are provided at both ends of the laboratory connected with a channel near the top. Three large concrete measuring tanks, 17 feet deep with piezometers in an observa- tion pit are provided; one of these is connected by a channel with the Elementary laboratory.

12. Research: Surge chamber experiments. Professor W. F. Durand.

Information furnished by Charles D. Marx, Executive Head, Department of Civil Engineering.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 47

LOWELL LOCKS AND CANALS

1. Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on Merrimack River, Lowell,

Massachusetts.

2. Established, 1792.

1 1 . Brief general description :

No hydraulic laboratory by name. There are, however, several large measuring flumes in the canal system, where measurements of water up to 4000 second-feet and velocities from i foot to 6 feet per second may be made with current meters and rod floats. A lock approximately 100 feet long x 12 feet wide x 10 feet deep can be used for bulk measurements of small weirs, Venturi meters, meter nozzles and for rating current meters in still water. This company from time to time has furnished engineers and manufacturers with experimental data covering the performance of different measuring devices, usually at much less than the cost of doing the work. Without the slightest publicity and covering perhaps fifteen years, the students of Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Tufts College have used the property of this company for certain of their hydraulic exercises without expense to themselves, and have had the advice of the engineer and his assistants for these exercises. In addition, the Inspection Department of the Associated Factory Mutual In- surance Companies has carried out in one of the buildings and with the water and pressure furnished by the system, a great many experiments on valves, meters, etc., by cooperation with the com- pany.

This company is at the present time (May, 1922) installing a water- wheel testing flume with a maximum capacity of 100 cubic feet per second under a head of about 8 feet. It is believed that wheels up to about 24-inch nominal diameter can be tested with extreme accuracy. Information furnished by Arthur T. Safford, Engineer.

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Hydraulic Laboratory, Cam-

bridge, Massachusetts.

2. Established, 1915.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

General hydraulic instruction, tests and research.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Water supply from Charles River nearby. Admitted through 14- inch pipe to 700 feet of canals 5 feet deep in basement. Quantities

4S THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

up to 50 cubic feet per second can be provided for tests using low- heads, and water can be pumped in quantities up to 1500 gallons per minute under pressures up to 250 pounds per square inch.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

90-foot weir box with submerged and open weirs, hook-gages and other appurtenances;

6 by 35-foot pressure tank, up to 200 pounds per square inch; for measuring flow from orifices, nozzles, etc., and furnishing water to tangential wheels.

Two calibrated open tanks 10 by 10 feet for measuring quantities up to 8000 gallons per minute.

Triplex power pumps, steam-driven centrifugals, engine-driven cen- trifugal. Underwriters' fire pump and duplex pumps; 12-foot diameter steel flume with 135-foot head race, 5x5 feet. Two impulse wheels; 30-inch Venturi meter; lO-ton electric traveling crane. See general description (No. 11).

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Larger sizes of many kinds of equipment and greater completeness than in other laboratories and large quantity of water.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and terms

therefor:

By special arrangement upon correspondence.

8. Railroad station and siding:

Freight station about one mile distant. Siding adjacent to grounds.

9. T^ame and title of person in charge:

George Edmund Russell, Professor of Hydraulics.

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

About 8.

11. Brief general description:

The hydraulic laboratory has a floor space of about 24,700 square feet on three floors.

Throughout the basement of the steam, hydraulic and refrigerat- ing laboratories canals have been constructed in the sub-basement. These canals which total about 700 feet in length vary in width from 2 to 8 feet and are 5 feet in depth. By means of stop logs different levels may be carried in difFerent parts of the canals. Water from the river is supplied to these canals through two 14- inch valves and a 30-inch discharge pipe leads back to the river on the downstream side of the intake. The normal river level makes a depth of 14 inches of water in these canals. The largest piece of apparatus is a complete plant for testing water wheels.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 49

Wheels using up to 50 cubic feet per second can be tested under heads of 38 feet. A Worthington centrifugal pump, with 36- inch suction, driven by an angle compound engine of 350 horse- power draws water from the canals in the basement and discharges it through a 30-inch Venturi meter into a steel canal 5 feet wide, 5 feet deep and 135 feet long, located on the second floor. This steel canal discharges into a steel penstock 12 feet in diameter sup- ported on I beams spanning a tail-race 10 feet wide and 90 feet long, the bottom of this tail-race being about two feet below the basement floor.

The water wheel to be tested is submerged in the penstock and attached to a casting bolted to the steel plate which forms the bottom of the penstock; this plate resting on the I beam which spans this end of the tail-race. A draft tube is attached to the bottom of this same casting. Present installation consists of an 18-inch type N, S. Morgan Smith wheel.

The back end of the tail-race is built up 16 feet above the floor. A main hydraulic gate 10 feet wide and 10 feet deep, provided with grid openings controlled by a second grid gate sliding on the main gate may be operated from the first floor, so as to hold any level desired in the pit under the draft tube and thus vary the effective length of the draft tube. This gate with grid gate weighs 10 tons; its bearing surface is composition-covered, to prevent corro- sion.

Water after passing the main gate flows through baflles and finally over a standard crest 10 feet wide.

In order to test weirs of moderate size and to measure with ac- curacy quantities of water under 1 000 cubic feet per minute a trough 3 feet square and 100 feet long has been constructed to discharge into four large tanks, two 10 feet in diameter and 10 feet tall and two 6 feet in diameter and 10 feet tall, supplied with gage glasses for measuring levels. These tanks are filled and discharged alternately through large valves operated by hydraulic cylinders. Water under static heads up to 500 feet is obtained in quantities up to 1500 gallons per minute by pumping water into, and com- pressing the air in, a closed cylinder 5 feet diameter, 30 feet tall, made of 7/8-inch steel plate. This closed cylinder supplies two water wheels of the impulse type and also offers facilities for experiments on the flow through orifices.

Water under pressures up to 250 pounds per square inch is supplied by a steam-driven, outside-packed Warren pot-valve poimp of a capacity of 1500 gallons per minute or by a loo-horse-power Terry turbine driving a four-stage Janesville centrifugal, or by a rotary pump of large size. Water under pressures up to 150 pounds is supplied by two i6-inch-io5^-inch by 12-inch duplex pumps by a 150-horse-power DeLaval turbine with two-stage centrifugal, by a

50 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

Gould or a Davis triplex pump, by a large Emerson pump and by two p-ulsometers.

In order to test reciprocating pumps with varying suction lifts, two wells each lO feet long and 5 feet wide extend 26 feet below the basement floor, water being supplied from the canal system to these wells by 16-inch valves operated from the floor; the level being maintained by the amount of opening given these valves, which have been designed in the form of a cone having a very small taper so as to make accurate regulation possible. A raised platform about 15 by 15 feet has been built up over these deep wells. This platform, which is about 42 feet above the bottom of the well and 16 feet above the basement floor, serves as the operating platform for a Luitweiler deep-well pump, for a 4-inch Pohle Air Lift pump, for a Weber subterranean pump, for an Emerson steam pump and for a pulsometer.

A Rife hydraulic ram with 4-inch drive pipe and a Gould double ram with two 3-inch drive pipes have been installed on the second floor ; the water discharged and the overflow being weighed in the basement. Information furnished by George E. Russell.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

1. Michigan, University of. Hydraulic Experimental Flume, Ann Arbor,

Michigan.

2. Established, 1916.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Salt-solution measurements of water; weir tests.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By pumping,

lo-foot head, capacity 250 cubic feet per second.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Two sets of adjustable baffles (one set being vertical and one set

horizontal).

Five tanks connected to flume by 2-inch pipes, above vyhich hook

gages are placed, entire installation enclosed by a gage house; hook

gages, piezometers, etc.

Equipment for measuring water by the salt-solution method.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

See Number 11.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and terms

therefor:

Arrangements by correspondence.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 5 I

8. Railroad station and siding:

Near Michigan Central Railroad ; on Huron River.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

Horace W. King, Professor of Hydraulic Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Not given.

11. Brief general description:

The total length of the flume is 138 feet, the upstream portion being 8 feet, 6 inches wide and 9 feet deep, while the lower portion, 103 feet long, is exactly 2 meters (6.56 feet) wide and 8 feet deep. Above the flume at its upper end is a small frame building which contains a complete equipment for measuring water by the salt solution method and provides shelter for the men engaged in working up experimental data.

