Liberty directory, 1895

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HISTORY,

TOPOGRAPHY, AND DIRECTORY

OF

DERBYSHIRE,

COMPRISING

ITS HISTORY AND ARCHiEOLOGY; A GENERAL VIEW of its PHYSICAL and GEOLOGICAL FEATURES;

WITH SEPARATE

HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTIONS

OF EACH

TOWN, PARISH, MANOR, AND EXTRA-PAROCHIAL LIBERTY.

BY T. BULMER & Co.

\VITH A MAP PREPARED EXPRESSLY FOR THE WORK.

'PRICE: "eioth, 218.; ^lalf-'Balf, 25s.

Pnnud for ike Ptopnetors by T. SNAPE & Co.. 141, Church Strekt, and Bolton's Court, Prkston.

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ADDRESS.

!

N submitting to their subscribers this edition of the History, Topography, and Directory of Derbyshire, the Publishers desire to return their sincere thanks for the very liberal support and encouragement they have received during its preparation. The compilation of the work has occupied a longer time than the Publishers anticipated, but as neither expense nor labour has been spared in procuring the latest information - each town and parish havmg been re-visited and revised immediately before going to press - they confidently believe that the general accuracy of the work has not been impaired by the delay. It would be presumptuous, however, to expect that a work of this kind could be compiled with absolute freedom from error, but it is hoped that any which may occur will not detract from its general utility.

In its arrangement the New Parliamentary Divisions have been adopted instead of the old and nearly obsolete Hundreds ; and the parishes in each have been arranged in alphabetical sequence. A copious index will still further facilitate reference.

In the compilation of the work, the various county and local histories have been consulted, frequent references have been made to Dr. Cox's exhaustive work '* The Churches of Derbyshire,'* and much valuable infor- mation has been received from many clergymen and gentlemen, to whom the Publishers take this opportunity of gratefully acknowledging their in- debtedness. Their especial thanks are due to Mr. John Ward, F.S.A., for his " Notes on the Archaeology of Derbyshire," and his interesting sketch of the rise and development of the town of Derby.

T. BULMER & Co.

LiTTLEOVER, DeRBY,

July 26th, 1895.

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.

PAGE

Allpress Hy., saddler & harness maker,

Fairfield, Buxton xiv.

Austin Henry, manufacturing con- fectioner, Chesterfield xiv.

Bainbridge J. VV., Prince of Wales,

Fairfield, Buxton xiii.

Booker J. F., refreshment rooms,

Chesterfield vii.

Booth F. W., joiner and builder, Fair- field, Buxton xiii.

Buckley W. H., timber and oil mer- chant, Swadlincote viii,

Buhner T, & Co., directory publishers.. xvi.

Calvert & Son, chemists, Belper iii.

Cha iwick Bros , seed and bulb mer- chants, Derby i.

Cundey Bros., saw mills, Ashover .... xiv.

Deller S., fruiterer and greengrocer,

Buxton xii.

" Derbyshire Advertiser," Derby i.

*' Derbyshire Times,'* Chesterfield . . ix.

Dodd Thos., broker, &c., Brampton,

Chesterfield ix.

Dowles Wm., builder and contractor,

Swadlincote vi.

Eastwood Geo., cabinet maker. North- edge, Ashover vii.

Gardner Mrs. W. J., costumier,

Chesterfield viii.

Gill Wm., grocer, &c., Calver Bridge... xiv.

Grand Clothing Hall, Derby... (inside back cover)

Gregory H. & Son, artists' agents,

Derby vii.

Holmes Isaac, plumber, Ashover .... xv.

Holmes Robert Joseph, Crispin Inn, Ashover xv.

Home Edgar, music seller, Derby. . . .

(inside front cover)

Jacques T., Old Pack Horse, Chapel- en-le-Frith xi.

Lomas G. H., ironmonger, Chapel-en- le-Frith v.

PAGE

Lomas R. G., monumental mason, Derby ii.

Lomas W. E., photo, apparatus and magic lantern dealer, Derby ii.

Mortin Henry, painter, Ac, Buxton. . vi.

Miiller Gustav, Railway Hotel, Buxton xii.

Parker Herrod, butcher, Chesterfield . . v.

Peat Richard, musical instrument manufacturer, Tibshelf v.

Plant Chas. P., auctioneer and valuer, Buxton xiii.

Power Joseph, athletic outfitter, Derby iii.

Richardson John B., auctioneer and valuer, Swadlincote vi.

Shaw Geoi^e, brazier and gasfitter, Chesterfield xi.

Sheppard James, furniture remover Glossop xii.

Simpson Robert, stone merchant,

Spitewinter, Ashover ix.

Smedley J., Woolley Quarries, Alfreton xii.

Smedley Wm., stone merchant, North- edge, Ashover viii.

Snape T. & Co., publishers' printers, Preston xv.

Stoke HaU Stone Quarries, Joseph Turner, Grindleford x.

Taylor G. & Bros., livery stables pro- prietors, Chapel-en-le-Frith ...... viii.

Taylor H. & W., bone and manure works, Hopton iv.

Turner Francis, monumental mason,

Cutthorpe xv.

Turner, John, butcher, Chesterfield . . xi.

Venning C, hardware factor, Swadlin- cote vi.

Warner Joseph, Angel Hotel, Chester- field xi.

Webbe & Grantham, coal merchants, Buxton V.

Wildsmith, weighing machine maker, Derby iii.

INDEX OF PLACES.

PAGE

ABNEY Ill

Abney Grange Ill

AldecarHall 669

Alderwasley 607

Aldwark 330

Alfreton 610

Alkmonton 272

Allenton 698

Allestree 695

Alport 448

Alsop-en-lo-Dale & Eaton 274

Alton 43, 395

Alvaston 697

Ambaston 743

Ambergate 646, 663

Amber Mills 680

Ankerbold 98

Annwell 810

Apperknowle 231

Appleby 701

Appletree Hundred 29

Arleston 706

Ash 466

Ashbourne 275

Ashbourne Green 285

Ashford 296

Ashgate 54

Ashleyhay 495

Ashopton 155

Ashover 88

Aston 188, 463

Aston-on-Trent 708

Astwith 48

Atlow 300

Ault Hucknall 46

Axe Edge 117

BAGSHAWE 145

Bakewell 301

Ballidon 331

Bamford 108

Barber Booth 169

Bargate 667

Barlborough 206

Barlow, Great 50

Barlow, Little 50

Barmoor 203

Barrow-on-Trent 705

Barton Blount 319

Baslow 320

Baxton Moor 270

Beard 197

Bearwardcote 747

Beauchief Abbey 209

Beeley 322

Beighton 211

Beighton Fields 208

Beighton Hill 495

Belmont 66

Belpcr 624

Belper Lane End 629

Belph 270

Bentley Brook 420

PAGE

Bentley, Fenny 380

Bentley Hungry 273

Bents, The 225

Barrister 639

Bibbington 204

Biggin 324

Biggin Grange 324, 386

Birchill 311

Birchitt 236

Birchover 457

Birch Vale 184

Birch wood, Lower 614

Birchwood Park 442

Birley 213

Birley Grange 54

Blackbrook 146

Black Rocks 346

Blackwall 397

Blackwell 469, 637

Bole Hill 238, 494

Bolsover 216

Booths 169, 389

Booth Gate 664

Bonsall 325

Borrowash 671, 813

BouUon 698

Boundary 715

Bowden Edge 145

Bowden Head 146

Bowshawo 234

Boyleston 328

Brackenfield 640

Bradboume 329

Brad bourne. Nether -330

Bradley 332

Bradley Ash 474

Bradshaw Edge 146

Bradway 253

Bradwell 109

BradwellDale Ill

Brailsford 708

Brambley 321

Bramley 238

Brampton 52

Brampton Moor 55, 66

Brampton, New 55, 66

Brand Top 118

Brassington 333

Breadsall 711

Breaston 509

Bretby 713

Bretton 379

Brizlincote 817

Brimington 67

Broadlow Ash 474

Brookbottom 194

Brookhill Hall 676

Broomfield Hall 569

Brosterfield 380

Brough 188

Broughton, Church 339

Broughton, West 361

PAGE

Brownside 116

Brushfield 469

BubiieU 321

Buckland Hollow 663

Kugsworth 116

Bullbridge 646

Bumpton Green 401

Bupton 401

Burbage 116

Burley 390

Bumaston 747

Burrows or Over Burrows 710

Butterley 678

Buxton 119

CADSTER HILL 147

Caldwell 817

Calke 715

Callow 495

Callow Moor 397

Calow 66

Calver 849

Cannon Hill 765

Camfield Hall 684

Carsington 336

Carter Lane 238

Cartledge 247

Castleton 137

Castle Gresley 724

CatandFiddle 128

Catton 733

Cans Hall 63

Chaddesden 717

Chapel-en-le-Frith 144

Charles Cotton Hotel 383

Charlestown 166

Charlesworth 161

Chatsworth 366

Chellaston 719

Chelmorton 337

Chequers, The 349

Chester, Little 842

Chesterfield 69

Chesterfield Parliamen- tary Division 38

Chevin 664

Chilcote 721

Chinloy, Bugsworth, and

Brownside 116

Chisworth 162, 153

Qhunall 162

Church Broughton 339

Church Gresley 721

Church Town 351

Clay Cross 83

Clay Lane 83

Cliff Ash 396

CUfton 341

Clough 195, 200

Clowne 220

Coal Aston 230

CobdenEdge 195

Coddington 660

INDEX OF PLACES.

PAGE

Godnor and Loscoe 511

Codnor Park 667

Cold Eaton 275

Colleycroft 372

Gompstall Road 153

Compton 342

Conksbury 506

Coombs 147

Combs Edge 147

Combs Moss 147

Cordwell 247

Cotes Park 614

Cotmanhay 539

Coton-in-the-Elms 731

Cowers 659, 660

Cowhay 154

Cowley 230

Cowlow 161

Coxbenoh 531, 666

Cressbrook 479

Cresswell 245

Crich 642

CrichCarr 646

Cromford 343

Cropper 466

Cross-o'-th'-Hands 393

CrowdyCote 362

Crow Trees 662, 678

Croxall 732

Cubley 346

Culland 709

Curbar 348

Cutthorpe 54

DALBURY LEES 735

Dale Abbey 513

Dalley 629

Darley 421

Darley Abbey 736

Darlev Dale 350

Darley Flash 353

Darley Moor 454

Darley North 350

Deepdale 161

Denby 518

Derby 842

Derby Hills 738

Derby Lane 86

Derwent 155

Derwent Woodlands 155

Dethick and Lea 356

Diamond Hill 118

Dinting and Dinting Vale 166

Doe Lea Cottages 89

Donisthorpe 738

Dore 223

Dovedale 472

Doveholes 160

Dove Hole Dale 204

Doveridge 359

Drakelow 724

Draycott 605

Dronficld 227

Dronfield Woodhouse 230

Duckmanton 105

Duffield 650

Dunstan 90, 92

EARL STERNDALE 362

Eastwood Hall 88

Eaton and Sedsall 861

Eaton Cold 275

Eaton, Little 760

PAGK

Eaton, Long 555

Eccles 149

Eccles House 188

Eckington 236

Edale 158

Edensor 363

Edgestone Head 298

Edingale 733

Edlaston-with-Wyaston... 370

Ednaston 709

Egginton 740

Eldon Hole 202

Ehnton 244

ElmtonPark 245

Elton 372

Elvaston 742

Emmett Carr 238

Etwall 744

Eyam 373

Eyam Woodlands 379

FAIRFIELD 159

Fallinge 356

Fanshaw Gate 247

FarLaund 629

Farley 353, 420

Farnah 654

Farnah Green 654

Fenny Bentley 380

Fernilee 189

Fifty 810

Findem 749

Flagg 338

Flax Piece 96

Foolow 379

Ford 238

Ford Hall 145

Foremark 751

Forty or Faulty 810

Foston 450

Foxhouse Inn 388

Friden 324

Fritchley 646

Froggatt 349

GALLOWS INN 634

Gamesley 152

Glapwell 218

Glossop 162

Gnat Hole 147

Golden Valley 669

Gorse Hall 42

Grange Mill 437

Grass Moor 87

Gratton 506

Great Hamlet 184

Great Wilne 808

Greenhill 253

Greenhill Lane 613

Green Hillocks 585

Greenwich 579

Griffe Grange 496

Grindleford Bridge 379

Grindlow or Greenlow ... 112

Grinds Brook 159

Grinlow 117

HACKENTHORPE 213

Hackney Lane 855

Hackney, Upper 353

Haddon, Over 807

Haddon, Nether 808

Hadfield 167

Hague Bar 197

PAGE

Hales Green 503

Halfway House 238

Hallam Fields 537

Hallam, Little 539

Hallam, West 601

Hall Close 783

HallfieldGate 680

Hammersmith 579

Handley 96, 260

Handley, Nether 260

Haudley, West 260

Hanging Bridge 342

Hardwick 47

Hargate Manor 740

Hargate Wall 206

Harlesthorpe 222

Harper Hill 108

Harpur Hill 118

Harstoft or Hardstafi 48

Harthsay, Upper & Lower 679 Hartington -

Town Quarter 383

Middle Quarter 362

Nether Quarter 324

Upper Quarter 116

Harthill 606

Hartshorne 752

Hasland 86

Hassop 310

Hathersage 386

Hatton 409

Hayes, Little 609

Hayfield 182

Hayfield, Little 184

Hazlebadge 112

Hazleford 379

Hazlewood 668

Heage 661

Heanor 520

Heath 88

Heathoote 324, 3a5

Heath-houses 740

Hemsworth 263

Higham 680

Higham, New 680

High Peak Parliamentary

Division 180

Highlow 189

High Lane 238

High Needham 363

High Ordish 42

High Peak Hundred 29

Hill Cliff 693

Hilloote 638

Hillhouses 108

Hillside 42, 242, 398

Hill Somersall 468

Hillstown 102

Hill Top 230

Hilton 409

Hirst, Nether 390

Hockley 218

Hognaston 390

Holbrook 238

Holbrooke 666

Hollington 402

HoUins 64

Holloway 368

Holly Bank 168

Holme 405

Holmeafield 246

INDEX OF PLACES.

PAGE

Holt Wood 861

Holy Moorside 64

Hoon 410

Hope 186

Hope Woodlands 157

Hopton 495

Hopwell 606

Horwich or Horridge End 189

H.-raley 530

HorsleyGate 247

Horsley Woodhouse 633

Howard Town 163

Hucklow (Great) 112

Hucklow (Little) 113

Holland 392

Hulland Ward 393

Hulland Ward Intake .... 393

Hungry Bentley 273

Hundow 235

Hurdlow 368

Hurst Nether 390

IBLE 437

Idridgehay 395

Ilkeston 534

Ilkeston Parliamntry. Div. 509

Ingleby 752

Inkersall 260

IretonWood 896

Ireton, Little 783

Ironbrook Grange 437

Ironville 667

KEDLESTON 756

Kelstedge 48

KidsleyPark 597

Kilbum 631

Killamarsh 248

Kinder Hamlet 184

King's Newton 774

KirkHallam 664

Kirk Ireton 396

KirkLangley 758

KnowleHiUs 830

LADY BOOTH 169

Ladmanslow 118

Lane Ends 163

Leu[ies 102

Lcmgley 523

Langley Common 759

LangleyMill 523

Langwith Basse tt or

Upper Langwith 89

Lathkill 439, 448

Lea 356

Lea Hall 831, 857

Lea Hurst 357

Lees 736

Leighton Low 197

Ley Hill 362

Lidgate 108, 247

Lillies, The 654

Limefield 153

Linacre 54

Linton 725

Little Cubley 848

Little Chester 842

Little Eaton 262

Little Hallam 639

Little Hayes 609

Little Hayfield 184

Little Moor 166

Little Ireton 783

PAGE

Littleover 762

Litton 478

LockoPark ... 811

Long Eaton 555

Longford 400

Long Lane 466, 832

Longshaw 388

Longstone, Great 404

LoEgstone, Little 405

Loscoe 512

Losehill 158

Low Foot 161

Low Leighton 197

Lowne 88

Ludworth 152

LuUington 764

Lumsdale 423

Lund 88

Lydgate 108, 247

MACKLEY 463

Mackworth 765

Maglow 146

Makeney 654

Malcalf 146

Mammerton 402

Mam Tor 25, 158

Mansell Park 393

Mapperley 566

Mappleton 406

Marehay 579

Markeaton 767

Marlpool 523

Marple Bridge 152

MarshLane 238

Marston-upon-Dove 408

Marston Montgomery 412

Matlock 413

Matlock Bank 417

Matlock Bridge 416

Matlock Green 416

Matlock Bath 428

Maugerhay 252

Meadow Place 506

Measham 768

Meersbrook 253

Melbourne 770

Mellor 193

Mercaston 783

Merrybower 707

Mestesforde 414

Meynell Langley 759

Mickleover 779

Mickley 230

Middlocalo 197

Middleton-with-Smerrill . 607 Middleton-by-Youlgrave .. 507

Midway 823

Middleton, Stonoy 459

Mid Parliamentary Div... 607 Middleton-by-Wirksworth 436

Milford 670

Mill Brow 153

Millers Dale 205, 480

Milltborpo 247

Milltown Quarter 42

Milton 803

Moathouse 702

Mouslow 168

Monvash 438

Moodersley 758

Moorhall 51

PAGE

Moorwood Moor 688

Moorwoods 247

MorewoodMoor 646

Morleston and Litchurch

Hundred 80

Morley 567

Morley Park 664

Morton 672

Mosborough 237

Moseylee 786

Mugginton 781

NEEDHAM, HIGH 363

Nestesforde 414

Nether Birchwood 614

Nether Booth 159

Nether Green 260, 447

Nether Haddon 308

Nether Hall 351

Nether Moor 108

Nether Padley 190

Netherthorpe 260

Nether Thurvaston 402

New bold and Dunstan ... 90

NewGlossop 163

Newhall 785

Newhaven 324

New Higham 680

New Houghton 98

New Mills 196

Newton 639

Newton Grange 284

Newton Solney 788

Newtown 699

No Man's Heath 721

Norbury-with-Roston 440

Normanton 790

Normanton, Little 106

Normanton, North 106

Normanton, South 683

Normanton, Temple 105

North Darley 360

North - Eastern Parlia- mentary Division 206

North Lees 389

North Wingfield 93

Norton 251

Norton Lees 262

Norton Woodseats 263

OAKERTHORPE 688

Oakley 734

Oakes, The 253

Oaks Green 463

Oakthorpe 738

Ockbrook 570

Odin Mine 24, 142

OfFcote Underwood 285

Offorton 190

Ogston Hall 641

OkerHill 354

Old Glossop 163

Old Midway 754

Ollerbrook 169

Ollcrcnshaw 148

OUersett 197

One Ash 439

Osliston-with-Thurvaston 465

Osmaston 443

Osmaston-by-Derby 792

Outseats 389

Over Booth 159

Over Hackney 363

INDEX OF PLACES.

PAQE

Over Haddon 307

Overton Hall 42

Overlane 629

Owlcotes or Oldcotes 89

Owlerbar 247

Oxcroft 218

Oxtonrakes 52

PADFIELD 168

Padley Hall 678

Padley, Nether 190

Palterton 102

Park Hall 184, 518, 667

Park Head 647

Parwich 445

Pastures, The 833, 780

Peak Forest 202

Peaks Hole 140

Pease Hill 579

Pentrich 573

Pig Tor 161

Phoside 184

Piko HaU 325

Pilsbury Orange 385

Pilsley 369, 673

Pindale 187

Pinxton 675

Pistern Hills 831

Plaistow Green 647

Ploasley 98

Pleasley Vale 99

Plumley 238

Plumpton 146

Postern 660

Potlock 750

Potter Somersall 463

Prestwood 758

Priestcliffe 469

Pye Bridge 614

Pye Hill 614

QUARNDON 794

RADBOURNE 796

Ravensdale 783

Raven's Nest 43

Renishaw Quarter 238

Repton 797

Repton & Gresley Hundred 30

Riber 419

Riddings 612

Ridge Hall 145

Ridgeway 664

Ridgway 238

Riloy 102

Ripley 575

Risley 586

Robin Hood 647

Rodsloy 402

Romley Hall 222

Rookery 298

Rook Hill 736

Rosliston 805

Roston 442

Rowarth 197

Rowland 312

Rowlee 157

Rowsley 447

Rowthorne 49

Row Tor 458

Rye Flat 149

SAND BED LANE 629

Sandiacre 588

Sandy Brook 286

PAGE

Sapperton 341

Sawley 591

Saw Mills 664

Scaddows 831

Scarcliffe 101

Scarsdale Hundred 30

Scropton-with-Foston 449

SedsaU 361

Shallcross 192

Shardlow & Great Wilne 806

Shatton 188

Sheldon 298

Shining Cliff Park 607

Shipley 595

Shirebrook 99

Shire Oaks 629

Shirland 678

Shirley 451

Short Hazles 753

Shottle and Postern 659

Shottle Gate 669

Shuckton Manor 393

Shuttlewood 218

Sickleholme 109

Sicknall 831

Simmondley 163

Sinfin and Arlcston 706

Sinfin Moor 809

Slack Hall 146

Slaley 327

Sload Lane 238

Small Dale Ill

Smalley 596

Smerrill and Grange 507

Smisby 809

Smithy Houses 519

Snake Inn 157

Snelston 353

Snitterton 353

Somercoates 614

Somersall Hall 52

Somersall Herbert 454

Sothal 213

South Darley 354

Southern Parliamentary

Division 695

Southgate House 222

South Hill..... 97

Southwood 821

Sparrow Pit 146

Speedwell Mine 141

Spink Hill 238

Spital 87

Spitewinter 42

Spondon 811

Spout 495

Stainsby 49

Stancliffe 353

Stanfree 218

Stanley 598

Stanton and Newhall 785

Stanton-in-Peak 456

Stanton-by-Bridge 814

Stanton-by-Dale 599

Stanton Woodhouse 457

Stapenhill 816

Starkholmes 424

Staveley 269

Steeple Grange 494

Steetley 270

Stenaon 707

PAGE

Stonegravels 90

Stoke 191

Stonebroom 680

Stonedge 108

Stoneyford 146, 512, 669

Stoney Houghton 100

Stoney Middle ton 469

Stonnis 345

Street Lane 618, 686

Stretton 95, 680

Stretton-en-le-Field 821

Stretton Hillside 680

Stubbin Court 108

Stubbin Edge 43

Stubley 234

Stuffynwood Hall 100

Sturston 286

Stydd 603

Sudbury 461

Summerley 235

Summerwood Top 239

Sutton-in-the-Dale 103

Sutton-cum-Duckmanton 103

Sutton-on-the-Hill 464

Sutton Scarsdale 103

Swadlincote . 822

Swanwick 614

Swarkestone 827

Swathwick 108

Sydnope 353

TADDINGTON 467

Tansley 470

Tapton 67

Tapton Grove 68

Tatshall 830

Temple Normanton 105

The Meadow 205

ThornhUl 191

Thornsett 197

Thorpe 472

Thurlow Booth 647

Thurlston or Thulston... 743

Tburvaston 466

Thurvaston, Nether 402

Tibshelf 690

Ticknall 829

Tideswell 476

Tinker's Inn 342

Tissington 482

Toad Hole 363

Toad Hole Furnace 680

ToadMoor 663

Totley 226

Totley Bents 226

Troway 238

Trusley 831

Tunstead 147, 204

Tunstead, Upper & Lower 206

Tupton 96

Turnditch 693

Turnlee 163

Two Dales 363

Twyford and Stenson 707

TINSTONE 230

Unthank 247

UpperBooth 159

Upper End 204

Upper End Quarter 42

Upper Hackney 363

Upper Birohwood ... 678, 685 Upper Langwith 89

INDEX OP PLACES.

PAGE WAINGRIFP or WAIN-

GROVES 579

Wakebridge 647

Waldley 413

Walton 67

Walton-upon-Trent 832

Ward Gate 393

Wardlow 479

Wardlow Miers 479

Warsop Park 100

Wash, The 146

Waterside 168

Water Swallow 161

Watshelf or Wadshelf 56

Wensley 363

West Broughton 361

Wessington or Washing- ton 694

West Parliamentary Div. 272

West Hallam 601

West Houses 639

Weston-on- Trent 836

Weston Underwood 783

Wetwithin 378

Whaley Bridge 189

PAGE

WhaleyThomes 218

Whatstandwell 646

Wheatoroft 647

Wheston or Whetstone ... 480

Whitebrick Moor 208

Whitehough ^ 147

White Lane 238

White Moor 629

Whitfield 166

Whittle 198

Whittington 263

WhitwoU 268

Wicked Nook 810

Wigley 55

Wigwell Grange 494

Willersley Castle 431

Willesley 837

Williamthorpo 95

WUlington 838

Wilne, Church or Little... 604

Wilne, Great 808

Wilsthorpe 594

Windley 654

Wingorworth 107

Wingfield, North 93

PAGE

Wingfield, South 686

WingfieldPark 688

Winhill 140, 158, 191

Winnetts 141, 143

Winshill 839

Winster 485

Wirksworth 488

Wirksworth Hundred 30

Wolvescote Grange 385

Woodeaves 484

Wooden Box 754

Woodheys 154

Woodhead 97, 400

Woodlincoln 512

Woodthorpe 96, 247, 260

Woodville 754

WooUey 641

WooUey Bridge 168

Wormhill 203

Wyaston 371

YEAVELEY 502

Yeldersley 285

Youlgrave 504

Younds 328

INDEX OF PERSONS, SUBJECTS, &c.

PAGE

AH BEYS -

Beauchief 19, 210

Dale 19

Darley 19, 736

Repton 798

Abell Family 829

Abney Family 769, 873

Alabaster 27, 704, 719

Alfred the Great 4

Alleynes, The 658, 722

Anchor Church 751

Alport Heights. . 496

Amber River.. 39, 40, 95, 695

Andlestone 457

Apostle of the Peak

146, 298, 479

Arbelows 3, 14

Arborlow 507

Archaeology of Derbyshire 8 Arkwright, Sir Richard.. 431 Arkwright*s Spinning

Frame 624

Arkwrights, The 344, 361

Ashop River 167

Axe Edge 117

BABINGTON, Anthony.. 356 Babington Family.. 676, 694

Back Tor 158

Badecanwylla (Bakewell)

4, 301 Badman, Mr., Life and

Death of 41

Bagshaw Family

113, 145, 253, 306 Bagshaw, Rev. William (Apostle of the Peak)

113, 115, 146, 479

Bagshaw 's Cavern 110

Balguys, The 156, 187

Ball, Nathan 523

Banks, Sir Joseph 42

Barker Family 307

Barracks 791

Barrows, British & Saxon

11, 12, 13, 14 Barrows, Romano-British 13

Barytes 504

Bassett Family 89

Bateman Family. . . . 385, 607 Batoman, Thos., Esq.. 2, 606

Bathomgate 189

Bat House Cave 609

Baths .... 119, 124, 213, 221, 305, 429, 431, 460, 539

Battles 384

Beauchief Abbey 19

Beck, Anthony, Bishop of

Durham 98

Becon, The Reformer .... 274

Bell Rope Land 102

Bentley Brook Quarries . . 420 "n-«»*ley8, The 712

PAGE

Bontney, Father, con- demned to death for

saying Mass 602

Beresford Dale 23, 283

Beresfords, The 381

Bess of Hardwick

47, 51, 88, 216, 365

Bewsays, The 831

Bitum ^n 25

Black Death 792

Black Edge 147

Black Marble 24

Blackwalls, The 397

Blackwell Family 492

Blende or Black Jack .... 24

Blount Family 391, 768

Blue John Cavern 142

Blue John Spar 24, 142

Blythes, The 251, 252

Bole Hill 51, 108

Bone Caves 9, 10, 14

Boot Manufacture 771

Boothbys, The 276, 280

Bothes, The 692, 706

Bourne, Rev. Emanuel . . 38

Bowden Family 208

Bradboumes, The 392

Bradley Rocks 458

BradshawFamUy 111,146, 652 Brandreth, Ludlam, and

Turner, Execution of.. 673

Brindley, the Engineer . . 204

British Interments 11

Britons, Ancient .... 1, 2

Broxford Hall 361

Brythons 2

Buckst Dns, The 465

Bullock Family 53

Bunster 23

Bunyan, John 41

Burdett Family 751, 816

Busby, Father George . . . 602

Butterlcy Ironworks .... 576

Buxton Diamonds 118

Buxton, Jedediah 245

Byron Family 530

OiESAR 2, 3

Oair's Chair 389

Canals 65

Calc Spar 504

Calico Printing .... 166, 184

Camps, Ancient 13

Cantelupe, William de . . 537

Caoutchouc, Mineral .... 25

Carboniferous Limestone. 24

Carl's Wark 13, 389

Castle Ring 606

Castles 138,

t^l6, 419, 431 630, 660,

668, 714, 724, 742, 766, 771

OatlowHill 454

Cat Stone 457

PAOK

Caus Matilda le 63

Cave-Browne-CaveFamily 822 Cavendish Family . . 216, 366^

Cave Remains 14

Caverns . . 127, 140, 141, 142, 202, 420, 429, 440, 460-

Celt8B, The 1, 2

Centenarians . . 108, 249, 415 Chandos-Pole Family ...

740, 762, 782, 796

Chandos, Sir John 796

Charltons, The 689

Chantrey, the Sculptor . .

253, 280

Chaworths, The 610

Chee Dale and Chee Tor.. 204

Chethams, The 466

Chinley Churn 147

Church Ales S?©-

Clarke Family 52

Claye, John 644

Clifford, Fair Rosamond. . 676

Climate 27

Clowes Family 441

Clowne Dam 222

Coal Measures, The ....

25, 595, 601 Coal Mines. .93, 107, 207, 511, 621, 631, 673, 695, 601, 607, 615, 638, 661, 675, 683, 721, 724, 725, 739 Coal Mming, Early.. 611 768

Cokayne Family 276,

483, 505, 606 Coke Family . . 401, 772, 831

Colximbells, The 351

Colvile Family 765

Constabulary, The 37

CorbarHill 127

Coritani 2, 3

Cotton Family 328,

465, 735, 745 Cotton Manufacture.. 54, 99, 163, 168, 184, 302, 344, 349, 471, 476, 479, 484, 673, 670

Counter's Cliff 118

County Council. ..... 31, and

Appendix

Cowburn 158

Cox, Rev. Dr. . . 17, 62, 166, 190, 262, 323, 337, 362, 372, 376, 408, 412, 462, 468, 491, 555, 689, 604, 712, 722, 793, 812, 821

Oratcliff Tor 506

Cremation 17

Creswell Oraggs 10, 244

Crich Family 43

Ciioh Stand 643

Cromwell, Lord 687

Orooked Spire 61

INDEX OF PERSONS, SUBJECTS, ETC.

PAGE

Croom 362

Cross, Ancient British.. 468

Cross, Wayside 480

Crowden 168

Crypt, Saxon 801

Cucklet Dell and Church 377 Cumberland Cavern .... 429 Cunningham, Kev. Peter 378

Curfew Bell 102

Curzon Family . .711, 732, 766

DAKEYNE or DAKIN Family.... 48, 160, 363, 385

Dale Abbey 614

Danish Incursions .. 4, 798

Danish Settlements 4

Darley Quarries 421

Darwin, The Poet 712

Deaneries, List of . ... 33, 34 Deincourt Family.. 672, 674 Deincourt, Lord. . . . 103, 244

Delf 377

Depth o' Lumb 669

Derby and Derbyshire Convalescent Home . . 417

Derby, Place - Name 846

Derby Ribbing Machine . . 626 Derbyshire, Its Physio- graphy and Polity 21

Derbyshire under the

Normans 6

Derventio 3, 60

Derwent Edge 156

Derwent Hall 156

Derwent, The . . .22, 108,

166 861 429 Dethick Family 711,' 782,' 786

Devil's Hole, The.. 140

Devonshire Cavern 429

Diamond Hill 118

Dickey's SkuU 147

Dick Turpin 631

Disbrowe Family 833

Dovedale 23, 472

Dove, The 23, 383, 472

Draper Family 709

Drought, Great 606

Druids' Circles 3,

14, 188, 378, 476, 606, 607

Dungeon Tors 430

Durwood Tor 606

EARTHENWARE

Manufacture. .623, 722, 822 Earthworks, Ancient ....

Ill, 146, 245, 388

Eastwood Hall 38

Ebbing and Flowing Well

146, 203 Ecclesiastical Govern- ment and Divisions . . 33

Eddin Tree Ill

Edge Moor 118

Edric the Wild 6

EldonHiU 202

Eldon Hole 202

Erewash, River 23

Ethelfleda, The Lady of

Mercia 4

Etberow, The 23

Evans, Sir William 696

Every Family 740, 788

PAGE

Eyre Family 91, 187,

189, 190, 311, 849, 389, 405

FARLEY Quarries 420

Fawne or Fowne Family 607

Fasting Girl, The 308

Ferrers, Earls of Derby . .

6, 833

Finderns, The 749,

762, 815, 827 FitzHerberts, The.. 190,

441, 455, 483

Fitzhubert, Ralph 5

Fltzralphs, The 642

Five Wells Hill 469

Flams tead, John 519

Flavia, Csesariensis 8

Foljambe3,The..62,67,187, 311, 351, 372, 477, 570, 674

Folly Ring 187

Font, Saxon 604

Football 277

Foremark Hall 17

Fossil Marble 436, 439

Fraunceys, The 815

Frechevilles, The 259

Froggatt Edge 849

Funeral Garlands 603, 688

Fumess, Richard 378

GAIDHELS, Gaels, and

Goidels 2

Gallows, The 534

Garlick and Ludlam (Priests) Executed.... 190

Gell, Col. Thomas 103

Gell Family 495

Gell, Sir John 687, 820

Geology and Mineral Pro- ductions 23

Gerards.The 745

Gilberts, The 811

Gladstone's Nose 39

Glutton 362

Gorse Stone 457

Gothic Temple 783

Government and Divisions 28 Goyt, The River .... 23, 152 Gradient, Tramway .... 419

Grained Tor 506

Grammar School, Repton 802

Gresleys, The 722, 764

Grey Family

618, 620, 554, 588, 668, 678

Grinlin Gibbons 521

Grin Low 117, 158

GuUds, Ancient 63, 861

Guinea Farm 450

Guthlac, Saint 798

Guthrum the Dane 4

Guy, Earl of Warwick . . 62

Gypsum 27, 704, 719

HADDONHall 309

Hague the Philanthropbist

166, 183 Hall, Elias, Fossilist and

Geologist 143

Halter Devil Chapel 393

Harborough Rocks 334

Hardinge Family 774

Hardwick Hall 47

Harpur Crewe Family 707 , 711, 716, 749, 762, 815, 827

PAGS

Harrison the famous Tenor 629

Hartington Hall 385

Hastings, Colonel 828

Hastings Family 837

Haven Hill 330

Heartstone 457

Heights of Abram . . 414, 429 Hereward le Wake .... 5, 162

Hermitage 606

Hermitage of Dale 616

Higgar Rocks 389

HichTor 419

Hoobes the Philosopher

47, 128

Holden Family 703

Holies Family 638

Holmes Family 611

Hopton Wood Stone 436

Horestan Castle 630

Hortons, The 733

Hosiery Trade.. 521, 536,

615, 625, 771

Hospitals 273, 746,

802, 811, 886 Hot Springs. .113,122,430, 460

Howard Family 162

Howe, John, the Poet . . 479

Ho Witt, WUliam 622

Hume Cliff College 349

Hundreds 29

Hunlokes, The 107

Hunt Family 703

Hurt Family 608

Hydropathy 417

ILLINGWORTHS, The 711

Inguar and Ubba 4

Interments, Post Roman

or Early Saxon 16

Ironstone . . 26

Iron Works 84,

91, 107, 259, 263, 523, 575, 599, 611, 614, 661, 669 JEWETT, Llewellyn . . 485 KENNY, Luke and Kate 609

Kinder Scout, 158, 182

King of the Peak .... 308

King's Field 374, 489

King Stone 457

Knights Hospitallers . .

471, 502, 503, 679, 705, 706 Knights Templars . . 106, 471 Knitting Machine In- vented 625

Knivetons, The 332, 443, 782 LACE Manufacture. .611, 521, 635, 556, 573, 588, 771

Ladybower KsO

Lambert Simnel 244

Lantern Pike 197

LathkiU Dale 439, 448

Lead Mines 24, 43, 110,141, 307, 311, 358, 374, 414, 436, 469, 467, 485, 489, 604 Load Mining, Customs of 489 Leake Family . . 103, 588,

672, 674 Leake, Sir Nicholas, Le- gend of 104

Legend of Dale Abbey . . 614 Legends....l04, 151, 393,

652, 828

INDEX OF PERSONS, SUBJECTS, ETC.

PAGE

Leper Hospitals 63

Lieutenancy, Magistracy,

and County Officials . . 34-7

Linacre, Dr 54

Linacre, Family 54

Lingard, Anthony 479

Little John, Grave of . . . . 388 Lock Hospital, or Lazar

House 811

Lomberdale 506

Longfords, The 683

Long Tor Cavern 429

Lord's Seat 158

Lose Hill 158

Lovel. Lord 244, 246

Lover's Leap 127, 460

Lowe Family . . 518, 607, 811

Lunatic Asylums 780

Lutudarum 60

Ly tton Family 479

MACKWORTH Family.. 765 Madonna (Pre-Reforma-

tion) 248

Magnesian Limestone . . 27

Mam Tor 25, 158

^langanese 504

Manners Family 308, 534

Marbles 24, 297

^larble Works & Quarries

297, 302, 439

Markland's Grips 244

^larriage. Remarkable . . 298 Mary Queen of Scots 48,

120, 357, 687

Masson 429

Mateley, Dorothy, Story

of 41

Mease, River 23, 768

Mediaeval Ecclesiological

Remains 17

Mediaeval Strongholds .. 20 Medicinal Springs. .111, 119,

124, 213, 221, 305, 394,

429, 460, 539, 664, 757, 794 Meersbrook Museum . . . 253

Melandra Castle 3, 152

Mello, Rov. Magens .... 9

Mercia, Kingdom of 3

MeveroUs, The 475

Meynell Hunt, The 463

Meynells, The.. 483, 502,

722, 759, 785

Middleton Dale 460

Millstone Grit 25

Milnos Family 68

Miners* Standard Dish . . 490 Minninglow Barrow . . 11, 331

Mock Beggar's Hall 506

Model Village 218

Mompesson, Rev. Wm. . . 376

Monastic Remains 19

Monk's Bridge 740

Monsall Dale 405

Montgomeries, The 347

Moore Family 702

Moore, Tom 279

Moravian Settlement .... 571

^lorewoods. The 611

Morteynes, The 374

Mount St. Mary's College 238 Mouslow Castle 168

PAGE

Mulberry, Gigantic 732

Mundy Family. . 595, 695, 766

Mytham Bridge 109

NEEDLE Manufacture ..

