Stafford directory, 1851

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ii

L

HISTORY,

Gazetteer, and directory,

Staffordshire;

Hurr Asn cou.vrr of the city op lichfibld.

3 ^Ciniral parties eC liit (fonntji of AtaSorV,

AND THE DIOCESE OV L[CHFIELD li COVENTRY i

HISTORICAL. STATISTICAL, & TOPOORAPHICAL

FIVE HUNDREDS OF THE SHIRE ;

ABllqwlin. Public Chuitin, lad Ta>Ii>uli»Di : tbc Cl>il uid Ecc]«u>i JuriidicUou : Ihc Nuns ud Addrrnn of ihe principal InhiUtuls ;

SEATS OF NOBILITY AND GENTRY ;

„ AGRICULTURAL, h BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION In One I'oltime, tcilh a large Map of the County.

BY WILLIAM WHITE,

PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR.

BY BOBT. LEADKR, INDEPENDENT OFFICE, SHEFFIF-LH, jttd wtdbttW.VijtiTK, allhi Wirktr Litrarf, ShrffirM.

<i

^^L^^H

P

NDEX OF PLACES

J

1 Hi>lyCro«,353

Leek Frilh, 712

Mill*tone Oren, U^M

Hon Mill, 643

L«fu Hill. 753

Milton. 664 ^H

Hopton. 140

Uigh. 753

Milwicb,64S ^H

Hop*. 717

L«v»d«lc 60S

Milton, 505 ^M

Ilop-»ii39;H«.35B HorniDglow, 3)9

I,ey»fH, 615

Miwn. 712 ^

Lichfipld, History of

Most Hill. 348

Han«bnM)k.48i

61; Directory. 153

Modderabal 1,676

Honlif. 634

LigUtwoad. 691

MonoiQre Green, I9S

Hureley tluth, 4Ua

Monway Field. 453

1 crton. 747

Lltidky Wood. 61 j Line Hil), 505

MDrelo>i,34fi.496.e2V

Hot Unr, £46

MorredfTf. 751,718

HouDhill, 3U

Liiwis HalJ, 363

Morry. 470

Huddrnrord, 469

Litlleworlii, 141

Moteky. 240

HuJmc, 731

Lidywood. 476

Mom Pitli, 144

[ ulmEEni].;6l

Lloyd HoiiBC, 394

Mount, (Tbe) fiS3

BalineHra<1,7l8.TI!

London [Lt).) 241

Mount P«vilion,634

HulWllAbl«y546,S79

Long Croft. 470

Mount PiMiinl, 367

Hualiagwn. 488

Longdon, 360

Moiipy, 331, 453

ltunll<T, 733

I,ons8eldColMif,535

MucctMtoD, 649

Ilini,74R

Longnor.478.718

Muckley Comer. 107

Inaeitre, 643

Loogporl, £46, .579

Mu.d*n Gruige, 758

Ipitonei. 7»

LoDgridgf, 506

Nirroi. D«le,7l7

Iv«le¥H«r.380 JoWon H>ll, 63a

Needwood Furejt.

LonKlon,543. 570

367; Houte.373

Luire Liberty, 703

Neiherton. 343

Kecle, 643

Luiley. 764

Nei.boldM.nor. 397

Loynton. fiOl Luhborn.730

KiddrrmoorGru. 2R3

Newbridge, 190

LuUry, iM

NewcMUe. Hi.torT.

^hKinr>»,9e»

Lyudon 460

65l;Dire«ory.fi5.T

Lynnf.37e

Ne*Cb.pet.653,5W

^HVingil'y. 7fii

M»deley.644.64.';

Newfield, 550

^VKinc'i SM»diag. 41

M»delfyHolnif,736

New Invention. 341

^KingnoDe, 763

M*rr, 647

Newl>nd.623

M«rw.y Ltnr. 847

Net. Milli. 428, 693

Msple Hay»<. 104

Nettlon. 619

^«m«*>toi>,336

^B Kr»nhill, 670

^nCnigbll-^ 496

M.rg.rettLw*.i97

Ne» Vorh. 720

^^nBiiliUin. 6»7. 6£0

Munlon. I4!l. 49J

Nobott. 764

^W[nall,S77

M»nin-s Lot.«, 746

Norbury. 600

^^BKnn>>lBTia.ei2

M»on-| Bink.^HI

Normieoll. 675

^HVauUon, fifiS. &'I3

MMMyo Itidwire,

Northtrood. 658. 74«

^BMd<-r Edp. 711

365

Norton Canei, 360 M

MiyBeld, 7S6

Norton Grmn. 663

^HLady Moor, SMI

Meiford. 676

Norton-in-ltar- '

^^Uudy Wood. 488

Mf»rbrDok.7ia

Moon. 663

^^EiMDelpb.M4£77

Meertown, 493

Nurioo, 373 H

^^bu Bo VM3. A7i>

Melr,731

Oikunoor. 733 ^H

Mfir Uof. 676

0.ken, 354 ^H

Murydile. H*. ISO Middleton Gn. 754

Oik Kill. 535 ^H

^V&* 1^'. 6J3

0>kley.338.6£0 ^M

^^^^jSV"'

Milld«i^ 717

Oakover. 766 ^M

MiUron], 475

OekMlM,403 ^M

Elj^^

Mlllmcece. 634

0(hiUei,«3A ^M

»DSX OP»PLA0BS.

OflcT, 640, 607

Offlov Handled, SiO

OKl€yHaj,371

Old Pftilc. 40

Oldcott, 56K Sn

Oldspriiv%690

Olite GrfCD, 470

OacoCe,636

Onecole, 71S* 746

OaD,(H.&L.)4n

OiinUe7,646

OrxrMTe.6B6

Onlov, 482

Ortol^S9S

OwottfSit

OtbcftomMS

Oiltoa, Ml, 676

Ootwoods, 319, 406

Oferttle,346

Ozle7,351 PmckiDftoD, 4^ Puoley Hill, 754 Park Brook, 428; End, 613; Field, 615; Hall, 731; HilK438;Laoet,482 Pattnkall, 37S PutiDgham, S72 Peatmrood, 630 PMlirmll Hoaw, 630 Pelsal), 236 P^ndeford, 288 Peokball, 534 Ptakridse, 501 Pran, (Vr. & L.)273 PcnyBarr &Bdg.351 P^rahall,634 Pilatom505 Pipe Hill, 107, PSpeHmll, 104 Pipe Ridvare, 371 WMtMU 519, 676

nM«viek,496

635 MiU, 103 PM Bod, 719 621

On«/7^ /

Qoettlett, 297 QalekaHUl,759 QnlDton, 371 Radford, 475 Ruuhoni, 745 RaofS Moot, 306 Ranadifl; 552. 502 Ranton ft Abbey, 664 RaTenshall, 617 Raapa Moor, 716 Reddal Hill, 277 RedHoiiM,297 Red Street, 552 Itickeneote^ 144 Ridfte EmI, 761 Ro€eetftr,759 Rocba aide, 719 RodbMtoB* 506 RollcMon,371 Roner, 667 Rough Clow, 676 Rowley Hall, 144 Rowley Regii, 275 Radge, 669, 272 Rudyard, 713 Rugeley, 508 Ruiton, 281 Rule 478 Riuhall, 374 Roshton Jamea, 713 RuahtoD Speocer, 713 Ryeeroft, 375, 429 St. Thomas, 141 Salt & Enson, 142 Sandborou^b, 341 Sandon, 665 Sandwell Park, 462 Sandyford, 550 Sartd0D,(G.&L.)516 Saveriey Green, 675 Scott's Arms, 297 Scoondslow Gm. 764 Seabridge, 545, 579 Sedgley, 278 Seighford, 667 Seisdon, 163, 291 Sevenhoases, 190 Shaley Brook, 612 Shallow Ford, 621 Shares Hill, 515 Sharpley Green, 675 Shaw, (The) 752 SbeMen, 641 Sbeeo, 760 SbelMd, 429

Shelton, 539,558, 686 Sheostone, 375 Sheriff Hales, 516 Sherholt Lodge, 396 Siierrall Park, 336 Shirieywich, 694 Shooters HiU, 682 Short Heath, 428 Shrodicote, 478 Shogborough, 625 Shutt Rod, 267 Shotlane Head, 686 Sidway Hall, 648 Silkraore House, 144 Silrerdale, 644 Sinai Park, 319 Slade Hill, 190 SUndoD, 634 Saiallthoni, 663 Smallwood, 346 Smethwick, 356 Sneals Green. 397 Sneyd, 546, 579 Sodom, 281 Soho, 349 Somerford, 482 Sotsbole, 428 Spath, 764 Spon Lane, 460 Spot & Spotgate, 676 Spratfllade, 691 Spring Field, 553 Spring Vale, 675 Stableford, 639, 686 I Stadmoreslow, 552 ; Directory, 592 Sufford, 109 to 144 Stallington, 677 SUndon, 669 Sunley, 713 Stansbope, 717 Stanton, 745 Stapenhill, 320 Statfold, 379 Stockdale Rdg. 373 Stockley Park, 408 Stoke-by-Stone, 675 Stoke-u pon-Tren t. History, 530; Di- rectory, 553 Stone, 669 Stonedelph, 389 StoDnal,(0.&N.)'«n^ Stonywell, 363 Stourton CMt\e.'26V

I

L3

^H

^^^^^^1^1

10 INDEX OF PLACES.

S(ow Heath. 190

Tyrley QitaiWr, 629 Wiiginton. 388

Sl(i<re. 683

L'ttoiclrr. 761

£lDireflL]|,9S

Walfofd. 6«a

Wilkin's Pleek, 687

Slnmtbtll, 764

W«ll. 108

VV'illEohall.339

SireMhsy 1U8

WallbMok, 790

Willowbridce Weill,

SiretWn. 33O.fi0S

Will Heath, i67

609

Slnngrord MUli, 6Bi

W»llLn|[lnn. 438

WillaLock,76*

Slabby Upe, 345

W«]Mli.4l6

WilQt^ote. 3Sa ^_

S>>gn*ll.(M.&P.)63;

Walsall Forelen. 438 WalMll WonJ.4!a

Winkhill, 771 ^M

Summrr Hill. 265

Winnineton. 650

SulWD, 483

Walton, 47S.634. 674

Win<bill.S30

SwmMoot.m

Wanfield H.ll, 733

Wi.!.ingion.754 ~W

S«u Villair. 460

Wur^lo*. 719

Wobuton. 250 -

Swindon. tOi

Wvlan. 494

Wclgaralon. 506

Soinleii, 459

WatM E.lon. 506

Woln.ton.478

Swi Finer tun. 686

Wstrtrall. 771

Wol.cley. 637

Wol-tanion. 549,593

Wolewaod, ua. 593

Tmik-o'ih'-Hiii, eia

Wrdn'sbuiy. 449

WomUonm, S93

Wood Eaton. 49S

Tamliotu. ri79

Weffoni, -we

Wood End, 308,377,

Tamirorth, 379

Weeping CroM, 47B

438

TiDiy 6mn, 367

Werga. (The) 389

WoodfordGrin|e;383

WNtbNch,»3

Woodgate. 764

1'atenbil],3»6

Weat Brnnwieh, 4S0

Wood Green. 453

T»«n. {U. & L.) 737

WeMon Coyney. 731

TnldMlpf H*v. £17

Wraton Jonei.501

693.695

Tettenh*!!, 3N6

WoD.lhouw«,104.470,

Th.lchnuHir, 400

aRl,CI8.

757

Thick Brcwm. 4fiS

WB»lon.on-Trtnl693

H'ood VilU. 764

Thorncliff, 713

WMKlland (Joar. 63S

Tbarai--*, 2B7

739

Woodlandt. 739, 7i^

ThainRf Uor, 347

Wlielinore, 640

Woodte»ri,6l5M^|

Thqtp. Coo.l. 4UI Tb<»r\C.vHn.4l

Wetton. 771

Wood>eata, 759 ^M

H'lieaion Aalon, 439

Wood Setton. 381 ^1

Thr« F-rmi. 836

Whcrrington, 731

Woolley. 483 ^M

Tbrnwlfv. 748 Thurgfirlil, 553. Sai

n'hi-tmor«. 319

Woollon. 6.11. 63fi

Whixon. 506

Wootlon &U>dge,74A

TiUmfitan. 143

White Panni, 635

Wootlona,74l

Tipton. 401. 403

Whiaton Eavea, 7^

Wordaloy, 287

TittfDxtr, 674

WhilPhnll, 498

Wortton. 143

Whitfield, MS

M'linehill.en. 645

T'lull. 667

Whltgreavf. 143

Wmiealry Hall, 283

Toll Kad, 409

WhlUcy Rocka and

Wyrlcy Bank. 490

Albry. 739

Wyrley Great. 488

Tmth«>n.6M9

WUltmof,. m

Wyrley LillU, S7« ^

TrMt Vulf. f.35

Whil*» Bridge. 713

Yntlett. 695 ^M

Tmeoit. 9i«

Wblttingt-n.963,468 Va.nfi.td. 686 ^M

T(y.yll. 2ao

WlehdoD L«dg^ 685 Ye* Tw. 685 _^M

l-untull.M0,5It8^T

Wichnoi, 398 Y'oTtee lIouae.^H

T»ibaf y. 407

WiMin^tall. 718 (no.ealled A'oi^H

YoiaU.4T0 ^H

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

2AbMier,3ia.Mft Ate, (Barton) 310 Aftcient BriliBt, IS AncteatCartoMi, 168,

89«.a09l,4OA»flOS Anglcwy Mu^. 361 AnsoD FuHijN 636 Anti^itict Si. S4 AqudoctBt 610, 63i Archdeaconries 30^ Aidry FanUy, 872 Aodtev Lords, 610 Bags Robert, 330 Biiot Baroo, 610 Baker Miu, 604 BvoBetBv63 Barrows, or Tunili,

23,950, 252, 965,

329,359,380 BatUes 32, 66, 141,

252, 287, 237, 314,

410, 629, 699 Bertram. St. 749 Bemford, riact. 718 Bird, Evd. R.A. 185 BUbopt, 26, 64, 683 Bishopric. 29, 85

681^647,732 Cdnaie, 70. U 1,381 ColBitig MUl, 360 Coins, Ancient, 976,

389, 400, 413 Collien joked, 174 CollefM,30 ConstaUe Fam. 688 Copper Mines, 712,

767.779 Copper ftBrasaWrks.

65,712,719,726,

732,769 C0ronefa,64 Corporstion Bnqnkry,

74. 137, 667 County Rates, 51 Cotton Charles, 718 Conns. Bed. 88; Ci- vil, 71 & 122; Re-

qaest, 189 Crewe Lord, 645 Crewe Sir Geo. 716 Crucible Clay, 246 Cuckiog Stool, 658 Cunon Family, 510 Dairies, 46 Danei,20,237 Dartmouth Earl. 462

Borough Member8,53 j Deanfrim, 30,87,178

Borough Eogliib,! 17 '^ '''"'' ""^'^

Boughey Fam. 493 Bradford Earl, 518 Bridj^ea. (County) 52 Bridle for Scolda, 342 Ball Baiting, 277 Bull Running, 409 Caoalt, 49. 527, 546 Cadtedral, 77 ; Siege o(^; Clergy orj67 CatboUc Bialiop, 180 CaiUc,46

Cavtnt, 41. 260,618 Chad St. 26, 89 Charles If., 34,35,172 ChrtMde Fam. 650 China Mfr. 525 Cholera. 222 Chrutittiity, 19, 25 Cinl Wan, 33 Clericdinatn. 98,135 Clays, 246, 622 Clunate, 6ec., 48

Qn^MimtmdfSumtM, 731; Chesdle,

J 7

Degge, Sir S. 763 Diitaacet, 4 Divisions, 15, 53 Domesday Book, 21 Dovedale, 749 Draining, 42 Dniidt, 17 Dyotts, (The) 106 Dudley Earl, 256.337 Earthen ware,52 1 ,304 Earthquakesy301,480

724 Emioent Men, 26 ErdeiwickeSamp.666 Extra Pari. Places,31

FAIR8.-Abbot'8 Bromley, 602; Bar* ton, 397; BeUey,616; Billion, 220; Urc- wood, 479 ; Burslem, 548 ; Burton, 310 ; Cannock,484;Caver8- waN,TJO; CelUrH^ad,

', 732; /

- l?m^^ ' 1

l«y,S88:OMMnJl«495; HHiley&Sbelton,540; Havwood, Not. 17; Holy Cross, 253; Ip- stones, 760 ; Kinfare, 259;UneEnd,544; Leek, 700; Lichfield, 62 ; Longnor, 718 ; Newcastle, 652; (Pat- tingfaaoB, April 26;) Penkridge,602; Ruge< ley, 610; (Sandoo, April 7, & Not. 14;) 8benstone,376; Suf- 16rd,124; Stone,670; Tamworth,d80; Tean, 737 ; Tuthnry, 408 ; UttOEeter,762; Wal- sail,4]6;Wednesbury. 460; Wheaton Aston, 499; WolTerhamptuii, 167; Yozall,470. Farms & Estate*. 44 Ferrers Earl of, 684 Feudal System, 21 Flint in china, 5'2ii Flitch of Bacon. 399 Floods, 315, 389. 62.'{ ForesU,367,485,.'>00 Freestone, 221, 247,

330,475,481, 689,

737, 739 Gardner Admiral, 763 GarrickDarid,81..92 Gas Works, large, 460 Gigantic Porter, 462 Glass, 246, 267, r>46 Giffiird Family, 4H1 GoughFam. \7].Xr2 Gower Family, 690 Granville E. 672. oi Gun Locks, 451 GunpowderExpl. 612 Gunpowder Plot. 26.'» Hackett Bishop, IH Handsacre Fam. .'{()4 Harrowby Earl, GC}6 Hills,(Heig;.tbor)4.: Hobbyhorse, 60:{ Howard Family, X19 Huddleston Rev.J..'^r> Hundredii, 15, 16!>,

293, 473, 519, r)9:»

HuntbAch, 234

Si, jy/, 4M, 4M, / EcctethMll^l ; Fate- I Hard Bishop, iS

IBL.^^^H

12 INDEX OP SUBJECTS. ^M

Mary Quna ol Scou,

HtSorm Hill. I4,^H

IiidrokriH. 135.043

33.4ua

S3. 165, 175, ^H

MeDbenatParll.53

Klvere & Cuitli^^H

Iran Work*. 3^1, :I5S.

Mrrclan Kings, 3U

Rnliinllaod.re^^H

975,4HI, 4fi(l.

Min<r*l>.£l

Roclu Uld ClifU^B

rrauptiecnr.SI

Mtnurdi, 409

[tomini. 18, 34 l^H

J»r»ii Pjoiily, 678

MoJwm.Si. 312

Hovlrv.W. Eu^^H

JahDorC.<in(.3&».408

MoMneux F.»l. 173

lloyilU<ik,S5 «H

JohoMD Dr. S3

M*n».M.ri«. 99. 30

S.lt Minb, 397 ^H

K«.elni. St. 253

Uoorr Ann, 413

S.1I WoihhSM ^H

Kio(Jno-..h«irt,74l

.M<)orJandt,3a

St. Vineeni, Eii ^%

Kiiic'i Book. 39

MotlKv PimiJv. 373

Vim. 672. 676 I

Knlibtt. M

Neiri:utl«.Dnkeof£3

S>ian>, m. 33

Lkkti. m. 487. 493

^-s-jT -""'

Seou family. S»7 ^

KMnolNobiliivkiol

UncCaloi»I.3£.INC

Newton Ui*bop. 91

Gcntrv. &4

Letd Off. 51. 773

MobilKy. LUtof£3

8hir« Hill. 131

LMh.697i Rachei.41

Normui ConqiMil.SI

Shrewiburv. E«rl 7l' 1

^ Urctl T. E.q. {not

Nunneric. 30, 678.

9m.llriclir. Kd. ;>l

£«»».) 3»9

730

Soil .11.]

B Ure*DiiFainilT,17I

Oltlpy ¥imi\y. 646

Sprint-.

H LuihfteldR«rliot.TO.

Offloir. (tuinulo.)4Wl

3neydl

B flS6-, CitTor.61

0«n. 46;Otwi»,47

8p«lr..i .

P«e.F.n.ily.363 P>!mp. (Biihop'tj 85

Sumloiu. h-.L... .

^1 37$. 416. 73S.744

Stnffonl. Iu3i l;.

^1 LitlkionE. J..2I7

Ptu E*rtli. 37

ronjr, 113; Cm ' .

^M_ LoQie<rity. 48

PKulinn. 31

IIS; .M»rqi.i..ti:'.'

^m lADU<rAi]r|un»,l36.

Prf 1 Sir Robt. 91'.

Summ, 350.4j;i

^h W.6Tfi

PetriUcliont.40.ai8,

Stonywrtl Jolm 3>l:i

PtDdrrllt. (Th«} 34

SublPrranran Tr - -,

^H MwilMU-hM

Pieot PinHtf. 373

48;Ri«r».40;F.r.,

FltSOP. 69. 333, 3UI

931

^^1 «rM.4v^.,AI,IS4.13l.

Plunuiioiu, 47

Sulhtrtatirf-Duk- r...

^H 940, ni- 403, 416.

Pole. (CBTdinkl) 961

Tilbot, Esrl 01 64 :

^H 4W.4«0,50B:;b^l>i-

Palitioil Union*, 175

TitbCT, 45

^^H nnf in»v«, isritf. ^.

Polling Pl.»». 53

Townihfod. Mr<i..(«,'

^H 188, 331 ; jTiiB iMi:

Popnlition, 14, Ifi

Tr.nbnl,W. UAi'^y

^H 330.451 ;>!». 186.

PolWriM, 533 lo Ml

Tre«. (1«^() 47

^H WO: edge taoU. 186,

Prelipnil«rie..H:,l78

Tnmt River, 49; 1 .

^H 4M.48JI JnM'Aarpj.

Priwn^ 77, 132

Dal.JO;Tijnii.o:.'

^^H 97S ( twU/eri' >>mi-

Public Omnr*. 53

Valenlia. Lord. 34;

^H .uawy. 330. 416:

I>r»F*niily..'i29, :t3l

Walton, Ihu;.53.;)'

^H M«£., 166. 330,450;

R*cw. - Burion,

V(-ard,B>ron458

310; Chfadlr. 7.13;

Wtn ot the Rotet.Jt

^H lraM^7iHherpl,U.

LMk. 700; WicMA.

W.tlJamci3fi0

^H S40|«Au..34S. 967.

eaStmnuUt. IM>3:

Wtifmi,oAJ.£M<t.y:

Wfolock llM-n. :rj

^^V tBarvanJiAiiiB, fiSI.

rid»«.Wa: RugrlM, filU; Suffnrd. 134;

W.lko.. If'

^H 3IMi»r«en,»)l.3ll.

Holl*.(. .

^H 3D0. 6Jii ) fopr. 4711.

Blon*, 671; T.m-

WaU-U-. !

^H ;:i3i ..a. 6i^.m;

wortli..-«l(l; WslHll.

Wood.1-:

^H txMHK.TOOl'Vfp'b.

418: Whu<iploa..l67.

woodi. i:

^H }(af iUil,.eS3.SU»; lUcIng ScI-cmI. t»7

WfoneaW F.m.SKB

^^B .lAw, /XA erO. Htllwin, »

ffalfon, KlmUJna

^HSC/itM 70«<». 4 KcbtlLoQ., 34. 3U.

Wi\ttut».\A^iVM^

GENERAL HISTORY

AND

DESCRIPTION

or

STAFFORDSHIRE

STAFFORDSHIRE is an inland countv, nearly in the ceiiir.' -"'f Knirlaiid, cclebmUMl, not only for its nuiuerous and V;ilu;il»lt iu'.n«> of cf»al and ironstone, and for the extent and varitiy «!' il^ manufactures in iron, steel, and other met^il, and in cliina, e.irt hen ware, and ji^h^*''** hut also for the fertility and diversity of ii^ -i»il, and the number and eleganee of the seats of its no]»ilii\ .iii'l LTt'Uiry. Nearly all its once extensive forests, heaths, and ciMiiniHiis. arc now enclosed; audits mines and manufact«»rii'^ . ik- cb if fiy cun lined to a densely populated district about tiftciii iiiiks Siiuare at it* soutliern extremity, around Wolverhampton av.>\ \\ aKill ; and to the vicinity of the F(»tt< ries at its norlli-N\c>u n uii^le; ^o that the jn'^^atcr portion of it forms a hij^hly culU\Mtt<i ainicultiiTal district, abounding; in v\ood, water, and pnnc, lirli in picturesque iin«l pastoral scenery, an«l free from the noi.vc, aii'l bu^t^e of trade and commerce; except such as are created by i few scait«'rtd liut extenMve cotton mills on the streams near \\u\ - L»n-up.-»Ti-Trem,Fa/eley, Cheadle, S:c., - by the hirjre silk unil at IaiI, - b\ the extensive manufacture of boots and shnr- at Sii>ne and Siatfonl, and by the tniffic on the numcroiis caiiaK which intersect the countv in every direction. Thisbitrhlv intci

- - - - -

estinj? county is of an irrec^uhir oval fifrure, nearly <»-> mi!c^ '\\\ iem^fik from north to south, an«l averaprin^ from '2'> to 30 mil* - in ifmdfh from e«st to west. It lies Ijetwixt ;V2 dej;. 20 min. aii-l A3 dejr. 14 min. North Latitude, ami 1 dep :\7 min. and J .{» - 45 iBxn.W e*t Lrmgitude, from the meridian of (Freenwich; niul i , boundeil by Hcrhyshire on the north-east, Cheshire on the r..>:tl vesU Shropshire on the si)uth-west, WovceslerN]iirc on tho >miiI . And ^^ arMJckshi re on the south-east, lis f*'rritorinf rrtrnf ..m. piiw:! about 7H 1,1 HN) Ntaiutc acres of land, iMjual tu 1*J.'»0 -^ i i H' vile*; ami its Popri.\riov hu^ roii^^idrr.ihly increased d\ir\'.u '"- ^firtr jfjr^, :is i»,- tiiid thtt iu /sol, \\ aiivnui^l

II

nlSll.U 996.153; in leUI. to M]Jli!U\ Kll, to AlO.tm toult, conslMing of 200^06 niiilee, and 203^ nudes. In I8i\, its nambet at familin wm (!8,780, ofn))^ jS,SW were relumed as htiag employed in ksricutiiini] punutfl ~,4>V, in trade, manu&ctQies, or liandicnkU ; and 8,06(1 (u>^ _j engaged in professional pursuits, or nncmpio^cd. lamlier uf its dwelling Aoumu, in 1^1, amounted to S f whicli 429 were then building, and 2,336 unoccupied i incrense in buildings, during tlie last ita ytui, has k « witli the great augmenlaljon in the populaiiuu during ll iod- Actwriling to tlie piurochiat bills of niortnlity (rum l| r 1811 to 1821, tlie BVeiHKeannutl number of marri^et.i fcounty.was 2,70»; it( baptuTiui. tO^aW ; and of 6wrM^, I ,320. Tliu yeuly rmlal of the land in ihe c»uniy Mas asse«Gr<i trthe property tax, iu 1811, nt£7^6fi3^ ; and the real prapertv ~s a«»»MHl for the name tax, in 1616, at i;),150,286 p^ I. The amount of its poor mirt, collected in the year ; March 1323, wn« £140,2^7, of which iC!IO,715 wns on laud ; £27,14a on dwelling hunsee ; £Efi24 on mUU A faiOtimw, and £7,37«i on manorial profits, Ace.; but w

" I) was paid in the same year t« the

niy-rafr;

le ptuocVial mies, £l9,»2t> was paid in ily-ra(rf which Inltet has of Utc vears atnounted to nearli 1, as will be seen at a EuWquent paKe.

n compnTed with iln- nflicr c(

--nf EiTtrTnnd.Staffor-l-

Bty, and In the jndidnl Circuit of Oxford. It includes on«

^tif, (Lichfield, Ue See of its Bixhop,) and twenly-two Marirl

MM, of which tlie following u a list, uitli three olhera whidi

loerly kul markets. -

MARKET TOrfNS, («** iht Market Dnjii).

Illw CUf (-/ Liehfitld, «ith its precind*, fomiN a t- Inmlfi and the rest of SiaBordsbirc u divided inl Bviiniixt>», fix. CMritMonr, 0£Loip, Pirehill, HciiAm, and 7 BMMibiiri each ut which b tuhdiriiled into luo lAniuM, witk rAirfiuwUi'f Weach. UniUtbe paMlng of the RuoaM fin liilf'popuhu* partiim ot 1I10 Ungdom had only t<n BirssMiii

STAFFORDSHIRE.

15

TivEs IN- Parliament, viz. two fur the county, and two each

f'-r LivhticW, Suilforc!, Nt'wcastle-under-Lymc/and Tani worth;

but by lUat ^Teut national measure, the county has been divided

iul«» v«»» jrrand Pjvi>ioxs, viz. Noitrii :ind South; the fonner

v>ui\tri>ins: the Hundreds (»f Tutuiansh)w and Pirehill, and the

N'-riL Di^isiuu nl'Offluw; and tlie hitter comprehending; Scisdon,

Cutilt>ti»ne, and the South I>i%ision of Olliow. For eaeli of these

divifi .n*, tuo kni^lits of the sliire arc now eU'Cted; and by the

sinit- act o£ ]>arliaiuent, three neir borow/fts have been created in

St.i!f>*rd>hirc, viz. Sioke-upim-Trent, (including tlic Potteries,)

W. h i rhauiptiui, and \V':ds;ill, the hitter haviufi^ one^ and each of

iht' ether, /iru members of parliament ; so that the total number

ii"W returned by this county is seventeen. The following: is a

^ii!iimdry of the population of the ccuinty in 1831, distin<;uishing

the nuHjlHrr ttf males and females in each of the live Hundreds,

an-i ill three <»f the boroujrhs uhich made separate reluni<» to

tiic cen>U'> of that year. An enumeration of the parislu's and

timu^iips ^itli their population, N:c., at different periods, uill

i<e found witli the ^^'iienil descriptions of the Hundred^, uX sub-

^. -.t'tt p.iire*».

iM.lHI.ATlON Ol- STAl roilDSIIlKK, IN \^M.

----- - f ''"j" i.*.""- Jti/MH T. Ml, llvli-.V. .\ J'tJVl -.'i.U-' Jti.iJ'l

.".:-' i ..V.i"' llJ.'"-,^ I, i. '.-..! f.'-, ;.'.-"-» {/il* I..!".*

'....'I .-'..I l""i.|l'i N.-A.i-!. ll.r-.u.K. .».";! I.;. I -.1".'

}«.l'»- l-.l'*'. "".-'.-I **! I'!.-: I //-.-, .;,. .{.V.'i .-,..': i..'.<*,i.

I-

I I . .

..i** -.-'*'> M.!'-. -.'--».>' f'-ial'": II'M-! V </

\-' --.ii:»'j" I" .hulirr I>i;«i.k^loih". Miiirl.tinl was I'lY^i ili\iil«Ml

-.! - -.III:!.'. Imiuih'K. and tilhiuir^, by AllVrd tlir (iivat, t'»

-- .- -. t)., -.iii'.'.if^ aii'l ^li>'-^r^lor'^ which l"nrun'rl\ prtnaiU'd in tin-

:- - . :.;. VI tkiiiir thf iiihahitaiit- nf (at'li di^irirt ri'<iM»ii>ihK-

- - --, -.iMjaii* \\!:irli iiii'jhl \>v ini. "liltrd by lawlc^N mnli-. / -- . . - --: '^-i -mHi »i hif.iU'-c ti'ii iVt'ilinith-is with thrir I'.iinilicN

-- -] -''.f . A Miiinbj ;- (|uiliap'» l«'ii| (if ilu'««i' tilhiiJi:^, I'lVMi*",

!.-. -/'-_':::. illv < "iii|M.vtil ;i «.ii|.i'iicr di\i'«i<Mi calbMl a llun-

. --! - -«;i :>] \\liiili a I'linrl N^a^ ainmally hild l"«ir tin- lii.il «-!

A'l :!j»i» iiiii!i' nmiJ.ir of tlu-.f huinliid>. \Nhioli iinu

-. - 1 'II -i/*' and |Mijiuiaii«»ii, b«riii a «Miunt\ or --liiir, llu

'. .-- !:iiiM!it "fvNhi'-h i^ I'linliniMl in tin- "hin-rccvc or -hiiil).

.- . it - lid aiiiMiallv. Sim.ii aftt t tin' iiitnMhictioii o| ("hri'-

:'\. ;]. "kiiiL'«i"iii \\a-« di\idcd into ]>ari^lu'«», and aflfiv^ai'l'-

- - ' -!.'}'i".« -.

Vn-jivi H!:ih>n- - linUi tin \n«iri't l»rit<»n^. Si ith I'i ' - . ;ir:ti«d |;tlt ft th»- J'T-'vin^r inhahitrd \'\ tl.«- ( 'i-yi-il-i*^ '- I - --: .'1. \vb«' al»« liiio-i-v, il I 111- ci. until - "I Sal'iji. ( 'hi >!- I. \^ ai-

msTORv or

K iaipi porliOD of tliew counties fell under die ilominion J

* ItrifBHtn, whu (KBM^eA ojl the cuuntics id the Nortbf^

bcoil of England, ana were llie moEt iiumcraui and pom

-11 llie Brilbh tribes, niid the Inst to bfud their necKS U

Uinu) -jiiie. By the Anuaiu.StatrordshiTe waa included il _

IM*ioTi of Flavia CtmrrruU, nad by the &'axoFU in Uic Vinfrdti

mMereia. The CorniibU, after the Briguitea hnd mtndcJ pT^

X^<<u lerritories, tcmnred llieir caf jul Eti)m Condair, (ni

iddlewieb,) Ui Vrkonum, (now Wr(ixet«r,)iin Shropshire; sl

7 hftd hIm a stionglT fonified station at Wolt, nent lichBdl

t Cam/i, another tri[)e of Britons, are supposed to hare p<L

sell Apart of the forest of Cannocl, as herdsineu or serrautifl

leConmbU. When the Rotnoiispiuliedilieir conquests in

Jteiior of Ibie conntxy, the Comabtl, and the other tiatire I

Srauch inferior in niilitM; science 1» these " mHsters uf j ," considered the hills as offeriux the metui* of eouiitfinii f and balancing the adrantages of itisdpiiiie. To the hills refore thej generally retired ; tmd there, history inlbruiii xif. f re»itled witli t^e inixit hemic valour every etfori of the OMIStA Itdace them to stlhjei-titin ; ami Ilniii^;!! al Iii-lI coiii-

Rled to lubmit, their detcrmiiu il < ' freedom, excited the eloquent' rt enligbteued conqucrurs, Al' a hum btswine faithful 1 1 ^

am) yurTHOf , of tliU uili., .... ..i.; ...

_p Nolitia u serving in the anuiiu, at dm ljtii.[ ti pat tile name uf Comthi appears u have bceu iii m i> the decline of the Roman pnner. iirarK- IVuir ilKuwiriil lears of the world's

i.tib, ._„r _,

i.i; nnd prcriuns to the innuiiil llie Mnh of Cbri«, scarcely « "

. iliiiii;:ti i«o ^i-Jiloiis anuqn4

XI Im I.

r y«u of i i»flet«aj>d». II were a trib« ^ It and »Mil«it hi ic Chrinian t ul Britons in

Wild yean prii ,_n ConqneKt, th (fe'tnluid, liod Aiidc lorae pn^rciw D in the noilli were as «ilU and

It. f. 4.. M»l Cuu VbI.I. r- U,

STAFFORDSHIRi:. 1 7

^.itfti its ilieir iiati«e hills, and subsisted chiefly by liiinliu^', and tilt ».iK«iil:uu'»>U'» fruits 1)1' the earth ; \%cariiiu^ for their elothiiiu - wilt 11 ilic inoleiiieucv of the sensnu eoinpelled them to Mich uu'uinbr.iiicci*J tlie skiiis of animals, and duelling in habitations tunned l«y the "j»illai"s of the forest rooted in the earth, and cn- cliKcd by inters ovtMi brunches.'* Their relujiony which former I «ne part of their free monarch iiil ^oivrwiwrn^, was Dniirlical; lint it« tritfin i« not certainly known, though some atlirm that tli(> PnJ'i* .iccomiKiuied the Celts in early ages from the east ; and Htho. that I>ruid:>m was introduced into England by the Dnv- rii'iaiiv jifC'adi/, who were the lirst merchants that discovered .lU't ir.idi'd t<» thi> inland, and, for a considerable time, monopo- ii/i^«i ii* ct»mineri"e, by carefully concealing their traffic frr»m "tht-r na:i«in^; but the lucrative trade in tin, and other useful inetaU with which Britain alniunds, was ultimatelv traced to its «<u?oe. and s<Hin brought the Roman and other merchants to niiT Hmirt"*.

fhr rivil juri^iction and religion of the DRUIDS jirevailc<l ill evtPk" pjiri of the island. They dispensed justice; not uinUr \vt\ writii-ii c«Kle of laws, but on what they professed to be cqnit- ..'-" :«ri:j'ii'lr'i - ail their verdictN bcinir dclcnnincd bv such s( n-r .«-!. - .nil.'lt'il -Iclcgate-i eniiTiaincd of impartial justicf. an<l

:i -::'>-:'! tiiLi- ol upinioii in the congress, a ]>peal was nuole !"- -).-. A:. "u-Driiid, wln»>c sentence was dceiMve. Their relii^i-'U^ 4 1 r* Tii.-ni? '. were few, and nearly in unison with those of ilic .i\\- >'.i\ H»l'nws ; Tlu'N wiir>liip|ied on high places and in «U< p :." ^' - ; -.Hid were not atldietcd to idolatry, as some authors li.i\f .«»-».'*»-. 'mU adored the Gotl i»f Nature, and rcndere«l him ]»rai>e

* ri'M \i.nl\ *«ueee'».*'ioiis iif sea'^oiiv, wliieh ihcy kept as solium !t-l.'. r.«. 'I'iiouirh they dealt largely in allegory, and symbolit.il Tvj .r-1 iitatit-n*, they praetiM-d but little prie^'teraft, and heltl n-'t T?je ij: -r.r.iCt: 4if their voiario in the bonds of sni»eiMition : Im- ti>% <-t.ir]\ exi»laiiicd the mvsteries and svmbols u<ed in tl.-.-! I cr»/i]i"iiie- l«» the initiated, but to imne eKe. To reino\e t;. lu til* jt.«.j»:-e all possibility of soplii^trv and inno\alii»n, v-.-.i ui.txiin- -! justice were taught i»rall\ ; llie Miiis of eliiet ]'t i--;: at:t>'*ir«- -U«e:ph'» in their ethic schooN, where the rule- ol iii'.r..l iile Were inculcate<l as the fi»nndation of human wi^d-m. Tli»-v si.nJieil medicine, and the virlm-s of plants of which the Mith:., \M\^ their ehief specilie. and they held nothinir ^osaired a* i!it: !ni-!« t«'e of the oak, which, being >ery M-ane, iliey l:;i. themi with LTiat pomp and ceremony on a certain da\ apponitt -! (orihtir iriiate^l festival. In their civil irovernineiit, capital oii' -. dttwer*- -t ntenei d to tlealh, and ])nldii-ly suriiiced on the al!; <«f ihcir ic3i]»le«-. in the most awful and Sideinn manner, v.:: . th«''*<- inn* ivied t«>v mini»r erinu"' weit i.xeiudf.i ii«i!i y.i'.i'.. -»hip. and exc«'ininunicaled tVcm all « i\:: aii»l m ".'.^'i-. n '» i « till fhf'y had washed away, with ti.t leai< ol .tpc !;ia!u e. -lain* viih wbieb t'neir guill hat) )-i.nn]rii l)niu. .hilt-.i- C .' . ili fcs* -'i*'-.'////-'! '>'''' r// f/<. /i(//f ditJluo." ^ n^ thr I^pjm's. .. -

18 HISTORY OF

Gauls call tlieir magicians or wiseroen) inculcated the imnior- tality and transmigiution of the soul, and disconrsed "with youth much about the heavenly bodies and their motion, the size of the heaven and the earth, the nature of things, and the inOueuce and power of the immortal gods." The British Druids exercised their utmost authority in opposing the usurpation of the Roman invaders, who, fired with equal resent- ment, determined to secure themselves by extcnninating the Druidic Order, consequently, its priests were sacrificed to this inhuman policy ; those who fled to the Isle of Anglesey perished in the flames, by the orders of Suetonius, and subsequently, great numbers of them were massacred in the unsuccessful revolt of the Britons under Queen Boadicea. From this period, the power and splendour of the Druids rapidly disappeared.

ROMANS. - Julius Caesar ha«'ing overrun Gaul, invaded Bri- tain 55 years before the birth of Christ, and, after u sanguinary struggle renewed in the following year, succec<led in establishing a Roman government, unsettled in its nature, and transient in its duration, for, l>eing distracted by domestic war, the con- querors were obliged to return home, in order to presenc the scat of their empire; consequently, the Britons remained unmo- lested till the ye-ar a. d. 43, when the Emperor Claudius sent over an army under the command of Plautius, who was suc- ceeded by Ostorius Scapula, and he by Suetonius PaulinuK, wbo completed the conquest of a great part of Britiiin, and, after ex- terminating many thousands of the Druids, abolished their rites and ceremonies. * But the dominion of tbe Romans in Britain, was not finally established until they were placed under the command of Agrirola, who did not venture to penetrate into the north of England till a. d. HO, when be marched his legions from il/ancMn/tim (Manchester,) along the westeni coast to Scotland, where he endeavoured to secure his conquests by erecting a chain of forts across the isthmus between the Friths of Forth ajid Clyde. He then marched his troops back, through the conquer- ed tribes, and in the vear 84, he extended from S(»h\av Frith U) Tvneniouth a chain of stations, which in 1*24, were connected by an earthen rampart raised by the Emperor Adrian, as an obstruc- tion to the Caledonians, who, proudly refusing t«.i cn)uch to the imperial eagle, frequently descemlcd' in r.ige from tlieir moun- tains, and penetrating into the Rt>man territories, committed in them dreadful ravages. This earthen barrier was afterwards strengthened by the ffreat n-all of stone which the Flmpenir Scverus built across the island, from Solway Frith to the mouth 4»r the river Tyne, in a. i». 208. After this, York (were Severus flie«l,) was made the capital of Maxima desarietusis, tlie great Roman province in which StiifTordshire was comprised.* The

" RoM«N nivisioss. - After Ihtrdpalh of Cunstantine the Great. nt YorL,(flirn

t-allril Altrru Koma,) in 'ill7, Britain was dniiled intu twu cc>n!iiilar pruruictrs.

Maxima f>Mf^N4M, and Vuhntia ,- and intu thrcr pnrKidial di«trict«, Britannia

f'nmti, J^rr/0nt/ia SrruHda, and Fimiu Cautrnt\ts , in which latter, Staffcrdshirt

;:,»- iiirlnJi^l. ;tt part nt tht t:r-\ run.nl ctjii'-v.liiT piOTinre

aiafibtBritafi* doiioK the tbinl cemurv, iind totcards

fc*

Mb

STAFFOROSfllRR. (9

l«giou$, mimined ihe wullk« ^Dturv, Hnd totcards ita idepeodruce under Cau- onstnnLoe ae^u ki sub- lb^ Id (La Rwm*n anm, and be moo ofletwatAi look nitJi Oaul. tile da«er of the Briiidi vouili ; teavjag Mwn to the deiaslatin^ incursions of the I^cts Uissensitnift wittiiQ, aud asaulls from niihoui, beaing the destruction of the oie^rnwa empire a. D. 440, the Romans finally reliuquidied ull fummmt, pomr, and authorit]' in Britain.

tW SJJIoNS. mho, after the departure of the Romans, \tere ianKd ma to asnst tfae Britons against the Plcts and Scuts, U aa Moar mUned lliese enemies, Ibau iu their greedr con- ca»weac« (o poaaea* the fertile eouiitrf for ubicb lh«y had beea Viat, ihty ninted ihtUt vesiunis utran llje Brilims'Hha made o (tetaala K>MtaiK«', which ended in their final uvertlirow, ''=iinf tlus AIkI contmt, tlie Brilous fnufcht tuelre battles -art Aait i«aai*ned King Arthur, aiir) MivenU others under ''TJum. In A10, Artliur expelled ihc Siiiiiu>, fr.mi this and

" ' < <i . '.Qt couDtie^, and almost li ' < . i ir' I'u: after the

.[ riiiiQiUvh, thfv agiiiii j iMineJ an

_,-.i-t over the «!ii)lt ii,i.,_ iiliiinitlely

diriUHiB aeren kinsdoms, and incluitDd Sufford^iieiand all the Maad emmties in England, in that of Mercia, of nfaich, Lbeala aaa tbe cwtal ; though maOT of the successive Mercian iMakadtcauiiiUiiscouDtT, at Tntbury,Tamvr<»th, Lichfield, aaa i^M atherplaces which lay ooDTeoient for tbein, nhen

SaiAiid to V^oj ihe roorts of Ibe field in CaDnock Chafe Naedwood FofCit The religion of the Druids nov gave WKj la tke UMce baitarona supentitioni of the Saxoiu, who «or- Juffti the RBH ai|d Ihe moon, adored the god of thunder, had agea ia dietr temples, practised sacrificca, and beliered bml j ia^db and ineaniationa. Happilj this idolatrjr did not long aiM ia Britain ; CorPopeGr^^r; L, inS90,despatched Augus- tiae, a Roinaa monk, with forty associates, to preach MriXtanify Mdie Aafto-Saxmsand the conquered Britons; mostof nhom ka - a'euaTWia to the Christian Uith, and Augmtine was cou- «ta(M)7 cnaled -dnAfrwAtp af Camttrbntry. In 636, Pmdimu, aaiAs Roman mitrioaarj, was created dreAMiAtip of York, ad «a* dw fint who pTeached chrislianit; in Herds ; where it Mlawed the victontnu anna of Edwin, King^ of Nor- Haaliiia. wboi ibat newW converted monarch made Penda, the avbd and hoary-beadea King of Mercia, his vassal : but the imtt, a few jrean afterwards, reguned his independence, and (fciMtiaiiitj «aa again proscribed in his dominions, until he him- Nlf rai slain in battle, and his son Peada, after espousing the '^rhlftT of Oawy, King of Northumbiia, became a convert ; aad in coajonction «ith Oswj, constituted licbfield the episco-

I

20

HISTORY OF

pal See of Mercia^ >vhich was the finest if not the most powerful of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, and existed about three centuries ; during which period, there reigned in it tweiUy-Uoo kings, of whom the following is a list, shewing the years in which thev died.

KINGS OF MERCIA.

DIED.

Crida, £86

Wibba, 615

Ceorl, Qi&

Penda, &56

Peada, 656

Oswy, 668

WuUere, 676

Ethelred, 704

DIBD.

Kenred, 709

Ceolred. 716

Etiielbaid, 757

Beomred, 757

Offa, 796

Kenwalf, 880

Kenelnif 890

DIED.

Ceolwuir, 822

Beornwolf, 826

Ludican, 628

Withlaf, 840

Bwrtulf, 853

Bertred, 875

Ceolulfe, 886

The Saxon invaders were confederated tribes, consisting of the Angles, (hence the term Anglo-Saxons,) the Jutes, and the genuine Saxons, who had long been settled on the shores of the German Ocean, and extended from the Eyder to the Rhyne.

The DANES, who had long envied the Saxons whilst they possessed the largest and richest island in Europe, fitted out a mighty fleet, and entered the Humber in 867, from which time till 940, they frequently penetrated into the interior of the coun- try. In their plundering inroads here, and in other parts of the island, these pagans burnt and destroyed villages, monasteries, &c., and spared neither sex nor age. Their repeated incursions compelled the Anglo-Saxon monarchs to lay aside their own differences, and confederate for mutual defence ; and by the skill of Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, the invaders w ere at length subdued. The sovereignty of Mercia fell into the hands of Alfred, who stripped it of its regal honours ; though some places were still retained by the Danes, who were defe^ed with great loss by Edward the Elder, in two sanguinary battles, fought near Wednesfield and Tettenhall, in this county, (see page 237). The Saxons, who had on a certain night massacred all the Danes that lived promiscuously amongst them, brought upon tlieir o\^n heads a just retribution; for Sweyn, King of Denmark, to revenge this cruelty, soon afterwards invaded the kingdom, and in 1013, brought h'is fleet up the Trent, to Gainslwrough, and landing his forces, created such terror, that the whole country soon submitted to his yoke. Sweyn, however, did not long enjoy his success, for he died at Gainsborough in tlie following year, and was succeeded by his son Canute, the most powerful monarch of his time ; betwixt whom, and Edmund ironside, (^e Saxon heir to the throne) after several sanguinar}* struggles, the kingdom was for a short time divided. Canute was suc- ceeded, in 1036, by his son Harold, who died in 1039, when Hardicanute ascended the throne, but this licentious tyrant died. two years ailerwards ; when Edward the Confessor, (a Saxon) was raised to the throne by the voice of the people, to the

STAFFORDSIIIRK. 21

fV"'.«i«:-'n of Swovn, the Danish claimant. EcUvanl died in l'?*'*. a!i'.i N^itli him ended both the Saxou and the Danii^h rule

NORMAN CONQUEST.