The flume is so arranged that the models to be experimented upon may be easily erected or removed, and the arrangement within the flume may be modified to conform to the requirements of any particular experiments. The salt-solution equipment provides for the accurate calibration of standard weirs, which in turn may be used for measuring water for other experimental work. The flume is especially adapted to the determination of empirical coefficients such as occur in formulas of discharge for weirs, gates, orifices and pipes under a wide range of conditions. The large supply of water makes it possible, in many cases, to conduct experiments on a larger scale than has hitherto been undertaken.

12. Research:

"Verification of the Bazin Weir Formula by Hydro-Chemical Gag- ings," Floyd A. Nagler, "Transactions," American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. LXXXHI, page 105, 1919-1920.

Information furnished by H. W. King, Professor of Hydraulic Engineer- ing.

* * *

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA

1. Minnesota, University of. Experimental Engineering Laboratories,

Minneapolis, Minnesota.

2. Established, 1911.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Laboratory experiments requiring a moderate supply of water.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By pumping,

2000 gallons per minute and a head of 30 feet. Heads up to 300

feet may be obtained with smaller quantities of water.

52 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Two Worthington centrifugal pumps, class A, each having a capac- ity of 800 gallons per minute, direct-connected to 50 kilowatt slip- ring tjrp'e, induction motors with variable speed control. Compound Buffalo steam pump, 8x12x7x12 inches. 12-inch Rumsey centrifugal pump. 3-cylinder, gear, triplex pump.

12-inch Pelton-Doble water wheel, 2-inch piping, with glass case I for observing the action of the nozzle and propellers.

Three small Pelton wheels with Prony brakes. Apparatus for testing water meters. Two hydraulic rams.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

A sump 24 X 24 X 10 feet deep is situated under the basement floor. Water may be pumped by two motor-driven Worthington pumps (using the pumps in series or parallel) from this sump into a steel standpipe 5 feet in diameter by 20 feet high, and discharged into two concrete weir channels 4 feet deep and 4 feet wide by 30 feet long. Water may be discharged from the weir channels alter- nately into either of two large weighing tanks mounted on large platform scales. Each tank has a capacity of 1600 gallons, and is equipped with a quick-opening valve at the center so that it can be drained into the sump in 30 seconds. A complete system of piping and valves permits the supply water to be pumped directly to the weir channels, through suitable Venturi meters, or through the standpipe.

7. Arrangements may be made for outside tests through members of

the instructional staff. In such cases the tests are made directly by members of the staff as individuals and not as University tests. The individual obtains a permit for the work from the University comptroller, the terms and price being arranged by the individual doing the work and the outside firm concerned.

8. Railroad station and siding:

About three blocks distant,

9. Name and title of person in charge:

Frank B. Rowley, Director, Experimental Laboratories.

10. Number of persons on regular staff : Three.

12. Research:

Research is now being undertaken to determine the characteristics of rotary pumps w'hen pumping oil with different viscosities as com- pared with water.

Information furnished by Frank B. Rowley, Director, Experimental Laboratories.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 53

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA

1. North Carolina, University of, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

2. Established, 1921.

3. Kinds of work for which the laboratory is especially fitted:

Student instruction.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests :

By gravity, . ,>; '

3CXX) gallons per minute.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Small constant-head tank, ij^-inch to 6-inch piping and small weir box, fitted with piezometers, gages, Venturi meter, and rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular weir plates. Fire hose and nozzles, hy- draulic ram, orifices, pitometer, house meters.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

None.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies:

Meter testing.

8. Railroad station and siding:

500 feet distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

Thorndike Saville, Associate Professor of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

One associate professor and one assistant.

12. Research or other work of unusual Importance:

Laboratory is two miles from small stream ( flow 1 50 to 5 cubic feet per second) where experiments are to be carried on with U. S. Geological Survey on gaging-station equipment. A specially de- signed concrete gage house is to be built, and a current meter gaging station installed. They will be used also for studies on silting and silt control.

Information furnished by Professor Thorndike Saville.

54 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

1. Ohio State University, Robinson Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio.

2. Established by the late Professor Stillman W. Robinson, in the Mechan-

ical Engineering Laboratory, probably previous to 1 885 ; removed to present location and enlarged in 1907.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

(i) Flow of liquids through orifices (in pipes up to 20 inches and submerged up to 24 inches diameter), nozzles and pipes;

(2) Flow of water over weirs, in Humes of different cross-section, and over models of dams;

(3) Velocity changes and distribution in a flowing stream;

(4) Determination of loss of head due to friction; and

(5) Comparative tests of pumps, water wheels, valves, and other hydraulic machinery.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By pumping.

The heads of water available are ! ! gallons per minute at

2001 ^'50 J

> pounds per square inch; 100 J

2000 gallons per minute at 70 pounds per square inch ;

1000 gallons per minute at 150 pounds per square inch;

i2,OCX) gallons per minute at 20 pounds per square inch;

Also a limited supply of city water at 25 to 50 pounds per square

inch.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

2 cisterns

3.77 X 15.3 X 10.5

feet - 121 1

cubic feet

2 "

8.05 X 7.5 X 10.5

" - 1268

6 "

8.05 X 15.3 X lo.s

" - 7758

I

15.3 X 15.3 X 10.5

" - 2458

I "

15.3 X 26 X 10.5

" - 4177

I flume

3.0 X 63.2 X 4.6

" - 872

Total indoor storage capacity 17,744 " " Equal 132,725 gallons. One outdoor reservoir adjacent to laboratory, 4(X),ooo gallons capac- ity.

One runway 150 feet long, in this reservoir for gaging current meters.

One centrally located observation well fitted with water level gages 10 feet high, and hook-gage wells, connected to cisterns by 2-inch pipes.

Weir plates of various shapes and sizes are placed In dividing walls of cisterns.

Submerged orifices, up to 24 inches diameter, are placed in some of the partition walls.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 55

Well, 5 feet diameter and 30 feet deep, is located in one cistern for direct pump-suction.

Rectangular concrete flume 3 x 4.6 feet cross-section, 63.2 feet long. 24-inch closed standpip*, 24 feet high, for pressures up to icx) pounds for orifices and nozzles up to 6 inches diameter. 10 and 16 X 12 X loinch Worthington horizontal, tandem, com- pound, duplex, inside-packed plunger pump, capacity 1000 gallons per minute, at 70 and 150 pounds pressure.

12 X 7 X 12-inch Knowles horizontal, outside-packed, plunger pump, capacity 150 gallons per minute, at lOO pounds pressure. 5 X 6-inch Deane, single-acting, triplex power pump, capacity 75 gallons per minute at icx) pounds pressure.

3-inch Goulds single-stage, centrifugal pump, 250 gallons per min- ute at 50 feet head.

3-inc!h Buffalo, single-stage, centrifugal pump, 250 gallons per minute at 50 feet head.

5-inch Kerr-Dayton, single-stage, turbo-centrifugal pump, 1000 gallons per minute at 80 pounds pressure.

20-inch Worthington, single-stage, special volute centrifugal pump, I2,0(X) gallons per minute, 60 feet total head (fitted with special traversing Pitot tubes).

3-inch De Laval two-stage, turbo-centrifugal pump, icxa gallons per minute at 200 pounds pressure.

No. 5 Humphreys hydraulic ram, with 1 1 feet drive head. 2-inch pulsometer.

3-inch Venturimeter* connected to 100 feet straight run of 3-inch water pipe.

6-inch Venturimeter* connected to circulating pipe of Wheeler con- denser.

3-inch Venturimeter* connected to special air pipe line for experi- mentation.

lo-inch standard Leffel reaction water turbine, attached to 24-inch closed standpipe 15 feet high, for 50 feet head. 36-inch Leffel "Cascade" impulse wheel, under 150 feet head. 16-inch American impulse wheel, under 150 feet head. 1 2-inch Doble-Pelton impulse wheel, under 150 feet head. Two 2-inch air lifts, 30 feet submergence for 15 feet lift.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities: None.