387, 635

Nestes or Nestus 414

Newdigates, The . . . 554, 603

Nightingale Florence 357

Nine Ladies, The 14, 457

Nine Stone Close 506

Noe River 158

OCHRE 307

Odin Mine 24, 142

Oker Hill 354

Oldfield, Dr. Joshua 336

Oldfiold, Rev. John 612

Outrams, The 579

PADLEY Hall .... . . 579

Paper Mills 163, 184

Pares Family 570

Parker's Hill 362

Parliamentary Divisions.. 30

Peacland 4

Peada 3, 798

Peak Castle 138

Peak Cavern . 140

Peak Forest 144

Peaks, The Highest 21

Pegge, Rev. S., LL.D 264

Pebley Pond 206

Penda 3, 798

Pennines, The 21

Petrifying Springs 430

Peverels, The. . 6, 60, 137, 301

Peverel, William de 5

Pieta, Ancient 712

Pigs of Lead, Roman . . 3, 414

Plague at Eyam 375

Pleistocene Era 9

Pleistocene Mammals .... 10 Pole Family . . 206, 663, 758

Poole's Hole 127

Pool Hall 385

Poor Law Unions : - Ash- bourne, 282 ; Bakewoll, 306 ; Belper, 629 ; Cha- pel - en - le - Frith, 147 ; Chesterfield, 06; Derby, 882; Glossop,166; Hay- field, 184 ; Shardlow, 807

Port Family 745

Port, Sir John 735, 838

Post-Pleistocene Man .... 10

Potteries. 91, 263

Powtrells, The 601

Prebends of Sawley 593

Preceptobies :-Arleston,

20, 706 ; Yeaveley, 20, 503 Pre-Norman Remains - 17

Priest Hill 507

Priest's Hiding Hole 208

Priest's Hiding Place .... 601 PRioRiEs:-Breadsall, 712 ; Calke,716; Gresley, 20, 722 ; Repton, 19, 798

Pulpit Rock 377

Pursglove, Bishop 477

RAGNAR Lodbrog 4

Religious Intolerance. ... 91

Reresby Family 38

Revell Family 679, 683

PAOB

Revolution House ...... 264

Reynard's Hall 473

RiberHill 419

Ricklow Dale 439

Riley Graves or Biley

Stones 377

Riley House 377

Ringing Roger 158

Rivers 21, 167

Robin Hood 719

Robin Hood's Mark.... 39

Robin Hood's Stride 506

Rock Basins 388, 506

Rocking Stones. . 39, 389, 458

Rodes Family 207, 260

Roger Rain's House.... 141

Rollestons, The 828

Roman Coins, Discovery

of 696

Roman Stations, Roads,

and Vestiges 3,

14, 15, 147, 162, 189,

354, 519, 624, 797, 835, 842 Rossington Wm., Story of 384

Rowland Family 404

Rowtor Rocks 458

Rutland Cavern 429

Ryknield Street

3, 16, 619, 797 SACHEVERELLS, The

667, 638

Salt Pan 377

Sanders Family 782

Satin Stone 27

Savage Family 49, 634

Savilles, The 374

Saxon Remains, Late . . 17 Saxons, Angles, & Jutes 3

Seward, Miss Anna 378

Seward, Rev. Thomas 378

Shrewsbury, " Scourge of

France" 459

Shire Oak 269

Shirley Family 462,

502, 708, 709 Shivering Mountain .... 158 Siege of Wingfield Manor 689

Singer, Famous 629

Silk Manufacture . .576, 866

Sleighs, The 466

Smedley, John 417

Smith, Lucretla, Queen

of the Gipsies 213

Smith, Rev. Gervase,D.D. 523

Snake Inn 157

Snowstorm, Great 505

Soil and Agriculture.. .. 27

Solneys, The 683

Solomon's Temple 117

Speedwell Mine or Cavern

141, 429, 430 Stained Glass, Ancient.. 568

Stanage 389

Standard, Battle of 6

Stanhopes, The 206,

630, 714, 742, 762, 785

Stanley, Rev. W 376

Stathams, The 667

Stephenson George.. 68, 663

Stocks, The 468

Stonnis or Black Book.. 845

INDEX OF PERSONS, SUBJECTS, ETC.

PAGE

Strelley Family. 596

Strutt Family 626, 671

Strutt, Jedediah 626

Sutton Hall, Siege of 103

Swallow Holes 141

TAYLOR, The Giant ... 539

Tenures, Curious 372, 376

Thacker, Gilbert 800

Thorpe Cloud 23, 472

Tile Kiln, Ancient 800

Tissington Spires 473

Tor Rock 362

Tors, The 643

Tournaments 138, 810

Tram-line, Derivation of 531

Trap or Toadstone 24

Treasure Trove 299

Trent College 557

Trent River 21, 22, 798

Tufa 430

PAGE

Tumular Cemetery .... 17

Tumuli 117, 331,

338, 373, 378, 385, 469, 734 Turbutt Family . . . 641, 679

Turning Stone, The 39

Turpin Family 531

Twyfords, The 758

Tympanum, Norman 446

VERNON, Dorothy .... 308

Vernon Family 308, 461

ViaGellia 327, 436

Via Gellia Colour Works 345

WAKE Family 60

Waterpark, Lord 360

Watson the Sculptor .... 521

Well Dressing 400, 484

Wellesley College 557

Wessex 3

Whinyates 719

Willersley Castle 431

PAGE

Willoughbys, The .... 509,

587, 605, 641 Wilmots, The . . 717, 762, 792

Windgates or Winvates. . 143 Windy Knoll ........10, 25

Wingfield, Seige of 687

Winhill 158

Winnets 10, 141

Wood, William 378

Woodroffes, The 187

Woolley, Adam 415

Woolloy Family 419

Wright, of Derby 809

Wye, River 204, 297,

301 479 YOREDALE Rocks . . . .' 25

ZINC Ore 504

Zouch Family 520,

634, 673, 676, 668

HISTORY OF DERBYSHIRE.

N the absence of historic record, it is impossible to point out with certainty either the period of man's first appearance in this island, or the country whence he came. The subject has engaged the atten- tion of antiquarians for many years past, but the widely divergent conclusions at which they have arrived only prove the worthlessness of their speculations. Some, calling to their aid the deductions of geology, would have us believe that man's advent here was coeval with that far-ofif time when these islands formed an integral part of the continent, and the colossal mammoth, the woolly elephant, the hairy rhinoceros, the cave hyena, the cave bear, and other strange animal forms, whose bones have been found in caves in this countly, wended their way hither over dry land, where now roll the waters of the German Ocean. This distant age has been variously estimated at from 60,000 to 600,000 years ago ! Such are the wild and reckless guesses as to the time of man's first arrival here ; and scarcely less happy have been the con- clusions of antiquarians as to the part of the continent from which he came. Finmark, Denmark, Germany, France, Spain have each been named, and argu- ments more or less plausible advanced in support of their claims. The subject does not possess that general interest that we need enter further into it, suffice it to say that it is now generally admitted that the first inhabitants of this country were not of the Celtic race, nor had their language any affinity to that spoken by any branch of the Celtic race. It became extinct at an early date, but from the few words which have been preserved it has been inferred that it was identical in origin with the Basque.

This primitive race passed away without leaving a history behind, and for what we Imow of them we are indebted to the spade and not to musty records. The secret of their graves has been unlocked, and from such unpromising materials as the mouldering remains foimd therein Canon Greenwell, Dr. Thumam, Professor Eolleston, Thomas Bateman, and others have unravelled the story of this primitive man. He was of short stature, with a head characterised, by its length rather than its rotundity. His facial angle, as measured from his skull, and other evidence afforded by it, indicate the possession of a mild and pleasant countenance. He had domesticated the Bos-longifrons, a species of ox, and hunted the boar and red deer, out of whose bones he fabricated some of his weapons. He led a semi-pastoral sort of life, eking out his subsistence by the chase, and was acquainted with the use of fire in cooking his food. He had some knowledge of the potter's art, and when he died rudely formed earthen vessels, with his flint and bone implements, were buried with him, from which it has been inferred that he had some knowledge of a future state, where he would require the weapons he had used heretofore. He had reached but the incipient stages of civilization, and was, as yet, totally unacquainted with the working of metals.

How long these long-headed, or, as they have been technically termed, dolichc -cephalic men, held undisturbed possession of the country it is impossible to say, but at an early period, probably eight or ten centuries before the Christian era, their right was disputed by another race of men, who found their way hither by crossing the narrow sea which separates this island from Gaul, or, as we now call it, France. The new comers were Celtse, and belonged to the Aryan branch of the human family. They were a superior race, both physically and mentally, and were distinguished from the people they found in possession by the roundness of their skulls. They knew how to fabricate implements of bronze, and posaibV^

A

HISTORY OF DERBYSHIRE. 3

show that, though less civilized, they were not less warlike than their southern neighbours.

Caesar accepted the feigned submission of the southern tribes and returned to Gaul, and Britain retained its independence for about a century longer. The Bomans then re-asserted their claim, and gradually the whole island was subdued and brought under Boman dominion. We know from Tacitus and other Roman historians how valiantly they opposed the disciplined armies of Rome, and the numerous earthworks and intrenchments which remain in Derbyshire and other parts of the country show that every foot of ground was stubbornly contested with the conquerors. The Coritani were one of the two tribes forming the king- dom of the Iceni, the capital of which was Camulodunum (supposed to be Lexden, near Colchester) ; but this part of the little kingdom was very thinly populated, and does not appear to have possessed a single town, and the villages were merely clusters of huts which have left no trace behind.

Under Boman sway the central part of the country, including the district inhabited by the Coritani, formed the province of Flavia Cassariensis. To secure their conquests the Bomans erected stations and constructed roads which, if not in every case, at least in one, followed the Une of the former British trackway. This was Byknield Streety which entered this county on the south-west, near Egginton, where antiquaries have found traces of it, but it is now entirely obUterated by the road which follows it to Littleover. Here, just before reaching the village, it diverges to the left and passes on over Nun's Green and across the Derwent to Little Chester, the Derventio of the Bomans. It passed on thence, by Breadsall, over Morley Moor, near Horsley Woodhouse, and on in a north- easterly direction, but no traces are now discoverable.

Another road led from Buxton to the small camp at Brough, and is still known in places as Bathomgate or Bathgate {i.e. the road to the baths). From Brough it has been traced northwards to Melandra Castle, near Glossop. A fourth road has been traced to the south of Buxton a Httle to the east of the Ashbourne Boad, passing near the Druid's Circle, on Arbelows, thence to the south-east over Brassington Moor, and on to Little Chester.

No evidence is forthcoming to show that the ancient Britons were acquainted with the lead which lay in such abundance beneath the surface, but it is certain that these lead mines were worked by the Bomans. Pigs of the metal bearing Boman inscriptions have been found in the neighbourhood of Matlock, and one was recently dug up on Tansley Moor bearing the inscription, in raised Boman letters, P. B. ABASCANTI METALLI LVTVDABES. Near the place where it was found is an ancient British trackway, which the Boman used for the con- veyance of the lead from the mines. One of the pigs found was inscribed SOCIO BOMTFi (** To my partner at Bome "), from which it has been inferred that the lead was an article of commerce. Many Boman coins and remains have been found at Little Chester, Brough, and Chesterfield, which will be noticed more at length in the topography.

After the departure of the Bomans, hordes of semi-barbarous Saxons, Angles, and Jutes from the Baltic coast and the marshlands of Jutland, poured into the country, and eventually appropriated it, dividing it into seven Hngdoms. The central portion, including what we now call Derbyshire, was formed into the King- dom of Mercia, the largest and most powerful of these seven petty monarchies known as the Saxon Heptarchy. The new comers were pagans, and Christianity, which had been introduced during the Boman domination, had no greater enemy than Penda who ruled over the Mercians. Bepton was the capital of his kingdom, and after the conversion of Peada an abbey was erected here sometime before AD. 660, in which several of the Kings of Mercia were buried. After many internecine wars and much bloodshed, the seven kingdoms were consoUdated by Egbert of Wessex, Mercia and Northumbria being the last to submit to his rule. But they still continued to possess a nominal royalty in a line of under- lords or tributary kings.

HI8T0BT OF DEBBYBHIBE. 5

" Bathing- well," is generally supposed to be Bakewell, and the ramparts or earth- work of an ancient fort are still traceable on a hill close to the town.

Mercia, under succeeding kings, still continued to play an active part in the political and military history of the country, but its dukes were as often in league with the Danes as with the King. There is very Httle recorded having any relation with Derbyshire, but the town of Derby appears to have been a place of some importance, and had the privilege of a mint ; coins struck there have, at various times, been discovered.

We may glean from the Domesday Book how Derbyshire fared under the Normans. The stalwart men of Derbyshire were amongst the most obstinate opponents of the Conqueror, and as a consequence their lands were filched from them and bestowed by William upon the lords and knights who had accompanied him from Normandy. To his illegitimate son, William de Peverel, he gave twenty manors in this county, besides extensive possessions in Nottinghamshire. Thirty manors were bestowed upon Ealph Fitzhubert, and one hundred and fourteen on Henry de Ferrers, who had also nearly as many in other parts of the country. The King retained in his own possession one hundred and twelve manors and the town of Derby. The confiscation was most complete, and scarcely a single Englishman was left in possession of the lands he had inherited from his fathers. Having thus profusely distributed the land and property of the coimtry amongst his rapacious followers, the Conqueror erected numerous fortresses to overawe the insulted and oppressed inhabitants. Conscious of the detestation in which he was deservedly held, he entertained a perpetual jealousy of the English, and in the restless apprehensions of his guilty mind he compelled them to raie out their fires and extinguish their hghts at the hour of eight every night ; and they were reminded of their obligation by the tolling of the curfew bell. The English did not, however, tamely submit to Norman rule ; Edric the Wild long held out in Herefordshire, and Here ward le Wake kept them at bay in the fens of Cambridgeshire. Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria, Waltheof, Earl of Himtingdon, and Earls Edwin and Morcar of Mercia raised the standard of revolt in the north, but Derbyshire does not appear to have had any share in the mihtary operations that followed.

The century which followed the Conquest was unmarked by any events of importance. There had been a gradual fusion of the English and Normans, and the country slowly recovered from the devastation inflicted upon it by the Norman army. In 1138 the right of King Stephen to the Crown was disputed by the Empress Matilda, and her cause was espoused by David, King of Scotland. An undiscipUned host of Scots crossed the border, and advanced southward into Yorkshire, profaning the churches, burning and pillaging monasteries and villages, and slaughtering promiscuously the young, aged, and defenceless. Thurston, the venerable Archbishop of York, summoned the nobihty and gentry to assemble with their retainers to repel the invaders. The chief command was entrusted to Walter I'Espec, who was supported by William de Albemarle Walter de Gand, Bobt. de Brus, Roger de Mowbray, William de Percy, Robt. de Stuteville, and Robert de Ferrers, who led the men of Derbyshire. The two armies met near Northallerton, and the Scots were totally routed. This battle is known in history as the ** Battle of the Standard." The Derbyshire men distinguished themselves in the conflict, and Robert de Ferrers was rewarded for his services with the Earldom of Derby.

Never had the country presented such a scene of misery since the invasions of the Danes as it did at this time. The barons, divided in their allegiance between Stephen and the Empress Matilda, fortified their castles, and for the while became freebooters, plundering the country, torturing those whom they suspected had any wealth, whether friend or foe, and committing the most inhnTTiftn excesses. Secure within their moated castles and surrounded by a numerous body of retainers, they set at naught the restraints of law and justice, and often hurled defiance at the Crown itself. Both competitors connived at the excesses of their adherents, and both parties were eager to retaliate.

HISTORY OP DERBYSHIRE. 7

a severe defeat at Boroughbridge, was taken prisoner, and led back to Pontefract Castle. Here he was arraigned, convicted, and beheaded.

There is little to record of Derbyshire during the reign of Edward III. The Scots decUned to submit to the dictatorship of Edward III., and in considerable force penetrated into the north of England devastating the districts through which they passed ; and for the protection of the inhabitants the King issued a writ to the sheriffs of Derby, Nottingham, Lancashire, &c., permitting them to withdraw themselves with their goods and cattle out of the county into the southern parts of the kingdom, and there to remain, wherever they chose, in the King's woods, forests, and pastures during their pleasure. But signal and speedy vengeance was inflicted on the Scots at HalUdon Hill, and the necessity of seeking protection for themselves and their cattle in the King's forests and pastures was happily averted.

Derbyshire passed scatheless through the wars between the rival houses of York and Lancaster, but she was not so fortunate in the war between Charles I. and the Parliament, and many a family of affluence and distinction was reduced to ruin and sank into oblivion. Most of the gentry and burgesses of the county were favourable to the royal cause and thus drew upon themselves the vengeance of the Cromwellites, who raided their houses, singing canticles of praise to the Lord as they carried off the plunder. The royal standard was erected at Notting- ham in August, 1642, and the King passed through Derby, where he received from the Corporation a loan of £300 and as many arms and implements of war as could be found, which he promised to rettirn at the conclusion of the war. Three months later Sir John Gell, of Hopton, a Parliamentary leader, with a small regiment of foot marched from Hull to Chesterfield, thence to Wirksworth, and drove Sir Francis Wortley and his handful of royalists out of the town. He then proceeded to Derby, which he garrisoned with very little difficulty, though but a short while before the inhabitants had been loud in their protestations of loyalty. The Earl of Chesterfield fortified his house at Bretby for the king, and Sir John Gell with his augmented force attacked the house and put the small garrison to flight. The Countess remained, and refusing to comply with their demand for money, the house was given up to plunder. There were royalist forces at Tutbury, Lichfield, and Ashby-de-la-Zouch ready to proceed against Derby. A small force of royaUsts under General Hastings and Sir John Harpur fortified the house of the latter at Swarkston, but they were overpowered by the force sent against them from Derby, though they made a vigorous defence at the bridge over the Trent. Success often decides the wavering, and Sir John Cell's forces daily received accessions of strengtK. He had companies at Winfield Manor, Wingerworth, and Chatsworth, from which he was able to send detachments to the assistance of Sir Thomas Fairfax. The approach of the Earl of Newcastle with a strong force of royahsts turned for a short while the tide of victory. South Winfield Manor House was taken, but the Earl, instead of following up his success, retreated with the greater part of his army into Yorkshire. Sir John Gell, having obtained assistance from the parUamentary forces at Nottingham, laid seige to the httle stronghold, but the garrison stubbornly resisted. The royalists of the county assembled their forces at Burton to go to the relief of the manor. Major Sanders was despached with dragoons to intercept them, and at Boyleston he captured by a stratagem Colonel Eyre and his whole regiment, who had taken up their quarters for the night in the church. The news of this loss damped the spirits of the royalists, who, after a few skirmishes, were driven out of Burton and dispersed. The siege of Winfield was then proceeded with, and the garrison capitulated. Another futile attempt was made by the royahsts of the Peak, who, to the number of about 300 horse, assembled at Tissington, where they were speedily routed ; and the battle of Naseby, fought soon afterwards, gave the death-blow to royalty for a time.

Cromwell's short reign, harsh and oppressive, with its stern measures for the suppression of every form of amusement, produced a reaction in the popular mind against Puritanical government; and scarcely had the mantle of the Dictator fallen on his son Bichard when the people of Derbyshire openly showed

8 HI8T0BT OF DEBBT8HIBE.

their discontent by a tumultuous demonstration in the Market Place at Derby. The insurgents were dispersed by a force of dragoons, but the restoration of Charles II. was accomplished shortly afterwards.

Derbyshire played an important part in the Revolution of 1688, which placed WiUiam, Prince of Orange, on the throne of the Stuarts, and drove James II. into exile. The first secret meeting of the conspirators was held at the ** Cock and Pynot," a roadside public-house in Whittington, near Chesterfield, and the result of their deUberations was an invitation to the Prince of Orange. The Earl of Devonshire, the ruhng spirit of the conspiracy, marched at the head of 500 men to the town of Derby, where ** he declared against James II. and in favour of his Dutch son-in-law." The Earl was handsomely rewarded by the new King, who raised him to the highest rank in the peerage.

The Revolution was quietly and, in many places, joyously accepted by the people, but in the reign of Queen Anne a desire was manifested in high places for the restoration of the Stuart dynasty. In 1709 Dr. Sacheverell, a celebrated divine of strong Tory proclivities, preached at All Saints', Derby, and at St. Paul's Cathedral two famous sermons, in which he held up to ridicule the Whig government that had dominated the country since the accession of William III., and stigmatised the Revolution as an unrighteous change. The sermons were voted scandalous and libellous by the Government, and Sacheverell was impeached of high crimes and misdemeanours. His trial lasted three weeks, and the mild sentence passed upon him was received in Derby with acclamations of joy.

When the Earl of Derwentwater unfurled the standard of rebellion in favour of the Pretender he had many sympathisers in Derbyshire, but no active assist- ance was given, and a few years later, in 1745, when " Bonnie Prince Charlie" made the final attempt to oust the Guelph from the throne, he led his brawny Highlanders as far as Derby on his intended march to London. Two regiments of volunteers were hastily raised for the defence of the town, but their courage sank to zero as the Highlanders approached, and they fled precipitately to Nottingham, leaving the inhabitants to take care of themselves. The Prince's march had so far been a conspicuous success, but now dissensions and jealousies arose amongst his followers. A council of war was held, and a retreat was decided on. Next day the Highland army quitted the town, and the inhabitants, who had suffered little injury either in purse or goods, returned to their usual equanimity.

After the close of the Napoleonic war trade was bad, money scarce, and

numbers of the people were clamouring for bread. In 1817 a few Derbyshire

stockingers and handloom weavers hatched a plot at Pentrich to overthrow the

Government, whom they foolishly believed to be responsible for the general

stagnation. Their leader was one Jeremiah Brandreth, who incited them to deeds

of violence with such doggerel as this -

No bloody soldiers must we dread, We must turn out and fight for bread. The time is come, you plain must see, The Government opposed must be.

As they passed from village to village their numbers increased to nearly three hundred, and with this mere handful they determined to attack first Nottingham and then Derby. Their march came to a speedy and inglorious termination at Eastwood, where they were dispersed by a troop of hussars. Upwards of 30 were captured and committed to take their trial for high treason. The three ringleaders - Brandreth, Ludlam, and Turner - were found guilty, and sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered.

In later years the state of the county has been one of steady progress, the construction of railways has opened out its mineral resources and extended the trade of local industries.

NOTES ON THE ARCRaSOLOGY OF DERBYSHIRE.

By John Ward, F.S.A.

From an archsBological point of view, Derbyshire has long been recognised as one of the most important counties in England. Since the numerous contributions

HISTORY OF DERBYSHIBE. 9

of Major Hayman Booke and Kev. Dr. Pegge to the pages of *' Archaeologia" last century, there has been an ahnost constant stream of investigators of its antiquities, and some of the works they have written rank high in the archaeological literature of the country. It must not, however, be concluded from this that any one class of its antiquities is of exceptional value ; on the contrary, its interest lies in their great diversity, every class into which English archas- ology is usually divided being represented, some, as might be expected, more fully than others. The archaeological literature is copious. The volumes of " Archaeologia " for the last two decades of the last century contain, as above stated, numerous papers by Dr. Pegge ana Major Booke. Glover's ** History of Derbyshire" recounts most of the discoveries made during the first thirty years of the present century. Bateman's ** Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire " and '* Ten Years' Diggings," are records of extensive investigations among the British, Bom an, and Saxon grave-mounds of the county and the adjacent part of Staffordshire, by the late Thomas and William Bateman. The ** Beliquary," from the circumstance that it is published at Derby and up till 1890 was edited by Derbyshire anti- quaries, is replete with information respecting the district ; and this, of course, applies with stronger force to the Journals of the Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. The ecclesiology is exhaustively treated by Be v. J. C. Cox, LL.D., in ** Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire," a work unsurpassed of its kind. The ** Quarterly Journal " of the Geological Society, Pennington's ** Barrows and Bone Caves of Derbyshire," and Bigsby's " History of Bepton," also contain important original contributions on this aspect of the county.

Archaeological time in the west of Europe falls readily into two salient and well-defined aeons, corresponding with the Pleistocene and Post-pleistocene or Becent eras of the geologist, the latter era extending to our own time. These eras were dissimilar from one another in several respects. The Pleistocene cHmate oscillated between extremes of arctic coldness and sub-tropical heat, and these were accompanied with corresponding changes in the fauna and fiora. The deposits of this era consequently exhibit forms now confined to more northern or to more southern latitudes. A still more marked difference from the present was the presence of mammals which are now extinct. These oscillations of climate were also responsible for great changes in the configuration of the surface, chiefly through glacial action. The Becent period, on the other hand, represents a course of time during which the present conditions as to climate, surface contour, and life have undergone but little change. Although appropriately recent time to the geologist, it nevertheles is of such immense duration as to include all pre-historio time covered by the neolithic, bronze, and early iron ages, and all subsequent historic time.

The Pleistocene Era.

The Pleistocene deposits of Derbyshire are insignificant compared vith those of most other counties. Here and there in the Peak small patches of glacial drift may be met with, occupying hollows and sheltered slopes, which so tar coalesce in the less hilly districts of the southern half of the county as to form a discon- tinuous superficial veneer ; but they have not yielded any remains of man or his handiwork. The river gravels and ** terraces " are equally insignificant and devoid of these remains. The third and only class of deposits which have yielded remains of Pleistocene man and animals are those which occur as '* fox-earths," breccias, and stalagmites in caverns and fissures. But, considering how very numerous these natural cavities are in the Peak, it must be admitted that the recorded instances of such discoveries are very few indeed, probably because only a few have had their floors scientifically examined. Three small caves - the Pin, Church, and Bobin Hood Holes - at Creswell, on the north-east border of the county, however, have yielded archaeological results unsurpassed by any other English cave, except the famous Kent's Cavern at Torquay. The discovery that these '* caves " contained relics of the past was made by the Bev. Magens Mello, F.G.8., about twenty years ago, and this led to their systematic excavation by this

HISTOBT OF DERBYSHIRE. 11

been no sudden transition. Human culture has made a more or less even progression. Consequently the periods - Neolithic, Bronze, and Early Iron - into which the pre-historic portion of Post- Pleistocene time is usually divided by archaeologists, must not in any sense be regarded as sharply defined, nor even, in any given locality, as necessarily consecutive periods. They represent stages in an evolution ; hence have been separated by transitional periods. It ia equally certain that some tribes were more advanced than their neighbours, and that the latter, while substantially of lower culture, may have obtained imple- ments proper to a higher culture, by barter. This indicates how unwise it is to make the character of implements the sole criterion for the determination of their relative ages. Still it is possible, and with a considerable degree of certainty, to determine the general sequence in time of some of the more important groups of Derbyshire antiquities.

Chambered Barrows. - At Minginglow (two) and Harborough Rocks, near Brassington, Bole Hill, near Bakewell, Ringham Low, near Moneyash, and Five Wells, near Taddington, are the remains of barrows containing megalithic chambers, such as are with general consent attributed to the neolithic stage of culture. All of these, with the exception of that of Harborough Rocks (which was opened by the writer - D. A. & N. H. Soc.'s Journal, 1889), were examined by the Batemans (** Vestige, &c." and **Ten Years' Diggings"), but were found to have been previously rifled or much disturbed. In every instance in which the original interments remained the skulls were dohchocephalic, and the flint implements, dehcate leaf-shaped arrow-heads. The chambers were constructed of slabs of stone, and were occasionally paved and accompanied with remains of galleries. Contrary to the general rule, the mounds appear to have been more or less circular instead of elongated ; and in one instance, at least, that of the famous Mininglow barrow, the base was protected with a podium of dry walling.

But the larger number by far of the Derbyshire archaic burial-places belong to succeeding times. Taking into consideration only those which have yielded results of archaeological interest, and including a considerable number opened by the late Mr. Thomas Bateman and his Staffordshire colleague, Mr. Carrington, in the parts of that county adjacent to Derbyshire, no less than about 380 of this class have had their contents published. Of these, some 330, mostly opened by the above-mentioned gentlemen, found a place in the pages of ** Vestiges, &c.'* and ** Ten Years* Diggings." The number of separate interments, whether of one individual or of several buried together at one time, which have been described, cannot be less than 700. Although presenting the greatest diversity they can be grouped into several more or less distinct classes, which in some measure repre- sent successive portions of time, extending from the neolithic chambers to the dawn of Saxon Christianity. They may be conveniently divided into British^ Romano-British, and Saxon.

British Interments. - About 280 of the 380 barrows may be classed aa British, Celtic, or pre-Roman. Some few of these approach the neoHthic chambers, in the large size of their cists, and perhaps should be regarded as transitional, while others seem to synchronize with the Roman occupation. Their builders practised both inhumation and cremation, sometimes together. Whether inhumated or cremated, the interment was either simply buried in the earth, or deposited in a vault roofed with slabs of stone, or in an enclosure formed by slabs of stone set on end, or in a further development of this, the box-like cist, formed by adding a roof of slabs to this enclosure. This receptacle, although similar to the neolithic chamber in construction, differed in having no entrance or gallery, and in not- being used for successive interments. The cover-mounds of these different forms of sepulture in Derbyshire also varied. The simplest and most frequent was the bowl-shaped cairn, a heap of stones thrown together ; sometimes, however, the stones were laid together with considerable order ; sometimes they were inter- mixed with earth ; or the mound consisted of earth or fine materials only. When not bowl-shaped it was flat and table-like, or rendered irregular through the additions of secondary interments. The base of the mound was frequently defined

HISTOBT OF DERBYSHIRE. 13

\vith a man's, probably points to Sutteeism. More frequently - about 55 cases - burnt human bones accompanied an inhumated skeleton. In these, the skeleton seems to represent the interment proper, the burnt bones being an accessory, probably the relics of a human sacrifice. The almost invariable presence of charcoal has long been considered to point to the use of fire as a religious ceremony to prepare the grave for its occupant. It can hardly be, that this was unaccompanied with sacrifice, indeed the usual presence of animals' bones tends to confirm this; and if so, there is nothing unlikely in human beings being occasionally the victims.

The British barrows are by no means evenly distributed over the area under consideration, a circumstance mainly due to the unequal progress of agriculture. They are most numerous on the moors and hills between Bakuwell. Wiuster, and Hartington ; around Eyam, Brassington, and Earl Sterndale ; and on the Staffordshire side of Door Dale. It is an interesting point in the distribution that in several localities certain kinds of interments prevail. For instance, on Stanton Moor and its vicinity, cremated interments, urned or otherwise, predominate ; while between Eyam, Castleton, and Sheffield the interments have almost invariably belonged to the urned cremated group.

Bomano-British Barrows. - About 50 barrows, interspersed among the foregoing, had a strong family likeness, and various circumstances pointed to their Boman age. The peculiar construction of their mounds was their mo^t noticeable feature : - The materials were invariably fine, as clays of various colours, sand, gravel, and, in one instance, even moss, rarely singly, but usually disposed in layers. The interments were invariably of cremated remains, not enclosed in cists or urns, or protected in any way. In every case the barrow appeared to have occupied the site of the funeral pyre ; and more frequently than not, the human remains lay just as the fire left them ; when otherwise, they were collected into a heap. As a rule, each barrow covered only one interment. The manufactured objects were singularly few and of little value. Those of flint were the most frequent, but were rarely sufficiently worked to be regarded as implements. In quite 32 per cent, of the interments, potsherds were found. These had been introduced as potsherds, not as perfect vessels ; moreover, the vessels they belonged to were not of the British sepulchral type, but were obviously made for common domestic purposes. Many of these were described as hard and as made on the wheel, and occasionally potsherds of more distinct Boman type were found ; these leave little room for doubt that these barrows were Bomano-British.

Ancient Non-Boman Camps. - While it is certain that these camps are not of Boman origin, it is not easy to determine who their constructors were. Some may have been thrown up by the natives during the English invasion, and possibly some by the English themselves to resist the Danes ; but it seems much more likely that, as a class, they are pre-Boman and of great antiquity. The great magnitude of many of them, and the skill exhibited in their construction, indicate that they were not erected as temporary barriers against foreign invasion, but as permanent refuges in a permanent state of insecurity, such as the frequent tribal wars of pre-Boman Britain would give rise to. In neither the number nor magnitude of these camps can Derbyshire vie with some of the western counties ; but two - that which conspicuously crests Mam Tor, Castleton, and the Carl's Wark, near Hathersage - of its eight or ten examples are very fine and noteworthy. The former is about 16 acres in extent, and is surrounded with a double trench, three-quarters of a mile in circuit. The Carl's Wark may be described as a natural fortress improved by art. It is a raised flat platform of land on the summit of a gentle hill. All its sides, with the exception of that on its west, are rocky and steep, forming a natural rampart, and any gaps which might render it vulnerable have been filled up with rude masonry. Across the western slope a ditch has been cut, and on its inner side is an earthern rampart faced with a wall 8ft. or 9ft. high, composed of huge stones in their natural shapes. Other entrenchments occur at Fin Cop, Combs Moss, and Craikstone, Alport and

HISTOBY OF DEBBTSHIBE. 15

to come under the notice of antiquaries. The most prominent feature of Roman Derbyshire was the extensive lead-mining carried on in the Peak, evidenced by the occasional discovery in this and neighbouring counties of pigs of lead, inscribed or otherwise. The earliest recorded discovery of an inscribed pig in this county was on Cromford Nether Moor in 1777 (** Archaeologia," vol. v.) ; this was followed by another on Matlock Moor in 1783 (ib., vol. viii.) ; a third, near the last, in 1787 (ib., vol. xiii.); amd a fourth, also near the last, in 1894. (-* Antiquary," vol. xxix.).

The sites of several stations are known, and their names identified. One was at Little Chester by Derby, which, by a consensus of opinion, is identified with Derbentio of Bavennas. Buxton was certainly Aquae. Two others, Melandra Castle, hear Glossop, and Brough, in Hope Dale, have been identified as Zerdotalia and Navio by the late Mr. W. Thompson Watkin (Derbyshire ArchaBological and Natural History Society's Journal, vol. vii.). Very few traces of the castrum of Derbentio remain ; but in 1721 its outline was sufficiently discernible for Dr. Stukely to determine that it was rectangular, 500 feet by 600 feet. No indications of a castrum can be traced in a modern plan of Buxton ; but remains of baths and other buildings have been discovered there in the 17th and 18th centuries (Whittaker, ** History of Manchester," and " ArchsBologia," vol. ix.) on such a scale that it cannot be doubted that it was a place of fashion- able resort, and that its thermal waters were held in high esteem. Unlike these two stations, those of Melandra and Brough are in fair preservation, the former being 366 by 336 feet, and the latter 310 by 270 feet. At both places numerous remains have been dug up from time to time (** Archaeologia," vol. iii., Bray's ** Tour in Derbyshire," Gough's *' Cambden's Britannia," 1806, Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society's Journal, vol. vii.). Besides these there are two small camps of apparent Roman construction at Parwich and Pentrich, but they are too small to be regarded as stations. Some years a^o Mr. Bedfem, of Uttoxeter, traced what he believed to be a Boman station at Bailidon in the vicinity of the former. The site of a very important station, Latudse, mentioned by Eavennas, and inscribed on all the above pigs of lead, hfife} not yet been identified. It has been supposed to be Chesterfield, but the late Mr. Watkin *s theory that it lay in the vicinity of Wirks worth has much more in its favour.

The chief Boman road is the Eyknield Street, which connected York with the Severn and, generally, the south-west of England. It entered the county near Beighton, and, after a course due south (leaving Chesterfield about a mile to the west), it took a south-western direction at Breadsall, and, threading Little Chester, emerged at Monk's Bridge, near Eggington. Another road connected Leicester (Batae) and the Foss Way with Chesterton (Mediolanum), in Stafford- shire, and eventually Chester. It entered the county in the vicinity of the Trent, and, after passing through Little Chester, took an easterly course, passing into Staffordshire at Rocester. Another and more direct route from Leicester to Chester passed through the extreme south of the county, and, crossing the Trent in the vicinity of Burton, may be traced to Uttoxeter. The present highway from Derby to Tutbury probably marks the site of a minor Roman way. It seems to have crossed the Dove at the latter town, for an ancient way (probably its continuation) can be traced to Uttoxeter on the south side of the Dove. A road connecting Lincoln with Chester passed through the north of the county. Its course east of Jirough cannot be traced with certainty, but south-west of that point its straight track, known as Batham Gate, can readily be traced across the moors to Buxton, thence to Middlewich and Chester. From Brough a winding north-westerly road - the Doctor's Gate - went to Melandra Castle and Manchester (Mancurio). From Buxton radiated four or five roads of which, at least, two had a Derbyshire course - the one above, to Brough, and another south-east towards Wirksworth. A road inclining towards this can be traced from Little Chester, and is lost between Wirksworth and Ambergate. It is highly probable, especially if Lutudae was in the vicinity, that these roads fell into an east and west road.

HISTORY OF DEBBTBHIBE. 17

When cremation was practised, the human remains were usually placed in an urn, but not always ; in Derbyshire, for instance, the late Mr. Bateman found that each mound he excavated of a ** tumular cemetery " near Foremark Hall, covered ** calcined human bones, which lay in the same place on the natural surface as they occupied when the funeral pile was smothered out by the casting up of the tumulus." The site was covered by about fifty barrows. The manufactured objects found were very few and indeterminate, but sufficiently so to indicate that the cemetery belonged to this era. The Saxon cinerary urns, like the British, were hand-made and imperfectly fired, but their shape (more or less globular with contracted mouth) and style of decoration were very oifiFerent. The site of a cemetery containing a large number of these urns in a fragmentary condition was discovered at King's Newton in 1867, and is described in the ** Refiquary " of the time.