.\r.t7 t'f lit ii)i of Kdward, Harold, the son of Godwin,

i*..':.>-i -If t).r«»iiv, hut wa** opposed b\ bis brother T<isii, at

'*li-M ::.--»;.: f, Harlrairer, Kin<^ of Norway, entered the Huni-

lir *'j .1 iiiiirliiy annament, embarketl on board a kind of Nor-

wtr I: inuadi. and huided liis forces in Yorkshire, were they

«'.-! . 11} 1» tt *y n\erthrown by HarobI, who h*ft his brother ancl

*j>r. ;..il «. :;!» denite dead on the liebl. Harold's triumph, was,

i-.#i\.r. -»! -h'>ri duratiuw ; for, wliilst rejoicin«f over his victory

i: V rV, Lr rtxfivf d infonnation that IVUliam, Duke of Niir-

-m-sf*.', '. A 1.1 .III it \\:is said, Edwartl with his dyinjr breath nomi-

luu-i :i* :.> viicces"^or,) had landed at Pavensey, in Sussex, with

« ill!..- : I-* -md well di«-ciplined anny. To meet this foe, Harold

m-jriiifi hi> {'-Tct-j to Ha^tin<;s, where, in a sanguinary battle,

\i:<- v.. th bis life antl his kin.u:dom. No sooner was William

'):- < . :.' r« r -oated nn the Enc:li>h throne, in the year KHUS,

: - - V. ..i that bis p«.iliry w:m |«» niot (»m tbc amionl

::--- 'It '^'r.Hif the na!i\c iiiliabitaiit> «»!* tin* liiiiiibUT

- - - - - r.;!:k '-! nii'^ciaMe sla\t<; tlmn^li in tliis wcrk lu-

. . = It uTi^uc«'e'><rully ()j»|)n».t'd in ibc mulli of Kiin;-

.,- . ,u:it ^'-^^k and ni.iny other j>larrs in iln- ijronnd,

-..--" V list ^I'li-iiibiur ->!"(r(Ml/' (hi> laNourilc oath,) lliat

. . I i' I". .' a >'»ul <d'bis tihinics ali\e. CoiiM'ions of the

. - J Ani.b b«- was 1k1«1, In- tnteriaincd a perpetual jea-

I J j'.i-ii. H«- built Jiinl iruni'-iMU'd sii-,»nir castKs to

:; .i'.*4 : and in tbf wanti»nn«s> «if bi^;p,|\^er be oblii^ocl

: %v;._:.ii-)i tlii-ir tire> and oan«l]es evrry eveiiini; at the

. .' : !: I .:;":iii "llie ('iir'.rw." lie al^i eaiiscd a survey t^»

. ." . * '.! ;*ue land^in lli.- !.ini'«loni ; the rei'i>ter of wliieli is

!»«.';! «.ii\\ H«»-»Jx,a!nl was tinislu'd in I(»sl,aflera

-i\ \'-.i.*, (»n lije niinlel i)f the B«M»k of Wineln-ster,

:!!- .'I'ier »>f Alfnd the (in at. TbDMiirli all time,

:. ... .>! .Ii.diiial Wrdiet," will be Ijj-M in esiiniali«»n, not

! ! u- anli'jiiitv. Imi aKi« for its intrinsic \alue. It

-". ('--i-jUi T'-r an exart knnwledi:*' oi' bi'* own land antl

-.:.';. I'.se ri'jiits ..{ bis Mibjecls, in ilispnted ea>e>, were

- - . . ;- ; a:»d to tlii- *\i\\ it mt^cs to show what manor is,

: .- ij'»t, a!iii« lit iKinrvni'. Ft -pci-ifits ibe extent of

- . « a« ";i 'li-tr!*-! ; tin- ntate it wa>. in. wbelber iiieadovs ,

-. .. K.- .1. ..; araMe: I'.n' name t»f tlie pr.'prietor ; the tenure

. ;- v.a- ;n id ; and tlie value at wbirli it was ( >timalMl.

I - - ._. ii.i'^ii' ?'-- '^antinii to rend*. r tlii> dcM-unu-nt eom-

... ; ;», I'jrli'Titv ]'( rjieiiia!, ionnni--i->ni'rs were apptiint<«i

.. - r.-i.-i ;li» >ur»i V. jii'.i tlu" r- iurn- wrre made undei the

.5 iurit- "/ :'}} 'I'hir "f th i-itliU ill each d'»-v\\e\» KUV.

22 HISTORY OF

pannellcJ for the purpoj^e. This best monument to the memoir of the Conqueror, written in Roman, with a mixture of Saxon, is still preserved in the chapter-house, at Westminster, amongst the national archives. This valuable manuscript, which had for so many centuries remained unpublished, was printed in the40t]i of George III., for the use of the mem)>ers of both Houses of Parliament, and the public libmries of the kingdom. As we shall give in the parish histories in this volume, a translated co]>v from this ancient document of all that is important, relatirv to the manors and estates of Staffordshire, it may be necessaiy to explain the land measures, and se\ era! obsolete feudal temi, used at the time to which it lefers.

Measurement, Vc, in Domesday Book. - A PerrA, 20feet ; An Acre, 40 perches in length, and four in breadth. An Or^aM§ or Borate, as much as a pair of oxen can keep in husbandir, usually 15 acres. A Virgate^ or Yard Land, 40 acres. A Cm- cate, Carve, or Phugh Land, genemWy 100 acres, or eight ox- gang*:. A Hide, an uncertain quantity, generally al)out 120 acres. A KnighVs Fee, five hides. Bercwicks, are manors witbin manors. Merchet, or Maiden's Rent, N\as a jMiynient to the loid of the manor, in commuUition of his right with the virgin bride on the marriage of a vassal's daughter. Ileriot, a tribute to the lord for his better maintenance in war. Theam, was a manorial jurisdiction; and Infangtheof, the power of pa<;sing judgment on any theft. Socmen, wifre tenants Iioldiii^ land uinicr a socage tenure; Bordars, cotUigcrs ; and Villanet^ husbandnioii in i state of villanage, or vassiilage.

The Conquemr, in parcelling out the lands of the kingdom amongst his distinguished followers, gave in this county all the roval demesnes, and 3S other manors, to H\ufh dc ^fontgomen/, Eari of Arundel; 81 manors to Rnh*rt de Stafford; 7 manors, with the castle and extensive honour of Tutliurv, to Ifcnrtf de Ferrers ; and 25 manors to Wilfiam Fifz Amfculph. Numerous other Normans became possessed of oilier portions «if the eountv, and many of its lordships and estates subseipiently passed to the church aiid the monastic institutions; but after the Reformation the possessions of the monasteries were seized by the Cn»wn, and gnmted to such persons ai: were then in royal fa\our.

British Antiquities. - Sliiffordsliire* \\as fonnerly much covered with wotnl, as appears from the niiiains of tbcW onee extensive forests Need wood, Cannoek, and Sutton (.'obllield ; the latter of which is mostly in Warwickshire, though it anciently formed part of the extensive Chase of Cank, or Cannoek. In the Staffordshire portion of it i-s Diiuid Heath, near Aldridirt', which is said to have been the chief seat of the Areli-Druid of Britjiin ; and, indeed, its situation, being nearly in the centre of England, eorresjmnds with the ju)sition of the well authentii*ate<l residence of that supreme priest in the eontinentJil countries, T//e tro/rh Cnumn'k, and Coldficld, lhou\j;h vvm\ucstionably of

STAFFORDSHIRE. 23

n, Mr. Shaw says, bear an evident relation in meaning' L reUgioos rights ; and upon the Heath just named, ted i& people were annually accustomed to assemble '

ax dispates, civil and religious, finally decided by the id. At the east end of this Heath, is a small entrgmch- mpaased with a treble ditch ; and at the distance of , is a round hill, eight feet high, and surrounded by iltch. Dr. Wilkes conjectures this to hare be^i the xidence of the Arch-Druid, whose winter retreat, the p

ices in a similar area, near Over Stonnal, about two |

lie north. The lofty ridge, called Bar'heaeon HiU^ 297,) extends southward uom Druid Heath and Ald- iie Tillage of Great Barr, and was one of the high places h the druidical priests were wont, by means of hre, to « to the countiy of their quarterly sacrifices ; and to T frequently repaired for the puqNise of making astro- ibserrations. Many remains of druidical temples are dstence, where they were constructed of stone, as at (e, near Salisbury, and many other places ; but from Qstaiice of those in this countv being formed chiefly of i of tlie forest, ihey liave long since disappeared, except -s and en)})anknients that enclosed them. Barrotvs, or e numezuus in this county ; but whether they are of 3rigin or not cannot now be clearly ascertained. Dovesti^e^ of the cities or towns of the aboriginal ts of Britain, fenced like the works of Caractaeus witli ep, have been discovered here, except tliose at Wrotles- rilhrighton m;ij be deemed such, (see page 289) ; but in viirious parts of the county several fortifications of t up into high banks, with entrenchments round thcni, evidently of British origin, as they differ materially mcampinents of the Romans, Saxons, or Danes, being circular uitli only one narrow entrance; except in the Jons, which occnpy lofty heights that command the .ntry for a considerable distance, as at Apticood Castle^ Ion,' and on Castle Hill, in Beaudesert Park, (see pages Ml). The grrat nUmeit, standing in the fields near Kin- CanDOck, are supposed to be British monuments, as that found among the ruins at Wrottesley, which, loads had been hewn from it, required thirty-six to draw it," and was sul>sequenlly converted into a , capable of steeping thirty-seven strike of Imr-

Ca»ar infonns us, that the Britons had iron

flh onall quantities, that they made their money of it, iftea obliged to head their warlike instruments witli A of nietal. A dart was found at Leek, headed with larij jagged at tlie edges, with teeth like a sickle ; and ^Bkiiriw beeii found shaped Yike arrow heads. Stone doubtless of British origin, have also been

ti MoTTfdge anil Wcrcr Hills, in tbu t

, fuRiis ilie uurtherti {luri uf ibc <*uan^ be

[iT«(!ii)r, and the Iohih. of LcvV ami Clicaillc, wli^ra ths i

miniU, in mtmj plncct, spociir to llie JisUinl abMrrnl

llined fiiritusis t tuiil no doutii somt of them nBiirded ^m

nd derencp U> the AhortgiUFs "flct ihey had bceu drirm a

** mtiro t(twl snil fprtilr psrin of die counity hy those " ' *

" the Romitn snldien.

MiouiTtEs. - The Romans, like a. eonqtio. [td«m 1iiDV>, hesluntid conKidenible atlentioD on their v Hi, niid ni the distance nf fonrumi c«nIiirieK we can slilT B legible clmmciers the lubnunofthe " mistress of i]i«i( %t gteat RoMtH RoADB, railed Watlinti-iintt uid Tdk '-ut, pK!« ilirauKh StnRordshirp. The fornier ii'"

! whole kingdnm, from Rattiiitii, in Kent, tn Nor

tnd ; and hmncbing from it iu ruious dircvtions nn ti

'a] Viritvtl Ways. It enters this coiiuly from WarwiA.

or Faxelfiv, and purauinR a weslirard coune \a Weefindi'M

ifucklc; C'nrner, Cnlf Henth, SlTCttnn, Mid WestOO-vr

" EMil, it mien Shropshire, nhnul nmile 60Uth of Sheriff H

jc leknitU-ttmt enters StafTordshirc ni Hockle; Braokjij

PBiirainghun, ond, passing Handswonh, Little Aston, and B*'

Intone, it vtosKi Wntlinir-sircet a little to the ea^t of V

LwliMiM it piiTMin n i:o\irs-e iiorlii by east !' Sirccthay, V

-- t Srr-i:,., ii,-:ir Bunon-upon-Trrat, b> the ll

ft U

i>Lhs«ril are perfectly rectilinS lisiblr ID its uri^nal stutc, f ciirriajwi ; and in Siition Parfcj fe been a lininnn bnlhini; plitc llie coMiity at Riidse Hc-a ' ion I'l Kiiiruie una Ktmi' Tho* s

I'OWtl t

have l>f.

'/", nf which r

i>.ii

STAFFORDSHIRE. 1>

-iij

iVnW-x to thi.^ Tolume. Tlie Saxon camps arc easily distinguisbeil fx'*m those of tlie Romans, who always took care to have a good !cu|i|ily <»i' \^attrr, and placed their caiu[M near the roads, in the form of a. square ; whilst the Saxuns gonerally Hxed upon hi<;b hiU>, with a steep precipice in fnmt; preferiug: security to con- veiiuuce. and payini; no regard to any particular form in theii eucampmc-nLs which they defended witli deqi ditches. Speci- men< of Ximiutn Architecture in this county arc numerous and fplcQiiid, as will be seen in the description of the castles, cLurche<, and monasteries.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.

The inhabitiints of StafTordshire, forming part of the kingdom

t'f Mcrcia. continued in the practise of Patjanhm^* till the reign

of Pcnda. lousr after it< altolition in all the neighhouring states

of the Saxon heptarchy. At length, this monarch having sent

his son Peada into Northumberlan<l, to solicit in marriage Alcli-

flida«the (laughterof kingOswy,he was converted to Christianity

by the pt?r<ua<!i\e discourses of the venerable Bccie. Tlio objrct

ot 'lit-* i.uimoy bt-iiiir acOiiUipli<bi'il. br reliirncd to bi*; t';i*;iri''

-V»Tn:p.'. -n^. .utMUipnnied by a nunibiT of ceUbralcd «li\iiu>. \n1i«>

imrn'MLiieiy br:;an t" "^prcail tbc duoirincs an«l ]m-cipt^ im li;.;

if »*j»vl '.*itli irreai miccc^s amiuii; tbe Men'ijin<. riu* aui. i

P^t'h. »b» ."ctm-^ !-» have vieweil ilusc t-M-iit-i with ibc utiii'>>t

;:: :1:T' r«.iict. -'---ni altt-r enteretl int«> a war witlj ^>>»r//, tin- \i :-

I'-i.i'.. r. in prince, ami, bcini: ilttcatcd and .^laiii in battlr. ]:i>

-i- --:....;'!:* uiTc <ii/ed bv ibo erniinu'n'r ; \\b«». in fi)iiiunii:o!j

'--:ii: /'- Z'/.;. rt:iii.iinfd in pi»->t s^ioii ut" Mcrri." t'r llio -^MauM)!

tLr'r. ^H.r-. <iurinir wbii-b, Chri^tiunffff u.js rbilarcl tin- r^i:.-

K^;-':i-.i rii:ji";i, and the (.'athtdmi nf I/irbfi,l>1 t'iMrinUMl, (^.i-

pKfc::i.* f*! wW'X 7^;. Ai ilif unl --!" iiii> iH-riiKl, li«»wt'\ir, ilir M« =-

cia:;*, vkurv of >ll^iLeli-»n to a frnvimi \«»la', rrMilti'rl, ami hiwh _

jir-.-Vfi ^U'.'.e-*lul in uva'«i'i"ir their iii'lrpnuU'nci'. mnb'rr ---I tl --

cnic^n :»n ll'utfWf^ one «»f llie >»»n-. of Peinla, ub«» *«till niibiai' I

theP.t'jTiii id«»latry. Dmini; the earlier part oi' i];e reiLrn '-! tli- '

pri&te. tin- eaii<e nf ('liii<lianil\ \Na«« irreatly iiijnred by t'l.r

»»*«nii aii'i f.niiiity uifb wbieh be per'^e^.uted it»i priylV^xir*-. S.i

^tr^U;: :«i'i«e.l «:i*« the aversion be bad ^-oneei^e^l aLrain^i tiie

W:li-r»"ii of .Ii-Mi^.lbat be ordeieil bis 1\no >tiii> to be ]nit to deatli,

)fecaa»r lbe\ relumed to become apo'^tate*^. Cvllunh^ \\\\o ba-l

saceef«ied DtviiiH, tin- tii'<( liishnp ttf^Jti-yuu ^^as eoiujulbtl ti flj toSo'lbiTid lor >iifety. Wullere, Iiowi'mt, in ibe end beeaim a*»avtr. to Curisiianitv biio^elf. Tbc eiieiiui'iianees wbieb b l

-

-Tie w-th-l ^:.i r.f thf X«»tijfct 14 iiitiTwo\rn \\i\h mir l.in^iiav;»'. l-'ioni t'" ->i*ject«.>f tr.*-!' \» -r>h:|i t:». ii.iiiu '- -!'.' <iiu- il.r.> li.n«' l»'-i*ii tl«iivi'«l. ThfiM-'T :<:- NKOnd Jlaj* i:i »! - ..-- K X\n\ .lelU.iti-il t-i l'i« Sun .Vi>l Mt-N. hflU'O Siim\.i\ -I Woodsy. I.Se thirJ .i.nl uMjrtli w-rr ilfiljr «.fi il Ui 7m/m«. i-hI U'.i»/»w. Ik in'f li.' -« v * -i Wrdne«da> - ili*" ritlli. j«iM)/. ./«./ v tfrjth, in likr iiuntur, to 'Jtr.r. Tn'i, ..iu\ Tb'tr'djy. Frid,i\. ami S.ttunhx.

26 BCCLBSIASTICAt HISTORY.

tn this change in hi* religious sentiments, are I'efy impeffcc:! . KUlcd b; htslorians. His lirrt act vas lo sppuinl FrutnArrr. - Eu|[iish clei^yman nlia had been eilucaieU in Scotland, to '.J. TScsnt See. To this prelate, Jaruniatntui succce<ied. Tli hmous St. Ckad, ot S(. Ceadda, was neiE consecrated. Alhri the year 660, bv ibis Itishon, the episcupal Sec or Meicia ur<' finall; fixed atLichfieid. His succeiior, )ru//rU,bein^deiir"< : b; the Arehhishopof Cantcrburj-, the bishopric wasdiTideo iin fire Betetal dioceses, Lichfield, Worcester, Hererord, Leicesii - and Sidnaccsier; die liUet of which is now a humble TiUai.-' called Slowc, in LiDColnithiie- Offo, one of the most powetli: and illustrinu* raonarchs of the Sa<(on hqitiircbv, rpiiijin:ii Pope Adrian ihat his dmninitrnj should he gorpmeJ in . pbcopal power. To this ne was iuduced b<r fedii' and tesuntment, that hij bishop* should be sub>ii<ii authority beyond the limits of his owo kineitani. 1 ' .

Bjnbitinti, LtcA/i^ was consecrated an independeni .1 ...,. ,

w, in7B6. This city, howeycr, only conltmied to i-iiiuj i!: dislincllan It hod thus obtained, till the death of Offa ; When x\. Archbishop of Canterbury prevailed upon Pope Leo, by a goldi -, bribe, to leduce it once more to its ancient runk within his jun diction. About the year 1075, the See wa« remotcd from Liri Geld to Cliesier. It will be seen at pa|[o G5, that the seat of r i . bishops wa« removed from Coientry \o LirKfitld, by Rogei : C tin ton. who was taised to the episcopal throne, in 1127. Il^ was a liberal benefactor both tn the city and cathedral ; wlu' ht^ increased or founded the ten pREBENns of GaJa M^or h:< Uinor, UAon Decaul and Cantuis, Freeford, Hnn-^acn, Cn! bumugb, Deniford, and SlatfoM; and settled tlie princi].: DioNiTABiEB or THE DiocKfiE, of whom the present list will i found at page 87, preceded by an estimate of the annual valuv their respective benefices, and a description of that mif^itin ' tractuie - LiCBfiELDCATHEDBAi,; which may jiwtly be ml. die pride and glory of Staffordshire. Froro the foundation ol i>. diocese tn the present time.tU bishops hare successirely pn>hti]> < -vu it, as nill be seen in llie rullonTng numerical list, witli 1 1 < yean in which ihey were respeditely inducted.

. sores ON THE BISH(iPS.-~[%) Cdlarh vu aScotchm.. Ud BW rrmutcd liom ibcSiv by Wulfcre, Kjng i>r McKia. (4) J^j ' tnannui oomni'-ni-nl iJic rrtcUon of the cUhnlral. (A) SL Cha<), r: (Iriitittril liM-iiiu. uiLvc n^'iiii^ lu llif (cathedral, and a parisb in l.i< I Mil, L . .78andKf. Thf Utb uiJ 13th *

ibtI^"' .tiiutH] fnbatinif in the culm

(ft4)\« I llnMxIKiniEdipir'iebaner.vallKdll

-ApJrffn ' - WT. railed " Bitkofnf CMntrr md L''

JleM.'' (.,4,1 i>..rrrii uf 1 ijTivj removed thr 3« lu Cnvmtry, h*' , tPl posRUuu ..I liiL u^k uLtw) thcrt, ami wni ihr finl \V]\ti Bldii>r -^t^rratrfaaM LictJUi." (33) Pncam nt *- builvi anii ehat^uu

Jiwert haitai^

UST OF THE

Hops of ucmiEU) and coventrt*

(311 JU.fct ( \.\.r\fu:i lUil Cmnlrg, (w . .

-, II.. . li.iif Iii7i of Pcnkiidgt, Stafford, and Wolverhampun . l''>i.l r-! Lititjuned frum tbiDg Stephen tbe liberty of coiiM, , .>ri.l, ... I l.il, Hvurj 11. gnnled In him luiil hit iuckm-i Unift :irih<- gniblwd up paiU of (be foKSl ofCuinodt, . >.<.. (3T) Gcnud <it Puella, who «u funnl for tJM, t, iUpI afiei ba bad farlit the liuhopric on[j liilfen veetu, 'iinikoatnwpkion ofiKiison." (38) HugkitNwant was elected. allH, tat «at oaiitrcratod till 1188; previoui to irhii^b, he -l^wted itc Pf^i Lc^aw- He iru ma inccMUt advenarj U 'I I, *W froquuUr annoyed him isith ihejr peculation* and quar- Mk Rk&ard !.(>-« bin aDthoriiy to nmaytibtmaniuofCttentrft >M |M meaimi priesU in tbdr plue ; ud wbcD the moaki refutvd t >^ ka onkf, " be maile way by tbe iwatd, voDndiag- t r^atat (bt ml 111 digbt." He b uid to have been soundi. _ . - 3«ilaw b* «u MaJidtDg h7 the altar, (iff) BUhep Combufl grtaiet, tV ChtplCT erLicbfletd a tnefowtT of uboovag tbcmMlvm a Drat f. tefc|nTiWem< cooanned by Pope UoDociut III. Before lhi^llM imb-p al*a}i eWsUiI tha DesD, ai he did the Cuums. Aft«r his dcatl "^ - - % dilpute lietaeen tbe churcbei of Lichfield and Cannlt7, '- '-- " -«ei>or,whioh wai referred 10 tbePopCiW"" aleBnieddiTiDeaiidphilou>pher,»bu »> t»ud itran^ dicami ; " Bod who gmlll -^PrebeDdi. Wbil* h

"rw:

28 NOTES ON THE BI>HOPS.

as Mttioi br the Popt that the el^nion of the future bishops should U: by inv monks cf CoveDtry and the Chapcrr oi Lichticld aliernately. (1;2/ Xickelai €e h'arfHham was eleete^i bt-fure Bi>hup PateshuU, but he (kcliotd lilt: honour. '.-t*5) Bishop Laugion «a« a muoificent benefac- v-z to Lis church, u i^ noticed a: the 7 8tb and^dth pages. \47) It it said that Biikap Siretton coul<i not read ! though he va.< appointed at the eainirst request of the Prince of Walo, whose chaplain be was. (48y Bi«hop Ski flaw «as. azainst his own conseni, translated Im Bath and WdU, and afterwu-ds to Durham. (49) Bishop Scrope wa* raised to the arch)'i«hoprIc of York. (ol) Bishop Keteriek was -ent to the Council of Constance, in 1416, and Bishop Ha}'worth to that of Bafle, in 1-134. (57) Bhkop Halse did much towards the reformation of hie clerzr. His chanct-IIor and registrar were Dr. Sal- ter, anil Thomas Myites ; his eminent dean was Dr. Yotton ; and many other learned and pious men were members of his church. ((30) Bitmap Lee, bfini; hi$?hly in favuur with Hcnrr VIII., was made irovcmor of the Marches of Wales, which he cleared of the robbers that infested them. At the Reformation, when Chester was taken from the diocese of Lichfield, and the cathedral stripped of its ornaments, B:<:hop Lee is said to have bezged from fai» Majcbty the rich shrine of St. Chad. (fy2) Dr. Bane, the la»t Catholic bishop of Lii:b field, was ejected by Uuecn Elizalnrth. (69) Bhhopf fright si^eil the Pruu^tation against the exclusion of tlie Bishops from the Long Parliameut. and su tiered for it IH weeks' imprisonment in the TowtT. (70! Bishop t'rtvm was nominated by Charles I., but as he pos>es>:eil neither power nor profit durin:; the Commonwealth, he ivtiretl to I^mdon, and on the I^estora- tion was translated to York. (71) As will be s<.vn at yazt: 78, Bishop Hackett was one of the most eminent persons of hi> tinit- for learning and public spirit ; and he it was who rc>tored tht- tfithcdral after it had been reduecil to a heap of ruins in tlie Civil wars. (7.j) liithop Chandivr was an Irishman, and was translatcil to the rich Sec of Dur- ham, for which, it is !»uid, he crave XlKKK). (76) Biahop Stnallbrooke filled hih church with his relations, and wrote 2:) hoiiks; one of which is a well written Defence of our Saviour's Miracles, against the attack of Woolston. (80) Bishop Hurd wa-» bom at Conjrrevc, near Penk- rid^e, and educatetl at the Brcwood CJnimmar School, and at Emanuel College, Cambridcre. He was tutor to the Prince of Wales, {after- ward* George If.) tind was esteemed one of the most elc;;iint and accomplished scholars of the time in which he lived, lie was author of several masterly and cla.*isical works, and, in 1781, was translati-d to Worcestor. He dic<l at Ilartlcbury Palace, in 180H. The work to which he wa.« most indebted for his favour in the court, and his preferment in the church, wa.N his '' Moral and Political Dialogues ; " previous to which, he hail published an Enurlish Commentary and Notes, upon Horace's Epistle to the Pisocs; an edition of Horae«\ with Notes, &e.; an Essay on the Delicacy of Friendship ; and sonie other works, all displaying great enidition and a complete acquaint- ance with p<ditc literature. He idso publiKhi>d many excellent Ser- mons. A new edition of all his works was published in 1811, as were also thf>se of his friend Dr. Warburton. His successor,* at Lichfield, the Hon. Dr. Jame/i Comwaltia^ the late bishop, contributinl much to the improvement of the cathetlral, and the episcopal Palace, at Eeeles- Ma/I. lie died in 1816, when tlic present bishop saccceded, [see pa|f?e87. ]

BISHOPRIC, PREBENDS, &C. 29

The DIOCESE contains 557 par%she$^ comprising the whole ol Staffhrdshift (except Broom, Clent, and Kowley Regis) aud Dtrbyshirtj the migor part of Warwickshire, and nearly half of Skropthtre, It is divided into /our Archdeaconries, bearing the names of these counties, and into sixteen Deaneries; of which 4 are in Staffordshire, 4 in Warwickshire, 2 in Salop, and 6 in Derbyshire. The Bishop has the patronage of the following chu rck litinfft, some of which are not within his diocese, viz., the rectory of Sl Philip's, Birmingham ; and the vicarages of Dunchurch, io Warwickshire; of Frees, in Salop; of Duffield,in Derbyshire ; of Eccleshall, Hanbury, Penn, and GnosaU, in Staffordshire ; of Towcester, Buckley, and Pightcsley, in Northamptonshire ; of Belgmve, in Leicestershire; of Burton, Wybunbury, and C open- hall, in Cheshire : and of Towen, in Merionethshire. The oresent value of the Bishopric, and the Deanery and Prebends of Uchfield is shewn at pages 86 and 87, together with the incum- bents, and the following shews their Annual Valve in the King's Book,* viz., the Bishopric £559, I7s. 3i^d. ; the Deanery (with the prebends of Brewood and Adbastun) £40 ; the Dean and Chapter's joint revenue JC275. 13s. 4d. ; - Prebends, Alre- wasi;"2t5. 13s. 4d.; Bi*ihop's-Hull £2 ; Bobcnhall £l ; Whiltinj^:- ton with Baswich, £13. 6s. 8(1. ; CurlKnough £«. 13s. 4d. ; CoU wich £13. 6s. 8d. ; Demford 10s.; Dassel Parva 3s. 4d. ; Ecclesshall £20. ; Frecford £20 ; Flixton £7..; Gaia Major £.>. ; Gaia Minor £2.; Haiisacre £14.; Bishop's Itchinp^tou £26. 13s. 4d.; Longdon £8.; Offlcy £I6.; Oloughton, alias Oking- toD, in two moieties, each £2. 13s. 4d. ; Pipa Parva 26s. 8d. ; Frees and Ruiton alias Pipa Minor £li). ; Stokefold £5. ; Swal- low £56. 13s. 4d.; Tachbrook £10.; Terwen £26. 13s. 4a.; Wecford £14.; Wolvey £2. 3s. 4d.; and Wellington £10. The other entries in the same valuation connected with tho Cathedral establishment, are ^^Decan. and Capit pro 12 Choristii £23. 22s. 3} d. Duodecim partes, cujnslibet Deciina, qiuilibct Xt*. 14$. 2d.; Septem. partes ad 14s. 7d. cujnslibet £51. 10s. ; SMecentt)r £14. Os. lOd. ;'* and the Office oi' Sacrist having ouve of Eouls £9. 12s. i^d. The latter is discharged from the pus - Bwat of Orst fniits.

The Monastic Institutions which existed in StafTordsliiiv, daring the ages of superstition and Catholicism, were as nunicr- oos as those of most other counties in England. The folloxNin;; ii a Ust of the Abbeys, Nunneries, Priories, aud Collaj*'^^ vluch formerly flouri-slied here, and to which a coiisideralilc umber of chantries, hospitals, aud other religious establisli- AMiof less importance might be added, as will be seen in the topopaphical part of tliis work.

*TltKiva*i BooKi or Lib«r Regis, contains a valuation of all the Chun-'u iilht kingdom, taktrn liy order of HenryVllL,in ISSlj

c 2

rBurion WiilWt, lOM, .,

(t\Cr(iulc«, ........ BtR.<te Vcrdon, ... IITtt, ..

j '{IhMilmCniu R. i:Mlor€bnli4'... 1:00, ..

$ JhUm Omrfit Aviie;. .. VJOa, . .

(itlilinon:, <R<«aoml toStuMlc7)lLM,

J [Blioli I.adi«, Inbd Under.

I^l^aicinll, Diihop Clin Inn, .... 1140,

' (Huburj KingEiMr«d, .... 760,

lUilkbnrr Hugh MavoyD, . . I I3U,

Colwkli, Gent Rldcl I las,

Uptqr AlgkT. (a SatemJ . . lU«i,

^ BuHob, Kobrn Fttx KocI .. nm, .

9, RacoKT, Klehanl Sacon, .... 1140, ..

j' Sl HHinai, Qerard -!« Stiiflbrd, .. IIGt, ..

£ Saadadl, Williun OHhn, ... IIU,

Ston^ Robert Lnnl.Hullbnl, HUD, ..

Trentiam, RobcrtEulufCtMNtcr.iaiH, ..

.TnUiarj UrarjirFiama. .. 11)81, .

iLldiRdiL Klnt Onry, <iHI, pEakridp, KlngtM^ar, .. 904, SuBbnl, { (unkuuim, bnt thunilod TnHBnlialt, S before the CoB(|ihs<I.| TuniruTtliAi Qaoull. (oDknovn.) Wat*rrli>m|M<'n. . . Udy Wulfmsa. .... »96.

Ii lias vlm<I; Wn «f«ii iluu SiArroRr.t.i - ' .\liritMACnNRiEB In Uie Ditrce^e of l.i Mill U divided into fmtt Deaneries, of >' ' cnnmemiuD. sliewing ibe Pabiebs* bt^lu: .

linetmMngitiioM whvreihe (dinti'h liiiii^^.

ndlhiKie whicb an diiehargfd frem Iht- pat/mmt n/jinc/rd At Ihejr nppisu in Eotoii'ii Thewnnii, in nhich all (hr chapeli and mmtB of the pntoi-liiiil runtcics ait omitW.

Dbanrry of LtVLEV ANi> Tuvsuti.: - Livingt ni Clkar BIymhill, Bnullry, C'lmrch-Eftton. Kurtltc, Forion, Hjfl Nnrl>urt, Kings winlord, ShcRfT- Hides, ftnd Scdglcjr. Di ' (4, - Buihliur^. BrpwcKid, lAplev. Ovrr-Penn, I^tItiI Trjsiill, \V."Ql>..urii.UVloii-uDd«V.I,iMtd. Penlridfc, 8

liin,T.M

. !,.,

iiYETOfi (or Alton), . Urind<m, Ikm, Kioesley, 1 K l'l,A1reUiii,Bnin»kill,BliMv,i , IvllaslOQ, Lcrk, Majiield, T

/>MW«Mf vr NkwcjiiI'LC a»I> Stoke ; Zinnjn in C^

, „_^ , , Tlian, BMwich,

nJanMifei, OMdB-ClmnA. Kedi^ Banton. Suffoid, - ^rafti^ TlMdwiii, NMIn»-iB-ae>Moen, Hude^, Bkd-

DBua>rOTTA»a«TH «b TonraT ; - XMI^i m CImye,

UhlttiL tMnmPmminki, ColtM, Dmttm-BwnL Durles-

1m, Bm^ TTiBrtiTITllilmiii. Hamne, Hmdnron, Loag-

Bv- JMwiwjij, Alnwu, Annitigv, Abbots _ lir, Canocft, ColwMi, EcBngak, Hutmiy,

'iA4. BigjWi gfctmoui, '^un1ralll^ TntbniT, Tipton, MMMteaOHMHihnjr, W«ilbnmwicb, Wliittfaigtan, Pipe-

.IttnwatUM b JlMiii>*At'i, to mUeA " w &km Kmue ^ 1» ! UnUti^ ua CuBod, Bu;d«T, AnJer, Bienood, IWaL&MMwkih, Fnmna, finikh. Aeton-TruEsell, Bltid^wUMlMlnB, AlKwas, BninleT-Re|^, Edingak, Ha- MmaMnpe-RidiraKa, HmsicTe, Annita^, Hints, Norton, FiiiilwiiiTT. OBtj. Fudncell, Colwich AdlMiton, LoDgd.m, Wadbid, St. Ckul'i Stafford, Tipton, PenkridKe, Sfaarecliill, riuinl.TT-l - ^ - I - . Felsall, WiUenhall, BOston, Tcltcn- UL CmmB, mat Oakorer.

An« P«BOCHi«L Flmss : - Id addition to the |isri»Iie!, fk^cUei, and town^ps, ihett ue in Staffuidsliire, u in roniiy a tBoaOta, *erenl of those priTileced districts called Exim. ' ' J libeitiea, whicli ue generally fonnd to have be«n the ' ' ' nks 91 KliRious boaws, or of haga or wniTd.^, *«rij penod for the use of such establisli- _ rs of these districts nere privileged willi an

fc^Hii mil III Jurisdiction, and did not permit kbj interferfnce '^ di«ir »nilMirily tritlnii dieir own limits. Hence such places 'm « virtual exemptioii ftoin maiDlainin^ the poor, because wy^t no ovetaan Vn whom a lOagistratEs' order maj bi- ' n the militiB laws, because the; hare no constable to is; and from KpairinKtbe bigfawaya, because they

' una the reeeirer-gmend in his iwonly till about

_e of the Rerotntion of laSS, extra-parochial districts

MMillicr cusaIiIc. nor within the ordinary pah of ciril juris-

iiifc Tliey are slfll nrtnaHy exempt (mn many tiril duties,

"' ' t|jin>.ii.inis an not called upon to serve many public

^ick utlicrs an liable.

r TMB Boaxs, 8cc.-~In 1333, a severe battle nm

lailaa-mon'Trent, (see page 311,) dnring the rebel-

^1 of uncaster, who thea rttided at the netghboui-

- ', wiiai tntMAerwardspna to the celebni-

''-loftbeioftlkoofBotlMncastex, (.sw;

^n^.-v

32 WARS OF THE ROSES.

jwge 408). During the contentions foi the crown between tkt rival houses of York and Lancoiter^ in 1459, a decisive oonfliet took place in this county, near the borders of Shropshire, aboat eight miles W.N.W. of Eccleshall, called the Battle or Bloreheath. The Earl of Salisbury marching to join die Duke of York, ^ho then lay at Ludlow, in Shropshire, was ia- tcrcepted at this place, by the royal armv under Lord Audlcy, who posted himself here for that purpose, by the express orden of Queen Margaret, tlic celebrated consort of Henrv VI., shebeiBf extremely f^irful lest tlie king's person should fall into the power of his adversary. Lord Audley's forces amounted to ten tfaoo- sand men, and had besides the advantage of chusing their poii- tion ; whereas the Yorkist troops did not exceed 5000 men, wiA all the incumbrances and disadvantages of an army on its maicL The Earl of Salisbury, to obviate these difficulties, as niach m possible, and with the view of separating the royalists, and throw- ing them oiT their guard, had recourse to stratagem. Betweca the two armies ran a small rivulet with very steep banks, and not easily passed. Feigning, therefore, a retreat, he induced Lord Audley to order a precipitate pursuit. The conseqneaM was the division of the royal army by the rivulet ; which dK Earl no so<mer perceive<l than he ordered his troops to face about and commence an attack. The vigour of the onset, and the surprise and astonishment of the enemy, soon decided the fortune of tne day, in the complete overthrow of the rovalists, Lord Audley Inmself, and 2400 of the Cheshire gentlemen, whose joyaltv and ardour had led them into the van, fell in the action. Tiic Ouccn, who had beheld the defeat of her anny, from the tower of Muccleston church, fled to Eccleshall castle, wldle Salisbury proceeded, without further opposition, to the place (rf his destination ; but in the following year he was taken prisoner at the battle of Wakefield, and subsequently lost his heaa on the block. In a field, on the south side of the Newcastle road, about two miles E. of Drayton, and on the banks of the rivuiei where the fatal battle of Bloreheath was fought, a wooden croa was erected soon after the action, to mark the spot where Lord Audley fell. This cross having been thrown down by a cow rubbing agunst it, Charles Boothbv Scrymsher, the loril of the manor, in 1765, erected a stone pedestal, upon which he placed the ancient cross, both of which still remain ; and on the north side of the pedestal is a suitable inscription. Drayton, in his Polyqlbion, commemorates the names of tlie heroes, ami the un- natural slaughter at Bloreheath in the following lines.

The Earl

So hungry in roTen^, tbrre made a raT*noas spoil. There button Dutton killi : a Done doth kill a Done : A Booth a Booth; and Leigh by Leigh it orerthrown; A Venabiei against a Venables doth stand ; A Troutbeck dghteth with aTroutbeck hand to hand; Tbrre Molfoeai doth make a MfAlneui to 4k And Egrrtan the itmigih o( Ecertm 4«0^ ^tt-"^

STAFFORDSHIUi:. .'J.'3

The hcauliful hut iinfurtuimte Mauy Qieex ok Si ots, tx-

THTxeiice'l much of her hinjj iniprisuiimciit :iii(l sufleriiij,' in Si.il"-

l\?nl<hirt\ at the castles of Tuthurv and Chartlev, duriii*' the niirii

M' ht-r rival nvA kinswuniiiTi, Eli/.aheth. At the latter place her <.«ir-

re^ptni'lcnce with the Pope was cnntriveil and carried on. Heiv

\lke\%ise >he resided previous to heinp: cnnduclcd to Fotherinixhay

c:islle, where her trial and condeninatinn took place, followed

l»y her execution, to the indelihle disjjnice of the great and

ilhi^trions princes-* who then suaved the English sce]>tre.

(See pa»?e 40f^).

Civil War** : - In the fatal contentions hetween the ]M-.'n)- i^atiTes of the Cmwn and the privi]esrc> of Parliament, in ilie reii;n of Charles I., when hrother f(»ught ai;ain>t l>ri>ther, :ind fatlier a|niin<t s*^n, Staffonlshire had its full share vi' 4he ivil> TesttUin^ from intestine strife. The principal causes wliich led to this distractinn of the countrv, were thelevyinufof ship nnuicv, an'i the duly of tonnag^e and poundage, without the sanction of Parliament ; and the cruel proceedings of that nrret and in(|ui>»i- t«rial court, called the Star (.'hamher: There aKo lawaihil in '}.\K! ii.i;i .»n a di*j».«siliou for rejMil)lican in ])relVT(.ni»- i>- i:i i.- T'.-Viul 'Z'-'^eniineni ; and religion wa^ often made ilic *^i;i]li-:u .x.«r^' : »L\-4riee and anihitinn. From tlie^i' comhiiir.l mu'-i - .:.« I'-'M-ui* of "jiH- eminent \\ere thr»»wn Into «r>-.'rrior, a:i'' ;'. ; ..-\»T f" rtfrly re-a^-umed their piopir station till tin.- ul-ri ii - -."lui: -:; - i" \*'**^^. altlumgh many j»airi''tif ad Ire-^-- \m ir -.:.! :r :.» r'',;^ iind other eonnlie<. to the l*.nii;iiMeni. })n!\inir In, .r: «::- -J ]<- :.«li-i*iuuiit ol' their dirt'erenei>. I'lie Kinii" rir-.l In-i-b ' ::.'f r-) il ^tand.iT.I at Notti?iirh:nn, in August 1(1-10, al'ler i»--=::'!'. \ii> f.t.ia*»u< c<'nimi-'«ion of anM_\ to the L''nl-Lienten;nil'«' of t . . -% \**'iuzy iv. F.i!irl;nid. Many <'f the prinripal tamilii'< in Sial! r-!- *hin:; f'-p 'TiMfd the ri»}al e::u>i',and aniong'-t tlu- nn'^t eon-^jiir i-- > !''*Vtili*l*« v'lerelhe l)v«»tt* ot' l/ii.liliil'i. wliich eitv wa-. takf;! ;.-. I fh-takeii -e*rral tinle^ in the cojir-r ol' the w.ir. In ln|;'. ii: Sir-f^ .if Lirhfivid \\;i'< (ollov.iil hy the />nitft' of Ilojitnii-l/i i'.':. ^n'i t^t -S*iV'/»'-v*d Stalfonl and W ohiihainpton, in all of \%'ii.!i -he Piirliunieutarians under Sir ,I<»h!i (Jvll and Sir NN'ill; nsi BnrrfU'ii, were »»ucee^'»fiil, as will 1». -een :it \>ivjs'^ (Ji), 112, Mi. ami 17o. In Se]»te!nher during the ^-.uwv M-ar, Sir Wilii.mi Brewl»«n hcMcced AVrA'.*/;//// rVjv/Ze, and defeated Colonel il.i-- Cin^, who .itleuipted to relieve it, killinL;' and taking '2lK) ho">e ; but the C'dnnel, who was wounded esi'a[)i<l to Tuthnry. Tin VtMtUt nfTnthnrt/j Stourhm, nnd Ihtdhif, were at thi> time l.tld by the ftoyali^t-^, and tlie King had a garrisun at rat!e>hnll i-« < pcisfe*2ttr, :J:I7. and 11^). After (»nlerinu- the demolitici;i ..;

«

\

f

!||'

Staffurl Castle, ( Ueeeniher -JOnd, lt>i:M, the Parliament <" muiee dispatched Colonel Kudt^ileN to Sen-cnallf-undt r-l.ij.u' \\,\ xaise liwp^ for the defence «>f tliat to\\n and l.wh^ and f.M li.- awisUuct of Sir Williaiu Drerrr,;;. ^v VhvAxuv. The dila'.'Hi.v.. Uon Ki{ Kttie^tmse, and the hnu.sc iff the /'if/hcrlHTl-. at S>n,\

34 CIVIL WARS. - CHARLES II.

fMffon, was soon afterwards resolved upon by the Committee. Oa Fcbruarj 14th, 1(>44, Captain Stone, with a body of Pailiamen- tarians, marched afi;ainst Prnttethull-htnue, which had a Fopiih

farrison, and was btrongly fortified : taking adyantage of the rawbridge beine down, he suddenly surprised the sentinels, M on the garrison, killed many of them and took the goTemor, (Mr. Astley,) several gentlemen of quality, two Jesuits, and mtXj moi prisoners. On Januar}' 15th, 1645, after the battle of Naaeliy had decided the unhappy fate of Charles I., he left Ashby-de-b- Zouch for Lichfield, where he slept that night ; and next d^ proceeded to Wolverliampton, and from Sience to Bewdky. After a long route through Herefordshire, Wales, and Shvop- ^ire, we again find him (August 10,) at Lichfield. On Hit 5Ch« 1646, after sufiering many privations, the King sunendeni to the Scotch army, at Ncwarx-upon-Trent. The crafty SooliA- men removed the King to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and after pi^ vailing upon him to issue orders for the surrender of all his gar- risons, they treacherously sold him to his merciless enemies § jG900,000, and a promise of another sum of equal amount to bt paid in two moieties. This base transaction occurred in 1647; and on January 13th, 1649, his majesty was beheaded in die stmt opposite tfie royal Palace of WhiteLall. His son, Charles IL* subsequently attempted to regain the throne of his anceston, which was not conceded to him till after the death of Cromwdl, jand the abdication of his cfTemiuate son, Richard, in 1680. After the battle of Worcester, in 1()5I, had ruined the hopes of Charies II., he wandered for some time in concealment in Std*- fordshire, and the adjacent parts of Shropshire, until his firieodt found him the means of escaping to France. In his flight ham Worcester, he was accompanied by Lord Wilmot, Colonel Gif^ fard, and some other of his faithful adherents. Colonel GiflM was a Catholic gentleman who resided at ChillingUm-park^ ia Stafibrdshire, about two miles E. of BosaM and the nunneiy called White 'Ladiesy in Shropshire, nine miles N. W. « Wolverhampton (see page 481). Being well acquainted with the country, he conducted the King to his seat of Wbhe- Ladies, where his majesty, having cut his hair short, dismisied his retinue, assumed the garb of a peasant, and committed the safety of his person to Richard Pendrell, a woodman of Bosco- bel,who had three brothers, all sen-ants living in the same nei^ bourhood. Though death was denounced against all who oon* cealed the King, and a reward of jt* 10,000 promised to any one who should l>etray him, this noble peasant and his biuthen remained unshaken in their fidelity to their sovereign. The King passed the first day of his concealment, with Richard Pen- drell, m a neighbouring wood, where they pretended to employ themselves in cutting fagots ; and when it grew dark they set Dut for Madeley, in Shronshire, with the intention of passing the Serem into lia/cs ; but learning tliat a\\ the fotds and passes of

ST&FFORDSBIItE.

hrtiictljr puaidcd, the King was seemed in a Im ft Mlliotic grailemaii named Wolf, of Madeli lauBd tin nigbt'fkll, and iben retumed wiili Pc afcd- Next morning, for a belter coui!ea)iiient, t tt m'ah Colonel Culfss, «'ho coDnniuided for his n itlJe of Worcesier, mounted it large oak» in Bosoot ihej sliellered themselvat amaoe the leaves a

Ibor'aiid-tnentT hours. On Sunday night Pendn B EiDKt opon a miller's horse, U> '>>» lin.i™ nf ti niubolic gentleman, at MatrUy,

, teceireil ith e^erj mart of loyalty r ici uned till T»esday night, when his I ity

fiutliful ktffit, and vas Utken by Lort. ilm

teudence of Colonel Ijuie, about four id

ards Walsall. During tbe Kine's stay al

Ur. Huddlcston'rl- (the priest of the famil,^

cace was a direct oasKiire into a secret bijni)

i:^ tuid in which Mr. Huddle^ton had becD

take pheller in lliose limes : in this hole hia Wbjo- If apon all jlunri i.'[ tbe ajijiroach of the rebels, but mnhtid the addien to preTent a search tor the King. B^t, Lord Wjlmot leh Moedey, and went hack to

ooitfalt with Colonel I^ne npon mcaaarec to be

M^eatT'a safety. A scheme was hem fenned lor a Bristol. Colonel I^ne baring a relatiiHi a thaf |y*H a, pais for bis raster and a senant to riiit Um- bgtusA as a scrrant, rode before Min !«», and bS in Mtfe^ ', but no vcMd bebg ready to sail, hi* (fat a. tempcoary securi^ at Cohmd Wrndbam's in At length, a ressel was ptocnTOd at Brighthdm- e^ mtter various adieetures, the King anired on k, and haring embarked he was next day safely aditmf, in Normandy. Upon his ResleratiaB, in raided many of his bithfal preserrers with pennons, gonarchy and episcopacy to the greatest spleadour ; son became one of the most Toluptuous, tyrannical, nmons ntonaicbs that e*er swayed the sceptre of

^ bin iMK Bwedota af Uk Rer. John HudJlutOB, pgUWicA nan mo. thai Bkkud Pnilnll, tbs kowit ud toTil pnltclor «ca FcfaravT 8. IVl. Kr. HaddlHton wu tbi Kior- owtut Mr. WhitgmiT'a, ud wkn hii MiO»>1 diputad, ki uc* nil" with uunaca tl hli hicnd^ip. Mi. HnddkiloD ftum4> B BmcdkUM nuDli but idunlBt, sfoo tta .prgioM

3G iiisiouv OF 1

En::r1und ; - siicrificiiip: both Catholics and Dissenters to his needy I

policy, and supporting the Protestant Chur«;h, not from pria* I

ciplei hut interest, as was evinced in his dyinqf inoment^. On I

liis accession to the throne, tlie hishivps were allowed to reranp I

their seats in the House af Peers, and an Act of Uniformity w 1

pa.~<!:e:l, reiiuirinfr of all clerixymen, episcopal onlination,canoBieil .1

obedience, and a ^enerAl assent to every tiling contained in tlM 1

Book of Common Pniyer. For not confonning to this ad, I

more than 20(M) clcr^cynien were deprived of their beneficefiy ni I

thus ori^n&te<l Non-ronftynninf or Protestant dissent ; for prior

to this time, the Puritans had remained members of the emb- I

lishment, thou^fb labouring to promote a further reformatkl. J

The ejected ministers suffered much under the operation of wr- ]

eral severe laws, amonj;st which were the Omventicle, the Oxfmd, 1

the Cnrpt>ration, and the Test Act* ; all of which are happily l

now ah()li>hcd ; - the two lirst beinf^ annulled by the Toliraiim I

ylcf, pji^'sed in l<$8ii, but the two latter were not repealed till I

1 N'iH, a few months before the passing of the Cathouc Eman- I

cipation Bill. I

In the RebeUinn nf 1745, when a rash attempt was made ]

by the youn<( I'retcnder to restore tlie dynasty of the Stuarti, I

the Scottish insurf^euts, commanded by Prince Charles Edward I

and the Dukes of Perth, Athol, Sec, marched through Leek, on I

Tuesday, December iJrd, (0. S.) on their way to Derby, and I

returned on the Saturihiv following, lo the great eonstematioa |

of the inhabitiuits, who feared the consequences of an action b^ |

twecn thcni and the army of the Duke of Cumberland thai

stationed at Stone, with an advanced guard at Newcastle-under-

Lyme. But this alarm was of short dumti(ni ; for tlic rebds J

de'.med it ]>rudent to hasten back to Scotland, where the Doka ]

sixm afterwards completely destroyed their hopes in the mo- j

Tijonible battle of Cullodeni (April ilUli, 1740,) juul restored the ]

kingdom <mce more to peace and tninquillity. Since that period, '

the history of Staffordshire is confined to the improvement and

extension of its connneroe and manufactures, its mines, roadSi

canals, public institutions, Ncc. Sec.