7. During the college year, the laboratory is generally used for the regu-

lar student instructional work. The equipment usually stands unused from about June 15 to September 15, and occasionally dur- ing other vacations. All arrangements for work for outside per- sons would have to be made through the Director of the Engineer- ing Experiment Station or the Department of Medianical Engi- neering.

Preference of this laboratory is Venturimeter, as one word, like Wattmeter.

5^ THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

8. Railroad station or siding:

There is a university spur track from the Hocking Valley Rail- road 200 feet from the rear of the laboratory.

9. Names and titles of persons in charge of laboratory :

W. T. Magruder, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, is Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, of which the Hy- draulic Laboratory is a part. H. Judd, Professor of Hydraulic Engineering, is in direct charge of the Hydraulic Laboratory. Dean E. A. Hitchcock is Director of the Engineering Experiment Station.

JO. Number of persons on regular staff :

Four professors and several instructors give time to hydraulic work. There is no regular staff devoted solely to hydraulic research.

11. Brief general description:

The hydraulic laboratory occupies one 30 x 112-foot bay of the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory and parts of two adjacent bays. This is a mill-construction, brick building, 310 x 115 feet, with saw-tooth roof. Steam and electric power, both alternating cur- rent and direct current, are available as needed to drive hydraulic machinery which may be temporarily installed on the test floor. The sawtooth construction of the building gives ample daylight. Bottoms of trusses are 22 feet above floor, giving plenty of head room for large pieces of machinery and equipment. Adjoining the hydraulic section is a planed cast-iron test-plate 14 x 21.33 feet for the temporary installation of pumps, turbines, and other hy- draulic machinery. Adjacent to this test-plate are one 40-horse- power and one 75-horse-power, high-speed steam engines. A 30- horse-power motor and a high-speed line shaft are available, and also additional electric current as needed. A Reeves speed-chang- ing variator, a Flather transmission dynamometer, several surface condensers for creating a vacuum and permitting the weighing of the condensate from pumps, engines, and steam turbines are avail- able. The instrument room is supplied with pressure gages reading from I pound to 500x5 pounds; manometers reading from i/iooo inch to 36 inches; sets of Pitot tubes of various makes; a hydraulic caliper graduated to i/iooo inch for measuring the three coordinates of jets; a dynamometer for determining the impulsive force of a jet; water columns and hook gages; and much other auxiliary equipment.

12. The research work of chief importance has been along the line of the

flow of fluids. Professor S. W. Robinson, in 1886, used the Pitot tube for the flow from gas wells and also studied the flow of gas through orifices. (Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, Vol. 35, page 89). Since then the Pitot tube has had extensive appli- cation in this laboratory to the flow of water. The Pitot tube, as

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 57

applied to water flow, was studied by James E. Boyd and Horace Judd in 1903 (Engineering News, Vol. 51, p. 318). A study was made of the frictionless orifice for water flow in 1906 by Horace Judd and R. S. King (Engineering News, Vol. 56, page 326). The orifice as a pipe diaphragm was investigated in 19 16 by Horace Judd (Trans. American Society of Mechanical Engi- neers, 1916, Vol. 38 page 331). At present, experiments are in progress on Pulsating Flow in Pipe Lines for the Flowmeter Com- mittee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, of which Professor Judd is a member. Information furnished by Wm. T. Magruder, Professor, Mechanical Engineering.

PENNSYLVANIA STATE COLLEGE

1. Pennsylvania State College, Hydraulic Laboratory, State College, Penn-

sylvania.

2. Established, about 1895.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Tests of small orifices and weirs.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity.

Head about 200 feet ; quantity is capacity of piping system.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Orifice boxes with standard V^-inch, %-inch and i-inch orifices; 6-inch weirs; V-notch weir. Additional large weirs and tanks in Mechanical Engineering laboratory.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Nothing unusual.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and

terms therefor:

Developmental work and non-commercial tests at cost.

8. Railroad station and siding:

About 100 feet distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory:

Professor E. D. Walker.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Three instructors in laboratory.

11. Brief general description of laboratory:

Laboratory has weir boxes equipped with stilling devices, standard orifices and weirs; also wide variety of pumping equipment, in-

5 8 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

jectors, ejectors, and other devices for lifting water, large weirs, and weighing tanks for measurement of discharges. In the new engineering building there is to be a hydraulic laboratory 150 by 60 feet, equipped with large motor-driven centrifugal pumps, water turbine, impulse wheel, concrete conduits, large weirs and weigh- ing apparatus. There will be space devoted to research as well as full equipment for class instruction.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done:

No research work of importance has been done, because of limited space and equipment. Information supplied by R. L. Sackett, Dean, School of Engineering.

* * *

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

1. Pennsylvania, University of, Civil Engineering Department, Hydraulic

Laboratory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

2. Established, 1906.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Student instruction, post graduate research and commercial testing.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

2 cubic feet per second against a head of 165 feet, 4 cubic feet per second against a head of 75 feet, 8 cubic feet per second against a head of 40 feet, all of which is capable of being weighed.

5. Principal pieces of eqquipment :

Concrete reservoir of 23,000 gallons capacity, receives discharge

from all apparatus, together with necessary makeup water from

City mains.

Two electrically-driven, 2-stage turbine pumps of 450 gallons per

minute capacity against 165 feet head supply the laboratory from

the reservoir.

Low-lift centrifugal pump of 2,000 gallons per minute capacity,

40 feet head, 3-inch double-suction centrifugal pump 300 gallons

per minute, 60 feet head. Vertical pressure tank 5^ feet diameter,

37 feet high, with attachments for orifices and other apparatus.

12-inch standpipe 65 feet high, with overflows to regulate static

head.

Circuits of lo-inch pipe with numerous openings for attachment

of apparatus, connected with the standpipe and the pressure tank.

Two concrete weir tanks, 34 feet long, 5 feet wide; may be used

also for measuring tanks; in addition, can be used for investigating

flows over dams of various profiles.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 59

Two steel chutes, with hydraulically operated valves, diverting flow alternately into two weighing tanks of 16,000 pounds capac- ity each, mounted on weighing cars, for weighing continuously the discharge from any part of the laboratory. 9-inch reaction turbine. 12-inch impulse water-wheel. Meters, gages, etc. of various types.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Several forms of special Pitot tubes,

2 and 3-inch hook differential oil gages measuring deflection to

i/ioo foot and head to 1/10,000.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and

terms therefor:

A great deal of this type of work is done, the outside company pay- ing for the time of the professor, instructor or mechanic, and for power used. If the work is done by outside parties, they pay for the power used and a nominal fee for the use of laboratory.

8. Railroad station or siding:

One-quarter mile distant.

9. Names and titles of persons in charge of laboratory :

M. S. Ketchum, Director of Civil Engineering, W. S. Pardoe, Professor of Civil Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

Usually three of faculty, mechanic and helper.

11. Laboratory occupies three floors, about 35 by 60 feet; is compact, flexible

and well lighted.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done:

Investigation of flow in Standard Short Tube; see Engineering News, Sept. 14, 1916, page 520.

The coefiicients of Venturi Meters; see Engineering News-Record Sept. 25, 1919 and Sept. 23, 1920.

A long series of tests on Pitot tubes and Pitot meters; not pub- lished.

An investigation on Actual Velocity in a il^-inch Tube; not pub- lished.

At present an investigation is being carried on, on the forms of draught tubes and conical mouth pieces.

A series of tests on compound weirs, both rectangular and triangular, in course of preparation for publication. A number of interesting, but unpublished, student theses.

Information furnished by Milo S. Ketchum, Director, Civil Engineering.

6o THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH

1. Pittsburgh, University of, Hydraulic Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-

vania.

2. Established, 1918.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Suppressed and contracted weir calibration and measurements;

current meter measurements ;

pitometer measurements ;

discharge and losses of pipe lines;

nozzles and orifice measurements ;

Venturi meter measurements and loss of head determination ;

turbine testing (42-inch mixed flow type) ;

channel measurements, and pump tests.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity,

15 feet head, volume of water 50 cubic feet per second.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Weir channel 8 x 9 x 80 feet.