Pre-Nobman OB liATB Saxon REMAINS. - These consist chiefly of crosses and architectural remains. According to the Rev. Dr. Cox, the earliest cross of this period is an imperfect one in Taddington churchyard, which exhibits much Celtic feeling in its ornamentation. The two finest specimens are at Eyam and Bakewell. Fragments of others occur at the latter place, and at Hope, Black- well, Spondon, Darley Dale, Aston-in-Trent, and St. Alkmund's, Derby. At Wilne is a remarkable font, which has been made out of a portion of a carved cylindrical pillar of pre-Norman age. The Rev. G. F. Browne, B.D., in a paper opoD this font in the Derbyshire ArchsBological and Natural History Society's ** Journal," vol. vii, suggests that this pillar was the permanent "altar" on which the itinerant Saxon priest placed the portable holy table during celebration. Ill Wirksworth Church is an elaborate coped tombstone of this period, carved with various scenes from the life of Christ ; and in the Weston Park Museum, at Shefi&eld, is another with less detail, removed many years ago from Bakewell. The finest specimen of pre-Norman architecture in the county is the shell of the chancel at Repton, with the crypt below (Derbyshire Archseological and Natural History Society's "Journal," vol. v.). To the same period may be attributed the chancel arches of Sawley and Marston Montgomery, Long Eaton, and Stanton- by-Bridge, and windows at Caldwell.

Medlbval EcclesioiiOGICAL Antiquities. - As the Rev. Charles J. Cox, LL.D., is the supreme authority on this branch of Derbyshire archaeology, and has given a summary of the "more remarkable features" of the old churches, the liberty will be taken of quoting from him. "This county," he states, "cannot for a moment pretend to vie with Somerset in its towers, with Northamptonshire in its spires, with Norfolk or Suffolk in the size and beauty of so many of their churches, or with Kent in the number of its brasses ; but this can, I believe, be fairly claimed for Derbyshire, that no other part of the country of the same size has anything like the same extensive variety of styles and excellent specimens of every period, both in the ecclesiastical fabrics themselves and in the monumental remains and other details they shelter."

The largest churches in the county are those of Ashbourne, Chesterfield, Wirksworth, Tideswell, Bakewell, and Melbourne - all fine examples of mediaeval cruciform churches, ranging from 120ft. to nearly 200ft. in length, and each, with the exception ot Tideswell, surmounted with a tower or tower and spire at the intersection of the transepts The spire of Chesterfield is not only the loftiest (228ft.) in the county, but is one of the most remarkable in the kingdom. It is of wood, covered with lead, which through faulty construction has become so warped by the sun's heat as to assume a curious crooked twist. The graceful proportions of the decorated spire of Ashbourne (2l2ft.) have brought it the epithet, " The Pride of the Peak." The slender Perpendicular spire of Repton (210ft.) is also of great beauty.

The ruined church of Steetley is the most beautiful Norman structure in the county. Those of Melbourne and Whit well are more extensive and imposing examples, but both exhibit much work of later periods. As a rule, where Norman occurs in this county, it is in the nave-arcades, chancel-arches, and

B

HISTORY OP DERBYSHIRE. 19

Bakewell, Fenny Bentley, Kirk Langley, and Boulton (Derbyshire Archaao- logical and Natural History Society's Journal, 1892). ** Low-side" windows occur at Spondon, Church Broughton, Croxall, Eavenston, Breaston, Aston-on- Trent, Weston-on-Trent, Clown, Dronfield, Barrow, and elsewhere. Traces of mediaeval mural painted decorations or frescoes have been found in many of the churches, but, as a rule, they cannot be described as more than mere traces. At Haddon are remains of various diaper patterns and groups of figures, among which the Holy Family is conspicuous. Others, less extensive, occur at Hault Hucknall, Melbourne, Barrow, and Sudbury. The font at Ashover is a notable lead one of the 12th century ; and that at Youlgreave is unique in England, in having a holy-water stoup attached. There is a good 13th-century holy water stoup at Chelmorton, and movable ones at Haddon, Boulton, and Barlborough *'The old stained glass at either Morley or Norbury is well worth a pilgrimage, and there is also much interest about the remains of glass at Eggington. The 14th century pulpit at Mellor, carved out of the solid oak, is a unique relic. The stone gospel lecterns against the chancel walls of Chaddesden, Crich, Etwall, Taddington, Mickleover, and Spondon are of very exceptional occurrence. The sedilia of Dronfield, Ilkeston, Money ash, Sandiacre, and Whit well are all remarkably good exauiples. The stone chancel screens of Ilkeston and Chelmorton, and the stone parclose in Darley Church, are most uncommon and noteworthy " (Cox). Of the pre-Reformation bells, those of Marston-on-Dove, Morley, Hathersage (sanctus bell), and Marston- Montgomery are the most notable. The county does not contain a perfect mediaeval churchyard cross. Except a 13th-century shaft at Dovebridge, they are of uncertain age, and rarely consist of more than the steps and the socket-stone. At Wheston in the Peak is an exquisite 14th-century way-side cross, almost perfect, restored some time ago by the Duke of Norfolk.

" No county can compare with Derbyshire in the abundance of early incised slabs, from the 10th century downwards. They are found built into the walls of many of the churches, especially in North and East Derbyshire. The best collections are at Bakewell, Darley, and Chelmorton. Effigies incised on slabs of the local alabaster found at Chellaston are common in the South Derbyshire churches, for the most part of the 15th and 16th centuries. There are remarkable semi-effigial monuments at Brampton, Kedleston, Hartington, and Mack worth. Early stone effigies are found at Darley Eggington, Ilkeston, Melbourne, Norbury, Newton Solney, Sawley, Sudbury, Wingerworth, North Wingfield, Youlgreave, 4&C. There are some fine alabaster effigies at Ashbourne, Aston-on-Trent, Cubley, Duffield, Kedleston, Longford, Newton Solney, Norbury, and Eadbourne. Owing to the prevalence of stone, brasses are not common ; but there is an excellent series at Morley, and some good ones at Ashover, Dronfield, Etwall, Hathersage, Mugginton, Norbury, Sawley, Staveley, Tideswell, Walton-on-Trent, and Wilne " (Cox).

The monastic remains of Derbyshire are few and not extensive. The

Sitched-up nave and 14th-century tower of the Premonstratensian Abbey of eauchief now form the parish church of that place. The abbey of the same order at Dale is richer in picturesque traditions than in visible vestiges. The most conspicuous of its remains is the 13th-century east window arch ; the lower courses, however, of much of the church are visible, having been excavated by the Derbyshire ArchsBological Natural History Society (" Journal," vols. i. and ii. ; Ward's " Dale and its Abbey.") The little building now used as a parish church has an interesting history, and probably formed part of the infirmary of this abbey in monastic times. It exhibits Norman, Early English, and Perpendicular work. The range of Perpendicular windows, with their coeval stained glass, in the north aisle at Morley, formed one side of the cloister ; and there is much carved oak at Radbourne from this abbey. A few windows, incorporated into cottages, mark the site of the chief monastic house of Derbyshire, the Augustinian Abbey of Darley. The remains of the priory of the same order at BeptOD vie with those of Dale in extent and interest. The western range of

PHY8I0GBAPHY AND POLITY OP DERBYSHIBE.

21

of more ancient mansions, as at Westoa-on-Trent Hall, Bentley Hall, Stydd Hall, Boyah Grange, near Dale Abbey, Bearwardcoates, Etwall Hall, &c. At Harwick and Haddon Halls, and Burton Closes, near Bakewell, are choice arrays of old tapestry, that of the first-mentioned being probably the first in the country (Derbyshire ArchaBological and Natural History Society's Journal, vol. xv.). Haddon Hall is rich in by-gone domestic appliances and other accessories.

DERBYSHIRE. - ITS PHYSIOGRAPHY AND POLITY.

Derbyshire, one of the most important of the Midland Counties, is situated about the centre of England, and has for its boundaries the West Biding of York- shire on the north, Leicestershire on the south, Nottinghamshire on the east, and Cheshire and Staffordshire on the west. The boundary line is generally arbitrary, excepting along the western side, where the rivers Trent, Dove, and Goyt form the natural line of demarcation. Measured between its extreme points - Wood- head Station, on the borders of Cheshire, and No Man's Heath, where the counties of Derby, Stafford, Warwick, and Leicester meet - its length is 60 -miles, and its greatest breadth is 36 miles. The circuit of the county is about 170 miles, embracing within it an area of 1,025^ square miles or 656,243 acres, and a population of 527,886, or 514 to the square mile. The following table exhibits the population at each decennial enumeration since the commencement of the present century : -

Population..

1801.

1811.

1821.

1831. 284,324

1841.

1861.

169,672

180,864

228,480

273,804

313,641

1861. 1871.

339,327 379,394

461,141

1891.

627,886

No county of England, Cumberland and Westmoreland excepted, has a more uneven and diversified surface than Derbyshire, and these bolder features of nature are most conspicuously marked in the northern half of the county. Here terminates the Pennine Chain, otherwise known as the '* Backbone of England," which stretches from the Cheviot Hills southward through the northern counties. The chain enters Derbyshire with a diminishing elevation, and sinks into the southern plain a little south of Matlock. From the axial line numerous spurs branch off, with narrow valleys between, which impart to the district a wild and rugged aspect. In some of these mountain glens the scenery is exquisitely beautiiul, and scarcely surpassed by some of the much-praised views on the Continent. These beauty spots of nature will be fully noticed under the parishes in which they are situated.

The most elevated peaks of the Pen nines occur in the northern part of the range - in Cumberland and Westmoreland - where some of the summits exceed 3,000 feet. In Derbyshire the chain culminates in two huge mountain masses known as the High Peak and The Peak. Kinder Scout, the highest of the latter, attains an altitude of 2,088 feet, and Bleaklow Head, in the former, reaches to a height of 1,880 feet. The other lofty summits in this Alpine district are Axe Edge, near Buxton, 1,810 feet; Mam Tor, Castleton, 1,709 feet; Lose Hill and Win Hill, on the opposite banks of the river Noe, exceed 1,500 feet ; Combs Moss, near Buxton, 1,670 feet; Chelmorton Low, 1,474 feet; Wardlow Hay Cop, near Monsall Dale, 1,227 feet; White Edge, near Darley, 1,08 L feet; and the High Tor, Matlock, 860 feet.

BiYBBS. - Derbyshire is well watered by numerous streams and rivulets which originate amongst the hills of Peakland, and, after short courses through narrow vaUeys and mountain glens, contribute their waters to swell some other river. The largest river is the Trent, but Derbyshire can claim only a small portion of its coarse. For a short distance it separates this county from Staffordshire on the south-west, ani then flows eastward across the county to Castle Donnington

93 PHTSIOGBAPHY AND POLITY OF DERBYSHIRE.

P^rk, and thence for nine miles it forms the bomidary between Derbyshire and Leicestershire, and Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, finally emptying itself into the Hnmber. Into this river flow ten-thirteenths of all the waters of Derbyshire. The older etymologists derived its name from the French trenU (thirty), from a supposition that it had thirty tributary streams ; and thus Milton, in one of his early poems, speaks of the

"' Trent, who like some earth-bom giant, spreads ffi* thirty arms along the indented meads.'*

It has been, however, questioned whether the poet wrote thirty or thirsty, and

the latter wcHrd is printed in some editions.

The Derwent, though only a tributary of the Trent, is the principal river of the county. It takes its rise on the north-eastern border, having its main source at a place called Trough, in the gritstone ridge that separates Yorkshire from Derbyshire ; and its course, about 46 miles, Ues wholly within the county. Taking a southerly direction it flows through one of the wildest districts of the Peak, receiving the waters of the Westend from Bleaklow Stones, and after passing the secluded hamlet, to which it gives the name of Derwent, it unites with the A^op, which drains all the hill countrv around Kinder Scout. Half a mile further on, it receives the Ladybower brook from a narrow wooded ^en on the opposite side, and flows thence through Bamford Vale, just skirting the eastern base of Win HilL At Mytham Bridge it is joined by the Noe, which drains its waters from the southern slopes of Kinder Scout ; thence its course is through a narrow valley between loftv hills which are cleft into narrow cruUevs bv the streams that pour down their wooded sides. Passing the village of Baslow, it flows through Chatsworth Park to Rowsley, where it receives the Wye which drains the country westward as far as Buxton. The Derwent continues its southward course through the rich pastoral vale of Darley to Matlock, where it is margined by towering rocks and lofty hills clothed with shrubs and trees. After leaving this romantic vale it passes Cromford, and at Ambergate receives the river Amber formed of two branches, one having its source near Ashover and the other near Sutton-in- Ashfield in Nottinghamshire. It then flows on past the manufacturing villages of Belper and Milford, and its waters lose much of the clearness which gave to the river its Celtic name i>ifT Gurin, the bright clear water. It flows onwaid through Derby, and about ten nules beyond, near the village of Wilne, its waters unite with the Trent on the borders of Leicestershire. From its source to its con- fluence with the Trent the scenery along its banks is varied and beautiful, and merits aU the praise that has been bestowed upon it by various writers. Mr. Bhodes, in his "Peak Scenerv,** has minutelv and elegantlv described the ever changing beauty of the scene along its course : and Mr. Croston. in his interesting and pleasantly written book. '* On Foot through the Peak/* thus sums up its merits : - '* Though not possessing the queenly dignity of the Trent, nor diose wild features that characterise and give interest to the Dove, the Derwent may, nevertheless, challenge comparison with any river in the kingd<mi for the rich and varied character of the scenery along its course. Generally its banks are well wooded - the oak, the elm, and the wide-spreading sycamore mingling their rich verdure with the more Hght and graceful foliage of the ash and the birch ; whilst here and there, from amid the luxuriant masses of underwood that adorn its sloping sides, the delicate stems of the osier, and the slender branches of the wild honeysuckle, hang down to the water's edge, breaking its glassy surface into innumerable ripples. The beauty of the stream is increased by the ever-changing character of the currents : sometimes it bounds hurriedly on, leaping from crag to crag in fairy-like cascades, throwing up the sparkling foam buMdes as it breaks over the fragments of rock which have been toppled aown from the overhanging clifls ; anon the troubled waves subside, and me current glides smoothly and leisurely along its surface, scarcely broken by a ripple. But thon^ oflen g!entle» it is never languid, never sluggish. In some nlaces it meanders pleyanti^ onwards over its peM>ly bed, its gentle mnimnis blending hannoiiioasty irith thie rustling of the orershadowing trees."

PHYSIOGRAPHY AND POLITY OF DEBBYSHIBE. 23

The Dove^ the Queen of Derbyshire rivers, has its source in the southern slopes of Axe-Edge, a gritstone ridge of considerable elevation, extending south- ward from Buxton, and forms throughout its whole course the boundary between Staffordshire and Derbyshire. The scenery around its source is wild and dreary ; bleak, heath-covered hills, where but few trees can obtain a roothold, tower one above another, culminating in Axe-Edge, 1,800 feet above the sea level, whence is obtained a magnificent panoramic view of the surrounding country, extending as far, it is said, as Lincoln Cathedral and Snowdon. The valley - the far-famed Dovedale - through which the river flows, is generally narrow - a glen rather than a valley - ^aud hemmed in by bold, lofty hills and precipitous rocks. In places the current is rapid and boisterous, the water foaming and bubbling amongst the fragments of rock that have fallen from the beetling cliffs above. A few houses near the source bear the name of Dove-head^ and three miles further south the river passes Chrome Hill and Tor Bock, an oddly-shaped stony mass, with a natural arch of limestone near its summit. At Earl Sterndale the va'ley is more contracted by the near approach of the elevated ridge on either side. After passing the bridge on the road leading to Hartington the river enters Beresford Dale, Near by, on the Staffordshire side, formerly stood Beresford Hall, the early home of the Beresfords. From this family it passed to the Stanhopes of Elvaston, whose daughter and heiress eloped with the thriftless Cotton, and here is a cavern in the rock in which he often sought safety from grasping creditors. A little further down is Pike Pool, with its tower-like mass of rock, and close by is the ** little fishing house," erected by Cotton, the poet angler, as a memento of his association with old Izaak Walton. On a stone over the door is carved "PISCATORIBUS SACRUM, 1674." Here the two spent much of their time, as recorded in ** The Complete Angler," and from that date to the present the spot has ever been sacred to anglers. In many places in his poems Cotton sings the praises of this river. Thus he says -

** O my beloved nymph, fair Dove, Princess of rivers, how I love Upon thy flowery banks to lie. And view thy silver stream."

And again he writes -

" The rapid Garonne and the winding Seine

Are both too mean,

Beloved Dove, with thee

To vie priority ; Nay, Tarn and Isis, when conjoined, submit, And lay their trophies at thy silver feet."

The scenery is extremely beautiful ; lofty, craggy cliffs approach the edge of the river, and huge detached masses of rock appear here and there to rise out of the stream, each bearing a name descriptive of its form or appearance. A little further on, the river passes between two rocky eminences, Bunster and Thorpe Cloud, upwards of 1,000 feet in height, which form the entrance to the narrow, gloomy ravine. The valley now expands, the scenery assumes a more pastoral character, and after a course of forty-two miles the Dove empties itself into the Trent at Newton Solney.

The Erewash rises on the borders of Sherwood Forest, in Nottinghamshire, and during the greater part of its course it forms the bou^idary between that county and Derbyshire. It passes the colliery village of Pinxton, and falls into the Trent about a mile and a half from Long Eaton. The Mease is .another tributary of the Trent, which it enters a little below Croxall, after a short course from near Ashby-de-la-Zouch. The upper course of the Bother lies within the county, extending from its source, near Chesterfield, to Beighton, where it enters Yorkshire. The Goyt and the Etherow border the county on the west and north- west, and, uniting their streams, become a tributary of the Mersey.

GsoLOOT AND MiNERAii PRODUCTIONS. - Gcologically, Derbyshire is one of the most interesting counties in England ; for we have here, within its limited area, " the whole structure of the northern half of England epitomised." We

PHYSIOGRAPHY AND POLITY OF DERBYSHIBE. 25

Bitumen is found in the carboniferous limestone, and it is to the presence of this substance that black marbles owe much of their dark colour. Another and very remarkable substance occasionally met with is Elastic Bitumen, or Mineral Caoutchouc, found in the Windy Knoll quarry, near Castleton. This variety is extremely rare, and there are only three or four places in the world where it has been met with.

Water containing carbonic acid in solution has a solvent power over limestone rocks, and to this erosive action is to be attributed the caverns and subterranean water courses which form one of the wonderful sights of the Peak. These caverns are numerous, but the most extensive and interesting are those at Castleton, Matlock, and Buxton. The water, charged with carbonate of lime, and percolating through the roofs and sides, has, in the course of ages, coated them with innumerable sparkling stalactites, or carpeted the floor with a solid mass of the glittering crystal. Some of these caverns are traversed by under- ground streams of water, which sometimes journey on for miles before they issue into the light of day. Sometimes streams suddenly disappear down stvallow- holes or fissures, and are hidden from view until they emerge again, far away from the place they entered. The beautiful rocky dales which form such an important feature in Derbyshire scenery are supposed to have been caverns, whose roofs have fallen in, or water courses, deepened by the erosive action of the water continued through unnumbered centuries.

The Yoredale group of rocks, subsequent in their formation to the carboniferous limestone, occupies a considerable tract lying to the north of Castleton ; another band stretches from Ashbourne and Tissington eastward nearly as far as the river Derwent. This group consists of shales, with thin beds of sandstones, and black shales, with thin beds of black limestone. The hills do not attain so great an altitude, nor is their contour so boldly marked, as in the limestone group. The shale strata, on exposure to the air, disintegrate, and roll down the hillside. One of these landslips may be seen on the flank of Mam Tor, or ShiveriTig Mountain, as it is significantly called.

Millstone Grit forms an important feature in the strata of Derbyshire. It consists of alternating beds of sandstones, or gritstones, and shales, with occa- sionally a chin band of coal. These gritstones vary in character from fine grained sandstone to a very coarse conglomerate. This formation extends from Yorkshire southward through the centre of the county as far as Duj0&eld, separating the carboniferous limestone from the coal measures. It forms the mass of Kinder Scout, and it is again met with stretching round the north- western comer of the county, from Burbage to Barrow Stones. This gritstone has been formed from the disintegrated particles of granitic and other crystalline rocks brought down by rivers, and deposited at the bottom of a somewhat shallow sea, and afterwards upheaved by some mighty force within tlie earth. These beds of grit vary from 80 to 150 feet in thickness, and are separated from each other by beds of shale. It is not productive of minerals, but is extensively quarried for building stone and mill stones. Water, which is only sparingly louud in the limestone formation, is generally met with in abundance and of excellent quality in the gritstone.

-

The Coal Measures stretch along the eastern side of the county, overlying the Millstone Grit and forming part of the Midland coal-field. They consist of alternating strata or beds of sandstones or flagstones, shales, clays, ironstones, and coal. The seams or beds of 'the latter vary in thickness from a few inches to seven or eight feet, and differ much in quality. A coal which is suitable for steam purposes in one part of the area will oe more fitted for household purposes in another; and that which is the mainstay of a colliery in one locality may be barely traceable in another. The following table illustrates the position, thickness, and order of occurrence of the various strata in a section of the coal-field extending from Wingfield to the escarpment of the magnesia limestone, a distance of nearly seven miles : -

26 PHTSIOGBAPHY AND POLITY OF DEBBYSHIBE.

I^. IN. FT. IN.

Saodstones and Shales 850 0

Coal 2 10

Strata . 107 0

Coal 2 1

Strata 220 0

Bamsley Top Hard Coal 5 10 to 7 0

Strata, Brown Rake and Black Bake Ironstones 470 0

Soft Coal (generally two seams with partings) 6 0

Strata 120 0

Lower Hard Coal 8 0 to 4 0

Strata 200 0

Furnace Coal .^ 2 6 to 4 0

Strata with Modular Ironstone 140 0

Silkstom Clod or Black Shale Coal 6 0 to 7 0

Strata 885 0

KilbumeCoal 4 0 to 5 0

Strata with Uoneycrop Ironstone 200 0

Wingfleld Flagstones 350 0

Black Shales 800 0

Flagstones and Shales 200 0

Coal with a floor of Ganister 1 0

Flagstones and Shales 125 0

Oanister Coal (with a floor of Ganister) 2 0

Flagstones and Shales 600 0

Millstone Grit

From the above it will be seen that in a total thickness of 3,808 feet down to the limestone grit there are about 40 feet of workable coal. The terms hard and soft coal indicate their respective qualities, the former being adapted for steam purposes and the latter for the household. The clod or black shale is a valuable soam equivalent to the Silkstone of Yorkshire ; but the finest Derbyshire coal is the Kilburne, which, for household use, will compare favourably with the best sea coals of the Newcastle district. A small quantity of cannel coal is obtained from the mines at Swanwick, Clay Cross, Renishaw, West Hallam, and a few other places. The area of the Derbyshire coalfield is computed at 230 square miles. Assuming there is an average workable thickness of 40 feet, the total amount of coal within the area would be (computed on the basis that 29 cubic feet weigh one ton) 8,832,000,000 tons. The average yearly output is about 9,000,000 tons.

Associated with the coal measures are bands of ironstone called " Bakes." Many of these are very thin. The most important occur between the " Top Ilanl " and -* Black Shale '* seams of coal, and yield from 2,000 to 7,000 tons of ironstone per acre. This ironstone was formerly worked at several collieries to a considerable extent, and produced excellent iron. The iron industry was introduced into the county before 1740, in which year there were two furnaces making charcoal

?ig iron to the amount of 225 tons each. In 1780, a furnace was erected at Morley 'ark. in which coke was exclusively employed, and a few years later Mr. Francis Hurt, the proprietor, introduced the steam engine to work the ** blast." About the same time two furmvces were erected at Chesterfield, and these were followed by works at Wingerworth, Staveley, and Dale Abbey. In 1792, furnaces were ei*ectod at Butterlev and Renishaw, and others were built before the close of the century. These furnaces used only Derbyshire ironstone, and the 12 furnaces in opon\tion in 1796 produced 9,656 tons of pig iron. In 1855 there were 24 furnaces in blast out of a total of 33, and the amount of pig iron made that year was 116,550 tons; in 1870 there were 43 furnaces, <rf which 30 were in blast, producing 179.772 tons. In 1880 the number of furnaces was 54, of which 14 were idle, and the pig iron made amounts! to 366.792 tons. Since that time there has boon considerable depression in the iron trade, and the annual production now only amounts to 343,115 tons. The local ironstone has been almost entirely superseded by the more easily reducible ores of Konhamptonshire and other places, and now something less than 6,000 Ions of ironstone is raised per annum.

PHYSIOGRAPHY AND POLITY OF DERBYSHIRE. 27

The sandstones of the coal measures yield good huilding stone, and flagstones for flooring and roofing. The clays are also applied to various purposes, bricks are made on an extensive scale, and pottery, either plain or artistic, is manu- factured at Brampton, Newbold, Langley Mill, Denby, and Swadlincote.

The Magnesian limestone of the Permian series stretches along the north- eastern border of the coal measures. This rock consists of an upper and lower limestone divided from each other by red marls and sandstones. The upper stratum is thin and of no economic value, but the lower limestone, which attains a thickness of about 100 feet, produces some of the most durable building stone in the kingdom. Southwell Cathedral, built in Norman times of stone from Bolsover Moor, is still in excellent preservation. The new Houses of Parliament and the Museum of Practical Geology, in Jermyn Street, London, are modern instances of its use. An analysis of this stone shows that its components are silica 3*6, carbonate of lime 51-1, carbonate of magnesia 40*2, iron alumina 1*8, and water and loss 3*3. Professor Bamsay states that ** The best varieties of magnesian limestone are those in which there is at least 40 per cent, of carbonate of magnesia, and 4 or 5 per cent, of silica."

Beds of gypsum, or alabaster, occur amongst the red marls of South Derbyshire. It is found in immense quantities at Ghellaston, where many tons are quarried annually and exported to various places as plaster of Paris. It is also extensively used in sculpture and for ornamental purposes in architecture. The gypsum bed is about 14 feet thick, and is covered by 30 or 40 feet of marl. A fibrous kind called satin stone is found at Sawley And one or two other places. When cut and polished it is much admired.

Climatb. - The climate of Derbyshire is considerably influenced by local circumstances. In the north-west, where the whole surface is elevated into bold hills and lofty moorlands, the climate is colder and the winters of longer duration than in the low plain occupying the south and east of the county. The rainfall also is greater. In the south the yearly average fall varies from about 20 to 33 inches, whilst in the hilly north it varies from 40 to 50 inches ; and the number of days on which rain falls is also relatively greater. The quantity is influenced by the situation. At Buxton, 1,000 feet above the sea level, and surrounded by still higher ground, the rainfall ranges from 5 to 10 inches above the average of the district.

Soil and Agriculture. - The soil varies in different places according to the prevailing strata of the district. On the shaly gritstone €ract stretching from Glossop to Woodlands, and southwards to Mam Tor, the soil is poor and yields but a scanty herbage. On the new red sandstone that occupies all that part of the county lying south of a line drawn from Ashbourne to Sandiacre, the land is red marl, with patches of gravel. The marly portions form excellent agricultural land, being rich in alum, magnesia, potash, soda, iron, and phosphate of lime, so- necessaxy for the growth of cereals and other crops. On the Coal and Iron Measures the soil is inclined to clay and varies much in quality, being in some places good loam and in others very inferior land; and these extremes may be occasionally met vrith on the same farm. In the river valleys the soil is chiefly aUnvial.

The farms vary much in size in different parts of the county, but taken ont an average they rim about 40 acres, which is about 18 acres below the average size of English farms in general.

The total area of the county, including water surface, is 656,243 acres, and the told quantity of land under all kinds of crops (exclusive of nursery grounda and woods), bare fallow and grass is 514,573 acres, which are held by 13,371 occupiers, of whom 11,559 rent the land, 1,204 are owners, and 608 both reni and own land. Tlie following table from the "Agricultural Beturns of Great Britain" exhibits the extent of land under the various kinds of crops in 1890: -

38

FHTSnyaAFHT A3D POIXIT QT Di

WflCAS

Bariey or Bece

Oaa "

RV4

Beans

§.305

175 368

Toal Caen Cxaps. ^&JEH

G

23*2

is/na

1,713 33

Ohbbsge. KoU, Bdbi 4 Bape 1,984 ~ 1,570

XcAlGnen Crops

90,li4

Closer, lainfcin «Dd gmiwii tzniier natiaii ^ 35,947

Pennanenc pat^tnze or giaku noc brokoi i^ ia rotiASioa (exeinsive of

heash and moansmin landi 4103^0

Woods msiA woodlazids ~ 35,189

From the above table u will be seea that the land is chiefly in meadow or pasture for dairy purposes. Coasiderable attention is given to the breeding of cattle and horses, and good stud farms have been established in varioos parts of the coanty. The followiog table from " Agricoltoral Recnms of Great Britain " shows the number of horses, cattle and sheep in Derbyshire in 1B90: -

No. of horses ased solelj for agricaltazal pozposes 13,938

No. of onbroiEen hocses ~ 7416

No. of mares kept solelj for breeding ~ ^ 1,308

Total.

22357

No. of cows and heifers in milk or in calf 71,186

xr < *.i. *.*i ' above two years 21,844

No. of other cattle - „^ j^, ^^^ 1^«. rn\no

I onder two years 50,402

Total 143,232

No. of sheep one year old and above 122^21

No. of sheep onder one year 80,076

Total 202,897

No. of pigs (exclusive of those kept in towns and by cottagers) 36,190

Government and Divisions. - After the consolidatioa of the kingdom, the fiiaxoD MoDarchs found it necessary to appoint officers to assist them in the maintenance of their authority. These officers were called Ealdormen, and the districts committed to their care were, in the first instance, probably coincident with those over which the kings of the heptarchy had rule(? These governors became, from the extent of their territories, dangerously powerful and aggressive. The earldom of Northumbria stretched from the Humber nearly to the Forth ; and Mercia and Wessex, though both less extensive, were scarcely less powerful, and not unfrequently endangered the existence of the monarchy. Subsequent kings abridged the power of these ealdormen by a sub-division of their earldoms, aria hence oritrinated our shires. During Danish ascendancy the title was changed into jarl or eorle, an equivalent term in their language. The Normans BiihHti luted the name count, and the shire or district over which he ruled was called a county, which term remains in use to the present day. But the title is now one of honour and dignity only, unconnected with county government. The frequent attendance of the earls on the king's person necessitated the aj)pointrrient of a deputy, or vice comes, styled in Saxon phraseology,, shire- reeve, who probably at first acted only in the earl's absence, but subsequently to him waH committed the whole burden of county government. In the early period of our hiHtory the sheriffs continued in office for a number of years, and some- timcH for the whole term of their life ; but since the 28th Edward III. (1354), the appointment has been made annually,' and is held directly by letters patent from the Crown. The usual mode of election is for the judges, having met in the Exchequer Chamber on the morrow of St. Martin (Nov. 12), to return the names -of throe perBons, residents in the county, to the king, who, with a small

PHYSIOGRAPHY AND POLITY OF DERBYSHIRE. 29

instrumeiii, pricks the name of one of the three, usually the first on the list, as sheriff. His duties are onerous and his powers extensive.

In his judicial capacity the sheriff presided in the county court upon all causes of 40s. value and under; hut this duty has heen modified hy the estahlishment of county court judgeships. By the sheriff all county meetings are summoned ; and he decides the elections of knights of the shire and of coroners. As the keeper of the king's peace he takes precedence of the highest nohle in the shire, and is armed with such ample powers for the defence of the county against the king's enemies, that he may command all the people residing within it to attend him : these form the posse comitatus. In his ministerial capacity he executes all writs and other processes directed to him from the courts; he summons and returns all juries, and is responsible for the due execution of the judgment of the courts, both civil and criminal. As the king's bailiff he must strictly guard the rights of the Grown within his bailiwick ; he must seize all lands devolving on the Crown by attainder or escheat, levy all fines and forfeitures, and take care of all waifs and strays, &c. To execute these various duties, the sheriff is aided by several officers of inferior rank, an under-sheriff, coroners, justices of the peace, a county treasurer, a clerk of the peace, sheriff's officers, and constables.

Henry VIII., in the early years of his reign, created a new office, the Lieutenancy, which gradually superseded the ancient commission of array, in levying and organising the local troops in the various counties. The holder of the office is styled the Lord Lieutenant, who may be regarded as the chief magistrate of the county, in whom is vested the entire control of the militia and the selection of the officers. The appointment is one of the privileges of the Crown, but the honour is rarely conferred upon any but supporters of the existing Government. The office, which is held during pleasure, became general throughout the country about 1549.

To render more certain and easy the due administration of the law and the maintenance of peace and order, each shire was sub-divided into smaller portions, which are variously named in different localities. In Yorkshire they are called Wapentakes ; but Derbyshire and the greater number of counties were divided into tithings and hundreds y each word being definitive of the number of free men, hotiseholders, and their families within the division. A tithing was the portion allotted to ten families, and twelve tithings (120 the Saxon hundred) constituted a hundred. Hereunder we enumerate the hundreds, and the parishes and townships contained therein : -

Appletree Hurul'^d, - Alkmonton, Ash, Barton-Blount, Bearwardcote, Belper, Boylestone, Bradley, Brailsford, Breadsall, Burnaston, Chaddesden, Church Broughton, Cubley, Dalbury Lees, Doveridge, Duffield. Edlaston-with-Wyaston, Etwall, Hatton, Hazlewood, Heage, Hilton, Holbrooke, Hollington, Hoon, Hungry Bentley, Kedleston, Longford, Marston-on-Dove, Marston Montgomery, Mercaston, Mugginton, Norbury- with- Boston, Osles ton and Thurvaston, Osmaston, Badbourne, Bavensdale Park, Bodsley, Scropton-with-Foston, Shirley, Shottle and Postern, Snelston, Somersall Herbert, Spondon, Stanley, Stydd, Sudbury, Sutton- on-the-Hill, Trusley, Turnditch, Weston Underwood, Windley, Yeavley.

High Peak Hundred. - Abney and Abney Grange, Alport, Ashford, Aston, Bakewell, Bamford, Baslow-with-Bubnell, Beeley, Birchover, Blackwell, Bowden Edge, Bradshaw Edge, Brad well, Brough and Shatton, Brushfield, Buxton, Calver, Castleton, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Charlesworth, Chelmorton, Chinley-Bugs- worth and Brownside, Chisworth, Chunall, Combs Edge, Curbar, Darley, Derwent, Dinting, Edale, Edensor-with-Chatsworth, Elton, Eyam, Eyam Wood- lands, Fairfield, Fernilee, Flagg, Foolow, Froggat, Glossop, Gratton, Grindlow, Haddon (Over and Nether), Hadfield, Harthill, Hassop, Hathersage, Hayfield, Hazlebadge, Highlow, Hope, Hope Woodlands, Hucklow Great, Hucklow Little, Litton, Ix>ng8tone Great- with- Holme, Longstone Little, Ludworth, Mellor, Middleton and Smerrill, Moneyash, Offerton, Outseats, Padfield, Padley Nether, Peak Forest, Pilsley, Rowland, Siowsley Great, Sheldon, Simondley, Stanton,

PHYSIOGRAPHY AND POLITY OF DEBBYSHIRE. 31

County Council. - This body was constituted in accordance with the provisions of the Local Government Act of 1888, which decreed that in every administrative county, as defined by the act, an elective body called a County Council shall be established, which shall be entrusted with the management of the s^ministrative and financial business of the county, hitherto transacted by the magistrates at the Quarter Sessions. Under this Act, Derbyshire is divided into 53 electoral divisions, each of which returns one councillor, except GIossop, which has three, and Chesterfield, Ilkeston, Alfreton, Belper and Heage, and Eckington, two each. The borough of Derby is by this Act a separate administrative county, under the title of county borough. Each council consists of a chairman, aldarmen (one-half of whom retire in rotation every third year), and councillors. The Act came into operation on the 1st of April, 1889, and the elections are triennial. An extension of this principle of local government was carried out by the passing of the Parish and District Councils Act of 1894, which enacted that in every rural parish having a population of 300 or upwards a council shall be elected for the management of parochial affairs ; and that parishes having less than 300 inhabitants may be grouped with others for purposes of the act, the united population being not less than 300. The elections are annual, and the term of office commences on the 15th day of April in each year.

The following are the divisions for the election of members of the County (k>uncil, with the parishes and townships contained in them : -

Alfreton. - The urban sanitary district of Alfreton.

Alvaston. - Alvaston and Boulton, Aston-on-Trent, Chaddesden, Elvaston, Osmaston, Shardlow, and Great Wilne, Spondon.

Ashbourne. - Ashbourne, Biggin, Bradley, Clifton, Edlaston and Wyaston, Hulland, HuUand Ward, Mapleton, Norbury and Boston, Oifcote and Underwood, Osmaston, Shirley Snelston, Sturston, Yeldersley.

Ashover. - Ashover, North Wingfield, Tupton, Wingerworth.

Btikewell. - Ashford, Bake well, Beeley, Haddon Over, Haddon Nether, Harthill, Hassop, Longstone Great, Longstone Little, Middleton and Smerriil, Rowland, Stanton, Youlgrave.

Baslow. - Abney and Abney Grange, Baslow and Bubnell, Calver, Chatsworth, Curbar, Edensor, Eyam, » Eyam Woodlands, Foolow, Froggatt, Hathersage, Highlow, Nether Padley, Offerton, Outseats, Pilsley, Stoke, Stoney Middleton.

Beighton. - Beighton, Killamarsh.

Belper and Heage. - Belper, Heage.

Blackwell. - Blackwell, Pinxton, South Normanton.

Bolsover. - Barlborough, Bolsover, Clowne, Elmton, Whit well.

Brailsford. - Allestree, Brailsford, Breadsall, Dalbury-Lees, Darley Abbey, Kedleston, Eirk Langley, Little Eaton, Mackworth, Markeaton, Mercaston, Quamdon, Badbourne, Bavensdale Park, Weston Underwood.

Brampton. - Brampton, Walton. Brimington. - Brimington , Tapton . Buxton. - Buxton urban sanitary district.

Castleton. - Aston, Bamford, Bradwell, Brough and Shatton, Castleton, Der- went, Edale, Hope, Thornhill, Woodlands.

Chapel-en-le-Frith. - Chapel-en-le-Frith, Chinley. Chesterfield. - The municipal borough of Chesterfield. Church Gresley. - Church Gresley. Clay Cross. - Clay Lane, Stretton, Woodthorpe. Codnor. - Codnor and Loscoe, Codnor Park.

Crich. - ^Alderwasley, Ashleyhay, Brackenfield, Crich, bouth Wingfield, Wesdngton.

82 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND POLITY OF DEBBYSHIRB.

Droufivhl, - Coal Astou, Dronfield, Unstone.

Ihtjfiehl - Duffield, Hazlewood, Holbrook, Kilburn, Shottle and Postern, Turndiioh, Windley.

Kckimjton, - Tlie township is divided into two parts, each returning one

KtWiilL - Ash, Beardwardcote, Burnaston, Egginton, Etwall, Findern, Little- over. Miokleover, Normanton, Trusley, Twyford and Stenson, Willington.