SOIL, AXD ASPECT OF THE COUNTV.

Staffordshire exhibits as great a variety of soils as anv other <^ounty in England of a similar extent. Pitt says the dratle soUm niay ill genenil be divided into, /fr*/, tlic stiff and strong clayey, (argillaccHJUs), ; srrond, the loose and light, sandy, (arenaceous,); ^ird, lime earth, (calcareous,^ ; and /owr/Zi, the mixed or com- pound soil, or loam, coinposeii of the above with the addition of *tones and other matters. The strong clayey soil Is most prcva- ipnt in the hundred of Cuttlestone, and in those portions of the ^wndnKi of Ofllow, which lie north of the Trent, and east of the "^^c, together with tlie southern portions of Pirehill and Tol- '"^^nslow, The light soil predommatcs chiefly in the hundred

STAFFORDSHIRE. 9f

f efOmou, to llic M>ut1i of the Trenl, Rud in ihe hnniuA dl M^ jm, amunil Paltitigham, Wombouni, Himlcy, ani AMRnriB- Ibnl. 'The tntadmc lamU, whicli, for tlie inuil paitlam the icUiUy of the mnali and riTers, usuallf ^txkc at Aa Baton of tlic aimlite mU iu tlicir Tcqtcctive viciaitie!, with tiw iMfiim of the icdtiiiant of water, when within reach of the MnuWi Xa *cutc nrticafau spots snit oirth forms the soil ~ RKmna*, mtchingdiSerent degrees of thiclcnrss clilHr at Acr»y^ rooIH of aquatic vegetables. - - a tranb of large trees, of which manj? ~ -

The Middtr pert of rAf Counfy is for the most aait Isnl, ncept Cannock Chase, &n immense open heAtb whka nnlb la a nini4ilml>h elerratiiiD, from which issiie man; MIMBa tttt Hob in xU djtcctioiu to the Trent East of this ^ - 1\ tlinl M tai If ihr riier Tame, is a Dnct of light Mil, or MM7 nd r p, r'li In. , ,ii4 ID theeaslof thaiiiTeiisa.strnflgarndxed ffl:. . Ml' Luih as com mid paslurp land. Between

il' l>.ivc, i^; Needuood Forest, (iinw enclosed,^

ndufti 'P " {Tuoxeter, if A tiBCt of strong 01 lo&mysoil, and ipia «a l« Eocdeshall, and the borders of ShropihiTe, is a 9tioi)g HmiaediBai), orlmua. Tha country, son^ of Cannock Chase, itaiatMdgrwdlf loam; but that south and west of Wolrer- hmpjM is a hitter khI. To the north of Dudley, and again MarVaW), an comidemble tracts of IhiuilOTU, some in eleva- ltd dill, and otben in stnb beneath the surface, either in detadied panaor solid rock: the limestone in both places ia ivved to be newly upon tbe «ame lerel, bv canals commnnica- fiag betwcea them, and into the heart of the works, at 900 feet IM* tlte lerel of the sea. Some of the cliffs are candderablT here that kvel, and the nndeT-stiata beneath it: petriiied eiine siibatancea, and other gnudUnvUat remoiiw, are found Mt imbedded in the solid rock, and in the fiaenres between the

n* Nartk-tetit of the county from Stone, through Newcastle 10 TUk-«iMbe-biU, and thence to Betlej and Dr*.jton, is gene- nllj laui, with a varied understratum of sand, gravel, marl, or gdMSBelDck; the aoil, being the happy medium between the MtriU^ of sand and the banSnesa of clay, is adapted either to fflageoT - - "^ ' ' - -''- -=-'- - - "

hge,ud the com crops hare generally a. prominng appear- oee: opon the whole, this district may be termed a fine coun- liT, ihoogh not without some spots of inferior land. Near Miter heath, and Ashley Common, may be fonnd a thvu blaclL pat-mwr seU, and on the billy putt, poor aand, gnvcl, m to^

38

SOIL A>D ASPECT OF

Tho Southrm pan of the countv abouniU in coal, llnir. ," iniDSluiiv, and is less letel Uian the'tniddk. The limalatt i. . snd cliffs of SedRley aiid Dudley Caa\e, rite lo ilir l.k":.; two or three hundied feet, iind fiimislk an inexhitu': ' ' of lliM mulerial ; wliilc Rowley lUgis exbibib a -t r . : ' lariiy, being in iiMlf an inBuUud muuutain, oonipu- dm of granite or primevikl aUme, ending in laix : miminilx, tint cotend ntlh u rich vegeuhlc lAith, point, called Tumei's Hill, is the most elevuteil [.'i south of Sl&ffordsbiK : the olbetbig^best points of It ' I«in, are Oakham and Corney bills. The bue of tl ix composed of an extiemelyluird, rusty-blue colonri', colled Rowley rag-itime, not at »ll gritty ox Ciilcarfiu an infinite number of fragments, 80Rie of ihera ufiiri: holh beneath and upon ihe surface. Liirf^ qunMii: curied to Binningbiun, and other places, for paviii'^ iugroads. The rock called Rowley hail-slune, i« <i ttud similar quality. The xurfncc-iioil ia a gooti <>i tclentive of moislnm even in ita devoted situation, .m a good herbage of grass. The toads in this pari!, nieciptees, and most of theb«ary carriage is perfonji. bocka of horses. The Clent HiUt, 10 the souUi-»i^i are oaupotied of stune-trasli, (traeeia arauura), m < unall fiQginenis of broken rock-sione intenuixcil > jMndy loam : the lower ground purtokes more ol 1 loamy 4Uulity. The xlone-liash appareolJy goi- doplli, and by quickly imbibing rain, rcnilerd tltc >^'i:\ liable lo burn m Itoi summeiB, except where tin- ' retained bv tlie marly luum abounding in lliv surf < Don^dmable part of Clent hills is sbeep-nnik, iln 1 I .gVMmlty with a line turfed herbage: these tiill Mm. I -cqnxl llioseof Bionleyin height, and seem uupalik' ' ' I ui4 hariey culture. Tlicro are senjral patcbes oi n I ihls pan of ibo county, producing licnih, fern, vli . r niiilt gTH.11, uhilc galium.and ihecn's surrel. Ki!:: [ light «T»veily suil, with a grii-rovk batlon, of »iiii ",r Ir,- frrlile. Weslof Kinfare, the Mil di.<!'

-I ' Toiirly loam, more or lew harsh or <\:.^.

' ''iriKton, und Ovcr-Areley, (on < iilien rocky, with anutU frnfiui' : 'I Mime parlH qiitU'tsoM, in oiln 1 - >L<'>- in colour from md to grey, "i '

_ ,e culiiTaUon is llie lanie as on oilu'i sir.i

Bville if fninuus fur black cKerriet ; and tlie pleaMn M EuvUle Uait, (tlio DUtgnilicent sent of the t\u>l ^Hul Waninglou,! are GXIotudrc, and uell itorkcd uiili

^_ uidcrwonil of every dL-wriplion, ainouttst wl

Vwil jNtpundcrvloi in gretit prvfuwun. and Iftofklndtvl n^mtgnivth: Otae ftmuuda vmjauuuul vnoc buautifulj

STAFFORDSHIRE. 3*)

cston<iivtf pri»spects. Over-Areley is famous for fruit, cspeciallv c/^f'f, for ^hich the soil and aspect are well adnptod.

The Xorth part of the county, callecl the MOORLANDS, i!iclu«les about one-sixth of the countv, the whole llnndml of Tiitmanslow. and the eiisteni vicinity of the Potteries. Tlie iuce of ihi< portion of the couutv is various, but in general hilly, \Mtlk lar^ tracts of uncultivaterf land. Cheiulic is situated in a plea- ^ut vale of jTOod mixed soil, hut surrounded by lar^rc and barren liilLs composed of huge heaps of steril gravel. Cheadle-park, u<m in cultivation, aliounds in mines of coal, of great value ; but the hills are generally on an understmtum of sjind or sandy rook, and Cii«'ered with heath (erica ri/A/<imj, broom, whortle-borrie^. mountain earex*s, cinquefoils, cestus's, matt grass, and kna]) weeds all of diminutive growth : tliese barren wastes arc still terv extensive, tboui;h many enclosures have been made duriiiLT ifte laM 20 years. The commons or wastes, lietweeu Chradle and Odkamoor, called High Shutt, Rimger, and AIvct()ii-<:oiii- nioo, consist of an innnensi' number of nide heaps of graxri. '«!tb,in imders-tratuni of soft sni<ly rock, throw iitugetliiT \\iili> 'i it '-MiT'T l«inn, nr nitbcr into cviTy fonn that can be foncciNnl.' .\ nulv l»« the north of Oakanioor, s) called fnun bcinir t<'\« «i'l Aiih il'A.irf uak"*. the limesttme amutnf begins : it cxtcinU iiji [> \»*iL*le tu near Loncrnor, and includes, from the D.ivc tn M«'r- r*.'ii:r. a ^pace i>f til'ty or sixty sipiarc miUs. The «jiiantit\ --f li!iit^t»»hc herf is inc\hau*>tible, and in niiuiy places of iinniiii^e :jjickne>^ This i> the best ]»art ot the Moorlands; the ^.'11 McHi^ r»« have a natunil aptitude for prmhuinir a fine ln'rl»;iir« nl ^.'t;!?*.^ The M'livr hilU are of coiisidcrahle extent, and e.'iii pc^-d of immense heaps of limestone, i^ivered with a giuul e;iK;i- re«»u* earth, capable of being inipro\ed int<» amble and pa-iiiu land: th»'V are enclosed in large tracts by "slone walls, l»iit ih-f subdivided ; and larje breadths have nexer underL'i'ue the l« i^t improvetuent. These hills are \ery lofty, atui nearly a^ liiuh m^ the Mtiurlandsor Derbyshire Peak hilK, whieh may he seen t! 'in

-TV.i* Virrvn trart,impractirAl>k' to tin- plonjii. innrlit In iiiipr>'\' il :!it<- '. l«ad u}4 piaintation, and Kiuie open Byols of tlu- luobi i:i\oiir:it>U- .in|>i «to r> ^< . isrcwirn* la cotta<;f tcnemrnU, ami culti\:ili-<l with tiktr !>|i:iil« iml !i ' ( <- Off rf !i*e«f r»«rk> drcliT-ittf^, to the north^.i^t ff <».ikuin«<»r. i^ i i'i'i\iii-: | 1 " ' tiifQ 'f V. rrh fir, »prucc, uak. lime, hirrh. <v.illii\\. .unl nu»Mi.f uii t-h ti'i^ i- i - '- ll>f« (>« Li:**'^t {fupm^'tmirnt to which tbr- sulv^ nt J>irn-n pin-ijiin » < -ii i -^i !\ kp irnnifiit b\ humin iiuliistr)' i <uid it w<'r«< tn W \vi.h«>l thit ill pn!.:.- ^tnnur «ii«>H-Ti«*ii that otier prl'^lillIn^ fur pl.intiiu'. \v<>nlil limit <wh pn nn r - - fRKiihl^ iin|<r:irtii*,LbIr' to lino pIoHirh. iir nf mu:i11 \ ttiti. ii<>t - \t>-)"li'U' |-. : -parilH raxu. The practic* uf phtntin.; i-\t(.Mi.»i\«-1\ ii|miii liili l»v< '. .- '. pMtorr land, may be consideretl a nalioin! ivil. mm-Ii I tit<l >>«-iii ' mi.*' ii.i . . - -

TW br**^! of iftiix, of the Ion;; h'»rni»il kind, in this ilistnrt, i«^ v i- r ili\ m Ii Ikow of tb«> suotb of the coiint> : thi.« ni:i> !>»' ittlnlntli'il to ilx ptixi ' INwthof rom lirinv chi^'Siy attf/idf-ff t„ in tin- I itt'i W/i i%|ori. v\»,i'vT i.-. ktm» thp pnarJpai ohjrcf.

I - .

40 SOIL AND ASPECT OF

tlieir summits : the fall o^cu from the foot of them to the lu^rhest parts of the Dove or the Churuet, is very pt^at ; and tho«e riven are here ver}- rapid.* Stanton Moor, to the east of these hills, is a considerable waste, on a limestone surface : the limestone is intermixed with g)'psum or alalmster. Lime being much used here as manure, botii on ploughed land and turf, large quantities of it are burnt in this neighbourhood : it has been obsen'ed, that after liming a coarse turf, white clover has flourished abundantly where that plant had not before been noticed. The fencei, ink large tract of this country, are almost wholly oi stone fcalhj buUt without cement or mortar, and consequently liable to gaps gai breaches : quickset fences arc certainly much superior, both for shelter and appeanmcc, and particularly as these walls do not admit of drains or ditches alongside them.

The MOORLANDS, in point of elevation, arc far a1)ove the south of the county, rising at least from 100 to 200 perjiendiculv yards above the general level : on these heights are large tracu of enclosed pastumge. This elevation greatly increases the de- gree of cold, by combining the causes that produce it, and bf being more exposed to the elements of air and water in evenr form and variety of wind, hail, snow, or niin; and the countiy b almost in a state of nature, without any shelter or covenng except stone walls, which have little etfect in keeping off the cold winds : the little wheat and barley sown here will not rivm, nor oats in due time, except the season be very favourable, fhe plantations at Oakover (nartly of oak), are in a flourishing state; and the house, situated in a park well stocked with deer, com- mands a fme view of the Dove. At Ham, farther up the Dove, is a \er>- pleasant seat, which, from its romantic situation, suggests the idea of a glen in the Alps: \\\o considerable riven, the Hamps and Manyfofd, here rush from under the limestone hills, after a subterraneous passage of several miles in separate streams. The precipices that surround the valley in which Ham stands, are well clothed with oak, and other wood ; the

Sleasure-walks from the hall, on one of these precipices, are iversified and beautiful, and resemble shelves, one almost per- pendicularly above another, the sides of which are funiisbea by nature, witli scarcely any assistance from art, with a profusion of flmcen of no ordinary appearance.f Several curious speci- mens of petrified finh arc preserved here, said to be of the caip or barbel species, but which, in reality, are fragments of chert

* ** On tbew summilft, in a very red M>il, the Vpiand BurntU fpoteritim MM' 9viiorh€ifJ prow» in profution anionf; the limeitonr ; it would b« worth while to tnuuplant the young roots, and tave the teed fur cultivation a* winter food for *lirep{ the plant being remarkably liardy, and good tnod tor Mheep or rattle.^ - ni/.

-f Amongst others, native geraniums uf diflTerent sorts, the oentanrea srabiosa,

and other shewy natives : in a meadow over the water, the ramfun, ('aHinm

»nim¥m^tL Bheuy tlowert but no desiiabia paiture-plant, floariihes in great proAi*

SlAFIOUnsHIiih.

-tl

» : s

--....- ^.'i. ,' eiii^'Hlied in tlic limestone rock wlitn in a sUiiv --! -i .'..-/% : -.'!;». liT»it*toiie beiiicr softer than the chert, ijju>i tif iliex ::..rn. !.:< ]T- itct iu the middle, which gives them a resend»hiii«< : v.-V. : fhrri T ii.'ur \t.Tv jlt^-hkI specimens are shewn to thn^t .»li - \>:i I.jiu Hull, whfU' the subternuieons rivers fnnn twi- ^-. r;. ' Tl .:. M ;i ; 1 5 . Tiie hold and romantic IlUh of Thorp Cioufl. v,iK /;--'.>.', *:! iliht'T .side the Duve, mav he seen from rhe^ JT. .:.'.» t!,i iiitttT (in Statlordshirc), is an immense Iwny nt i.i.-- -.v. Uii c-'vcvid ^^it^l a lijrht earth, and well stockrd uiih n' !:*: :t.!\\Tt.ii the«f liills the Dove falls in abrupt ca<c;iHe<. I- r." '. utritiTii.-^ «it liine'Jtone have fallen from the overhaiiirint:" ;-:--- v^ i:ii.« the diaiiiit'l of the river.* MiU-dnh-, nearAi- »-:.' .'l. :- :i loii:r narrow vale or jjlen of g^rcat de[»th, tlu s -- "1 ---''.;i '.» .Ill c'lup^ved of overhanjrinj^ precipices of linje- ** ' ' . ' <-.v...\\\ i\ i'.» l»e finnj 10m to 150 yards of perpentlieid.ir «.-.-/! .. Ill M» vcvv steep that thev can be ascended onl\ m -» I ".:'.---.- ; ilio uidth of this jjlen, at the t«»i», scarcely e.\- :- -i'.^tii i>f it"* *^ide<. The Vnlr nf Manijfnld \s situated -. WiiTi.ii arid I5u»terton, uhere tlie wateVs of the Many- ' -. P \ »l.f ll'-iTirrv under tl I' liiOf^-tMiie liilK. :nii« _. ':-, :ii. 11- !ii, t'l/iis" iiiilr*' l'i.I.i\\. Tiu- vririlii 1 i?!; :. > ..]'. «'..iu i/ivi- ;i v|.«it ii;iin- \\"M aii«i n-iu-nn! -> ! tLi- \:iK'. '/'Am-'v-//'!//-' ( './jv.;//, i'- :i --rii-v'.;! i - , ' I tlij ^it'.r "la b'ri\ I'ru'ij'i-' ; it li;i^ "-i'lii' '.vl::,' !:.! i^-.li.' --{'a (^M'fliii.* fl.iiii']', ;c!i'! ifi.;- Ut 1.: 1. t -:*;. r!i«- ti;>-< "1' (-Mniiry l^"Uh-l:l-^f nf Miii» - -- j. iVi 'iT l!:» .M"-'rl iiid--. Jill'! of S«;ill'>r(l.'-I.i!i-. flu- . ;i-;-i>i'.j'-l«' j<«>rii!':» el' if iK-iiiu* !«» in.-\«u !''»! . .. I. '-J- ti-.>. :- < I \\a-u- lai'd ]j. ii-, tli'.'Uiib -'- eU\ati«i ' ! ;-:. ':.., .11. "!..« it'ly 1ii;;]i nii'urs aiiil {i; .M 1!1m^-i -; <.i .;:". -:! :« - J-arf "t" M'Mii'.im'. A\i li-jc, tli«- ('i««iid-!:« atij, . *. l.i I -.-liill:. and M'»le-e'!|», tlsouirli ai'miiL'^t 'br - 'i :'. Tiu- -- III::;,. Tlu ''uraiinii^ cir liiip vi,i;;,- !i.,«:..|,; ^l ". -I'j*-. al..Mit -i\ inib.'N N. "l" L«.i.k, aii'l tin- i:5i<l<- .-- t'.i :rati nl" r..nntry t" the wist, i- Lonrrall;. im-I;.

-..'.'i.j".'* 't -'>ii!e «'l till- bilK ill tlii^ part i>f tin- funiiy

- --- ::; l-.CL-r tiviiifirdou^ c'ilV-, jiani«ularlv tb«»>«.' < albd

1:.» r. Korni>. r.nd irSTOXESSMAKP CLIMS, ubi. j,

!. .-. «i id laVvre be.ip^ ot' rude and iuulj^'I r»nk piled nijc

.- -"i.i..ii:d Iia\t a luo^t tt'iTili*" a<]MMi : in "-hiim* {-Lu ( -.

'. - - rinjinrii-*- 'i/.«' art' lu-a].c«l |iiLr«lb« :-. ;.t:.' '-vi.-rhai,'..

ir

I -

- ,. 1 !-.- : , !^- .ij t: «N I..I. ..- .!! It H'l::. if ^ :!.

...«.-.. II '. it-ii -: 'lill'- !!- I- ' -!! * .' I ! - ''. "I- f I i"' '. .', - .i*t ..;--(- II -.--- .I'li ' - - h' *\ \.. wi M' ! !

.. V. --, ...

: v.. I'.-..

/ .'

[. .:

4-2 AGRICrLTURE OF

the prtcipices, tlireatening destruction to the traveller ; and some

Kn)ken masses of pro<li}i^ous bulk, have evidently rolled from the

*iunimits. Leek Kocks, or Roches, are composed of a coarse

siiudy grit- rock ; those of Ipstones of coarse plum-pudding stone

f breccia arenaceajj and seem like sand and small pebbles cemented

lugother. It is evident, from the huge tremendous cliffs la

which these hills, and others in the neighbourhood, terminate,

and the immense fragments of liroken stones which lie scattered

in every direction, that these rocks, at an early period, have ben

turn in pieces by some violent con^nilsions of nature. These

^tunc clins and fragments cover a considerable extent of countxr,

particularlv about Ipstones, Wetley Rocks, Leek Rocks, to tlie

\\est of liiish, High Forest, the' Cloud-heath, and Mole-cop

common, with the waste to the north of this common, and in

many other ])laees. Upon Morredge and Axheath Commons^ large

i|uailtitics of peat are dug for fuel. The peat-motites on Mor-

rt'dge arc generally three ur four feet deep, with an understiatom

of gravelly clay. The peat here, and on Axedge, is extrenielr

{Hirousand retentivt' of moisture, and even in a dr^- season, yiel^

>uilicient water from pressure to supply several small lakes and

ri\ ulets, and star> es the natunil herbage : indeetl, nothing gnws

- 111 or near these spots except heath (erica), whortle-berries, the

inttony rush or grass (eriophorum raginaium)^ carexV. and

rushes. One groat obstruction to the improvement of these

lands, is the immense quantities of stone lying on, or 4»f rocks

rising out of the surface. The most sanguine friend to agricuUnre

can expect little more here than sheen-walk or plantation, and it

would 1/C praise-worthy in the landed proprielor< at least tu

iUtcmpt the latter, in which there can be no doubt but their

efforts would be crowned with complete success.

The Ali iTUDEs of the highest points of Stafi'ordshire above the Kvcl of the Thames at Brentt\»r(l, are as follows : - ^The summit ill' the SiaO'ovdshire canal .'k^o feet ; of the Binningham canal .'inO ; of the Wyrlcy canal at Es>ington-Wood .>t»C> ; «»f Hushbun- liill <{.>(); Bafbcacon 7.3l) ; Rowk-v-hill 1400; Bunster 1200; Wcvcr-hills l.'>00; and the sunnnit «»f the Trent and Mersey canal 120 fed.

AoKioi'i.iURK. - During the last half centurv, but few eoun- tics in r'niiiiind have made greater improvement in the cultiva- tion of the soil, and in the breeding of stock, than Staffordshire. Drainiwj^ the fonii«lalioji «if all other iniprovcnicnt>. when fwm the nature o{ the .soil it is necessary, has been practised here upon a very extcu^ivo scale, and executed in asi'ientitie and mas- terlv manner ; gcnenlly with //As, of which large ipiantities are maile in \arious parts of the county ; and indeed they are cht alter and more suitable for the pnrpose than any other material tiiat might be uscil, espeinally since they have been exempte*! from dutv, - an ad\anlage for* which the 'farmers are chiefly indebted to the i'Xirtion> of Sir John WroUcAcv, w\\c\\ \w levre^ente^l

TAFPOBMHIBX. 48

UMM bk FMfiMMnt. IfH^aUm iMtabo beoi extensiTelr ai^lid iB firiow nrti 6f tbD oo«B^, and ICm9 u DOW in mem mm,md§mad.io MvnybaMMdMli inonnnUeaad gnw ImL IhtlaplflMeBliOfliiitbiBdiyhafeDeeaBiMliimpiioV^

te AmUagsMhiB* loAndaoedoB many of tlwlugiBr &niis» nianv >HitiBn to now ptid Ummdi fbfmeiiy in nwkiiMp and iiidbi Ifag iiitoiia ooiyti and aiannwa. Hie gates and wnoes anfMBlIf ftanlin anMOm Mpair,and ihenM»de d Uyinff and linBliM fcidwahaa of late jean been nraeii improved. nnSSl^MSMw Amp& to an eflkiMit impleaient, and its coa- mnelfan nan Men in Many paiii inipiofed hf an indtalion of Ai SWiy JliUfiii naad in fte nortfaem eonnto. The TVtn

^AelMitefallinftninMnta lor endloating weeds asfl into good tiUh, to now in meral use ; and onrli an iDOpstmeted on annum lii^ter and less flan liian ^ey weio ilibr yeais ago. Among the asa irideii hafo kd to ^ bpiofement of the ainrieal- twi of ftaiJBwtoliiWb Aa paitiality of unny^ die noble and other Jnge tondownen of die ooonty for thto most interesting and Qinul aity may jnsdy be considered the principal one. '* Scattered about in different parts of the couDtj, the demesnes of these gentlemen may be loolced upou as a sort of school, iu which the pnurtices of other districts may be leanit, the best implements may be inspected, and the merits of the various stock of different counties may be duly estimated by the practical farmer. Amon^ persons devoted to tne same pursuits, tiie most lively and lastin<r iriendKhips are usually formea ; and this effect has been produced among the gentlemen of this county. To inspect the improvements carrying on upon each other's farms, has led to a social inter- coune, which could scarcely have been formed under any other circumstances." In these friendly meetings, the paltry jarrings of pieties are forgotten in the contemplation of those far more interesting pursuits, which have for their object the cultivation of the soil and the bettering the condition of the poor. The prevailing taste for agricultuxal improvement, which has been so long manifested in Staffordshire, has caused the establishment of two societies, one at Lichfield, and the other at Newcastle. The first is denominated '* The Staffordshire General AgricuUu' ral Soeietfy'* and is liberally supported by the nobility, gentry, and prinapal fanners, whose annual contributions are given in pieminms only to the practical farmers, as it is properly consid- ered that there could not be a fair competiti(m between them and the owners of the soil ; who, however, for the purpose of keeping alive the spirit of emulation, " either make matches among tlieni- Mflves, or enter into different sets of sweepstakes, which of course are open to die tenants also." The principal premiums of this vxriety are given to encourage general cultivation, ratlier than that of partioular crops ; and thus there is offered to the teuaui who shali cnltivatcv '^ improve in the best manner, l\\e (^in\

44 A(iTlICULTrRE, TITHES, &C.

lie occupies, consistinpr <>f nut less than 200 acres, a piece of plate of the value of £50, and to tlie second best a prize of £25 value. For farms of 100 acres, the first prize is a silver cup of jC30, and the second of £15 value. Besides these, premiums :ire usually };nven for the various sorts of hiimed cattle, sheep, and swine ; and £\0 to the person who shall invent and exliibit the best toid or implement of husbandr}-, found to be better adapted to the intended purpose, than any then in use. There are also several premiums offered to lalmurers, who have brought up the largest families without parochial relief; and likewise to those who produce the best characters from their employers for long and industrious senitndc, and for the deup lint»ss of their cottages and gardens. Dtmicstic senants, of both sexes, are idso remembere<l, and stimulated, by suitahk prizes, io habits of honesty, industry, sobriety. Sec. Tlie annual iiiei'tings of the society are numerouj^ly attended, and the shew of stoeli, of every dcserij)ti«>n, is of the tirst rate quality. " The ScivciLsiif and Pnticfjf Atfrivultural Sochtff,^* was established about 3.5 years ag«i, and its subscribers and objects are chieflj eonlined to a ilistriet of 15 miles round Xcweasile. The meet- ings for the distribution of prizes, \'c., nw held annually in November.

The Extatrx in StafTonlshire are in great varii;tv as to extent and value, from that of the noMeman and the wealthy con J moncr, to the bunibje freeholder or er)pyln)lder oi' lOs. a year. The county «;an boast o( many opuleni gentlciuen, who fann or cul- tivate their own land upon a very exteiisi\e scale, and on the most apjirovnl methods ; as also do a \ast numl>er of smaller proprietors, each owning from 100 to :VM> aere<. Tliosi'oflhe latter class are distingui'^hetl as ye<»men in the parish Directories in this volume. .A large portion of the eounlv is held on /eate- hM and copt/hnhl tenures, under the lords ot^ the manors, and the Bislioji and Dean and Chapter of Lichfiebl. Lvwtes are often gninted ; sometimes for 'Jl years, but generally f«>r a much >horter period. In mo*;! covenants, fallowing is considered as necess;iry : - Tlu; growth of hem]>, tlax, and T\\\iQ, for seed, i< generally prohibited or restrielcd to an acre, and meadow land »»ecured from the plough. Tenants are restrained from cropping and lo]t]ung timber, nud from taking more than a siatcnl number of crops. They are al.<t» Innind to use all their own dung on the premises, and sometimes restriele<l from selling hay or .straw, and bound t«' kitp the buildings in repair, the landlord finding the materials. IMany gentlemen who have large estates round rheir seats do not gmnt leases ; but so long as their tenants act with justice? and skill, they are scarcely e\er disturbed in the jh».<.- session of their fauns, and they often rent (»n easier tenns than the Ii-aseludder.

The JhitMintfs \\i this eounlv eompri^-e many magnificent and ^'f*';mnf Seats nf nobility anrf genlT)- ; arouxvA \n\\\v\\, vW beau-

STAFFORDSHIKE.

45

A* «'l

-I UiiiWajH: Lave been united willi the iniprr»vemcxits (»f tiif ::-.-!iit^!ic. l»\ Ui^te antl attention in pluiitiug,ana 1>y dmining: und -uij>r«vui<r ilio ^Hig'g'y and unsound spottt, and in some instauc-es Its vriKkuieiiul and useful tish-pouds, or sinall lakes. Anionp: liie \«mK'ipid «rHts, urt» Trentliam, Saiidon, Iiijurestrc, Shuif- -»-T«"Uu':i, Cbartii'v. Beaude^ert, Haplcy, lliinley, Saudwell, Eii- m1\»-, liiiiiiiidd. \Ve>ti»«, Teddeslev, \Vftittcslcy/Patte>liull,Cliil- l:ii;n"ii. S.iratTi"«»rd, Hilton, Aqualate, Oakley, S\%innerton, Etru- :i.i, .i!i«l rixail, all i>f which uill he dcscrilted at Nu1>se4[ucnt :'.i;:t*. M.iuy uf the ancient /'Viri/i-ZifniiU'^, coiistrueted of \M>od iiiu |'!;i>UT. \*ith little desipii or contrivance for conifort or con- <vii:iiK-i-. and PHifed with thatch, have g'iven place to modem irtiii-'U^ i»f hrick, covered with tiles or elates; and of the siinie '.I'.iv.r.ai':. tlic lianis and other outbuildings have been in many j'lut-* Tcl'uiit.

1 U' F'lntLf vary in size fn)m 20 to 500 acres and upwards and I low --! thrm conipri>e upward«4of 1000 acres; the consolidation .2 ^i:;.ii] fainis having prcvailecl as much here as in most other r.iri^ -1 the kintrdun). The HenU are always pai<l in money,

- -. , :LiuLr likt- jHT-^tMial '=er\ice>ari' still kept up, as inaiiy ' . :- i,nirr their tfiianis io keep tlicni a ^1^^L^ and to ^up]>ly

-.-.:i".!\ with a da\'s team-work. Siiu-t' tlic voar 1S(h1,

: : "- ..- 1 -i.^iiU ral»l\ :ulvauct'd ; himl iit-ar po|>ult»us t'»\Nn^

_- "; - .' L'f \'ri' am-, in snine in>lanris at tJ i»r 7 ;:uint'a'<. and

.:. .. - .-. .: :?'. j»ir r'»d ol'fM <«|uan' yanU, which is almut

i. . ?- AiVi'. Maii\ farms in tin' t«»nntry ha\c ))tTn r.iiM'fl

- -. i " ^-J. --! t'*J. 1"-. p«T aurc. Tin- LTncral rent of tin-

". . -. ;- . i.ij»-, lieeu raiseil -»he-thinl, and n(»N\ varies fnnn

- ' £;:>. '.- i .n.ie, hut ^uhjei't V* a tUMHunt pvi>p<»rtinnate t'» " _- ,: -!» j-M--^i<iii wliieh has of l;ite \ear> existed in the airri-

' .: ! ni.»:k»i^, and rendered the farmer unable tu pay the _- . :. !- wirlj wliicli the extravairanl priee^ that he o]»taineil

''-.t.- l.i!»- u.ir airain^t Anieriea and I'ranee had saddh^l

1:..- -\-:«in nf keepinir up the ad\aneod rents under a

. 'W i;!t.«i .HI --rdiim" to erop^ anil ]»riee'», lias reduced nian\

.---. iiv ririiar'* t«i lite rank ()f lalMumr'* ; Imt t«> pre\ent the

... .-.:[ -j-read "d thi' er\inuf e\iL snnu- nf tlie hirirer ami

. -- ::il land owners lja\e happily ennsulted the interest I'oili

-.Tj - '.N* -. and ti nanl^, b\ niakiii"; a ft rttiin jrtiurtinn I'f IVmid

iJ I t'.J'i ]M. r erni. ; but e\en this floes ni»l reaeli the le\el o|

- :- ".III prn f- nl airrieultnriil produce.

1 .,{:*.-- \ r.tijsiderable ]M»rtion «d" tin' lan<l in Staliord>»]iire - :ii:i::,- tilJi* ablr, th«»nirlj, dnrimc llu* la^t tliirty Mar>.i]ir

* - - '.:i iiiv j».ii:-ln'^ in the count) )ia\e i«cen e«»mmuiiil

; :!iniit- "f I.ind made a! tb»- em l«»-»uve «d' the c<»mmi»n'» and

- - -- -. .I'ld it i- in ^m b districts where indu»«iry is imt ri'presstd

': - '.: p-js iif motli«r church, that wiiib-cr\e the iriealcsi -'.;' '.. ijout.s niatle in thi' cultivation of tin' ^tt\\. Most \d' llu -:-- ': li-'Utniir f" the JSi<hfp awl the J)e.cn and C'haY\«'V *»'»

4<5 LIVE STOCK, WOODS, &C.

Liolifield, arc held by lessees, who arc genemlly the owners of the hind, and consequently, they are not col1ccte«l in kind, but churfi^d in the rent of the farms. Though tithes opente rtsj unfavourahly upon a|^ricultun.% they must be admitted to be t prt)i>crty equally sacred with the land itself, and no admirer of justice can expect their al>olition without an equivalent either ia money or lancl, and such a commutation is generally found to be beneficial Imth to the fanners and the clergy, as bv such an ex- chantfc, the latter avoid the expense and uncertainty of ooUee- tions in kind or in moduses, and the former may effect anv further improvements without the fear of any additional tax upon their in(iustry and capitiil. The most ancient laws on record toucbinr the legality of tithes, arc those of Ina, Kinc of Wessex, vbia are supposed to have l)een enacted about the vear 690. The fourth section of these Lawn of Ina, is to the following purport: - "The first fruits of seeds, or tlie church dues arising from the pro<luct of com, ^c, arc to l>c paid at the feast of St. Martin; and let him that fails in the pa^nnent forfeit 40s. ; and besides, jMi/ the dues twelve times over.^* In the G2nd section, *^ chnnA dues are to be paid where the person owing them dwells, in the midst of winter." The oblations and gifts of the people, which originated from feelings of piety and benevolence were tnuu- fonned by usuage, into a right, which appears to hare been fiist recognized and finnly estiiblishcd by the Saxon laws just quo- ted ; and hence modem lawyers say,' that tithes are due by pre- scriptive right, as having existed from the first establishment of churches, and by law from the period when the country wai first divided into parishes.

The most profitable Live Stock of tlie Staffordshire (anncf are homed cattle, sheep, horses, and swine, to which may be added rabbits, poultn;-, pigeons, and l)ees. The homed caitfe an generally of the long* homed breed, with a few other varieties, and they are here bred to great perfection, both for the use of the dairy and the butcher. A good cow on the banks of the Trent and the Dove, and in some other parts of the county where there are extensive dairies and rich pastures, is said to yield 500 cwt. of cheese in a season ; but .'WO cwt, is the average" produce. Sixteen pounds of butter have been made weekly from a prime cow. The late Mr. Princep, of Croxall, on the Derbyshire side of the river Mease, brought the long homed cattle to their high- est perfection. An ox of his breed was fattened at Fisherwick, in 17JM, to the weight of 1988 lbs., excluMve of 2iK) lbs. of tallow, and the hide 177 lbs. Oxen and cows have frequently l>ccn fed in other parts of the county to the weight of a1>out :)80 lbs. per quarter. C hartley Park is among the few places where the indigenous Wild Cattle of Britain are now to be found, of the pure and unmixed breed. These animals are of a wlute t'oJour with black ears and muzzles, and white boras tipped with /j//tcA% " TViWr natunii wildncss appears al \\\c fev uip\»roach of

iJi jMilj inthU countTtU well aau Doncaaler, and bUM plirw Among die diSerent rarieties of Shup Ht eoonty an the gicy-faced, hotnlew, *iib fine w-ool, -if CknnocV-beatli niid Suttou-Caldlicld; - tin- wliilc-

t.'iiiie---. witb I'liip miipJ, iiitruduci-il frinii Lukthltrsliin'; i;y'uili-Ui'iAri,iiilrtiiltU'eil hy L<inl Itridfiird, Ivinl Aiiwit, mr i-iber ptiitlcineii.

Tn-ni und I'llier river- itlioiinil uitb h variclr of .A'kA, nud ir >4uk» iLl- I'ller nfloii afliinis spurt In tlic liiiiilsuiiiii. a\>. "at Inpf^tip I nw /miieH otirr, sii wfll onlcTcd liy iLv hilt it tr()uin'(l it wn- nice paLitu Ui distintnLisli it fiuoi u." In liUZinilo^' of Slalf<mlsliin.>, Pitt hivk die t^<ar ur - bisbet-ii Miuit'tiiut^ MWii Jiere, iiml tlwt nfrrtat atldrra inH-irnit nil llie htratlis of C'auuiick anil Sultuti-Culdlicld. .L ilic tiiiF of t)ie«« reiitiles k said to W very daiit[ec<iiL<. uu\ p«ai.-(iclis will devour llivin irniL-dily. itii* ivi) Plantamoxs. - ThuuRli ttii; iiDDit'nmr fure«tK nf 1-t and Net-iUiHiil bitvr l<iii|r U^ii strippcil ni ilinr sylvun iv tLi> L-i>ii»ty \< ^(ill ui'U siiH'kcd nitli nil kiudMif limlier, illv ill the ni-itcblxiiirbiHidviif Ahliut'i'-Btiiiidvy, Cliillli)^- lii'lfihiill, Dri>ii|c]iti>ii, Uuiudesen, tlimler, T«tldi.-$ley. uiiu. Hillmi, WrijltesU-y, luii) r)i|HT-.\TcI«y, wliiTU then- ji\ i'3Lii;H>ivr plmiliitiiiiiK, iiud wiHjds iif iiiR-ient K^wtli, oLitainiiiK' .aL> nitd ntluT irc'Cn iiflbc liiivst quality,uud bf "t si/('>i. Tbv IH'itip'i H'aodt, neui Ewlesliall, un- kujiI

-1>* I.AlUiK TUKES, CLIMATK, &('.

the middle, - eoiitniiiiii}r i»H l<ms of solid tiiu1>er, besides 14 loads 1 oi* lire-wood that hroke olT in the fall, and 47 loiids more that were I cut oft* fn»ni tlie top; the witnesses further «ay that the wood- men were oldipcd to ])iece two saws tojyeiher, and put three ineo at eaeh end to cros<:.cut the body ; and that there w-ere cut out of it HO pair of naiths for wheels^ and H,0<.X) feet of sawn timber in Ixuirds and planks. Plott also mentions a Fir tree that siew at Warton, near Norbury, to the heif^ht of 140 feet, out of whidi he si\ s, {terhups as w onderful a piece of timber mig-ht have been cut, as was cut out of the I^irch tree noticed by Pliny, as liaviog Iktu broupfht to Rome, with other timber, for rebuilding i bridpe, in Tiberius Caesar's time, but which the Emperor com- manded to be laid in a ])ublic place, as a singfular and mizaeii- bius monument to all ix»sterity; in which state it remained tiD the Kmperor Nero built his stately amphitheatre. Exceedinglf lar^c trunks of trees, which have l>een buried in the ground, as some have thouf^ht since the universal Deluge^ have beeu duff up in Stafliird-shire, near J..oynton, Xorburj-, Andley, Betley, Wrol- tesloy, (inosall, Woilnesbur}-, and Hanclsworth. Plott considen these sriiTKKnANKAN TREKS to !)€ llrs, which had been planted by the Danes and NorweidAns when they had obtained possession of our island, for the purpose of making it as much like their own conntvv as they could; but which, after they had grown t*\o hundivil >oaTs, wen» cut down when the Danes losttbeir 4lominion in Britain; and all such as were felled on low marshf pounds, and al'tcrwiinls neglected, sunk gradually into the bogi and morasses, to the de]»th of st^veml feet. He is decidedly of opinion that these trees were not buried by anv extraordinaiy fli»od or otiier unusual opemtions of nature, an(t that thev have 1 no aflinity with that mineral subst;tnce - lifjnmn fomle^ wbickis ^ found in the earth, representing the stumps and parts of dtt trunks of trees " which never gnw above ground like other vegjfr- tiibles,^' and will not swim in water.

The Ci.iMATK of StalVordshire rather inclines to wet, the avemge annual ram.^ being about 3<> inches, those of London 21 inches, of Essex It) to 20 inches, of I^ncashire 4*2 inches, and of Indand still more. The air is generally go<Hl, but in the north- ern parts of the county among the Moorland hills, it is extremely shaq*, impressing the senses w ith a greater degree of cold than in most other counties of England. The avemge scale of mor- tality is here about one in .0(^, which is nearly the average ratio i»f tlie whole kingdom. Ejndetnie iliseases are hero of rare occur- rence, though in the mining and manufacturing district around Wolverhampton, the inhabitants suffered as much fnmi A^atk Chi}iera, in 18^12, as those of any part of England, (see page 223). StatTortlshire has furnished man\ instances of longevity, among which, are the foHowing, - William May^ and the ^^'gootlwife A7p/' who died at Ixmgdon, about l«»86, the fonner aged 108, ami the latter JO!) Years; Willinm W'akcki|,o? OulVands, near

vsr.

To ibMB nsMKUCimBbt be uUod x ioag Uit

1 Aati SOtii and MBM tbrir 90t]i

jttn.

am I IfcliaiMiliii u watend bj nnmeiDiii nren, but f&cnue fwrigBblenUhinDrDearibibouudaiies, except mt, wliicli lipcomes iiaiiynl'le for small ir.ift near Bnfloij, l«n miles before it eLiiiT>^ Dcrljysliirc The TittNi- rises MootUnds above Bidiliilpb, and llo»iu^ iu a soullicrlv ion tluuDgli the Potlcries to TrenlhAUi, it bcf^nxto expuiit Bdnw the oonsequence nf a lui^fe river, and takes a more Ij ooime to Sione, Saaduii, and Wiebnor, ut uhicli latter it U1TD9 abruptly to the uurlh, and Houiu)^ tu Burton, il ftemanla laiies ihLs eoiinty ; haring tlieu p>i$scil fram its cadiGuitous route of more lli.iii fifly rnilm, nhieli is onlr :oD6Jbiinh of its journey to the Huml>cr, into whieli it after passing' tbrouf;!! Derli\>tLirc, Kuttiii};linmshirc,, nod ilaJkiie, and Hnlerini; Komc r/f tlic lunst fertile disiriels in d. Id its ciiurse ihrougli StufTordsIiire, the Trent receives It nrabei of tributary streums, ilie princiml of whieh are wv, «bicb receives tlie Peak, near Stafford ; the Taia* i joins it below Wicliniir, after pas-siDg Tiimwonb ; tbe r wblch rises near Caveriwall, and falls into the Trent Dear ' Bromley ; nod ibe Dove, ubicli for » conuderable dis- dividcs ttis county from Derhysliire, and flows tbrougli ftbe most picturesque dales in tbe kiu)(doDi, receiving iu OIK from uie Moorlands of Slaffordsbirc, - tbe Tetm, the -rl, the 3fanif/old, anil the Hamot; - tbe two latter of t take a subterraneous channel in tde bollon' bowels of ibc for a Mmsidemble distance near Wetloii, Grindon, 'Wuter-

r

CANALS AND I

Iheci

SUflbMtb

if Nc'culk'UDilci-1.

I

i moiMir expended.

Lt Lairton, fclwulOaii1«

» of tbe Treol, tM falUwi (be cguTH of IbM r>.' Ibniagb th« vholc iwiiDt;;^«atei'lng Ocrbjibite &>wDt 3 milo N. f of BurtaD'UponTnDl. Tli» gnud wnrk vu filuiDed bj cht -';. bnted Bruidlcv, (mc paje Si3) and ettt-ulal onAtt hlf .tirccti. ^

until the period cf bit dolh. t( *u finitheil under Uii- v

fail brothet-in-law, Mr. Henbdl, in M%j ITTT, bdni »

jrcan kftcr catting tbc first cluJ at Bunlcm, un Julj ';'<

i* in lengti) 93 milcL Itifall uf »Ur rrom its gmi..!