Sharp crested weirs 4 feet and 8 feet long.

Measuring basin, capacity 2560 cubic feet.

Vertical 42-inch mixed-flow Leffel turbine.

Horizontal shaft and Prony brake.

3-inCh horizontal Worthlngton centrifugal pump, belt-connected to

pulley on horizontal shaft driven by hydraulic turbine.

4-inch Venturi meter on discharge line of pump.

12-inch cast iron pipe for loss-of-head determinations and use of

pitometer.

Current meters, water meter, differential gages, etc.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Channel 2000 feet long takes water from creek having fall of about 100 feet per mile and following higher level creates fall available at laboratory site. Channel has capacity of 100 cubic feet per second.

7. Possibilities for work for outside parties are good. The University will

make available equipment for such use at reasonable terms, charging only sufl[icient to cover expense of making laboratory available.

8. Railroad station or siding:

Three miles distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

George W. Case, Professor of Sanitary Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Laboratory is not kept open entire year. Operated two weeks at end of Spring term by staff of three.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 6 1

1 1 . Brief general description :

The hydraulic laboratory is at Camp Hamilton, near Windber, Penn- sylvania, on the site of an old mill which was driven by hydraulic power, the water being obtained from Shade Creek, which runs through the camp grounds. The water is brought to the laboratory by a canal 2Chx> feet long, which has sufficient fall and size to be used for steam-gaging experiments. The capacity of the canal is about one hundred cubic feet of water per second. A flume 8 feet wide, 9 feet deep and 80 feet long carries the water from the fore-bay at the end of the canal to the laboratory. At the end of this flume the water may pass over a 4-foot contracted weir or be deflected through a 42-inch Francis type turbine. The total head on the turbine is 15 feet. In the tail-race of the turbine is a 4-foot suppressed weir. The contracted weir can be calibrated by the use of a 19,000-gallon measuring tank. In addition to the turbine, weirs and measuring tank the laboratory is equipped with a Worthington two-stage pump, a Pelton injpulse wheel, Venturi meter, tanks for orifice and nozzle experiments, and pipes for pitometer measurements and loss-of-head determination.

Information furnished by Professor George W. Case.

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

1. Princeton University, Civil Engineering Laboratory, Princeton, New

Jersey.

2. Established, 1905.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Undergraduate instruction only.

4. Head and quantity of water aivailable for tests:

By pumping,

About 125 feet; about 55 gallons per minute.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Low-head orifices up to one inch diameter; small pipes, 50 feet long; small weirs; small valves and diaphragms; small commercial meters; differential pressure gages; hook and point-gages.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

None.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and

terms therefor: None.

8. Railroad station or siding:

About half a mile distant.

62 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

9. Nam.e and title of person in charge of laboratory :

H. S. S. Smith, Professor of Civil Engineering, until June, 1922; Arthur M. Greene, Jr., Dean, School of Engineering, after June, 1922.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

About 5 per cent of time of Professor Smith.

1 1. Brief general description of laboratory :

Room about 18 x 60, 10 feet high. Motor-driven turbine pump takes water from measuring and waste tanks and delivers to air- cushion pressure tank. Overhead piping takes water to different apparatus.

12. Research or other unusual work which has been done:

None. Information furnished by H. S. S. Smith, Professor, Civil Engineering.

* * *

PURDUE UNIVERSITY

1 . Purdue University, Hydraulic Laboratory, Lafayette, Indiana.

2. Established, 191 1.

3. Kinds of work for luhich laboratory is especially fitted:

The laboratory is thoroughly equipped to make tests on any piece of hydraulic apparatus or machinery for a maximum flow of 8,400 gallons per minute at 34 feet or less head, and for a maximum flow of 1,800 gallons per minute with heads up to 231 feet.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Flow is produced by pumping, the head and quantity of water avail- able being dependent upon the particular unit in use. (See No. 5)

5 & 6. Principal pieces of equipment are:

Piatt, direct-driven, single-stage centrifugal pump with a capacity of 8,400 gallons per minute against a maximum head of 34 feet. American two-stage, direct-driven centrifugal pump with a capac- ity of 1,800 gallons per minute against a maximum head of 231 feet.

AUis-Chalmers direct-driven, single-stage, centrifugal pump with a capacity of 400 gallons per minute against a maximumj head of 116 feet. The motor is of the direct-current variable-speed type. Gould triplex pump with a capacity of 60 gallons per minute. 2-inch rotary pump. Trump 12-inch reaction turbine.

Fairbanks weighing scale of 20 tons capacity. The balance arm of the scale is equipped with an electric timing device.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 63

Concrete channel 3 feet wide, 3 feet deep, and 80 feet long, supplied with track and carriage for current meter investigations. Concrete channel, 6 feet deep and 70 feet long composed of two sec- tions, one 8 feet and the other 5 feet in width. Each section is equipped with a rectangular weir. The flow from the channel passes into the large weighing tank.

In additon to the above there are many pieces of small equipment, some of which are noted in Number 1 1.

7. Always willing to cooperate with outside persons and companies in the

furtherance of testing or research work ; terms dependent upon the particular test performed ; should be arranged with the Director of the Engineering Experiment Station.

8. Railroad station or siding:

The laboratory is situated about 200 yards from a railroad siding on the campus.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory:

F. W. Greve, Associate Professor of Hydraulic Engineering.

10. 'Number of persons on regular staff:

Two instructors, one of whom gives half of his time to research work.

11. Brief general description:

The laboratory Is 115 by 50 feet in plan and consists of a main floor and a gallery 16 feet wide that extends around the entire laboratory. A concrete storage reservoir of 82,000 gallons capac- ity is situated below the level of the main floor. The discharge from all machines and tanks passes back to this reservoir. The main floor is equipped with the concrete channels and pumps described in No. 5 and in addition there are a number of small tanks and weighing scales.

The gallery is equipped with the Trump reaction turbine, three small impulse w'heels, a hydraulic ram, tanks for calibrating small weirs, orifices and tubes and connections for calibrating water meters. The movable equipment consists of a Pitot tube, current meters, differential gages with a maximum range of 5 feet, and other apparatus.

12. Research work completed:

Calibration of a moving screen for determining the velocity of flow in open channels.

Flow of water through i-inch pipe valves and fittings. Flow of water through iV2-inch valves. Calibration of sewage sprinkler nozzles.

Calibrating of i-inch and iVg-inch circular orifices under maxi- mum heads of 23 1 feet.

64 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

Flaw of water through 4, 6, 8, and lo-inch spiral riveted galvan- ized steel pipe. Calibration and development of parabolic weirs.

Information furnisihed by A. A. Potter, Dean of Engineering, and W. K. Hatt, Head, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University.

RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

1. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Hydraulic Laboratory, Troy, New

York.

2. Established, in 1908.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Testing current meters and small models. Has a tank 80 feet above the laboratory which can be used for tests.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

2000 gallons per minute under a head of 18 feet by pumping.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Worthington tandem, duplex, steam pump, 8 x 12 x 7 x 10 inches, can pump against 100 to 300 feet head.

Fairbanks, Morse & Company low-pressure, duplex pump 10 x 10 X 12 inches.

Marsh simplex steam pump 12 x 6 x 12 inches. Dean triplex power pump, electric-driven. Root rotary power pump, electric-driven.

Lawrence single-stage centrifugal pump, 1000 gallons per minute. Piatt 2-stage centrifugal pump, 80 feet head. Worthington 3-stage centrifugal pump, 250 feet head. 12-inch Doble water-wheel. 12-inch Pelton water-wheel. Escher, Wyss & Company water-wheel. lo-inch LefEel turbine. Pulsometer injector.

25,000-gallon tank and i5,oc)0-gallon cistern. I5,oc)0-gallon tank and a testing flume for current meters 4x4 X 90 feet.

Measuring flumes, Venturi meter, Pitot tubes, nozzles, floats, cur- rent meters, etc. Orifices in pipe lines for measurement of water.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Testing flume for current meters is unusual.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 65

7. The laboratory will do work for outside persons and under certain

conditions outside persons or companies will be allowed to do work in the laboratory. The charge for such work depends on the na- ture of the work and the expense connected therewith.