Finrri^hl, - Fairfield, Fernilee, Peak Forest, Upper Quarter, Wormhill, part of Buxton.

(t*\vj{i>/>. - The municipal borough returns three members.

i iii7mj;/ow, - Atlow, Ballidon, Bradboume, Brassington, Eaton and Alsop, Fenny IVntley, Hognaston, Kniveton, Lea Hall, Nether Quarter, Newton Onuijie, Parwioh, Thorpe, Tissington, Town Quarter.

i7.w«\»«Ki - Calow, Hasland.

i/jvnVJx/ - Hayfield, Ludworth and Chisworth, Mellor, township of Glossop, ihe uninici(>al borough excepted.

iiAi»^>r, - lleanor, Shipley.

tU'Ath. - Ault Hucknall, Glapwell, Heath, Pleasley, So&rcliffe, Sutton-cum- Duoktnatuon, Temple Normanton, Upper Langwith.

Ilkeston, - The municipal l>orougn returns two councillors.

L^^nij Faton, - Url>an sanitary district of Long Eaton.

-Va^av^. - Dothick and Lea, Matlock, Tansley.

MeiUfhiim - Appleby, Catton, Chilcote, Cotton-in-the-Elms, Groxall, Drakelow, Lullin^con, Mea^i^ham, Oakthorpe and Donisthorpe, Bosliston, Stretton-in-le- Field. Waltoii-ou-Trent, Willesley.

Melbourne. - Barrow-upon-Tront» Calke, Chellaston, Derby Hills, Melbourne, Siufiii and AVlestoii, Sinfin Moor, Smisby, Stanton-by-Bridge, Swarkesione, Tickriall, \Ve:jton-up^Hi-Treut.

yeu'boUl. - BarloN\\ Newbold and Duuston.

Strw J/ii^. - -New Mills.

Aor^»/t. - ik'auohief. lX>re, Ilolmesfield, Norton, Totley.

cVi6/Wi?f. -Breaston. Draycott and Church Wilne, Hopwell, Ockbrook, Saw ley and \Vilsthor^>e.

Hcptcn an<i Stead Un.\'te.~)^T^th\\ Foremark, Hartshorn, Ingleby, Newton S*.>luoY, Kepton» SwadliiKvce» Wiushill.

tiiylcff . - Ri pie y .

S^inJiacrt}. l>ale Abbey, Kirk Hallam. Mapperiej, Bislej, Sandiacre, Stanlov, Staiiton-bY-l>;vV\ West Hallam.

Shirlind. Morton. Tilsley. Shirlaud and Higham, Tibshelf.

Sma^'ei/. IVnbv. Horsley. Horsley Woodhouse, Morley, Fentrich, Soctalley.

Sruuci^n a^ul Sctchit!!. -Caldwell. Castle Greslev. LintiOQ, Stantoaand Newhall.

^^r u vc t i" !f . - Sta ve le n

Siiihu I // . Alki!K>ntv»j\ Barcoa Blount, Bovleston, Church Brooghtoa, Cabley, l>o\eful^e. Kosion aiul Sivptoiu Uatcou, i^ilTion, HoUingtoii, Hoon, Haogry l»ouile\ . lA»M^K»id. M;iisiiM» Montgv>mery» Marscon-on-DoTe, Osleston and Thur- MkHUMJ. UvhUU's. Svvnu»-*h.Ul llotlH.»rc» Sudbury. Succoo-oa-tihe^HiiU YeaTeley.

/ /.iVa.. t ..' Uliiokw^'ll. Umnhtiold. Cheluiortou, Ftagg, Grindlow, Hazlebadge, Uuv-kU'w <'*i\\u, HuMk^w 1.ihIo» L-icu>n. Middle Quarter, Mooyask, Sheldon,

llul*.li!i>;UMi. LSvUviWoll. \\;il\lU»\V» \Vbc6.tou.

II i:::'i.i!i.'ti. \\ hit I m^UHi urban sanitary dijjiiricli.

II n.^Uf Aldwai'k. IViiohvwcr. tk>usall, Kltou, Grafcton, Ible, Iioabrook i^lran^c. Ma'vkvk k^^ih and Soarchiu Nick. Norch Darley, Wensley and Sohterioa,

NViiister.

Wiiksuorch. i,\iio\\\ Carsingfiou, Ctvuiford, Hi^^ton, Idtid^pshaf and Jkllon. Irefiou Wovxi, Kir* Irecon, MiddloU>u, \Virk»wofih.

COUNTY COUNCIL, ECCLESIASTICAL GOVEBNMENT AND DIVISIONS. 33

COUNTY COUNCIL.

Chairman - Alderman Sir Henry Wilmot, Bart., V.C, C.B.

Vice-Chaimian - Councillor Lord Waterpark. Clerk and Returning Officer - N. J. Hughes-Hallett, Esq.

County Aldermen (retire 8th March, 1898) -

Jackson J. P., Esq., Stubbin Edge, Ashover Jervis Hon. William Monk, Quarndon, Derby Roberts Joshua, Cornhill House, Alfreton,

fentleman ebottom James, Esq., Milbrook, Holling- worth, Manchester Waite Richard, Duffield, Derby, architect

Alleyne Sir John Gay Newton, Bart., The

Chevin, Belper Bagshawe Francis Westby, Esq., The Oakes,

Norton, Sheffield Barnes Alfd., Esq., Ashgate Lodge, Chesterfield Dixon George Moore, Esq., Bradley Hall,

Ashbourne Haslam William Coates, Ripley, Derby, colliery

proprietor

(As the third County Council election will take pleuie whilst these pa^es are in the press^ the names and addresses of the Councillors will be given in the Appendix.)

ECCLESIASTICAL GOVERNMENT AND DIVISIONS.

Derbyshire was formerly part of the diocese of Lichfield and Coventry. In 1884 the counties of Derby and Nottingham were detached from the dioceses of Lichfield and Lincoln respectively, and formed into the diocese of Southwell. The diocese is divided into two archdeaconries, Derby and Nottingham. The former, with which only we are here concerned, is divided into the following deaneries : -

Deanery of Alfreton, comprising Alfreton, Black well, Brackenfield, Codnor and Loscoe, Crich, Dethic, Heanor, Ironville, Morton, Pentrich, Pinxton, Pleasley, Biddings, Ripley, Shirebrook, Shirland, Somercotes, South Normanton, South Wingfield, Swan wick, Tibshelf, Wessington.

Deanery of Ashbourne, comprising Alsop-en-le-Dale, Ashbourne -with-Mapleton, Atlow, Bradboiime-with-Ballidon, Bradley, Brailsford, Clifton, Cubley, Edlaston, Fenny Bentley, Hulland, Kniveton, Marston Montgomery, Norbury, Osmaston- by- Ashbourne, Parwich, Shirley, Snelston, Thorpe, Tissington, Yeaveley.

Deanery of Bakewell, comprising Ashford-with-Sheldon, Bakewell, Beeley, Darley, Edensor, Elton, Longstone, Matlock, Matlock Bank, Matlock Bath, Bowsley, South Darley, Stanton-in-the-Peak, Tansley, Winster, Youlgrave.

Deanery of Buxton, comprising Biggin, Burbage, Buxton, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Chelmorton, Earl Sterndale, Fairfield, Fernilee, Hartington, King Sterndale, Monyash, Peak Forest, Taddington, Tideswell, Wormhill.

Deanery of Chesterfield, comprising Ashover, Ault Hucknall, Bolsover, Brampton, Brampton St. Thomas, Brimington, Chesterfield, Clay Cross, Hasland, Heath, North Wingfield, Pilsley, Sutton-with-Duckmanton, Temple Normanton, Wingerworth.

Deanery of Derby, comprising All Saints', Christ Church, Holy Trinity, St. Alkmund, St. Andrew, St. Anne, St. Barnabas, St. Chad, St. James, St. John, St. Luke, St. Michael, St. Paul, St. Peter, St. Thomas, St. Werburgh, Littleover, Normanton-by-Derby, Osmaston-by-Derby.

Deanery of Dronfield, comprising Abbeydale, Barlow, Beauchief, Dore, Dron- field, Holmesfield, Newbold, Norton, Norton Woodseats, Whittington.

Deanery of Duffield, - Allestree, Belper, Darley Abbey, Denby, Duflfield, Hazlewood, Heage, Holbrooke, Horsley, Horsley Woodhouse, Kedleston, Kirk Langley, Ljttle Eaton, Mackworth, Milford, Mugginton, Quarndon.

Deanery of Eyam, comprising Bamford, Baslow, Bradwell, Castleton, Curbar, Derwent Woodlands, Edale, Eyam, Hathersage, Hope, Stony Middleton.

Deanery of Glossop, comprising Bugs worth, Charlesworth, Dinting Vale, Glossop, Hadfield, Hayfield, Mellor, New Mills, Whitfield.

Deanery of Ilkeston, comprising Breadsall, Chaddesden, Cotmanhay, Ilkeston, Kirk Haliam, Long Eaton, Mapperley, Morley, Ockbrook, Risley-with-Breaston,

c

LIEUTENANCY AND MAGISTRACY.

36

Bennett Dr. Robert Ottiwell Gifford, Park

Place, Baxton Blackwall John Blackwall Evans, Esq., Black- wall, Wirksworth Blake William Greaves, Esq., Mylnhurst,

Millhouses, Sheffield -Boden Henry, Esq., The Friary, Derby Bojid George Morton, Esq., Alrewas House,

Ashbourne Borough John, Esq., The Cedars, Belper Bowden Lancelot Butler, Esq., Barlborough

House, Chesterfield

owles Charles Eyre Bradshaw, Esq., Abney

IManor, Sheffield Briggs William, Esq., Bleak House, Melbourne,

Derby Burdett Sir Fras., Bart., Foremark Hall, Derby Burkitt Samuel, Esq., Stubbing Court, near

Chesterfield Burton Lord, Rangemore, Burton-on-Trent Cammell George Henry, Esq., Hathersage,

Sheffield Carver Thomas, Esq., The HoUins, Marple -Cave Sir Mylles C. B., Bart., Stretton-en-le-

Fields, Ashby-de-la-Zouch Cavendish James Charles, Esq., Darley House,

Darley Abbey, Derby Carrington Arthur, Esq., Wamey Lea, Darley

Dale, Matlock Christie Richard Copley, Esq., Ribsden, Bag- shot, Surrey Clark George D'Aroy, Esq., Bumaston, Derby Clay Alfred, Esq., Darley Hall, Matlock Clay ChsLS. John, Esq., Stapenhill, Burton-on- Trent -Clowes Samuel William, Esq., Norbury Hall,

Ashbourne -Coke Colonel W. Langton, Local Government

Board, WhitehaU, 8.W Coke Lieut.-Col. John Talbot, Debdale Hall,

Mansfield Cooke Henry, Esq., Edge Moor, Buxton Copestake Thos. G., Esq., Bark Langley, Derby Corfield Frederick Channer, Esq., Ormonde

Fields, Codnor, Derby Cox Samuel Richardson, Esq., Oldbury Hall,

Atherstone Cox William, Esq., Brailsford, Derby Cox William Thomas Edwards, Esq., Spondon,

Derby Craven Frederick, Esq., Thombridge, Bakewell Crewe Sir Vauncey Harper, Bart., Calke

Abbey, Derby -Crompton Jno. Gilbert, Esq., The Lilies, Derby Crompton George William, Esq., Stanton Hall,

Nottingham Cumming Hy. Jack, Esq., Foston Hall, Derby Curzon Nathaniel Charles, Esq., Lockington

Hall, Derby -Curzon The Hon. G^rge Nathaniel, M.P.,

Kedleston Hall, Derby Dawson Arthur Finch, Esq., Barrow Hill,

Ashbourne Devas Horace, Esq., Spondon Hall, Derby Devas Edward Thomas Holden, Esq., Spondon,

Derby Devonshire EUs Grace the Duke of, E.G.,

Chatsworth Dickson Francis Kennedy, Esq., Wye House,

Buxton Digby Kenelm Edward, Esq., Local Govern- ment Board, Whitehall, S.W.

Dixon George Moore, Esq., Bradley Hall,

Ashbourne Drury-Lowe William Drury Nathaniel, Esq.,

Locko Park, Derby Duncombe Alfred Chas., Esq., Calwioh Abbey,

Ashbourne -Dury Theodore Henry, Esq. Egerton Rear-Admiral The Hon. Francis, St.

George's Hill, Byfleet, Surrey Evans Walter, Esq., Darley Abbey, Derby Evershed Sydney, Esq., M.P., Albury House,

Stapenhill, Burton-on-Trent Fane W. D., Esq., The Hall, Melbourne, Derby Farmer Thos. Orme, Esq., The Firs, Ashbourne Fenton William, Esq., GhurchdaJe, Bakewell Fernley Geo. Arthur, Esq., Westwood, Buxton Ferrers The Earl, Staunton Harold, Derby Firth J. Loxley, Esq., Crabtree Meadow House,

Hope, Sheffield Fitzherbert John Knight, Esq., Twynham,

Bournemouth -Fitzherbert Sir William, Bart., Tissington

Hall, Ashbourne Fowler Harry Aldam, Esq., Southgate House,

Clowne, Chesterfield Fytche John Lewis, Esq., The Terrace, Fresh- water, I.O.W. Gascoyne J. H., Esq., Littleover, Derby Gell Henry Chandos-Pole, Esq., Hopton Hall,

Wirkswortti Goodwin-Gladwin Richard Hy., Esq., Hinchly

Wood, Ashbourne Greaves Francis Edwd., Esq., 15 Powis Square,

Brighton -Gresley Sir Rt., Bart., Drakelow Hall, Derby Hall Ebenezer, Esq., Abbey Dale Park, Dore,

Sheffield Hall Edwsurd, Esq., Horwich House, Whaley

Bridge Hanbury R. W., Esq., M.P., Ham Hall, Ash- bourne Harrison John Tovnidrow, Esq., Stonebroom,

Alfreton Harrison Wm., Esq., Dean Hill House, Matlock Haelam Sir Alfred SesJe, Elnight, North Lees,

Derby Haslam William Coates, Esq., The Elms,

Ripley, Derby Heywood Arthur Percival, Esq., Duffield

Bank, Derby Heywood Sir Thomas Percival, Bart., Dove

Leys, Uttoxeter Hibbert James, Esq., Fern Bank, New Mills Hindlip Lord, Hindlip Hall, Worcester Hodgkinson Samuel, Esq., Rose Hill, Marple,

Stockport Holden E. C. Shuttleworth, Esq., Aston-on-

Trent Hollins William, Esq., Pleasley Vale, Mansfield Hooley Terah, Esq., Risley Lodge, Derby Howard of Glossop Lord, Glossop Hall, Derby- shire Hubbersty Albert Cantnll, Esq., Felly Abbey,

Eastwood, Notts Hubbersty Henry Alf., Esq., Burbage, Buxton Hunter Michael, Esq., Stoke Hall, Sheffield -Hurt Albert Frederick, Esq., Alderwasley

Matlock Bath Jackson John, Esq., Stubbin Edge, Chesterfield Jackson William Birkenhead Mather, Esq.,

Clay Cross Hall, Chesterfield - Jervis The Hon. Wm. Monk, Quamdon, Derby

MBUTENANCY, MAGISTRACY, AND DERBYSHIRE CONSTABULARY.

37

Sntton Edward, Esq.,

Swallow John Fell, Esq., Mosbro' Hill,

Koiherham *Swiiigler Henry, Esq., Edge Hill, near Derby Tatham Wm., Esq., Stanley House, Ilkeston Taylor- Whitehead Smith, Esq., Burton Closes,

Bakewell Taylor William Francis, Esq., Thomhill Michael MoGreagn, Esq., Stanton,

Bakewell Turbutt William Gladwyn, Esq., Ogston Hall,

Alfreton Turner Fredk., Esq., Grafton House, Buxton Turner Henry, Esq., Gale Green, Stockport Turner Tom Newsum, Esq., Langley Mill Twyford Henry Robert, Esq., Sunny Bank,

Belper Yerelst Harry William, Esq., Aston Hall,

Botherham Vernon The Hon. W. J. B. W. V., 43, Grosvemor

Place, London -Vernon Lord, Sudbury Hall, Derby Wainwright Joel, Esq., Finchwood, Compstall,

Stockport Waite Richard, Esq., Green Trees, Duffield,

Derby Walker Edwyn, Esq., Rock House, Cromford Walker William, Esq., Lea Wood, Cromford Walthall Henry Walthall, Esq., Alton Manor,

Derby -Waterpark Lord, Doveridge, Derby Welby William Earl, Esq., Bainton House,

Stcunford Wheatoroft George Hanson, Esq., Wirksworth

Wheatcroft Joseph, Esq., Wirksworth

Wheeler Joseph Bourne, Esq., Denby, Derby

Wildgoose Robert, Esq., The Gkibles, Matlock

Williams Geo. Griffiths, Esq., Ffynon, Caradog, Bow Street, R.S.O., Cardiganshire

-Wilmot Brig.-General Sir Henry, Bart., Chad- desden Hall, Derby

Wilson Wm., Esq., Beauchief Abbey, Sheffield

Wolferston Fras. Statfold Pipe, Esq., Statfold, Tamworth

Wood Christopher, Esq., Swanwick Hall, Alfreton

Wood Henry Joseph, Esq., Bowndes Park, Tunbridge Wells

Woodforde Woodforde Ffooks, Esq.

Woodiwiss Abraham, Esq., Springhill, Duf- field, Derby

Woodmass Montague, Esq., Compstall, Stock- port

Woolley James John Arthur, Esq., Loscoe, Derby

Woolley Joseph Henry, Esq., Kilburne, Derby

Wragg John Downing, Esq., Swadlincote, Burton-on-Trent

Wright A. Fitz Herbert, Esq., Butterley Hall, Derby

Wright Albert Leslie, Esq., Butterley Hall, Derby

-Wright Fitz Herbert, Esq., The Hayes, Swan- wick, Alfreton

Wright Francis Beresford, Esq., Wootton Court, Warwick

Wright PhiUp, Esq., MelUngton Hall, Church Stoke, Montgomery

The following are ex-officio Justices of the Peace for the county by virtue of their office as chairmen of District Councils : -

Allsop Samuel, Heage Urban District Council Brown Joseph, Alfreton Urban District Council Butler Samuel, Long Eaton Urban District

Council Fowler John Walter, Hartshome and Measham

Boral District Council Gee John T., Hayfield Bural District Council Godward Ed., New Mills Urban Dist. Council Greaves Abraham, Brampton and Walton

Urban District Council Hall John, Newbold and Dunston Urban Dis- trict Council Hills The Rev. Thoff. C, Bolsover Urban Dis- trict Council Hooi>er Marshall, Bipley Urban Dist. Council

Lawton J. E., Matlock Bath Urban District Council

Morris The Rev. Ernest Edwin, Blackwell Rural District Council

Robinson Wm. Bradbury, Chesterfield Urban District Council

Rowbottom George, Glossop Dale Rural Dis- trict Council

Sampson Jno. Stephen, Chesterfield Rural District Council

Slack E., Matlock Urban District Council

Smith James Hardy, Alvaston and Boulton Urban District Council

Woolley Edward, Glossop Urban Dist. Council

Wright Jas., Bonsall Urban District Council

DEKBYSHIRB CONSTABULAEY.

By Section 9 of the Local Government Act, the police have been placed under the joint control of the Quarter Sessions and the County Council, exercised through a standing joint committee consisting of 18 members. The force consists of a chief constable, a deputy chief constable, a chief clerk, 10 superintendents, and 291 constables, of whom nine are local.

Chief Constable - Major G. A. Godfrey, St. Mary's Gate, Derby.

I>eputy Chief Constable - Mr. Elijah Carline, Chesterfield.

Chief Clerk - ^Mr. John 0. Airey, Iron Gate, Derby.

Head Quarters - Iron Gate, Derby.

ASHOVEB. 59

for the king's use, by a few royal soldiers, despatched to Ashover to watch the roads. He suffered still more from a company of Gromweirs dragoons, who took possession of the hall in the name of the parliament, and after failing to blow it- down by three small pieces of ordnance placed on Fabric Hill, they accomplished its destraction by firing a barrel of gunpowder in the tower. ** After that," says the reverend gentleman in a letter to his cousin, Mr. William Bourne, Manchester, " they sang a psalm and marched to the church. The scout. Master Smedley, ascended the pulpit and preached for two hours, about popery, priestcraft, and kingcraft, then singing a psalm were preparing to go, when one of the pioneers noticed the stained-glass window exhibiting the Crucifixion, and once belonging to the Eeresbys, which they smashed, both glass and stonework. The prayer-book, surplice, and registers they carried to the Market Place, where they were publicly burnt. Wheatcroft, my parish clerk, wrote the following rhymes : -

* The Roundheads oame down upon Eastwood Old Hall, And they tried it with mattock and tried it with ball, And they tore ofi the lead work and splintered the wood, But as firmly as ever the battlements stood, Till a barrel of powder at last did the thing. And then they sang psalms for the fall of the king.' "

When the royal cause became utterly hopeless, he gave his influence to the Boundheads, and was rewarded with an appointment as Commissioner of Sequestration. He was determined not to sacrifice his rectories (he held also Aylestone in Leicestershire) for a few abstract opinions, and accepted all the ordinances of the Puritans, laying aside both surplice and prayer-book, and leaving the celebration of marriages to the civil power. When episcopacy was re-established, he discarded his Presbyterianism and complied with tbe Act of Uniformity, passed in 1662.

The hall is now a picturesque ivy-covered ruin, its huge fire-place, still intact, at which four oxen might be roasted abreast, telling of the hospitality of our old Eoglish forefathers.

The Old Hall manor was conveyed in 1337 to Roger de Wynfield, and subsequently passed by marriage to the Bollestons. The male line of this family failed in the reign of EUzabeth, and the estate descended to the Pershalls, of Horsley, Staffordshire. It was subsequently sold in portions.

Muster's manor also belonged to the Wynfields, who resided at Edelstowe Hall. In later years the hall and estate belonged to a branch of the Gladwin family ; they passed thence by an heiress to the Bournes, from whom they were purchased in 1808, by Mr. John Milnes, of Ashover. The hall, which has long been converted into a farmhouse, is now the property of Mr. John Twigg, of Amber House.

Pierepont's manor came to the Babingtons, from whom it was purchased by the Beresbys, and was sold with the other estates of Sir Thomas Beresby in several portions.

The parish is watered by the Amber river, from which the ground on either side rises steeply into lofty rugged hills, fir and pine-clad in places, the bare flinty rock protruding in others, or lying scattered in huge masses along the hill sides. One of these stones, called by the country people Bobin Hood's Mark, measures 26 feet in circumference, and is supposed to weigh about 14 tons. Its extraor- dinary position favours the opinion that it was so placed by art ; but how this was accomplished in prehistoric times, when tbe inhabitants of this country had scarcely advanced beyond the initial stage of civilisation, is a mystery that will probably never be solved. Near this is another rocking stone, designated the Tiiffting Stone, which is supposed to have been in some way connected with Dmidical worship. Another mass of rock, which stands prominently out from the general outline of Overton Tor, has been named Gladstone's Nose from its fancied resemblance to the nasal organ of that veteran statesman. This scene of nigged grandeur is scarcely surpassed by any other in the country ; and were it more easily accessible it would doubtlessly receive a much greater bhare of attention from tourists and others in search of the beautiful.

ASHOVEB. 43

appeared to have been buried indiscriminately, as if hastily, and many of them were in good preservation, but no other relics were found to show how or when the interments took place. About thirty yards distant some coins, bearing the date 1742, were also turned up.

At the base of the hills, opposite Overton Hall, is Baven*s Nest - an estate purchased by Mr. John Gregoiy in 1600, and it is now the property of hia descendant, Mr. John Bassett Gregory, to whom we acknowledge our indebtedness for much interesting information. Veins of lead occur among the flinty hills, and mining operations were carried on at the Gregory mines for many years. The enterprise was for some years unremunerative, but during the second half of the 18th century, when improved machinery had been introduced, the mine proved a little El Dorado, and yielded the proprietors from £12,000 to £20,000 yearly. The mines were finally closed in 1804. The mounds of white sparry debris,, looking like acres of snow, have been sifted again and again for ore, and the remains are now carted away for use in the manufacture of glass and china.

Stuhhen Edge Hall is an ancient mansion one and a half miles south-east from Ashover. The hall, with a considerable portion of land, formerly belonged to the family of Crich, but in the reign of Elizabeth it became the property of William Dakeyne, who married the widow of William Criche. Cornelius Criche, the last of the family, died, in reduced circumstances, in 1789, at the age of 102, and is buried in the chancel of the church. William Dakeyne married for his- second wife, Katherine Strange, maid of honour to Mary Queen of Scots, whom she attended on the scaffold. There is a tablet in Ashover Church to several members of this family, headed by " Gulielm . Dakeyn . Norroy." But it does not appear that William Dakeyn^ever held the position of Norroy King-at-Arras- of the Herald's College ; another William Dakeyn, grandson of the above, was apprehended by warrant for issuing false pedigrees and grants of arms. The- estate remained in the possession of this family till 1720, when Frances, only daughter and heiress of Arthur Dakeyn, married William Hopkinson, of Bonsall. It subsequently passed through various hands to the Milneses, and was- purchased from the Exors. of the late William Milnes, in 1874, by J. P. Jackson^ Esq., J. P., the present owner.

Kelstedge is a hamlet one-and-a-quarter miles north-west from Ashover. Here is the large saw and turning mills of Cundy Brothers. Alton is a village one mile north-east. In the neighbourhood are several gritstone quarries.

Ghabities. - John Thommon^ late of Dove Cote, Ashover, in 1881 gave £500 (consols), the dividends to be appropriated annually (1) in providing prizes, bibles and prayer books, for proficiency in Scripture knowledge, good attendance and good conduct for children at the day and Sunday sohocus; (2) in six sums of 20a. each to destitute poor not receiving parish reUef ; and (3) the residue of the income to be distributed in sums of 5s. each to aged poor parighioners. Mrs, Ann Kaye Jackson, in 1880, left the dividends of £200 (consols) to be- distributed in warm clothing, or otherwise, at the discretion of the rector and churchwardens. Mrs. Waterhouse, in 1884, left £4 168. 8d. yearly to be distributed at Christmas amongst the poor who are church-goers. The sum of £6 128. lid. is received yearly from the Rev. F. Gisbome's Flannel Charity; and there are other small bequests amounting to about £4 10s. yearly.

Parish Councillors - J. Towndrow, A. Bowring,

J. Bradley, J. B. Gregoiy, J. Lee, Bev. J. B.

Nodder, H. Bradley, J. H. Twigg Rural District Councillors - ^W. Lee and J. P.

Jackson, J. P. Overseers- - J^h, Barker, Wm. Smedley, Jas.

White, Jno. Burks Assistant Overseer - ^Thomas White Relieving Officer - ^E. Bradbury, White Lion Vaccination Officer - W. Grayson, White Lion,

8rd and 4th Thorsdays in April and October,

at 3 p.in. Registrars of Births and Deaths - J. B. Tom-

mison. Clay oroes ; deputy - Edward Johnson 8uh>eyor o/ Highways - ^Thomas White Const^vaiwe Begistration Agent - Geo. Beardow lAberal Registration Agent^. W. Grossland

Mail Contractor - William Tomlinson, Black Swan - Chesterfield, Tupton, Clay Cross, and Ashover, daily

School Boabd.

Chairman - J. P. Jackson, Esq., J. P. ; Vice- Chairman - Rev. J. B. Nodder, M.A. ; J. Bradley, Joseph Lee, and A. Bowring

Clerk - "l. J. Beardow

School Attendance Officer - Joseph Holmes

Burial Board.

Chairman - J. P. Jackson, Esq., J.P. ; Vice- Chairman - Rev. J. B. Nodder, M.A. ; H. Revell, T. Hopkinson, J. Towndrow, J. Young, W. Wilmott, Jph. Barker, J. A.. Robinson

CterAc - T. J. Beardow

AULT HUCKNALL. 47

by new seats, and the bells adjusted. The chancel floor is laid with tesselated tUes, arranged in a pretty desigo, and the communion table is of marble and Caen stone. The south aisle extends along the side of the chancel, forming a south chapel, where there was formerly an altar ; and there was probably another at the east end of the north aisle. In the south chapel is the altar- tomb of Anne, first wife of Sir William Cavendish, afterwards Earl of Devonshire. She died in 1598, and the monument was erected by her son William, the second earl, in 1627. Near this is a black marble slab covering the bones of Thomas Hobbes, of Malmsbury, who was tutor to two Earls of Devonshire, and resided with the family till his death in 1679, at the age of 91. He was a famous philosopher, and the author of several works ; but his thoughts were so far in advance of the age in which he lived that many regarded him as an atheist, and Parhament in 1665 passed a censure on his writings. His principal work was the celebrated ''Leviathan," which is full of paradoxical doctrines. He was al80 the author of a descriptive Latin poem on the wonders of the Peak, called *' De Mirabihbus Pecci.'' The east window of the chancel and the west window of the south aisle were filled with stained glass by the tenants of Hardwick estate and other friends in memory of the late John Gregory Cottingham, steward to the sixth and seventh Dukes of Devonshire. He died in 1878. The font, a beautiful piece of work in white and variegated marble, was given by the late Bev. Canon Cottingham, brother of the above. In the west end of the nave is a Norman doorway, now built up, having a tympanum, and another bearing very quaintly-carved allegorical figures. There are five bells in the tower, all of 16th and 17th century dates. The registers commence in the year 1660, but are defective in the early portion. A new burial ground, half-an-acre in extent, opposite the church, was laid out in 1887.

The church of "Hokenhair* formed part of the endowment of Newstead Priory, Nottinghamshire, and the living was in the gift of the prior of that house till the Beformation. In 1544 Henry VIII. granted the advowson of the vicara.ge and the rectorial tithes to Sir Francis Leake, and they were purchased from his descendant, the last Earl of Scarsdale, by the Duke of Devonshire. The living valued in the King's Book at £6 Os. 5d., is now worth £145 net with residence, and is held in conjunction with Heath by the Eev. F. Broadhurst, M.A.

Hardwick is an estate and manor on the border of Nottinghamshire. It was given by ELing John to Andrew de Beauchamp in 1203 ; it afterwards belonged to the Savages, of whom it was held by the Stainsbys, by the annual render of three pounds of cinnamon, and one of pepper. Subsequently it came into the possession of the Hardwicks. Elizabeth, better known as " Bess of Hardwick," third daughter and co-heiress of John Hardwick, Esq., brought this manor to her second husband, Sir William Cavendish, from whom it has descended to the Duke of Devonshire. The celebrated Bess was led four times to the hymeneal altar, and by each marriage she increased her wealth and influence. Her last husband was the Earl of Shrewsbury, to whose custody the beautiful but much maligned Mary Queen of Scots was entrusted by a jealous and cruel sister queen. She built Hardwick Hall, and her initials "E.S." appears in the carved stonework that crowns the towers.

The hall is seated on an eminence commanding an extensive and varied

prospect, and was built from stones quarried out of the hill-side. The beholder

is at once impressed by the magnitude of the mansion and the number of

windows, and he realizes the truth of the distych -

'* Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall."

It stands now much the same as it was when Bess of Hardwick was the presiding genius of the place, a new wing and servants' offices being the only change made for a very long time. The Entrance Hall is a noble apartment, with a gallery at the west end. The walls are hung with fine modem tapestry, and facing the entrance is a beautiful life-size statue of Mary Queen of Scots, by Westmacott. The Chapely on the first floor, contains the curious old chairs and cushions covered with very fiine needlework. The Dining Boom is a spacious apartment, wainscoted

AULT HUOKNALL.

4d

children. It is also ased as a Sunday school, and church service is held in it on the Sunday evenings. The village feast is held on the Sunday before Midsummer Day.

Rowthome is an ancient manor and village, one mile east from the church. Near by is a station on the Doe Lea extension of the Midland Eailway for Bow- ihome and Hardwick. There are three passenger trains daily each way, and on& goods train. l!Vom Glapwell Station to Bowthome the gradient is 1 in 50, and up this steep ascent only thirteen wagons of coal dan be brought at one time, and sometimes not even that number. A school was erected here in 1855. It id now under the Ault Hucknal School Board, and is attended by about 60 children.

The manor of Bugetom (Bowthorne) at the time of the Domesday Survey belonged to Boger Busli. It was afterwards held by the family of Tilly, whose heiress married Savage. Bobert de Lexington, in the reign of Henry III., conveyed the manor to the Priory of Newstead. After the dissolution of the priory at the Beformation it was granted to Boger Greenhalgh ; and in 1563 it was vested in his co-heiress. A few years afterwards it was conveyed, probably by piu*chase, to Sir William Cavendish, ancestor to the present noble owner.

Stainsby is an ancient manor and small village one mile west from the church. A school was erected about SOyears ago by the Duke of Devonshire, in lieu of one that stood near Hardwick Hall. It has been under the management of the School Board since 1890, and is attended by 107 boys. It is endowed with 20 acres of land, left by Thomas Whitehead, in 1720, to the school formerly at Hardwick.

The manor of Stainsby was given by William the Conqueror to Boger de Poictou. In the reign of King John it came into the family of Savage, who held it by the service of rendering annually a sore hawk, that is a hawk of the first year. Sir John Savage was knighted at the battle of Agincourt, and his grandson, Thomas Savage, was transferred from the bishopric of London to the archi- episcopal see of York in 1501. He was more of a courtier and a sportsman than an ecclesiastic, and it is said of him that his chief delight was " in the sound of the huntsman's horn and the baying of his dogs." The manor remained with his faunily till 1580, when Sir John Savage conveyed the estate to Lord Chancellor Bromley, by whom it was transferred to Sir William Cavendish. There was, according to tradition, an ancient chapel here, but not a trace of it now remains.

A School Board of seven members was formed in 1890 for the united distriot of Ault Hucknall, Glapwell and Heath, and the various schools were taken over on the 1st of November, 1890.

Ghabttiks. - WUHam Derry, in 1794, left all his personal property, amounting to £59 Ss. lOd.^ for the benefit of the poor. The money was invested in the three per cent, consols, and the dividends (£3 Ss. 6d.) are given to the poor. The sum of £5 lOs. is received from the Rev. Francis Gisbome's charity, and distributed in warm clothing.

United District School Boabd.

Chairman, Charles Snow ; Viee-Chaifmian, Geo. Eaton ; Messrs. Wm. Haslam, James Grant, Rev. Fredk. Brodhurst, - Shemwell, William Whetton ; Clerk, Arth. Barker, Esq., solicitor,

Chesterfield ; School Attendance Officer, Wm. Eaton, Rowthome Deputy Registrar for Birtfis and Deaths - Wm.

Poor Rate Collector - Wm. Eaton, Rowthorne

Doe Lea Poet Office - ^Edward Glassbrook, receiver. Deliveiy 7-45 a.m. ; despatch 5-25 p.m., week-days only. Hairatoft - Wall-box collection, 3-80 p.m. Rowthorne - Wall-box, 4-45 p.m. Letters via Chesterfield.

Names marked 1 are at Astwith, 2 Hardwick, 8 Harstoft, 4 Rowthome, 5 Stainsby, and

6 Doe Lea.

8 Alvey Mrs. Sarah

Barlow Jph. Wm., colliery mng., Holmewood 8 Bee John, shopkeeper 6 Bland Geoige, hairdresser, Ac. S Blanksby WlUiam George, vict. and farmer,

Hardwick Inn 5 Broadhead Mr. Thomas 1 BrotbezB David, gamekeeper .

8 Brant Elizabeth, schoolmistress

1 Cartwright Joseph, cowkeeper

2 Cavendish Spencer Compton, His Grace the

Duke of Devonshire, Hardwick hall, &o, 8 Clay Samson, vict. and farmer, Shoulder of

Mutton 4 Eaton George, foreman joiner 4 Eaton William, estate joiner, &c.

GREAT BARLOW.

51

one bell. The stained east window is a memorial of Thomas Milnes Smith- Milnes and his wife, and there are also memorial windows to Miss Margaret Smith, of Dunston Hall, and Elizabeth Mary Shipton, daughter of a late incumbent. The ancient monuments have almost all disappeared. Fixed against the wall is a stone coffin lid, on which is sculptured in relief a floriated cross of elegant design. There is a much worn inscription in Norman French to the memory of Juliana, wife of Adam Fraunceis, and an indulgence of 40 days to all who should offer up a prayer for her soul. There is no date, but it is believed to belong to the 13th century. One monument to the Barley family remains - an alabaster slab, bearing the full length figures of a man, in plate armour, and his wife, under pointed canopies. It once covered the tomb of Robert Barley, who died in 1467, and Margaret his wife, parents of Robert Barley, the first husband of the famous Bess of Hardwick. The registers date back to 1573. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the rector of Staveley, and held by the Rev. Cornelius Dyson, M.A. Its gross annual value is £192, with residence, erected by the Duke of Rutland in 1824, and enlarged in 1872.

New schools, with teacher's house, were built in 1872, by subscription, at a cost of £750, exclusive of the site, which was given by the Duke of Rutland. There are two departments, mixed and infants, with a total accommodation for 166 children. It is endowed with £2 148. yearly, left by Susannah Stephenson in 1752. ** Evening Continuation Schools" are also carried on.

The Primitive Methodists have a chapel at Commonside, built by subscription in 1893, at a cost of £408 ; and there is also a United Methodist Free Church, built in 1867, at a cost of £430. It is in the Whittington circuit.

About three-quarters of a mile south of the village is Bole Hill, commanding extensive views of the surrounding country, including, it is said, 20 parish churches. Montgomery, the poet, who was for some time the editor of the Sheffield Iris, has sung the praises of **Bole Hill Trees.'* A day and boarding school was conducted here by the late Mr. Edward Straw for a period of 50 years.

Barlow Woodseats Hall, two miles N.W. from the church, was formerly the residence of the Pranceys family, one of whom is commemorated by a monument in the church. It is now the property of Mrs. Thorold, of Welham Hall, Retford, and has long been occupied as a farnihouse.

There are in the parish several scattered hamlets, the names of which are given in the directory.

Charities. - ^Robert Mower, in 1775, left the sum of 20s. yearly for the poor. Poor housekeepers receive £6 Is. Sd. from the bequest of Thomas Stephenson, and £4 7s. from the rent of land, left by Susannah Stephenson. The sum of £6 lis. is received from the Rev. F. Oisbome's Flannel Charity, and £2 15s. 4d. yearly from the bequest of Isaac Tomlinson for deserving poor attending the parish church. There «re also two small charities amounting to 21s. yearly, left hy John Grashaw and John Bargh.