HwtcwUe-HtU, i* 326 fcvl on tbe northern iide, s"! -

tontbcm lidef (lie formrt effected bj 361i>ck(, and tlie lutur bj ML- <

The eommon dimcnsiont uf tliii una] an 39 Tret bnikd at "

and 16 at tbe botwm, and 4) feet deep. At HarecuUc, e Mortbcnd ofSuffirdthin. il puses ihrou^ two cutl; (m -ertbed at pt^ HI. U rrouH Ibe Trent, the Dove, and other r^ b]r -erefll itupcndoni ajHodacI; besides which it ha> manj otbl Mailer dimemians, and a coosiderable nnmber uf culwrtll bridge*. The traffie upon It bas b«n lo raacb ini-'reaied by tl 'iin of brandi cuts in Tarious direclioni, tbat upwards o 1i nnw jMui tbe tummit lock at Etruria ttrej wnk. Tbe 1 U which inlersrcl this count; irr tiif SluffarMire-ami-ff^t t^^Ure Canal formed undet two Actt of Puliament paued in ITvf 1770 ( tbe Birmlnjiham canal, passog thiougb the colUeriea audi Tetbampun inia the ^lovc, and linM extended by a JimcHgm tr braaebing from the neighhouibood of Wolicrbamplon to t and opened in 1834) - tbe /i'grbf-and- Euiaflou eanal, i^ miiea laog. with 30 lockt, and formed nndei two Acts passed in 1793 and

tl794i j!fr AVje; 6'Mifci|'i, the A'efterlaa, Ibe OiMaa, and many otben of unaller exleat, as will be seen on the L-ountj map accompaajini tbis work, togcUier wiih part of the line of the intended "OaiND JCNCTiOH RiitwiT," wbicb i> to extend from a braai-b of the Uan. ehaltet and Lirerpool raitaaj' at Warnn[«ton to Birminsbaoi, and Air which an Act of Parliainrat was obtained in 1833. In Ibe «ma ftu uwUier Act of ParliaincDl wot obtained for the formation i>f the Lanitn'On^Btrmimgiam Kaitaaf; and both thitc g^^'^' national vorkt are exHelcd lo be completed in about lire jean, when we mj hope to ace the trade of tbe south and the centre of England poortns along its nrw channcU, and be able In travel from Loudon lo Ura- pool in Crom ten to tweln hanrs. A eompanj is iir>w establishing 1| thpformatiun Bfu''IUUIaud CcHnlirt /fa</iFa]r," to pass from the li Af Noltingham, Lcinsler, and t>irrb]r, to Ihc I.oadon and Birniiaf Itatiwif near Kugb]- ; and ia a few }'van, perhap*. a line of ti will be niended northward as far as Edinburgh and Olugow, tirud Junction Railway wu commenced In Apn) 1834, in the «altey -ftbc Weaver, in Lhrsbirr, wblcb is to be cioucd bj - itupendout f'MAiClof twenty arches of tixtv (I'M fpaa; but tn tlic oelgbbour hood of KtoSird and BirminBhan, the line tirigioall; Haul upon has brm changfil tot a much easier ninte which pBHcs nearer tu Kveral /"Ukr aurtr populoui bmns and tillagn in this euunly ; and la oun rruMiwv/'cU* ajb-rslion tbciplriiod prv(cWVon^>>'"caQw alUl U

lo U*et- liahincBB

'r^.29

gow, TK"

MINES AND MANUFACTURES. 51

Pirliamcnt to amend their original Act of Inocrporation, and which

vill no doubt he passed during the present year 183<f, after which,

the StatTordahire portion of the work will be immediately commenced.

S«i.T Spiii!iGt VT found in various parts of the county, but the most importiuit

mte9 Are at vid arai ll>ston-on-Trent, where there are extensive salt-work<(, ' (m«

|iace QMt u>d at Hixon, where there are cold and tepid baths, with other ar«-<im-

modalicms for ^LMlor*, (ter pace 6M). Here are alxo several mlnkurfouM uprinyt,

-ituated at locestre, U iliowbrid^*', Codsall-wnod, Tatenhill, Willenliail, Bf'iitley,

Ecie^haFLGayton. Butterton, BniUKhtun, Monmore-green,Grindlestone-edK»*, aud

HiMilQa .- but Most of then ha%'e been Inn:; iiesrlerted, and none of them eviT haA

MTinanwiUffffnt fi<r bathers, except those at Willowbridee (see psM^ 609j In

NVedvood. abvnt half a mile east of Ilanbnr)', there is a Vitriolie spring .- and

iimmmMu Wmten are found in the Hame ni'iefahourhood at Draycott and at Hitar-

mif& and al^o at the source of the Stitchhmuk, near Elmhiirsrt. Chmlpheatr and

Xaer sprins«,)(up posed to possess medirinal virtnen are found in many other parts

«f liK count;, e»pecia] y in the iron and limestone di.ttiictH, and some of them have

iBtelar; saintv and wrre formerly highly venerated by tlic superstitious, and rr-

srived iaueh honour during the ancient lestival called the '* n^lijlotrering.'^

MisiEmiLS. - ^Tbe mineral productions of Staflfordshire arc numer out and valuable. Upwards of 50,()0U acres have been ascertained to coBtAin aa almost inexhaustible store of coaij in the south divisiim of the county, extending in length from Cannock-chase to the nei;:h- bourhooil of Stdurbridse, and in brendth from Wolverhampton Ut W^^aJL The* same mineral is also very abundant towards the north, in tiitf r.<.i:::ibourhood «»f Newcastle and the Potteries ; and also n. ai Cb-:a.'il»- and Dilliom. The coal strata now wroucjht, are mu>tlT fr..=i !> t' 1-2 yards in thickness. (See pa^'es 221, 2«:J, 279, i5(», Mil aaJ .>I7,^ Iron ore is found in abuntlanee in every portion oi ihe coul district, lyin.i? between the In-ds of c<»al. Iron IforAs of vast ex V.'nt hare l-ynz been established amund Wolverhamptj)n, Bilston. Dudley. &c., (^.e pa>:c 175) and they now produce about 2()0,(KH) icins t.i pis-iron yearly; thou.:;h in 1823 they only produced 133,(J(K) tons. From \>^tl to IS 10, the areraijc price of this metal was £(i. .>«. pertitn; from I^IO to 1S20, £/>. 4s.. and from 1820 to 1830, £\. iU. fld. In lNl2 it fell to £3; but in October 1S33, it rose to £.0. !(»*.. and 6cir-tr^n tti £S per ton. Durini; the late war, bar- iron n^c as kizhas^l^per ton. Limestone is still more abundant than oa] and iri'D. e^p«i'ially about Dudley, Kushall, Haywood, and the Moor laadfi. In s*)mc places this stone is of a marble quality, and sum* p tible of a very hiirh polish. Both copper and kad ore have been < x teneiTely sr^t in Mixon and F.eton. Copper is still got at the latur place, and a mine nf the same mineral has lately been opened ih ar Bstbertoc. At Oakamoor, Drook-houses, and Whi»ton, near Chca<iiL, tkere are itill extensive works for smelting; and refinin? ropper ami brui; but tbe ore and calamine are brought from otlier count irs. FfMStotte, Grit-itnne, Clay, and other useful minerals are foun.i m 5taibrdshir« in sreai variety, and of excellent quality, a> will he -<i r- ttnibiequvnt pa/es. The Manufactuues of the county are varmuv. uAoCifflmense CKtenL The most important are bar, rod, and bhtri iwo; east iron articles of every description, ^uns, loek<, bolL^, <il,f tools, laddkrs* ironmoni?i*rj', japanned ware.**, i;las>, china, earthenwa: » , lOicr plate, boots and shoes, hats, silk, cotton, tape, &e. &.c., all ot -Wek ire descriUd in the districts to which tiiey belong. (See Iiidrx. : CorsTT Rates, &c. - ^Though Startordshire is rich in j)ubli»' »'i\a ritiet, its ^oor- rules ^re ash'ifih us e/josv of any othor county in Kn^l.mo; ^HX^Mgriei'ous burden h chicAy to I^eaUribvtcd to the enormou* in amaeoftbe€0mm^ra^*, which ^re paid out of the poor levies, and Ihvn «

J-2 STAFF0K1I.SHIRK.

lor ^oiiie vcais aiii-'uiiud to nearlv £ik),(KK) per annum, though in 1763 thev only Amounted to £2,8o7,in' 1794 toi:4;350,in 1798 to £6,642, in 18(Mto£8,071,iU)a in 1810 to£l:)^7; but in 1K20 they had incftaft- ed to £21,()61, in 1829 tu .f22,2o(>, and in 1833, to £29,792» levied in four quarterly rates, vi/., two at l|d. and two at Md. in the poniidon the county rental. The inhabitants have long made load and impentiint complaints against tliis extravagant augmentation of the county ex- penditure, and about the close of 1 833, a Commiitee was formed il Vttoxeter for the purpose of examining: Uie various items of expendi- ture, and laying before the magistrates and the public, sudi abuses t» they might discover. To the zeal and perseverance of this body of gentlemen, the public are much indebted, for we find that the rale levied for tlie second quarter in 1834, has been reduced from l|d. to M> in the pound. There are 141 ctfunty bridges^ which have been Viilt and are repaired out of these rates; but the largest portion of the vast increase which they have undergone during tlie last twenty yean, bM originated in the great extension of the buildings, and the augmenta- tion of salaries, &c., at the county prison in Staftbrd,as will beieenit page 123.

The Eminent Men to whom StaHTorshirc has given birth, areu numerous as those of any other county in the kingdom. Among ill naval heroes are Anson^ Oardm r, aud St, rineint ; and in the list of its more effulgent literary onianiants, arc Thomat AUen^ a celebrated mathematician, born at Uttoxetir, in 1*'>-12; Dr. Johrniomj bom at IJchfield, in 1709 ; Fenton and Cottw, the poets ; BUhop^ Huri, Smalfridge, aud Xtwlon ; Archbishop Sheldon ; and haac/ralioUfMu amiable and useful writer, who was born at Siatlord, in 1593, but re- sided chiefly in London, as a linen draper, though he frequently visited his friend Cotton, at Rcrt<iford I J all, to enjoy the sport of angling. (Vide page 718.) biographical sketelies of these and many other vor* tbics of Statfordshirc, will be fouoil at subsequent pagetiin the histories of the towns and parislics where they were horn or dourisbcd.

PEP:RS of TARLIAMENT,

Who have Seats in the County of Stafford ^ or derive their Titlet

from thence.

O' The Ji^nrt$ then- the ifran nh^n the TtUm wert crtatrd.

Ift33 Dnkr of SnthfrlAiid. Trrnthiini I 1711 E»rl of DiirtnMinth, Sandwell HiD J7I.5 Piikv uf Ni-wra-tK (nf ClnmVr. | 1H|.> Fml ..f Itnulionl, We»ton Hidl A««<.y drrivM his titU* iivinNew-

castle-iintlpr-Lynif*, hut bus du

Jroprrty in this ronnty a

1787 Marquis Towniihtrnd, see Turn-

worlh. paj;i*aH^ 1ft15 Marqiiiiior Anj^IrHrv, niiaiidviert UIS Eari nrShrvwsbun', Alton ToMeiii 1784 Karl Talhot, lnc:r!ttif Hall 1711 Earl Ferrers. Chartlf) Castle 1833 Earl tinuivillr, Ambassador Extra- ordinary and Plrnipotentiary at Fuia jeae Farl ofStamfonI, See., EnTille Hall , 'Zar/ /Cart of MacclentleUh vide pace (iU6 1 IrtA. - Not of PwrHomnM.

Vi Earl ofUehUvld, Sbiif borough \ Eart Movmtttc»n\«, KTf\ri 1\A\

iHtl) Earl i>t llarrowbv, Saudun Hall 1W)1 Visi-unnt St. Vinnnt, MMford Hall \*^£>\ Visniunt IV-reaford, see Mie 7JB I7H) B^rnn BaKut, BlitliAdd Hall li44 Daron \V:inl,Hinilev Hall IGIU B.ir>in Stafrord,Slatlbrd Castle.Ciwt

(M*r II pied, see yxi^ 113) 17m I»rd Lyttletnn, Haidey Park^Vor-

cesterhhirp, adjiiininjc CIrnt pari A IK31 Baron Wenlurk, Canwell Hall Bishop of Lioh field, «r. Eccleahall Castit Bishop uf Uxford, BUtb Odd Rectory

STAFFORDSHIRE.

;j:i

IIONOURABLES.

F.v\ nf t'zbridee, mm of the Marqiii? uf Hon. and Rer. Henry Edmund i(ri<i^-t -

An;;'i - ry man, ill) mh ill

Vi».-c>iint In^4trr. «« of Earl TallMit l^d> Sophia Camlinc, Vibcountesit Tain- V i v>iv.jnt S^DiiiiU. 31 .p.. wn of the Earl of Wdrtii. Tuton Hill

Harrotrby Lady KtrlH-Tca (irry Egerton, Ma'li !<>

Hon. R>*iirr't Carzcp, and the Him. Ann Manor

Ti-r/nn Bi<liopp, Bmmnex* Zuurke^ Lady Elizabeth Emma Cunliflfe olVn-x

HajVr Ha-'J Crewe, Madeler Mnw»r

H..n. FaJke GrerUle Howard. ESford . f^ly Oakley, Lich Held Palarv

H^'i I)ow:ii;i*r l^dy Chf'tw\ nd, Staffur*!

Hoa ard Rrr. Arthur Chrtw\nd T;UhoU \i\z\\X Hmi. K. J. I.ittlt-ton, M.r., S«-cr« -

I i»/*-«Xre Kei-tor> { tary lor Ireland, Trddenlry Hall

BARONETS.

ItOS Sir Charles WoI»rIey, Bart. Wol-

!ie!e* Hall IMS Sir Jnhn H'mtte^iev, Bart. M.V.

ll'ro;Te»le> Hall 17U0 Sir John Cbetuoie, host. OuLle\

Hall

17M Sir Geiirte Picnt. Bart.. Paliihiill 17»1 >\T (Hvald Mu«kv. Bart.. M.P., Ho:ie»ioD H in

IWO RiRht Hon. Sir Robert Peel, IJart..

M.P. Drayton Manor 1806 Sir Edward Dulman Scott, Hart..

M.P..(>rralBarrH:ill 180U SirThuiii;i!i Cotton Slu'ppard.Uari.

Cnikeniarili Ilali IHM Sir Thnmaii A^tun Clifford Ct:i-t .- bli-.nart.,TixaliI*ark

. 1»J4 Rev. Sir William Dunbar, Hurt..

ITHi Mr Gwiyi* Chrtwynd, Bart., Brock- ] StiiKe-upi>n-Trent.

ton Hill i Sir (ieiii:{r Crfwe. Il.irt.,(l»:«« est.il* s at

l?» S:r TT»«'«. Fit-:» her tVnton Boi's'iey, AlHtuiifn-M.W ur.->i.»w. ecr. i

H-jrt.. .A>|HaJatr Hull j Sir J. Fit/f^eruM, Arniirase I'urk

K.MdIITS.

/«r4l..i;.-o»niI .SirG'-'Tu'e Anmm.K.C.B. | iHl.j Sir J. I). FowI.t. Kt., Burltij-'.i,. .^id If .P. fur I.it-liiirid j Trvnt, (mt piii;t: alo;

MKMBKRS OF P.VHLIAIMKNT.

STiFT'-wr »niKi.: - "^ir 0-»w:ild M«i«.lry, B ift., and Eil'.iniil BuHir, J-'<«|.. f.ir ;;.' S'-rth ltrii...t: ; ai.«l ""ir John W nitti .nU-). Il.ii t, arul thr Rt. Umi. E. J. LiM:i'. ;. f-.r':.*- S-Ath If.Tuiuu. Thi- Poj.i.im; I'l.iri-.s lur thr .\nrth Ihr. arr St.i :..i,.. r.*i'« :r i' Li' k. Ni \vea*tlr. Chi-a-II*-, and .A hlwt.'*' Hmin'iy. For the S'mfh ,')it !..> rifil. pri:ii ipul> W il tail, Wol vrrhaniptim, Pfnkriil»;»-, and Kin.;s\%:ii:< n: n*- '»ii.:t«> "i tin'""' di\i*i'»ns. aerordin^ t<> thr Rrjurin R.ll, h:i\«' been ^(-I .if \>i.^ l.j : \''j' \'n'.' inliihitaiitM nl thi- dclaclu-.I parish''N o'. Hnunn and Chnt r '* \-}:t U'T X\\t I-.:i>t DtM^son ol Wo^^l'«ter^llire.

^T^l H'Ri. - W. F. Ch»'tv>nd, :»nd R. H. CJmnow, r.Mir*. L::mki£I t» - Lir«ieiiant-(i«"n. Sir <ir«ir»»e Aomhi, f« Sir K. l». Srutt, JJirtr >i«c««Ti i:-rMiEB-L\ Ml. - Sir H. P. \\ ir.«Mii:lih\.lt:irt., jc \l. II. Miilt t, I.-<|

M«iki-i pon-Tkk.n r - J. n.i\etipiirt ami J. \Vi-«l:f\v«Hjd. E^qr."*.

1 4aw«iiTH - Lord C. V Y. Town..hrnd, <c the Rl. Hon. Sir Rolw-rt Pitl, IJait.

WuLTLBHAiiPTOM - Richard Fr>er and W. W. Whitmorc, Entirs.

W"ai.*a1.i. - C. S. Fortter, Emj.

PUBLIC OFFICKIIS OF THE COINTV.

Ur4-ijtv!mant Ri?hl HononnibV Clmrles Clvtw>nd Earl Talh'l

VKe-/-ieii/rii«nf - Right Hunonnible William Furl "I D.irtmuuth. Prjmtv LirHtrnantt and Mugiitrali ySry paiie ;>4.

Htfk Skrrijr iltW) H. H. WiiliamMin, Em|.. of <;reenwny Bink.

I'Urkt/tke /'eate - Arthur Hinckle>, F-.s'i.ol Kini^SStandirz.

Ca^^Umjr mud />r/«fw C/rrit o/ f*e /'cmc# - <u"i^e Km n, !N.;. .i -^^ '

DuinhuUfT o/SMmp» - Ho\icrl Wi.li.iuis.»:!. IS-|. !.*<'« :|''»rt.

ff«vriri«9 imtper'titr o/ Tnrr^- -ti. uj::.' IJ-OrM.-r;. IS-. .<t..n'

CmwH9Tf*0t»irerT - Str^fns,ri, S.-lt. x i'n. If.in'.- y , **'.-.''..-!' 1

yarrfyor »/' f Mtm/ff I/fitfyt i - M r. Jo'i:ph /'ijf'.-r, I - ii.;« i'l.

t «iif,/if G^titr- Mr Tiinn.n^ Ihntton^ Stail''*:t\.

.04

PUBLIC OFFICERS.

CORONERS.

I It'll rv Smith, Cwi^nt, Wolvnrhamptua I'hilip SrrkiT-Mm. Ont. St.itfurd William Harding, Uent. Buralem

srn-ni VISION clerks of i.inuTENANCY meetings.

Sir John D. Fowler, Bartoa-apon-Tmt John Cuttlow, Gent Cheadte

Mr. William Jark.xon^LirhMdjtOOowt Mr.Jr.4M- Dell, LuhOff-Id, (City ufLicb.

rteld) Mr.Millim. BiUton, (Seicdon) Mr. Ralph Smith, I.^k, (TotmoBabw

North)

Mr Samuel Prakr, Silvt^riLilr, flor

Pirohill N<irtli) Mr. Ot-onjf Kffii, SU»ironl,a'iittle»tonc

anil l*irrhill 8<inthj Mr. RiibprtWiMMl, l-ttoxeler, (TotmonM-

low South)

JU.STirES' CLERKS, (Spf.cul Skssiuns.)

Mr. WilIiam<(.Samlbarh.fPinliill North) I Mr.T.(rrifnn.Li-fk.(To1mon»low?lor4) Mr. John Frith. Statforc1,(Pirf hill South Mr. I.t>«>, WoJvrrhampton. (Sriadai)

nml Cnttlrstoiie) 1 .Mr. Lowr, ER^inton, (Omuw NortU

Mr. W. II. Holmr^ Sudbury, (Totmuns- Mr. William Gnn. BinainEhnm. ul

hm South) I Mr. K. Shaw, Illntu, (Offluw 8mA}

Hl(5II CONSTABLES.

Sfisdnn <VorfA, Mr. Edw. Stubbf JflfiHi

Ijuwer l*enn Snsthn Souths Mr. Uayid JoDftBacbi^

/»iriAi// yorth, -Mr. S. Penkr. Silvcrdale IHrrhUl Snulk% Mr. Ittiuc Krndcrdine.

Stiitlord 'I'ntmnnslon .Vor/A, Mr. T. riiinin, L«tk TotmimshH -Voif /A. M rK.WfHMM'ttoxftt-r f'littletttmf Fast. Mr. J.Wor.sHV.Stn-tton Cuttlntntie Wr^t, Mr. J. Frith, STutUird

SHERIFI-S' OFFII ERS.

Wi1li:im Smith, Stafford

Jiihn \\ . I^-ik^^, Wukrrlinmpton

Frunris ThornHow, Burton-upon-Trcnt

Wolverhampton Otfton- yortk, Mr. Wm. JunrslicMrid Ojf'nH S^mth, Mr.Jph. Curtis Wr

Rich:ird Thomasi, Dudlej .luhn Keatt'n. L't^>xrter 'rh«inui» Brntlf), Nrvrastit

SEATS

OF

THE NOBIUTV, (JEXTRY, AND CLERGY OF THE

COUNTY OF STAFFORD.

Qy* Those markttl - are Acting M agistkai i.k; + Depittt LiKrTLXiHni

and * arc huth.

[To amid an unnecessani avnmrntation of th * /i*'. timtUmrn^i Villas m-itkiu tt* limtts and hvhurb$ ofmnrktt tnuns art mil insirfvtl lit-rr, hut v ill br luund Mi^ joiuHl to the name!» of thf (Kcnp.tiits iu tlir Tovin ;iiul Parish I>irrct<'rir».l

Acton Hill, 1 m. S. E. of Ecclesliull, (unr^c Hsidderton, Esq. | \<ldci'ley lioiise, 7 iii. W. by N. ol' Chcsidlc, Ril. Wjilklet, Fiq. AlcltTshaw, 1 111. S. of Lii'lifielcl, Rev. Trf\or Burns Flover. Aldriilire HjiII, 3 in. N. E. of Walsiill, K«l\winl Toiijjiio, Y!sq. Altlriiljre R^'clon-, 3 m. N. E. of Walsall, Riv. H. Hardinpr. M-A. .\lniingtoii Half, "2 in. E. of Mkl.-Diayiini, Lt.-Ct»l. T. A. Daww, .Mrcwas Cottajfc, '"'1 "»- ^- K- of LiililicM, J«din BajyjrstW. Gent. AUon Towers, -1 m. E. id'ClioadU', Earl of Slircwslmrw .\nkerton, 2 in. N. of E(rle*ihall, William .Vddison, Esq. *A«|iialalo Hall, 1 ^ m. E. of Newport, Sir T. F. F. Bdiivrliry, Bart. *.\n*lcv Hall, 10 ni. W. l>v S. of Sl«Mirl»ridire, Earl Moniitnonir. AnnilaVe IMfXv, ^ in. N! W. by N. of Licblii'ld, T. Birob, Esq. Aniiiui^re Purkj (i ni. \. W. of LiolxfieUl, Sir .f . Fit/.i;t'r.iid, Bart. A*>/ufnnhe, 4 m. S, by \Y. of lAHli.NV\\V\;\TOS\\\iN(V,V.'M^. AsM^r Heath, 7 in, S. \V. bv \V, of tcaesW\\,^i\. U-^Tv\w«,^iv.

HKXTB IN STAFFonOSniRE.

ivc. 4 ID. W. br S. oC Dudley, Eil». Dixon, EM «- tD. N. N. W. of Ec<:1cs]hi11, Rtl. Cndock, Gent.

kH>U..-1 m. N.bj W. of Suw, Ralph Adderley.&tq. S. E. <if WiiUai, Sir EiIh. t), Scoit.Biin. M.P.

. _ , m, N. t'f Cmnctcr. Murk Aiilhy. Wlvle, Emj.

,JB.S.l,V.tiyS.ofBurUiti.R.F. Butlpr,&J.Wetb,EsM, ' a B^I. Ol m. R- br E. of Lnk, Ht%. John Siwd.

Usll. 3 ni. N. W. i>f Utuueicr, Hv. Monntftri, Em

,4 ). N. W. ..f IJcbfield, Miirqiiis of Anglcwj. *

,^34 m.W.hvN.ofWul«crt»iiipu}n,HT.Hill,E^

Ball, It in- ^- orRagelev.JiiinesO. Ofdbuni, Em.

S. E. )->- S. o( I«ek, Tliuinas Snevd, Ehi.

, 1^ m. W. of Wnlsall, Edward Anson, Esq.

] m. S. W. of Walwill, Juiiics RusscU, Esq.

_»- CwmI BetleT, - Kra*. Twemli™, Esq. f« Mi»» Heiehefc JBidnH«n.Bcdrv,'* GnirseTolIel, Sc tChs.Wicksied, Esqb.1 ^^'iw, jJi».E.'S-E, of WolveriiarapWii, Re\, W.Leigh, MjiJ umniu Halt, 2 la. N. of Rureley, His. ElinabeUi Sgnirow. r^ lBTri*cU Hall. 5 m- >' "f Rupelev, Lord Rjigot. R1j16-1'1 RfoU«i-, H ni. K. of R.igdfy, Bi^lmp of Oxford. Blim.111 H m Sl W. of Lane End, Jolm llancv, Esq.

* nwUD, « m. W. N. W. of Brewood, Hon. Sc'Rev. Hj. Edn.- BfiJpn»Mi (and Hedneifaid.

tBmSm House, Ij m- S. W. of Tam worth .Edm. Peel, Esq. t " - Itill. li TD. S. W. of T»m«onh, Wm. Yales Peel, Esq. BnMene, 2 m. S. W. of BDTton-on-Treiii, Mrs. Sanh Allen. BnchonH«ll,»ii>-S.E.olSufi'ord,Wm.F.Chetw;Qd,Esq.H.P. Bncktm Lndg«, H m. S. E. ofSufford, Hv. Cbelwjnd, Esq. BnmlcT HaU, S m. N. of lichfield, John Newton l^ne, Eeq. ;Bnwin,Hall, 4 m, N. E. rfLichfield, John Shan Manlej, Esq.

* Bnqn II(Mue,4t m< 8-. b> £ of Sitiurliiidj^e, Ed. An]phleti,Esq.

* BfMXM, (Tbe) li ni' B- i>f Stone, Wm. Bewley Meeke, Esq.

* Bfimglium iUlI, S m. N. W. by W. of Ecclestudl, Rer. Henry DdTM Brong^wn, M.A.

HMn-Trent, 13 m. N. E. of Ucbfield, Sir John Dkkcn- mHi, Kt., UeniT CUy, Esq., «c Mrs. Sarah SmiOi.

^ HaU,9t m. S. by W, of Newcastle, T. SHinnerton, Eno.

BTillejL(<da*,7in-W.ofBiirton-on-Trent,MissMarjE.SDMJ.

-fc»lmirfiH»ll,8m. N. by E. of Uttoxeter, Court Granville, Esq.

t Caaell Hall, 5 m. S. W. of TsBworth, Lord Wenlock (ahruail)

l'iK'.eluT Park, 5 m. N, hj W. of Burton, John Browne, Esq.

(liainrs'Hall, 5 in. N. W. of Ecclraliall, Weston Ynnge, Esq.

Ounlev CasUc, 7 m. S. W. of Uttoxeier, Earl Ferrers.

i:lullin«.in Hali, 2 m. S. W. of Brewowl, Thos . W. Gifikni, Esq.

Lltorler Hall, 2 ID. N. W. of Lichfield, Willium Adey, Esii.

l"laSton,a4in.S. of N«i«a»lle,R.Cha»ner,M.D.,S( Miss Booth.

tTeni Grove, 3} m. S. S. E. of Stourbridse, Misses E. & M. Uell.

llmt Hotw, af n>. 8. S. £ ofStoiubridge, J. AmphkU, Vm\-

IKW-wUle. i m. »'. of Stake-Jtfan-Treat, JohnToinlinson,'El<\r

56 SEATS IX STAFFORDSHIRE.

Clifton Hall, 6 m. N. E. of Tamworth, Ilenrv John Pye, Esq.

* Clifun! Rectory, (> m. \. E. of Tamworili, Ilev. Rt Tavlor, M.A. Cloiijrh Hou«jf,5 in. N. l>y W. of Ncwca.>lle, T. Kinner^Iey, Esq. Clou«;i:hs (The), 1} m. W. of Newcastle, Rev. John Basnett (.i)lton House, 2 m. X. of Riigeley, Miss Calh. Herbert, and

Rev. Chas. Savage I/indon. t Consall Hall, 5 n\. N. W. bv \. of Cheadle, John Leigh, Esq. Corbvns Hall, 2 m. S. W. of t)u'lley, William Mathews, Esq. C«iml)erfonl, 2 J m. N. W. of Tani worth, W. Lea, NcW. Tongue. Coton Hall, *« m. X. \V. of Burton-tm-Trenl, John Bott, Esq. Coton Hill, 5 ni. E. of Stone, Viscountess Taniworth. Cotton Hall, 5 ni. E. X. E. of Chuulle, Rev. Thomas Gilbert ^ Crakeinarsli Hall, 2 m. X. by E. of Uttoxeler, Sir Thomas Cot-

liin Slieppard, Bart Crcss\iell llall, IJ N'- ^'^V- of Staflbrd, Rev. Edward Whitby. Darlaston Hall, I J in. 5s. W. of Stone, Rev. Th»)mas C-lowe?. Dennis Park, Ini. X.bvW. i)f Stourbridire,Win. S.Wheelov,Esq.

* Dilhoru Hall, 2 J ni.'W. of Cheadle, Edw. Buller, Es«i.,'M.P. Dove Cliff, 3 m. X. by W. of Burton, Thomas Thoniwill, Esq. Dove Leys, (> m. X. t)f Uttoxetcr, Benj. Heywood, Esq.

t Dniyton Manor, 2 m. S. by W. of Turn worth. Sir R. Peel, Bart. Draytim Rectory, 2 J m. S. by W. of Tam worth. Rev. W. I^ilk. Dunstall, IJ m. X. by W. of Wolverhampton, Uy. Hordem, I^sq.

* Dunstall Hall, li in. S. W. of Burton, Ch.is. Arkwright, Esq. Eccleshall Castle, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventrv. Kdgehill, 2.J in. W. of Lichfield, H. Sivclie, S: T. iVier, Gents. Elford Hall, li ni. X. by W. of Tam worth, Hon. F. G. Howard.

4- t Enville Hall, 5 J m. W. by X. of Stourbridge, Earl of Stamford.

fEtruria, 1 m. X. E. of Xew castle, Josiali Wedgwood, Esq.

Farley Hall, 31 m. E. of Cheadle, John Bill, Esq.

Fenton Manor, | m. E. of Stoke-upnii-Treut, P. B. Bnnide, Esq.

Fenton Great, 1 1 m. S. by E. of Stoke-upon-Trent, Thomas Allen,

Esq., and Mrs. Amelia Bourne.

Field Hall, 4 m. X. W. of Uttoxeter, William Blurton, Esq.

Field Hou^:e, 3m. S. E. of Uttoxeter, John Owen, E5?i|.

Field H»)use, 3| m. S. by E. of Stourbridge, H. Addenbrook, Esq.

Fradswell Hall, 7 m. X. E. of Stafford. Wm. Hammerslev, Esq. * Freeford, 2 m. S. by E. of Lichlield,'Lieut.-Gen. Wra.'Dyotl. Friary, I<ic1ifield, Rev. Lev Brooks. Gorway House, 1 m. E. of Walsall, Peter Potter, Esq. , tGo^brook, 1 m.N. of Wolverhampton, Alex. H(»rdeni, Esq. Omiselcy, I in. S. hy W. of Wolvcrbamplon, James Perrv, Esq. f'iipeu //all, near Stafford, Charles Hewtv W c\>V, Y.sa. ^^round^hw Fields, ^ m. N. N, W, of felonc,\V ia.\jiV\%A'.^^.

Wm. S. bj- E. uC Stuitrbriilge, Lt«d Ljttktoo. -CRufnJc^. Hon. Robcri Corwn, L » m. S. &. I>v E. of Murlcct-Dmjtoo, Bvr. Alott MteDran Huduinniui. Till - r rTiir 11 m. S. S. £. ofWaJ^ll, J. LlUnfau,Eaq Bi^HiD, .1 m. N. 1>y W. oT UcLfieM, Juhu Bnjdfl^. *" " £ lircif<rr.3 ra. N. W.orBinnirm., Ser.^l^p^eer,

.3IB. S. S. W. of BirminKhain, Rev^JaMlTbaiiiu

-,U^; Lt.>Co). NaU.T]ionL,K. H.; T. Attwood, Era., rU.; - TVodr. Price. Esq. j aril * R*v. E, G. Simoox.

sH«D,d tu. X. of Tam«-ori]i, TLonins Serine, &W.O.

„ „ Iltli. 31 ni. S. B. of PfaXriiige, Mt$. AsMWallioiue.

I Bti^Me. 4 m. S. W. bv \V. orStufford.Rcv. C^SWth Boydf. Ibn^in'CoiMgr, liin.S.brE.arNt-wcasiIe.'IMHduniGflnt lAn-m^l, I ui. N. ..rSt-jne, Ed».ir>IMoore,1|t^ Ffffithv'-i II I.. S. N-, W -fPin"i>-_'liritii, Ju.Oamn,i/LD. ~. B. Fhnips,E!qn. t Philips Esq.

Idsi m K. IjyW.of Dltoxelet, C.J.S.KvnotRlev.Es Firk, & m- S.W. bjW. (if Buj;ton, B.Tabberar'.Ge

Esq.

_ _, \V. by S. ofEccleshall, Th( > ffiiBiSife, 6 m. N- N. ~

Em

, W. of Lichfield, Mrs, Rubinson, a

- Mil PctnioD.

' BiDfTk), i ID. N. W ^- of Stourbridge, J. Addenbrooli, Esq.

'Riiikniime Hall, 4i m. E. N. E. of Stone, Ralph Bourne, Esq. inikniie) 3m N. by E. of Euclediall, Richard Alsop, Esq. -HHwo Krk, si m. X. E. by N. of Wol. ethampton, H. C. E. V, Gi«h«n, E-sq. k HbnlnHal! 5 m. S. by W. of Wotverhaniplon, Baron Ward. - Hittier, 5 m. S. by W. of Wolverhamplon, Thos. Hawles, Esq. Hhiii Hill, 5 m. S. E. of Ljchfield, (nul occupie<l). tH<Brcnu, 2i m- E. S. E, of Abbot's Bromley, Hugo Charles

HoflMh 0 akW. of Stourbridge, H. Montgomery CampbflEsq. Hollf BuiK? m.S. W. orBunon,J.Levelt,.''iG, Birch.E^qrs.

-HonjBttsh,l*ni.N.hrE.ofIichfiel<l,Tbos.K.^J.Hall,EsqE.

Btundhill, 4 in. E. by S. of Uttoxetcr, John Covert, Gent.

HboiUt H»11, 1 1 m. S. of Cheadle, Cuptsin Clement Siicvd.

' IbinHBll, 10 lo. S. E. by E.of Lcck, Jc^e Watts RubscII, Esq.

* lugraire Hall, H m. E. N. E. of Siaffowl, Earl Titlbol. Inewtre Bectorv, ditto, Hon. and Ret. AnluirChclwvnd Talbot. Ur Hou«t, 1 ni". S. E. of Hanlev. Daiii.l Bird Buddeley, Geiil- t JoUasoti Hall, i m. S. of Ecclwhall, Ji)bn M. Croclett, Esq.

t Keele Hall, 2i m. W. by S. of Newcaatlf, Ralph Sucjd, Ksq. Kin'^VsUndinK, t{ m. W. uf Burton, Ariliiir HincUey, Esq- t KnTMidrr »""- -* "*- ^- ^y ^- o/'BursIpm, J. Baleman, Es<\. tLmplef, Sfai, S. tV. bj W. cfPenkriilge, Edni. Wigmi, V^-

58 SEATS IN STAFFORDSHIRE. m

Iieaton Hall, 9 in. S. W. of Wolvcrbainpton, Wm. Moidej, Esq. ^

* Lcck Vicarage, llcv. Thomas If enry HeathcolK (See p. 706L)

Lich6cld, r " ~

Light Oaks t l^indlcy )

uell, Ks({.

Lis wis Hall, 3^ m. X. W. by N. of Lichfield, Col. W. Beresfoid. Lloyd House, 3} in. S. W. of Wolverhampton, Rev. W. DaltOB. Longcmft Hall, 8 m. N. by E. of Lichfield, Mrs. Margt. E. Aidn.

* liongport } in. N. W. of Burslem, Jno. Duvenport, junr. iSs^ i t liongton Hall, 1 in. 8. by VV. of Lane End, Kichard KH^wfi^

Heathcote, Esq., (and Apiiale HalL)

* Loxley Park, 2 m. S. \V. of Ultoxeter, T. S. Kynnersley, Eif. t lioyiiton Hall, 5 in. S. by. W. of Bcdeshall, T. H. Burne, Ei^. Madeley Manor, 5 in. W. by S. of Newcastle, Lad3'R. G. Egeitm. Madeley Park, 5 ni. S. W. of Newcastle, Edwafrl Proud, Esq. Maer Hall, 7 m»S. W. of New castle, Josiab Wedgwood, Esq. M J, Maplebayes, 1 J m. W. of Lichfield, John Atkinson, Esq. Mavesyn-Ridware, 6 in. N. N. W. of Lichfield, HugoMaresjfB

Chadwicke, Esq.

* Mavfield, 2 m. S. W. by W. of Ashboum, William Gntrm,

Mear House, 1 in. S. E. of Lane End, Charles Har\-ev, Esq. ^, Morrvdale House, 1 i in. S. bv W. of Wolverhampton, Rev. Tkofc Walker, M.A.

* Milford, 3 m. E. bv S. of Staflford, Rev. Richard J^veCL Moat Hall, 1 1 m. N! of Lichfield, Charles Ryley, Esq. Moreton House, 4 in. N. by W. of Rugeley,\V'in. Hammiy, Esqi .

* Moseley (.-ourt, 3| m. N. by E. of Wolverhampton, Geor|B - Thomas Whitgrcave, Esci.

Mount (The), i m. W. of Sioke-npon-Trent, Mrs. Mary Spode. M«)unt Pavillion, 2 m. N. E. of Rugcley. (Unoccupic^cl.) Mucclcstone, 4i m. N. E. of Market Drayton, Rev. OfBcj

Crewe, M.A., and Rowland Heathcote, Genl. ^ Needmod Hou>c, o ni. W. by N. of Burton, J. S. Spne, Esq. Newbold Manor,4 m. S. W. bv S. of Burton, C. P. Johnstone, Esq.

* Norbury Rectory, 1 1 m. W. of Stafford, Rev. W. H. C. Llojt N(»rlhwoud, 1 m. E. of Hanley, William Ridgway, Esq. Nortrin Hall, 7 ni. N. of Walsall, John Ilawkes, Es<i.

Oak IJill, 1 m. S. W. of Sioke-u])on-Trent, Arthur Minton, Esq. Oak Hill, 2i in. S. W. of Chcadle, R«v. Chjis. B. Charlewood. t Oakley Hall, 3 m. N. E. by N. of Market- Dmy ton. Sir John Chctw(»dc, Bart.

OxJeasttwcs, !> m. N. E. of Stone, JauicsC\cvjea,)E.«v. Pkckinifton ilaU, 3i m. S. E. onAc\ifteU,lR«v.T.\jt^t\.v,VL.K.

W. of Sftme, wlmringfidd Y«C B^« if Cheadle, Thomas Hawe FnAor^ Jbq. N. of WolTerhampton, Sir G. FigoC* Bait . of Maifcet DmyioD, T. Tmnnlow, Baq. I. of Maiket DnytoD, PunMl SaUtoe, Baq. N. W. of WolTerhamptoii»T.Fo«kr,Eaq. W.ofWhampton.,W.B.:^ " by S. of Walsall, John G hfield, John &c Henij Biadba:

r Stouibridge, Jdin Pidcock, Esq.

Borslem, Mlaid Wood, E^.

m. S. by W. of Wolreifaaniptoii, J. H.

.. M.P.

S. W. of Burtia, Heniy Bafli»| Eso.

£. of Walsall, J. VanghMLBatW, Esq.

by S. of Stafford, tWi

nghMLBatb«r,Esq/

V. N. W. of Burton-on-Trent, Sir Oswald

c O. Mosley, Eso. (The Park, Mis. Stone.)

)y E. of Staffora, f Earl of Harrowby, ds

!r, Viscount Sandon.

^f. W. of Birmingham, Earl Dartmoiitl^||

S. by W. of Newcastle, H. Townend, ^^^P

N. W. of Stafford, Francis Eld, Esq. ^^

)f Cheadle, James Beech, Es^.

. of Lichfield, William Harding, Gent ;

-al Parker; The Moss^ Mrs. Case; T%§

re, Esq.

:. S. E. of Stafford, Earl of Lichfield.

D. S. of Stafford, Thomas Hartshorn, Esq.

I. S. S. E. of Uttoxeter, R. Blurton, Esq.

m. S. E. hy S. of Walsall, Mrs. Jane Cos.

W. of Birmingham, M. R. Boulton, Esq.

E. S. E. of Brewood, Edward MondUon, Dry Monckton. "^M^"

. N. by W. of Uttoxeter, W. PhnU^Hk. (r.ofStafford,Ld. Stafford. (Unoccupied) N. N. E. of Stone, Rd. Clarke Hill, Esq.

N. W. of Eccleshall, Rev. T. Walker, f. E. of Tamworlli, S. P. Wolferstan, Esq. r. Sir W. Dunbar, Bart., & Rer. J. W.

W. of Stoke-upon -Trent, T. Fenton, Esq. W. by N. of Stourbridge, Js. Foster, Esq.

Lichfield, Misses Mills & Fumival. W. of Penkridge, George Monckton, Esq. . W. by W. of EciOesbaJJ, R. Hodges, Esq.

i^/f of Dudley, Mrs. Diana Briscoe, k Tkomas Da vies, Esqn.

00 SKATft.

S»iDr«ii H*l^ S 111. S^ of Lichfield, JUmud |

1 iivtiaDerton H»l), 4 td. W. by N. of Slone, Vri S«innenon Reuiw, 1 m. W. bj N. of 8ume, 1 TainHonb Cfl-tio, (partly unoccomed,) Thomu . t Teddeslcy >r^iii, 2 m. N. E. by N. of Fenbidge, Ri^l ]

Ednuil Juiiii I.iuleton, M.P., jMcietu^ forlTdand.

Tettcnbal), 2 m. W. by N. of WalTeriuuiiiiUn,Fiuni

aaj^cdajf C.irbeU, Esqn., tnd MiMTheadon H. Tiinip#(Coii!iii,ninc) H»U, ft m. N. E. of Twnworih, !

fTixall Park ij ni. E. S. Kof 8uBord,8iiTlioiOMAaUfta

fordCoD.sUII.,i5iirt. - Treulbam H.,11. 3 milei S. E. by 3. of NewcMUe,

Suthfrlsnd

Walfiird Hou-,, 4J m. N. ofEwlediBU, John GrhnJuiw, Ew. Watifield Hall, 4 J m. 8. W. of Uttoxeler, C. R. Lnwrmoe, Evi. Wurslow Hal^ ni. E. N. E. of Leek. B. B. Huwlark, B«q. Wailands,3in. N. of N'evcutle, Spencer Rogeni,E^. ' a

Weeping Crosi, I J m. 5^. R. ofStiilTonl, ThoinuSali, Eta. " t Wergs (Tbe), »} ID N. W.bv W. of WoUerliunptoii.IUcluid

rrver, Esq.. M.P. ' J

+ Weston HiiI1, 5 m. W. bv N. of Brcwood, E«l of Btadford. J ~ Hal), 4 m. N. £. of SulTuni, WiUism Stubb*. OeoL 3

n CorreT Hall, 4* m. W. of Chwdle, B. Child, Em.

*- " " i:m7m.p

cslivood ilaf], 1 m. W. of Leek, Jnhn DareopoK, Esq..

WcslBood Hall, 4i m. S. S. W. of Leek, Thoioa* Powys, Em. * WLilley Al>bev, 9 m. N. W. ofCheadle, Geo. M. Mbsod, Esq. ^ WtiitmoTC Hal), H m. S. W. of Newcastle, Un. S. UMntnuing ' f Wicbdon Lndge. 6 m. N. E.hy £. of Suffotd, W. Moore, Esq. ' Wichnor Park, 8 lu. N. £. of Lichfield. Theopbilus Lerett, Eiq. WifTginton I.od^, 1 in. K. bv W. ot TamvoTtli, Hn. E. Claike Wulseley Hall, 1] m.N. by W. of Rtigeley,8irC.Wolaele;,Bit . Walvcrhumpton, Revs. J. $£ G. B. Clare. (See also page 193.) Woodhead,U in. N. E. bvN. of CbeadIe,Th(M.Th<nnp«m,E«|. Woodhouse, 2 m. N. E. of Cbeadle, Rev. Edwaid Wbieldon Warikuse, 4 m. S. W. of Wokerhampton, T. S. Hellier, Eiq. ]

K W4Kds, 41 m. 8. of Leek, Rev. Heaty Sueyi ' \

^ Woodseat, 3 m. N. of L'lLoxeter, Bainbiigge Geo. Abop, En. i

Wootton Hall, B) m. N.bv W.of IItloxeter,D.I>aTei^poft,Eaii.

Wootlon House, I m. K I^y W. of Eccletball, Rd. Beedi, E«i.

Wootloo Park, H m. N. by W. of UttoscteT,Geo. Walker, Gent.

t Woollon Lodge, »i m. N. by W. of Uttoxeler, John R. B. Care, £»).

Wordslcv llou!«, 1 1 m. N. bv W. of Stourbridge, W. Porter, Esq.

WoTston* Hal), 3) m. N. W.'by N. of Stafford, J. Milner, Eaq.

H'rutlesley Hull,4j lu. N. W. by W. of Wolrerhampton, Sir

John Wrotte»ley, Bart., M.P. J^ Wjrie^ Gtoyc, 6 m. K. of Walsall, John Stokes, Esq. Huiett, 3 m. S. o/8k>De, John TtuuncVtff,E»\. yoxa// lo-tge, 0 m. S. by E. of l«\if«!\A,BiW.'t.<iiA««*-

n isTouv

- 'I nil

( nV OF LICHFIKIJ)

l.lCUriKl.l*, :\u aiicifiii ami uilMuiili fiix, i- tij - S* - .;!-. vx'.i ii''*.tt I>i-li««j»rif, ami f"»riii*. with iN ititrinct-. :i ('"/.-' --» j'-..:r', :li "iirli Iim m11\ ^itiiatnl in llir Olllnw lliuiiiii"! iit Ns i' I "»!^*;ir' . ill .i li»jilllit'ul aii«i airivialili Mtu.itiiMi ; !»- in-' n!.« .

. :«.::- --j'v'i valt , "UiPuin-liil ]-} iLiiilr liiii^ «»|" ihmIi raii !.» -_ . .- -..\ .«-..:::. a. »!.«- iIi'«!MiK*' «-!* 1 1!» isiili- N. \\ . 'I I. n'

'.' - '. *^ r. ? » I.. -! Mill -1.1. 1.; iMii. - N. 't r.:i..:ii».::-. -.

. . V» N W. I I'aiMw.'illi, a:pi {.J iiiilr^ S. \V '.; N s !'. ;--.-. -I:-:!* Tm*!:!:: ;ijn.n lii.- {-.i 1 !hi\\i»'.i I.m:!-- ( -- :, '.% - -iiiii'lillji lii.v -»! « -I'.mni'.-.ir.it's -'.! \.:ri li' . 1 -. - :--:-'. !-- '-.^ix'. liii- \Vi «i lliiliii:! !" V«ilx-l;i:' n - -" '. .." . I *-.:-- I i !- liiiiili lu-j'.u iii««' ''\ ii !>.;'- ' ,'

-"---- !- V. J.', i.-i H .ilT lr« .;r iiit. n '.f'lili |. fi"« .I'.ilM-.'.

'"-- --- » ".; ..i*-;i. : I i !l.f Inii: « I iiM\ !- -i- 1.- 8 .1 Iii- ;. . .

- '. --.*- i: i!, vl.iili, i:i J... ill! ..(»'«:."-'. - :;.i. ij '. . .---'. t^pl.J'i': JiMN ]i«u f lit iMii'.a'i' ;:-- i;.»lil -- .-ill '..4 --*i' i«i:«ii\ »li>rrr'.:r.i-l-t.:| //.'i ;-./;./ ///-'. ./ . ;::'':v .-i" .'I'l'Si « i.ri?::. liu' j''iil'"iiv 1 \\\-\ -in .r.i-: -

i -* - ^-.:' '; --.--*; 'i-.\'- I'HM']. 'ri.iiin- N.'.\' .. li:.':..;

*' - 1 ::;:' : -!" i>i-M i;.i:i :.- i {':.- P' ; 1.

' -" - -- :-..- «:t\ . a. .:!-« \'..«v \\, - i.i«.:..-..