8. Railroad station and siding:

About il/^ miles from nearest freight yard.

9. Name and title of person in charge:

Professor Grant K. Palsgrove.

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

There are at least ten persons on the mechanical engineering staff who are competent to do work in the laboratory.

11. Brief general description:

The laboratory is located in the sub-basement of the Mechanical Engineering Building covering about 2500 square feet of floor space with a tank of 25,000 gallons on the floor above the labora- tory and a cistern of 15,000 gallons beneath the laboratory. A tank of about 15,000 gallons is located in the attic of the Sage Building and connected to the laboratory by an 8-inch pipe. Flumes with weir notches of various forms, Venturi meters, Pitot tubes, noz- zles, floats and current meters are found in the laboratory.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance:

Accuracy of current meters of various forms, effects of the nearness of current meter to the walls of the flume, the efifect of depths of immersion of current meters, the force of water against models of bridge piers and submerged cylindrical forms, the strength of flat plates, and the currents in draft tubes, have been investigated.

Information furnished by Professor Arthur M. Greene, Jr.

UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER

I. Rochester, University of, Rochester, New York.

The hydraulic laboratory is small, designed and used for under- graduate instruction of mechanical engineering and chemical en- gineering students. For this purpose it is very satisfactory, suf- ficiently comprehensive, and gives good results; but it is not and cannot conveniently be adapted to research work on any extended scale, and none has ever been attempted, except an investigation of the performance of the Venturi meter under very low discharge heads, made at the request of F. F. Longley, of Hazen, Whipple & Fuller.

Information furnished by M. C. Ernsberger, Department of Mechanical Engineering.

66 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

ROSE POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

1. Rose Polytechnic Institute, Hydraulic Laboratory, Terre Haute, Indiana.

2. Established, 1878.

3. Kind of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Student work, especially calibration of orifices and weirs.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

From tank in attic of main building, head 63 feet, about 1/^ cubic foot per second.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Standpipe and stilling tank for testing orifices, etc., up to 2 inches diameter.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Model channel for studying movements of flood waves.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and terms

therefor:

No regular arrangements of this kind.

8. Railroad station and siding:

600 feet distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge:

Harold A. Thomas, Professor of Hydraulics.

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

One.

11. Brief general description:

Small laboratory for student work in general hydraulics. Full equipment for river gaging.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance:

Research and experiments on the movement of flood waves in

rivers.

Special studies on Pitot tubes.

Information furnished by Professor Harold A. Thomas.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 67

S. MORGAN SMITH COMPANY

1. S. Morgan Smith Company, York, Pennsylvania.

2. Established, 1921.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

The laboratory, or, more properly, water-wheel testing flume, is especially fitted for testing model water-wheels, or turbines, and intake and discharge passages for the same.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Normal head is 10 feet, but can be varied from 3 or 4 feet to 12 feet. The head on the turbine is a gravity head, and the water, after passing through the turbine and over a measuring weir, flow^ through a return passage and is then pumped into a baffle-chamber and flows thence into the flume proper.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

The power is absorbed by an Alden absorption dynamometer. A Fairbanks beam scale is used, which is hung on a beam supported from the working deck. An ordinary clock speed-counter is used, such as at the Holyoke flume, and this speed-counter runs contin- uously with the turbine. The water is measured over a weir with- out end contractions. An ordinary hook gage is used for obtain- ing the depth over the weir. The head is measured by float-gages, but these are so arranged that they can be readily checked.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

The depth and size of the flume and the tail-pit are arranged so that either horizontal or vertical w'heels can be tested. There is ample provision for easily varying the head and the relation of the center line of the turbine with the head and tail-water. There is sufficient space available to test almost any conceivable shape or size of intake or discharge passage.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and terms

therefor:

This 'testing "flume is not available for use by outside parties, except that company will cooperate with purchasers of its equipment, to secure the best available turbines and settings.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

S. Morgan Smith Company is in charge of the laboratory.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Four persons are required to make a test; may p'ossibly be reduced to three.

11. Brief general description:

The water is pumped into a baffle chamber, where it rises to the elevation desired and then passes into the flume proper, through

68 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

a baffle. From the flume the water goes through the turbine and out of the draft tube into the tail-pit and thence into the tail-race. There are two baffles in the tail-race, and after passing through these baffles, the water goes over the measuring weir into the return canal. The return canal passes around the flume and carries the water back to the pump intake. For assisting the control of the head, there is an overflow from the baffle chamber, to carry excess water to the return canal. This overflow will permit obtaining a practically constant head on the turbine. Information furnished by George A. Jessop, Engineering Department.

* * *

STEVENS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

1. Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey.

2. Established, 1875.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

The laboratory is a part of a general engineering laboratory fitted primarily for student instruction. With that end in view all ap- pliances are small, and are designed to determine the efficiencies and to standardize the appliances.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

The heads are obtained by pumping. The quantities are measured by standardized tanks, by weighing, by Venturi meters, by orifices, Pitot tube, sharp'-edge weirs either straight or with end contrac- tions, V-notch weirs, piston and disc meters; also a 36-inch Her- schel weir.

5. Principle pieces of equipment :

8y2 X 5 X lO-inch Union direct-acting simplex pump.

5^/^ X 314 X 7-inch Blake direct-acting simplex pump.

Two 4.y2 X 2% X 4-inch Worthington direct-acting duplex pumps.

2-inch Worthington single-stage centrifugal, motor-driven pump,

capacity 12 cubic feet per minute against 76 feet head.

2 x 3-inch Worthington triplex pump, motor-driven.

14-inch Pel ton laboratory motor with Prony brake.

lo-inch Pelton impulse water wheel with Prony brake.

lo-inch American impulse water wheel with Prony brake.

No. 2 pulsometer.

Rife hydraulic ram.

8-inch standard sharp-edge weir without end contractions.

2V^-inch Venturi meter with manometer.

Sixteen weighing tanks on Fairbanks scales.

Four calibrated displacement tanks.

Piston and disc meters.

14-inch Pelton laboratory motor with Prony brake.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 69

1 0-inch Leffel reaction turbine with vertical viscous dynamometer.

Two 10 X 36 X 36-inch weir boxes set in series for comparison of

V-notch and Herschel round edge weirs.

In the delivery pipes curved and flat plate orifices, Pitot tube and

Venturi meter.

18 X 10 X 12-inch duplex Underwriters' fire pump having maximum

capacity of 134 cubic feet per minute against 600 feet head.

3-inch Goulds single-stage centrifugal pump driven by a 3-horse-

power variable-speed motor; capacity 10 cubic feet per minute

against 50 feet head.

2-inch Union two-stage centrifugal pump driven by 7l/^-horse-

P'ower motor having variable speed; capacity 13 cubic feet per

minute against 200 feet head.

5-inch Union single-stage centrifugal pump driven by 7V^-horse-

power variable-speed motor, capacity 300 cubic feet per minute

against 20 feet head.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

None.

7. With the present increased size of classes, can take very little outside

work.

8. Railroad station or siding:

Railway siding is looo feet from door.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory:

Robert M. Anderson, Professor of Engineering Practice and Me- chanical Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

Six persons.

11. Brief general description:

The hydraulic apparatus is among the equipment in the Carnegie Laboratory of Engineering, a three-story brick building of 18,000 square feet total floor space.

12. Research:

Doctors J. E. Denton and D. S. Jacobus made a number of inves- tigations on centrifugal pumps and hydraulic motors, the results of which have been accepted as standard.

Information furnished by Robert M. Anderson, Department of Mechan- ical Engineering.

70 THE E^STGINEERING I'OUNDATION

SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY

I. Syracuse University, Hydraulic Laboratory, Syracuse, New York

(L. C. Smith College of Applied Science)

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Water supply contained in an outside reservoir 30 x 120 feet, capacity 20,000 cubic feet, adjoining the building.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Steel flume along w^est side of laboratory 6}4 feet above floor, 4j4

feet wide, 2}i feet deep, on which are mounted lO-inch Pelton wheel

and 14-inch Girard wheel, the latter of looo revolutions per minute

under 220 feet head.