Post and Money Order Office and Savings Bank, Gervase Margereson, postmaster. Letters via

Chesterfield arrive at 7-55 a.m., and are despatched at 5-85 p.m.

Parish Councillors - ^Hy. Bowler, Jph. Caudwell, Chas. Hallatt, John Hy. HoUely, Wm. Hulley,

Peter Margereson, John Morgan. BurcU District Councillor - William Holmes

Baigh Richard, blacksmith

Bradbury - , shopkeeper

.Chapman John, greengrocer

Dale Frdk. Jas., beerseUer, Hare and Hounds

Dale Jfluie L., boot and shoe dealer

Dyson Rev. Cornelius, M.A., vicarage

Holmes John, shopkeeper

.Mazsereson Q^rvase, joiner, builder, and farmer

Needham Henry, vict., New Inn

Nesfield CoUieiy Co., Sheepbridge ; Samuel

Dean, manager Platte Mrs. Aim, grocer, Crowhole Bichaidflon William, shopkeeper . Shemwell James, batcher

SpafEord Mrs. Hannah, shopkeeper

Swinden Thomas, Reservoir house

Sylvester Saml., vict.. Peacock Inn, and farmer

Walker John, grocer

Woodruff John, beerseller. Travellers' Rest

Wright John, mason and builder

FaFmePs.

Adlington George, Moor hall Anthony Mrs. Ann, Moor hall Anthony Thomas, Moor hall Both am Albert, Grange Brown George, Grange Lum Caudwell Joseph, Barlow Lees

BRAMPTON.

65

HutiOQ assigns the honour to Derby ; whilst others claim Canterbury as the place of his birth. The family appears to have become extinct about the year 1600. The hall was the residence of Boger Foljambe in 1526. The house is now occupied by a farmer. The Chesterfield Waterworks Company have two reservoirs at Linacre, constructed in 1855-6. The fishing rights are reserved by the Duke of Devonshire, lord of the manor. Wadshelf, Wadescel in Domesday Book, took its name from Wade, the Saxon owner, who lived in the reign of Edward the Confessor. At the time of the Norman survey the manor belonged to Walter Deincourt, and subsequently it was given by the Musards to Beauchief Abbey. The village is small, and is situated at the south-west extremity of the parish. There is a mission room here. A Wesleyan chapel was erected in 1834, and was thoroughly renovated in 1894. Wigley, a small village half-a-mile north from Wadshelf, was the original home of the Wigleys, who, subsequently in the 15th century, were settled at Wigwell and Middleton. Belmont, a fine old mansion with a tower, surrounded by a park, is the residence of J. E. and W. M. Manlove, Esqrs. ; and Hall Cliffe is occupied by Mr. James Potter. The old hall, taken down in 1872, bore the initials and date, T. W., 1683, on the overmantel. The populous district of Brampton Moor and New Brampton was included in the borough of Chesterfield by the Borough Extension Bill, which received the Boyal assent June 28, 1892.

Charities. - Endowments, fiunounting to £9 8s. yearly, have been left to the school by various persons ; but since the adoption of the Free Education Act in 1892, the money accruing from these bequests is in the hands of the bankers awaiting disposal by the Charity Commissioners. The dividends from Sir Gilbert Clarke's bequest, left in 1701, amount to £5 10s. yearly, of which three-eighths is received by the vicar, two-eighths by the poor, and the remainder by the school. A rent-charge of £10, out of land at Freebirch, is divided as follows: - To the minister, £3 198. 6d. ; school, £1 15s. ; poor, £4 Ss. John Akroyd, in 1705, gave £300, which was invested in land now producing £14 14s. 6d., which is thus distributed : - To the minister, £9 14s. 6d. ; poor, £3 10s. ; school, £1 10s. The sum of £84 2s. 8d. is received from Foljambe's charity, £6 from Shaw's, 20s. from Hatley*s, 20s. from Boote's, 12s. from Andrew's, the interest of £17 from Tomlinson's, and £6 12s. lid. from Gisbome's.

Post Office, Old Brampton ; John Collis, receiver. Letters, via Chesterfield, arrive about 8 a.m. and are despatched at 5-45 p.m. Post and Money Order Office, Cutthorpe ; postmaster, Clement Needham. Letters, via Chesterfield, arrive 7-10 a.m. and are despatched 5-25 p.m. Post, Money Order Office, and Savings Bank, Holymoorside ; Frederick Furness, post- master. Letters, via Chesterfield, arrive at 8 a.m. and are despatched at 5-55 p.m.

Urban Counciii.

Arthur Bingham, Paul Brailsford, Jno. Hibbert Drabble, James Fisher, Joseph Heath, Wm. MeUand Manlove, Fras. John Margereson, William John Nicholls, James Archer Biggott, Frederick Stanton, and James Wood ; Urban District Guardian- - J. H. Drabble Medical Officer of Health - T>t, J. A. GoodfeUow Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances - Alfred

Copit Clerk - 8. E. Swaffield, Esq. Relieving Officer - Edward Henry Hudson Ooerseeti - James Potter and Joseph Mitchell

Assistant Overseer - C. F. Margereson Registrar of Births and Deaths - W. C. Fumiss RaU Collector (District) - P. Walker Rate Collector (Gas and Water) - J. E. Croft Police CoTistable - Alfred Jennings

School Board.

Chairman, Mr. Manlove ; Vice-Chainnan, Mr. F. Stanton ; J. H. Drabble, Rot. A. Hartley, W. J. Nicholls, S. Ashmore, and Chas. White

Clerk and Correspondent - S. E. Swaffield, Esq., solicitor

Attendance Officer - Peter Walker

Marked 1 reside at Ashgate, 2 Brampton Moor, 3 Cutthorpe, 4 Eastmoor, 5 Holymoorside, 6 Loads, 7 Overgreen, 8 Ozenrakes, 9 Pratt Hall, 10 Watshelf, and the rest in Brampton, or where specified.

5 Bingham Arthur, managing clerk

5 Bingham Walter, overlooker

1 Barnes Alf., Esq., J.P.,D.L., Ashgate lodge

1 Barnes Miss, Ashgate house

3 Black William, organist Botham John, Drabble Bower Daniel, Wigley Butler Mrs. Betsy, Brook house Oavlin John, tailor, Brook side Chandler P. H., Esq., J.P., Fairfield Gollis John, boot and shoe maker

6 Dionfield George, dyer

5 Fisher James, overlooker

Greaves Mr. Abraham, Rye Hill house

Greaves Mr. T., Somersall hall 10 Hall John, cowkeeper

Hallett Thomas, manager

Hampton Ketura, Free Birch

Hancock J. T., timber mrohnt.. Abbey Dale 10 Hague Mrs. Jane, Watshelf Green 5 Higginbottom Joe, coal mrchnt., Biversdale

Hill Charles, wheelwright 10 Jackson George, poultry dealer

Jackson George

BKiUIFTON AND BBIMINGTON.

57

Hotels, Inii6 ft Tayems.

8 CuUhorpe Hotel ; Wm.Cavill

5 BulVs Head ; Walter WU-

cookson

Fox dt Ooose; Jas. Hancock

The Lamb; Peter Bonsall

7 Oateinn; BobertIx>we George A Draqon; Mrs. M.

A. Clarke

4 Newlnn\ Pannenas Brown

5 Old Star; Sarah Wilcockaon

8 Peacock ; Geo. Nioholls Boyal Oak (beerbonse) ; M.

Turner Traveller's Rest (b'rbouse); John Mee

Joinera, fto.

5 Dodson Qeorge

7 Hill Charles

Hill John Edward

6 Hopkinson George (and

taxidermist)

8 Nioholls Charles

Shopkeepers.

Bradbuiy Herbert

Fox Elizabeth 8 Froggatt John 5 Haythom Miss Caroline 5 Wothdale Sarah

Stonemasons.

Needham William Turner P. (m.)

Stone Merchants. Fupness J. 6d Co..

blue stone for paving, ana sawmills, Moohay 9 Margereson Thomas TopUs William Biddings Wheatcroft Saml., Kitchen Flat quarry

Tailor.

Caulin Thomas, Pudding Pie hill

BRIMINGTON.

Brimington, an ancient chapelry of Chesterfield, was, by an Order of Council (3rd Septeniber, 1844), constituted a distinct parish for all civil and ecclesiastical purposes. Its area, according to the Overseers' returns, is 1,373 acres, the ratable value £7,983, and the population in 1891 was 4,034. It is in Scarsdale hundred, Chesterfield petty sessional division, county court district, union, rural district and deanery ; and gives a name to a county council electoral divioion. Under the Local Government Act of 1894, ten parish councillors and one district councillor have been assigned to Brimington. The Midland, and the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire railways pass through the parish, and on the latter is Brimington and Sheepbridge Station, about three quarters of a mile distant from the church ; the nearast station on the Midland is Whittington, about one mile distant. J. J. Barrow, Esq., Holmewood, Kent, is lord of the manor and an extensive landowner ; the other proprietors are E. S. P. Burnell, Esq., Winkburn Hall, near Southwell; Mr. John Lingard, Brimington ; B. F. Mills, Esq., C.C, .Tapton Grove, Chesterfield ; and Mr. Charles Baker, Barlborough.

At the time of the Domesday Survey, Brimington was a berewick of Newbold, then in the hands of the king. For several generations it was held by the owners of the manor of Chesterfield, and then passed successively through the families of Breton, Loudham, and Foljambe. From the latter it was purchased, about the year 1800, by John Dutton, Esq.; and it subsequently passed into the possession of the Barrow family.

The village is situated on the Barlborough road, two miles south from Chesterfield. The old chapel, dedicated to St. Michael, was pulled down (with the exception of the tower) in 1808, and rebuilt at a cost of £850 ; the tower having been previously rebuilt by Joshua Jebb in 1796. It was again rebuilt and enlarged, and the tower considerably raised, in 1846. There is sitting accommo- dation for 572, and 365 seats are free and unappropriated in consequence of a grant of £200 from the Incorporated Society for Building Churches. The interior of the roof was repaired in 1892, and the chancel arch re-decorated at a cost of £130, by subscription. The east window - a memorial of the late Mrs. Mills, of Tapton Grove - ^was inserted in 1894. The living is a rectory, worth £200 yearly (with residence), in the gift of the vicar of Chesterfield, and held by the Bev. E. E. Blumhardt, B.A. There is a Mission Church - a corrugated iron structure - dedicated to St. Mary, on Brimington Common, in charge of the curate, the Bev. L. S. Currey, B.A.

The first Nonconformist chapel was erected by the Wesleyans in 1806. A new school chapel was erected in 1881, at a cost of £660. The structure is also used tor lectures, entertainments, &o. The Primitive Methodists have chapels at Brimington, New Brimington, and Brimington Common; and there is also a United Methodist Free Church, built in 1861.

CHESTEBFIELD. 63

of the winds and weather are painfully apparent in various parts of the edifice where the stones are mouldering away. The registers commence in 1558, and under the date October, 1586, is written '' Here began the great plague of Chesterfield," and uhe pestilence made its appearance again in 1608. The living is a vicarage worth £300 per annum, formerly in the gift of the Dean of lincoln, now in the patronage of the Bishop of Southwell, and held by the Hon. and Rev. G. J. Littleton, M.A.

In connection with the church there was formerly a guild dedicated to "Our Blessed Ladye and the Holy Crosse," founded in the reign of Eichard I., and endowed with lands and tenements worth £19 yearly, for the maintenance ot two or three priests to celebrate Mass and other Divine services. These guilds were societies or fraternities instituted for the protection of trade, the individual rights of the members, and the support of needy brethren. They consisted of employers and employes, and were, in fact, the prototypes of the modern trades unions, differing only in this, that they possessed all the advantages of the latter, without their evils. There were also in the church two chantries dedicated respectively to St. Mary Magdalen and St. Michael; and the guild had its chapel of the Holy Cross.

There were within the town and in the immediate vicinity, other chapels and religious houses, but these were swept away at the Reformation. The Hospital of St. Leonard, which was devoted to the care of lepers, stood near the Bother, on a aite which still bears the name of Spittal. The chapel of St. Helen stood on the site of the present grammar school; another, dedicated to St. Thomas, was situated in Holywell Street, and a third was at Lord's Mill Bridge.

The church of All Saints' sufficed for the wants of the town until 1837, when Holy Trinity Church was erected on Newbold Boad. This edifice is a neat Gothic structure consisting of a very small chancel, nave, and a western tower. The latter is surmounted by an arcaded parapet with corner pinnacles, and contains a dock and one bell. The site was given by the Duke of Devonshire, and the total cost of erection was £3,700. In 1889 the sum of £1,500 was expended in repairs and improvements. The organ was the gift of Dr. Hart, and cost £250. The chancel is Ughted by three handsome stained glass windows, the central one being a memorial of George Stephenson, of railway celebrity, who died at Tapton House in 1846, and lies buried here. The parish comprises parts of Chesterfield, Newbold, and Tapton. The living is a rectory worth £310 a year, with residence, in the gift of three trustees, and held by the Bev. Noel Lake Aspinall, M.A.

Christ Church, a chapel-of-ease to Holy Trinity Church, situated at Stone Gravels, was erected in 1869. It is a small edifice of stone in the Norman style, consisting of chancel and nave, with bell turret. Adjoining is a burial ground. There is also a Mission Boom in Albert Street.

The Catholic Church, dedicated to St. Mary of the Annunciation, is a substantial stone edifice in the Gothic style, and considerably enlarged about 20 years ago, at a cost of £5,000. The tower remains incomplete through lack of funds. The interior comprises sanctuary, nave, and north and south aisles, each divided from the nave by six arches. A noble Gothic arch forms the entrance to the sanctuary, where stands the high altar, flanked on either side by statutes of the Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph. The altar with its high pinnacled tabernacle is plain but graceful ; and behind it is a beautiful pictorial window, inscribed '' To the glory of God. W. P. Arkwright, of Sutton Scarsdale, and Agnes Mary, his wife, 1884. Pray for us." On the south side of the high altar is the Lady altar, ornamented with curiously carved figures on oak panels. A statue of our Saviour stands at the right hand side of the chancel arcb. This is an exquisite piece of sculpture in marble and cost £120 ; at the opposite side is the pulpit of marble and gritstone, elaborately carved. At the east end of the south aisle is the altar of St. Joseph, and above it is a stained glass window displaying St. George and St. AugOBtine, a memorial of Anthony and Mary Payton. Along the north wall are St. Ignatius, the Blessed Virgin, and the Pieta. The gallery at the west end oontaiDS a handsome Qxgan, built by Willis, of London, at a cost of £1,200, and

CHESTBBFIELD. 67

also small estates here. The rateable value is £2,534, and the population in 1891 was 609. The soil is various, blue and yellow clay, and in some places very stony. Both coal and iron were formerly worked in the township, and for some time there was a blast furnace in operation. Goal was also supplied to the furnaces at Duckmanton. There is reason to believe that sufficient coal remains to leave a margin of profit in working it ; and the experiment is now under trial, by John Blair & Sons, of Brampton, at Allpits colliery.

The village of Galow is situated on the Clowne road, two miles east from Chesterfield. A church, dedicated to St. Peter, was erected here in 1865. It consists of nave, chancel, with a bell cot and tower at the west end surmounted by a spire. The tower and spire, from the stringcourse upwards, were completed in 1887, and three bells procured at an expense of £600, which was defrayed by the late Mrs. Walker, of Calow House. The same lady subsequently inserted a stained glass window in memory of her niece, Helen Mona Charlton. Surrounding the church is a burial ground, which is restricted to residents in the township. The Rev. E. W. W. Templeton is curate-in-charge. The Congregation alists and Primitive Methodists have also chapels in the village ; to that of the former is attached a small cemetery. The national school, built in 1855 and enlarged in 1878, has accommodation for 126 children, and an average attendance of 121.

Adjoining the high road is Cavalry Field, where the yeomanry cavalry of the Chesterfield district used to train. The view from this field is extensive, and includes many places of interest, Bolsover Castle, Hardwick Hall, Crich Standi Clay Cross Church, and Wingerworth Hall.

Walton is a township and civil parish, extending about four miles south- westerly from Chesterfield. It embraces 2,388 acres of land, belonging chiefly to the Hon. Mrs. Hunloke, Wingerworth Hall, and had in 1891 a population of 1,444, most of whom are employed in the collieries and potteries. The parish is under the jurisdiction of an Urban Council of twelve members, which has taken the place of the Local Board.

The earliest name connected with Walton is that of Hundulph, who held the manor under Edward the Confessor. Soon after the Norman Conquest it was in the possession of the ancient family of Breton. They had a chapel in the manor, and Sir Roger le Breton is said to have obtained a license for a chantry in his chapel of Walton in the reign of Henry III. The family was seated here for several generations, when the direct male line terminated, and Isabel, the heiress, conveyed the estate in marriage to Sir John Loudham. Their daughter and heiress married a Foljambe about the time of Bichard II., and Walton remained in the possession of that family till sold by Sir Francis Foljambe, sometime before his death in 1640, to Sir Arthur Ingram. The next owners were the Fletchers, who were succeeded by the Jenkinsons. William Woodyeare, who had married the widow of Sir Paul Jenkinson, sold it in 1813, and subsequently it came into the possession of the Hunlokes, of Wingerworth. The hall, '* wherein great contynewall housekeeping was mayntayned before in Mr. Foljambe's tyme," is now a farmstead, and every vestige of the chapel has disappeared. In matters ecclesiastical, Walton is under St. Thomas's, New Brampton, and Divine service is held here in a Mission Boom.

Tapton is a small township, embracing 636 acres of land, adjoining the borough of Chesterfield on the N.-B. side. The rateable value is £5,953, and the number of inhabitants 227. At* the time of the Domesday Survey, Tapton was one of the six here wicks or hamlets of the manor of Newbold, then in the possession of the Crown. Subsequently Tapton was held under the Briweres by the Brimingtons, from whom it passed, about the reign of Edward III., to the Btuffins of Shirbrooke. At a later period it was owned by the Durants, and passed thence by an heiress to the Alsops. The latter family in 1673 sold the manor to George Taylor, Esq., whose heir, Sir Charles Scrimshaw, sold the estate to Thomas Gladwin, Esq. In 1746 it was purchased by Dr. Adam Slater, of Chesterfield, whose descendants owned it for three or four generations. It is

CHBSTEBFIELD.

69

Retire in 189S. Willi&m Spooner laaao Eyze

Retire in 189S, Jamea Alexander Maodonald Boweiy Douglas

Retire in 1895. John Parsons Charles P. Bohinson

The Mayor Charles Booth Samuel Burkitt George A. Booth Geozge Booth

COUNOILLOBS.

NoBTH Wabd.

Retire in 1896. William Olossop Bobert MofEatt

South Wabd.

Retire in 1896. Henry Dronfield Thomas Gittos

West Ward.

Retire in 1896. James Pearson William Wrigley

BoBOUQH Maqistbatbs.

Edward Eastwood John Naylor Edward Woodhead John M. Clayton Phillip H. Chandler

Clerk - Francis Stanton.

Retire in 1897. Adam Clarke Locke John Marriott

Retire in 1897, Thomas Wardle Walter Stanton

Retire in 1897. William Bhodes Abraham Greaves

Bowery Douglas James Haslam Willifikm M. Manlove John Marriott

Petty Sessions for the Borough are held at the Municipal Hall, Beetwell-street, every Monday and Thursday at 11 a.m., and for the Chesterfield Division every Saturday at 11 a.m.

County Magistrates

For the Chesterfield Petty Sessional Division.

B. Lucas, Esq. A. Barnes, Esq. A. Carrington, Esq.

J. B. Barrow, Esq. E. W. Barnes, Esq. C. P. Markham, Esq.

Clerk - M.. H. Humble, West Bars.

Borough Officials.

S. Burkitt, Esq. A. G. Barnes, Esq. W. W. Jeudwine, Esq.

Toum Clerk - John Middleton. Office, Gluman

gate Committee Clerk - Charles William Hadfield Treamrer - Geo. Crompton (Crompton, Evans

A Go. Ltd.), High street Medical Officer of Health and Surgeon to the

Police Force - J. E. Gould. M.D. Coftm^ - Charles George Busby Auditor s - Bs^ail. E^wd. Short and Jas. Wright Head Constable - Edward Emery Superintendent of Fire Brigade - Sergt. Bandle B{nvugh Surveyor - N. Dunscombe, Salter gate Assistant Surveyor - Frederick Hopkinson

Borough Accountant and General District Rate

Collector - George Broomhead, Market hall Sewage Works Manager^ - Pilkington Veterinary Inspector - Samuel Webster Martin,

M.B.C.V.S., Holywell street Mace Bearer and Tovm Crier - Paul Bradley Clerk and Inspector of Market - George Broom- head. Assistant Hall Keeper^ - Hancock lAbrarian at Free Library - D. Gorman Bath Keeper - Mrs. Galley, St. Mary's gate Sanitary Inspector - Chas. E. Wood, Salter gate Inspector under Shop Hours Act - Chas. E. Wood Park Keeper - Thomas Wood, Park lodge

County Councillors for the Borough - Messrs. T. P. Wood and J. M. Clayton.

County Court.

Judge - His Honour Judge Smyly, Q.C.

Registrar and High Bailiff - A. E. Hopkins. Office, Market Hall.

This Court is held at the Market Hall, and has jurisdiction in the following places: - Asbgate, Apperknowle, Barlow Great, Barlow Little, Bolsover, Brampton, Brimington, Bole Hill, Cutthorpe, Calow, Cock Alley, Chesterfield, Clay Lane, Clay Cross, Coal Aston, Cowley, Corbriggs, Cartlidge, Danesmoor, Dronfield, Dunstone, Eastmoor, Eokington, Freebirch, Ford, Graasmoor, Gander Lane, Holymoorside, Holmgate, High Lane, Hasland, Heath, Holmsfield, HoUingswood, Hundlow, Handley, Inkersall, Killamarsh, Loads, Lidgate, Marsh Lane, Hoeborough, Milthorpe, Marsden Moor, Mickley, Newbold, Norbriggs, Oxcroft, Poolsbrook, Biddings, Benishaw, Bidgeway, Stanfree, Stubley, Summerwood, Spinkhill, Stonegravels, fitaveley, Seymour, Sutton-Cum-Duckmanton, Sheepbridge, Troway, Tapton, Temple Normanton, Tupton, Unstone, Unthank, Whaley, Wadshelf, Wheeldon Mill, Woodhouse, Woodthorpe, Walton, Wbittington, Wingerworth, Wingfield North, Woodthorpe (near Clay Cross), and White

OHBSTEBFIEIiD.

Tl

OaBBDBBS to and FBOH CHSSTEBFIBLD^Con^tnil^.

WHXBB TO.

Gntiborpe ,

Do

Dxonfield

Dnckmanton ...., Do.

Edensor ,

£yftm ,

Foolow

Do

Qlapwell ,

Grassmoor ,

Handley ,

Heath

Do

Higham

Holymoorside

Do

Matlock ,

Mansfield

Do

Do

Newbold ,

Norbriggs ,

Palterton

Pilsley

Staveley ,

Skegby ,

Do

Shirland ,

Sheffield

Stoney Middleton

Tansley ,

Tibshelf

Tideswell ,

Tupton

Do

Walton

WhitweU

Wmgerworth ,

Worksop ,

NAHX 07 CABBISB.

Nioholls

Walker

J. Riley

Cross

Hunt

Newns

Frith

Robinson ...

Young

Glossop

Hall

Crofts

J. Hayes

Fisher

Bettison

Lowe

Haresnape ... Featherstone

Wilson

Mosley

Hill

Bateman

Jenkinson ...

Spray

Mosley

Jenkinson ...

Wilson

Sutton

Bettison

Riley

Frith

Featherstone

Thorpe

Robinson

Sutton

Wilson

Featherstone Jenkinson ...

Kniveton

Jenkinson ...

INNS WHSBB FOUND.

Mallet and Tool.

Blue Bell

Blue Bell

Red Lion

Anchor

Old Angel

Mallet and Tool

Sun

Bird in Hand.... Hol3rwell Cross . Prince of Wales Mallet and Tool Three Tuns .... Prince of Wales Three Tuns ....

Sun

Sun

Bird in Hand.... Prince of Wales

Red Lion

Red Lion

Blue Bell

Angel

Red Lion

Red Lion

Angel

Prince of Wales Three Tuns .... Three Tuns ....

Blue Bell

Mallet and Tool Bird in Hand....

Peacock

Sun

Three Tuns .... Prince of Wales Bird in Hand....

Angel

Old Angel

Angel

DAYS THEY LEAVE CHBSTBB7IELD.

Saturday

Monday, Saturday

Monday, Wed., Friday

Saturday

Tuesday, Saturday

Tuesday, Saturday

Saturday

Saturday

Saturday

Saturday

Mon., Tues.,Wed., Sat.

Saturday

Saturday

Saturday

Saturday

Saturday, twice

Saturday, twice

Tuesday, Thurs., Sat.

Tues., Wed., Fri., Sat.

Wednesday, Saturday

Monday, Friday, Sat.

Saturday, twice

Thursday, Saturday

Saturday

Wednesday, Saturday

Thursday, Saturday

Tues., Wed., Fri., Sat.

Tues., Wed., Fri., Sat.

Saturday

Monday, Wed., Sat.

Saturday

Tuesday, Thurs., Sat.

Saturday

Saturday

Tues., Wed., Fri., Sat.

Tues., Wed.. Fri., Sat.

Tuesday, Thurs., Sat.

Thursday, Saturday

Tuesday, Thurs., Sat.

Thursday, Saturday

GENERAL POST OFFICE, High Street ; J. C. Freeman, Postmaster.

Mails Despatched to -

Bamsley, Rotherham, Sheffield, Leeds, York, Liverpool, Manchester, and the North... 1 a.m.

Alfreton and District 4-20 a.m.

Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, Rotherham, Norman ton, Hull, London, Derby, i- '^ Nottingham, Birmingham, Leicester, Buxton, Bakewell, Matlock, Ashbourne,

Belper, Burton-on-Trent, Ripley, Tamworth, and the Potteries 10 a.m.

Leeds, Yock, and the North 12 a.m.

London, West of England, Derby, Sheffield, and Birmingham 12-45 p.m.

Derby, Nottingham, Barrow Hill, Whittington Moor, and Bolsover 2 p.m.

Sheffield, Clay Cross, Staveley, and Renishaw 2-50 p.m.

Nottingham 5 p.m.

Sheffield 6-30 p.m.

London 6-15 p.m.

Liverpool, Manchester, Buxton, Lancashire, Cheshire, the Potteries, Scotland, Ireland,

Isle of Man, United States, and Canada 7-45 p.m.

Sheffield, Noimanton, York, Manchester, Liverpool, and the North 8-80 p.m.

London, Birmingham, Burton-on-Trent, Derby, Leicester, Nottingham, and the South 11 p.m.

Deliveries. There are foax deliveries daily, commencing at 6-45 a.m., 10-45 a.m., 8-15 p.m., and 7-15 p.m.

CHESTBBFIELD AND CLAY OBOSB.

83

Hftmpson, John, Yew cottage

Heathcote WiUiam, Low AUey

Hopkinson John, Ridding

Middleton Wm. (and cattle dealer), Somerset hs

Naylor Edwin James, Lodge farm

Parker Joseph, Billmore

Parker William, Allpits

Turner George, Nether house, Hasland

White William, Sycamore cottage

Winter John, Primrose cottage

TAPTON.

Postal address, Tapton, Chesterfield. Wall Box at Eastwood's. Collections on week-days, at

8-15 a.m., 12-0 noon, 4-dO, 6-45, and 7-50 p.m. Rural District CounciUor - Joseph Hancock.

Burr Walter, schoolmaster (Chesterfield),

Manor honse Eastwood Edward, railway wagon builder, &c.\

k Tapton villa Harkham Mrs. Rosa, Tapton house Meakin Geo., market gardener, Rose cottage Smith James William, Dryhurst Turner Mrs. Elizabeth, Murray house Wright Mrs. Elizabeth, Moorside Ryland Joseph, fann baiM, Dobbin Olough

FaFmers,

Belfitt William, Cote house

Buxton Wm., Oldfield house

Clark Edward Richard Cooper, Swaldale

Cundy Henry, Lockoford

Green Mrs. Hannah, Sidling

Hancock Joseph, Plover Hill

Petre George, Rock

Sharpe George

Wright Jesse, Tapton hall

WALTON.

Poit Office, Walton; William Milne, Receiver. Letters, via Chesterfield, are delivered at

7-10 a.m., and are despatched at 6-35 p.m.

Urban Parish Councillors - Arthur Bingham, Paul Brailsford, John B^bbert Drabble, James Fisher, Joseph Heath, William Melland Manlove, Francis John Margereson, William John inchoUs, James Archer Riggott, John Riggott, Frederick Stanton, James Wood.

Urban District Guardian - Frederick Stanton.

Broomhead Mrs. Ann, Hunger hill

Driver Ohadea, market gardener

Hay Isaac, miller, Walton mill

Humble Mansfeldt, Esq., Walton house

Jendwine William Wj^e, Walton lodge

Locke Adam Clarke, Walton grove

Lowe Mrs. A Sons

Manlove S. & Sons, sewing cotton manufac- turers, Holymoorside

Marriott William, gardener, Walton house

Milner William, coUiery deputy

Parker Samuel, joiner

Plowright Brothers, ironfounders

Rotheraam Robert, joiner

Turner Joseph, stone merchant. Stone Edge ; ik Worrall

Famiers.

Barlow William (and butcher)

Booker James

Bown Mrs. Faith

Brailsford Paul, Lodge

Buxton Joseph Anthony, Walton hall

Cauldwell Joseph, Grange Wood

Clayton Ann, Allison house

Curzon William, Spring house Dronfield Charles, Stone Edge Dronfield Francis, Walton hay Gregory William, Hollow Hartley Mrs. Hannah, High house Hursthouse Francis Jackson Thomas, Stone Edge Johnson Herbert, Stone Edge Kay Joseph, Back lane Lowe John, Back lane Lowe Joseph, Hill top Madin Stephen, Woodside Riggott James Archer, Yew tree Simpson Henry, Rose farm Smith William, Stone Edge Swain William, Back lane Taylor Charles, Back lane Wheatley Alfred, Stone Edge White George, Broad gorse White William, Stone Edge

Hotels, Inns, and Beerhonses.

Blue StoopSf Charles Brocklehnrst (& farmer) White Hart, James Marshall

CLAY CROSS.

Clay Cross or Clay Lane, formerly a township in the parish of North Wing- field, is now for all civil and ecclesiastical purposes independent. The area of the civil parish is 1,292 acres, ratable value £15,848, and the population in 1891 was 7,143. The boundaries of the ecclesiastical parish are not coincident with those of the civil parish, and embrace 3,926 acres, with a population of 6,977. The Clay Cross Coal and Iron Co. and W. Gladwyn Turbutt are the principal landowners. The parish is in Scarsdale hundred; petty sessional division of Alfreton; anion, county court district and deanery of Chesterfield.

Clay Cross lies within the great midland coalfield, with its wealth of iron ore, and to ibis curoomstance the place owes its prosperity. At the commencement

HABLANDtf

87

Hasland was included in the extensive grant of land which King John made to William Briwere, and it subsequently passed by an heiress to Ralph de Midleham. A younger branch of the Leakes was for many generations settled at Hasland Old hall.

At Spital, in this parish, formerly stood the leper hospital of St. Leonard, noticed under Chesterfield.

Oroismoor is a scattered hamlet extending from one to two miles.

Po$tj Money Order, Telegraph Office, and Savings Bank. - Letters, via Chesterfield, arrive at 6-40 a.in., and are despatched at 7-0 p.m. ; postmaster, Frederick Cooper.

Post Office, Birdholme ; Mrs. Mary Ann Whale, receiver. Delivery 6-25 a.m. ; despatch 6-55 p.m.

Post Office, Corbriggs ; Reuben White, receiver. Delivery 7-15 a.m. despatch 6-50 p.m.

Post, Money Order Office, and Savings Bank, Grassmoor ; William John We&tbrook, postmaster. Delivery 7-15 a.m. ; despatch 6-10 p.m.

Parish Councillors - Wm. Carter, Walter N. Randall, Wm. John Westbrook, John Ball, Wm. Charlton, Tfaos. Beach, J. J. Hill, W. Sexton, Michael Wheeldon, Fdk. Famsworth

Rural District Councillor - ^Mrs. C. P. Markham

School Boabd.

Chairman, Arthar Saxton ; vice-chairman, Thomas Gittos ; Paul Wheatcroft, Rev. William Barnes, and George William Cooper

Clerk and Solicitor - Mr. W. T. Jones

Attendance Offi4:er - Sergeant Sanders County Councillor - Bernard Lucas, Esq., J.P. Overseers - William Charlton & George Austin Assistant Overseer and Collector of Poor Rate and Income Tax - E. B. Brownlow, 44 Holy- well street, Chesterfield Relieving Officer - E. H. Hudson, Chesterfield Medical Officer of Health - Dr. Angus Mackintosh Sanitary Inspector - E.S. Robinson, Chesterfield Registrar of Births and Deaths - W. C. FurnisSf SfiJtergate, Chesterfield

Marked b reside at Birdholme and g at Grassmoor.

Affleck John, colliery engineer pAostin George, oolUery manager Bannerman Miss Louisa, Hazlehurst Barnes Rev. Wm., rector and rural dean Brailaford Samuel, joiner and builder, Hady Brown David & Sons, builders and contractors ;

h Ashfield 6Carter Wm., cashier. Wiugerworth ironworks Claughton Miss Catharine, Hasland house iCooper Mr. Harry Rice Fcary Thomas, milliner and fancy draper

f Fletcher Reuben, shoemaker landby Mr. William, Calow lane Hallam Edwin, boot and shoe maker Harold Edgar, boot and shoe maker HiokUng Henry, parish clerk gHiU Andrew, hairdresser Hill Elizabeth, dressmaker Hoole James, joiner and builder Hopldns Arthur Ernest, Esq., White bank

Jackson Geo., loco, sunt., Park Hill house

^Jowett Mrs. Susannah, milliner

Markham Chas. Paxton.Esq., J.P., Hasland hall

dMarsh Charles, shoemaker

Meakin Mrs. Isabella

Miller Wm. Alex., steward, Hasland house

Norman Mr. George, Winsick

pOxley John A., draper and clothier

^Platts Mr. John

Randall Arthur, higgler (and farmer/

^Reddish George, hairdresser

Shaw John, furnace manager

/(Waller Mrs. Hannah, The Cottage

li Waring Archibald, tobacconist

^Westbrook Wm. John, boot and shoe dealer

and newsagent gWheeldon Michael, New street Windle Fras , colliery manager Wingerworth Iron Co., Arthur Carrington, J.P.,

managing partner

TRADES AND PROFESSIONS.

Blacksmiths.

Evans John

pFretwell Eusebius (& farmer)

Batchers.

6El8e Joseph

6Hadfield Sml. (pork) & farmer

^Holmes John B. {& ^rmer),

Aahover Lovre Francis pLysam James

Nopman Jas. (& grocer

and beer retailer) Calow lane

Colliery Owners.

Biewis Geo., Boythorpe honse Gxanmoor Colliery Go , Ltd. ;

leereiaiy, Mr. Geo. Leach ;

manager, T. D. Atkinson

Farmers.

/iBlockley John

Brailsford Herbert ; h Qreen

6Brunt Mrs. Urania

(/Cawthome Edward

6Crooks John

Eirans James, cowkeeper

bGkkrrad William

Gelsthorpe Wm., Hasland Gn

Hall WiUiam

HoUingworth Wm., Hasland

Green Jepson James ^Johnson Benjamin Lowe Francis

gMetcalfe Jno. {& fum. rmyr.) Metcalfe Joseph, Manor house pMorley James pMosB Bobert (bailiff)

^Platts Mrs. Isabella ^Robinson George Unwin Joseph,Meadows house White Charles

Grocers.

^Bamford Samuel ^Beecroft Wm. (<& beer retlr.) grBrailsford William Clark Joseph, Calow lane ^Clay Cross Pioneer Co-op.

Scty. ; Jph. Wheatley, mgr. ^Coupe Wm. (& beer retailer) grCowley John (/Hartshorn Isaac ^/Hartshorn Bebecca Hasland Co-op. Scty. ; Geo. W.

Cooper, sec; Hy Clark, mgr. Hill James and butcher) Hoades Isaac {& beer retailer)

HEATH AND LANOWITB BA8SETT.

89

A school was founded here in 1687. The present premises were erected in 1821, and greatly enlarged and improved in 1868. A classroom was added in 1880. The school is attended by about 80 children, and is liberally supported by his Grace the Duke of Devonshire.

About a mile from the village is Owlcotes, a farm in the occupation of Mr. William Whetton. Here stood one of the three stately mansions erected by the Countess of Shrewsbury, who was known in her time as Bess of Hard wick. The mansion and estate passed by the marriage of Frances Cavendish, her daughter, to Sir H. Pierrepoint, ancestor of Lord Manvers, the present owner. Francis Pierrepoint, Esq., who died in 1707, was the last of that branch of the family ; and it is probable that the house was taken down after his death.

Doe Lea Cottages is a small colliery village, partly in this parish and partly in Ault Hucknall. The Primitive Methodists have a chapel here, built in 1892.

Heath is one of the parishes benefitted by the Flannel Charity, left by the Bev. Francis Gisborne. The sum of £5 10s. is received yearly, and is distributed in warm clothing amongst poor women.

Post, Money Order, Telegraph Office, and Savings Bank ; Samuel Hardwiok, postmaster. Letters via Chesterfield. Deliyery, 7-15 a.m. ; despatch, 6 p.m.

Parish Councillors - James Grant, Charles Hardwick, William Bome, William Whetton, and the

Bev. Frederick Brodhurst. Rural District Councillor - James Grant.

AlftTftnder Bev. J. Frederick, carate, Hardwick

Grange, Ault Hacknall Bennett William, tailor, Ac. Brodhurst Bev. Frederick, M.A., vicar Didham Chas., coal owner (Hardwick Colly. Co.) Grant James, wood steward for the Duke of

Devonshire Footitt Lucy, lodgings Fretwell Thomas, cowkeeper Hardwick Samuel, grocer and butcher Houldsworth William, blacksmith, &o, Holmewood Colliery (the Hardwick Colliery

Co.) ; Joseph W. Barlow, manager Kettringham Mrs. A., lodgings Bipon Miss Margaret Ann, schoolmistress Robinson Annie, lodgings, 8 Bailway ter Bobinson David, foreman platelayer Borne William, viot., Elm Tree Bowland Joseph, farm bailifiF Sheppard William, painter and decorator Toft George, joiner and wheelwright Turner Enoch, grocer, &c.. Doe Lea Ward Mrs. Ellen, West end

White William Pearce, grocer Whitworth Frank, blacksmith

Farmers.