V'".. ..--i.- ..i!j! .!-,:-...» ..la \ .'. :.i'.' i -W: . ' . r

" ' ' :-- i?j»!- ?- l''t riiiiii-vi.» ..r()\! .:. :, \. .-(\.i\'.-

*' \''-|. aJ« ^Iii«l5!i. H.i'V.'^ t'.. l-.!*'- '...' -1. .

t!i!i'_..,i .,'.-!.--. \''. li-"'!) ; .I-.. 'i'- -..ii':, :-,- - i]i«.-. I.- ''-I -.- i --;:'- '- I-' .i! .-«::- - i:> ii'!..il''! m: , '^\>' --.-; Ji!-'- I».-.. r" --I -.! -- Saii-l!. v.i aiil Ml li.:.". M' rx' \. ^ *-- '- 'S. I>: I » il'A'.n "riM*!."'.!!!'!! .1 li '-. :\. .lU i -- \«- i" - - - ---'!'.. -:- . !i.« .: '"'11 111 I'lnal i» 'Ai*. «. a- '^W --- -- :- -'

-'!:---

1-* IM -- iMillVi 1\ <.|M ;:. I'..: -..-:--'-':'. i: -- \.x- --"'5"i; i!'! :»!'-. i.-.l ii i? i\irl,i-l -ni!: i i. -'..-! . . i -- ;- - !* i-.U-'t \t*\,- ii.« j: \viil,.M;t ill.- I P-. .1. - '..!.-' \ -' ' l"l''i;.tii^ ^t,-.-»!«.. \ 1/ S/. , |i. -../»,, - s* / /.. ; V,. '. -

I" -. I......

r- .

I - -

iiii''--

'i'i IllSTOBV OF LICHFIKLO.

tiincF, ill differenl directions fhnn tlii- main body of tlie (own, wliicli ccinsisU priucipally of Bird-street (ancientlTMllcd Bridfrf- iincl), MHrkefDitrcvt (lurmerl^ Sadler-slreel), Boar-Mieet, tin- Ma rkel-jit;ive, Dain-slreet, Wade-street, Tamnortli-Etreet, un<) <ireeii-liil). The liouses are in Rencmlbuilt according' to tlietaxlp of inodcrn times, and inanv of Ihcm are occupied by gentry uid

|ier>»iis of »mall independent fortunes. The stivcts arv well ijllilcdand pared, and tlie houses and pnblic conduiI& arc plenti- fully supplied Willi water from (lie springs at Aldenhan , as the Cliisci>. fmiii llio^eut Mapleluycs. The retail hliops nrc numprcMis uiid veil stotikeil ; and ilie ions simcunis and coinuiodiuus. In iht- eity are sereral exlcnsive omfA md hameu tnaiiufactories, and a cuusidentlilc number of malt kiltui and iu the iiei|;hliourhi)iH] are Ihh nitrited millt, an extensive caim-t man u facto rt', and \i paper inil1. The marketn held cveiy Tuesday and FriVtav, are wetl <inp)i)ie<l with rom and proriMont. Here areahui five anTiiial fain fur tlic sale of eutlle, mcrdmudiso, ^e. vix. un Asli-Wedncs- day till till' Friday followiug ; on Olil Slay "Day ; on (he lirtt IVednesilay inJaiinar>-, and on the tirr't Mi'mduvV iu July .-tiid Novcmlier. The iwu first are ehartereil fxirs.Hndtliciithi-r thref were established in the year Itfil, when the «hl W.-<iii,«ii.y marfcet was diunged "to two in ihc week." Karei an- lidil jHuly nn the M.-eond Tuctilav in Septi'mlwr, upon llie liiuiii. about 1 1 niileS. \V. -iftlivei'tv.

pARisniw. - The citv is diijded into time imrithes li/. S| Mary's. St. Mk-haelS'un'l »' Chad's. The Hiiall.-si, but li.r mu^ pi>pnl<>us, is St. MABv'Sinliioh )k all I'oniprii^eil in ihf ^^^a Inl jiart of the eity. St. Ch*»'s tKtupies the imrlh and wi-t, and St. SIhhael's the siiuth nnd cast parta of the tiiy anrl suburbs ; and tliey hate several out-ton n^hips lyiiiir lii';..'ii<i tliv limits of the CnesTv or the Citv i whieh latter, i- a ili-lriil ui an irregular oval lip:uie, iirarly IS mile^ in circuit, ('Xii'iidin<: miutliward toI^pc-hillandSuiiifeiiParh; ensinanl (nU'liiiiini:- ton Heath. Freefurd, and D cm ford ; andnorihuanl to lliv liii'ii' uf Curbomugh and Elmhur^I. Tlie Cathedral Ci.om , «hi<i. occnpica tlie highest ami mi>n attractive part of ilii- i-iiv , iiml !> separated from the rest 1»y an estetuive and l>cautifiii >lwii -( water, is an exempt extnt-pnmehia) liherly, covcrnul liv div Dean and Caouns, who are the only nia-^stnitt's wiihin ii- iHiuuds, aud are entirely independent, not only of the riiy. but <!'

the county of Stafford. The inansiira and small cstn-iKirut' estate, (ane<l the Fbiarv, are wiihin the juriHlietion nf the eouii of the filv,tu«hii.'htheChiM;luLS also 1«en annexed hylheUcloi Bill, as far as regards the cleclinu of parlianientiin* reprt-t-.iti lives; 90 tliat the total nnmlier of rlnlur' \» now aiw-ut 7-') Ninee the vear IH<)l,(lic/M;»i/a(i'>nof theeilv ha> liven ineit frdm .tTlStnlVlII'Isouls, aswilllie seen in tfiefiilhiwiiiifini

PAIUSHES XSO POPULATION. Sg

wd for the propertir tax in IS15, and Ihe nomber of inbnbiii

in each at the (onr decennial neriods nf ibe porliamcnlaij

oenMi*, together niih the number ol bouses in 1821. j

UCHFISLD CITt fc CLOSE. ,

1I» CfaH* Eun-PirocWBl

Tl« frlu) KiInJ>uvdiU

(>DT'Tow<i«uir<.

f «iiMiaiiiiiiri»ihiinHiiiiii<'iiiiiri

I Chnpelry

-TkrClneUla

I Mreiia i> putlir wltUn tl» Count) of Ihc Cil).

O- liiim.IbenBBkersfiidiMnKliinllHCltTudClaMwuaillf 3TTI,ud

It Mtir gfJMam TH, M >Fpan by m nmj ude Id ttel yWiI^JghD Snapc.

Lirr or Strbets in Lichfield. nut MnU » «f» ii. S(. Mli>y'», + in Si. Chad's, and J m Si.

-CoBlirft itnM -iMubard itKct Tiiiiironh gtml

CI»«.rlV)Srm-nr. -RUrkci nmt (ronnirlr hwndcitrut -DUBitRal I Ssdtcritnat) I

The Corpaiatiou are lordM of the maaor, but the principal owner of ue land and buildinp in the city a»d eotuUy of the ei^ ii tbe Earl of lichfield, «ho, ahout three years ajfo, pur- ehaied all Ibe property here which belonged to the laU Uut\o» of SttSonL The Ber. Tteror Bama I1o;«, and TVeo^VWu^

(M

HISTOKV (IF LICHFIELD.

k

l.t'\rtt, Es4., ;ire albo t'xii'iisi\r prDpriftoiN ; awl hero arc likc- wiM' a nuiiilMT ul' smaller /rtv7iom<'r*. The land aniuud Lich- tirhl lia> jrencnill) a <Iih'1> loaiiiy M»il, well suited l« the ^mtli dC all kinds of -rrain and ronis ; and inmicnsi* (jiiantiticiii (»f niioiis^ carrots, and other vcjrftahhs, are raised here lor the Bir- ininirhani, \Vol\erlianii»ton, Walsall, and other markets. Tbt roimmm laml was en«'loMd by an act passnl in ISII*.

ANCIENT IIISTORV.

Lif'iii ii.M) i^ Mi|ij»nsed to (iwr its oriirin to the Sax«»os i^tfr the neiirhlMinrinj^ Roman 'Station of Etncetntn,ov Wall, had been deserletl. Re^peetin^ the etymoloiry an<l siijnifieaiicni of its name. difVerenl opini«^ns arc enterlained hy antiquaries. It is oalh'd l»v Bi'de, Liciilfuhh or the I'iehl (tf Careasse*, fri>nj I ivadiiion that one thons-ind British ehristian«i snllered mart)?- -.l«Mn here in the riiiiii 'jf the Kniperor Dioelesian; in menwiy of whieh niM'^sarre, tjure is a plaee al:out one mile X. E. of the eily --till calU'il ('hrl<tinn Fithi. Other anti(|uaries have >pclr it- name \arionsl\, L'uhftlil^ Linfhfitld, Lichtufiehl, LichetfeMt^ :iTnl LiichvxftliL hilt all of tluin uive to it the >ame <iiniificatsoii,

- - -

exi'i'pt Stnkely. \\ho eonMtler'j the leircnd just notieed. as fabn- li^u*:, and tell> u< the name is certainly derived from the luanili; silnntion of the eitv. tin; \\(»r«l> fk\ /rrv, /er\ ur A/ee. siifuifvins in the S.ixon laniruau*-. a 1 mlt nr nmras^ ; an«l it is evidrnt tbai in inn-iriit timo tlii^ *\.i> aefnally the situation i\i Lichfield. !)r. .lohu^on, ho\\e\er, f'^'ilnwinL*" the former lejrend. and delcr- mined to irive hi^ nali>e eity a ]ilaee in his elaborate Dietioiian', »-:iys, *'' Lirhj [lice. Sax."" a »h.ul ejirea^e; whence I icftffah', the lime or ad of watehini*' hy the drad; iichifdtr, the "rait througb whiehthe «had are carried to the prave; /wVAy/rA/, the field of the dead; a <itv in StalVonlshire, si« named from UKinvred elms- lian«i." Whatever may ha\e been the oritrin of it** nam<\ it eer- tainlv ilerived it- first imimrtance fr<»m the Saxon kinis. About the year <>'{.'), when Pnhn, son of IViubu kinjr of Mereia, mar- ried the dau^:hler of (fsny^ kinir of N'nrtliuml»ria, ami became a cmivert to Christianity, he brouirlii with him from the north, four |»rie*ils, and made Liclifield his residence, as has lieen sft-n at a preeedinir pa'jc. Shoril\ afl«rwar<.l.s, Ctdtln^ or .S7. (7i«j/. cami- to Lichfiehl, and, beinjr dev«ited to a life i>f s<»litude, fixetl his »W/ at or near Slowe Clnircli, in a situation well atlaptcd to prayer and c^'ntemplation ; beinir surronn'hd b\ .a Wdod and baviufT a bro«'k runninir <'b»sr- to the cnlnmce. In H.»H.), Oswy. the con«|ueror of Mercia, e«»nstituted l/i<hfield the episc«>pal See of that once i«wv.erful and extensile A n.irlo-Sax(»n kinphmi ; and the erection «d' the vntlmlrnl was iommcnec«| in the bdlowinj: \ear, by JannnannusAhi- bunlii bi>liop of Mrr<ia.wb«» died a few months afterwanU, and was sncc<eiled by the pion*» iSt. I'had. Af thh e.irh period tin En;rli'^h Bishop**; were ixniarkable for ffirir limnilih ;i;i^/ .self-dinial. T\ie\ ^renci-AWx VKVNcWwVvNwCooi

HUTOBY OF UCHPIBLD. 65

to instmet the people, and see that the inferior clery^ lived aiCiirdini; to the precepts of the church. But after the Nuniiaii Conquest, this native simplicity gave place tu the luxurious manners of the continent, and tlic pride of tlie court and tlic ca>tle extended it^elf even to the sacred institutions of religion. After being the (»eat of a bishop for several centuries, Lichiield U.1S still onlv a humble \inap:e, for in the year 1075, a national Svnod, held in London, deemed it unworthy to retain that homuir, and the See was consequently removed to Chester by Piifr, fthe first Bishop apptiiuted by William the Conqueror,") uhi> Ment by the name of Bishop of Cliester and Lichfield. R/^hfrt fie lA^msey^ his successor, removed the See to Coventry, having obtained ^rom the king the custody of the abbey in that city, founded by Canute, and afterwanfs greatly enriched by Ix^ifric, Earl of Harold, and his celebrated wife, Lady Godiva. R'lWn Peeke, chaplain to Henry I., was cousecmted to this See, A. i>. 1117. and was succeded, in 1128, by Roger dc Clinton, uhii was a liberal benefactor both to the city and cathedral church (if Lichtield. He is said to have rebuilt a great part uf the latter, to have increased the number of prebendaries, and to have :ipp«>'uite«l the first canons. Dc Clinton restored the See to Lich- field, aud styled himself Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, (util the establishment of Chester as a sep;ir.ite See, a. d. 1542, the succeeding bishops were indifferently called Bishops of Lich- field, Coventry, and Chester, having an episcopal residence at i';o h pl.ivf. Covcntr}- aud Lichfield was the usual designation, i\\\ />iOj .|« IJuckrt, on tlio rcsluration <if the moiuirchy, placed Li»)iUil\ Utnrf t'o\ entry, a** a compliment to the loyalty of the i"':iiur j'l.u-e.

Ill D'untsdajt />fN/A, (which was complettMl in 1(W1.) Lichfuld > At -criU^d a** being held by the Bishop of Chester, and as cou- f.iiitiiii; '2't hidts and a half and one urgat of land; including i*\ eanuaus in tillage, .^') iu meadow, and 10 in demesne, and J I hold by 4*2 villans and 12 bordars, with two mills rtiiled .It !'»ur "ihillings. The siinic record says this qn^icopal maiioi w.i> then worth X'k'i (per annum), and had annexed tu it a wood, i'.j'W.iF'U -'!" uini' miles in length and scNcn in breadth, and .-ex oral t'Our iitenibrr>, n/.. Paekington, Hammerwicli, Stiiehbrouk (tinn t illcdTitlicbnie), Norl«in,U*yrley,and Rowley.

riioiigh Rnjrer de Clinton, in the reign of Henry I., addtd ii.iiili tf» the extent and beanly of the Cathedral, envinnu d thi - \X\ with a iliteh, fortified the Citstle, and enndled and nuisteV4-d t irarriMin, he made but little addition to the buildings in tht I ity. for in the reign of Stephen, William <»f .Malni>bnry desciilKt" .r .-> '*:i Miiall village much inferior to a eit\,'* and the (onntiN .trxiind, as being then covered with tn*t >. \x was not till I'^ft.r when Walter de l-mgton wa»J ad>amed to the See, that 1 i»hlitbl j»gan l<» make an\ rapid -.tritle^ towards it^ present inipovtaiue A» tbi'» peri<»d the rit\ n./v i>/;rr>(( rt d h\ (Iiim l.i\«n y^n^-* «

(i(i HISTtPllY <lt LU'HFIELU.

nuicr, Riirl Dhhnp Laiuiton liiitlt h bridge o^bt the Mituier pool, I'k'iuiwd the (lilvli tliat (.niiaii]iiisHHt tlic CItne, and foniMdit nitli n Hiring sti»ic uull. He n\*o expended £3,000 uu a ibrag for St. ChaU. The ^ii'iitii' Lout*s in llic Cliisc wprc a domtioa l>v liim, mill tie nuik- an niltlition to their Mluries. Amoaf ntluM ii|iiriUi| vlEirtB tu impmvt! ihc dty, he »litained » |;iut from hJuunl I. lo hiy a ycnrlv lux on the inhnbitonis furSl years, tn pavf thi- strtcts. ' A sjiort time before his death he l» ^n to buihl St, .Miin's e}ia{)el at the L'ntliedral, where he «n- posed III Iw hnricd; l-ul )<-( livinir till it wis Rnisbcd, he kt iRonrv for that puqiiis<<. lie died in 1%!1,iU)d wasinierTcdtnthi iMllu.-^ni). Amnnic "iIut lieiiefiu'tiiius, he gnve ihc old epimad Ii<m<<eti> llie vieaTi>' rhitral, havinir erceied a ne« AiZan on ikt ca'^lcni side <if the Cinsr, and miir it, suitahle mannons for it TVun and Cnttaai. Helicqueathcd a liinre iiiiantily ofpUutt the iispiif i1u-ehun-h,aiid wata (nvui l>ciicfiitti>T to every hnnk i>l' Ihi' catlitdral fliililislinient.

Ill the ihinl of Eilnanl 1. (k. n. IS?-!), rcprpsriitaliTe* vm tStit SL-iii trmn Liclilii'lil li> Parliaintiit, and the city Kaspmned liy a Guild :iinl (iiiUdmasIrr, word* of Saxim onpn, i^i^rug

ctiH'k. iiiiiriv.U'ri'x'i) l'r..ii] (iiiUdntt. to pny." Rivhanl 1. hid iuvi-rii'il it nitli thi; rii;ht iif puri'1iii>inf; lands to the ralue nf m [Hiiiiid« : hill il v.:!*- iiiil limncrl inin a ri-^ilar mr/mntfiua till iht lir>Iiin':du:ir<l VI.. uliiii i) va" elt'iiilcd ti> llie difrnitT ofia ini-<ir|i:inili''l<'ilv,liv (lie >-t\h- "uf ihilKiililT:', Ia)^^vsses,ntiMi^ am) iiininiourOl'y .if ili>' .sinn'." Tlini iiiiiiiiin.-h aliui Tcslmedll it the priviitj.'!' Ill' -lUiiiii; '111 iiibi-i^ !> l'arU;i!iiL'iu, "f wliirhii hudbrta .l>r|.riu'l in liiv y.n Kl.>l. hy K.lwurd III. Ttil

i-iiufimH| iipiiii til.' ciliKon*. MuiiN-iielv hv^iiiicin Marv, EU»- Iwtli. Jmii."- I.. »ii.| fliiivl-'s 1 1„ a«. nia^^'..f the hifrli <eiisetbijr iiiEeniiiii.-<l >if III', ir rlr.uly liiyiilt> . ivcn in the iinM-t tnmblewM liiiio.iri'itil iii< iir.l. .iaiiii-v IL. haiiiti: i>r<>ciirt.il n sunendK i.f thiiruitiiiiii ikiTlir.. (!/.-iiiid the .'iiimis a iu-» mio. In which hfiiii'.iriHiniledtWinhy llicMyh' mid title. .f.A(:iyi<Tniid.\ltIcnii(i| liul iiia<If -I'lme arhilraVt r-.-MTtaiioii::. In lii''^. uhcii the king^ atFuirs la-pin lu );nin dc'pi'mio. and lio I'luind it neet-tsniy to terii'W lii'f arhitniry tiii-.miri'v hf Jlu''li^lll'd a |>ivH.'laiiiaiianfw restoring iiiriwriiliniis l.i tln'ir aiirifiil [u'ii ilfui>. In eiinse- i|n('ni;pnrihi>. ihriicw .liartiT.aii'l .ill iir.H-n.'din(;s iijn.ii it, w*m n-M-iiLltil, anil the (MriMir.iiioii rcviTti'il l'> llir Hii)i>li! and silb> ra(-iorvi'hiini'riir<'hark- It.

In ihi- CiiTi. Wahs mI' t'lwrlo. I., l.i.lifi^l.l .-ulTiTi'd enoiide^ nidt for ils aII:ivhiiR-iit in lii.' rnv^il iMiw. >-^lH'.-i:illv the Catlie- dial CLiM.', wliith, «liiiidinK ill"'" hidnv (.noiud l>iiin llie rcA and Iwiiiii Mnoiclv fortilifil. -iiH^i -fut;i! nnon-ii!. sicRt-:. The first .tf thi-st- n^iii\u liappiiiid in MmfvU 1«vl:l. vlirn Sir Kichird Oiott, iiiul K'liic I'tllic jiriiiciV'iI jp'irtrs I'l \\iK i:«wnV;,«viiU'rlhe

8IBeB or THS CL08K. 67

Brtof CheKHirtlriil, hdd it for the Kny, md weie mttacked by JLHd Biook ud Sir John Gell, two dktmguiiihed gODemb of the PuKMMBtKrraniy. Lokd Brook heinf a lodmu paritBn, u

vo VBMni

ttii to Imto ouni up hU army within half a mfle of the city, and there Towed the deecraccion or the Gathedial, imploring, at the nme ttaM, the IKfiae aeeiitance fcrthe aceomplishment of his in- tended pnpoeet andjnaying that he might be annihilated if his cause were a^nat He thenadyancedintothecityyfaisedabat- teiyiBDMa-eliwetfOppoeitetbeeastgateofUieClose. His lordship plaM hireaetf vnder the porch of a honae, to superintend the |wpMs of the attack: but, to aeeertain the caniMf some sudden MMlt, he went into the street, and was shot by iNmmb and deaf pmleman of the Dyott family, who had watched his motions nam the hnttlenent of the largest steeple of the Cathedial. His hiishlp Ml dead on the spot, which is now distingnished by a pavement off wUte pebbles, and by a white maride tablet inserted m the ftmrt of the noow, with an inscription in memory of the tfCDt, which, having happened on die anniTcrsaiy of St. Chad, the patron of the csiuediaj,' was attributed by the superstitious amonfc the cavalierR, to the influence of that saint, as a punlsh- meni for the impious vow noticed above. Lord Brook's body was rrmoTffl to Warwick to be buried with his ancestors ; the aiTOOur wurn by him on this fatal day, and his doublet stained with b1o(Kl, sre in the armoury at Warwick Castk\ The gun v,i\h which he was killed remnins in possession of the Dvott family, at Freeford Hall, near Lichfiela. The death of their commi<nder, however, did not much discourap^e the parliamen- tary furces, who continued the siecfe with great vigour under Sir John Gell, and shortly after induced the garrison to surren- der np<in the " condition of free quarters to all in general within tlie Clrtse." It is said the rebels did not strictly adhere to these tenn«, but impris(med the King's soldiers three days and four nights in the Cathedral without foo<l, except what could privately be 4ibtained ; and the inclemency of the seas<m compelled the unfortunate prisoners to convert the seats and desks into fuel. At this periiKl the venerable pile l)ecame one scene of desolation, the centre spire was battered down, the costly monuments de- strnyed, and amongst others, that of Lord Paget, sculptured in Itilv at the enormous expense of iJ700. Dugdale says, " courts <»f griard were kent in the aisles ; they broke up the pavement, e* CTT day huntcu a cat with hounds* throughout the Church, dcli'zhtin'flr themselves in the echo from the goodly vaulted roof; and t«» add to their wickedness, brought a calf into it wrapt in hnen, carried it to the font, sprinkled it with water, and gave it a name in scorn and derision of that holy sacrament - Baptism ; and when Prince Rupert recovered thai Church by force, Cido- nfl Russel, the governor carried away the communion-plate and linen, with whatsfievcr else was of value." In the following month the Close wvi.v retaken hy Princo^Rupcrt, after a Vnaxe i«-

UISTORY OF LICHFIELD.

liflUace mule by CuIoneJ Ra»el, whose fonet; tnffcTcd (rri . Unugbter bcrurv Ihey capiiulBtcd. Colonel Hawey Bkgot v. nuw aypuinteil Ouicmor uf tbe nunsuu i he )ui<l the lnjiii'ui tnieiMining Charles the Fiisl, after (he batllc of Naselir, vh< hii HajcEty left Ashby-de-k-ZoAch, and slept M Govcfh Bagat'i, in Lichfield, un Uw Idth of June, 1H45 ; tliis unfonuim nxiuarch twice sftenr&riis reiisiled this city ; hut ^hirl vn--

rxi of tranquillity, for in 1046, the Close wok nf^i:- ^-' Poiliiiiiicntary furces, under Sit William Brcrt ' wtlb dismantled. In 1661, bj- authoritv uf llii' 11: meot, men wma employed to strip offuie lead tri oflheCallicdM, and break in pieces the Bells. Thu Cathednl remained in a ruinouE and dijapidatod !^lll[c' ull t .. ResbiralUiii uf Cbarlev II.; but in a few yean tifler that 1ui|m' event, it HOI restored W its original splendor, as will be mwii - ft subacfjucnt pugc.

Though ntllw B^annatum, the monastio iiistituticiui »ti BUppreawd, and the Pn>te$taiilit evinced great zeal in the 'J< eiruction of shrines, crucifixes, images of snints, and other >' jccts of Pnpish idiilauv, tliey did ttol deface the exicii^i livhfleld Cathedral, which remained entirv forin^i' ' uenturin, until l3ie period of the intestine warejii'i " Jokn'i, now au hospital foi poor men. is eiipposeil i origlDally a priory or monastic cell, but tho date irl .

- 'moon, though Roger de Clinton, who \i

_ iiro 1127 tilllHO, biiU|ipo«ed Ut h&ix l>i

|< disr,^ide p. if7). Here wu aim a large Fnuav ' > I the FnuuiUHnui, or Giey Frian. It was founded nb 1 1239, by Bishop Starenby, but was all burnt i'> ' It ibo couventnnl church, in 12tt|, when ;> <' ujed llie greater part of the city. After the ili [rUgious hoiiftes, this church was allowed to rt'iu.. . in a sute of deniUtion. In IA49, however, ii IdenuilitJied, and a spacious mansion erected on lli< a. - ;jjyg j,,,,p„ ucoupied by several of the most -n-^>' . nof thecaunty,andUnow theBeatortheRe\ I . idll called llic Friary, and in surrounded by ^i i ' I which httsnn entrance gate opposite the endof Bn^n

the niign of George II. this mansion was thcrcsideiii<

Rawlin», Euj., uiid the Duke of Cumberland bad hr llemhore, wh«i the king's army was stationed nv I I the rebellion i<( 1745. One of its former dislini;i. puils wes the late Wra. Inge, Esq., whose abilities .< i

mnmrnUtWrn dMiw*iMwfatiim ia old Enrihh chwr-

b faot/Hflnj GhnpuHur, -QQAf MklMiel deliddMd^bdl- ~ VgMtod tetfae **jiw«adflolMe» ofdMneyfrianaf

AMfldHK. In 1076,

vMted LkhMd, and renudnaiipi Uie dtr fiNwi J«ly «IAiD Aqmiatd. In 1M8, «* ihetof^St Micliad'k ^^Ub $mt9LMnf§ bj the IfadBet-pkee, ^len UowB down liv m ymKfc iMyvrt, wlnbh did the like damage at Staffoid." ifni^^ A» MHBer of te MUBM Tear a dieedlbl eliyMf j^^ mmmfitAtt^'aUkmuiA townt in Engiaiid, and in a lew weete itiweft amivmwnidseriyioaofthe inhabitants of liohfidd, c*r abofit half of the whole population ; but happily, the city escaped that awfal malady Asiatic Cholera, whicli committed such dreadful ravages in 1832, (see page 222).

Of the (kstle which was strengthened by Bishop Clinton, and of the ditches formed by that prelate in the early part of the 12tb century, no vestiges now remain, except the foot-path, cal- led CastMifrh^ may Ikb regarded as one of the latter, for which supposition, however, the name is the only foundation. The c-astJe is generaly supposed to have stood near this foot-path, and Pennant thinks it probable that Richard II. kept his Christmas there, in 1307, when he consumed 200 tuns of wine, and 2,000 oxen ; but Stowe says he kept it in the Close. Here, however, it is sufficiently certain, that this unfortunate monarch was con- 6ne<], when on his way to London as a prisoner, after his throne liad been usurped by his kinsman, Henr}- Bolingbroke, the first monaR-h of the House of Lancaster. From this fortress Richard attempted to escape by slipping down from the window of his room into a garden ; but being discovered by a sentinel, he was secured and carried back to his confinement. He was soon after- wards basely murdered at Pontefract castle, where he slew four of his anailants, in his valiant struggle for existence.

BoRBOwcop Hill, a conical mount, about one mile S. E. of the City, is generally 8uj>pose<l to be a tumulus and the site of a Saxon ibrt, where tradition says three kings were slain in one of the confiicts during the Heptarchy ; but Uiis legend is not war- ranted liy any historical record now extant. A small edifice with seats has been erected by subiicription, on the lofty summit of this hill, as a place of shelter for tiic numerous parties who ascend it for the purpose of enjoying the beautiful and extensive prospect which it conuDaiids of this and of the adjacent ^\iii\^%'%*

|70 HlNlum IT r.iriirui.

ConunL - Abboogli tine Stephen ^rnnleil lo Bi land Iih eucctuoH, ike ptirilepf '-f p«tt!'ti*lt;tT- » R UJclilliUi Docoiiw hM« yn t>wi * - ''l |"-'"-'t Vtbitdl*; exccjil ttfcwlocnlti'^ 1 Vr tW ouqiuratioii iu ' Sell) - To Supply the 1' F^B %7m. Ml. Barrel, of Uchi.i. |lif wUich hnvt on tho ub*ene. ilic dti- iinii- ; :ui'l « b tturriUvl, " Payabir uu AVliil-Muiiitnv M !i I'BmDk," and ilic ulber, "R. Bnxlor, Dnzcncr, ^ IWMd." In 10)0. Mr. Richard Wright i=Mi..l :^ Ix-iirtiii; Du tw ulmenv, a uunrait of :' |CTMmi>, i(»crih««L -* Bicliard Gwenc. - Bdird Jnnc 4lh, 17^.1, aged 77; " and (lu ^-niiUtiun (if Uie wtsl porch uf Ihe cMtheili u ["Pav^blehjF Bidiard Wright, Limlilieia, -.i ..

Mring a poTtnit of tlie DBlelmica Dr. .laliusi'n ap«vl> >o unwortbv of uoUm, us to be jusll)' i'K<.'1ii P cabinet of every judiciou!) collector."

EAIii,c gF LicnpiBLt). - In KMA, Charles Sluii heir of Uv(irg>c Lord Au1>ig»f , iu Fmni.-F, wtis r

bunm)[b, vliu purcliated, a few ;ears ugo, uf the latt! Mi BSbkffora, u largE cstnte in llie city nnd lihcriies ofLiuhBeldl

CORPORATION. TlioaRh Liehiicid »:ut momherii In pHrllument, Tovenieabr it (iuild and GmldmnMer, 05 cailv u th Edwud I., It «nj 001 elevated to the nuik of Dnartered o Ition, till Edwntd VI. cunfened ii)><w ii ilint booour. It . n^uratiy rweived eharlert from Hary, KtUabclh, Jua«l U., anil Jnnie* II., Iiui lb* Inticr »«* tvwuided, a: WHly I_«Mi Hwi al najte t«i, no thai tlie CDvenilug oluul_ It of Charier II., whioli mnfimiii nil the former immuniUti

CORPORATION. 71

thoB many new and exteanve prinleges. Under this cliarter, the coqKnate body oonaists of a stewam, a recorder, two bailiffs, twenty-one Vtethno, and a town-olerk and coroner ; \iitli the fdloiking imvanti, Tis. two serjeants at mace, a sword-hearer, a noler, uid a ti^ crier. Tlic Bailiffs and Brethren i'omi the Common Cooncil, and elect the Steward, the Recorder, ami tli(* Town CleA and Coroner, who hold their offices for life, if not lemored for misconduct. The Clerk and Coroner is chosen from amone tlie body of Brethren, but must be approved by the Crown. lie has the custody of all records, keeps part of tlir wfcal, and is clerk of pleas, recogrnizanccs, ^c. The Revonler 'and SUnmrd are chosen from the citizens, but must also he ap- proved by the crown ; the latter presides in triab of felony, Vc., aadtheYonner hasUie power to condemn criminals to death. The two BmiliffM are elected yearly on St. James' da^' (July 20), br the Biethsen out of their own body ; and one of'^ the two, m) efectedf is nominated by the Bishop to W the Senior BaUW\ who keeps inrt <d the seal, presides with the Recorder and Steward in trials of felony, &c., and is the king;'s escheator. On the same lUy the Bailiffs and Brethren also elect a Sheriff from anmnu the resident citizens whose office in the citv and county of I.icli- field. i« similar to that of all other hip^li sheriffs in Enp^land, uitli thi.« addition, that on every 8th of September, (bcinfjc the nativity of ihr ldc.<sed VirjGnn Mar)',) he has \o perambulate the himndnr'n'< of ilie riiy liberties, at the head of a procession of the corixuate IWiv. and other inhabitants^ who choose to follow in his train. Tbt>e boundaries are nearly 16 miles in cireuit, incliulin«r all tlieir *innir^iiie<. (see ]ja*re <5*2) The sheriff must be a eili/en, but not i»ne of the corporate body. The reconler, the ste\Nan], the twi> bailiffs, and the bailiffs of the preeetling year, are the cittf ma;/i>trate!t, and have power to hold Courts of (ranf Deiit^ri/^ and to av^anl sentence of (U'atli, or other punislnnenls, upon offenders. They also bold a Court of Record, every Tliur-- day, fur the rec«jvery of debts or damages amountin;:: to lOs. and iipwaril>. Such plea>? a< cannot be deteiniined in this eiuiil, iuu*l be tried before the justices next "coniinp: into the eity, and not our -»f the eiiy, or before any other justiee^.'' The corpora- tion aln*» hold Sr^siuns of the peace, weekly and cjuarterly, ancl a e«->urt of /V<' P^Mv/rr dnrinjr the fairs. Here are also several annual conns, viz, the View of I'mnk-jtirdtir^ tU(f Cimrt of Array ^ the p-eat Portwote Court, and *' j^faudlin\s Caurt,'" ibe latin of «hich wa5» instituted f»»r the punishment of tlrnnkcnne>s, and for the purpose of adminislerinp the oiith o\' ollice to ilie dozenrrs, or petty constables.

An ancient Cervmontf was formerly roiinci ted \\\\\\ tlie (''^urt »f Arratf held on Whit-Monday, and aftfr li.ivin;j bucn tli^ri'?.- liuued ibr many years, was revived in 1?<1<>, w'nh soini- r:.>i thnai^h stripped ojf mueli of its fonner ])omp. |>\i; uc uui1<m 'iiMjfd ihc lyhit-Moii'hy auiwfvwcnts wlikh now take \\\\<\ - ;

ni>T(inv ti-1iill, ilitr.'i' liutlillli' Ip'll

lllrllU.

lliiiwil-liill a'

in'lilutL-<l I'm iln' I'liUTlaiuiniKl nt' llir \r-\\ »ii<l tlio miuiii; in thai j liv-lv «-ii-.n ..r Oil- vi.ir-\Vliiir*iii.liili-. " TW Wieiii i-fmn.i. I m.>'f..niHTlv .iiii.riol «iib ll..- imin iif Arwv arv dtsi-rilo-l l.i I Viu, «- r..ll"«- ;- Krirlv ..u lli<- .i».n,iTif,' ..f VVliii-M..ri.l.iv, llii 1 )iit.')i i-.'ii-tiil.K-> ..r ibi' .-irv.;,ii>-ii.U-cl In in, i,u->i :ir)rn.-<i «iifi &n- M i.»t.. iiiiU BiLmicI whi; ril'lKiii-. iiriwlwl l.j .iiihi iin-rrirt. i (1iiuct'i>. :ii'l<i«ii I'siiitnvtimllv <lrt'^>fil.ni]il ilninis sinil liri.'s,i;fi,iiTt i lliL- ^l>l'ritr. ii>«ii.,'lrrli, ami' kiilill's tr-.m llii- (iuiUli^ill m the 1 UiiurTiilUrt'ui-lLill. ;i iii<mm>iliiu(crl :illlii- ''oiuli-raM txtruniiiT J .>f llio city, iu tlu' |Mhsli i>l' Si. Miilini'l, ulicre a tempvMqll kn'ili is iw-i.il rurilj.irn'iTiilinn. Oil llii- dikuui tlicblkiTI the loiin i> ]<nH.'liiiiiii'il liy llii! ciiiiiuiku i-rier ; tlu- iihium e( all - Uic li'm-^flu'liUi^ ill ilu- IHi'iilwiui- nnnbiif tlif cily, ncMTiliiig lis tln'v .iTv rimillcil. arc I'ulU'') ntiT; uiid.iH ))t.TW)itK owin); suii ami ><-r\iii' Ik ilii- nmrt. t'ullnl > tlii- iiinrt nl' iiiTiiv, or view cf iiirii mill :inii>," of llii' iit:iiii>r aw\ lonlsliiji nf fJi-liKt-lil, an.' ivi]iiivi'l 1" ii[i[niir, iimli-r ]«iiri iif lim.' iiiiil uiiicFLi-iiit'Dr. Afut Ihi- I'l i.nii.iii U rnriiii, tlif c.ni-IiiMt-i, iiiicuikil K tlit' saati iiiiii. \-'..i.'<U' llii'IrliMM, :iml iiiari'li llir>iii<.'1i liu' stnt'I<^ td tbt .iiil"i>iu- iMrriiiilv 111 llii' .ilv, anil simiinnn the il.</(i)tr. iir ittti ,„„>[Mi- "I il>a1 uiml. tu ailMi.l. Ilr iiiiiiii"liaK'lv i.-.iiuv« l-ni. l.uiLiiii;;! Il:i'/ <>r lll>ilrl^,i>i"^' tW |mic>->-ii'Ti, ami llii' iiniitd mtn liiv ;< vullik nM-r oiTv h<-ii~i' ill ilit' uinil. Tin' iiiliabiuiiLt. .11 ill", i-iiliii.-, iiiviii- iIiV i-.ni.i.il'l<-. iiiio ilii-ir h.-usi-i and pir^til IIh-iii "illi riUv>]iiiHii1<, Mliilr iliiiik i- ;inii l.i tlicir altCniLuiK. -II..' .I.rt..tivr ili.'ii. Ir<':irliiu'' lii^ i>»^'>-aiii. aii.u.U il,ri,i i,. ike -il.a IVmhi ii mil i-i.lU I'-rlli llic ii:iii

l.'.M.r

I ihi'

lK'..ni «

Til'

1 n-L'al.'-l

«itl. a t'..l.lc.lh-

)'|'.-:iv 11 f

;.'li ll.l.- ttt-'lltj - IK

-ii

rl''riin','!'lli'nt"|.'ii- Ml.'.l.;M,.llb,'i-01i- i~i.'. <hiiu'.'r>. aiid

CORPORATION. 73

iihtWtnntfi of this loyal and respectable citv. The dozener>

Ckn deponi thnr edioun under tbe belfry in ttic adjacent churcii

«f St. Mary'a. The origin of this remarkable coyrt is uii.

faMWB, hanng codited kmr prior to the date of any royal cliar-

ten. VafioM eoBJectures, however, have supplied the place ot

Mrtorical noetL Some suppose it to be an lUHtitution of kin;?

Ofirf% ia twnj of a Ticiorv obtained by him over the paj^faii

Uig Fiadu; while othns conclude that it is founded upon an

adnvid IB the reign of Henry II., and confirmed by several

«f fii ioeeenons enacting that tbe high constables of ever

TV

^Mmm ihoald oftentinieR new the arms and armour of the men i'u Aar ftmnrhit or liberty. The latter opinion in certainly more pnbahle than the former.

In the Cfterter of CkturUs II, is the following restrictive clawte : ** AnA fulher by these presents we do for us, our heirs, and leutiMori, eonfinn to the afore-named bailiffs and citizens of the said eity,aad their successors : That no stranf[[Gr or foreipriior, aoi ben^ a fieeman of the said city, unless he hath sencd liis apffcnticeship for seven years within the said city, may fur ilic fntore sell or shall expoise to sale any ^aros or iiiercI)aii«li/.( within the said city, (except the Close) otWrwise than in j^oss, aixl otherwise victuals or other necessary provisions and victualliiii:. sold within tbe said city, unless it be at the times offair^, >(> tn be held within the said city ; nor sliall keep any shop, plan-, stall, or booth, nor shall use any mystery, occupation, or liandi- craft trade, within the said city, or the liberty or precinct (»r tin- same, (except the Close) without the special license of the bailitls and bietliren of the city, or the major part of them, (uhereof oiu- of the Kiiliffs of the siud city for the time Iwing we will shall In- one,) under tlicir common seal in writing:." After sufferinj? i\n> and several other clauses in tlie charter to lay dormant for a number of years, the coq>or.Uion, in 18:K), attempted to revixf them, and submitted their "Cow" to Serjeant Ford for lii- opinion and lo^l advice. In stating their case, they said, ''No loreiginer was a<1mitte<i to exercise a tmde within Lichfield till about nine years ago, when the town clerk, by the adviec of sonw eighbouring gentlemen, and with an intent to ejiconrage tra(Ii> in general, published an advertisement without^ any on!er tn C4m8ent of the TmnIv, that all persons without distinction \\er(* at liberty to settle in Lichfield; but this experiment, insteati «>r iapioring and enriching the city, hatli inereasiMl tmd brouirlit i nnwrous poor u|)«m it, and to put a stop to tliis growini^ cm!, the eorp<iration are desirous to give the freemen all the a.ssis(aiir IB their power, that is ctmsistent with their rharter and t}i<:. -wn safety.** But the learned Seijetint, in hi*; answer, said ilit. he was clearly of opinion that the restrictive clause was absolutch void; for as the liberty of following any lawful trade is niw n; the greatest pri\-iK»ges an Entjlish subjeet can boast of, it ('aiiu,»t, - he ajiprehcodt''^ U' tlv^tnut'd or .i/^rnliicd l)y anv grAUl oV v\\»

d uuf[bl not to atUinpt b> [iu[ ii it I Inipofiiig fine& or olLerwise: iBdecd, unless they c I tliBt tliey ^oewstvd Uie power uf exclniliiig Soteigarr- K and jirtsvTiptive euatniu, " liefore ilie titae of m' I juilMednnt lo llie date of ihe'ir oldest cbnntr," In > T nf upiuioii lltat they could uot IcEuUx mahilain nii< ' rliuD>hte iirivilege. The corpoiutinu ha»e »i«el? Hitf<i I wfafilcsoiQc adiice, sa thai those ubo hud berii . I tlie town cluk'B dvertlseineDt lo settle in tlit ni f tliD finet Mid penalties «ith which they were m ind many other " foreigners " ban-

I Knd are pOGsessed urconsideinble pTopeTtif ; hut u l.i

I of dm latter is mrrd; held ia tmxt for mrk'^i-

and public imes, as will be seeu at a subsequent p^r);i

aniaunt of their iueutnc is unlmowu to the public- I n

1833, they folhi»e<l lli« example of Noruiuh, ami i

corpomtiiius, by boiiiinfllhe standard nf oppoutinn i

WuimwTt appaintrJ uttdrr the Great St«l, at Ike rrc < '

of ti* Hmar of Cmtanom, in that year, to inqnii.

milting Etaie uf all ciiri>i>[Htioii« in En^Und. Tli>' i "

idonen who visit<'d LichGeld were thnw who bu'l. i

nine month, succcufuDv ciptmed courts o{ itiqniiy i

(sM [wi^ 137,) tind Ibu other invorjioniled lH>ri>uL.

county. On iheir arrival here, hnweier, the Town Cletk M

, was hu ptunful duty to prewiit Iv them the (blloniug Rttotm

^theB^liffiaiulCilizeni: - "Firil. Ttiatthr Ci>tiiaiW]Mi<(

I tnisdou appciliitcil by tlic Kint; in Cnunell, is, in the nfilnin

I iUb Incorporatloii, an unrun.'.titulional Etreteb of tlie lU

ftPienpitive, and not araicd wi^i legal power In pn>MC«Wfl

lwQp*)wd eni|uiricE. Sreon4. That tlie Oiitli tnkru by f

P Brctlii«n uf this Incorporation on their i.'l< .... J

I dirulge, utter, pabliah or rereal the <.'<»

' ' la i and, liiat its strict olwervaiuu' t'.<

I neceuary voniniunications iu tlie dbcltLH^

I In them, and for the miblic welfare. TViii

J of this Coiporaie body art' ready, by ii full disvknuMr

I Tribunal, of all niati«n MiiriuW u> their t

\ thCRiselvea Irvnn nil charge! of iniuniann^^ni-n

potatiotu in jrcneml ; but that ilii' pljiiii rim^in

retwnd to, and th« ainiaicni iiii.i-i.iu .! ili. u

[Coniinimon itmlf, ivnpcl ilti.'iii if

lrit)[l« submit to sueli ;ni m |i' m. - '*^, on (rrounds ofp-nl [...li.i, i..i >

__ wllh uieriKhLtof iliii lumiiiiinitin

far »iotv Il«>liiilctns lie |i~ " itMoirai In tb'i* city."

Ill I rit»iiW1liiii»i lhiiii,iiiiliiiH iniiihliim.miiilllii J full

Anr aMM^tka iMoUtlaM irfUw mrfmOta, Ae Commis-

' m nch infiiraiuioD as tliey

d«it,i^yfafc fcl ihiliiiiijinMiiiiaijiiiiii mi|^_n

' ' fHraJmi

UutH l» Kin n Sercnl penMH ftvely eime Ibf najd iai§Km Atk wHchig, tot none of tltem i^iwaKd to be " in AiMattk*«Ae eaiporatioB ken tbcdr MMiotinti of trust pro- n* Aml J>. AnnMi Mid " then wen leTni Free Til.- tmltn, hmktn, htfeftm, tiMhrt, tmMt, eord- MMHi dicf heM hj (ub-cAiuter fimn the 0017013- hfjudfm ofuriM; fraeiiniiortliete companies if vodng, and the flnedom «ru Mquked by birth

ilk MS

B ewpofUion need not be freemen u well as Mpank* had fonnerij exerd«ed ilie rirht of '' ~e, but did not do so now; the; took fvni D«i not so considenble u to prevent persons D tnules in the low-n. (6s. or Ss.) Furmcriy llie rnwiiniii 'demanded that stiaogers setting up in trades should earn iherndfea in wme company. Freemen miist be enmlkd bj the lawn eleifc, and iwom, before they can role ; the fee lUics not enaad ten (hilling!). The corporatian hare a recurilt-r, ThaHUna Leratt, Eaq., of Wichuor, who is naii-resident It imi Man uanal ta wpoiat noblemen of the first rank to ibis aAce, tQl within the lut twenty years, when neighbouring coun- kj gtallfun woe admiued. He Eometimes attended )r.ioI ddinrie>( iHed 10 judicial office, but was a magistrate nithin ihecilTa and ha4 no emolument The recorder, steward, nixt <«> wA, wtte aaftrinted by the bailiffs and brethren, sul>)ei't Othe^piMMtianefthecruwn. The present steward isMr. Jer- fb: tba ttewaad ia always a barrister, and is a magistrate in ilii- dtj. Ha addnai attends the sessions, and Las some Kninll aaailiiHait} dU not know wtiat the corporatiun piud him- Tlic IBWB dak maat be one of the corporation by tLe charier. He waaalaaeiwi ef iW peace by rirtne of his office, and had fiis- la^af write and records. He acted as clerk to the magistniles. BMatnd ibeee was an allowance bom Uie corporation for ilir IB^ dxA, but did not know its amonnt. The corpomtiiin ulsu aifik* t»o aeqcwita at nuu^ who execate processes, but d« aataMaa constables ; and a gaoler. They have a treasurer." Mr, ^T, tolieiloT, after protesting' afiiiinst the power of the

tU^tmmwabeted into an association, iLud subscribed to dcfriv Aa^faaaM *f Bearina the otBcc of ihrriff: One membrr -.{ ih'i ikk -mm rbamrni iioo Oe cayowtion, in coii.<icqucimp ofv-Vwlx,

I I(;HI']1^1.I>

I tiin lauaifi were diwlosed, su<l tirn mntunini; mvuibest uf )| I club -Htm nevci caJled u[ time Snn, knoAiiiff tliey

caJled upon until tbe'corpomdM) bad t<w4^ luig tliej' ncYc ikwnnin«<l Ui nerve U» -Mj

He bad no iloubt tLc cliuici- uf iherifTwas lucd its a i

1-i.rpi.n

n.a^ri

'ilie cusiuui hiul b«m for iiuinbenDl

iiivA itjiuii until ihivi eorpnmtiDn coiitd ct.mucl tlic per&nD firn chnMn to ofliM: OS rcniUlv lis ihe iliinl or ioiirth, but the^ knrw b to do ilmi. lit liiid b««ii(iincenieil in every elevtiua ri

and in ih&LUMi- In 1801, the vuiporatiuu look upon H .