Near north end of flume is vertical open concrete wheel pit 4]^2 feet

X 5 feet, 10 inches x 10 feet extending through to second floor.

In wheel pit is 10-inch mixed-flow turbine with interchangeable

gates of cylinder and wicket types.

Woodward and Lomibard governors for water wheels.

Weir in south end of flume.

Large concrete measuring tanks.

Steel orifice tank 5^ feet diameter,"8j^ feet high.

Concrete flume 3 feet 5 inches wide, 3 feet deep along east side of

laboratory; at its north end is an 8-foot steel overshot wheel;

Prony brake on wheel; weir at south end of flume. lO-inch single-stage De Laval centrifugal pximp, 300 cubic feet per

minute, 25 feet head, driven by 25-horse-power Westinghouse

variable-speed motor.

6-inch, 5-stage Morris centrifugal pump, 75 cubic feet per minute,

325 feet head. Dearie (Holyoke) duplex steam pump, 325 feet head or more - 16 x

105^ X 12 inches, 150 cubic icet per minute. Hydraulic ram. Measuring tanks. Venturi and other water meters. Pitometer and current metefs.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Equipment for testing current meters and models of boats.

I I . Brief general description :

Hydraulic laboratory occupies 92 x 50 feet on ground floor of Machin- ery Hall.

Information furnished by Louis Mitchell, Professor of Civil Engineering.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 7 1

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS

1. Texas, University of, Hydraulic Laboratory, Austin, Texas.

2. Established, 1904.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Flow through orifices, short tubes, pipes, hydraulic motors.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity, 16 feet head.

By pumping to standpipe, 185 feet head.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Weirs, nozzles, pipes, rams, tanks, turbines, meters, current meters.

6. Uniisual equipment or facilities:

None.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons of companies, and terms

therefor: Stream measurements, power surveys.

8. Railroad' station and siding^

One mile distant.

9. Name and title of person in. charge of laboratory :

S. P. Finch, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Three.

1 1 . Brief general description :

Room 65 by 36 feet.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance :

Friction in pipes. Information furnished by Prof. S. P. Finch.

UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY

United States Naval Academy, Engineering Experiment Station, An- napolis, Maryland.

Established, 1903.

Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Test of, and research work in connection with, centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, either motor- or steam-driven, in sizes up to a total power consumption of about 400 horse-power.

Head and quantity of water a/oaliable for tests: By pumping. Unlimited supply of brackish water.

72 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Complete power plant for generating and condensing about 10,000 pounds of steam per hour. Electrical generator capacity of about 500 kilowatts. Four electrical dynamometers ranging in size from 25 to 150 horsepower.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

None, but this laboratory is unique in many respects.

7. Possibilities for work for or by outside persons or companies and terms

therefor:

All tests conducted at the Engineering Experiment Station must be authorized by the Bureau of Engineering, Navy Department, Wash- ington, D. C, but they may originate in the Bureau, at the Station, or from the request of a manufacturer to have his apparatus tested for determining its suitability in the naval service. In the last case, the exhibitor must make a deposit to cover the cost of the test. The amount of this deposit is determined previous to the test. Any unexpended balance remaining at the completion of the test will be returned to the exhibitor. The use of data, obtained during tests, for advertising purposes is prohibited.

8. Distance from railroad station or siding:

Shipments are received on railroad siding about one-half mile away and transferred across the Severn River to the Station by ferry.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

Captain John Halligan, Jr., U.S.N.

10. Number of persons in regular staff:

4 naval officers

3 mechanical engineers

I metallurgist

I assistant metallurgist

1 metallographist

2 chemists

2 sound aids

1 sound inspector

2 technicists

21 laboratorians

22 laboratory helpers (technically trained) 95 mechanics and laborers.

11. Brief general description of laboratory:

The Station consists of one large building and three smaller ones. The larger building is divided into the "main building," extending nearly northeast and southwest, the "boiler room" extending from the middle point of the main building at right angles thereto, and several "leantos" around the boiler house. The main building is 316 feet

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 73

long and 66 feet wide and is served throughout its length by a 15-ton crane. In the northeast end of the building are the offices of the officer-in-charge of the Station, the offices of the mechanical and chemical test officers and clerks, the chemical and oil laboratories, the drawing room and library, the blue-print room, tool and store rooms and material-testing machines. In the southwest end of the "main building" are the foreman's office, the metallographic labora- tory with offices for the metallographist, the machine shop, miscellan- eous experimental apparatus used in the tests of steam turbines, con- densers, evaporators, ejectors, and blowers, open and closed tanks, the pump trench, and the testing floor.

In the boiler room are air-compressors, condensers, heaters, pumps, two closed boiler compartments, a generator room', pattern shop, boilermaker's shop and instrument room, a Babcock & Wilcox coal- burning boiler and a Yarrow coal burning boiler. Two oil-burning . boilers, one of the Mosher and one of the Colvin type, are in the closed compartments. In the generator room are provided three turbo-driven generators, a Diesel marine type oil engine, a steam- engine-driven generator, a motor-generator, a balancer set and the necessary switchboard equipment. Just outside the generator room is a complete submarine type storage battery.

The first of the three smaller buildings contains special equipment for the construction, development and testing of hydrophones and sound signaling equipment. The second is occupied by the molder, blacksmith and coppersmith, each having a well-equipped shop. The third small building is mainly used for storage purposes and for the testing of internal-combustion engines.

Information furnished by John Halligan, Jr., Captain, U. S. N., Officer- in-Charge.

WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY

1. Washington University, Hydraulic Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri.

2. Established, 1909.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Jet, weir and tube measurements.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By pumping.

About 30-foot head, 800 gallons per minute.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Centrifugal pump of 800 gallons per minute capacity. Vertical pressure tank 10 feet high, 12 inches diameter. Horizontal tank, 30 x 5 x 3 feet.

74 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

6. Unusual' equipment or facilities j if any :

None.

7. Possibilities for work, for or by outside persons or companies, and terms

therefor: limited.

8. Railroad station and siding,

300 feet distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge:

J. L. Van Ornum, Professor of Civil Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff:

Two.

1 1 . Brief general description :

Floor space about 40 x lO feet.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance which has been done:

Pitot tube experiments 1909-10 by E. G. Hooper. Information furnished by Professor J. L. Van Ornum. Note; May, 1922: This laboratory is not now available for use, due to the imperative need for the space to accommodate other equipment.

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

1. Wisconsin, University of, Hydraulic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.

2. Established, 1905.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Well equipped for almost any type of problem involving quantities of flow up to 50 or 60 cubic feet per second under heads up to 6 or 8 feet ; for heads up to 30 feet with flows up to 10 second-feet ; for quan- tities up to 500 or 600 gallons p'er minute under heads up to 80 or 90 pounds per square inch.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By pumping. See No. 3.

The laboratory is situated on the edge of Lake Mendota, which it uses as an immense storage reservoir from which water can be pumped and returned. The laboratory also has a circular concrete reservoir 50 feet in diameter and 15 feet deep which is 60 feet above the labor- atory and a short distance from it. A 10-inch supply and 16-inch return pipe lead from the reservoir to the laboratory. The Uni- versity pumping plant is in a building adjoining the laboratory and has four large pressure tanks which serve as equalizers. The supply and equipment of the pumping plant are available to the laboratory.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

30-inch diameter, low-head centrifugal pump direct-connected to steam engine, capacity 35,000 gallons per minute.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 75

8-inch low-lift centrifugal pump, speed about 400 revolutions per minute, capacity 4 second-feet, lift 30 feet, direct- connected to steam engine.

8-inch Prescott centrifugal pump, speed 425 revolutions per minute, capacity 1800 gallons per minute, lift 30 feet, 30-inch bronze impeller of the inclosed type, direct-connected to steam engine. 6-inch double-suction Gould centrifugal pump, l6oo to 1800 revolu- tions per minute, iioo gallons p«r minute capacity, lifts up to 120 feet, bronze impeller of the inclosed type ; belt-connected to 50-horse- power, variable-speed, direct'-current motor.

Syi X 8-inch Deming triplex pump, belt-driven from variable-speed motor.