Abbey Charles

Bacon William

Hardwick Charles, Ivy farm

Hardwick Samuel

Hardwick William

Naylor John

Boberts James, High house

Sansom John

Saunders Joseph

Shemwell James

Smith Samuel

Toft Thomas

Varley William

Watkinson George

Whetton William, Owlcotes

Zoule John Albert

Railway Conveyaiice.

Heath Junction (M., S. & L.) ; Thomas Penney- ston, station master

LANGWITH BASSETT,

Or UPPER LANGWITH, is a parish, township, and village on the border of Nottinghamshire, containing 1,463 acres, including 261 acres of woodland. The ratable value is £2,566, and the population in 1891 was 274. The Midland Kail- way passes through the parish, and the new East-to- West line now in course of construction also intersects it. The Duke of Devonshire, Earl Bathurst, and Messrs. W. & S. Burkitt, of Chesterfield, are the principal landowners. The Duke of Devonshire is lord of the manor. The parish is in the hundred of Scarsdale, county council division of Heath, petty sessional division of Chester- field, onion and county court district of Mansfield, rural district of Blackwell, and deanery of Staveley. One rural district councillor has been assigned to Lang with. Langwith is not one of the Domesday manors. The earliest mention of the place is in the reign of Henry II., when Balph Deincourt gave the advowson of the church to the newly-founded priory of Thurgarton, in Nottinghamshire. In the fourteenth century the manor belonged to the Bassetts, and that name was

NEWBOLD AND DUN8TAN. 91

puddling furnaces and two rolling mills. The manufacture bf stoneware is also extensively carried on here by Messrs. Pearson & Co. and S. M. Lancaster. The business of the former firm was established upwards of a century ago, and gives employment to over 500 hands. Messrs. Pearson & Go. are also proprietors of Highfield Colliery.

When the Norman Survey was taken the manor of Newbold formed part of the demesne of the Grown. Its importance at that time may be inferred from its extent, for it included the here wicks or hamlets of Chesterfield, Boythorpe Brimington, Eckington, Tapton, and Whittington. It passed out of the royal possession in the reign of John, who gave it with several other manors to William Briwere. It afterwards passed by the marriage of a co-heiress to Baldwin Wake, whose descendant gave it to the monks of Welbeck. The Abbot of Beauchief also held some lands in Newbold at the time of the dissolution of religious houses, but it is not known how they came into his possession. Henry VIII. granted Newbold to Sir William West, whose son Edmund sold it in 1570 to Anthony and Gervasrf Eyre. This family is one of the numerous offshoots from the Eyres of Hope, but unlike many of the other branches, it has maintained through all the days of persecution, an unwavering attachment to the old religion. The manor and estate passed into other hands about sixty years ago, but the family still retains posses- sion of the old chapel. This edifice bears unmistakable signs of great antiquity, and was in all probability the mother church of Chesterfield. It is very plain and of small dimensions, 36 feet by 15 feet. There is no record of a church at New- bold in Domesday Book, but this old chapel must have been erected soon after the completion of that interesting document, as the carved semi -circular tympanum over one of the small entrances belongs undoubtedly to the Norman period. The windows belong to the 14th century. The sacred edifice has long been in a dilapidated condition, and was for sometime used as a cowhouse. It stands in a field near the village, and has recently been surrounded with a railing, and a tall stone cross erected in the enclosed ground. It is used as a burial place by the Eyres; and on the walls are sixteen mural tablets to various members of the family. The Eyres maintained the Catholic worship here in the days when their religion was proscribed, and mass is still said on the anniversaries of those members whose remains are here deposited. In one of those outbursts of religious intolerance which characterised the reign of William III., a Protestant mob attacked the chapel, broke the monuments and tombstones and almost demolished the building.

The village of Newbold, H miles N.W. from Chesterfield, is pleasantly situated on an eminence, which commands extensive views of the well-wooded country aronnd. The parish church, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, is situated at Littlemoor. It is a small stone building, erected in 1857, at a cost of about £1,000. The south porch is surmounted by an octagonal spire containing one bell. The style is Gothic, but the fabric does not possess any architectural pretensions. The east window is filled with richly stained glass, representing amongst other subjects the Crucifixion ; and beneath this, is an old oak reredos bearing the date 1698. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £280, with resi- dence, in the gift of the Vicar of Chesterfield, and held by the Rev. Llewellyn Cutlack, B.A.

The Wesleyans have a chapel at Littlemoor, and another at Newbold Moor. At the latter place there is a capacious Congregational Church, built in 1877, at a cost of £1,500 ; and the Primitive Methodists have a small chapel at Newbold, erected in 1890, at a cost of £450.

The earliest provision for educational purposes was made by Geo. Milnes, Esq., who, in 1784, divised 2 acres 3 roods of land, to which the lord of the manor added 7 acres 2 roods of waste, on which a school with master's residence was built in 1805. New school premises were erected in 1860, capable of accom- modating 240 children. A School Board of seven members was formed about ten years ago, and a school for girls and infants erected. The accommodation pro- vided is DOW fully occupied, and a new school is in course of erection.

PLEA8LEY AND SOABCLIFFE.

101

Pletoher Miss Hannah Plint William, batcher and grocer PowlerMrs. Amelia Frost William, hairdresser Pumiss Peter, batcher

Harvey Rev. Fdk., chaplain, Staffynwood Hall Green Bdward, vict., (Hte Kay William, newsagent Lobb William, sho^eeper Paget Jph., Esq.yJ.P., i D.L.,Sta£Enywood Hall Parr CathaJrine, lodgings Kicholson Hannah, dressmaker Robinson John, confectioner Rodgers Harvey, tailor

Rodgers Henry, grocer ft provision dealer, wine and spirit merchant & beer retailer, Main st Sanday Wm., farm bailiff, Stuffynwood Smith Horace, vict., Indostry Inn Spavoand William, shopkeeper

Ward Miss Harriet

Ward Miss Mary, dressmaker

Winter Alfred, farm bailiff

Farmers.

Green George, Roseland farm

Hurt George

Marriott Martha

Nicholson Joseph

Nicholson Joseph, jonr.

Reddish Herbert

Wilson William

Wragg William (and parish clerk)

Wright Joseph

ConYeyance.

Midland (Mansfield and Worksop Branch) Henry Woods, stationmaster

STONEY HOUGHTON.

Letters by Mansfield. Wall Box ; collections, 10-30 a.m. and 4-25 p.m

Wass John, vict., Devonshire Arms

Farmers.

Booth John Clarke William

Cutler John Henry Dodsley Robert Dodsley Robert, junr. Haslam Richard Lawrence Benjamin

SCARCLIFFE.

This is a parish and township of considerable extent, comprising 3,954 acres, of which 3,765 are under assessment; ratable value £10,610, and population (1891) 1,157. The principal landowners are Earl Bathurst (lord of the manor), Cirencester ; Major Hallowes, Glapwell Hall, Chesterfield ; Edward Chaddock Lowndes, Esq., Castle Combe, Wiltshire ; Mrs. Jane Scorer, Scarcliffe Park ; Samuel Skelton, Warsop ; and Joseph Shacklock, Palterton. The parish is in the hundred of Scarsdale, county council division of Heath, county court district and union of Mansfield, rural district of Black well, petty sessional division of Chesterfield, and deanery of Staveley. For carrying out the provisions of the Parish and District Councils Act, seven parish councillors and one rural district councillor have been assigned to Scarcliffe. The Midland railway passes through the parish, and the new east to west line, now in course of construction, will also intersect it. The latter railway will be carried through the hills by a tunnel between Scarcliffe village and Bolsover. The Lang with colliery is in this parish. The seam worked is the Top Hard, and a considerable number of hands are employed.

The manor of Scarclifife was held, at the time of the Domesday Survey, by Ralph Fitzhubert. His grandson, Hubert Fitzralph, built a church here, ana gave the advowson to Darley Abbey ; to which also the rectorial tithes were subsequently appropriated. A co-heiress of this, or another Hubert Fitzralph, married Anker de IVecheville, whose grandson of the same name joined Simon de Montford, and the other rebellious barons, against Henry III. His lands in Scarcliffe were seized by the King, and divided between the Prior of Newstead and Robert de Grey. The former had a park here in 1330. In 1544 the manor was granted to George Pierrepoint, and in 1690 it was purchased by Sir Peter Apsley, from whom it descended, through a female, to the Bathursts.

The village of Scarcliffe is situated six miles N.W. from Mansfield, eight miles S.E. from Chesterfield, and two miles from Bolsover station, on the Clown and Doe Lea branch of the Midland railway. The church (St. Leonard's) is an ancient edifice of stone, and consists of chancel, nave, north aisle, and tower at the west end. The old tower, which was surmounted by a spire, having become unsafe, was taken down in 1842, and rebuilt as at present. It contains four bells.

BRADWELL.

118

The Bagshaws had formerly a considerable estate here. John Bagshaw, Esq., of Litton and Great Hucklow, was high sheriff of the county in 1696. The last heir (male) of this branch died in 1721, and his only sister and heiress conveyed the estate to her husband, Aymer Eich, Esq. The principal part of the estate was purchased some years ago by John Badford, Esq., of Smalley, and is now in the possession of his descendant.

The village of Great Hucklow is situated 2J miles N.E. from Tideswell, and about the same distance S. from Bradwell. The population has diminished very considerably since the discontinuance of lead mining, and the many tenantless houses give the place a saddening aspect. The Wesleyans have a neat chapel here, erected in 1806. It will seat 200, and is in the Bradwell circuit. The Bev. William Bagshaw, the celebrated Nonconformist divine (commonly styled ** the Apostle of the Peak"), brother of the above John Bagshaw, Esq., is said to have preached in Great Hucklow, and to have established the Presbyterian congre- gation here. The Unitarian chapel was built in 1796, and the minister's house in 1887.

This township is in the Western parliamentary division, Tideswell electoral division, and forms with Grindlow a united parish under the Local Government Act of 1894.

Little Hucklow is an adjoining township containing 561 acres, ratable value £636, and population 120. Colonel Shuttleworth, John Thornhill, Esq., and Charles Hatfield are the principal landowners. The village is about 2 miles N.N.E. from Tideswell and IJ from Bradwell. It has suffered severely by the cessation of the mining industry in the neighbourhood, and the number of inhabitants is little more than one-fourth of what it was in 1831. Empty houses meet the eye on every side, and desolation reigns supreme. Little Hucklow is united with Hazle- badge for the election of a rural district councillor.

BBADWELL PABISH.

Post, Money Order, Savings Bank, and Annuity Office ; Thomas Middleton, postmaster. Letters, i3ia Sheffield, arrive 8^45 a.m., and are despatched 5-15 p.m. Nearest Telegraph Office and Bailwaj Station, Hope, 1^ miles. Smalldale Letter Box cleared 4-50 p.m. ; Ohurch Street, 5-0 p.m.

Parish Councillors - Bobert Tanfield (chairman), John Beirber, Lnther Morton, George Bancroft,

Stephen Dakin, and James A. Gramond. Rural District Councillor - ^Thomas Somerset.

Bradwell School Board - Rev, R. S. Bedfem (chairman), Stephen Dakin, Robert Hallam, Wm. Bramall, and Z. Walker. Clerk to the Board, John Barber.

Bancroft George, mason

Bancroft Mrs. Jane, apartments, Bridge

Barber John, printer, grocer, and clerk to

School Board Barker Robert, shopkeeper Bennett Richard, baker, Ac. Bird Rev. George, M.A., Vicarage 'B6bkmg Abraham, shoemiJcer Bradwell Albert, draper and outfitter Bradwell & Co., drapers, &o. Bradwell Spencer Joshua, grocer, &c. Bramall Mrs. Nancy, vict., Bowling Green Lin,

Smalldale Castle Charles, Es^., The Hills Gheetham Mrs. Elizabeth, vict.. Bull's Head Clegg William Johnson, Esq., White Rock hs Clegg John Charles, solicitor ; and at Sheffield Constitutional Club ; John Hallam, secretary Oamond James Allon, tailor, &c. Grompton & Evans (Union Bank, Ltd.) ; J. T.

Cutler, manager Dameley Mr. Alwyn John Dakin John, optician Dakin Samuel, shoemaker Dakin Stephen, shoemikker Dixon Mr. Joeeph Noble, engineer, Woodcroft

Elliott Ernest, mason

Eyre Mr. William, New Nook

Forsdike Mr. W. D.

Fox John, shopkeeper

Green Edward F., letter of furnished house

Hall Mrs. Harriet, vict., Shoulder of Mutton Inn

Hall John, shopkeeper, newsagent, blacksmith

Hall Michael, beerhouse, Bridge Lin; and

livery stable proprietor Hallam Jason, file forger Hallam Stenton Thomas, tailor, &o. Harrison Francis, Melrose cottage Hartle Josiah, chimney sweep Hill Isaac, coal merchant Hill William, vict.. White Hart Inn Jones Rev. John Edmunds (Primitive) Kay William, foreman Liberal Club; Thomas Dakin, caretaker Maltby George, brass turner Middleton Allen, cowkeeper Middleton Anthony, coal dealer Middleton Charles, butcher Middleton Job, hat maker Middleton Philip, cowkeeper Middleton Samuel, cowkeeper Middleton Thomas Henry Howe, general dealer

CHINLEY, BUGSWOBT^i AND BB0WN8IDB. 115

CHINLEY, BUGSWORTH, AND BROWNSIDE

Form a joint township in the ecclesiastical parish of Glossop, and Chapel-en-le- Frith Union. Under the Local Government Act of 1894 they constituted a civil parish, with a council of seven memhers, for the management of parochial affairs. The total area is 3,835 acres, ratable value £9,911, and the population in 1891 was 1,542. The land belongs to several proprietors, the following being the largest owners: - Rev. F. Gawthorn, Joseph C. Braddock, John Braddock, Joseph Broadhurst, Christopher Slack, Mrs. Goodman, Mrs. Hadfield, W. H. G. Bagshawe, J. P., John Hadfield, John Drink water, and William Hadfield.

The surface is roughly broken into bold eminences, the highest of which - Chinley Churn - attains an elevation of 1,493 feet above the sea-level. Crowning the summit are the remains of a Roman camp, from which a magnificent view of the surrounding country is obtained.

Chinlby is a village and extra parochial liberty, situated about 2^ miles N. by W. from Chapel-en-Ie-Frith, and near the station of its own name, on tho Manchester branch of the Midland railway The village is small, and possesses nothing of interest except the old Nonconformist Chapel built in 1711. The congregation was originally formed through the efforts of the Rev. Wm. Bagshaw, better known as " The Apostle of the Peak," who died in 1702. A few charities connected with the chapel are thus noticed on a Benefaction Board: - (1) Tho8. Moult, of Chinley Maze, departed this life on 16th May, 1751, and left £5 to b ) put out to interest, and the interest arising from it to go towards repairing thii place, i 2) Samuel Wood, of Bowden Hall, died 15th April, 1764, and left £200 to be put out to interest for charitable purposes, yearly, for ever, and to be divided equally into four parts - 1st, in bread amongst poor widows and fatherless children belonging to Chapel-en-le-Frith ; 2nd, in bread at Chinley Chapel every Sunday to similar persons ; 3rd, in woollen cloths to the poor of Bowden Edge ; 4th, to the minister of Chinley Chapel for permitting six poor widows free sitting on the north side of such chapel for ever. This charity commenced the 5th day of May, 1765.

The Wesleyans have a chapel at New Smithy, and a Preaching Room at Four Lane Ends.

BuGSWOBTH is a village and hamlet three miles N. from Chapel-en-le-Frith, and ten miles from Glossop. Coal underlies the district ; it is excellent for lime burning, and is largely worked for that purpose. For the convenience of the inhabitants a chapel was erected in 1874 and dedicated to St. James. It is a handsome edifice, in the Gothic style, capable of seating 280 persons, and consist i of chancel, nave, porch, and belfry, containing one bell. The three windows iu the east end are filled with stained glass. The Rev. James Bower is the curate- in-charge. The Primitive Methodists and Congregationalists have chapels here. The former built in 1878, at a cost of £1,300, is a large stone edifice in the Gothic style. The services are conducted by local preachers.

Bbownsidb comprises the hamlets of Upper Fold and Shireoaks. The land is elevated, but yields good crops of grass.

The educational affairs of the parish are managed by a School Board, by whom commodious schools have been erected, at Chinley and Bugsworth.

CHINLEY,

Pogt, Money Order Office, and Savings Bank; H. Gregory, postmaster. Letters, via Whaley Bridge. Deliveiy 8 a.m. ; despatch 8 a.m. and 6-55 p.m. No Sunday business. Nearest Telegraph office at Whaley Bric^ge.

Post Office, Chapel Milton, for stamps, postal orders, and registration. Post mistress, Sarah

BramwelL Delivery 7-80 a.m. ; despatch 9-30 a.m. and 7-30 p.m.

Parish Councillors - -Thos. Hadfield, Thos. Handford, Geo. Goddard, J. L. Proctor, J. W. Broad- hurst, Wm. Simpson (Lower Gave), W. Simpson (New Smithy).

Rural District CauneiUors - J , Drlnkwater, J. Hadfield.

Bchool Board - Jph. 0. Braddock, chairman ; Jno. Drlnkwater, Jno. Braddock, Thos. Handford, Geoig» Ooqper. Clerks. B. Boycott. School Attendance Officer - R, Middleton.

BDBBAOE AMD BUXTON.

119

1 Mo.6ean John, stonemMon, Dake street

1 Moes Herbert, gardener, South view

1 Needham Septhnas, painter, Duke street

1 Oldfield Wm. H., grocer, Macclesfield road

Pexkins Thomas, schoolmaster, Harpur Hill

Plant A Sons, medical robbers and cniropodists

Plant Qeorge, batcher, Macclesfield road

1 Saunders Philip, gardener, Macclesfield road

1 Shelbrook Wm., gaidener. Rose Bank cottage

1 Todd Bobt., foreman, lime works, Dukestreet

1 Todd Thos., blacksmith, Macclesfield road

1 Tunnioliffe John, painter, Duke street

1 Wain John, wheelwright. Green lane

1 Walker Robt. Hy., vict., Dnke of York Hotel

1 Webbe John K, mason. South view

1 Webbe Nelson, coal merchant, Burlington ter

1 Wheeldon Thomas, clerk, Duke street

1 Wilde Thomas Bennel, grocer, Dnke street

1 WooUiscroft Mrs. Elizabeth, South view

Farmers.

8 Bagshawe Thomas

3 Bagshawe William

3 Dempster James

Goodwin Mrs. S. G., Counter's cliff

2 Heathcote Jas., Jumble farm

1 Maicham George, Park view

1 Moss Edwin, South view

2 Mycock John

3 Norton Isaac

Pickering John, Brook bottom

2 Staden John, Fairthoms farm

3 Swindell George 3 Ward David

2 Wardle James, Fern hole 2 Wardle Mrs. 2 Wilshaw George

BUXTON.

This is a town, parish, and township in the hundred of High Peak, poor law union of Chapel-en-le-Frith, and is the head of a petty sessional division, county court district, and deanery. The area of the township, including 128^ acres recently added under an order of the county council, is 1,275 J acres ; ratable value, £58,000. Under the provisions of the Local Government Act of 1894, the old parish of Buxton is divided into two - Buxton and King Sterndale. The former embraces the portion within the Buxton urban sanitary district, and to which seven guardians have been assigned ; and the latter comprises that portion lying within Ghapel-en-le-Prith sanitary district, and elects one rural district councillor.

The town of Buxton is situated on the banks of the river Wye, at the height of a thousand or more feet above the sea-level, and is hemmed in by hills, which, whilst they shelter it from winds and storms, add much to the sceuic beauty of the surroundings. The Manchester and Derby road passes through the town, the former place being 24 miles N.N.W., and the latter 38 miles S.S.E. It is easily accessible by rail, the Midland and London and North-Westem railways having stations in the town.

Buxton has long been celebrated for its medicinal waters, and with the hand- some public buildings, and beautiful villa residences erected in recent years, together with the improvements effected in the sanitary arrangements, it now justly ranks as one of, if not the^ most fashionable of our health resorts. Its fame is not of to-day. That the luxurious Eomans were acquainted with its heaUng waters is shown by the discovery of one of their baths in the early part of the 18th century ; and traces of a Eoman camp have been met with in the immediate vicinity. Whether the wild, roving Britons, whose burial grounds are scattered over the Peak, made use of these curative waters, as some imagine, or not, it is evident that the baths of Buxton may be regarded as the most ancient in Great Britain. In the troublous centuries that followed the departure of the Romans, when the ancient Britons were overpowered, and nigh exterminated by the half- civilized Saxons, and the supremacy of the latter subsequently disputed by the sea-rovers of Denmark and Norway, the springs of Buxton were neglected, if not wholly forgotten. They come again into notice in the Middle Ages, when much of their efficacy was attributable to spiritual agency ; and, as was customary in Catholic times, a chapel was built and dedicated to St. Anne, wherein those who had benefited by the waters might offer up their orisons and thank God for restoration of their health. The walls were decorated with the crutches of the cripples whose cures rendered them no longer necessary.

But these mementoes of cures effected by the waters enkindled the wrath of the early Beformers, who regarded them as tokens of a superstitious reverence,

BtJXTON.

12S

experiments, has determined the quantity of nitrogen held in solution at 6*1 cubic inches per gallon of water, and of carbouio acid gas at 4*1 cubic inches. The saline constituents of the water, as determined by the two latest analyses, are as. under : -

By Db. Otto Hehmeb.

Grains per gallon.

Chloride of Sodium 4-51717

Sulphate of Soda ,.. 0*20203

Sulphate of Potash 0 66896

Sulphate of Ammonium ... 001564

Sulphate of Lime 0*67364

Nitrate of Lime 0*25660

Carbonate of Lime 9*18564

Carbonate of Ma^eaia ... 4*72693

Carbonate of Iron 003709

Carbonate of Manganese... 000847 SiHca 083769

Total 2113006

Phosphoric Acid Trace

Iodine Trace

Lithia Trace

By Db. Thbbsh.

Grains per gallon.

Bicarbonate of Calcium 14*01

Bicarbonate of Magnesium ... 6*02

Bicarbonate of Iron *03

Bicarbonate of Manganese ... '03

Sulphate of Barium *05

Sulphate of Calcium 26

Sulphate of Potassium *62

Sulphate of Sodium *84

Nitrate of Sodium *03

Chloride of Calcium *02

Chloride of Sodium 310

Chloride of Ammonium Trace

Chloride of Ma^esium '95

Silicic Acid *95

Organic Matter *02

Carbon Dioxide *20

Nitrogen '19

Total 27'32

Lithium, Strontium, Lead, and Phosphoric Acid : Traces.

Various theories have been propounded to account for these and other thermal springs. The constancy of the temperature (81^° Fahrenheit at Buxton), and especially of the flow, has led many writers to attribute their origin to the ocean ; and others assert that they are due to volcanic agency. The upholders of the latter theory adduce in support of their contention the fact that nearly all hot springs are found either in the neighbourhood of active volcanoes or in localities where there are evident traces of former volcanic action. Another, and equally probable explanation, is that the Buxton waters rise from a considerable depth in the earth, where they have accumulated by percolation through the superincum- bent strata. There is a steady increase of temperature, at the rate of 1° Fahren- heit for every 60 feet we descend ; at a depth of 2,000 feet the temperature is fully 40° higher than at the siurface ; and the deeper the spring, the hotter will the water become. Besting upon impervious rock, and pressed by the water percolating through the upper strata, this heated water finds its exit through fissures or channels in the rock, losing a portion of its heat, and absorbing various mineral ingredients from the rocks through which it passes.

Whether the Buxton waters derive their therapeutic action from the nitrogen or from the salts they hold in solution, is a question on which there is much difference of opinion ; but that they are extremely beneficial in certain diseases is proved by the experience of centuries. Dr. Granville, so well known by his works on the German and English spas, compares the waters of Buxton with those of Schlangenbad. " Here at Buxton," he writes, " we have a water at nearly the same degree of heat, with fewer ingredients, still producing not only similar, but even more energetic effects." Dr. Robertson, consulting physician to the Bath Charity and Devonshire Hospital, in his work, ** Buxton and its Waters," says : - "The diseases for the relief of which the Buxton baths are found to be the most eminently useful, are rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, and certain forms of spinal, uterine, and dyspeptic affections. Many of the disordered conditions which are incidental to old age - much of the deranged health incidental to middle age in females - much of the uterine irregularity and disturbed condition incidental to females at various periods of life - much of the nervous weakness that is indicated by tic-doloreox in its various forms, sciatica, &c. - much of the functional derange- ment of the kidn^s which is consequent upon exposure, intemperance, or

CASTLETON. 139

and iDvited all the young men of noble birth to enter the lists, and make a fair trial of their skill and valour, at the same time promising to give the victor his daughter for a wife, with his castle of Whittington as a dowry. Many were the knights who entered the lists to compete for so rich a prize, and long and severe were the tilts that took place before the assembled throner. Amongst the com- petitors was a knight of Lorraine, with a maiden shield of silver and a peacock for his crest. The unknown knight performed prodigies of valour, unhorsing all who came against him. His last encounters were with a baron of Burgoyne and a prince of Scotland, both of whom he vanquished, was hailed the victor, and received the much-coveted prize. His name was Guarine de Metz ; and from this marriage sprang the noble family of Fitz-Warrine, lords of Whittington. It is difficult to imagine how the vast throng of knights and their esquires were accommodated, or where the tournament was held, for certainly the space within the castle walls was not only too limited in extent but also un suited for the purpose, nevertheless the fact is unquestionable. The great Wizzard of the north has thrown the magic of his genius around the castle by making it the scene of one of the most popular of the Waverley Novels - *' Peveril of the Peak."

Castleton, which doubtless received its name from the castle that looks down upon it from its rocky height, stands at the head of the beautiful valley of Hope, environed by an amphitheatre of hills that seem to cut it off from communication with the outer world. In addition to its romantic scenery, Castleton possesses other extraordinary attractions for tourists and visitors in its wonderful caverns and natural curiosities. The village is 6 miles N. from Tideswell, 12 N.E. from Buxton, 16 W. from Sheffield, 7 from Chapel-en-le-Frith, and 2 miles from Hope station, on the Dore and Chinley branch of the Midland Eailway This line, which was opened for passenger traffic in Whit- week, 1894, places Castleton within easy access, and will doubtless add largely to the influx of visitors. There are several good hotels, notably ** The Castle'* and ** Nag's Head," which are fitted up with every convenience, and afford excellent accommodation for visitors. Those who prefer the quieter life of a private house can obtain apartments at several of the houses and cottages. Agriculture and the manufacture of rope and twine are the principal industrial occupations. Vases and ornaments of Blue John and other varieties of fluor spar are fabricated by the lissome fingers of local artificers, and exposed for sale with other curiosities.

The church, dedicated to St. Edmund, is an ancient edifice, but shorn of all its ancient beauty by modern churchwarden ** improvements." It appears to have been erected in the time of the early Peverels, and exhibits traces of almost every style of ecclesiastical architecture. It consists of chancel, with vestry on the north side, nave, with south porch, and a low embattled tower at the west end, adorned with eight crocketed pinnacles. The church was repaired in 1830, when, with execrable taste, the exterior walls of the nave were covered with stucco. The arch separating the chancel from the nave is a fine example of Norman work, enriched with chevron mouldings. The east window, of three lights, is filled with stained glass, representing Christ's charge to St. Peter, in affectionate remembrance of the Rev. Charles Cecil Bates, M.A., for thirty-five years the faithful vicar of the parish ; he died in 1853. Above the altar is a picture of the Adoration of the Magi, attributed to Vandyke. The tower dates from the close of the fifteenth century, and contains a peal of eight modern bell». The font is octagonal in shape, and ancient. The old oak pews remain, curiously carved, many of them bearing the names of their former owners, with 17th century dates. There are few monuments in the church. A marble tablet records the death of John Mawe, the celebrated mineralogist, whose remains are interred in the Church of St. Mary-le- Strand, London ; but by his request this memorial was placed in the church of the village where he commenced his mineralogical laooars. Another monument bears the following epitaph, said to have been written by the eccentric individual it commemorates : - ** To the memory of Micah Hall, gentn., Attorney-at-Law, who died on the 14th of May, 1804, aged 79 years. Quid eram, nescitis ; Quid sum, nescitis ; Ubi abii.

CHAPEL-EN-LE-FRITH, 147

An old Boman road passes through the township, past Diglach, in the direction of Whaley Bridge, and on the summit of Chinley Churny 1,493 feet above the sea level, are the vestiges of a Boman camp.

Whitehough is a small village li miles N.W. from Chapel-en-le-Frith. The Primitive Methodists have a chapel here, erected in 1840 ; and here is a paper mill which gives employment to about 160 persons. At Gnat Hole there is a national school, erected in 1872. It is also used as a mission chapel. In this township, adjoining Whaley Bridge, are the print-works of the Bingswood Printing Co., Ltd., who here employ about 260 hands.

Coombs, or Coombs Edge, extends from Chapel-en-le-Frith, 3 miles S.W. In the south is an extensive tract known as Coomb Moss. Stretching along the east side of this moss is Black Edge - o, mountain ridge attaining an elevation of 1,670 feet above the sea level. The Wesleyan Methodists have a small chapel and day school in the hamlet of Coombs ; and Church of England service is held monthly on Sunday and each alternate Tuesday in the reading room. Tunstead is a hamlet, pleasantly situated on the brow of a steep hill. At the house of Mr. E. Dixon is preserved a human skull, concerning which many weird and improbable stories are related by the villagers. It is locally known as *' Dickey," and has been kept at this house from time immemorial. Various stories are current as to the original ownership of the ghastly relic. At Cadster Hill is a small barytes manufactory. In this neighbourhood is a reservoir, covering about 80 acres, for supplying the Peak Forest Canal.

Chapel-en-le-Frith Poor Law Union embraces an area of 83,492 acres and a population of 23,656, and includes the following parishes and townships : - Aston, Bamford, Brough and Shatton, Buxton, Castleton, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Chinley, Bugsworth and Brownside, Derwent, Edale, Fairfield, Fernilee, Hartington Upper Quarter, Hope, Hope Woodlands, Peak Forest, Thornhill, and Wormhill. The workhouse is a commodious structure, erected in 1840, at a cost of £3,500, for the accommodation of 100 paupers.

LOCAL INFORMATION.

Parish Council.

Samuel James Bramwell, Abel Wain, William Spencer, Arthur Heywood, Samuel Marchington, George Lomas (Tunstead), George Lomas (Bradshaw), George Willii^ Keyworth, Edward Morten, Frederick Thomas Tewson Reynolds.

Rural District Councillors - Mrs. Julia Ann Heywood, Joseph Heathcote, George Lomas, James Potter, Bdward Hall, J.P., and John Brough.

County Magistbatbs for Chapbl-bn-le-Frith Petty Sessional Division.

W.H G. Bagshawe, Esq. (chairman), Ford Hall B. H. Ash ton, Esq., Oastleton J. Hibbert, Esq., Fern Bank, New Mills T. Carver, Esq., The HoUins, Marple H. Turner, Esq., Gale Green, Stockport T. Bennett, Esq., Heath Field, Birch Vale, Stookporfe

S. Hodgkinson, Esq., Rose Hill, Marple

Eli Andrew, Esq., Ashton-under-Lyne

Lieut.-Col. Hall, Horwich HousG,Whaley Bridge

M. C. G. Bagshawe, Esq., Ford Hall

J. W. Lowe, Esq.

R. 0. GifiEord Bennett, Esq., M.D., Buxton

J. Amfield, Esq., High Lea Hall, New Mills

Clerk to the Magistrates - J. B. Boycott, Esq.

Petty Sessions are held at the Town Hall monthly, at 10-30 a.m. The following places are included in the Police district : - Aston, Bamford, Beard, BradweU, Brough and Shatton, Buxton, Castleton, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Chinley, Bugsworth and Brownside, Derwent, Edale, Fairfield, Fernilee, Hartington Upper Quarter, Hayfield, Hope, Hope Woodlands, OUerset, Peak Forest, Thornhill, Whitle and Thomsett, and Wormhill.

Superintendent of Police - Mr. S. D. Gill.

County Court. Chapel-bn-lb-Frith Union.

Judge - His Honour W. C. Smyly, Q.C. The Guardians meet in the Board Room

Registrar and High Bailiff - ^, Brown at the Workhouse every alternate Monday,

BaUiff Wilks I at 10 a.m.

The Court is held at the Town Hall at such Chairman - Lieut.-Col. Hall, Horwich House

times aa business requires. For places included Vice-Chaimian^W. H. G. Bagshawe, Esq.,

in the district see under Buxton. ' Ford Hall

l-l-

7'..

1>

!:

J.

- - '.'zJ*z - 11

'- *

.iZX

CHABLESWOBTH.

153

of £1,800. It is a handsome building of stone, with a Sunday school on the ground floor. Attached is a burial ground.

Lane Ends, Holly Bank, Limefield, and MUl Brow are small villages in Ludworth.

i^hisworth is a scattered village and hamlet, four miles S.W. from Glossop. A Wesleyan Chapel was erected here in 1891, at a cost of £1,000. It is a hand- some edifice in the pure Gothic style ; the interior is bright and cheerful, and elegantly furnished throughout in pitchpine. There are several stained-glass windows on each side, which admit a flood of tinted light. Attached is a small graveyard, in which lie the remains of James Goope, one of the founders of the society.

Campstall Road is a considerable village on the Derbyshire side of the river Etherow, which is here crossed by a bridge, on the other side of which is Gomp- stall in Cheshire.

GHAELESWOETH.

Post Office ; Miss Hague, sub-postmistress. Postal orders are issued, but not cashed. Letters via Mflmchester. Nearest telegraph office, Broadbottom, two miles. Delivery 7-30 a.m. ; despatch 8-10 a.m. and 6-15 p.m.

Parish Councillors - William Drinkwater, Rev. J. H. Partridge, John Thomas Woolliscroft, P. B. Brown, William Tinker, Caleb Cooper, Josiah Wilson, Crossland Smith.

Guardians - Ward No. 1, William Drinkwater and Caleb Cooper ; Ward No. 2, Saml. Hill Wood.

Surveyor of Highways - George Cooper.

Home of Rest, Gkimesley House (Salvation Army) ; Mrs. A. Howick, matron.

Bcunes Bobert, gamekeeper, Mote hall Collins Rev. George, M.A., Vicarage Cooper Edwin, insurance agent (Refuge) Hague Charles, auctioneer and valuer Higginbottom William, quany owner, Hargate

hUl Llewellyn W. Sumner, master. National School Neal Edward, fruiterer Partridge Rev. Joseph H. (Congregationalist) Phillips James, fishmonger Bowbottom Mr. Benjamin

Rowbottom Mr. George

Rowbottom James, Esq., Beech house

Rowbottom Mr. James Henry

Rowbottom Mr. Joseph

Rowbottom William Thomas

Shaw John, tailor

Shaw Thos. R., master. Congregational School

Sykes Thos. B., slater & plasterer, Gamesley

Turner James, greengrocer & farmer, Gamesley

Wood Joel, Belmont cottage

Yates & Kay, calico printers

Blacksmiths.

Wood Ralph & Sckmuel

Boot and Shoe Hakers.

Cooper George (and farmer and

highway surveyor) Garside William Willis Charies (dealer) ; and at

Hadfield

ButohePB.

Booth John (and farmer)

Hurst George

Maraland Wm. Rose, Lee cot

Cotton Banding Hanfra.

Bootli ft Son

Bowbottom James (and rope

and twine manufacturer).

Hole House mill

Ck>tton Spinner.

Ratcliffe - , Kinder Lee mills

Draper.

Hague Charles (and grocer)

Farmers.

Ashton Solmn., Warhurst fold BaU WilliAm, Highgate hiU

Booth Samuel, Springfield hs Booth Saml., Lower Gamesley Broughton Emanuel Clayton Mrs. Alice Drinkwater William HaU Elijah

Harrison James, Gamesley Harrison John, Gamesley Harrison John, Coombs farm Harrison Wm., Hargate Hill Higginbottom Wright Holroyd Timothy, Gamesley Jackson Ralph Longson Jolm Marsden Moses, Gamesley Redford Samuel, Hargate Hill Rowbottom J. (<fe coach propr.) Samesbridge - , Moorhead fm Smith Crosland Thomley Andrew (and carrier),

Gamesley Thomley John Walker Abraham Wild WUliam

Grocers.

Chisworth and Charlesworth Co-op. stores ; Christopher Stafford, manager

Cooper Moses (and farmer)

Fielding Joseph (wholesale and retail); and corn merchant

Gatlick John, Gamesley

Hague Charles (and draper) Moss Robert Thomley Mrs. Alice

Joiners.

Jackson John

Taylor William

Thomley Jas. (<fe wheelwright)

Hotels, Inns, &c.

BulVs Head ; Walt. Wharram George and Dragon ; J. Hallas Grey Mare; Thos. Davenport Horse Shoe ; John McKinlay Magnet, Gamesley ; James

Hinchcliffe Waggon and Horses ; Mrs. Ann

Garlick

Rope and Twine Hanfrs.

Booth George & Son Booth & Son, Leevale Rope wks Ratcliffe - , Kinder Lee mills Rowbottom James (and cotton band mfr.), Hole House mill

Shopkeepers.

Boothby Wm. (hardware) Dakin Reuben

Wheelwri^ts.

Wild William (and farmer) Wood Ralph & Samuel

EDALE AND FAIBFIELD. 159

hum and buzz that proceeds from a cotton doubling factory, one would suppose the place to be entirely out of touch with the noisy world without. The only aggre- gation of houses worthy of the name of village is Grind's Brookj or, as it was anciently called, Grime's Brook, near which is a station on the railway now fast approaching completion. Here are the church and the school, and also a good hotel. The other scattered houses and hamlets are Over Booth, Nether Booth, Barber Booth, Lady Booth, and Oiler Brook.

Edale is described in Domesday Book as a berewick or hamlet of Hope, hue soon afterwards it was included in the parish of Castleton. The first chapel was erected here in 1633, and dedicated to the Holy and Undivided Trinity. This structure became so dilapidated that it was taken down in 1812, and rebuilt in a barn-like style. The present church was erected in 1886, at a cost of £3,000 raised by public subscription. It is a handsome edifice, in the Decorated Gothic style, consisting of chancel, nave, south-west porch, and tower, surmounted by a fine spire. There is accommodation for 250. The living, formerly a perpetual curacy, is now a vicarage, in the gift of trustees, worth £228 per annum, and held by the Eev. John Eales, M.A., Cantab. The school is also a Gothic building and cost £400. It possesses small endowments left by the Eev. Kobert Turie, John Ashton, Joseph Tym, Joseph Champion, and Elizabeth Bowden.