10 mokebeancn of any inhuhiunti fiienilly to tbeir CMueffj nuwleSSG; lli«v nuule Dr. HarvriHHl. ubJaclcEmitb, mdAaJ Ut. Remini^un, a iliucmakcr. EikIi man paid a KutSMd mvK known hj the niuuc of " giiinen pigik" A hnaihytj newt, lit a» many u! ilirrc were persons (u be admith I put into a pum; and tlie Miine pucse, and lie Imlievad, I lentSi wtiii the ruund of tlio lUITeTCuI (.'iimpanies. JU I tliB intcr«t (or nbicli lie (Mr. Pnn) won cuntenied, t to try the qneslion of tbi.i inina to nuilict bt V ooine to trial, berauEC tlie dfft4idaut», vilio«e I couducted by tli« town clerk, Hubniilled f i jnil^lncul I In wferal tii>ii»ni:eH llic dcfcniUut^ puid the cu^u; in L were paid by tlie jiUintiHs; nearly loliieauiounlof^U I 17W. tlic cr>rponilinu Wok a <OTy active part in llie I and, he hoUcvcd, paid £1,200 tpwonls ici be bad no k knowing this, Tlie aeeounts of the corpoTBtiou ntrte r I Ifshed ; And be did n|>l know tlial the cnriwiation had tlie chnrilieK Mihtervicnt to etccticm purpose. He llioi I admUiistmtiuu of justice hero, wiie as well, if not better, I tnoBt to»ui of ibis deKiiplloii ; but thuTc could lie no t, I ibnl It would lie more siitisfa«tory if cnmpetent Ic^ m\ 1 preuded. Quostious uf settlnnem, and queatiou* oC j~ r wete iiimftlly deferred until Mr. Jerki» cuiUd atl«ttd..t' l-magittnus did nnl try iiucstionn of Ufe nnd death '*" f lint llicy did tnuisputlnble ofTenveBi. Tlie |toaipoi ' liont till Mr. JerviB could attend, wat ccni^inly h Did not know tbal llie eotporalion lei thefa pnipefti

By the Jiefann Aet, paswd iu 1833, tbe Catbetbi wmexed to the city anil county of tlie vily to vote ft_ _ nxntury RepreseututiteK. The ri^ki i.f rCrriion t& in A* roniurate niiyriBlrntc*, froeholdets c»f 10s. per aunuin (i wtliiiu 7 mikv). liuKIWCC licilders, and curullvd fnwnieu It &nd lot. The oiunlier of el<X'lji)n> ift about 7iW. The the Tclumitii; olHt'eti uid the present Mrmlirri of Par for Lic'hlield, are Oencml Sir Ueurire Anion. K. C D. (e tiw E,ti\ of IJchlidJ), HUd Sit Edward Dtdinan Sroil,

tbetbiiq

^

n

CoaroBAnoii op Lichpiblih (1883-4).

I

Bdw^ 8tifi§er) Esq.

Mr.T.StilpliHL Mr. That. Oflou Xmhoi Vr.W.fltiMli« MbEiwul^Mi

Mr. SioMNi Mor|ui Mr. Edwwd Wyfttt Mr. ItanM Johmon Mr.TlMNMMAddie JaflMt RawtOB, M. D. Mr. Qmtgii Dtdion

HIMUm, mA Havy Wr%bt -TlwiM Briljrt. I CUg CWcr - TImbm Bobcrtt.

The On&» Hall, in Bou'-stiieet, opporita the end of Bread- vufaBt-flreeC, is add to occupy the site of a religious house, aacicatlj belonging to the fraternity of St Mary and St John the BiqplisL It is a neat stone edifice with a iiandsome pedi- ment, adorned with a basso-relievo of the cathedral, and of tlic city aims, which latter represent a field of dead bodies, in ullu- fiflia to the supposed signification of the word Lichfield. Tlio entiaaee-hall ts spacious; and in the rear are apartments in wfaiek the members of the corporation transact puolic business. The basement story and the premises behind the Guild Hall, lora the City Gaol and House of Correction, where debtors, felons <uid misdemeanors, apprehended within the city and eomty of Lichfield, are confined. These prisons contain eleven rooms'and cells, and three vards, but do not admit of pT()])er dasdHcatlon. In a report made by the corporation, in 18*23, ii vai stated, that it would be a great hardship to the inhabitants of the citT to enlarge the prisons, at their expence, so as to adapt them to the regulations required by the new act; and that the Sfcnge number of prisoners therein does not require the same ; AeR Ddng at some periods no prisoners in the gaol for months ; and for th^ same reasons, the appointment of a reprular and surgeon, at a fixed salary, would impose a heavy wwsry burden, - ^the occasions for tlie surgeon bein{>: mij teamarsT)'. By an act of 5. Geo. IV., Lichfield has been MHlplsa from the general provisions of the Gaol Act; as the HMsr of prisoners there at one time seldom exceeds 12 or 18.

CATHEDRAL.

UeUeld Cathedral, situated in a spacious Close, skirted l>y mnjlMmdsome mansions, is an object of just veneration, and onir sC fm Mililest religious fabrics iu this kingdom. The pehinl ;v\ vUriblt wm» ifrifinallr founded is uncertain; but that cvc\\\ w

a 2

78 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL.

(iceuerally supposed to have taken pLoce a1)out Uie year 667, during the presidency of Bishop Jarumannus,* the immediate

{)redccessor of the famous St. Chad, who, Bede says, ** had built limself an habitation not far removed from the church ; wherein he was wont to pray, and read with a few, that is, seven or eight of the brethren, as often as he had any spare time from the hihonr and ministr}' of the word." In the year 700, Bishop Hedda enhurged and partly rebuilt the cathedral, which was then formed principally of wood. He dedicated the renovated fabric to St Chad, and removed to it the bones of that saint, from Stowe Church, in the north-eastern suburbs of the city. Roger de Clin- ton, whose beneficence to Lichfield we have already mentioned, demolished the old catliedral, about a. n. 1130, and erected a great part of the present magnificent edifice. Walter de Lang- ton, who succeeded to the bishopric in 1296, built that part of it which is called St. Mary's chapel, as well as the cloisters ; and he also expended jC2006 in raising a shrine to the memory of St. Chad. This splendid monument, and many of the other treasures of the catliedral, were seized by Henry VIIL, at the time of the Reformation. In 1269, Henry III. granted permis- sion to ihe Dean and Chapter to get stone out of the forest of Hopwas, for the enlargement of their catliedral, which was not finished till about 1420. From this period the buildings remained in a good state of prcscn-ation till Uic Civil wars in die reigu of Cliarles I., when tnev sufiered considerable damage in the sieges already described ; f)ut were subsequently renewed by Bishop Hackett,t ^'ho was appointed to the See immediately after the Restoration. On his arrival at Lichfield, this pious prelate " found his cathedral in an indescribable state of niiii : 2000 cannon shot, and 1,500 hand-grenadoes having been discharged a«r«iinst it." He resolved to restore the venerable fabric to its former grandeur ; and on the morning following his arrival, be roused his servants by break of day, and set his own coach-horsef, with teams, and hired labourers, to remove the nibbish. By his own liberal contributions, the benefactions of the Dean and

* Tpon this supposition, the church built by Oxwy, in (Hjfty (wlieii he constitntfd Lichfield an episcopal Sec,) and dedicated by him to St. Peter and St. Mary, cannot have »tood upon this Bp<it ; if it did, it is clear the original foundation of the cathe- dral roust have taken place /Ae», a.<t the mother church of ever> bishop^s dioce«e is a cathedral. It is ver> probable, that the church, which Oswy begun, was BOt finished till the time of Bishop Jarumannus.

^ Bishop Hackett. - A noble instance of magnanimity and heroic fortitude is recorded of this prelate, during the )>erH«Mrution of the established church by the Puritans. Notwithstanding the severe penaltien enacted to prevent it, he con- tinued to read the liturgy regularly in his church of St. Andrew's, Holborn. In consequence of tlii>, a Merjeant, with a file of men, entered the church and threat- ened him with instant death if he did not desist. '* Soldiers,** said the intrepid Hackett, **l am doin^i my duty : do you yours ;** and with a more audible Toirr pmeeeded in the nenrice. Tlie soldiers, astonished at his undaunted composure, ic/t tbe cburcb without doing him the slightc^\ injurx .

BBPAIBS, PAtHTBD WINDOWS, &C. 70

li-

Cliftar,«iiA A0 Moaey wMch he collected by apenonal applj cwa 10 evwf mmtittmam in his diocese, Uns qpinted prelate, in theiyaiee tif e^^TeuSy cooralelely nstoved the naffmficence of the cetWifliil tave admintni of the countiy ; and he le-conse- cnlnd it wiA pMt pmp ^^d aolemnity, haYii^ composed an

e n the impoftant oocwdon. The cost of the to 49008. Is. 7H9 of which, iei,083. 12s., was An Biehop oat ^ his own pnne. In 1788, tlie DRm^y lemived and heantined, under the direc- tioA dr Ib^ WjratL *e emitect, at the cost of £6000, raised by lahK^pdoB. At nia time the pulpit and pews in the nave vferc nmnwmf ihm daeayed Wok floor taken up, and replaced by a new aaa etf^arceBent stone, fiom Hopton, in Defbrshire. The dbeir wan tko aalannd bj taking doini the screen tnat separated itfiMHiti.llBiy^eiiapeL In 1797, the groins, walls, and roof

oC An mA ttnaept were repaired : the whole edifice completely

» s|Miie taken down a considerable way an^

rebdlcaad saw bnttxesses erected to suppoit the south tran- sept, ne beantj and magnificence of tne edifice has also been gieatljr enhsnced, by the addition of some paints uin- ilows, nom the dissolved Abbey of Heickenrode, in Gennany : this Tahmhle purchase was obtained by the Dean and Chapter, thnm^ the lioenUity of the late Sir Brooke Bootlibv, wlio made the acquisition when travelling on the Continent, for the small samor£SM)0.,and generously transferred to them bis barj^in, esti- mated at £10,000. These windows were painted at tlie period when the art had attained its highest degree of perfection, and are ooosMiered by connoisseurs as very valuable ana choice specimens. Several modem stained glass windows, of superior merit, were abo inaefled, by the late Dean, Dr. Woodhouse, and otiiers in- mcsted in the embellishment of this venerable pile. The larure vkdow at the west, which had been totally oestroyed duriii£c dbe Civil wars, and restored by James II., when Duke of York, kai been filled with painted glass, from a legacy of Dr. Adden- keke, who died Dean of this cathedral, in 1776. Many repairs aad improvements have been effected during the last ten years ; aad the numerous figures which ornament uie west front, have aU been renovated or replaced by new ones, in a composition of eaodlest workmanship, and as auiable as stone. A great nuui- ber of these statues were defaced in the Civil* wars, and after. wards restored by Bishop Hackett; but in 1749, several of them were in such a diecayed state, that they were removed by order cf At Dean and Cliapter, to the great deformity of the stnieture. To describe accumtely the present and past condition of tliis ~ nired cathedral, and the various ornaments, whetlier itad or otherwise, with which it is either now or has for- been adorned, would occupy a much larger space than the of this work will permit; we must, therefore, content our. a brief notice of its more pit>miDent features.

PO

lICHFIIiLD CATHEl

The length of tlie fnbric from easl lo wesl,' is 411 few, * I tbe iranscpi, 187 feci, II U siirinounud by three el»Biit »l I one rising froni tbc centre, and two at the west end. The hoi I nf Ilie Tonnei U 358 feet, and of tlie two Intter 188 foet. I The Grind Webtebn Front is eminEDtly bcautiftil, « I Ristingof a loice pfninidical fitcade, entii^hed witli a pnT'

I of tracei; and a large assembli^ of highly wrought V

as large as life, placed in niches, some having pointed i nlbtrs trefoil arelieK. It is ranch to be regrett^a uiatibcll dish stone, of which this Guperh front k congirticled, b ver^ peri«hah1e nature ; hut all the decayed portinns, m m the orriMnenls hnve recently been renewed io a dumble Id compoflition or cemeDl, -nhich, to the «uperliciBl obMTrct, | every anneikrance of stone. Oa the top of the bigjilj j-*-* and'riculj omiuneuted gable, between the two spire*, »' .' large figure of Charln IT., who eoDtributed a liberil di. I of timber towards ilic repnirs of the church. It is tlw i I Sir Wm. Wilson, originally a stone-mason, of SutUm Q " ff ^bt> aiTired at knighthood after his marringe with a rifl 1 This statue is Enppnscd to occupy tlie place of a nnq one of Adam, or Cnrist The fronts of the towers M nf it RTC ttdomcd tvitli ligures of the patriarchs ; and h on cacli Mde of the greflt windows, are t«o rows of Iii„__ repro^nling Pinphels, Pn>]ihctessex,imd ludges. Bdawu a row nf twcnty-wmr statues of the Kings of Judah, Hnd Tit vstiouB attitudes I uxvcpithc centre one, which, beiiic '" " cal robes, is supposed to represent Sl Chad, the pnui' the eathedral. This statue stands exnclly over the -r-m I which is adorned with beautiful sculpture work. Witliiii I poich nre placed Sgures of the four Ei-nngelists, hol< l'Ou«pcU> in thfir hands, Moses and Aaron are Rtumted 'd r two ridet, and in the centre, between the grcot doors, is ibe Y ftUarywith Ihf intuit Jesus in hernrtni. Theie wen " I raeily Hi'hh pintpd and cildnl. A ligure of Christ, i.

IS cxienilril, iippean lielueen two chcrnliiius.on the topta I reulnl pillar. The uiohes on each lide of the three entd I plt« aw- fillnl wiilt siHtues of llie Twelve Apostles. ^

I The north awl muth doort are also very elegant, p&nic4 I the fomirr. nhkh is extremely rich in Mulpinrcd i - '"

lr,iS!i', iiud three of small ligiirts in on!.

^the lowest is reprcwnied n bishop b.tptiitiug a pcreon liW- - « him, with D crosier in his left hand. The former ia] y t&Unidol lo rapiescnt -^t. ChaH, and ihe other Wild

STATUES, MOXrMKXTS, &C. >< 1

(111* (iinvc'itcd psi^ii King of Mercia, wlio is Ksiid to lmvt> niiii- ilca-d his sons bix'aiisc they refused t<»1)ec(>mc apostates t(»C'lii-is- (ianity. Immediately over the door, was tlic root (»f J esse, or ihe dciiceiu tif Kinp:s, from Dand to the captivity of the .lr\\s. It iroiicrations ; aiid from thence to Christ, a simihir nunihi-r ; Liii'l iilMi the descent of the Priests. The middle pillar sup]H)rtrd the iiaii)|;e of Christ. The simth dor»r is likewise rich in srulp- Mirc, and on the east side of it are two ancient monumental sta- t:!i->of former Deans; hut to whom they helonj; is unkiiuvMi. Th^ roof of the cathedral vius fonnerlv covered with lead: hut I'cinfC much wuni and injured, the metal uas taken oil' many ieai> ai;u, auil slates substituted in its stead: the re^euue^ t'<>r rlic purpo!>e uf repairinfi^ tlie editice bein^ totally inadequati- to the irxpense of renew in); it with lead.

'l*he Im'Krior uf thU noble edifice fully answers it> extcnial ^plfUiUmr and ma^iilicence. The three western doors open ini- inediaiel%' into the nare and aitleit, which are ^inhI sjK-cimens of the simple yet ex«(uisite architecture of the l.'itli and Mth ccii- Tiirii'* ; the slender clustered columns foliated capitals, delicati'l\ iifiuMtd archtN, and \aulted roof, produce a mtn snli'inn jhuI n'ltii-iuir elfcol, which is jrri-atly hcijjlittMied.by the bcaiitirul <li-- hln «>f st^iiucil H^lass in tJie window^. Tin* lcn;j^tli of thr ii;iNr. I:"in the ur>t door to the screen which ilividc*^ it IVoiii the <li'»ir. 1- -2\'.\ tVi-t ; its briadtJi l.')*J feet; the breadth of the aisles ti«J fn i :

:i*\ ihi' iiei;j:Iit of the ro(»f Ik) feet. The up])er rows of wimlnuv. .ri- of all ui;u iial tomi, beiii^ triaiiirular, including three riirlc^ :. lach. Al -iir the walls of the ai^le^ are r<»ws o[' false (i"lliir .ii«Iie<'. Iia\iijj^ scat> unilerneath. ()\er the i^reat west doMi- is ;i iiuM n:.iiriiilieLiit wiiidttw, (»f a eireiilar form, rai'^ed at thetx- \*t.ii'^v --! .lanu-s, Duke of Vork, in the rei^n of Cliarles II., ami tiih'd with ^-tained ^lass at the expense «if Dv. .\ddeiibroke. \\Iii« iiijojnl ilie deanery upwanls nf Hi) years. On tlie math ^i'h "ii i!ie we«t flni«r, the lar^e mural Uionuineiit of marble, ereett -( t< -.ii»; nit Mii>r% of Lauri'iof Adtiison, reminds us of his vnn, uli'i ; AriiiuLT^ in)]M'<»w-d the nioral.-) and literature of l-^nirli^liHH n. Om iin; -1111111 »»ide, a monument of mixed ni.irlile is iiiseiilud i*- irir ni«'n!i>r\ uf (riffn'rt H'<i/;iwAv/, the friend and earlv i^atmu nl Dr. .I«'b!i'-.»n. .Anio'iif several beautiful mural monument^. i«- iiii we-: of till' nnrtli ihun*. is one in niemorv ol" I.mli/ Man/ li'ifrtfrt/ Mint til ffHt\ who Iia]i]>ily introduced, frtnn 'rurk«\,ilM siliifary art of inoeulalinu: for the small-pox; in allusi<iii ii. which. a han<Nniiio statue of the (iodfless tif Beauty i> ii|iit - eimtf a^ ueepinjr o\cr the ashes of her ]»reserver : but ihr ai; which I.td\ \lar\ intMiluced ha^ siuee been superse<le«l hv v.uviiie iiio'i;euhili«».i. In l/D^^, two nuMiunients were cumIic! tir.iin»'t the m^t wall of i|jr M)uth trauM'pt, to the nienmn <! ih. Juhnnini anil ihirnl fiarrirh : the fninier iit the expen--' -. iIk Lfr-nllcnicn ->! the ('lose, and tht- latdi 1)\ th( v\id<tw nt (In K>i</ii^b }h":ii-. 'f/'ifi :ni i'f iui\'(! ;n.?i/'Ir. alike in l\i\\ii \^m\

iL'ttPIELD CATUKI>k.\L..

I shci hut tlic Imsl* arc noi cnniUlcrRil kihiiI tikcuMMu ol tl I gnul ungiual), - ihe tatler ul' uliom »n» wj ciiVlnaWil in lli« U T trinnic nn, iIlhi, ah Iiib fririid Juliuwin uiid, " IIU JcmUi a " '* ipurty of uotliiiiK, niid impoverished ihe ptililic t

llhe jnurt;

lliB Choir, and St. Marty's ilmpol. or Ijidj oln«r, w Imcily »qiiirntt'l I'rnm nu-li' lUhct I'v ii ^Ii'Ul .S'rr.rii, i

irkgUIlt .ll,l.;i..'iir. .!, I...!ll..l ! !l..

t Uiniii); i ..: I wilL tJ.'i!.

into mil "I ibc iiilttiiLiI ui^iiuitiUUH] n

I'ullieih < riiruruhiuccl titiill|! nOW BiMf

ilt«|)rt>|i ilic litiilding. In St tf

Ki.«iiui. . , . . I ..iidofilii-i'hoir.areniw

rm mi cm-It --i'lt, mill iliit'c lit tlip CLd, In iho lang* (j

I window, ttt tiie van end, ui a fine [uunting of tlic 7*

[ exHiuud li; Mr. Egpulon. lute of tluidswurtU, uvuB

yfrowa dtsigii of StrJiMbun ReyDuldn. Ou each ud«ol ilie slender wiiulun* tliitt contain tlie ricli dit^la* of irlass bmnghl tram Hcrckcnmdii ablicv, a» notieed at pT Of this glajB there ate 340 piece*, e»ch' ntwutSSu Under llie cvuW niiiduw staiulB na allai i>f fi«M.. ._ ncnlplnn'd in the GuUilc ^tvle. Alter tile removnl tit 1^ slirine of tJi. Clioil, nt ihc ifeftinnation. lis hit« wot ocon{ n splendid iniiiinnii>ul lu the niuninry of Loni Pofft, MieW. _, «tatc li> fleiu-y VUl.t bnt this met witli h sitniloj' &W,b| destroyed by tlic pnrilaiis in the Civil vttm. I' '"*

1 oltat-tiimb, executed in Ilnty, luid e'teeiueil i

L'woriinaindiip; luiviu); two kuevling figurcK nfa man and 4 K man, and eevenil Seauiiful Curiulliiun ^ioIuiuiie. Newit*! I mnMbalilu inunnuicnliil effigy ut Ralph Lord Battel, inm r dHUjilele Hnuour, uud rentins hia foot on a. buat. TUi iL [ man dini in I3»!>, and for Uie yearly keeping ot hw abid I 200 marki (u the Hlnu of St. Nicbolaa. Ceolrad, kiu oTfl [ ria, was iuti'm'd in thi« port of die ebiirch, TXit float M nndrnrly paved with eamiel Coal nnd alabaator lO, ii iviis n'-pnved, lor.enjfj, uiiti gtv^ and whfwi : cli>^iit stunc Kerccii now forms ii£ western ine|l| 1 ii> siip]Hirl ihc oryan, which is o(impi»«(l of W I :M <iii|is .ind u, hiKhlj ostcpmed fiirihe hilnmi 'u~. Tlio windowt arc tcnlplured in the <iiil, buieulh them, on cnvli sidi- nf the i^ >.'''. tichlv pointed, rvpri'^t^ni > Magdalme, iii. Phillip, ; )i Cliriol on bis ihoulilcr. Tbe slutue uf Ii - . one Ic^ Uu*, w del wliu/ta wcro luo mugit i

'--

mahk 1788. BoA iii««r Ae <Mr aeittdbiBed irith twentf- iNtf «CBlIf» «wi die mam ii SMdr penvd* Tbe Halls weie sririMllyMf-tflNiin nmiilwr. BiiBop Haefcett pot dw nainei ofUiedaiMiistegiiUettletteA «m Mdi of Aemi, widi the title oCtlMvnbHHb. Ob die -outk ddb^ dMBWue tmftiiMled 1^ the Kdbyf AraM^ enwnenied nidi a Aim and dwanMoidie 8« ; sad o» Ae nofdi ride by die pnlpit

laAeapvli eUvef Ifte cMraie ft aunber of anoieiitaad iJBW twnwiHi; InU diat vUdi attiMti the eagv attm- tioB <f en ttdttiien of the leulptorial art, it ine at die eait miai ^m efale, enelad a inr jean ago to dM mBmarj of As Jfiav JMAmbm, t«o yooaf cirfMieDy wboae fignns are JMMMy egwqted iniiiAite aMai^lij tkat eariiMat wiilptor, Clifiay» md nwA Moagat the ehotoa* aad oiott vahiaue of litfuAMdoaa.. la dw laaie aUa, inoa a haadaome Godiio tliv4oaah» k dw awdhiled eOgy of Ciqptahi Btukj. Near dh^itBed tetoari>ef]>eaaHeyirood,ainMitiBgt«o cAglety flee nfraaialiiv Mai ia dw vigm of heald!, aadtheoChvin da waalad ftrti rf deidi. la dw aoodi ifaD an two efigieff wfpoied to TBpireeent BishopB Langton and Fattiahiil ; the latter of which is remarkable for naTing the sHgnuUay or marks of our Saviours wounds on the hands and feet ; - a respectful supersti- tion of ancient times. Jt is now placed on the spot formerly appropriated to the tomb of Bishop Scroop, which was destroyed in the Ciril wars. A silver crosier, found in this sepulchre by the republican soldiers, was sold to the celebrated antiquary - Elias Ashmole. At a short distance from hence, beueath a win- dow neatly ornamented with foliage, stands the noble tomb of Bukop Hacketty enclosed by iron railing decorated with five gilt mitres. His recumbent effigy is habiteil in complete pontijicali' hu ; and above the head are inscribed the following words, from the I32nd Psalm, - ** I will not suffer mine eyes to sleep, till I have found out a place for the temple of the Iiord.'* The monu- ments in the North AUle arc few, and the only one deserving (larticular notice, is that in memory of TTieophania, iHfe of Dr. Smallbrid^, chaplain to Charles II. From this aisle, a pas^agc, oniuniented with Gothic arched seats, leads to the Chapter Hoi ke, a room of an octangular form, adorned with arches simi- lar to those in the entrance. The lost pillars are supplied with jjh'U'ler, and the whole is supported in the centre by a clustered cohimn. Over tliis room is the Librauv, instituted by Dean lloy- wftod, which contaius several valuable Ixioks and manuscripts. Among the latter is a valuable ancient copy of the Valor of Po]>e Nicholas, in the reign of Edwanl I.; alsoa curious one, called TfxtHS St. Cedde, or the Gospels of St. Chad ; not because they were written by that saint, but merely on account of their l>elong- iiig to this church, which is dedicated to him. They arc chicny ill plain Saxon characters, and illuminated with a variety of ex- tnionlinary drawings. Thr ihtc of the writinc: is ecTlAvn\>f vct\

«l CVTilKUiHr. tl.OKK.

niiuknt; nniinlni); lo wmc, imt !(;!« than a lliuusaud veon back. Hvrv is likfwin; n A'unrn, iutilulod ihtiii, " Tliis Ali^onn «u takuit fntin tlir TuikK iil ihv -iivp: of Budn ; " busiiles b birir wriltcit null illuiuiiuilL-rl fnlin iif Cliauuer'^ I'uniiH; nn limldji- list uf (hi- KiilfrlitN of ilic nnriiT ; sinnc ulil Arobitectural Db«- " 'ii Franw, '«o. Stc To the north of the Laiv

inm, «x«

Chidr, is u siDalt i-kni)c1, whew llie mnHius iit Ino Meicn HRiitLil. Ill St. Peter's Chuprl, there was fbraiefh I t])c wall, (if St. Peter eiucilieii, with his bsl

kinKS art- dqHRiiteil.

(hiniiuani*. Bcfuie the late alteiutinns the snuth tnuiscpt taine)] a onrinus fmgnieul uf Gothic Nculpliiie, consisting of two arches; uaiierwliieli, were the lipiieK of Inn Kings, nnd h raimg Prince. This nn-^ a icliu i>f tlie old clmruh, pTesoned in tk lelinihlinii of it ; hnt ^teiag removed in 1748, it liecanie on aaii- nieiit in ihe wnll at Mr. tiieeiie'<i niable. In tlie ^'mrtify in ihuremainsirf' a rich ullar-nicfo, of Grecian mvhiteeture, »hiid fimneriy tomihiated the dinir. Hiiijup: reteuth- undeij^nf many rqialTK aiiil inipn>renifnls, luth iniomally anit exteniully, the viilliednil is nnw hi sui'h a .>tnlu of piTfcctiun, cleanlincs., and lieiiiilr, ii*< i-: h<)r)i1v crcdilahle to the tiiite and libenlUv of the late DtMii, Dr. Wniil/miisi; whii »a< inducted in 1807, and dii-<1 in N»veni1>i'r, IKi:).

Till- CI.OSl-; I'mil-.iiii-, ln'iiilo'i Uie wHherlial, n coii:>i(lcTu1ile iininWr uf I'liililinir.-^: iillof wliiuliiirt! tlii'rrnperty of dierliarvli, i'\i-e]ii iwii hTHi-[*- nil iliu siiuili -iilc :uijoiuin)r the pool, nhirli wi'ti- irnnitfl 1" ilii'iiiv. ]iri'vi<'iis tn llif erectiuu of the briilp I.y Ki-linli l,i.nij..i.. iliiU rlir iu)i:,hiinm- iiiisrlit li " "

(w"'ll«';i-

::;ifi

J

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V). Til.

1 tlu' MM

\ ';-

(li-ni>t comer of tbr IIN7.UU the tpmuil w i'xteii!>ivc lulm, >f Edwunll., buioT

«lii,-l. lIu'r. Ill,

Jti^l,-.]. W.in.l

ui> Snnerofl, ci^inud

iis a fine for wnstinK

-..line |...ni..ii - In^liinw, li.iwiv KivU-sliall lu- ll WH- f.ir ^..11 Sn-ar.1, »!...-* fvcrv ri-adcrnf fn>iii till- y:ihKi ofl)u>i'n.\iiu> ll,.u^. an- -ill

.Uld s|K..i..1...

Illtli. and.ixtl die'l in 1 IIMi. ,, inlhekliii.'<l..ni

"/Jm. Iiiiillh.'

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ii,"",v.;r",'

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ir rf-iilt

iCt.'iifralU , .1.0 f« Vv.,.l,u.|

Sec. The succcwiTF iitfor maiivvcsKil iiceupie.1 bv ienanls. iiilv .rf- tilt' laic JfiB

m.':m. «,-ilkn«BUW

1 ..i, «..1,W. WW ill ibcreiKti

UIU. 1 1,0 /'rt*«<(-l

C\u~t\ iiii>l are iinl iiiovcl bv tiw fll*

vlli-bm. liaise. «kw rliot Imek biiiMiPT vo siiinll iniaib-jilj** -t i-onier. fi>r the n-n- w>i.'WK .".llcl - Th,-

i>u tI iu'.l ill riloMr r.'.i.le

tillri.->. W.T

ml«My..i.

.'.'<1 ill Tlii-

Mi.ii. 'rii

11- Ml 11

lh-«iM,

built

1>isl- of

ii>irtb-»i

llLW-P-

I" Cbw

CWImt," MaiHt wUhiu n, court, m thir )iile of ibe

Cbm; aud ntat thnn u u l&r^ brick Lous ied b; tilt'

Drpuiy BryUlnr lit the dinoexe, and builr in i/i on the «ite (if ui ii<;wi)t muniim, in nliicL BLshop Havkett iiitrA and ilii^' In a Unr lull >>> tl>i» bouw is deposited a volualile and exWn. uir niunaB. e)^e(t(«d by Uie late Richard Greene, and Ricliaid Wrieibt. of this ciiy. At ilie western fntronce to the Ctostj «iMi lb ** /nrtifHlton " far the widfiws and dfttiglilenuf poor

L^linr hntlt by Bishop C'linlon. The Dohle tuwcr gatmtntjf, whicA' ha entrance, was taken down iu 1800, lo widen tka _. _, wm: Witt bj Bishop Lanftoii, who fnMiiidiGd H>e pnncultU. Anolhet splendid [rate, erected ^ iUtc, tomunl the mutlivm approach to the Close: It fanr loiers placed at its angles, siill remaies. il iLt dei^ of IS feel, u subUmineouA pas in 1^14, Euppos*^ to lead rnini the (MUhedml,

an ordinary pump. The Palact bmlt bi/ Jlisluip Lan^ton, a the reign of Edward I., is said to have been a. rery niagnifi- eent itmctni*- The great hall, which was an hnndrea feet long and filty'Oix broad, displayed paintings of the coronatioD, mar- riagca, wan, and funeral, of that illustrious monaich, Edward I., -I well M the exploits of some of hix officers ; among which were Ikose of Sir JL^^ de Pulesdone against the Welchmen. Many of the figoTea, " very lively pourtmyed with their banners of arms bnTelyliefore them," together with descriptions of the subjects re(nwnied,«ere remaining at the commencement of the 17th cen- tiuy. The other apartments in this palace were of proportianate siaeaudtplmdouT with the ball; and behind the whole lav an ex- tensre eoait, laid ont with walks and grass plots. Botli Pennant and Jackaon are of opinion that this palace was rebuilt by Bishop Hadelt, the predecessor of Bishop Wood ; but Dr. Hiirmood savs, HackeUimly repaired a prebendal house, which he intended ibr the mMcnoe of himself and successoiB ; but no act of Parliament was ever ofauined by him to annex it to the See with that view.

Hie BWHOPHIC OF LiCHFIELO AND CoVBNTRV, COIUpriseN

OCTbfahire, the greater part of Warwickshire, the whole of the ConntT of Stafford, (except Broom and Clent,^ and nearly one half 01 Shropshire. Each of these four counties forms a sepH- rale AreAdtatoart/ ; and the Staffordshire part of tlie diocese is tutidivided into /our i>eancn'n, viz. I^pley and Trvsall, Leek and Alton, Newcastle and Stone, and Tamworth and Tulbiiry.

Until the restoration, this diocese was stvled of Coventry and Lichfield ; hut, since then, all acts of the ^ee are in the niinic of the Bithop of Ijchficld aud Coteutrv. Tlie jitestnil incnnw "I

^ti Lll'UFIbLD iA.ERUY, &C.

/I'lr bisliii/irir, is siimHKod tu lie iibiiut £ii,OOQ per anniuD, Kilh ,i piiliii-c at Liuliliela, and a (".utlv at Euuleshall.

The Members or the Cathhuhal uic a Denn, PicceDior, CliiiiicclliiT, aiul Treasurer, kix Canons ReMdcnttary, KTnlmi Prelieiidarics," fivu l^riCRt- Vicars, Bcveii Ijiy-Vican (of Tiian- Cliorut ), a Sac'risl, a Divinity Lecturer, a Sub-Siicii»t, an Orj^si, ii'n Cliiiristcrit, (or Hiiginf^ Iwys), and two Vergeti. The L-iiAPi'ER cinisists of ilie Dean and Ki:c Canons, wlio faold rouKT in tlic Cluipli-r-linusr, ercry Fnclnr. Tlie Canomliare tlicrifihlof [liiiasinj^tlieDean.i^iniinnccI to them in 1359. TIm Deaueri/ is worth about i.'3,00() u vear, and the average uuibiI tncomt.- of cai-h oT the Canons ii ahimt £M0, witb a p^ bow for eiu-h in the Close, where tliey are required to reside tro months in the ^-ear. The Ctuincclhir icccives about ilSOO pa iinnun). The t^allrge., or Vampanti of Yiran-Choral, coaiiiutl five incnibprs in onlvrs, anil wicn laymen, »ho enjoy coiwiden- lile priv-ilescs. Wc find that in 1240, llic Siili-cliaiitef, Sa«i>I, Vicars, and Clcrlu^ liccd in a odlrgiaio iiiniincr, twd bonwi, and seTKinitv estates, which victc autoucnU'd iiy Bijiap Langtiw and gtlier hcnefacidiE. In i:i74, tlier liad a I'limmov leal and inacc, and tbe former is still in nsc. T)i<rv have statntN for tlie rcgulntinn i>f thrir eonduct, ^'Onfirmeil l>y Bisliup J.lord, in 16!I3, ami directed to l>e read (bur times a year. Tlie lirst trieat-Vicv is the Sub-cianier, and he b ui){Nrintvd l>y (be I'rerentor, vbo is ni lister of (he t-.lioir. The oilier VienKan-appiiinied by lheC«I»»^ 'I'iic Intome of the Viran-Cknral is mi unfixeil and nnocnm sahin-, deiienilaiil on the detenninalion of numerous kam «f ]ir.i]>L'rlv fur lives and ye«rs fiRinled by theiu ; aliiii on ItOMii* Sta tit I nisi lire, mid elHL'uhure : Iiiit it may lie said to nrcmge ban i:Mi) ii ilOiln yp.irfiireacb.i-X(.'Iu'>ive*iif their n'sideiK-es in ibe CliK^e, callcil tliu Viiiira)^ ; wliidi, honiTcr, they are in ^enenl toil |>niud to iuliahil, the hiiilJinfrii lirii))i rallier uf menu anpear- ai'iie. In the vieanifrc eourt, is an anetciit liuildiiif;, ealled ihr Viean" Hall, where muf-ic used tiil>e i>erformed ; but whieh, like iiiniiy iitiier ]deiisaut old eiisloins, is disenntiiiued. H'e hrlieve, it may justly Iht siid, tbni this obuir is inferior to uone, dther iu lalfiii or rt'siiei-labilily. Tliv Oriian'ist ]K<rtid|>atfs as one of the \'iiiir<''e1i'iiiil, and insirueth l)ie (.'harulrrf, or tinging &iju, «hi> are ten in mimlicr; of whom, two have f-JO, twu'XlS, t«v£f>, and i»<> i^ii. \H-i aiiiiuin : the reinainiiiF; two, iKiii)!: ilic vonngKHi have Tiiiiliini; Imi tlie elianee of iininiiilinn as va«iiineit oecnr. Till' ch.iir perfonus t«ii'i- a day at the eaihcdml. Tbp Churisms are :ip]Hiiiii<'d and i^nenHil hy (be PreecutoT. In tliprciftnof Ileiirv VI 11., a selinnl-houM.', havinir tlw words Ihmiu ('Juiriitit, iiiseril'eil on the K<it*''^*>'> ^as Iniilt for the ('biiristcRt, within tbe I'tiirv, nlieru tliuy resiileil »iili their master; but, in 1772. till' elate was let oii'a imildiiif; lease, and the M'luHd in a Eieat iiica>iirf hnikea up.

novr.il Uitrbam: h:t ui- i--iiiM „tiljiu nn ,»r'jiitil M 11><ii ^''''u

87

LIST OF THE CATHEDRAL CLERGY, kc.

V ThtJIgmrm^Uki wigki §kmAa fwr < mkkk emek iiuumkemt km* iNductt,!.

M0NITARIB8 OF THE BIOCESE.

Itl5 Tte Balk mM, UgPkt R«t. Houy Ryder, B. D^ BISHOP, translated i rr»m <N - rtgy(iwti| BcfhihaTI Castle, oad Beigimve Place, London). Hi.s ImM^Ii Inlker to llw Bari of Hammby. flf Bav. «d1 Ha*. Hemy Edward Jdm Howard, A. M^ Dcan. Bail ef CaiUdeti and a prabendary otYotk).

CANONS RESIDENTIARY.

M. A., (JVecmftr, and prebendary of Ksbop*! Itchington). M. A^ {Cknutihf/tke CaCftedral, and prebendary uf Al i r-

, D. D., (prebendary of Sawley). Ryder, A. M.,( prebendary of Preet and Rniton).

M. A., (prAendaiy of Oflley and FUztim). Bu D., (prebendary of Haaiaore and Fktcfbrd}.

ARCHDEACON&

». D. D„ Derkf

', M. A., CoCfNfry

PRKIK2CDS. PREBENDARIES.

I 1828 Edward Batber, M. A., Salop I 1828 George Hodaon, M. A., Stnjfvrd

PREBENDS. PREBENDAKIKS.

ITSa

I'm

MM

..JJF.Mnckle«toD,D.D ISM Eccleshall TheLordBibhop.D.D

....DcanofBangor^M.A 1826 Ufton I>ecani,J. Kempthornr, It.I) . .Tbot. Wytbe, M. A I 1828 Pipa Porva. . . .Francis Blick, M. A

1828 Bishop'. Hull, {^"**4^'^"|v'''^"'

(Archdeacon Buth-

«M» - - - (Archdeacon Bat-

met werwy . . . - ^ i^_ ) n

* ler, D. D W. O. Rowland, M. A . . Chancellor Law^M A

T. Cotton Fdl, B. D

'CBfaatMi . . W. W. Dirken», M. A ilaBlkjor, 8iBieonClayton,M.A

(0» The Canons have also prebends annexe<l to their oflSces.)

18J8 UftonCantaris,

1832 Gaia.Mioor. . . .T. R. Bromlicid, M.A 1832 Dorset Par va.. Fred. Oakelia, M. A 1832 Sandiacre ... Jeremlah8mith,M..\

1 er, M. A ...T.R.Bromlicid,M.

tttl r^mcrilmr of tkr fWsrfir Thr Worshipful Jame» Thomas Law. M. A

Vtemr G^ural). tf9 Mhtmitf Leehtrer^R^. J. F. Muckleston, D. D.

Primeifl Surrogate - Rev George Buckeridge. A.M.

PRIEST VICARS.

Rev. J. F. Muckleston, D. D.ASub-Chantery and Precentor's \ icir

Rev. T. Gnosall Parr, M. A., (Dean's Vicar).

Rev. Henry White, M. A., {Sacrist, and Treasurer's Viimr..

Rer. Richard Oarnett, (Prebendary of Offley's Vicar).

Rev. John Muckleston, B. A., (Chancellor's Vicar).

ani.

Levs. John Kenipthome,B.D.,and Archdeacon Hods<»-. ^1 \ RlcuraAKa - Revs. William Henry Galfridus Mann, and Hor.itio Muun. Drfuty A«yvtrar» - John Mott, and John llaworth, Es(|rs. Chapter (7frfc - Henry Chinn, Esq. Bitk^^M .Verrefarj^ - Phillip SeckerMin, Esq., of Staflbrd. (hyani$t - Mr. Samuel S]»offbrth. TlcaaaXuoaai^ - Messrs. Matthews, Bennett, Hunt, Machin, Pcursali. »nt\

Gold, fwitk ten ninping boys J. ifn^gecris< - John Femyhough | Kcr^rr->John Nutt (Proctors - Ste p.tgv 160.) Jjifmrifot^Ovorf^c Sterrn^, Market-street.

*tosT L'oPtiT. - Tbe tlrsn «nil ii[it nslileutliuv Cumnt,!.: ItillllE III* i1iapUr,iin<\\ioU ltiiir«iiirlniK« furtniKhi. in thi'C'hi [-r-lrouse. lo hnu und lUlcnniae "c»u»« of initaiicM;," * T' lltkewUe hold wixhiji AifftfBnvtfwT rhajitfMilurlbc gvnFr.,1 - Lhc nhurcli. Ill nil ilupiilci Brising williin the CU-- fntm them lu Ibe hKhopi bul nu ollirr prunn niii: B<i|{hl lo Intrrliirc in their ilcrisionB, tinlli thcC'barcb ninl ' XOveni«<l by Iwikl tUituIrt, whivb wcrr cotiAnovd bj luiTura 11 .Ouran Blizabcib, rmd Jjmct 1. 1 and !» Iiy Cirdiii*! V W£f^f c rfr Aifirr to Uit Pupc- Thf Rkoistbb Ornc»,«L... ^ * depuuliil, U in Ilie CIo!c, odjaipins 11"^ Mloiut pMkl

PARISH CHURCHES- r. Mam '>, till' cliiireli ul' the puris'h to which it gHnn plain bul aatl eiliftcc, with n sliurt tuwcf, (m tlw M * __ _lke Muket-iilncc, m«clrd un lli« site uf on uoic wUdi Imd ft luRy «pire, and woe said l» have bwn A «uiy asSOA; bat this suppooition rests mcml;' upon ll of an Iiucriptiion copied frum ihc old hteeplr, nnd m . Shan U> have hecn placed there for Uic pitrpoKr of ii ibo cnquiiio); uniiqucur)-. Lcloud dcstribw the iM c " II right bemidful piece of wurke, in tlic very Malb The master <uid hreihrtin o( the guild of the Blewed K u obantiy here, uliioh wm disiolvn] in 1945. After inembcn uf the cnihGdrnI nfficiateil at this vbiirch) buiHil lliey constituted il n distinct nramae, resvrtin^ (t> ihe Omt Ch&ptet the advouxuii of the benellce, which is now cqjoiyi ihr Brr. Hmry Ovlhy I/>t]>dalG, A. M. Durhig the | - ii»n i>f the I'ruU't-uuit L'lergj, in the nhurt but caugtii ofiJir biftoU'd QiiecDM&ry, WiUi!tn)Lai]glvy,M.£,i frum rbis living for proFicbing on ChriMmiu'da_v,«nd ti. ... InK the 5iu:inni>iit,«ccordiii); to the cnmnioii prater booh, i the reshrmtioii onolbet vicur wns cjecled bciiw for eatlud' The old vhuri'h Iminn mudi Jet'iivcd, wiis tuivn down in bul the prv^cnt eriiliut' »»« not i-oiiiplci(id till ITSI.when^ Dp«ued on De<.'. 30ib. bj the Rev. Wyiiam Utkm. Th« i^ in Q«allT flltcd up villi i»ik ]te\y»t nnd biis it spkciAim f Tb^ nltai'piecc i» bniiclsonie, and un the uorlh aide of l f kiHlquG tnoDiimciil lu the ineiiuirv uf Sir Rii-hard Djwtl, ' bniii'd for lii^ aiLitliiiiiiit li> IhV unfortunate hoiiM of S

i~ un iuieirnt cdiAce, with ^'^i I'lirial ground uf Hereu acrex, OL I ilie Hiutb-nuwrrt nldc of lbs j iiiilitig !in eilcniiivp

t -, (wv pxges fl3, and 104 to I

PARISH CHURCHES. ^U

but part of the spire was blown down in 1593. The interior is ailoraed with many handsome inonumeuts, both ancient and modem \ and the spacious churvhyard, being tlie principal cemetery belonging to the city, contains an immense number of -n^Ave-stbnes, some of which are remarkably neat, and inscribed >%ith lieautiftil epitaphs. A long walk, paved with white peb- ples, and shaded by an avenue of lofty trees, leads across tliis field of the dead, to the principal dooV of the church ; and on the opposite side are several delightful walks across the fields lieading to Borrowcop hill, and commanding fine views of Tree- ford, the Race Course on Whittington Heath, and many bcattered nllas and neat fann houses, as well as of the city and the catlie- «lnil. The benefice is a perpetnal curacy^ without cither tithes or srlebe,ia the gift of the vicar of St.MarA's, and incumbency of the Rev. Thomas Gnosall Parr, M. A.

St. Chad's, at tlie nurth-east end of the city, close to tlic

extensive pool of Stowe Mill, is tlic oldest church in LicbfieUl.

being originally founde<l at a period long pri(»r to the date of the

catbedial. It derived its name from the circumstance of tlie

famitu*^ Sl Chad having bad his cell or hermitage here, before

Li* wd* appointed to the bis^hopric, u*i noticed at paj^es (i4 and 7^.

Jt i? e"mmi»iily called .Stoire Church, from its slaiidiug in tin-

.iiuieiit loniship of Stovie, and beinpr approached fnnn the city

by it p>^pulous <ubur)» called Stowe-^lreet, and sheltered on tlu*

tjLsi by Sto«e-hill, the pleasant seat of Misses Mills and I'urni-

t;il. It i> a small stone structure with a M[uarc tower, but has

iju --mameutul decorations, cxccjit in tlie interior, which w;is

t.'i.jr»u£rhlv repairc'l alMiul ^JO vcars at!n. and liad fonnrils a

LiUiU-mc ihriw dedicated to St. Catharine, who^' cliantry [-lic'-ts

'i.id ;i NiijH.'nd fn^m the vicars-cln»ral of the cathedral. I'lie

liviiiir i** a fifrpetual rurari/y of which the >icar of St. Mar;. '^^

i> the piitrou, and the Hcv. Hcnrv White, M. A., the incunibenl.

lu a :r.<rd«;ii near the cburcliyard, i-* St. Chaf)'s Wtll, wliivh

Lirlaud calls a spring t»f pure water '* where is seen a stone in

the bottom of it, on which, some save Sl. C'liadd was wi»nt naknl

Ui stand in the water and ])raye.'* At tliis well Sl. Chad had lii^

tTainry in the time of Ulphere, King of Mcrcia, and for nian\

cx-niuriev afterward>, it was frequentlv visited bv vast number-

of l»bfU> (le\ otces ; and, until a few vcars ai^o, it was cu>U>niai\

for tLe clergyman, attended by the cburcliwanlens and a iru. .

cona»nrse of children, to >i.sit the well on Ilolv Tbnrsdav, win i.

it was iltt'Oiattd with bi'ujihs and flowers, and the gospel I'f tin

dav read o\er it. The water, which is of a milkv colour, is -.(».

p(hed to jrfi^»;cj:» considerable medicinal virtues. Tbere iire nKiu\

plfiLsant gardens and agreeable walks in tbi^ pait of tbe v'^*:. .

and bctvvei'U the lwj> iuw lakt.^ called the Minsier iakI S; m.

p«)L<,sto<Ml Jfihu'^tm'.-^ \\illnit\ an innnens* tree, m- (aP«ii in h ..

Hippojilion that it wa^ planted )»y tbr iM.if Pi. ,'(li';Mv. » .

'I -:

I fulkci lUic UilKi uf wham had n jHUvlimciii ia>BulM|u«; -

I Til); Ilie ^anli'ii uhfrcUiis Uvt.- &tuuil. Tlir yn"(n p«t u

I veiii-njilo iKc HHi> liltiwu Au*u W Uih oiiii'

IttlA. Ahnui Imir » mile W^mikI 'St<>«r-hU]

Minoiic carpi-t unit uDntcil nuiiufoctor.T.

St. JimimN CmccL, ill Si. jDlin-street, U onutlver t_

p1au;(if uunliip, wLirt-iliviiK'wnk'eUregulnily prcfonneda

I itiindikv, in n TKinirriius con ifTcga lion, m «rill be »cou ai jiaigf

f iiitli die ilcscripiinn of the timptaj tn vliirb it is uiRexeiL

Tlic Catijdlic (.'iuPF.1.. uldie eouUiewlof St. JiOta-m

U u lintl Uutlik- buililiuK of Iniuli, crMteil in 1803, hy tlte S

r Jolin Eifk, ilic jitr^ent |ni>ii>r, Tlie altiupiec« ib « 1

nqiivsmlnljan, iu Mare o£mni, of tnir Redeemer oil ll . _

in ibe net ai oddre^iiiig liii Mused M'ltliit aud hii htdorfd ,|

vipl« !it. Juliii. It IBU iiiui'li Hdinireil )iruilui;.'ti(iD uf De T

L » VieuiisL i>aiiiter.

I Thcreareonly ilircB Dik-ESTiNii CiupKLs i: ._ .

Monging lo the IndrpmdtHh, in Wndtv^trcct, rrected in i| 'and twii Id till' Mnhodhu, in Lvudtanl-strt^i a I ntrcM, the fontit:! liuilt in ISM, tuid ibv Iiilici in II

Stmdafi Svhooli am iillaclied tu must iif the c

elwpeh ! uiid in (lie cilj ure setcdil PuiKf Ziij S<iMU, | {iruvided Willi tunpk cuilnwnieuls, nnil iilhers sHpIi llie cuntriliu lions of tlic 1>cncroletit, us wiil be seen - m lo SKI.