6 X lo-inch Fairbanks-Morse duplex, double-acting, reciprocating pump, belt-driven from variable-speed motor. 30-inch James Leffel low-head water turbine. 1 2-inch, inclosed type, medium-head Trump turbine, arranged to be supplied through 16-inch pipe line from concrete reservoir noted above.

14-inch Girard impulse turbine. 1 2-inch Doble tangential water wheel.

4 x 6-inch triplex pump, belt-connected to 5-horse-power, direct- current motor.

12-inch Victor register-gate water turbine. 1 2-inch Smith-McCormick water turbine. 10-inch James Leffel water turbine.

Several Venturi meters, numerous weirs, tanks, scales and other weighing devices, and a complete equipment of recording and pressure gages and other small apparatus.

7. Possibilities for work for or by outside persons or companies and terms

therefor:

Laboratory is ready to assist in the solution of problems that will be of value to the profession or public in general. If the work will not interfere with instructional or research work in progress, arrange- ments can be made by outside parties to have private tests made. Problems that are suitable for research and thesis study are always welcomed.

8. Railroad station and siding:

About one-half mile distant.

9. Name and title of person in charge:

Charles L Corp, Professor of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff: Five.

Information furnished by Professor Charles I. Corp.

76 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

1. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Alden Hydraulic Laboratories, Worces-

ter, Massachusetts.

2. Established, 1895.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Instruction and thesis work of students and original investigations.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

By gravity, about 30 feet head, up to 40 cubic feet per second. Institute owns entire privilege of 300-acre pond.

5. Principal pieces of equipment:

Two 15-inch Hercules water wheels under 15-foot head. 1 8-inch horizontal water wheel with 12-foot draft tube, under 30- foot head, about 80 horse-power.

Several spare wheels of S. Morgan Smith Co. and Allis-Chalmers Co. design.

15-inch Piatt exciter unit with 12-foot draft tube, under 30-foot head, about 15 horse-power. Alden absorption dynamometer on turbine shaft. Turbine discharges into weir flume in basement 60 x 16 x 3.5 feet deep below crest of weir. Flume has smooth plank bottom, brick walls.

lo-foot standard weir with end contractions; length adjustable from 16 feet (without end contractions) to as small as desired; 8-foot weir without end contractions, concrete walls, bronze crest, measures discharge from 15-foot head laboratory. Two sets hook-gage tanks ;

36-inch Pel ton water wheel with small Alden dynamometer, flume and weir.

4-inch centrifugal pump, single-stage, built by Gould Pump Co. 4-stage centrifugal pump built by Buffalo Forge Co. Four kinds of water-Wheel governors: Snow, Improved Holyoke, Replogle, and Lombard Type F.

Pressure tank supplies artificial head for Pelton wheels. Quarter-turn rope and belt drive testing apparatus. Clutch and p'ulley testing machine.

Set of small flumes 14x3 feet x I foot deep below weir crests, for calibrating large weir. Several small pumps. 4-inch Gould hydraulic ram. 2-inch Gould hydraulic ram. Cole pitometers. 12-inch Union water meter; 12-inch Venturi meter.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 77

Current meters: Price, Fteley, Haskell, Ott and several special types. 50,000-pound weighing tank.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

Circular current-meter rating station, 84-foot steel boom driven by water wheel, 2-speed gear transmission and rope drive.

7. A limited amount of work can be done for outside persons or companies.

8. Railroad station or siding.

One-eighth mile from railroad station.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory.

Charles M. Allen, Professor of Hydraulic Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff :

Two or three.

1 1 . Brief general description :

One-story wooden building, with basement ; on 30-foot head privilege,

4000 square feet total floor space. One-story wooden building with

basement, iioo square feet floor space, on 15-foot head privilege.

40-inch riveted steel pipe 400 feet long between supply pond and

building.

Piezometer rings 10 feet from either end of pipe;

36-inch Venturi meter just inside building, with recorder.

12. Research or other work of unusual importance:

Comparative tests of current meters. Pitometer investigations. Draft tube experiments. Information furnished by Professor C. M. Allen by courtesy of President Ira N. Hollis.

YALE UNIVERSITY A

1. Yale University, Sheffield Scientific School, Winchester Hall, New

Haven, Connecticut.

(Note: In addition to equipment in Mason Laboratory)

2. Established in 1892.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Undergraduate laboratory work in hydraulics for civil engineering students.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Storage tank and connection to city water supply. Head available about 65 feet.

78 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

5; Principal pieces of equipment:

Ordinary equipment for undergraduate work such as weirs, orifices, meters, rams, etc. Also current meters for stream gaging.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities:

None-.

7. Possibilities for work for or by outside persons or companies and terms

therefor:

Equipped to do stream gaging, and similar work.

8. Railroad station or siding.:

Railroad siding located at Hammond Laboratory near by.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

R. H. Suttie, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff : One.

In the future there will probably be built for research work a hydraulics laboratory at the Yale Engineering Camp, East Lyme, Connecticut.

Information furnished by Professor R. H. Suttie.

YALE UNIVERSITY B

1. Yale University, Sheffield Scientific School, Mason Laboratory of Me-

chanical Engineering, New Haven, Connecticut.

2. Established, 191 1.

3. Kinds of work for which laboratory is especially fitted:

Mechanical engineering work primarily but provided with facilities for undergraduate experiments and limited research work in hy- draulics.

4. Head and quantity of water available for tests:

Concrete sump and storage tanks in basement, small capacity, from which water is pumped to main floor.

5. Principal pieces of equipment :

Several centrifugal and piston p^lmps; ordinary measuring devices for undergraduate instruction, such as weirs and Venturi meters.

6. Unusual equipment or facilities :

One hydraulic pressure pump, 10,000 pounds per square inch working pressure.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 79

7. Possibilities for work, for or by oustide persons or companies, and terms

therefor:

Apparatus available for outside persons or companies as far as ability

permits, but no fixed schedule of terms, each case being considered

individually.

8. Railroad station and siding :

No railroad facilities.

9. Name and title of person in charge of laboratory :

S. W. Dudley, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, in charge of experimental engineering.

10. Number of persons on regular staff: Three.

Information furnished by Professor S. W. Dudley.

80 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

OFFICERS OF ENGINEERING FOUNDATION FOR 1922

Chairman Charles F. Rand

First Vice-Chairman Edward Dean Adams

Second Vice-Chairman . . . . Frank B. Jewett

Treasurer Joseph Struthers

Assistant Treasurer Henry A. Lardner

Secretary Alfred D. Flinn

Assistant Secretary By reciprocal arrangement, the Permanent

Secretary of National Research Council,

Vernon Kellogg

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Charles F. Rand, Chairman

Edward Dean Adams Frank B. Jewett

George H. Begram H. Hobart Porter

MEMBERSHIP OF BOARD FOR 1922

honorary member Ambrose Swasey

united engineering society George H. Pegram George M. Basford

Edwin Ludlow Bancroft Gherardi

american soaety of civil engineers Edward Dean Adams Silas H. Woodard

AMERICAN institute OF MINING AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERS

Herbert M. Boylston Arthur L. Walker

american society of mechanical engineers John H. Barr David S. Jacobus

AMERICAN institute OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

Frank B. Jewett E. Wilbuk Rice, Js.

members at large H. Hobart Porter Charles F. Rand

Elmer A. Sperry

EX-OFFICIO, AS president OF UNITED ENGINEERING SOCIETY J. ViPOND Davies

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES 8 1

FORMS FOR DEED OF GIFT AND BEQUEST

No. I - Simple General Form for Deed of Gift

The United Engineering Society, a New York corporation, having established a fund known as the Engineering Foundation,

I hereby give to said United Engineering Society the sum of

Dollars ($ , ),

which shall 'be invested and reinvested by United Engineering Society and the income thereof used by Engineering Foundation for the furtherance of research in science and engineering or for the advancement in any other manner of the profession of engineering and the good of mankind.