The Wesley ans have a chapel at Barber Booth, erected at a cost of £300, to seat 150. It is in the Bradwell circuit. The Barber family formerly owned land and were resident here, hence the name of the hamlet.

On the farm of Mr. N. Tym is a Druidical rock or altar, and at Nether Tor, near Grindsbrook, in 1778, about 40 adder heads or Druid's amulets were found beneath a stone.

Edale is in Chapel-en -le-Frith rural sanitary district, and, for carrying out the provisions of the Local Government Act of 1894, six parish councillors and one district councillor have been assigned to it.

Posty Movuy Order Office, and Savings Bank, Edale ; Joseph Cooper, postmaster. Letters arrive, bj Sheffield (week-days only), at 8-86 a m., and are despatched at 5-^5 p.m. Telegrams, Midland Station, Edale.

Parish Councillors - A, Champion, S. Critchlow, G. W. Shirt, G. W. Dearnaley, G. Robinson, and

W. Hatfield. Rttral District Councillor - Stephen Critchlow. Chairman of Parish Council - Nathan Tym.

Burdikin John Roberts, viot.. Church Inn

Champion Andrew M., Esq.

Champion Mrs. Margt. Ehz., Grindslow house

Cooper Mrs. Hannah, vict.. Nag's Head

Cooper Joseph, postmaster and grocer

Eales Rev. John, M.A., The Vicarage

Jackson Wm.,mngr. of cotton doubling factory

Marrison Samuel, grocer

Somerset Thomas, cotton doubler

Wright Lewis, station master (Midland railway)

Farmers.

Carringion James, Barber booth Cooper Richard, Edale End Critchlow Stephen, Nether booth Dearnaley George William

Elliott Elizabeth, Clbugh fam Elliott James, Dale Head farm Goddard James Hadfield George, Upper booth Hadfield Samuel, Crowden Lee Hadfield William, Crowden Lee farm Lowe John, Harding clough Marrison William, Hollins farm Proctor John, Holt farm Robinson George, Cote field Shirt George William, Lee (owner) Shirt Mrs. Mary, Highfield house Tym John, Laurel Bank farm Tym Nathan, Nether booth Tym Nicholas, GUerbrook Tym Samuel, Grindsbrook

FAIRFIELD.

This is a parish and township in the hundred of High Peak, petty sessional division and county court district and deanery of Buxton, and union of Chapel-en- le-Frith. It gives name to a division for the election of a county councillor. Under the new Local Government Act, Fairfield forms an urhan parish with three urban district guardians. The estimated extent of the parish is 3,928 acres, ratable value £31,323, and the population in 1891 was 3,866. Fairfield was part of the royal forest of the Peak, and the Duke of Devonshire is lessee of the manor under the

FAIBFIELD.

161

who died in 1882, and was the first curate. The Primitive Methodist Chapel, erected in 1876, is a stone structure, with school underneath. It is well lighted, and furnished with seats to accommodate 400. On the north wall is a handsome marhle tablet to the memory of William Howe, who died in 1891. The chapel is in the Bradwell circuit. There is also a Gospel Mission Hall, erected in 1877 at a cost of £200. A school of two departments was built in 1883 at a cost of £800, and an addition was made to it in 1891 at a further outlay of £400. There are 160 in average attendance. The school is supported by Government grant only.

Water Swallow is a hamlet of three farms, and near is Barnes Common, on which Buxton races were held previous to their discontinuance, about 40 years ago. Deepda^le is a romantic glen at the south-eastern extremity of the township. Other hamlets are named in the Directory.

Post, Money Order Offices, and Savings Banks, Fairfield Common and Fairfield road.

via Buxton.

Lettei's

Urban Councillors - Biohd. Ash, Anthony Wm. Wall, Silas Bennett, Robt. Bagshaw Lomas, John Storey Pearson, Wm. Gartwright, John William Souden, Samuel Heath, and George Goodwin.

Clerk - llx, Charles Slater.

Medical Officer - Charles J. Bennett.

Allpress Henry, saddler and harness maker Brown Mr. Walter, 4 Clifton bank Carmichael Mrs., 2 The Hollies Cartwright William, merchant, George's villa Chambers AtMn, com. traveller, 1 Windsor ter Chapman Bobt., wheelwzgt., Fairfield Common Cornforth Herbert, clerk, 5 Brighton terrace Dodd Fredk., draper's assistant, 4 Homer ter Edelston T., com. travlr., 2 Mount Pleasant vis Fanahaw George, parish clerk, 1 Heath villas Oreatorex Miss A., laundry, Fairfield Common Heakm George, merchant, Heaton house Hurst Mrs. Sarah, South view Innea John Smith, hatter ; h 1 Belle Vue ter Jenner Geo., carriage proprietor, 6 Homer ter Jowett Charles, solicitor, 5 Clifton bank

Surveyor and Inspector of Nuisances - William

Beresford. RaU Collector - John William Willoughby. Urban District Chiardians~Z . S. Pearson, W.

Cartwright, and J. W. Lomas. Overseers - Wm. Cartwright and Geo. Slater.

Kiel Hermann, music professor. North view

Lomas James, general smith

Lomas John, registrar of births, deaths, and

marriages for Buxton, Fairfield, & Hartington

Upper Quarter, Fairfield villa Marsden Mrs. Margery, 3 Mount Pleasant vis Monk Misses, 6 Clifton bank Rew Rev. Robt. (Congregational), 3 Clifton bank Robinson Mrs., masseuse, 2 Rock villas Slater Chas., rate collector, Fairfield Conunon Souden John William, schoolmaster. Garment Stone George, upholsterer, 1 Albert terrace Taggart Mr. William, 2 Brighton terrace Thorpe John, grocer's manager, 3 Albert terrace Walker Chas. Wm., mrcht., 1 Westmorland vis Wilton Henry, shopkeeper, 1 New High street

Bootmakers.

Barnes Solomon, Fairfield rd Short John, 3 Alnwick terrace

Builders and Joiners.

Bennett Silas, 4 Brigton ter Booth Fredk. Wm., Oakdene Salt Eli, 2 Camden villas

Butchers.

Bennett Wm., Fairfield road Cuny William, Denby house Hod8kin8onBart.,lRutland ter

Confectioners.

Bancroft Mrs. M., 2 Heath tIs Webster Mrs. S., 2 Cromwell ter

Drapers.

Ifarshall Geo., 11 Victoria ter McKeggie Peter, 1 Faizfieldrd

Farmers.

Bagoley Joseph Bailey George Bailey James

Beard Joel, Red Gap

Beswick Thomas, Bailey Flat

Birchenoughl. , Water swallows

Bo^le Hon. Cecil, Pigtor

Bnttain Samuel Swann

Burton James

Burton John

Buxton WUliam

Dalton George

Featherstone James

Finney Thomas

Ford Job

Gilman James, Cowlow

Gregory Isaao

Harrison William, Town End

Haslewood Alfred O.

Hatton Joseph

Heath Sml.,& vict.,Bull's Head

Heskey Thomas, Cowlow

Howe William

Hulme Robert

Keeling Henry

Kirk Brothers, The Meadows,

Dove Holes Lomas John James Lomas John William Lomas Joseph Lomas Robert B., Town End

Lomas Thomas Edward Morten Richard (Jno. Wardle,

bailiff), Cowlow Moss Isaao Mycock Robert Nail James Pearson John Storey Righton John Thomas Robinson John Henry Slater Arthur Fras., Fern ha Slater Joseph, Fern house Slater Thomas, Oaklanda Smith Sawyer Swann Rowland, Lowfoot Vernon Joseph, & butcher, &

vict.. Railway Inn Walker Wm., Water swallows Wilshaw John Woolliscroft Joseph

Greengrocers.

Arthur Jacob, 1 Cromwell ter Blackwell Mrs. F., Fairfield rd Harvey John, 3 Camden villas Tennant Joseph, 3 Heath villas

Grocers.

Firth Mrs. M., 2 Rutland ter

GLOSSOP. 163

Norfolk, was deputy Earl Marshall from 1861 to 1868, and was created a peer in 1869. Glossop Hall is a handsome mansion, standing within extensive grounds a little N.E. of Old Glossop..

The town is seated in a valley on the sides of the lofty hills that environ it on all sides. The scenery around is wild and picturesque, and had not commerce seated itself here in later years, Glossop might have become a popular pleasure resort. It was incorporated in 1866, and within the borough boundary are included Dinting, Dinting Vale, Hadfield, Padfield, Simmondley, Waterside, and Whitfield. The borough is divided into three wards, which form a civil parish under the Parish and District Councils Act. Each ward returns six guardians. The ratable value of the borough is £58,884, and the population 22,414. The cotton trade is said to have been introduced here in 1784, but previous to this there were woollen factories and fulling mills. Some of the mills are on a gigantic scale. The Howardtown Mills, belonging to John Wood & Brothers, Ltd., cover 14 acres, and contain 221,000 spindles and 8,500 looms, giving employment to 5,000 or 6,000 persons when in full work. At the Wren Nest Mills, Francis Sumner & Co., Ltd., proprietors, there are 123,000 spindles and 2,541 looms. The Shipley Mill Cotton Manufacturing Co., Ltd., have 43,000 spindles. . There are other mills of less magnitude. Another very important industry is the paper manufacture. The paper mills of Messrs. Olive & Partington (sole proprietor, Edward Partington, Esq., J.P.) at Turn Lee, cover several acres of ground and give employment to about 600 hands and a large staff of clerks besides. The machinery is all of the latest and most approved principle, and the machines used in several parts of the process, are the special patent of the firm. The paper is made from wood pulp. The timber is imported from Norway in six feet lengths, and after passing through various processes is reduced to pulp and converted into paper. Upwards of 120 tons of paper are turned out weekly. Another industry that gives employment to a large number of the inhabitants is calico printing ; and a considerable trade is also done in the manufacture of spring mattresses.

Old Glossop is a quaint looking village, picturesquely seated at some height on the hill side overlooking the valley below. Beyond it, stretch heath-clad hills abounding with grouse. Neto Glossop or Howard Town is situated in the valley, and is sometimes called Glossopdale. Here are located the cotton factories, the shops and business premises, and the great mass of the inhabitants. All the houses and mills are built of stone, and, though some of them date frem the early part of this century, they still retain much of their original freshness of colour. A market was established under powers of an Act of Parliament obtained in 1844, and is held on Saturdays. The Town Hall is a handsome building of stone in the ItaUan style, with covered market behind, erected in 1838, at a cost of £8,500, and opened as a market on the 19th July, 1845. It was enlarged in 1854. Gas Works were erected the same year by a company with a registered capital of £6,000 in £10 shares ; and Water Works were constructed in 1854 by the Duke of Norfolk, at a cost of £4,000. The reservoir, about five acres in extent, is situated at Swineshaw, l-J miles from the town. Fairs for cattle, horses, &c., are held on May 6th, and the first Wednesday after October 10th.

The parish church of All Saints', at Old Glossop, is a large edifice in the Gothic style,' consisting of chancel, nave, side aisles, and tower containing eight bells. The old church, having become ruinous, the nave and aisles were rebuilt, and two galleries added in 1831, at a cost of £2,000. The chancel was rebuilt a Uttle later by the Duke of Norfolk, the lay impropriator of the tithes ; and in 1855 his grace rebuilt the tower and spire. The Howard arms are carved in stone above the west doorway of the tower. The Hague monument, now in Hayfield church, was formerly in the chancel of All Saints, from which it was removed when the chancel was rebuilt, and never replaced. The east window, of three lights, is a memorial of the late Duke and Duchess of Norfolk, Robert Shipley, Esq., and John Wood, Esq. Two of the eight bells were added by the parishioners when the tower was rebuilt. Two tablets record feats of bell-ringing : one on the 13th

GLOSSOP. 167

clustered columns of polished granite, supported by a base of the same material. A brass plate bears the following inscription: - "This pulpit has been erected by the parishioners and friends in loving memory of John Wood, J.P., Daniel Wood and Samuel Wood, J.P., Esqrs., patrons and founders of this church, November, 1888." The organ is a fine instrument, presented by Mrs. Wood in 1882. The fount is a very handsome one of granite and marble, and elaborately carved. The living, a vicarage, worth £320, with recidence, is in the gift of Mrs. S. Wood, 8. H. Wood, Esq., and John Wood, Esq., J.P., D.L.

A school was built at the same time as the church for the accommodation of 430 children.

Hadfield is a considerable village and township containing 357 acres of land, lying on the south bank of the river Etherow, and now forming one of the wards of the borough of Glossop. The principal industry is cotton spinning and weaving, which is carried on to a considerable extent in the district. The church, dedicated to St. Andrew, is a handsome edifice of stone consisting of nave, chancel, transept, porch, and belfry containing one bell. On each side of the nave, three or four feet from the wall, is a row of iron pillars from which spring wooden arches that support the roof. The style of architecture is Gothic, and the total cost of the building was £4,174. The organ, which stands in the chancel, is a fine instrument, by Wadsworth Brothers, of Manchester, and cost £650. It was presented by James Sidebottom, Esq., J.P., in 1879, in memory of his wife. The font was presented by James Sherriff, stonemason, formerly sexton at Tintwistle Church, who emigrated to Australia, whence the font came. On one side is inscribed '* St. Paul writeth, according to His mercy God saved us by the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost.'* On another is "Jesus said, except a man be born again of water and of the Holy Spirit he cannot enter into the kingdom of God." The living is a vicarage worth £260 with residence, in the gift of five trustees, and held by the Rev. J. Hadfield, who is Eural Dean of Glossop.

A school, in which church service was held previous to the erection of the church, was built in 1855 at a cost of £850.

The Catholics also have a church here, dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo, erected hy the late Lord Howard. It is a handsome stone structure, consisting of nave, aisles, sanctuary, sacristy, and western tower containing one bell. Built on an eminence, this church has a picturesque appearance, seated amidst shrubberies which are graced here and there with statues, crosses, etc. The style of architecture is Gothic, and the church contains a handsome pulpit, presented by public subscription about a year ago. The presbytery adjoins the church.

The Wesleyan Chapel, erected in 1878, is a large edifice of stone in the Norman style, seated on the crest of a hill, whence there is an extensive view of the surrounding landscape. It is well lighted by circular-headed windows, and comfortably furnished to seat 900. In connection with the chapel is a Sunday school. The total cost was about £5,000. A day-school was established by the society in 1808, and rebuilt in 1854. There is accommodation for 300 and an average attendance of 180. The United Methodist Free Church is a plain oblong building, lighted by windows of the Gothic type. It was erected in 1 876, at a cost of £600, raised by voluntary subscriptions. The Primitive Methodists built their present chapel in 1876. Attached is a burial ground.

The Congregational Church, situated at Brookfield, is a substantial structure of stone, in the Gothic style, erected in 1883« at a cost of £4,000, part of which W&8 raised by pubUc subscription, and the remainder was a donation from W. Shepley, Esq., J.P. ; and the organ, built by J. J. Binns, of Leeds, cost £250, was presented by Mrs. Shepley. All the woodwork is pitchpine, and the windows^ are mled with stained glass of various designs, geometric, floral, and conventional. There is sitting accommodation for 850 in the body of the church, and a gallery, above the entranee will seat 100 more. Adjoining the church is the day school*

OLOSSOP.

169

Lord Howard of GUossop Edward Partingioo, Esq. J. Wainwright, Esq.

T. H. Sidebottom, Esq., M.P. F. J. Sumner, Esq.

County Magistrates

For Glossop Petty Sessional Division.

H. Rhodes, Esq.

W. S. Rhodes, Esq.

W. Sidebottom, Esq., M.P.

CUrk to the Magiairatsa - T. M. Ellison, Esq.

County Court.

Judge - B^B Honour W. 0. Smyly, Q.O. Registrar and High Bailiff - H. M. Ellison, Esq.

The District comprises the following places : - Amfield, Brownside, Charlesworth, Chisworth, Ghinley, Chunal, Dinting, Gamesley, Glossop, Hadfield, Hollingworth, Hayfield, Kinder, Padfield, Phoside, Rovrarth, Saltersbrook, Simmondley, Thomsett, Tintwistle, Torside, Woodhead, Waterside, Whitfield, and WooUey Bridge.

Guardians.

AU Saints* Ward - Richard Howton, Charles Fielding, Brook Furniss, Mrs. Jane Leech, Henry Hadfield, Rey. Adam P. Hamilton- Wilson.

8t James* TTanJ - William Holdgate, Robert Proctor, Henry Edward Evason, Mrs. Mary Cooper, Mrs. Elinor Parker, James Langley.

Hadfield Ward - Vfi]]iam Dawson, Right Rev. Monsignor Sabela, T. Braddock, T. Barlow, J. Bennett, Dr. Whelan.

Glossop Union.

Meetings every alternate Wednesday, in the Board Room, Workhouse, at 3-0 p.m.

Quardians - Thomaa Barlow, Joseph Bennett, Thomas Braddock, William Dawson, Henry Ed. Evason, Chas. Fielding. Brook Furniss, Henry Hadfield, William Holdgate, Richard Howton, James Langley, Robert Proctor, John J. Whelan, A. P. Hamilton- Wilson, H. J. Sabela, Mrs. Elinor Parker, Mrs. M. Cooper, and Mrs. Jane Leech.

Ghssap Dale Rural District Council - G. Row- bottom, J.P., Ralph R. Wood, William Drinkwater, Saml. H. Wood, J. Wainwright, J. P., James Piatt, and Caleb Cooper.

Clerk - Thomas S. Bowden.

Medical Officer of Health - James Rhodes.

Inspector of Nuisances and Surveyor - William McMath.

Medical Officer - ^Albert Andrew, L.R.C.P., &c.

Belting O^cer - J. W. Bowden.

Burial Board - Alderman S. Rowbottom, Councillors B. Piatt, T. P. Hunter, T. Anderson, W. Dawson, and J. Bennett

Cemetery Superintendent - James J. Hadfield.

Coroner for High Peak Division - Charles Davis, Esq.

Devonshire Lodge of Freemasont (625) - Alfred Walker, secretary.

Loyal Prince Regent Lodge of Independent Order of Oddfellows - Frank Darwent, sec.

Olossop Dale Burial Society - David Swann, sec.

Conservative Cluhy Norfolk street - William Henry Darwent, secretary.

Conseroative Registration Agent for High Peak Division - Charles Davis, solicitor.

Olossop Dale Working Men^s Cluhy St. Mary's road - William Henry Booth, secretary.

Olossop Free Library - Miss M. H. Warhurst,

librarian. Inland Revenue Officer - Thomas Kamester,

Slateland road.

General Post Office, Norfolk square ; Mrs. S. E. Rodley, Postmistress. Postal address, Glossop, Manchester. Deliveries 7-dO a.m., 12-15 noon, 3-0 p.m., and 5-0 p.m. Despatches 8-85 a.m., all parts ; 10-20 a.m., all parts ; 10-25 a.m., Dinting ; 1-30 p.m., all parts ; 4-10 p.m.. Dinting ; 5-0 p.m., all parts ; 7-20 p.m., London ; 9-30 p.m., all parts. Sunday : Delivery at 8-0 a.m., despatch at 7-25 p.m. Telegraph Office open from 8-0 a.m. to 8-0 p.m.

ALPHABETICAL DIRECTORY.

Marked 1 are in Old Olossop.

Adshead Joseph, painter & paperhanger, 40

High street e Alcock Miss Phcebe, fancy draper and baby

linen dealer, 7 High street e Allen Edward, general manager, Turn Lee Mills Allen Eklward Wagstaffe, manager, Dover Mills Andrew Albert, L.R.O.P., L.M., L.F.P.S.,

Glasgow, medical officer Glossop Union ; h

16 High street w Armitage Charles Hemy, grocer, 93 High st w Annitage Mrs. Hannah, 77 Norfolk street

Armitage John, wholesale fruiterer, Victoria

street ; wsirehouse. Hare Hills road Armitage Mr. Thomas, 77 Norfolk street Arrowsmith James, dogger, 132 High street w Ashton Ben, head gardener, Glossop hall Ash ton Matthew, umbrella mkr., 46 High st w Atkinson William, grocer, 117 High street w BafiTShaw Henpy, vict., station Hotel ;

good accommodation for visitors <fe tourists ;

wines, ales, and spirits of the best quality ;

head quarters of Glossop FootbcJl Club

168

HIGH PEAK r.MJI

comprising one large room and Bev<! £1,200, defrayed by Mr. Shepley. T

The Liberal Club is a cominoili .. comprise two billiard rooms, a bnr. about 80 feet by 84 feet, in which hw- The Conservatives also have their i

Building stone of excellent ij ; MonsloiOy a Httle east of the villa'.:- site of Monslow Castle, but not n .

Waterside is a nianufaetm: Hore are tlie extensive nnlU oi .- 297,000 spindles and 4,800 lo... Thomas Khodes & Co., Lt<l . Hadfield Mills, owned hv TI. 1,345 looms, and employ al- -.

Woolleij IJrithie is a vili crosses the P^therow.

Pacific Id is a larj^e vil-- th(3 Etherow, and inclutl. inhabitants are chieliy ei Tlic Wesleyans have a <-! of £2,000, in lieu of on.' chapel. A day srhc-i Hadfield Mill, for ih.- is an average attond.i'.-

Edward Wodlc-v Samuel liowbott'.'i'

Jamoa Laiijili y John Bariius

William Vl-Xi Edward Pnrti;

William I>;i\v- James SaiL-

W. Dawsnu. . B. Partiii^'ti.i T. P. Hiiniv*. W. Pilkinaiui

- -

s:

. ::=tter, 2 High st e

tiiier, 13 High st w

::. L23 High street w . -I'.-r. 75 High street w -ff^-fler. 13 Victoria street . .C;nuphcr, 103 Victoria st ? fK butcher, 87 High st w -.A-nbr<.iker and outtitter, 41 .--t?i 'V and 2 Cross street -.. , nicer, 118 Victoria street r-i. .'iork, Howard street . . ^.or.. Junction Inn, High stw :j.m, butclicr, 244 High st w ."?:::;ir.. U9 Pikes lane

r'lmiture dealer, :21 High ste : V is. .1 , Alexandra vl, Talbc)t rd _ .... vhoolwright, Surrey street -..t.. Norfolk Anns Hotel -:ij:.. Rose & Cr(»wn, High st w ...:c:o Lord Howard; 7*Norfolkst .- . -.. lie i porter dealer, Arundel st - iizcT. Norfolk street :a:i'.-r. 59 High street w ..i?. bix'tmaker, 11 Victoria street :. .V. rsolier. 78 High street w - ' .t >..-'i'.^, tailors, 28 High street w - oE.. Commercial Inn, Charlestown . ".::.. Commercial Inn, Bank bottm ... .1.. --choolmaster, Hollincross lane ^ 'Liir.lia, tohacc(mist, 121 High st w ^ -.rr.d. watchmaker, Ga Higirstrc*»t w : ^£rs. E., furniture dlr., 26 High st w ^-.n '.Vi"Iiam, baker and confectioner, -..-L-siown road

- ?r?<. M. E., tobacconist, SO Highstw -. . -T.^tnr. & newsagi^nt, (iO Victoria st - .^. -. *_.:ke. farmer, Bettin Hill .--. 1- M:ses. butcher, 10 High street c . . -Vin. Hy., ironmonger, plumber, and - ..-: "-.rker, 7 Victoria st ; h 21 Lord st . - .'.!»5.. solicitor, commissioner for oaths, . :.r:::cr for High Peak division, 6 . :.-\ : >:rt.t.: : h The Hurst . -..- :.'..-. y Al^cl. cotton mill manager, Lord st -..-:.*..;. David, beers-.-ller. Spring Tavern, " 5:- .. iir.c'.d *.';. ".a!': V Mr. Joseph, Parkfield house. Northrd *. ».-: L:y Thomas, ironmonger & blacksmith,

i3 Ki^h street w *-.^. -- V 'Ames it Ellen, ironmongers and general

. tul'.-s. "Jt* Gladstone street *:v-.i-v>c!i Balph H., master, Wesley school,

-I ^-j street w *i.\ -;-. Oeo- Hy., coal merchant, 183 High st e '"i.x.':: John. Pikes fann '^tv-'c: Wm.. coal and coke merchant, 9Gom6t * Vvvls<'n George, draper, 76 High street w ..Vwv.'.i:g William, tea merchant, 8 Norfolk

<ree:. and at Hadfield IV\%::> David, park supt.. Top lodge, North rd IVwson. Edgar E., assistant manager, print- works. 105 Shaw lano '"^-^irkwater James, fanner, 3 Hague street r«;i!iorIey Fred., hairdresser, 70 High street w : *.^u::on James, vict., Talbot Inn, Old Glossop --"^uison Tom. painter, Shrewsbury street V.iwHrvls Wm., vict.. Spread Eagle, Brookfield ?'!'.iso!i Francis Bede, actuary and secretary

Savings Bank, Howard street K. .:son Thomas M., town dork, clerk to borough ;u«cice« Si, registrar & high bailiff, Glossop County Court, 4 Ellison street

HOPE. 187

It also formerly included the ohapelry of Fairfield and the townships of Abney, and Abney Orange, Bradwell, Grindlow, Hazlebadge, Hucklow Great, Hucklow Little, and Wardlow, extending in all over 40,000 acres. It is in the hundred of High Peak, electoral division of Castle ton, county court district of Buxton, petty sessional division and poor law union of Chapel-en-le-Frith, and deanery of Eyam.

The township of Hope contains 2,848J acres of land ; its ratable value is £2,916, and the population 423. For purposes of local government five parish councillors have been assigned to it and one rural district councillor. The land- owners are R. H. Ashton, Castleton ; E. Firth, Hope ; C. S. LesHe, Esq., Hassop ; Exors. of A. P. Arkwright ; Charles Greaves, Hope Woodlands ; Mr. Fleming, Manchester ; George Eyre, Hope Farm ; G. Bingham ; Joseph H. Bennett ; Mr. Benton, Glossop ; Bagshaw's Exors. ; Joseph Wilson, Oker ; George Hall, Hope ; Edmund Nicholson ; and the Exors. of John Middleton.

The royal manor of Hope at the time of the Domesday Survey was of con- siderable extent, and included seven here wicks or hamlets. It had also at that time its church and priest. Subsequently it was considered as part of the manor of High Peak, that manor having since been divided into two. Hope now forms part of the manor of Castleton, which is held on lease by the Duke of Devonshire.

The ancient and important family of Eyre were long identified with the parish of Hope, their connection dating as far back as the reign of Henry III. or earlier, and their arms were formerly to be seen emblazoned in the window of the chancel and in other parts of the church. The Balguys, another ancient Derbyshire family, possessed considerable lands here. Their chief seat for some time was Hope Hall, now an inn, called the Hall Hotel. The Woodroffes, a name not long extinct in the parish, were settled at Hope as early as the reign of Edward I., when Balph Woodroffe, armiger, was keeper of the King's Forest of High Peak, and was succeeded in his office by his son Robert. Ellis Woodroffe, the last heir male of the elder branch, died in 1634, leaving five daughters co-heiresses, one of whom married Peter Foljambe.

The surface is diversified, and the scenery of a pleasing pastoral character. The soil is generally fertile. Limestone, of excellent quality for agricultural purposes and roads, is extensively quarried at Pindale, about one mile south of the village, by Mr. A. Furness, who has also his limekilns here. A large quantity of this lime was used in the construction of the Dore and Chinley railway, which passes through the parish.

The village of Hope is of small dimensions, but pleasantly situated at the confluence of two streams which form the river Noe, 6 miles N. by E. from Tideswell, 4 S.W. from Hathersage, and 15 from Sheffield. It is now easily accessible by the new line of railway, Dore and Chinley branch, on which there is a station near the village. In 1715 John Balguy, Esq., of Hope Hall, pro- cured a grant of a weekly market on Saturday and four fairs. This weekly market was discontinued many years ago, and a monthly cattle market estab- lished, which is held on the last Wednesday of the month. The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is an ancient edifice of stone, rebuilt on the site of an earlier one in the 14th century, and very extensively restored in the Perpendicular style in the following century. It consists of chancel, nave, side aisles, south porch, and west tower, surmounted by a dumpy octagonal spire. The chancel was rebuilt in 1881, at a cost of £1,195, subscribed by various benefactors, and the rest of the fabric was thoroughly restored by E. Firth, Esq., of Birchfield, at a cost of £2,050, in commemoration of the Jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. The clerestory, aisles, and choir are surmounted by an embattled parapet, with pinnacles, and projecting from the building are some grotesque gurgoyles. Above the porch is a parvise, or chamber, which was once probably occupied by the sacristan. The gallery, which blocked up the west end of the nave, was happily removed at the late restoration. At this end stands a massive octagonal font, believed to be 14th century work. The pulpit is worthy of notice. It is a piece of good carving in oak, and bears the date 1652. The eagle lectern, of the same material, was designed and carved by Mr. Hedley Hill, of Tideswell.

19G HIGH PEAK PARLIAMENTARY DIVISION.

in 1831, at a cost of £2,500. It is a handsome Gothic edifice comprising nave, chanctil, side aisles, and a pinnacled tower surmounted by a lofty octagonal spire, but the interior aspect is somewhat disappointing. The chancel is lighted by three tall single-li^ht lancet windows which have been filled with stained glass at the expense of Mrs. Mackie. Windows of the same character, seven on each side, li^ht the nave and aisles. Two on the north side bear representations of our Saviour and St. John the Baptist, and Moses and Aaron. On a brass is inrtcrihed "In memory of the Rev. John Rigg, M.A., vicar of New Mills for 20 }<iarH, who finished liis work November 10th, 1868, aged 56 years. His pariHhionorK and friondn have placed these windows to record their appreciation of his lubourH." Two on the south side are also memorials. On the north wall of IJKi nave, under the gallery, is a marble tablet inscribed "la memory of James in-^'liain, hisq., J. P., of Watford villa. New Mills, who departed this life, May 8th, lH(j8, lifted 67 years," and on a brass underneath is "The above tablet was erected by his neighbours and friends in acknowledgment of the liberal support he rt^iidentd to this church, and the Bequest of £500 contained in his will, the interoHt of which is paid towards educating and clothing the poor of this parish." The Font, which stands in the middle of the nave, is a beautiful piece of sculpture, erected by the parishioners and tenants of Lord Egerton's estate in Lancashire, in memory of John Taylor, J.P. The living is a vicarage, worth £300 yearly, with residence, in the gift of the Vicar of Glossop, and held by the Rev. F. W. Newman, M.A.

The Church schools form a pretty block of stone buildings, with teacher's residence attached. There are two departments, mixed and infants, with an averaf^e attendance of 220.

Tlie chapel-of-ease, dedicated to St. James the Less, and the almshouses to wliioh it is attached, were erected in 1880, by the late John Mackie, Esq., J.P., and Mary his wife, in memory of the parents of the latter - the late Mr. and Mrs. Iiii^ham. The edifice consists of nave and apsidal chancel, and is in the stylo of architecture that prevailed in the latter part of the 13th century. In the iipso are three lancet windows, filled with stained glass from the studio of Mr. Kompe, Beaumont street, London. A three-light window, with traceried head, ill tho south wall, and two large two-light windows in the west wall, are also pictorial. Frescoes by Mr. Powell, of Leeds, illustrating events in the life of Our Lord, adorn the north wall. A beautiful marble panel has been placed on the samo siiio bv Mrs. Mackie, in memorv of her late husband. The total cost of tho church was £2.750.

Tlu» luijlutm Ahnshouin's consist of six handsome cottages of stone, containing a ^ood sitting-room, a bedroom, and a small scullery. The houses are divided by a covered porch, with ^HMntod arches resting on circular pillars, with scolptored capitals. In front is a beautifully laid-out piece of garden ground. The church auil almshouses occupy two sides of a quadrangular plot of land adjoining Spring Hank.

Tho Catholic Church, dedicated to St. Mary, occupies a commanding situation in High Lee. It is a handsome edifice of stone, in the Decorative Ciothic St vie. erected in 1845-6 at a cost of £4.000, and comprises sanctuary with a cha^vl on either side. nave, north and south aisles, south porch, and western tower surmounted by a spire. The interior aspt^ct is solemn and impressive. TUe arcade on either side of the nave rests on low. massive, octagonal columns; and the noble chancel arch sprii-i^s froin similar res^>onds. The east window is a thi\e-lis;ht one. filled witii stained glass re prose r.tii^g scenes from sacred history. iHv.oath this is the high altar, a very fine one of alabaster and stone, given by Mr. Penis LiUie, of London. Statues of various saints adorn the walls, as w«ll as a very fine set of stations of the Cross, in hi^h relief and richly coloured, agaii'.st a back ground of gold. In connection with the church is a day schooU attended by about SO children.

Tho \ics'cyyxn ChapeL in St. George's road, erected in 1S13. is a good stODft building, seated on an eminence and approached by a llighc of i^ steps. A

WHITTINGTON.

267

Chimney Sweeper.

2 Cawthome Fred (and news- agent), 52 London street

Drapers.

2 Belfitt Mrs. Sarah, 73 High st

2 Brealey Mra. Sarah, 50 & 52 High street

S Gutts J. {A dothr.) High st

3 Dann Mrs. Martha (A; hosier), 62 Station road

3 Derbyshire A., 39 Sheffield rd 2 Derbyshire J., 12 London st

2 Green George, 56 High st

3 Halford W. £., 65 Station rd 3 Marriott John, Duke street 2 Sims Samuel {& clothier),

The Exchange

2 Walker Charles, Sonth street

3 Williams J. H., 51 Station rd

ExplosiYes Merchant.

3 Wilkinson Ernest, Queen st

Farmers.

1 Bargh Samuel, 54 High st 1 Gundy John, Spring house 1 Durham Geo., Compass farm 1 Green John Henry, Holly hs 1 Green Joseph, The Green 1 Hand William, Bowers farm

1 Hoyle John William

2 Hughes Thomas, Glass hs

1 Jenkinson Henry, Church st 1 Johnson William Edward,

Brierley Bridge 1 Mason Alfred, Broom cottage 1 Mottishaw David 1 Smith John, Church street,

and at Brimington 1 Thorpe William. High street

1 Twigg Mrs. Sarah, 30 Broom- hill lane

Fishmongers.

2 Dickman Hy., 89 South st

1 Savage Lewis

3 Swiffen Wm., 30 Sheffield rd

Fumitore Dealers.

3 Aked Geo. W., 54 Station rd

2 Brealey Mrs. Sarah, 50 & 52 High street

3 Makin T. (& broker) , 4 Duke st 3 Potts James, Station road ;

h Brimington

Greengrocers.

3 Bradley Mrs. Sarah, Sheffield

road ; h 56 Shaw street 3 Hayes John, 81 Station road

2 Hewitt John, 96 High street

3 Russell Thos., 26 Sheffield rd 2 Slack Edward, 69 High st

Grocers.

2 Allport Elijah, South street

1 Bailey Mrs. Lucy, (and beer

retailer), 7 Prospect road

3 Barratt Frederick Geo. (and beer retailer), 65 Chapel st 2 Brough John H., 26 South st 2 Brough Thomas, 1 South st 1 Chapman William (and beer retailer), 40 Whittington hill

1 Cooke Alfred Joseph (& beer merchant). Church street

2 Cummins Mrs. J., 94 High st

3 Dann William, 61 Station rd 2 Derbyshire J., 12 London st 2 Durham Chas. W.,112 High st 2 Eton Francis, 126 South st

2 Hague Joseph, 1 South st

3 Hunter's, 41 Sheffield road ; Geo. OUerenshaw, proprtr., Blackburn; B. Davis, mngr.

3 Lakin & Pearson, Sheffield road

1 Lloyd Geo. Wilson (and beer retailer), The Brusnes

2 Longden Miss Matilda & James, High street

1 Lowe Frank (<& yeast mrcht.),

102 Whittington hill 1 Lowe John, Church street

3 Marriott John, Duke street 1 Mills George, 38 High street 1 Mitchell W., 27 Prospect rd

1 Pendleton Mrs. Mary Ann, 99 Sheffield road

2 Pickering Jas., 51 South st 2 Radford Mrs. Charlotte (and

beer rotlr.), 28 Wellington st

2 Robinson Mark, 44 High st

3 Scott Thos., 6 Sheffield road

1 Shemwell William Thomas (<fe beer retailer), Prosi)cct rd

3 Shentall John (wholesale), & wine merchant, 46 Sheffield road, and at Dronfieki

2 Shore Thomas, 52 South st

3 Short George (& beer retlr.), Pottery lane

1 Skidmore G. W., Sheffield rd

2 SlaterMrs. Emma, 60 High stj

3 Thompson J., 23 Sheffield rd 1 Thompson Jonathan, senr.,

66 Holland road 1 Thorpe John, 43 High street

1 Vickers Wm. (& post office)

2 Walker Charles, South street 2 Ward William, 39 London st

2 Whittington and Dist. Co-op. Soc, Ltd., 76 High st ; Geo. Rooke, sec. ; W. Pike, mngr

1 Wome Aaron, Holland road

Hairdressers.

Cariin Wm., 58 High st, New Whittington,* 56 Sheffield road, Whittington ]\Ioor

3 Smith George, 27 Sheffield rd

Hotels, Inns, & Taverns.

Marked * are beerhouses.

3 * Angel Initj Duke street ; Edward Bennett

2 Angel Inn, South street ; Joseph George Fuller

2 *Bath Hotel, London street ; Mrs. Elizabeth Hopkinson

3 Brunswick Hotel, Sheffield road ; Thomas Pateman

1 BulVs Head ; Herbert Stead

2 BulVs Head, South street ; William Henry Talbot

1 Cock and Magpie (Revolu- tion House), Wm. Meakin

2 Croivn Inn, High street Mrs. Elizabeth Hawkins

2 ^ Dusty Miller, High street William Gadsby

2 Forge Inn, Station lane Alfred Todd

3 * fountain Inn, Chapel st Solomon Dodd

2 Miners* Ar7)is, High street John Chippendale

3 ^ew Inn, Sheffield road Thomas Royster

1 * Pheasant Inn, The Brushes

Mrs. Grace Pearson 1 *Poj)lar Hotel ; Joseph Hall 3 Railtoay Hotel ; Henry Allen

1 * Railway Inn, The Brushes ; Richard Hardwick Hallam

2 'Rising Sun ; Wm. Sellers

2 Royal Hotel, London street ; Harry Parker

3*Royal Oak, Shaw street; Edward Tingle

1 Sheepbridge Hot^l; James ^losley

3 Sir Colin Campbell Amis, Sheffield road ; George Dodd

S*Star Inn, Sheffield road; Thomas Madin

2 *Star Inn, South street ; Frederick Wardlc

3 * Travellers' Rest, Sheffield road ; Jaboz Randall

3 * Victoria Inn, Shaw street;

Henry Wilkinson 2 Wellington Hotel, High st;

Charles Cappendall 1 White Horse ; Sam Renshaw

Insurance Offices and Agents.