'iTicLi**rrn-j//njriniriwMDf Liuhlirid are bulfew iu I

{'iiiiBittliif.' nercl^v i>f Iwu miull dritiliitlny LihrarUti-

-i-nptiini tJbt'irii and Siiri-TimiR in Murlu^t slrvrt, cstal

r .Iniiuiir-. f*vi-' -'rr^l n "-'Hy A'nrt^jo/iirr, ealletl Ibe "Xd

I U'-miri/: Mr, .\m|)hlel. uiioul ihc year f

" n.n^ I'l ' . ! I iil.n iiinmiiic, hvMr. Geore*

ilr-, ill . Ill nip--nm>nif the MaAc

l.i. ' : I I -M.".- > Tlielw

'. 'I'iif JVlamp Oj/icfu lit Mr. EggiuUoi'a.iaTaroid

UCHFIELD. 91

finttt and the Tmx Qfiit€ at Mr. Jackson's, in Biid^treet ; hut Mr. Uoofe, of Tamworth-street, is surveyor. The Wyrley and SmitgUm emami passes within a mile south of tlie city, and affords a ehtmp conveyance for the importation of coal^ lime, and other beavy articles.

EMINENT MEN.

EuAS AaBVOLK was one among the distinguished characters >M)rii al Lichield, where he first drew breath, in 1617. UaviDg'shcMii a gcaiiu tor mnsiCy he was instructed in that art, and aiUnitt»l us a rhofifteror the cathedraL But at an early a^e he removed to I^n- dsB, aad became a nendent in the family of his maternal uncle, Jaincs Ptgeti Ksq-y |Nissne baron of the exchequer, to Whose friendship he was greatly indebted for his future elevation. In 1644, he became a ttadent at Brazen Nose College, Oxford, and after attaining great ffofteioicy in philosophy, he entered as a captain in the royal army daring tkie Cinl wars. Upon tlie surrender of Worcester, he retired to LoadoOy where be became acquainted with the most leametl men of Che Mge, la 1619, he married Lady Mainwaring ; and in 16;>:3, he poUzshed his ** TieairHm Ckemicum Britannicum ; " being a collee- lionof such productions of the English chemists as till then rcmaiiu-d UDpuMishcd. In cuusei|uence ufliis Iearnin.!r, and his loyalty to the Stuarts Charles II. K:ave him the ofiiee of Windsor-herald. In KUiK be was admitti.tl a fellow of the Uoval Soeietv, and constitntcd Socio- laiT of Surinam, in the West Indies. The Oxford University croatod him M. O., in l(>69, and about the same time, lie visited his nativo city, where he wjis splendidly entertained by the corporation. In 1673, be published his great work on the noble Order of the Garter^ wiih which his M.ijesty was so well ploasetl, that he granted him £ UK). He iliCfl in ItHQ, and havinir b)n;; turned his attention to antiqiiitiis and records, he Ixrqueathed a lar^jc coUeetion of books, mannserii)ts, golil medaU, an<! other curiosities, to the Univei-sity of Oxford, when; they ha\'c ever since been eaivfully preservetl, under the name of the ** Atkmokan Museum J**

GEoaoE Smallrioge was born Iiere, in ](>6(>, and distinguislio<l Unuelf by hi.^ chis:>ical acciuiremcnts at the age of Ki, when he \va> admitted a* a >tudent in Christ's College, Oxford, where he took tli«; 4egnip of A. M. In 1W3, he became a prebcndarv ofLiehfioKl; in mi. Dean of Carlisle; 'M\y\ in 1713, Dean of Christ Church, Oxfonl. la 1711, he w.os consecrated i?f\vA0;> qf lirisfof, and appointed I.<>r<1 AiaMDcr to Gc*)rire I.: but he lost the latter office for refusinsr to <\zi\ the declaration of the bishops against the rebellion of 171o. lie pu!i- Iktaed sereral controversial works, and some volumes of scrutoiiv. wiiUtD ifl a pure and chaste style. He died in 17 If), and uas buriol ttOilbrd.

TaoXAS Newton, another bibhop of Bristol, was born here, in Hii^aBd at the ajre of 13 removed to Westminster, where he bccauu a Uq;^ scholar; Imt aftoi-^ards went to Trinity Colle}i:e, ('ainbriil-c, ater be wiv* cIio>cn Fellow. After bein:; honoured witli various dvefc preferments, he was elevated to the Bishopric of Bristol, in nil. He died in 17S2, and was a man of great learning and ])ict Bbpriaripal work was ** Dibsci-tations ou the Prophecies."

\

1)2 DU. JOHNSON.

Suii-EL JoHNBON, (. L. !>., IS thu grutut litem; colomu ig tin- LichRi'Id teniple nf fiinii:; and to ilu justice to hi* chmcta tai IKuiuti voulil require tlic shale space of a volaioc. He nu bora Iwr, in ITUV. Ilii fatlier was u biioktelier in tbis citj, ami Tor -obk time u mauuriuiunT nf luircliment; which latter viu to him i.n nnftolt- ulilc tnulo, though it is iM In hnve enriched >vvenil of hit lettuii. Pcrvrivin^ >tcunj; marks of ponius in bis son, he gt.\c hiia croj opportunilf he could afibtd of improving bis mind. After ptuiif some time at the Lkhfli'ld 'irommLkr School, be went to Stoartmdp^ wheni'c he vat: removed in 173A, and entered w ft commoner at FM- broke Cflk'^, Oxfaiil. Jliirin^ his stay at the t-'nit'eniity, be c*a- pnsul u Latin rcninn nf Pupi's Messiah ; of wfaicb the poet nid tbi tbv author viiuld learc it a question for posterity, which poem M bun Ihc oriRinal. rnforlimately the low stale nf his tinaneeiobliiri j iiim til 'juit Oxford brfure lie was enabteil to complete his itii&a j Mu eiin^eqiU'ntlT returned tn Liehlicld, where he soon afterwanlilM ' liin falher,anit'fiiun<l, on tiic divisinn nf bis efleets, that hii ihiM ainiiiinltd only to X'2l>. Alter being an usher in a seliool at Bosmvlk fur a. few niimth^, b<- rcmi-vi-il tn Birniincbam, where lie eomoKBceil I hiseaniEr iifnullinnJiiii by publishing a iranslatinn of "Lobfc" He j KHiii alterwanls marrinl Mrs. Pnrtcr, a wiiluw of Itirmingham, with a forluncuf^Mllli., with whirhbi-Httiil up n kvLoiil, at l£dia]Ha]l,Detr LiehSdil 1 but the want nf cncnura!;cment was futal lo his vien, ti ' we And be i>nly uiilniiKd (hnx sehnlnr', - one of uhnin was the nk. I liralcd Duviil Giirrick, who arcompanieJ iiim to l^odcin. where ht wits fir>t empluyeil by tlu- edilur of Ike tlcntli-nian's Magaziue. AI { (liiy time, Jiiliiiwin bveamc intimate Willi tile unfortunate Savage, vboK life lie 9uliA-<iii<'nlty wrote. About tlii' same prriwl, he published Ui pveni iif Liin'lon, whieli );iiini'd him eiiu>iilerablc ei-lebritr, and paaid IhmuKli a>ei-onil edit inn in the enuru: nf ft week. A few' mnntiu al^ this nurd'AH. lie uwd t\cty ellbrt in fai> piiwer to nlitdin the maftciiiif uf afivu mliool in Leicesteriiliiiv ; but lie fnikil in tliis objtvl for vut nf n dettree in aria, Ihoui;h he vaa warmly ncommendeil by LaU <iuwvr. Ili« npiiliiiutiun liir admission ai U>H-lar» Ciuiimont - n^-ted oImi, beeanie he had nnl a defrre<: in invil law. 1'bua bafiM ill all hit iimjeeliofiihtainiiigMimi-nxi'd pmlixinn, licnascompelkd tn eontinue Uie ha/iinhins and luburious one in wliii'h lie Jiad alreljj vniriLfWil. .li-eonIin;:ly, in I >;t!l, Iw puhlisliiil iiis " Mornior Kar&l- "ivnse;" an animymiiuh allai'k upon ihe minisliy of tlie Mouseaf Hanover. Kniiotbih i-e«r, till I'll, be wan ehieHy employed in br niiihin): nii'moir> of eminent men for llie (ienttcman't Ma):axinc. la IT 17, W lieian bin edition of Sliakcspeare, and published tlie plan »f lii> Dieiioiiary. 'I'wn i-can. ftnerwar<lK, his trftgnly of Irew, « oAra pre-entiil in lOin, was br"Ui;bt I'.rward by liis friend Garriek ; bat till- ilti'ii-iiui of llie publie was >o far fmni liein;; favuiitabK', thiil Mt author n'Milv<.il lu decline all furtlii-r aitcmpis as a Jranintic writer. 4> a i.m <!' ninution from tlie fuliuue and lalHiur of bis nietiunaiy, be eiiniiiieniiil liis Hainbler, in Maivh, lTiiO,anil i;onlinu<!(l In produiv Iwu e-ajN, wiikly, till Moreh, IT.'iS, nlun this admirable work wiu

V losiJ. M t Ibis lime, he In-t lii> wife, wlinm he l.iml with ard«nl

alfwtion. In IT.'i.i, that ilaU-rntc uii.l muih wanted »<irh. hi* JJU- ii"ii,ii\ I'i (ill liii^liih I,un)iii»t<', made il.^ apiH'uiMni < . iiiii! wa'

I

LICHFIKLD CONDUIT I.ASIJ:

mumd Kith BvriUxl approbatian hj Ibe liWraii IwcJi of tliie nndj

odKf omintrira. PnoviiHit u thii tiur, b« bsd bcm taonuumi xitli a

IcBfn loartit »sd, in IT6S, tbn Duiversily nfHuhlin cunferri'il upoK

him tbc ilcgncar Di>cu>r nt Lnwh Tbc wbolc profits afkit Diclionsiy

-rem ID lute boa> uiwnilnl Wrore Marcb. ITjfi, tbta tie wils acnsUiA

fet a J*bl uf ivt piipOUi anil liberaHnl by ihe aid of. hii rHmil, th*

' crlcbralHt Hichar^on. "Tbs tdler," wai besna in lTd«i,Uid Sniahed

I ia ITSU, when be nrote hit Rawrlru, witli the pioui vkw ofie(ra.ji»i

I tb oflhtr^ ruecrol apciiBU. In thit manner did this greal lattt

' cvsliDW Cx drrivc a teantj mhtjstence, rrom occasional publication^

titt nm, ohvn bb Miyniy, chraugb Ihc iaflucoec of Uird Lougli-l

hnmifli, grmatcil him a ptQsion of X9M1 per auDum, aa tbc eapraik

R*anl uf biabtcnjy exETtion*. His edilioo of Shakeipeate was pul>-.-

Inhed in tbe wmr f car. From this limt, till ITTI, be was cbicf|]f.' eoCM^ in >ritiB£ Political Pampbletsj mme af which gained biW ItebigbalMkbrilJ as a politician. Id ITT3, he made his toarttt. S«vllaD4 i aa aocount of wbich be publisbed, under tbc title nf ) "Joonmy tp tbr Hebrides." Tbis work iuvolvedhim in a dispute with Jhrpbrnoa, nmrettpg the aalhenlicity otO»sian'» poem., in whiok ht rtidotl]^ bad the adiantij^ Hii " Lives of Ibe Enelioh Poetl,^ wtt bvi^a tn 1T7T, and eoinpleted in about three years. In 1783, ba KUcVrd by the poJ'J, which, logetber with the asthma and c. i-uDiinnd groduillj to unilermiDc hia constituiinu. till at last Ik Tdlo the arm* of d.-alb, en I)M iStli, I7H4. He wru hiirieid ID WfttnutaUr Abbey, at the foot of Sbakeapeare'i monumeat, and near the grare of hii friend Garriek; but bis monument, eieculed by Bacon, fornu oae of tbc chief ornaments of St. Paul's cathedral. As bu been Men at the 61st, and subsequent pages, Licbfleld ba» been the roidcnce of many other worthies, of whom, the limits of this work forbid any further notice. -

The Conduct LaiiDS nere granted lo certain irn^Uea, in 1646, by the master and brelhren of the Guild ofthe Blessed Harj, in Lidifield, " for the common wealth of the city or town of Liehfidd," and for keeping in repair " the common cnnduits and eoone of water" for the use of the inhabitautt. These lands, ritoatad al Norton, Wall, and Great and Little Wyrley, com- priie MlA. 3b. 6F.,let ror£582. Sa.peraunum. In the appli- cation of this income, the inistees attend, as their primary object, ID the keepiog in repair Ihe amd&it-ptptt and pumpt, providing fin-atgme*, and deffayiug; other charges incidental to supplying the citj with water from the springs at Aldershaw, which are aboDt a mile and a half from the city. AAet defraying these ezpoues, the following payments are made yearly, viz. £60 toward* paring and lighting the city ; £35 to the master, and £W to the n^er of the Grammar School ; and £20 each to the two warden*, who are elected by the trustees and sidesmen to in- spect the conduits, &c. Besides these regular payments, large occasional diabursemenls hare been made for the benefit of the town, amongx which we find £100, in 1797, ta«t«dft budding

04 LICHFIELD.

the MurkM-koTUt ; £25 in 1H03, lownrde cleftnsinK the i fool; £78 in 1810, towanls tlie purchase iifhuiiscs fin* BvoK-Hrrrt ; £f)63. Ids. in ISl'J, fur pat-iiig nnd tlnf^in; tlTtet; and £110 lowartU repiiiring the Grammar Sehvit in 18)7, tu HFiuKt in malfin)!: h new pavement ; and £U0 i towanls Bating; Sf./niN-ifrarf. A new feeoffintint of the is made tvetv 21 years, un tlie cxccntiou iif wliiuh, six s are appointeu l)y Ibe new feufiee^ and coDiiniie in olScc next feoffntent' ThcConstalileKiitleiul and sijni llieaco the gencrul audit. Since ]<i2I, tlie raervoirat Alilfrth9ir\ cnlai^il, and tite water of several neii^libnnring' spring ~ ' ' le old sprinp^ liavin); 1>eeon)e insiifficieut fni: the '

the dty. From tliis reservoir an anijilc supply i^ no iu pipes to lliepuMic pnmps, and fur tlie yenrlT ]>aytnen per non!«, tlic inlialiitunts inay liave it cimveyed into tb kitchens. Mr. Wn). I'erks, plumber, is »nprrinlenden.

T wiyrk*. As has already been seen, the ('lose is s hava the spring at Mnjilchayes.

The Art far Paring, LitfktiiM, Clmiuing, Watdang ai prorini/ ihe Ciry, wax ulilaincd in the 4l>tli of Geo^e II! vious to nhiL'h, the whole cost of li|i;l)tin;; the streets was ed out of the rent of the Conduit lantbi. Thv L-iiv luu tnirtt i Imt in OvtuheT, 183.1, it wan illuntinated witliMr. "OlifieHt'Gat-Oil', a tnin<^pan>nt spirit, iniinufaetured at fniib enal icai'-IHr. The lain|>s arc trininiril with sqnar of eotton-twisi, and are covered with reTolviii(r v« Tliey have the same am>earanec, and nearly as muol ,iney as the ordinary ffay. lampK. The asH^ssnient leiied inhaliitants, under the improvement aii, amounts to 1) pnnnd on the annnnl rental. Mr, Joseph Harding i-ollfctnr.

CHARITIES.

The Free Gbammar School, in St. Jolm-sircei, is gi eonsiiLered to hare been founded by Kiu<; Rilwanl Vl. ; lia^'e been uiublc to discover, amouK the reeunhs at ihi officet, any |cranl to lliai effect. TTic mdy dn-umstai Mtpears to connect it with a Rnyal foundation, is a payim the ExclKHiurr of £.t. Ills. Id. {ht annum to tlie niastiY, : to Ihe usiict. Tlio catltcKl document relating to it is a fei ilalml l.tHTtliv.laineiWfsbm and others, toZaeharyBa nnduthers, ot a teiicmeiil or brick homie, then used' as a called the " New School," and a close or gurilcn, on which tlie said Imnse was erected. Tlie«c still fonn part sclio-d prentlKcs; Init tlie present school-liou'* wiis en HW2, at tlie joint expense of the Corporation iind the Fei the Conduit I.!inds, iti ].art upon the tile of an old house iniz to the riirjHiration, and paitly up(in the site of an

riBLIC SCHOOLS. 05

buipi^ pUTChaMd bT ihe snid Teuffees. It will be neen in Uie KMUtt of Si. John's f{i»pitBl,tliiiltlkeGraiiiinarSGk>n1 fauiided te tlMi uxMltutioD by Bt^op Smyih, has been superseiJed bj*, ltd h* nrunnes (except (be mmtt'T'i mJarv) transferred to iJiU MbooL Tfawe Kveaves, with the pafmeDtK fnini tlie Exchequer, ud some nU>ei allomnces from the corporalittn and the tnistecit of tbeCondaitLaacU, couHiituIe the mome of this school, which, in irai, aminmted to XIOS. 19s. 4d. per umum, of wlijcli £30. ints paid III the unher, and the Test u the master, who haM ulso lb* mt lun ot a Inrge house near the ichoal, nheie he accuni' Dodaws almtit 18 bowden. Tlie yearly allawnncc from the Con- duit Idndi is £4S, and from the corporalioti £45, whieli lultor indudea £i trom Dean ^Vxllier's grant to the hospital school. The ;r«>if<i HiiDe of £1. (ia. M. each, given by Dean Walier, in IM7, tn nx f<ooT Kbolara in the hospital school, arc now paid liy tlic cflrpontioQ to sis poor boys iit this ^clioot, Hppoiiilea by the Iwilillh These boys receiie theii education gratis, and arc in f*cl the only free scholars in the school ; a guinra nnd .i lialf per r;n.irrrr Mnir Hnr^rril (or i-^'-h "( thr -nlii-r -Vrv '.-h'lhr' in

nusleni. Some of tlie greatest men, whose names Ibiow g, lustre on the hXeurj sniMlt of the last century, received the rudiments of their edncuianmtdu* school. Among the moK distinguished of ihero, wen A4diM», Wookston, Ailimole, Gurick, and John- wm. n« Sm. C. Smith, B. D., is the ituular, and Robert Coaphad tbewW.

MiHon' EHaLim School, for the instractian of 30 Sxe boys in Engiish reading and the catechism, nas founded in 1677, by 7%amMt JfiMon, who oidowed it with his house in Bou-stnet, lo be lued as the school and master's dwelling, and with three closes at Leamonsley, containing 0 acres, now partly cultivated as garden ground, and let for £30 per annum. He also b

qneatbed his cloM in Hattocott-Une, (1 acre, now let for £4 a year, whicb is Mnplofed in repairing the school buildings, &c.) and a rent charge or ds. 8d. out of his bouse, in Uarket-street The school has since been aagment«d with three other benefac- tioDS, Tis. SOi. yearly out (rf'laJad at Leamonsley, left bjWilliam Jemm, in 10B6 ; the interest oi£M, led by Joan Parker, in 1727; and the dividends of £3,333. 68. Sd., three per cent, con- xris, left by J»dmB NtMoit, Eij., in ISOl, to be enjoyed by Mary Wiseman, dufing her life, and after her death, which took place a fiew years ago, to be paid to the trustees for the use of thissciioel; the yearly income of whicb is now upwards of £135. The trustees are ArUiur and Richaid HincUey, Esqis. Mr. John Clifford is the vuuter.

The NtTioN^L School, in Frog-lane, established in 1S09, by 'ubscription, is condactcd on the Madras system, and suf ^rted

i)6 MCIIFIRLD.

i.'liiefl> 1>v ajjuunl cuntriliutions ; I'ach nubwriLor of . upwards beinir enlilled to hu\e five i<c1)i>tani voHftniitlf al Tdc corporatioii now pav tii tliis itchool, £11 vtatlv, ax tLe i otTerrick'i Charity for ciliii-jtuiii, coii^stiug of £200 tb cent cmisoIk, uud h Iiiiiim: in Tumworth-siTect, let for £ iffl^ lease, which will expire ir 18K3. This house is now £3& a year, linvinf; Iweii rebuilt tiv ilit^ leawltDldcr. The lias a\so £(Ki'A. 3s. 5d. new four per cent, stock, purchase Mieml donutions and k't;nci(^. Shoes are given to the a in Nuvemlwr, iind Iribkii niid prAjer bonks when they lei Kcltool. Mr. Willtnin Alleii is the first nnd present nuili one of the eurlieHt teachers on Dr. Bell'ii svslem.

The Gibus' School of iNnusTsv, in Dam-slreet, is sof l>y the aiinnal contributions of the benevolent ladies of Lie for tlie educution of 114 poor Rirls, of whom 40 are also c by Uie charity. Miss l-'uniival, of Stuwc Hill, erected, id an Infant School, hi the fi)ot of Stowo-sireet, and peue

Ci the inisti«ss fur iiiKlnicting the poor cliildren of Uie i rhiiod, on the ingenious svsleui of iiifanliiie inMruciion dnccd by Mr. Wilderspin. tu Siindford-slreet, tliete is ai Inftmt Sehool, which was liuilt ii few years ago by tnbscri]

The DispENS.iHV, fur reliciing the sick and lame puc ibcMENDieiTvOFFirE, for Hffordiiigr tomporarj- shelter numerous vngiiants who pass tliniuf;h LichRcId, arc both in worth-Klieet, and art- supported by voluntary contrihutioni

TIic Lunatic AsrLi-M, pleasantly situated nt SaiidReld, I niile S. of Lichfield, is a well conducted inslilution, belt lo Dr.Riittlev, ofKrccrnrdCDttap'. It was cuiniuenced ii Air. Nnmucl )lei);hway is the suniTintcndeiii.

Tilt Women's IIos'pit^i., in Bacon-street, is said to liav Iniilt ill I (24, by Willitiui Ilavworlfa, Bi-dion of Lich6r Coventry. It connsls of a hniiding principally n( hmk tainin(! iH comfortable dHcllinirs for as many poor wnmei an R]Kirtnient used us a cliapel, with u small ^nleii at llu TIip t-arlimi endoumeni for the inaiulennncc of the ainisi consist'- of t<Vi acres of laud, an<l seveml houses and other iiifts situaleil in LicIiHcId, ami ut C'iir1i»n)ui;li, Elinhunl, lev, Kinfr's Bnimlev, Biretiills, and l*ipe Hill, .-uid bequi in' I3U4, by T&nmas Milln/, one of tlic canons riside; 1'lli^ ]tMpeny now jtrodnccs uboul £3jI> ]ier ;iiinuni. follii«in)f sums of money also riinn jiarl of ihe fund der ihc niauajn'ment of' the inisiccs, vi/.. jClOO Nav; per c('ut<>., o1>(aiiic<l ill IM)!I by the sale of timber -m the ebaritv estate^; A'llM left in ITWi, bv G,:inyf i XlOn leh bv 'Jftir amlnll.ln ITMl; £<At IdUii T:>8iI, bv i NalarfiTilf and £f«I IcI^ by Mrt. Saudf-Hnl, iii 1771. le^'acu's swell tlic yearly inriiuie of the hospital lo akiul -ml tif iijiirli ih<- l'f> aliuswomen wcvivc payineiiis amount

ALMSHOUSES. ^)7

ii5 hI. fucii per Meek, wbicb, with tlie salaries to the sacn>t uiul .xgt'ut (i!*'21), aii<l some other expenses, amounts to about i^307 iK-r iiniuinu lesivin^ an annual surplus upon the income of ^:<, *%\hic\i hxs lieen aceuuiulatiuj? during the last I;) years for iIk- purpose of making provision for an additional number of alms- women, it< out pt'njtioners^ of whom there are now six. In 17JK3, Mrs. (jjisirpll, before-named, cpive a further sum of £100 to Ik* laid out ill the reiuiir and improvement of the hospital. Amonir.^t I be If> feoffees appointe<l by the last trust deed, in 180*, were die Dean, tlie Preeeiitor, the Viear of St. MaryV, and many of the principal srentry ol the city and nei^ifhbourhood. These trus- lee< ^t'leet the alm^women from the most rcspeetsible and a^ed jxmr. The Rev. Henry White, the mcriJit «»f the eathedml, i^ m/iJtfrv of tlie Ikospital ; and Mr. William Bond, is aycnt to tlio tnisiees.

St. John's Hospitai., in St. John's street, was founded by one of the bishops of tlii« diocese, as early as the reijpi of Henry Id, The oldrsi record we fnul relatin;^ to this reli^^ious house or hospital, is in 1252, when KAduluh dc Laeock, canon of Lieh- rtrld, cave |.and«, at Khnhurst ana Stitchbn)ok, for the mainte- Ti.iii' r of ;i prii-^t to celel'ijite nia*^^ for his soul, and for the sup- 5»«ir .iltlio ii'lirni in tho ^.ii<l liospital. Tiie conlinnation of lliis LTJii. I'V tlic bi>:lio]» and rb;i]>tiT, is stated to have ])coii mad* III rlii ',f;iNvii^.- of the di'jin, ** of the prior nf llie hospital of Si. .'.ir.i, ;i:i-i nf ihr bnthrLn :»m<1 sisters thiTc ^ervinj;- (iod." Altn iiiM-i'j" t.«l]«ri into ^rnr.ii di.va\, the hosj)ital ua^ rebuilt in 1 lJ».';. !-. lli^h']! Smyth, \\h" proiiiiiIir.iti'«l ii nrw liody of ^^lat^l^->., Ifi'ir.'jii; lii.il ilif e^talflishuKiit siiould consist of a mnxfrr, ^n ' f /»/<, in prii"*tV ordi rs, :i m'l^tir of tfrainmar^ willi an ii>1>cm" to iiinU I'i'oi rliibUvn, a r-liaphiin, an<l thirttvn Imntst punr )mn .- tin iiia-U'i to l»c appoinli'd Iiy tlu' bisluip, and to ba\e tlic :iji j«"!:.li:j»'"!l oi ill ihcrcst of thr fstalillslinicnt ; and, fm the main I- :miii»- t»f liiiiiM-lf and tb«' >u[)pori nf tlio oilier-, to have all tin i;ji.'-, a vrinic'-, it iil'^, piitlil':, tithes, tililalimis, and emolunieiil-. i'l j«!iL;it;ir to ilie hi'^piial. The \»7t««'/. uhiih in l;>f»r, reeei\e«l i t.ir.-«i«ltial»Ie ^t nelaclitm from liir/imd i\'nUin\, Dean olClie le:. !:i- ii'»i l'e»'!i kepi in the l>o.,jiital lor many \car-, but, sine" ITt'i. ii-v r«\e!iiie'; lia\e In en appr ijnialed i«> the ^rani;)ia.

- i.'"..!, .T^n- ;.i)l,. 1,1 ;i siuUite tif Hisboj) Sniallbroke. lie- /</(-- /' ''v "t lije lio'^pii.il now con<i"*ts of >evei.il larnjs and ]iareels of' iimi. I'l lb'- n»:iiililrMnlioi)il nf liieliiiebl, «'ontaininu os;>a. ^ioi*. ; .!>- 1 "r-J'^-ix. '2:t\'. o| land at DeiilialK in ('he>hiiv. Tluse lain!

- < !- ' til *^7 liji.ml^, upon renewable lea^Ci loi iltiee live>, wjiii »--- ii". u'«i"r. ' li It 111- an'l lines upon Kn»\\.i]. The \earl\ .MinMin

I iiir <-i.iir.'/ i-rii!', is (.nl> £,'177. 1-. <mI. ; but i he //;<».% .v.i- \viv '».!;;. lU' , a - we iind iIm! h<»ni l^^'M lo 1 ">'2I . llie\ ainrMM'!e'i t L'',''JT, a:V<«idiii-i mm ,i\ei.i;;e .inioril Ki-'-ijU mJ 1'|;-. ,,^^ ' lal.i I-,"., Willi till- ! I r\eil ifiii-. lb" 'io!;i| annnjl in: .lo- .{ -;. >,'i;il £'i'> > i:i I'J-linnii '-I f/ii-, 'In:-'!. < .; .\\.r... ;-'»

98 BtSTORV OF LICHFIELD

7 flures of laud altacliad to it, belnnging to tin occupied liy biiu, but wbich the iDle luastcr, sfter liaviif et- pendciliibnTe;£l,300 in improrenKMils, let for £loa wraaiiBm. Diculinlc of thiKinivinc isTCceivtd bjihe mister, hIioktniIt piiytiient« to tiie alniipcopk, \c., amount to £196, lemif «urpltiii fur Iiimiuilf nf £159, betides thn value of bia lerid^. Bv the Klittulrs of Bisbop Smith, the master is anlj bonoit* pity 7il. per utck to euch of tlip 13 almBiAcn; but iJbrir waUf iiirame iiiiu' omountj to abnut 4s. 6d. eacL, of which hi biIi at- fourth ari!<ex from the followin;; y«arlj paTments, Tit, Xl.4h fmm tlic uomeii'slioitpital nn acrnunt at Santrford't gifi; tU frum Fivhaam't charilu; £\. Bf,. fmm the Bailifls of I inMiM. ultd XH. from ilfni. Piabe Simjuon'i Fherilj/. Tlia alnunxiiR aim funib'bcd witli coals, coals, and medical atteDdanoe, it Ae expcitM (if the iiiiistei, »lii> also payit £20 a year to the mitnM who miili-s in the bwpitid and wails upon the rick and inGm. Oiwofihi- innlniitmcii is oppointc'lliv the Prebrndarrof Free- turA, and the ml by tliu ninsler, nho diies not cosine W choke to iW iitha)iitimt» ofLiubticld, ibonpli tlicy gtmiallj haTo the prefi.'rcni,'e. The Uiupilal is a (nloumv biiitdiup, itmaAable for llic niDiibi-r and curious (bmi of ibc cfiimneys, wUch aic placed ii) its front, pnijcctiii|t fmm tlic foundutiuti lil:c biitlMECs. Tlr CiiAri'i. is an unvicnt edifice, which, in l)^l>, was enlarged by thr I'rectinn of n fiiallery iind north nil));, at the e»eii*e of the

Jrc-.nt uiatliT of llic lio^iiitiil. the Kcv. James TfaonasLaw, I. A. TI:c(>ninn«iu>puKn;iM-d by subscription in lKU,andlhe cbapct has bit'ii fu much iinpruvvtl thnt it lias now a munerput and re^-ciiiblo viniinv-sition. Tlie rannu-r's house Mandi be- hind tlut hoKfHlul, hni has an open pnispcct to the soulh-ncsL

FrrAiMM** Chariltf lo lir tro Ilmpilah ivnshK of IHa. 3a. Wr. of land iiLar LicbSeld, Hon let fur £i!7. 17s. per annum, wIuA j is divided ciunllv Iwtwcen tlie Women's and St. Juhn'a Uaeptd ' for tlie u-v at tW inmnU-", OKTceiiblc to the will of tlie doMi; John Fcckniim, <latul I.V.i. The l'frporali"H jmv \etaly £9.4*. to ibe Women's HiKpitnl, anil X'l. r<>. to Mt. Jijliii's Hoapiul. nt the priH'tvds nf scvi-Ril li-^nicies by pcrnouk of (be namn ef llVihan. Nallr, Allen and Crri^tl.

Ltmn'i Al«ish«uset <roii<ii'I of six dwelliiii;.: in Stuwe-niMl, oilU f.>iirdciis, inliabilcd bv six prnir n^rcd wiilowK of LichMd. 'I'iifv »iTf itiviii for thi> 'purpi-e. in l7Cia bv Williiim Lnnn, «)-' i>ii.l<>ncd them uith S acns i-f land in i.»iV' Fiirlon;;, Irt for i.'1(< |H'r .11IILUIII. 'I'lii* tent has for luuiiy yrars bevii empbiycd in i.-]viirin'.r the nlmsbi>ii>V'.

T)li< I\>TITI'T]ilN Kill Dir Wll»IV.-s AM) UAfllHTrail (V

fLJ:R':VM]:N, fono'. » m\v h-.iV-hir.r in ilu- Clii-i-.d-u^iMintf nf 20 <mr.<ni1>lt-du.'lliiiv>. uicttill'vt':.' I'liMces'-f.-tiH/nir A'nr.'oa, /:. , . - '.->. by iii.lnit,iri i;i i7:i:-'. aii.i !v, will a fow \i-.ik atut- i.'- . ;j.''.-flrTeil to TiinniH^ Hhnkltv, ]:^<:., ir.d three of the I,:-..- -,1 ;,.-, . -'-..i 'jf LichfieU, iwo juiiu t'l'JJCM \.\kcc {ei

ALMSUOrSES. 0\)

rent. con.<olu1ate(i annuities, in trust for the purpose of constitu- tittfsa, charitable institution for the relief and support of \vi(l(i\\s and unmarried dauurhters of cleiprynien of the Church of Eiiir- laud, nf the aj»c of 50 or upwards. It was jiirrrcd tliat the tni - Ice^ *»h»iuld out of the tlividcmls of this stiK-k rjii>c a sum, iini «!^c*.edinji JK3,0i.H), and apply it in ohtaininp: hind, and ercctiiiL,- ibcreon, liabitatious for the ohjects of such cli.-iritable institution ; and that as ^khir as the habitation^ should he conipK'U'd, they should apply the dividends of tlie said stock (i'l,'i(K) ])er anmnnj, after paying for the repairs of the premises and other charges, (»r so much thereof as should Ih' thoutrht proper, unto and anionj;: the widows and tUiuirhters of clergymen chosen us aforesaiti, to oc- cupy the almshouses, so that the share of no one of thcin sliall exceeil Ibe annual sum of i.';>0. Hv tlie terms of the foundation deetl, the dean and chapter of Jjiclilield arc appointed special \ isitiiri of this excellent charity, and appoint the inmates ^ith tlie appmbation of the trustees. The twenty persons now enjny- in:r it< fienefits, have each a 1^^^! htuise witli a Mnall garden, ai:d i yt irly stipend of X'.'iO. The present trustee^ in who^c iiui«!»'» I'lt' t'und< are in^e^^Icd are, the Rc\. Spfnccr Ma(hin, and Aiii.".r I]i;::Ue%, Henry C'hinn, and .John .Mott, iNiirs., ol' Lichlichi.

BENKKACTIONS TO THE POOR.

Lowe's Ciiakim, w.Mihl, if it had l»ccn pr«»jierlY nian;!u< :i. ha\c now lifcn out* of the richest hc:u*rM«'iioiis in l,i(lilitl<l. fur »!- rind it conipriM-s .*i7a. '2n. :V2v. <»t' land, and a nuni^'rr if b'tii^-^, coiuirt**, Vc. in the city and nciirhliourlioiMl. \Si>r.\i apw.ini". of JL'M«». jkt annum; hut they h:!\c hmjr Icrn Kt - is rcaruahle lea^ics f«»r tlircc li\c-. or ftirtv \cars rcscvvintr ^uili Miial! rents a-^ oiilv pro<hicc almul 1170. a \car. Hcinir a\\.i:»'

- a -

of ihe inexpediency of this improvident mo'U* oi' U'ttinij ilir

charity lands, the present tru»>tee> liaxe for some ye;ir.s Ixi n

endea^oiirintr to renu'd\ the evil, ])y inerea>inir the re'-er\eil n nts

-iid tliminishiniT tlie liiH's on tin' renewal of h a^'s. Piir-'a.;i:i t..

thf will of the don'»r, Michael Lowe ldate«l liJ.'^T), tlie i:i':'!i:» i^

iipphtd in uivinir -'» ''frt hmtl «/*#-->»//%, a n„if^ a hnt^ and U. ^il. i'.

in 'ney. tn a» many of thi* oldest and nn»»*t iii'liirenl male h«Mi-«-

kre|H.rs of Lichfield, beinir pari»«hioner'«, hut n«»l rrr(i\inL^ ji.irt'

- hul relief, or other aid fn»m alnishouM-. a- it >ull eMeiid t" ;

hut none are ncrmitled to receive the eharilv luo vear> -'.i -in -

cesMon. The di-^tribulion In made on St. Tlmmas's dax. \Mi». n

the panici pants j>rtH'«ed in their new elotlu's to Si. .Man's

Church In the early pari of winter the overseers of St. .ALirx's

distribute an anniiit\ of i;is, Kfi by HiNnv S\\\\n/\\\ jhiuml

pFttioiais liiif^uiL^t the p«»or women of Liehlield. (ii oik.i. ('--!

Ll^s, in Uk)7, left a rent eharj^'c o( £:\. out «d' lan<l in the infii-

ihip of Pi|>e, to b«" distributctl by the eorporalion i?i lU'w cli>f/i

iPini# ain«iu$rst ponr women. Jn JUi.'f, i/i Mf/ZKiY .M\iTiii\vv

leftdA. oDtl i4p. of laud in Do\ vhoubV-ilM and in \Vi^J.age. \et

100 IllSTOKV or LlCHFIELii.

in l.yi1 for X'2>'). l')f. u year, which is distributed hy the cor)*ora- tifiii as follows, \i'/.. 20s. fur two seniioiis at St. IVIarv*sand 8f. Chad's, on the Suiiduvs after New YejirV dav and taster, and tJie renjaindn* in stnff ,:oinis to poor widows with 2s. t>d. each in inouey.

Finney's ('iiAiinv conipri-^i s (»Ha. 3u. 21 p. of land with sevcRil huildinprs near Yj>xjiI1, Bentley, Wall, Pipc-Rid^are and liiehlield, let in IH21 for £'2Uh (>s. per annum, and bequc&thed in UiW>, by miiimn Hnmy^ to the coriMiration, in trust to dis- tribute the rents yearly in nvovidinp ef»als, clotliing, SaCy for 30 i>oor men and 10 poor widows of this city. The corporation lave in their hands £'1(K> arising fn^ni surplus of income, and n>r which they pay £X lOs. per (rent, which swells the t(»tal vearlv income of the charity to i^222. I()s. As the annual funds !iave^)cen mi hirjj^cly inereascil since the time of the douor, thev have been a]»plied, not in pvinp: additional advantages to the number of persons limited bv his will, but in extending llie allowances therein spceific<l, to a //r«vi//T wjiwW of object^. The participants now consist of about 110 men and .00 women. To each of them are jrivcn (>s. for coals, and Is. in money; the mm have also each a (-o«^ with the letters W. V. sewed on the risrht --leeve, and a vinnmon fell hat. The wv>?nc», who are all nf^ml widows, have each n stuff' (jotrn, a cap, and a handherchirf. Lists are kept of the annual* distributions, and in «reneml tJie same perscMis do not pa;laVe of this charity oftcner than once in tw© ycar»i. The sur[>lus income is oecasiijnally applied in dislribut- ini; blaiikct:5, Vc , anionirst the j^^encral poor; but there have often birn ctinsiderable balances left in the hands of the treasurer, an impropriety which the cor|)oration, in 1821, promised to reiiiedy in future.

Tlie Jiuhis of thv Minster CVmnV?/ consists of X'lOO which is sup- posed to ha^e arisen from the sde of materials after the dilapidap tion of the catlu'dral in the civil wars of Charles I., when a simihir sum was paid fit»m the same sour'C to theparis^h of Wal- sall. The yearly interest, XT), is jiaid by the coqiomtion, in the proportions of X*2 to St. Mary's, and X'l. lOs. each to St. Michael's and St. Chad's parishes, to be distributed in bri'ad by the overseers.

The churchw aniens and overseers receive XlH vearlv from the manor of l)ra\ton Basket, as the l.iclifiebl portion of Hmry .Vf«»M',f Charifif, and eni]>b>y it in apprenlicinjr poor children of the city. Jnhn AVr///, A'av-, in l(»3s, be^ueathtd a yearly rent charjre* of £C\ out of houses in Hisllop^:ate-slreet, and Angel Alley, London, to the ]Mi.»r of Lichliebl, vi/. one half to tlu»sc in the < 'itt/, and the otlier to tho^^e in Stoitr-strtet^ to be pven in week- ly doles of bread. Frnnvix an*l John Drakhi'^s (%iritt/ is -lOs, n year i>aid out of lands in Leycroft and Boley ; 10s. to the niini*- ier of St. MnTy'\ and .'^Os. in bread, to the poor of the citv, t<» he distrihutvd on the Wednesday aivcx Ks>\i-\\ c^Vw^.-sA^n . ftw*-

TuJHrb

id IfiS^bftfinn uAVlud in Cnrborougli,

B }enr, wUd (i dlMribntcd in nwD niros on

^^^ Mr. K. Shunt and A. Hinckley, Eiq. are ihc

l^'T^ jeaj\y aaa of34i., left in 1037, b^ Marganl

.rndpnid oat of li boon In Sandiind-etTeet, ia given to 12

a widir«»,oa Guod MdHiud Chrisbnu Ere, in mims of Is. apiK« wek dar. In 1(91, mflim J7anbi left to the coqwia- iCm. aa acw <tf land cuDed Kedii^ Fit and Walker's Croft, in >Bwt iDiMT ia.4. 4il. ymdf , br two tennoiu at 8L Hary'son 'JBtn*a4 Palm Sumlnvi^ and bi divide tlie icaidiieof the rent fciaiiM Ok i<o»r Tlda land u now l«t for £8. a jear,

. ;«i^. In be dutribuud amongiM

BUdulph left XS. a year oat of a tkim at Ht . iiid, ittbedutribuU'dKTnongiM taepooTc'" "

llq and CtunOuaji E>u. In 1873, Mmy 'Woaa (n Bstcber-row Oa. Tcady towardi

Oa. Tcadr toward npaiiing Sl Maiy's poor. In r

udv-amtiMted parisliea. At tlie te Aaii^ land ««i exchanged, s anda M ii, ao that it now comprise

-Inndh and lOa for ibe poor. In 1700, JtJai AOmoU left £60

' * *K now Toted wiih tlte corporation. Mrt.

'\<a of an ancient rent chuge of 15s. paid

a HiNTON, in 1684, bequeathed bit Uniis and builditii,-^

t and Burton, for the poor of Lichfield anil iW

t the enclosure, in 1900, pan uf ged, and several alloUncDts were IF comprises SOa. 2b. 26p., let for jCISU Mt aagn, which ia divided neariy as followft, viz. to fiunon, nilliiaillll. and Forebridge, £30 ; to Lichfield £43 ; to SlaObrd i>l ; la WolveAamplon £40; and to Walsall £31. The p«r- MMidectMl aaobjecuoftlmbounty, are the poor housetcipeis tt A* aercral paiislicfi, not receiving parish pay, and the <li-,tri. .luiana are made by the ministeis and eliun;hnaTdeii5.

SaMOBt HoDSLsr, by will, dated 1733, dcri^ to tlic corpur::- tm,ia Bust tor the benefit of the pour of the whole rit\ ul ythUd, tea hoiuet. Sec, in the city, and several pieces of I'luid il tta HbcftT of Elmhunt, and at Bunning Mill, Wi^ijitrc, Vi'. Ihnof the muds at Elmhurst, were excbitngcd in 1819, under Aipowon of the IJchfield enclosure BcL The charity c»in<c, iu Ml,«aaletfor£l«},andinl831 for£2aOpcr nunum. .Utcr mfiflkut amall reserved rents to the vicar's-choral, the iiin^ fKM 8l John'a Hotipital, and the king, and providing fur the

'"- ' of the buildio([», &c., the reddne of the incnnie is

^ the poor, in sums of 10s. and sometimes uf 30^.

Bt Chiistmss. In 1821, besides a balance of £lKt

account, the corporation hod in their possesMi.n

' to this charily, of which £100 was b«]ue:ii]i(u

r, the donor of the lands and boitdiags.

'aupield, in 1733, bequeathed all hiti mc>.'ii:it.'('

bmds, and lencmcnts, in the liiy uid \\\ni-

ficiaej JtawUtts, and ihe heirs of his l.^Av

Allure of Mtchisfue, tbra the raid pTOfcvly <,

Jbw^.t "«» wak imhonai

BENEFACTIONS, &.C. 108

every Cbrislmas-tlavi as the inierestH|<C30. left by Richard Edgty in 1773. Thej hare XSI in tte LicbGcId Bank, mid earrj the iaterest to the church acconnt, though £50 of ihe money is supposed to have been gi*en for the pool, by a Mn. Heflitr, in I77t9, They hare likewise a house in Biiat-street, let for £20 a-ycar, and bequenih«d in 1620, by John Uuing, for the repoiis of St. Marif't Church.

St. Mkhael'i Vhunh Landi, &c. comprise Mveral parcels ol kwd, with houses, bams, Stc at Green-hill, Spear-hill, Frog- lane, Ca>tle-ditch-laue, and Falfen-^eo, now let for £125 per annnin, which is expended iu repairing the church, the organ, uid the clock. The donor of tiiis property is unknown. The poor of St. Michael's parish have £3. tOs, yearly from land at Putler'ft-gTeen, left in 1735, by Elizaheth BaiUg; and alsu £i yearly out of a house in Lombard-ilreet, left by Grrenumod Gregory.

The folIowiDg charities belane: solely to the pariih of Si. Chad, vis. 6s. 0d. yeoil* out of land in Smitlifleld, left by a Mr. - Tuimfttrngj 01. si. out of a bouse in Stowe-ittreet, leftby Thnnvu JftckauD ; aad 10s. to ten poor widowsofSlowe-streetand Biicnn- street, left by Alice Simpson, ajid now paid out of three houses in StowC'Slteet, belonging to tlic E^rl of l.ichiitlJ.

The S«tinos'Bank, at the National School, in Fn^-lane, was established in 1SI8. Its deposits in November 1832, amounted to £27,516. 8s. 9d. belonging to 790 individuals, and three Friendly Societies. The bank is open every Friday from 12 till 3 o'clock. Mr, Wni, Allen is the secretary.

The WosKHOL'SEs, for the three parishes, are situated as fol- lows, - St. Mary's inSandford-strcet; St. Chad's in Slowe-street ; and SL Michael's at Gieen-hill. Though the city possess charit- able funds and estates nhich produce upwards of £5,000 per annum, its poor-rales are as high as those of any other place in the county, of a similar population, for we fiud they amount yearly to about 33. per pouna on the rdck rental.

OUT TOWNSHIPS.

ri in Si. Miehatl't

and Elmhvrst have 349 inhabitants, and ai

within a mile of the city, beyond Pones Mill, an extensive carpet anil worsted manufactory, near Stowe Hill. It was anciently a member of the Bishop's barony, and is novt the property of the Iievett family. Elmhurtt, near the Uttoxcler road, two miles from licbfiefd, is mosilj' Ihepropeny of John Smilh, T*i\,*. mMgUoaie, who resides ia the luiU. It compnaw *\:iu.\. Wft

104 niSTOST OF LICHFIELD.

iicref, Rnd invhides thg Inmlei of Stilrhbrook; ncai wlucfa U Chritiiim FMd, where tradition saj-n 1,000 Britith uhristiiuu v,t:K mofftxKA. The following ore the priuvipiil iDhabitonU.

Tkott jnarktd * art in Cartorongh, and tht ml in £/aiA«rtt.

B»t1ct Thomas, com miller, irtffc Fartticrt. Emery Mri.