Witness my hand and seal at this

day of ,. , 19

(Signature) In the presence of :

No. 2 - Form for Deed of Gift with Preference for Specific Purposes

The United Engineering Society, a New York corporation, having established a fund known as the Engineering Foundation,

I hereby give to said United Ejig^neering Society the sum of

Dollars ($ ),

which shall be invested and reinvested by United Engineering Society and the income thereof used by Engineering Foundation for the furtherance of research in science and engineering or for the advancement in any other manner of the profession of engineering and the good of mankind. It is, however, my will and desire that so long as may be advisable in the opinion of Engineering Foundation Board, said in- come or so much thereof as shall by said Board be deemed advisable, shall be used

for the following specific purposes :

Witness my hand and seal at this

day of 19

(Signature) In the presence of :

FORM OF BEQUEST I give to United Engineering Society, a New York corporation, whose principal

oflSce is in the City of New York, the sum of Ddlars

($ ) , for the Engineering Foundation maintained by said society.

82

THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

PUBLICATIONS

1. Report on the Origin, Foundation and Scope of the National Research Council,

February, 1917.

2. A Progress Report to United Engineering Society, October, 1919.

3. Annual Report for Year ended February 10, 1921.

4. Annual Report for Year ended February 9, 1922, and Report on Fatigue of Metals.

5. Directory of Hydraulic Laboratories in United States (in preparation).

REPRINTS

1. The Mental Hygiene of Industry, March, 11920; from Induitrial Management,

February, 1920. Out of print.

2. Trade-Unionism and Temperament, April, 1920; from Industrial Management,

April, 1920. Price, 25 cents.

3. The Modern Specialist in Unrest, June, 1920 ; from Industrial Management, June,

1920. Price, 25 cents.

4. An Improved Form of Weir for Gaging in Open Channels, May, 1920; from

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, June, 1920. Price, 35 cents.

RESEARCH NARRATIVES

In January, 1921, the semi-monthlypublication was begun of a series of leaflets, each containing the story of some research or discovery or notable achievement in science or engineering, briefly told. There have been printed to date :

Number and Title

1. Isolated Research: Its Handicaps.

The Story of Mendelism.

2. Fatigue of Metals: A Story of Co-

operation.

3. Utilizing Low-Grade Ores: An Iron

Story.

4. Electric Welding: From Lecture

Room to Industry.

5-

Early Uses of Nickel: The Acci- dental Element in Research.

6. An Ammonia Gas Story: A Simple

Solution of a Safety Problem.

7. Making Explosions Beneficial: Re-

search as a Sociological Factor.

8. The Ruggles Orientator: A Device

for Ground Training of Aviators.

g. The Centrifugal Creamer: From Laboratory to Factory and Farm.

10. Nitrogen : Its Capture and Utiliza- tion.

Contributor or Source of Information

Prof. A. E. Kennelly, Harvard -Univer- sity and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Prof. H. F. Moore, Engineering 'Experi- ment Station, University of Illinois.

W. G. Swart, Mining and 'Metallurgicdl Engineer, Duluth, Minn.

Dr. iElihu Thomson, Consulting Engi- neer, General Electric Co., Lynn, Mass.

A. J. Wadhams, Assistant General Su- perintendent, International Nickel Company, Bayonne, N. J.

Prof. Edward F. Miller, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

H. W. Jordan, Research Chemist, Semet- Solvay Company, Syracuse, -N. Y.

Captain Lloyd N. Scott, formerly Liaison Officer to Naval Consulting Board and Secretary, War Committee of Tech- nical Societies.

Dr. Elihu Thomson. "Various sources.

HYDRAULIC LABORATORIES

83

Number and Title

11. Light in Water: Total Reflection by

Animalcules.

12. Thermionics : The Movement of

Electricity Under Influence of High Temperature in Vacua.

13. Radioactivity: New Conceptions of

the Constitution of Matter.

14. Wrought Tungsten: A Reward of

Many Years Spent in Scientific Research.

15. The Gas- Filled Incandescent Lamp:

A Product of Continued Search for Higher Efficiency.

16. Radium : A Substance so Powerful

That One Three-thousand-millionth of a Grain Can Be Identified Easily.

17. Helium : One of the Rare Gases of

the Atmosphere - Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton and Xenon.

18. Direction by Two Ears : Saving

Ships by Hearing Magnified Un- derwater Sounds. Another Ex- ample of Results Won by Cooper- ation.

19. Whittling Iron : Some Irons Are

Softened by Saline, Acidulous and Alkaline Waters.

20. Maleic and Fumaric Acids : Dis-

covery of Catalytic Oxidation of Coal Tar Products.

21. Separating Minerals by Floating: A

Metallurgical Process Discovered by a Woman.

22. American Optical Glass : Science Su-

perior to Tradition and Trade Secrets.

23. American Glass for Safety : Achieve-

ments of the Collaboration of Science with Industry.

24. Glassware and Warfare: Industrial

Benefits Salvaged from War's Necessities.

25. Measurement of Illumination : A De-

fense for Human Eyes.

26. Outwitting the Marine Borers-

Mighty Destroyers of Wooden Marine Structures.

27. Tight Flexible Joints for Submarine

Pipes: A Water Supply Problem.

Contributor or Source of Information Captain Lloyd N. Scott.

Dr. D. W. Wilson, Western Electric Company.

Dr. Willis R. Whitney, Director, Re- search Laboratory, General Electric Company, and Prof. Frederick Soddy on "The Interpretation of Radium and the Structure of the Atom."

Dr. Irving Langmuir, Research Labor- atory, General Electric Company.

Dr. Irving Langmuir.

Dr. R. B. Moore, Chief Chemist, United States Bureau of Mines.

Dr. R. B. Moore.

Dr. Robert A.' Millikan, California In- stitute of Technology.

Various sources.

Dr. J. M. Weiss, Manager, Research De- partment, The Barrett Company.

Various sources.

Harrison E. Howe, in The New World of Science, edited by Dr. Robert M. Yerkes.

Eugene C. Sullivan, Vice-President, Coming Glass Works.

Eugene C. Sullivan.

Dr. Clajfton H. Sharp, Technical Di- rector, Electrical Testing Laboratories, New York.

Prof. C. A. Kofoid, University of Cali- fornia, member of San Francisco Bay Marine Piling Committee.

Alfred D. Flinn, formerly Deputy Chief Engineer, Catskill Aqueduct.

84

THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

Number and Title

28. A Serbian Herdsman's Contribution

to Telephony: An Example of the Inborn Spirit of Research.

29. An Early Rotary Electrical Con-

verter : The Solution of a Welding Problem.

30. What Matter is Made of : A Mod-

ern Conception.

31. Teredos and Tunnels : One of Na-

ture's Engineering Suggestions.

32. A Farmer's Phenological Records : A

Tale of Remarkable Individual Re- search virith a Sad Sequel of Loss Due to Isolation.

33. The Naval Tortoise Shell: Develop-

ment of the Defensive Element of Warships.

34. Compressed Air for Underwater

Construction : A Means for Mak- ing Practicable Many Difficult Foundations and Tunnels.

35. The Discovery of Manganese Steel:

Its Metallurgical Paradoxes.

36. A Story of Velox : Overcoming Dif-

ficulties by Research and Persever- ance.

37. Pattern-Shop Research : Early De-

velopment of Hydraulic Turbines.

38. Smelting Titaniferous Iron Ore:

Prospector and Researcher.

39. The Birth of Bakelite; Its Growth:

An Adventure with Synthetic Resins.

40. Palladium : Danger in Discrediting

the Unlikely.

Contributor or Source of Information Dr. M. I. Pupin.

Dr. Hermann Lemp.

Dr. W. R. Whitney.

B. H. M. Hewett, of Jacobs & Davies, Consulting Engineers, New York, N. Y.

Robert E. Horton, Consulting Hydraulic Engineer, Voorheesville, N. Y.

Dr. Hermann Lemp.

B. H. M. Hewett.

Henry D. Hibbard, Consulting Engineer, Plainfield, N. J.

Dr. Leo H. Baekeland.

Robert E. Horton.

W. M. Goodwin, Editor Canadian Mining Journal, Gardenvale, P. Q.

Dr. Leo H. Baekeland.

G. Gore, in "The Art of Scientific Dis- covery."

I BIHDHICZ DHI »»-

faulori PAMPHtET BINDER^

Syracuie, N. Y. Stockton, Calif.