Pipe Milt Adumi J. Smith Willikm

Chccthum Ccurgr, bulilf Brown Tbomu Summpn John

Itauhiiry J»Iin,fi:ntl«niiti I Burkin George Tompkin ~'

BviiNTivoon, Edrehili., and Woodhoi'se!. are tbret^ hamlet* of Rtraj;frlin<; hou!V!=, riimiintr n joint tnwnsliip and ehnpelr)', on the enslcni side nfCnniiocl Chniic. extendi ug fmm li lu 3 inilrii W., and W, liv S. of Licblicld. Besides an extensive cummuii- tiprhl on the Clone, Bumtuood eontains 700, Kdgeliill 3W, ftnd M'uodlimises 13>t9 avrcs^nf land, nil in a pMid elate of ciiUi- Taiiiin. Tlic Marquis of An-rlescv l- lord i>f Bnmnmod, and liusiilsoa iMranioniitjiirisdii-lion'iu F.<)|^hil1 and Woudfaouscs, of iiliii'li S. P. Wolversion, E'u\. of Stratford, is the mesne lord; Imi lure are miiny (qnuller freeholders. On the Cliasc u an es- ifTi'ive rabhil-ii-arrnt, with a neat house called Ciuiey Lodjce. .\fni'l,--haiir.<. the pUiisanl seat of Juhn Atkinson, E^i)., and Pipi Hall, nil anirienl iiinnnr lionsv, now uteupied 1)v a liirmer, are in the lianilct of WwKlhinises, as also is AdteRhniik, an ancient f:imi-h'ni>e, «it1i smnp euriuus relics of stained riass in its win- dows. Not far froui those in Ed^ill, ra Edial Half, a gond squnn- liriek inniinnn, «itli a cupula and balhistr.ides, ccle- IiRiiril as the liouse in which that cmiutiit Irxiciifrrapher Sumiirl il>ihn»im, LL. D. ojiencd nn Bcadcniy in 17^13, but nnl nin'liii)^ with sutruietit eiicourattemcnt he did not Inii); remain in ilii> uh.<eurc siiujitiou. Tin- CiiAPF.L, hi Burntuoiiil. is a snuill brick cdilln'. bnili in \i\'A. J( i-i a eurney wonh :i1»ml XlOO. INT annum. Tlit R.-v, Tli.mi;is HitrH.Kul. f). 1>. i> the incuin- Jidil : iiiid Ihc- viivir .if Si. MiiryX Liclitiehl. i- the jwtr.in. Tie lutlcr hiLs the Muail iilh(-s, )im S. Suiufcii, Esq. is impnipriamr >f ihi> i«rv> (itlic. The Yii.i-.il Sriiooi,, al Biimtw.n>J, wiw UKlMiMd in ]7(i.-..iij ilfrs. Elhah,lh «o//. «ilh i'tiOO, ..f which i;ar"i«,isi\p(nrlcilincni-tiiiiriliPwlin"i!.hoiise. Tlie mnaininii X'lOd is securcii nii :i fiirm, in liHrnt»i«il, brlonfriii? lo fleiienl KeynarfUiiu. aicl r.nn- nccujiird hy Thomas l.)t*rri*, Tli? vcarlv interest. 4'li>. i>, iiiid to the Mlmulinasicr for w.nltinf! ntor'chiJ'C- ren of Bunnu<>i:d. n'oodhouses. Eil^-chill. and hbiitmicruiih. Thi* nusler has alsn I«s, vwrlv as the inltrc't of i.'SO tefi bv Amfrrir Xm-fon. k'uf. Tlic nniiiinl sum of i'l i is paid out of (wtneral /ifvH.ir-Json'.s frimi. as iincic'.t i<t vw" \pv.-vcw- Riven hi Mrf. Eh'jrnfHib Ball fi.r thr poncottlic fe\«^ia.(n\KV*'j\\*\'aMft<^'.

ST. MICHAEL'S PARISH.

Wh

lilt I'm* half of it l>elung%{ to fiumtwood. The poor have aKa

"-evcral oihtT Benefactions. In 1705, William Cadmaii W-

qiieatlicd a cottage ^vith a prarden and croft at Edgohill, (ikiw

Ui for ilA. l«">s.,} and directed the yearly rent to ])e employed as

foUiiws.vi^. 2l»s. for twu sermons to be preached at llannnervueh

ehapt'l, on the tirst Sunday in Lent and the Snnday aftor St.

.lauifs'flay ; and the remainder to be distributed ainon«j:>t the

ji^irof \Vi «iihouM.-$, Edgehill, and Bumlwood. He also left Xw o

runt chanrt> to Ik.' paid out of liis house and land at Kd^reiiill.

I iz. -10.*. for a <^?nuon to be pivaehcd at Hammerwich, on the

tjrsi Sunday after every nuartcr day, imd 4()s. to the p(u»r of tliis

iliapelry, ^^ho bare als^o the interest o{ JL^CtO left by James Wat-

kitiM^ in lrK).j, and £1. «>s. Hd. yearly from the bequest of .bihn

Wanl, out of his e.'^tiite at Ed^ebill, but of the latter, (Js. 8d. is n»r

the miuWtcr at Uammerviich for a sermon on Whit-Sunday, and

.'>>. for tlie poor of that low ns^hip.

7'A»w marked 1 are at Ediffhili, 2 at W'tHnihnjtses, and the rest at

liumtu'ond, or wht^rc specified.

\-:'.;r% F. IwaP.l, S!U'pki'«jKT 1 \«:'.ir% Mrs. Kli/al'cth AikJ:;-: Kuluiril, nail iiiukcr

- Vtiii »- n .li'hn, E>«|. MapUhayi\s

- IW/iri^fi-rJ ThiMiiav, wlitvlwriiiht Cr.vM"<W lianial'V, >h'H-niakcr iKrry Jan.v'i.w.irmi-kcfpir, Coney

Lir.-if; U". A. «:i-h«Nilina«.tir

1 <;.:!- y <i. .^r.e, l«lark>inith

H- rii'i. r r.\!i» i> Ni-wcll, beer lioust-

.J II i*».- ^iil<«'» i .-.r t .'-.^ ; :i, _.ir.lein r ! .:!!- r .'.i>. lail-'i' an»l l>e«.r lniu>c I..:'!' r 'li-'T';.!'"., t;iil«»r M">. :. Win. ^iil. iiu-l l»»U»li. fJ;ill 1 P.ii !- r Ti;"ii:.i-, _«iilliiiian -J ;-;.--.:? M Mir.i.irn, brirknuikrr r:v:k U il'iaiii. I'lark>i:i'lh

>najic Rii l;;i:il, wluclwii-lit Suetton Willidiii, «liapcl «.ltik

.^ly*'l;«! Ilcnry, Kscj, Kdyrhill lla'.i \N\'bl> Ilv. vii'i. and luitiln r. Mar 2 Williauiii John, sl'.opktrjH r

Faumf.rs. Mtirhd - are ytomtn. 2 .\lhnr.<Iw.,-/AA-l Jiu.-kxMi Join: luhrooA- '2 ,I"lm>«Mi \\ i;;. AlbvriL'lit Win. -Lane 'rij<iii.;i- A-I.urv - 2 I'.iik FM'.-.anl

1 -A-^hmalc Wni. /'/> //.///

'2 A-]iMi.ili .li»lin*2 RoliiiiMin W m.

1 r.ia.llii'.nio lll.*2 SankrxTii.iM.i- 2 Kiiiwn Ji'lin, -Sniitli Win.

Miip/rlutyrs 2 Sl« phones I !i'- . '2 i'oo\nv Henry Tihlnr ,Ii'liii -Cruttliliy \U\\. *'ruil(»r W'wx. '2 Dcnni.- riminasWot'lh-y Wip. -DiTi-y .laiiirs

Drrry 'rii.»nia> S/ior rii ihir.>

-Dt-rry Wni. r»uil<»n tui'i\:<. -Jl». riy Wni. I Uurli-n J.v.a^.

2 Ilairi>"n Danl. ( ra<lil('<k - i*IIitclMn>un <H«». Ilorton TlK-nia'-

FiktiLBUKK t«»«nshii», in the vale of the Tame, 4 miU-^ V.. u{ Liehticlil.eontainK }Hi inhabitanf^ and about NUM) acres (ifriilj land, of which two-thirds belonjr to the llcjn. F. G. How.inl, --f Klford, tlie lord of the manor. Ifudemorr^ cni tin; S. W. ^'uU- ot the townslkip, is a hir^T v^UiU- }>i-}nii'rjnir to Sir Ili;»berl Peel. \\\ iW reifm of Etii^nrrl 11 1. , /'n/iinriek ufi.s held bv llie \\-\u>\'

RISTURV OF LICHUKLP.

[ efCbcsUf. lu 1736, dftLMajquis of Musaivene »ald it (^ I Swinfeu, £»ii., iif whom It -nos purclia.'«<l, iii ITAH, bv the )1 |HUt of DoDegs], w)ii>, in I7{(3, pulled do«ii liicold in:>ii<it ni <. ', in 1774, erecleii on llie muiie site a magriiilioeiii i K freeslone, and laid uut lite park and pleasuf e inu*l fsquisite ta«te, so aa lo entitle il Ui rani . Mlstalsin Ihekin^oiu. Bui, in 1810, ibc Mar.p [ «la.l« to Richard Uawnrd, Esq., who dcmoliiihcd Uic inunii and aold tlie materials, uhich " where earned aS tu doooisMl ewthljr paradise of some other fanciful monal." Tbo Kere also Imikcn np, uud the pork and pleasure gnuniLt

BonnwCliu. grazier and maltsler, Farmtri.

ShiUiii tea AUporl Jcltn Plitllipl

Hinon William, gameliFpar Bourne Anliur Walton

Ormt Richard. Lodge kceprr Bowman Edmund

Pivkeriae Jph. baililT, UaOcmfor

FitEBroBD, 2 milM S. £. of Lichfield, i« sn nncicnl manor conasting of dOO nures uf rich and »ell wooded land. IcIuuHUig to Lirat-General Wm. D^oit, who retidet in the ijall, wU ' with the demesne urunnd it, ia extra-purocliiHt. The baUJtfi un, and has Iho spacious n

o llial f!enuine lioepil&lily which hat king been the if ttie family of Djutt, who, tn the ciiil v.aa luBcred muck tar their altachuwnt to the Rojal

reign of Edward I., FieeCDnl was held hv a fami _

nnnie: it afterwanla passed to die Dvoll^' by marriuf;!.'. .Imtab

Lnwrnteo and JonalliRu Mallet occupy- tlie two/armi, and Jobu

CnUcrill i* the gamektrptr. HAMMERWICH, is n small Beeluded villafr, I

chaiflry, on ihe sou lii -eastern ve^e of Cannock Choae, 3*

S. W. by W, oflJehlield. li has 31 ' '

Bcrea of enclosed land, and iipHardsof 1

nun, besides whiah, the teuanlH have -

Bay, an axm-porochial diwirt of lOOu

pan of the extensive waete called th^Can

fjuis of AnglcwT is lord of the manor.

bebngi to i^venu reiidcnt freeholder!, n

U> C. and J. Foster, Eiqrs., of Walsall. Tt<e Cn«PEL Uft v itandiii^ alone upon a verdant eminence. The <i..iti',i ,'iir:i.-v which haaat differeut limes been KB 1 V .iiV'a Bounty to the amouui of £IK^

11 the purcluise ofSOi.of land I The romainiug £200 wbh tai n Su Miohael'i parish, LichUeld,lM.

n Ammmerwich, whet

hait«li« £4. 48. yrafW from the KklM It

field ufH

w called Uie I

f'.'Civ/t (ht /irA'IC ajearjidie Kata(wWb\iufiau^

ST. MICHAEL'S PARISH.

107

memorial liccn employed in reimiring the chupcl, for >\liioIi purpo^ it Is vested in eit^ht trustees, who are resident freeholders, Aiid have the patronajire of the curacy^ \«hich is uuw eDJoytd tiy the Rev. Thomas Har\%Oi)d, D. D.

Benffactums : - William Heath left out of his estate at Ilani- merv^ich, 3i>5. yearly to the minister fur preaching seniKui*; on rhri«tnia$ and ^Iid»U1unler days, and 20s. to the poor. In ITC?, Jfiha Si/rr*ter cluirf^ed his house and land at Hamnieruii-h \^iili the jiay-ment of 2 Is. yearly to the poor, and 21s. yearly to the roini<ter for pTeaeliin;:r sennons on Palm Sunday an<l on tlie Sun«Iav after the dale of the testator's dece,i«je. In I7().'>, A7/r- abeth liall left X'5lH), for >^hieh £A0 per annum is paid out of Gi-nenil Reyiiardson'> fann in Bunitwood. This sum is dis. lTi\)Uled ajrreeahle to the \\ill of the testatrix as follows, viz. £]t. UK In tlie iceumbent eurale of Hammer\\ieh, £2. 12s. to the ehapel cUrk, and £2. 12s. in weekly doles of bread. Simie fiir- thtr payment! are made to the poor of Hammerwieh under Mr«*. Ba.Ts wiH, as has been seen in the neeount of Jiitrnhvond Sv/t-nil, \%h*.<.h i" «»[H.Mi to the pO(>r ehildreii of this township. The eiirat* ii.i*^ al^« £i\ vuirly lor preaching six sennons, under the will of Wiiaim Cddman.

P.ri J ihn, yeoman \\ rj U4ch;inl, yeoman t \\V:. k James, ct'iitlcman IVivi" TJ "ma*, ii»rn miller *. -UT MatiMa, tanner

I

MiiMlrlon Thonia*., pontli-niin MitliiUion Will yiM»iij;in *< m.i'f Puvicr Ji»lin, ntnlhni.in Pavitr Thi'inas, uiiiiitinan, /' iSali C'i:arl;>, taij.r

H.'«:Aio*.'i>h. wiut.-lwriii:lili'»mitli|.StuM)«* William, yi-iman

Lf 4Mo\».i r.Y i^ a sn»all hamlet williin the eoiinty of the -. :- , i»i I'j'" |m: M-lJal i^jwnsliip of St. Miehut I's, and nearly owj lu:''- S. \\. ol Lichfield. Here i< a lar^'e wiir^itd mill.

PiPEo|iii.i. i< a plea-Jani hamlei a:id townsliip on the WaNa"! nad, p:irlv within the eousi'v ollhe eitv, and rxundinir IV- :ii 1 t> 2} mill-^ S. W. of Li. hfield. The Larl of Liehfn M is I.t 1 . 1 tJse mamir an«l owikt id' a lar;re ]>nriit»n ol'ilie *ioil, hut »Iol!ii ai; ' Henry Bnidburiie, L«-|rv., and ('aptain Ma^^ndie ha\e e^i iirs ind neat man-^ions lure. Near a Puhlie-liou>e eallecl Murl;. Inf-mm^r, ihf turnpike road crosses the Uonian Watlinjr-siriei, -ad enteis ('aniioek-C'lia-e. Pine i- a veiv aneienl mnnnr an i Rtenf^ive cnmtnhltirirk ; no fewer than nine niisihhounnjr liani- lcl»VMrin(r within its jurisdietion, umh r the name of" Pipc-cum-

y%

Brad'iafDf Ilcnry, Ksq. f*M«fA'»M.*f Majoiiilif ('a|»lain .'ohn, Crcji^y fira'fii'imc Jiiliii,* r.-**!- J*fJ*< Mil Sco!in;an Wni. fainiiT, Satn/tjn.iy Klrfi.iUt- Tnr»eT»:n>, Sau(tyir;iy Smrt'inaii TIu'iiim^, fariiur GaothnxitKli/a'.K-t}.. hulio* luiard-jSlHt-r Win. tiveiM\T, f/iN top

in^tchtKd. J*ip At'// iWiiiii)j;tMn .\nn, fariufi

HcMhaw T«. rict. J/ftfeXAy Cormri

lOf

ST. Mtt'lIAtLS rAKIt-Il, LH-HFIELP.

SrHCEiiiiT i' A trtwnshii> nf si.-aiten.il Louse*, mi anil utm ' the UurtDii tiiii'l, 3 mik-s E. by N. iff l.irlilidd, and ilvrivrs it> iiaitie ftmn the Kuiiiuti, lekm'dil-xinxt. Diirixg mauy piwn- tiiiiis, llic nutH'ir liil<iii(,fi In n Jliniily iif il< ewn niiint, nho wlJ it ill l.(!il Uitlic I'viiltH, imr -irwhiiin was }ii(;li slierilf nf ik iiiiiiilv, when i'iarli-j I, jkl'UviI Ihrou);li Stalfbr<khire, anil n- ri-ivcit u liHi/uluT liiirr fnaii t)ie Eiirl uf Pcinlmikc KUtiuic lb>: :iii ii|iiiit»» Hat entertained tluilllic" Imnihig of feme dotB dra* tliiHii mill," Olid that im his mnjcsty wished to enjoy "bin ni-lhrr," lie diidml "all Uunuii); nf feme Ii> be forborne iiutQ bt had iHsMil lhi> uituntj'." Tlic Slarquis of Anglesey is now laid nfihi- inuniir, but thuiMHl IwIhiiks to iu?vcnil propfieton. Tbc IhrtntJiirif --/ Difufard hiuc tbr Rrcat IjiLl'S, and the vii-ar of Sl MaryN tlu- small liilies. At Okhnforo, in a picturesque Tilln nrur ihr i-anal In a laniv juipi-T milt ; and at a short distance it Vi I rl-'n, an rxtni-iKiriu-liml farm uf 240 ucres, uriemlj he- loutiiiii; Ii< the I'ulfi'ii faniilv. of ulioin it was putcIllcmI hr SirKitliani IKoll, in liKI!'.'

OWaere

,Ti.jt<mMa,Bnr,^fiU,

Oldafri.

Rev. Ed. Win. curilc of

I'i

..- Ri.l<iU<, Hroiriufff^

Pi Ti

kori

llfV

:: Tliomv, funn^r Vm. Vict Dog

l^-M

Thtw. fanOLT. Ikcitmatt

W

Hyl>>>

\. John, geutlt'iniui

Kt-

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insr a loftv eminenw, i -V Wailiutt-stre*!, ii

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-."f««. of whioli inuj

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r. ai

'. which eucmtpwiw d ill iliat whii-h euctoa Kf Roman l>ricl,Ml n.be.iifteoneiitly4( . Nt-r.>. aiKl Domite

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Bum. n..v.T. art i*

j;;.rUili.proiTi««»

i

:-.. yjrr.undfJ brpT-

- «E.:it* Mm «

. .;.. > .uprlLilAfc

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k

-:, r.^.SwaSia*;

BOROUGH OF STAFFORD.

STAFFOED, an ancient Ixirimuli and market town, ccltliraied fill tlte nutnufacturc of slines and Icatlier, i^ is its muac impotls, the capital of StMQbrdsLirc, anil is pleasantly silualed nearly in ihc c«ntu of the county, though mtlier in n low stuatiun, on the north ritte of the river Sow, in the Soutli Division of the Hundred of Piwhill; 13ft miles N.W. by W. of London, 16 miles N.W. hy W. of Lichfield, 16 miles N- of Wolvcrhatapton, auil 10 miles S. by E. of NewcBEtle-undcr-Ljiiic anil llic Pollrric?. The prineipal stretls, Greengale and Gaalgale, run in a direct line through the centre of the tono, branchin); from opposite sides of the Market-square, and containing many well slocked shops, and several excellent inns and spacions mansions, some of nhich arc nolilc specimens of the antique balf-timliered houses of England, in the highest slate of perfection, their fan- tastic fronts having cither been renewed, or preserved by manv coals of paint. Thc^e streets are commodious and well paved, and form part of the great tliorouglifare from London to Man- chester and Liverpool ;^Gaolgalc extending northward to ForeaaU, and Grcengate southward to FoTfbridge, neither of wliich are vritbin the circuit of the wall and mmpart that for- merly surrounded the borough, and the site of which is still marlied by a narrow circumambient Ume, lined for the most part, with mean dwellings. There are, however, several other good streets, the princ^tal of which is Easlgale-street, but the cDtrances to them from tliu centre of the lawn are very con- tracted, and those on the uesicm side have many of them no generally acknowledged names but the " Broad Eye," an appel- UUon which is said to have originated when ifaat now populous pan of the town was occupied by the scattered dwellings and [luthuildiags of a few small fanners ; but we should imagine it is more likely to have been derived from some mmpart or outwork of the castle or tower that anciently commanded ihe passage of the river Sow, which, by a semicircular reach, washes the west- em and Bouthcm skirts of the town. Stafford has generally a lery respectable aspect, having bolb williin its limits awAvftVia vicinity many haaanomc mHDsions occupied by *i!a\l\i\ t*.'ciw\w».

illSTORV OF STiPFQKD.

110

Its two cliurchM ate higlily uorlLy ibe atleution of the auii- luan-, and unang- its olW public WUdingf are tlii>sc friganlic county igMvlioiu - tlic Infirmary, the Lunatic A-s^-lum, the Gaul and House of Correction, and the Sbire Hall : and at the dintancc of 1^ mile to tlic S. W. ii; seen, upon a conical eroineDce, the partly rebuilt coWf of the celebrated Tiaions of Stafford, in the parisli of Caitle-Church, on the opposite side of the river Sow, where there a a handsome suburb called the Liberty Fan- bridge, which is connected uitli the town bv a. neat Rtone biidfiei and swells its present popublion to nearly '^,000 souLs; thougb, in the year ItMl, they amounted to little more than 1,000, at will be seen in the fiilliiwing table, shening the annual value of the lands and buildings an Hs»c»«d for the property tax in WIS, and the nuiubcr of inhabitants iu the thiec parishes of SL Alarr, St. Chad, and Caslle-Cliurch, iucludinj; the out-tiuctukipi in ^t. Clary's parisb, all of which linTe been added to the Bonn^h (w far aa r^ords the elcctiuu of lucinbcrs of parliament) by- llic Reform Bill passed in 1K32, together uiih ForehridKe, nhicit comprises the S'ea'w portion of the population of Ca«t&-Church trish. The last columu slicws tlie number of hnun nUeA at

Ihea

tnual valve of £10. or uptrardi, the o the pririlejte of votiup nt llie p:irli

STAFFOBD

\v;i:^'

Por..,..vnu

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aw

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iTV-Mmtnamtrr, wldrii^ vnrDiHirnif

t The US kiuwii nri flto^.iDrlwIrnnlilli BokQalthiit p»l>liHl

anil 111 buiMiim.

Ill thi' Liirrl^mi C^n^lmUftirll tf f-rrlinJiir, tin ml;

11)

ANCIENT HISTORY.

The origin of Htafford, and the derivation of its name, aro matters of great diihiety and diflerence among antiquaries. Plot! savs, -' Alwat tlic year 705, the place or island where tlu- town of' Stafford now stands, anciently ea11c<l Betknci, he^an &Tst U} he inhabited hj St. Brrtelline, the son of a king of this conntry, and scholar to St. Guthlac, with whom he tarryed till his death ; after which, though now unknown to his father, he liegg'd this isUuid of him, where he led a hermit^s life for di^ ers yeai», till disturbed by M)me that cnryed his happiness, when he remoTed into some (lesert mountainous place, where he ended hi$ life ; letTinff Bethnei to others, who afterwards built it, and called it Stmffcrd^ there being a shallow ford in the river that could easily be pass'd with the help of a tiaff only." Cannleii, Cfipying the Saxon Chronicle?, savs " Staflbnl was formerly called Betheney^ and was built by £lhel(leda, the heroic w'ulov. ofEthelred, Elarl of Mercb, in the year 913, and was a chief town in this country* during the succession of tho Mercian Kinir.-. Kthelfleda also built a castle in the town, for the proteetiini of \\ie inhabitants ag-ainst the predatory incursions of the Danes tn^m the northern part of England.'* What was the eon<liiioii «'l" Staff'i.ird at that period cannot now be ascertained, but it ap- I>ear'i to have l>een a thriving place, as we fmd it shortly afur c-'Hsidered as the chief town of the district, and in E<lwar(] the Confe-s-sor's time (about A. D. 10r)0,) it had a royal wiw/, a line fffnay of that monarch being now in the hands of u collector, and having on the reverse the words GODWINNE ON ST.EF; denoting that the piece was struck by Godwinne, the Kiuir'* ni«>ne\er in Stafford ; the word on, in the Saxon laniriuiire siirnif^ing in, and Stfrf. being a contraction of the von! Stajfuni. which was the orthopjaphy of the town's n.inie llieii ID u-^. There Jire also extant, line specimens of tlirce <»tlier pennies struck here in the reign of Willijim the Conqueror, two oftheiD by G(^l\%innc, and one by another mint-masler named Wrifnoth' No other coins were afterwards struck here, except the ImcuI half-pennU'Ji of Messrs. Horton and Co., issue<l in J7}*7.

Of the caxth built here by Ethelfleda^ no vestiges now remain. w that the prcci-^e site on which it *it<Nid is unknown, thoui;]i Sir Simon Degge, \^lio died about the clo>e of the i7th centur>, »yi in hi> MS. notes on Pbitt's history, ** there was a castle nithin the town near the Broad-Eve, and in his time, a bunk, called the Castle- Bank.'* Edward tlie Elder is likewise ^uid u> hK9% built » tonvr hen- on thv north \n\nk oi the Sow . abuxW v

112 iirsTiiBv or Stafford.

veiU iiilti tlic eiecliuii uf iJint fuunduil liy liu sUitr Eilirllluin : but his Ibrlicss lins sliurtil the nihw fiiic uk )iei5, iin inices of ii hriiiK now left. l''Frini this time ixitliiug rcniurkulilc i>i idwrdcd Muiceming StafTiinl till tliceta dftliv XoiXitv CoNuvEsi,«b«i it wiis uenaiiily a iilace of (.iniMili-niMc iinpoTtnni.'e. f<iT in l>umf>. dav Book it is niUiil u city, iii uliich tlir king lind 18 1)ur)n;>i<«s ia'dcmesnc, and tlicre wtru 20 tiuiiwunK uf the bnnoiiT of ibr Earl uf UtTvia. It thoi ]>iiid I'orall ciKtouis, £». libra* data- rionm in money, and viik gnvi-nied by tuo UuilitTih Tlie t-iime ncieiit leeunl alsn infonns u-: lliat tlit' kin); liuili n ea$tle hen. llie custody of wliieh was given t" Rol-on de Toitei, younger nm of Ui^er, staiidnnl-bcan'T of Nurmandy, i>ne of tb'e cfaiefk who Ilillont.'d the furtuni's of tlie Ciiininniv.. Robert de Ta - i, aftei taking poKKMsion uf tliis fiaivRy,t<Hik the name of Stflfluid, whieb continut^l ihTougli liis illustrimis dtsceiidauts loi many renturicK, But bin Wnxiiul enKtle vUhhI uoi in the tonn, bnt upon tlic Bill! of llie present t'listle tm tlie O])|io&ite side of ibr rirer Sow, at the ilistanL'C nf I ^ niiie, itlicn- it nes rebuilt hr lUllih llie Gist Earl of Slatrurd, in the ri'ign of Ednud III'., alxnit tbc ycai 1331, from Hbitli pcriinl i( c-niitiimed to fluuiWti (ill the CI1 iL wAUs iu the reign rjf C'lmrk's I., when it was de- inoU>luil by order of l^iiliuiuciil, in li>-i;(, nlhr Jjidy Suffoid had mnde it long 1mt nnsiieccssful effort tu rclidii it in 'the Boral ctiiise ngaiu»t the inNips of Sir Win. Ilrcretoii, vho in hib kttrr to llie Enrl of NertliBiuptnn, written during the »i<j/» (-/(*? ciw> (fr, says, " In iny bist 1 gdvc your exiellcnec an aa'nnni »f the takhig of StalTotd, by n Veiy sinall fon-r. i^iiiee that limB «e have ihnie our utnuMt enilcutours to fortify the tonne, aud ukr fpKid Che l1rc!t^.lle^. V-\Kin ThnrMbiv «e n'cnt to llic eaEtle.fotcil it, nnif dfiuauded (be Ninie. The ould I.udvc Stnfford h>d betaken lierself to thtt ra>-t1e, reinoiwl her familr, aiid sonw wv all her g<H>ils. Wee niiidc as lur};e our forces us poMlhle, ii- induce my Lttdye <> ailiuitto Mime of our men to seeufe tlie cas- th-, and gave her aivunHu:nif all |in>iection (wee uero nble tc give) for her person, giNKls servants, oud tenantK U'ce ae- ({uainted her with the inL^rieK uhieh ninild inevitalily £J1 upon her hoiviC and rstntc; and iliil niusi »i meetly I'eseerli Iter tii W so just to licrsrif, nixl \ii those that were to siieeevtl livr, as not lf> liepen>undcd Uyuiekedand olblinate eounM^I, lUid to biiBf uuiividilahle (leMruetion uimn herFelfe. anil (o do great iiyutf to (hose that should suevci-d. Wi-e spni miieh time upon lU) treaty, but it «as vain and fruitle^M;. Wei- ennedvc Iiei heart ww hardened by the iteniiei'niK enuueelt of some priest, jtwuiie*, M other iHnn'iianin alioul her, who delii;ht iu nothing but lire anil Kwotd. And peeing nothing is mon- ap|iar(.'nt tlmn tliat tliej tliinl after MhihI, 1 doubt n»l but ttie Tii.'1iIeons Iioril uill nw«- Hirc out unto them ii 1>]i«iil\ ]nirtinii of driiilii', :nid »ill oiii1ilL<^ pcttceuml ijitifiiia^t^. uiiitH-'hi^ people iu due time. Tliese fan prnpo^thm beiiip reiecteil, Hie toTce^ TcVwnwA, mwV liefcre 1

CIVIL WAKS, UAKON6, &( . 118

uuue tu die towno, I saw some of the poor out-houst-b .>><. u uu fyer, to try whether these would worke theire suirites to any Kleutinge, 'but all in raine ; for from the castle they shot boine uf dUT men and horses, which did much enrage and provoke the TC.st to a fi«ce revenge, and to practice those extremities, which consamed, heforc the next ordinance, almost all the dwel- Uug-hooses and out-hoiises to the ground. Since that time wee heaxe then are se\'«ral considerable persons in this block-up cas- tle, which wee resolve to obsen'o and attend as much as ])ossibIe uDtili we can recover the same and disperse them/* Shortly aAer writing this letter, in which there is more puritanical caut than has cause merited. Sir William had the satisfaction of find- ing the castle deserted, but no treasures left in it to satiate tlie cupidity of his eoldient. - See Hopton Heathy where a fatal battle was fought during these intestine wars.

The BARONY OF STAFFORD, from the Conquest to the reign of Richard III., \^as very extensive, including sixty Knights'-fees, of which nine were in demesne, and fif\y-one in senice. No fewer than HO villages rendered suit an<l serviio to the successive BARONS, of whom the lirst eight, beginninjj: with the bt'fore name Robert de Tonci, were baronf> h/ tcimir. The first Kin.Mi, by writ, was Edmund de Stafford, wlu) was Miin- xn<.'ne«i to Parliament in the 27th of Kdward 1. His sueeessor, Ralph, was crt^itefl Aar/ of Stafford^ in i:)i)l, and married tlie litiresis «.if tlie Earl of (iloueester. Three of his sons enjoyed the Iwrony iu succession, the lu'^t of whom, Edmunds mame<l tlie dauifbttr and heiros. of Thomas Wood'^iock Plantagenet, Karl of Buckingham. His son, llumphrei/^ was created Dukf of BHckin*jham, in 1444. Henri/ de Stafford^ tlie next duke, was beheaded at S;ili«ibury, in 14H3, for rebelling against that <*ruel monster, RichiU'd 111., and his sou and successor, Edward^ ftharetl the same fate in the rcign of Henry VIII. (1.V2I), v\hen fell hi> h«mours and estates were forfeited; but the Barony of Stafford was restored ti> his son Hairy iu the 1st of Edward VI. n547), by an act of parliament, which declares, "that the said Henry Lc»nl Stafford, and the heirs male of his body eominjr, m&j be tiiken and reputed as Lord Stafford, with a seat an<l voice in Parliament as a Bar()n : and, further, that the >aid Henry l>e restored in blood as son and heir of Edward, late Duke of Buckingham.'* He was succeeded by his son, grandson, ami freat-graiidson ; the latter of whom, Henri/ Lord Stafford, died without any 9ur\iving male issue, in 1<U7, when the barony was diinied bv'i?'w/f»r Stafford^ inm oi the deceased younger M»n o\' the said ffcnry, but he wiis unjustly denied the dignitv i»n ae- connt of his ^ivr^.V, and he afterwards fonnally surreucfered tlie hanmy into the king's hands. He died without issue, in IiUm, when .V«ny, sister of the last I^ml Henry, lieing married tt» Si, irm. n&uxird, K. B. (younger son of the Va\t\ of Arundel^, \\\\ - weif created Z/firrM a/ifi JJanmss StaffiYrd. with TUWAUiAv. \ v-

K 0

114 HISTORY OF STAFFOKD.

the heirs male of their h<Mlies. The said Sir Wm. was created Viscount Stajffford, in the nuiue yc«ir, but he lA-as l>eheaded on Tower-Hill, in 1678, for })chifr concenied in the Popish Plot, and l)ein^ attainted, all his honours were forfeited, but tiis widow was created a Countess for life, in 1688, and died in 1603. Her son, Henry Stafford Hoimrd, was created Earl Stafford, in 1688, with remainder, failinp^ his issue male, to John iuid Francis his brothers, and their issue male. Ho was succeeded by Ills ne|>hew, William, in 1719, and the latter by his son, William Mathias, in 1715, but he dyinp: without issue, in 1751, his uncle, John Paul Stafford Ilou'anl, l)ccanic the 4th and last Earl of Stafford under die new creation, and died without issue, in 1762, when the earldom became extinct. The rererMl of the attainder of Sir Wm. Howard, 1st Viscount Staffurd, being ]mssed by an act of the crown, in 1821, Sir Gi^orce JERNiNcinAM succeeded to the Biirony of Siiifford as heir-gcneml of the bodies of the said Viscount and !Mar>' his wife ; tliough 1)oth he, and his sod and successor, Georyc William Stafford-^femingham, the prtuni Baron Stafford * have, durinp^ the last nine years, been f^^tlv annoyedby the CLAIMS 01' MR. RIOHAllD STAFFORD COdKE, who, in his expensive but fruitless litijrations, declaims that he is heir-pener.il ot Dorothy, daup:hter of Heniy-, wlio was created Baron StalTordjin 1547, which Dorothy married SirWiU liani Statfonl, of Grafton. Admittiujii: this descent, it is difficult to find any real claim vhich il affords to the Barony of Stafford. Tlic ancient banmy undoubtedly became forfeited on the at- tainder of Edward, Duke of Buckingham, in 1521, and which attainder has never been rcvcised. IJeiiry Stafford, his son and heir, was created Baron Stallord dr novo with an exj^ress limita- tion to " the heirs male of his body coming," by an act of Pari. 1 Edwanl VI. 1547, and which dijjfnity became extinct on the termination of the male descendants of the said Henry, about the year 1(140. It is thus clear, that after the attainder of Edward, l)uke of Buckingham, in 1521, a Bamny of Stiifford in fee, and as such descendible to heirs jj^enenil, never existed, until that created to Sir William Stafford, and Mary his wife, in IWO; when, in default of issue male, the 1»arony was limited to the HEIRS op THiKR BODIES. The attainder »»f William Viscount Staffonl, prevented bis issue from inheriting his dij^^^nities ; and thoup:h it did not affect his ^^il'e'^ honours during her life, it in effect produced their cxtineti«tn on her demise, us it prevented her descendants fnim sueeeedinir to tliem until the reversal of the said attainder in 1«2J; but as Mr. Cooke does not descend from the iir>t Mscount and Viscountess Stafford, he, of course, can derive no benefit frf»m the said creation ; nor eoiilil the at- tainder, which impeded the <lescent of their dijjnitics, in any

- /Jranriilt' I^'vi"uin (Jowrr, ulm w:i!» rrr:it«Ml M.%Rwrii> (»p StaI'I'OBDi in /Wfll tlcrircd his iltlo iu»l Inuii llu' frurn, \tul lro«\ the raunfif of (ytantinl, and irh IWH hrhl h\ hi.« prr:in«l?ion. \\w Ihtk* «/ Sutholnwd. ^V'vVlTWiVVaxivA

IIAIiONS OF STAFFORD. 115

«hape atfiinl him a pretension to any part of the honours of the Houiso of Stafford. The reversal of the iniquitous attainder uf Sir Williain Howanl, Viscount Staffonl, however, renders Gcorgt WiUiam Siafftrrd-Jernin^ham Baron Stafford^ under tlie oroa- tion of 1640; and he is also heir-gencrat of the body of Henry Barou Staffind (son of the attainted Duke of Buekinghani), who was restored in blood, and consequently heir in blood of £d\\ ard Duke of Buckingham, the last person possessed of the ancient

The CASTLE of the ancient Barony of Stafford, standing

on a bold and well-wooded eminence, H ii^il<^ S. \V. of the

towa^ was, as has already been seen, built by William the C'on-

queror, restored and enhirged in the reign oi Edward III., und

dismantled by order of Parliament, in KM3. From tlus period

it was a neglected ruin till the late Sir George Jerninghuin,

about the year 1810, (before he became Baron Stafford) evinceil

a dii^isxtion to rebuild it, for which purpose he cleared ;iway

the rubbish, and reduced the walls to the height of the first

stor}'. The ruins then consisted of the keep or stnnigliold,

placet on an artiticial mount of an oblong fonn, nicasiiriu«r \o.^

fet'i by .'>0. Each angle was sunnountcd by small octaiiu'ular

towers, and there was likewise one on the wes>t side. Tlie N\alls

were >* iVet thick, and surrounded by a foss or ditch, ^^i^ll tlic

additi<.'n:il defence of a high rampart on one side. In elearini:

thv ruins :i \arietyV)f silver coins were found, genemlly of a laiir

dale than the reign of Ed^^a^d VI., together with a plain sihtr

croy>, a eann<M) ball, two small millstones, and the lower part of

a l.irge font. Sir George Jerningham soim afterwards razed tin-

nalU to the gr<iund, and commenced the erectitm of a NlrlW

CASTLE on a nuignificent plan, hut in accordance with tlie

streucth and gcneml chanieter of the ancient fortress. TliouL'^h

much hii> been done, the enstly work is not yet completed, and

j«Thap* never will, no additi<ms having been made since lsi.">,

when the s'^uth front, llankcd by two tine octagcmal towers, wa^^

finished, ami the massive \\all> behind raiM'd to the height of

the fir«t <itor\'. The south front eonsi>ts of three lofty storie», and

has fieveral Vpaciims apartments in which the late and i>ri<ont

Lord Suiff<jrd have jdaeed many coats of armour, si»eai>, and

other weap" MIS of ancient warfare, together with several anti«iin-

pieces of tapestry, >enlptnre, and furniture, eolleete<l in \ani»n'»

farts of tlie world, but of whieh the aged CUrrom' (Mr<. IVrry)

w^sliews them to visitois, and is the only tenant of the ea»tlf,

coild gi%e u.«i no historj'. The views from the u]>per rooni*^

eonumiid exten<i^e and beautiful \icws of the surroundinir

cnvBtrT, in which the Wrekin, and several other distant M.»nM-

tninsare di>tinctly viMble. At the foot of the castle hill i-« tlu

renenble parish church, and alumt a mile to the west, ni'im .t

ki^ enuncnce, are traces of the ancient encanipnu-nt of Jiidin'j

iw, said to have >*ei'n a Bn'tNi ^tnthm^ subsoqiuuily occwyxc^v

lUi HieTOBY OF HTAPFOHD,

by the Suobh ; tts area, whluh luulutUv terenX acres, Is ciroulw, iind EunuundL'U lu hiuic jniils by onu, and 1q ulbcn by two, deep ilitrbes. Soutli fmm Ihc casUe stooi tlio Manor Ilvttt, thi usuiil resiiicuce of Ihe Doble family of Stafford. It was fortified by lUlph dc Stafford, ia the Tcign of Edward III., who bad granted Lim pennL'«ian to make castles of all his nuLnor houses, buth bcre and at Mndcley. The oicn of this ancient scat is iliU easily disi;(irerud, by the moat which surrounds it remaining partly unfilled up. The custle and the domaio ore seldom risited by Lord Slaffiiid, whose scats arc at Shifiiall, in Shiup- shire, and Custe<isy Park, Norfolk.

Walls amp Gates. - In ancient times the town of Stafford was defended, except ou the adc towards the Sow, h; wall and ditch supplied with water from that lirer, but from its low . situation it could nci-cr hare l>cen a fortress of much strength ; indeed it Las been seen that Sir Wm. Brctctun took it, in 1M3, with B very small force, and without the loss of a single miiL The wall w:is ra/ed to tlic gniund nt this period, except ijie thna GalM, uf whieli there are now no reiuains but one side uf a gtova fbr nforletdlU, at the entianee lu Eautgale-tlnxt, where on oidi was standint; till the year 1800. The Gnntgate, nhieb stood near Suw.bridftc, wastakcu down in 1780. The Gnolyate, on the north road, was in ruins as early us 1680, but was rebuilt io 1700, and used as a prison for the lioroufih and county till tbr erection of the present Gaul, in 17(H ; after whieh, it was taken down f»r the improvement uf the town, and llie site now fomu part of Oaol-.--<iuare.

The Bomuf>li, fnmi what ha.'i been eecn in its early hittiny, mav be supposed to have been a Human naaiicipal town, or ercn ft Britith ciiy, and indeed its situation accords very nearly with the (Kutr.il description of British towns (riven by CtDsar, who repiesents them as bcin^ placed on ^ttle eminences, bairicadocd with trees, and surrounded with morasses and ditches, in tbt

times, is evidenced by itsoiurc ancient charters; and the land adjoining the town, tbouRh now hj|,'hly cultivated, has evidently been marshy, and mi|{lit be m^ily laid under water. If itwM cither a British or a Roman Station, the town was probably !-- duced to ruins iu the uonllicis between the Saxous and tb* Danes.

QuEES EuzADErn, in her i)rofrress thniugli EnftUnd, rioted Stafford, in 1S75, and perccirinc the town lu lie rulher on tli* decline, inqiiiied Uio reason, and was iiifomicd it was owibr mirtly to (he decay of rajipng, and partly to the circumstance « the jiMiisr* havinV hvun removed to Suine other town; where- upon her M^cstv replied, that the statute relutiiiK to capping a&mid ho junendcd, und thikt she sliuuld gmnt the iiihabitaDli ihe privilege of era after holding tie u»ie«\n »3m« own town;

BmrOXt-O* BTlnOBD. 1 17

b ibc (lid. liv lui net of jutrlianieni iij iJit: same jtU, A

d of Uiiii meiuoruble tinit u preferred in the register of St.

I'l churrfa s - *' M*m. That tlip siilh ilny of Au^int, 1579,

iiiTT^rciga I^dr, Queen ElJxabelli, came frum Chaitley ia

TCn U> StAlunl Castle, mid mis received upon the Pool

», willinul the Eiii>lgf>te, hy the tiniliff and burgcsi^d, with

- .^ - ^^ ^j jjj,^ Loitib, the schoolmaster, iu Uie nline of

i the baiUH' delirertil to her Maje.4ly a Koodlj

m cup of nlver ^ll, of while wine, which her High-

"- - d g^lefnllv received; and m she ntKcd

>-»tt«t,the &Iiirket-pla«e,tbe CrobmyLonc,

^e, aiid theuoe on the road to Stafford PaA."

msiom of BoBovGH i!Ngli!ii! Btill prcvaili here,

i nlMCb Ulo ^nngcil aon succeeds to property, aa beii U Ian,

- - '- - to tbe elder ehildren. The ori^n of this pait of

.. mm is not very well agcertaioed, out it is geoeially

10 tMie nri*«n from the aacicDt Sfatem of taualim

b s»re Ike Inrd of the manor certain rights over his vwmT*

.aod |]i»» mitk'Ted ibe legilimacy of the eldest bom mncer-

; DC ffttapi it innv have oripnaled in the natural pteMimp-

,lku Ulc VQunge^i child uns Ibe least capable of proridiiig

Wiwir.

C»)BPOIUTION, CHARTERS, &c. '* The tnhabitani^ nrSiiiifoid hare been incoiponted at various limcvb; different iiunii'>, and their immuiuties are of rety an- rinit dslf, IU appear^ )<_v thai charter^ and by Domesday book. Tbdr fri«ilc'i;es u(.'ro KiiiiriDed in the 7th year of the reign of Kkf; Juhu, ulio, bv \n- ''barter, grunted tlut the town of Staf- iHd ibxuld be n fno lI:iroi»h for ever, and that it sboald be bdd by the buntifi^et in lee-nim, with toco end laca toUi ikaon wtffa/xM^ni'Ar^, Biiildll iitharlibertiea and &ee customs which 11 A^liad ancicnllj enjnyt'd; paying their dtie and ancient fee-farm n Out tlie burjccssi's ihonld M frtt of tall, latlagi, pasnu/e, "-gr, tullmp^, and ponlaift, thnraghont aO hia dominions (saving „ Jbenv of the City of London), that they should render no iil»lbc t-'ounty orHuudicdoftheirpropCTty within the Bnr- " * - e of ihcnuihoiJdj^eaf 01 be impleaded Kn'Moai y tenement whidi thi ' "'" '

_ ^ a there bdd of all di

l,aiid]ileHge« there niven; and that they should hare all other

- - ^ enjoved I'v any other &ee oorougtu in Etigland,

'^' ' ' - fml payable to the Crown was in 1671. From the trign of John

charters were gianted to the to«n,

in the third year of hie reign, altcreil

D ftom that rf " AtraeMM ofStaffiird,' '

AijiMMM," tbou^ toe town had^iTevv-

then hj (wo bailiffs elected TewH

Id j^eaf or be impleaded mthoM whidi th^ posMssed wilAsn it ; il of all debts contracted in Staf-

taoMVontioD frai mSSiamltw^

lis HlSTOUr OF STAFFORD.

liy tUc burgofisec) at larp^e. By tlioRO popular eleotions, very im- pioner persoiu) ^cre oflen raided to tlie mad^teiial 1)ench, and 8ucli otlier inconvenicncoB resulted from them, that the moce wealthy and inU^lligeiit burgesses petitioned for a new eharlgr, which should constitute a inaynr, aldermen^ and capital hurgmet, and which they at last obtained from James I.» in the 7th jear of his reign, (1013). Under this charter the corpoTation existed till 1827, when it was found to have been legally defunct for some years, but was resuscitated by a charter of his late Msyesty George IV., after the mayor and other Buniring members of the corporate bod^- had l>ocn ousted in seTcral legal prooeedingi instituted agiimst them, by Mr. Flint, an attorney of the town, who acted iii behalf of a certain party of the burgesses.

The Charter of George IV., granted to uie Borough of Suifford, on Sept (Uh, 1827, re-established the corporation as it now exisUi, and confirmed to the burgesses all the privil^jnes and immunities granted to them by James I., and other Kin^ and Queens of England. This modem charter recites, " that Juti^- mcnt of Ouster had lately been given in the Court of King^s Bench ap:ainst Fras. Hughes, Esq., for exercising the office of Mav(»r of Stafford ; that the Members of the Common Council, of {^e said borough, were reduced below the number remiired by law to constitute a leg;il assembly of the said Common Coun- <'il, and that consequently the said coq)oration is «lissolved." But at the petition of the burgesses and some other inhabitants, His Majesty, by this charter, constituted them a New Body,poii' tir and corporate, to be governed by a Common Council, consist- iiig of a mayor, ten aldermen, and ten capital burgesses ; with a ehiel-steward, recorder, town-elerk, and other officers. The mayor is chosen yearlv, on the Monday after the feast of St Lake the Evangelist, «>ut of the body of aldermen, together with two of them to act as j u^tices of the j»eace in the borough during the en- suing year. These elections arc made by the mayor for the time being, the aldennen, and the capital burgesses, who al.*^ fill up tlie vacancies occasioned by deaths, \c., in the list's of aldermen and capital burgesses, by electing others from among tlic honest and discreet burgesses inhabiting and residing in the borough." The charter gives the cori)orati(m the privilege of using tbc County Gaol, and of holding a Colrt of Hecord before the Mayor and Recorder, or tlicir Deputies, and the Aldermen, or any two or more «»f them (of whom the Recorder or his Deputy iinlst be one), from three weeks to three weeks, on a Monday (except in the weeks of Easier, Whitsuntide, Jind Christmas), to hear and detennine all manner of debts, accounts, covenants trespjLsses, Vc, arising within the borough and liberties of Staf- ford. It also gives the burgesses the power of holding an annual fair for four days, to commence on the Tuesday before Shrovc- Smidny; amX it i>rohibi(s all xtranyers or f(*reiyner$ (not being fn'emen of the cor|)oration), fwm Ve«\k\\H( ti sVo^^ ot using any

CHABTEHS ASH PalVlLEGES. It*

tuTsWrr, U*de, or handicioft, iu the boti'ugji,* anil friiiu celling iir exponug itny goods tliere for sale, utherwi&e than in mmti a^ix» U be at lie tunes of the fairs or markets of ilio 'sttid botougb, or with llic liccDM; of the Mikvor auil Al'lennen, or the lu^or pan of than- During tlie fair the corporntioD hold a. Coati of Pie Potcder, " witli aU liberties, free customs, tolb, MttlLtRc, picmee, fines, nmercianieDts, ^c., tliereuulo bctouging; The chuUT fi^llv confirms to the hurge»$rs all their ancient fmujit»ea, isunnuitles, exemptions (except that of being eseinpt I from strringain any Assize Jurj, or Inquisition], acquittances, i jurisdictions, htnds, tenements, commons, fairs, markets, tulla, J tribntes, escheaUi, courts-leet, views-of-franlqileiige, guilds fra- ' umicies, waiJs, esuajs, Sec Ibc. : - and it then prohibits the ho offic«n and minisiers of ihc crown from prosecntiiig or mdinf , or cansng li) be prosecuted or coolinued, anj Writ or " MaMi -/ Qto WarratUo, or imy other Writ or Process nbat- a agaiiMl iLe oorporali^n, for aof oSeuces oi tuurpationa mtted by tbem Defore the date of this charter; and for which, as has already be«n seen, they hnd suffered several prose- cuCuua, which compelled them to applj- to his late Majesty M GeorgB IV., for anew constilulJononliie model of iheir old one, which, il BppwiK, had been frittered away b; mismanagement ^ and gross neglect. Slaffordhos conlftued tosendtK'oriprorafa' ^ liiea lo PariianmU funce the 23rd of Edward I.