1 British Workvinns' ; Herbt.

Gabitas, The Brushes 3 L'pool Vic. Legal Frly. Soc. ;

Thos. Hcnstock, Sheffield rd

1 Lond., Edin. and Glasgow ; Saml.Portinan,The Brushes

2 Pearl ; Patrick Dolan, 134 South street

Prudential -

1 Holmes George, 11 Whit- tington hill

3 Procter Wm., 50 Station rd

2 Slater Wm., 60 High st

3 TipperChas. Hult.,Kingst

3 Royal ; P. J. Kelly, Sheffield road

3 Royal London ; Jas. Cadman,

King street 2 Sun ; A. H. Dewsnap,

Wellington street

ASHBOURNE. 283

charity. Under an indentnie dated 7th June, 1652, between John Owfield, of London, and Wm. Owfield, of Ashbourne, on the one part, and the governors and assistants of the Free Grammar School on the other part, conveyed a meadow situate at Mapleton to the aforesaid governors and assistants. This nas been sold, and the proceeds, £448 166. 3d., invested in the names of the official trustees.

Richard Peters, who was buried in 1708, by his will gave out of his lands situate at Uttoxeter the yearly sum of £4, to be distributed to the eight poor people of the old almshouses every Midsummer Day. This was redeemed in 1873, and the proceeds, £133 12s. 6d., invested in the names of the official trustees.

Lecturership. - ^In 1651, £40 per annum was left by rent-charge on property at Walton, near Chesterfield ; also accumulated income in consols, producing £8 Chs. 8d. per annum.

Paul Taylor. - By his will, dated 24th December, 1640, and by deed dated 28th March, 1659, Robert Webster, in consideration of £94 received from the above Paul Taylor, granted to the governors and assistants of the Free Grammar School a yearly rent of £4 16s. , as an annual charge on his land, situate at Offnote, called Little Close, £2 12s. yearly to be distributed every Sunday in bread in the church, £1 48. to the eight almshouse people on Good Friday, and £1 towards the maintenance of a lecturer.

Edward Pegg the Elder, by his will dated Slst March, 1666, gave £5 4s. to provide six loaves of bread every week to the poor of Ashbourne, and a like number to the poor of Osmaston. He also gave a yearly rent of £5 8s. to be paid out of land and house situate at Sturston, to be equally divided between the poor of Ashbourne and Osmaston.

George Taylor, by his will dated 2nd I^Iay, 1668, gave the governors and assistants of the Ashbourne Grammar School £100, to be lent on sufHcicnt security to 10 young tradesmen, from time to time, at £5 per annum, and of the £5 thus provided he gave £2 12s. yearly to be dealt with every Sunday in bread to 12 poor of Ashbourne in the church, 88. to the eight alms people on St. Thomas's Day, 20s. to the overseers of Ashbourne, to be distributed by them to 40 poor honseholders as 6d. a-piece, and 20s. to the vicar for a sermon on certain days as he should think fit. The £100 appears to have been lent on the security of Sole Meadow, situate in Off cote, and the £5 is collected annually and distributed as aforesaid.

Long Dales Rent, - George Taylor, by his will dated 1668, gave his field called the Long Dales, containing about two acres, to the governors and assistants of the Free Grammar School, the annual rent (£5) being paid for the increase of the master's salary. Tbo remaining portion the parish clerk was allowed to occupy free. The whole of the land is now rented by Mr. B. Buxton, at a yearly rent of £10, the tenant having the right to the use of the land from Ladyday to 1st August ; the rest of the year it is thrown open to the public as a general pasture. £5 is paid to the Grammar School fund, and £5 to the churchwardens of Ashbourne for repairs of church.

Jane James^ by her will dated 18th July, 1669, gave to Thomas James, her nephew, two fields at Boston, on condition that he and his heirs should pay to eight poor people inhabiting Owfield's Almshouses 5s. each on St. Thomas's Day.

Christopher Pegg, of London, by his will dated 12th Juno, 1669, left his farm in Ashover and Wingerworth to German Pole, Gervas Bennott, and John Buxton, on the condition that they conveyed the same to the governors and assistants of the Free Grammar School In 1777, all the lands given by the above were exchanged for land situate at Brailsford, called Braiisford Park, having an average of 157a. Or. 19p. Three-fifths of the income of the above laud goes towards the payment of 7s. w^eekly to the occupants of the six almshouses situate in Church Street, and tiie remaining two-fifths to the Grammar School. By the will of Gorman Pole, dated 6th October, 1682, the estate called Kavensdale Bank, containing 29a. Or. 30p., was transferred to the governors and assistants of the Free Grammar School, the income of which is devoted towards the weekly payment as above. The sum of £18 18s. 2d. is distributed amongst the poor of Ashbourne on St. Thomas's Day. The sum of £2 12s. annually is distributed in bread to the poor of Ashbourne. The annual rent of garden, £2 2s., is applied to this charity.

Nicholas Spalden, by his will dated 16th April, 1710, gave to the governors and assistants of the Free Grammar School all his lands at Parwich, the annual income of which was to be distributed amongst the inhabitants of Owfield's Almshouses, the vicar of Ashbourne £8, and £8 to lecturer, bellringer £1. He also gave to the above governors and assistants all his messuages, lands, <tc., in the city of Dublin, in trust, to build 10 almshouses, and to pay each of the alms- people 28. fid. per week and £1 yearly for clothing. St. Patrick's Hospital is erected on the above land, the governors of which pay an annual rent charge of £210. Out of the residue of his personal estate four dergjrmen's widows' almshouses were erected in Church street ; £10 is paid to each annually, and the residue was invested in consols ; the sum of £17 13s. being paid to the Grammar School and £17 13s. to the National School, in accordance with the scheme of the Charity Com- missioners.

In 1637 NichoUis Hunt left the sum of £5 yearly, chargeable on his estate at Castorn, to be distributed weekly in bread. According to the Charity Commissioners' report of 1828, the sum of £4 was then received, which is still collected.

In 1678 John Hanson left £5 yearly, chargeable on his lands at Ashbourne, to bo distributed in bread. This was redeemed in 1874, and the proceeds invested in the names of the official trustees.

Thomas Chatterton, in 1811, left the sum of £80. This was supplemented by a publio subscription, n^ng the amount to £500, and invested in consols, the income of which is distributed amongst the occupants of Spalden's Almshouses.

312

WESTERN PARLIAMENTABY DIVISION^

Rowland Eyre, in 1624, left a rent-charge of lOs. yearly to the poor of Hassop, and the same sum to the poor of Rowland.

Eowii.VND is a small township and village containing 296^ acres of land, lying Si miles N. from Bakewell. Its ratable value is ^£910, and there are 57 inhabitants living in 11 houses. The subsoil is limestone, and the land is chiefly laid down in pasture. Chas. S. Leslie, Esq., is lord of the manor, and sole owner.

LOCAL INFORMATION.

County Magistrates for Bakewell Petti Sessional Division.

Robert Wm. Mills Nesfield, Esq., D.L., Gastld George Hy. Gammell, Esq., Brookfield Manor,

hill, Bakewell

Hathersage, Sheffield

Bakewell

^lajor McCrcagh-Thornhill, Stanton hall, Bakewell

Smith Taylor-Whitehead, Esq., D.L., Burton R- Clifford Smith, Esq., Ashford haU, BakeweD

Closes, Bakewell | Wilson Martin, Esq., Edensor, Bakewell

WIT 'w * t:i r,r. i.j i a u* J I John Edward Barker, Esq., Q.C., Brooklaads,

William Fenton, Esq., Churchdale, Ashford, Bakewell

Ghivs. Eyre Bradshaw Bowles, Esq., Abney

manor, Hathersage, Sheffield M. Hunter, Esq., Stoke hall, near Sheffield

Clerk to the Magistrates - Herbert Brooke Taylor, Esq., Bakewell.

Petty Sessions are held at the Town Hall, Bakewell, on the first and third Fridays in the month. The following places are included in the petty sessional division: - Abney, Ashfoid, Bakewell, Baslow and Bubnell, Beeloy, Birchover, Blackwell, Brushfield, Gorbar, Galver, Cbel- morton, Chatsworth, Edensor, Elton, Eyam, Eyam Woodlands, Froggatt, Flagg, Foolow, Giatton, Grindlow, HarUiill, Hathersage, Highlow, Hucklow Great and Little, Hassop, Hazle- badgo, Ilartington Middle Quarter, Ivonbrook Grange, Litton, Longstone Great and Little, Middleton and Smerrill, Monyash, Nether Padley, IS ether Haddon, Offerton, Outseats, Over Hiiddon, Pilsloy, Rowland, Rowsley, Sheldon, Stanton, Stoney Middleton, Taddington and Priestcliff, Tides well, Wardlow, Wheston, Winster, Youlgrave.

Urban District Council.

Smith Taylor-Whitehead, Esq., J.P., D.L., chairman ; John Knox, M.D., John Ed. Barker, lOsq., Q.G., J. P., Wm. liodfern, p]sq., Pliilip Sheldon Fentem, M.D., John Foster, Jas. Taylor, Esq., John Roberts Thompson, and Tlionias AUsop

Clerk - Francis J. Taylor, Esq.

Cuanlians - Ho rb.'rt Brooke Taylor, George Bvichan, and Isaac Bagshaw

Clerk of liakewcll liural District Council- Gcorgo Leigh

Burial Board.

Clcrk~¥, J. Taylor

Superintendent of Ccm:tery - George Humpage

PuiiLic Establishments.

Hdkewell ,ind High Peak Institute, Town Hall ;

K. B. Wrench. M.B., hon. sec. ; A. J. Adams,

treasurer l^iapensin-j/dnd I.tfing-in Hospital, King street;

William Redfearn, Esq., hon. sec; A. J.

Adams, I'.sq., treasurer rarnwrs' Club-W. 1). Wintorbottom, Esq.,

IMesi.iont ; William Smith, seeretary Con.s,'rvat:re Clul* Ouke of Rutland, presi-

dei\t ; T. H. Mellor. hon. soo. florticulti,r,il Sik'iety A J. .\dftms. troiwsun^r ;

M

.Ios,*pl» Kv'^ors, soo. Show held in August' otkouj .W.M\<t Chth Smith Tavlor-White- head. Ksq.. J.l\. 0.1,., prt^Hidont ; William

Ro\i(oaiu, Hoon^tary

Public Officers.

Collector of Poor Rates - William Smith Collector of Taxes - Thos. H. Brown, Town HaU Crown Surveyor of Taxes - Jas. Hunter, Towr»

HtUl Inland Revenue Officer - Harry Staniforth ^ Inco7fie Tax Collectors - Geo. Pumiss, Matlocr street, for Bakewell, Hassop, Itowland, Ashford ; Henry Tott for Birchover, and Nether Haddon, Harthill, Rowsley « Stanton, Winster, Youlgrave, Middleton, an.^ Smerrill Inspector of \Vei{!hts and Measures - Gol. W. A.. Shortt. Market Hall ; last Wed. in themontJi Market Tolls Colkctor-^WWUskin Smith Superintendent of Police for Bakewell Divi- sion - William Lytle

High Peak Hatriers - W. D. Wintorbotto©, Esq., master ; R. Fairclough, huntsman

Bakkwell Union.

The Board meetings are held every altecoite Monday, at 11-30 a.m.

Chairman - His Grace the Duke of Dcvonahint

K.G. Vice-chairvian - The Rev. Joseph Hall, MXi

Edensor Clt-rk to the Guardians and Superintended

Registrar - QeoTge Leigh, Esq. Deputy Superintendent Registrar - 0. H.

Gloss p, Esq. Treasurer - C. H Glossop, Esq. Auditor-^lL. G. ChamherLBkiii, Ssq., LeioeBlec

BABTON BLOUNT.

319

BARTON BLOUNT.

This is a parish and township in the hundred of Appletree, electoral and petty sessionid division of Sudbury ; union and county court district of Burton- on-Trent ; and deanery of Longford. For the election of rural district councillor Barton Blount has been added to Church Broughton.

The estimated extent o| the parish is 1,1^^ acres, ratable value £1,718, and population 76. Miss Caroline Bradshaw is lady of the manor and principal owner; Reginald Chandos-Fole, Esq., has a small estate here.

The manor of Barton was one of the many given by William the Conqueror to Henry de Ferrers ; and it was held under him by one Ralph. In the 13th century Barton was held under the Ferrers by the Bakepuze family, and after the forfeiture of the Ferrers lands, it was held by the same family under the Earl of Lianeaster The manor was then known as Barton Bakepuze. The next owners were the Blounts, who purchased the manor in 1381, and four years later Sir Walter Blount obtained a charter of free warren over this and his other manors. Sir Walter was afterwards slain at the battle of Shrewsbury, where he was the Icing's standard bearer. The family for several generations had their chief resi- dence here, and Blount superseded Bakepuze as the suffix of the place-name. Another Walter, grandson or great-grandson of the above, was an especial favourite of Edward IV., by whom he was appointed Lord High Treasurer in 1464, and in the following year was created Lord Mountjoy, with a pension of twenty marks. James, sixth Lord Mountjoy, becoming involved in pecuniary difficulties, sold the manor and advowson of Barton to John Merry, gentleman, of London. After four descents in this family, the estate came to an heiress, who married a Simpson. The issue of this marriage was Merry Simpson, who, about the year 1700, retired to a French monastery, and Barton was purchased from his trustees in 1751 by Sir Nathaniel Curzon. Subsequently it passed by an exchange to Francis Bradshaw, Esq.

The hall is a handsome mansion of stone, situated in a picturesque park, 12 miles W. from Derby, and Si from Tutbury station on the North Staffordshire Railway. The building, before it was modernised by alterations and additions, was a castellated structure, surrounded by a moat. It was garrisoned by Col. Gell for the Roundheads during the Civil Wars, and skirmishes took place here in 1645 and 1646 between the garrison and the royal soldiers from Tutbury.

There is no village. The church, which is dedicated to St. Chad, stands near the hall. It is a small rectangular edifice of stone, with a bell turret without a bell, rebuilt in the reign of Queen Anne, but its mantle of ivy gives it an ancient aud venerable appearance. It was thoroughly renovated and re-pewed in 1854. A recessed arch from the old church has been retained in the north wall of the chancel. Under it lies the effigy of a lady, supposed to represent one of the Bakepuze family. There are four memorial windows and three marble tablets to the Bradshaws. The living is a rectory, net value £76, in the gift of Miss Bradshaw, and held in conjunction with Boyleston by the Rev. N. I. Hill- Fyson, M.A.

Letters via Foston, Derby. Nearest Post and Money Order Office, Broughton (one mile).

Nearest Telegraph Office, Foston (three miles).

District Councillor for Church Broughton and Barton Blount - R. Bott, Esq.

Austin Philip, gamekeeper

Cbawner John, estate carpenter

Cooper Francis, Esq., The Hall

Bumiss Harry, butler, The Hall

l^arr Samuel, coachman. The Hall

Reeve Mrs. Hannah, housekeeper. The Hall

Wood John, head gurdener. The Hall

Farmers.

Copestake George, Goraty Fields

Gamble Joseph, Lodge Hill

Hawksworth (Mrs. Eliz. A.) & Son (Thos.), Fields

Mort Charles, Barton park

Tupham Thomas, Barton house

BASLOW. 321

" Underneath here was interred ye body of Thomas Marple, son to John and Elizabeth Marple, of this town, who departed this life Aug. 17th, a.d., 1742.

0 youth consider and be wise, Lest sudden death do you surprise, Short was my time as it appears

1 not exceeding 16 years,

My friends I desired to cease their tears * I shall arise when Christ appears.

And near this place lyeth ye body of Helen Marple, grandmother to Thos. Charles Ck>ok, schuisit.*'

A monumental slab or coflBn lid, of considerable antiquity, discovered during the alterations, is built into the wall of the porch. On it are sculptured a cross and two keys. The signification of the latter is not known with certainty, but they probably indicate someone in authority. The font is ancient, and there are two very old oak chairs in the chancel. The dog whip, with which of old canine intruders were whipped out of church, is still preserved in the vestry, and we believe is the only one now in existence. The parish registers date from 1670. The living is a vicarage, net value £310, held by the Eev. J. Stockdale, M.A., rural dean, who was inducted in 1859. The patronage was formerly vested in the vicar of Bakewell, but was transferred in 1811 to the Duke of Devonshire.

The Wesleyan Methodists have a chapel in the villskge capable of seating 200 persons.

There is an excellent National School, erected at a cost, including master's house, of £2,000. The site was given by the Duke of Kutland. There is also a high-class boarding school, where boys are prepared for the universities, the public schools, or for professional or commercial careers. The house named **The Beeches" stands within its own grounds, and contains tennis lawns, cricket and football field, and glass-covered play ground. Principal, Frederick Powell, F.R.G.S., &c.

BuhnM is a hamlet on the west side of the Derwent, containing 2,400 acres, and forms a joint township with Baslow. At the time of the Domesday Survey, it was a here wick of the Boyal manor of Ashford, but has long been united with Baslow. William Eyre, a grandson of Kobert Eyre, of Padley, purchased the manor of Bubnell in the 16th century. It subsequently belonged to the Bassets, of Blore, from whom it passed, by marriage, to the Copwoods. Bubnell Hall, formerly the residence of the Eyres, the IBassets, and Copwoods, is an ancient building near the river and sheltered by trees. The land is chiefly in pasture and meadow. Great attention is given to the breeding of shorthorn cattle, which have carried off prizes at all the principal shows in the district.

Bramhky is a hamlet of one farm, situated at the northern extremity of Bubnell.

Charities. - 77?/ wjp^rfij/ Chapman, by will in 1777, left certain land on trust, the rents thereof to be thus appropriated: - 20s. yearly to the schoolmaster of Stanton Ford, in tliis parish; 10s. to the clergyman for preaching a sermon on the 5th November; 19s. to the poor of Baslow and Bubnell; and lOs. to the poor of Calver, Curbar, and Froggatt. The Gunpowder Plot sermon has long been discontinued. Robert Stafford gave £G0, which was invested in land, the rent of which is divided equally between the minister, the schoolmaster, and the poor; and Whit^*8 charity, the rent of 6a. 3r. 22p. of land, is divided in like manner, (iisborne's flannel charity is also distributed yearly.

Post, Moruy Order, Telegraph Office, and Savings Bank ; Mrs. Esther Stroyan, postmistress. Letters, via Chesterfield, arrive at 6-20 a.m. and 4-30 p.m., and are despatched at 10-10 a.m. and 5-20 p.m. to Bakewell, and 9-0 p.m. to Chesterfield.

Urban District Councillors - B. Hodgkinson, chairman; S. Hibberd, A. J. Tomlinson, H. Froggatt, C. Ollivant, and C. Pride.

Clerk - James Jackson.

Guardian - Joseph Ecoles.

Bacon Alexander, gamekeeper Baslow Oas Light & Coke Co., Ltd. ; Abraham Ellis, manager

Baslow Hydpopathic Establish- ment, Lid. ; Miss Jane Ann Halton, manageress

U

BIOOIN AND BONSALL.

325

Two large fairs are held at Newhaven, on the second Tuesday in September and the dOth of October, which are attended by buyers of horses, cattle, and sheep from distant parts of the country. These fairs are also markets for all kinds of merchandise. Pike Hall, on the Winster road, comprises four farms, two of which are in this township. There is a small Wesleyan chapel here, built in 1864.

HARTINGTON NETHER QUARTER.

Xjetters, via Ashbourne and Hartington Town, for Biggin, Heathcote, and Newhaven. Pillar Box (Biggin) cleared 1-80. Pike Hall - Letters via Winster, Matlock Bath. Nearest Bail- way Station, Parsley Hay, London and North- Western Railway.

Parish Councillors - P. W. Stubbs, George Kirkham, John Shaw, George Pett, Thomas P. Sims.

Rural District Councilor - Thomas Finney.

Beetham Matthew, viot., Waterloo Inn, Biggin Bland Mrs. Elizabetii, boot and shoe dealer,

Biggin Clowes Mr. James, Bank house, Biggin Derbyshire Silicate Fire Brick Co., Friden

station, London and North- Western High

Peak Railway Finney Mr. Thomas, Biggin grange Fonlger Rev. John, Vicarage Gould Edmund, Biggin Gould John, Biggin Gould Mr. Richard, Biggin hall Mellor Thomas, yiot.! Newhaven House (and

farmer) Milner James, district surveyor of highways,

Biggin Moss Mrs. Mary, vict.. Jug and Glass Inn Newham Mrs. F^rances, shopkeeper, Biggin Pett William, shopkeeper. Biggin Pett William, beerhouse Boper WiUiam, goods agent, L. and N. W.

Railway, Friden station Sims Thomas P. Stubbs Francis William, com merchant.

Biggin Thewlis David, schoolmaster. Biggin Thewlis Miss Emma Matilda, schoolmistress Watson Anthony, blacksmith. Old Bull's

Head

Farmers.

Archer Mrs. Emma, Heathcote

Atkin Mrs. Iklarv, Newhaven

Bland John Thomas, Biggin

Brindley John, Heathcote

Brindley Joseph, Biggin

Brindley William, Heathcote

Dain William

Dakin Mrs. Jane, Upper house

Derbyshire John, Biggin

Featherstone Mrs. Elizabeth, Heathcote

Finney Thomas, Biggin grange

Gould Richard Edmund & John (and owners),

Biggin hall Housley Thomas, Friden grange Kirkham George (and owner), Heathcote Lomas Arthur, Biggin Mellor Thomas, Newhaven house Milnes James, Biggin Milner Thomas, Biggin Moss George, Biggin Percival Thomas, Yew Tree house Percival W^illiam, Stanedge Salt Joseph, Biggin Shaw John, Pike hall, Winster Stubbs William, Ivy house Waine Mrs. Mary, Heathcote Wager Andrew Wood George, Biggin Wood William, Cottage farm

BONSALL.

This is a parish and township in the hundred, petty sessional division, county court district, and deanery of Wirksworth, county council division of Winster, and union of Ashbourne. Under the Local Government Act it forms an urban parish, and elects two urban guardians. The total acreage is 2,750 ; ratable value, £4,621 ; and population, 1,329. The land is limestone, and belongs to several ov^ners, the principal of whom are H. F. Prince, Esq., and Francis Hemstock, Esq., Slaley Hall.

In Domesday Book, Bonsall (Bunteshale) is entered as a hamlet of the Koyal manor of Metesforde, but the latter name has long disappeared from our local nomenclature, nor is the site known. Bonsall was subsequently granted to the Earl of Lancaster, and continued annexed to the Duchy of Lancaster till 1630, when Charles I. granted it to Charles Harbord, Esq., and others, who, two years later, sold it to the Earl of Dover. In 1633 it was purchased by the copyholders, subject to the payment of a fee farm rent to the Crown, and each copyholder's share of the royalties is in proportion to the amount of his copyhold rent.

B0N8ALL.

827

Slaley is a small village half-a-mile S. from Bonsall. Slaley Hall, the residence of Francis Hemstock, Esq., is an antique looking structure with thatched roof, overlooking Via Gellia. The latter is the fanciful Latinised name of a beautiful walk constructed by the late Philip Gell, Esq., through an enchanting ravine extending through Gromford into Bonsall. The steep, rugged sides are thickly wooded, and the luxuriant growth of lilies of the valley and other wild flowers render the scene one of indescribable loveliness. Here are the works of the Via Gellia Paint and Colour Manufacturing Co., noticed above.

Charities. - An unknown donor left £1 IDs. per annum, which is distributed in bread on Good Friday. A person named Needham left £2 18s. yearly for the same purpose ; emd the poor also receive £5 10b. from the B. F, Qi8boume*8 bequest. (See Bradley,)

Poet, Parcels^ Money Order, Savings Bank, and Annuity Office : Charles Eirkland, postmaster. Letters, via Matlock Bath, arrive at 6-0 a.m. and are despatched at 7-15 p.m., week days only. Nearest Telegraph Office and Railway Station, Comford (IJ miles.)

Urban District Councillors - James Wright, J. P., chairman; Charles Kirkland, vice-chairman; Edward Siddall, Alfred Axe, Isaac Doxey, J. F. Donegani, F. Pajrsons. William Slater, and William Walker.

CUrk - P. C. Lymn.

Surveyor - F. Hartle.

Guardians - Charles Kirkland and Alfred Axe.

Axe Alfred, builder and contractor

BaJcer James, blacksmith

Bertram Samuel, hosiery manufacturer

Bo&well Alfred, colour manufctr., Nether Green

Bothamley & Sons, grocers, &c. ; and at Derby ; F. Parsons, manager

Briddon Joseph, Clatterway

Bunting Job, frame work knitter

Banting Percy, shopkeeper

Banting Thos., assistant overseer and farmer

Cotterill Benjamin Burton, Nether Green

Crofts Charles, commission agent

Crofts Mrs. Elizabeth, fancy draper

Doxey Isaac, vict.. Queen's Head

Fom Henry, senr., Hollow Brook

Gregory James, vict., King's Head

Hartle Frederick, draper and outfitter, sur- veyor and collector Bonsall urban district council, Clatterway

Hastings Mr. Godfrey, The Cascades

Hemstook Francis, Esq., Slaley hall

Hollis Thomas, Esq., Herbert lodge

Keys Francis, vict., Miners' Standard

Kirkland Charles postmaster, joiner, builder and contractor. Cross

Knowles John, farmer, Mowbray Hole

Kitchingman Rev. John, Rectory

Longden William Henry, BonsaU lodge

Loxley Thomas & Son, rope makers

Oliver Colin Campbell, vict.. Fountain Inn

Oliver Joseph, vict., Pig of Lead Inn

Parsons Frederick, grocers* manager, Cross

Peach Miss, schoolmistress

Peake Peter Lisson, schoolmaster

Priestley George, butcher

Prince John Thomas, bootmaker

Prince Mrs. Margaret, The Study

Reeds James, grocer and baker

BiddaU Edwajd, farmer

fflator William, mason Q.)

Tomlinson Miss, Uppertown

Tvigg Miss Eliza

Via Qellia Paint and Colour works

Vise W. Henry, baker

Walker William, vict.. Barley Mow Inn and maeon, Dale

White Charles, bootmaker

Whitehead John William, late army suigeon^

Indian forces, Slaley Worthy Charles Wright James, Esq., J.P., chairman urban

district council, The Dale Wright Walter, engineer, Via Gellia Young William, grocer, &c., Yeoman street

Farmers.

AUsop Thomas

Axe Alfred (and brooder of shire horses).

Manor house Bamford Robert Boam George Brooks Alfred Brown Edwin Brown Frederick Bunting Job, Sunside Bunting Thomas, Dale Buxton Joseph Dale George, Chismet farm Dale George Henry Smith, Uppertown Donegani Joseph P., Low Durden Edwin Elliott Samuel Fern Thomas, Slaley Gratton Francis Gratton John Holbrook John William Howsley George Kinder Mrs. Mary, Bright gate Knowles Henry (and coal merchant) Knowles John, Mowbray Hole Oliver Colin Campbell Ropor Francis, Moor Sellers Henry George, Cross Siddall Edward, Bank Slack Joseph, Slaley Smedloy Honry, Leys Smedley James (and cool merchant) Smedley Joseph, Bright gate Swindell Samuel, Dale Top Worthy David Wright James, Uppertown Wright James, Dale

t

BRADBOUBN. 331

also lord of the manor. The ratable value is £692, and the population 40. It is in the Bakewell union and rural district, and forms a united parish with Ivonbrook Grange, returning one rural district councillor. The manor was given by Sewallis, ancestor of the Shirley family, to the monks of Darley, in the reign of Henry IV. The monks had a grange here, to which there was probably attached a chapel. Afterwards the grange was granted, by Edward VI., to Sir Thomas Heneage and Lord Willoughby, who sold it the following year to Robert Gox, or Goch It subsequently passed to the Manners, and was given by Queen Elizabeth to John Hardwick, whose daughter, the famous Bess of Hardwick, married Sir William Cavendish. A late Duke of Devonshire exchanged this estate with the Duke of Butland.

Lea Hall, formerly extra-parochial, is a small township comprising three farms, belonging chiefly to Sir William FitzHerbert, Bart., who is also lord of the manor. There are 462 acres of land under assessment, ratable value Jg621, and population 15. For purposes of the new Local Government Act, this township Fias been added to Tissington.

Ballidon is a township and chapelry in this parish containing 1,946 acres of good limestone land, belonging chiefly to S. W. Cox, Esq., Breadsall ; Mr. Chas. Etches, Ham, Ashbourne; Mr. E. S. Bradley, Ashbourne; T. M. Gisborne, Esq., Walton-on-Trent ; Earl of Mansfield ; Thomas Bateraan, Esq., and John Sleigh, Esq. The ratable value, according to the last assessment, is £1,849, and the population, in 1891, was 87.

The manor of Belidene, as the name is spelt in Domesday Book, was part of the possessions of Ralph Fitzhubert, and in the 14th century it belonged to the Harthill family. In the following century, Elizabeth, sister and heiress of Sir Giles Harthill, married Edmund Cockayne, of Ashbourne, a younger branch of which family resided at Balhdon for several generations. Sir Edward Cockayne, who died in 1606, sold the manor to Sir Nicholas Ashley, and subsequently it passed in severalties into the families of Trott, Milward, Hurt, and others.

The village is distant about five miles N.W. from Wirksworth, and 6^ N.E. from Ashbourne. The church, which is served from Ballidon, is a small, ancient buUding in the Norman style, comprising chancel and nave, with bell turret. It is dedicated to All Saints', and stands in a field a little south of the village. In 1888 it was restored at a cost of £550. The living is annexed to Bradbourn, and the patronage is vested in the freeholders, who pay a modus of about £11 per annum in lieu of tithes.

About two miles N. by W. of the village is Minninglow Barrow^ wherein have been several ancient burials. The tumuli were opened by Mr. Bateman, and a full account is given in his ** Diggings in Celtic and Saxon Graves."

For the purpose of carrying out the Local Government Act of 1894, Ballidon has been added to Bradbourn.

BKADBOURN TOWNSHIP.

Letters via Ashboome, arrive at 8-10 a.m., and are despatched at 4-45 p.m., by mail-cart.

Nearest Money Order and Telegraph Office, Parwich, 2 miles. District Councillor - William Wright.

Burton Bobert, butler

Eyre Samuel, gardener

Peam Miss Ann, dressmaker

Gamble Rev. Arthur, M.A., The Vicarage

Ginnis Mrs. Sarah, Sandpitlow

Hartshome Albert, Esq., F.S.A., Bradbourn

hall Heath William James, carter Mimdell Miss A., schoolmistress NorclijSe Miss Alice, postmistress Norcliffe Thomas, gardener Wright Frank, miller; h Ashbourne

FaFmers.

Buxton William, Mellow Meadows

Gerrard John, Hoult Leys

Lamb John, Park farm

Lomas Richard, Bradbourn Mill farm

Robinson John and George Henry, White

Meadow Seals John, Nethertown Hall Torr William Evans, Bank Top Trafiord, George Henry (and joiner) Udalc Charles (and shopkeeper) Watson Richard, Bank House Webster Francis, Crow Trees Webster Henry, Bank Top Wright James, Sandpitlow Wright William, junior, Clapgate Wright William, senior. Haven Grange

BRADLEY AND 6RAS8INGT0N.

338

with the parish, is a wooden tablet bearing the arms and motto of that family. Francis MeyneU, the purchaser of the manor, was buried here in 1696, and a marble tablet records the burial of William Byrom, of Byrom hall, Lancashire, gent., in 1675, and of his son Thomas, in 1714. A tablet to the memory of Harriet Squambella, who died in 1821 at the age of nine, bears an eulogistic epitaph. The registers date from 1579. The living is a rectory, net value £230, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield, and held by the Be v. Jas. Furley Trevitt, B.A. The tithes were commuted in 1838 for £271 ; there are 60 acres of glebe.

At the S.E. extremity of the parish are three farms bearing the name of Bradley Old Park. The Pastures is a farm containing 423 acres and a substantial house, in the occupation of Mr. W. H. Tomlinson, whose ancestors farmed Sturston Hall estate for close upon three centuries.

Gharttiss. - ^The poor receive 208. yearly from Walker's charity, left in 1691, and £5 10s. from the Bev. Franois Oisbome's hequest, which is distrihuted in flannel and warm clothing.

Post Office, at William Clarke's. Letters, via Ashhoumc, arrrive at 7-55 a.m., and are despatched

at 4-55 p.m. No delivery or despatch on Sunday. Nearest Money Order and Telegraph Office, Osmaston (2 miles). Nearest Railway Station,

Ashbourne (3J miles). District CottnciZ2or - William Hides Tomlinson

Bordis William, ooachman

Clayton Thomas, gamekeeper

Dixon Greo. Moore, Esq., J.P., Bradley hall

Friendly Society, held at Fox and Hoimds ; T.

Ferny hough, secretary Hill Joseph, bricklayer Hartshome Mrs. Faimy, laundress Pearson Henry Spencer, M.A., private school,

Lodge Salt Mrs. Sarah Trevitt Rev. James Furley, B.A. (Corp. Chris.

Coll., Cantab.), The Rectory Walters Miss Rebecca

Farmers.

Those marked * are cowkeepers.

-Alsop Thomas

-Ball George

-Black William

Bunting Alfred, Brook

Clarke Joseph, Shepherd's FoUy

-Clarke William, postmaster

-Copestake Mrs. Mary, Yews

Edwards William (and blacksmith) Iron Gate

Femyhough Thomas, Esq. (and chairman Ash- bourn Board of Guardians), The Nook

-Ford Samuel

-Hallam Frederick, Hole in the Wall

Hammersley George, Old Park

-Harrison John, Mill Dam

-Hodgkinson Mrs. Mary

-Holloway Edward, Hole in the Wall

Litchfield Joseph, Birchen Field

Litchfield Thomas, jun., Corley farm

-Litchfield Thomas, sen., Knoll cottage

Litchfield William, Birchen Field

Mansfield John, Old Park

Marple Henry, Old Park

Mellor Thos. (and shoemaker and parish clork)

-Redfern Francis, Hole in the Wall

Ride George (and blacksmith)

Riley Samuel, Hole in the Wall

-StalTor.1 William

Tomlinson William H., The Pastures

Weston Thomas (farm bailiff to G. M. Dixon > Esq.), The Knob

Wool ley George (and builder)

Woolloy Thomas (and cattle dealer)

Yates Henry (and vict.), Fox and Hounds

BRASSINGTON.

This is a parish and township in the wapentake, petty sessional division, county court district and deanery of Wirksworth, county council division of Hartington, union and rural district of Ashbourne. In carrying out the new Local Government Act a parish council of six members has been assigned to it, with one representative on the district council. The total area of the parish is 4,145 acres, ratable value £5,296, and the population 690. The land belongs to several proprietors, of whom the most extensive are H. C. Pole-Gell, Esq., Joseph Wheatcroft, Esq., John Watson, Esq., George Charlton, Esq., Exors. of Sir Joseph Whitworth, Bart., Lord Scarsdale, and George Slater, Esq. A substratum of limestone underlies the parish and characterises the soil, which is chiefly laid down in meadow and pasture. The parish was once famous for its cheese, but very little is now made, the farmers finding it more remunerative to sell the milk, which is forwarded to Manchester and other towns from Longcliff station, on the.

336

WESTERN FARLIAMENTABY DIVISION.

battlements. On a snn-dial in the soath wall is inscribed ** Be-edified 1648, W.I," The gallery at the west end was erected by Sir Philip Gell, Bart., in 1704, for the use of his tenants in Hopton. The church was repaired and re« roofed in 1854 at a cost of £300, and in 1874 it was reseated with open benches, and a south porch added. The font is octagonal, and is believed to date from the 14th century. The registers commence in 1592, and contain several interesting entries : e.g, - ** 1637. In this year was the parsonage house built." ** 1638. The view tree was sett in the churchyard of Garsington by Wm. Thorpe, rector, Thom. and Ralph Gell, and Edward Valenc, upon the feast day of St. Simon and St. Jude." This probably refers to the venerable yew tree still standing in the churchyard. ** 1688, September 29th. Sarah Tissington, a poor young woman, bom into the world without any hands or arras, yet was very nimble and active in the use of her feet, with which she could not only take up things from the ground, and play at most childish games with her playfellows when she was a child, but also when grown up she could knit, dig in the garden, and do divers other services with her feet ; she was aged 24 or 25 years, and departed this life the day and year aforesaid ; born and buried at Garsington."

The living is a rectory, formerly in the gift of the Dean of Lincoln, but transferred some years ago to the Bishop of Lichfield, and thence to the Bishop of Southwell on the formation of that see. In 1536 the clear yearly income was returned at £5 Is. lOd. ; present net value is £130, derived from tithe rent-charge and 45 acres of glebe. Eector, the Eev. Francis Henry Brett, M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge, for whom the Rev. G. Gadogan, M.A., officiates. John OldficUlj an eminent Puritan divine, held the benefice during the Commonwealth, but was ejected in 1662 for his non-conformity His son, Dr, Joshua Oldfield, a learned Presbyterian divine, was born here in 1656, and published some valui^le treatises on the Improvement of Human Reason and on the Trinity.

A Free School was founded in 1727 by Mrs. Temperance Gell, of Hopton, who left £220 to be laid out in the purchase of land for its endowment. The testatrix directed that twenty poor children of Hopton and Garsington should be taught and clothed. By the recent Education Act the school is free to all, and the income from the endowment is expended in necessaries for the children. A large classroom and a playground have been added, and the school is now oDeof the best equiiiped and most comfortable in the county. There are 70 children on the books ; Mr. Wni. Henry Pedder, master; Miss Susan Patience Allsop, pupil teacher.

The 01(1 Rectory House, erected in 1G37, is a substantial building, with stone- inullioned windows, now occu])ied by Mr. Ethvard Naylor. In the garden is aa ancient sun-dial, dated 1671. A reading-room, formed out of two cottages givea by H. C. Pole-Gell, Esq., has been established in the village.

Cii.viUTiKs. - Tlu' sum of io 10s., received from the bequest of the Rev. Francis Gisbome, i* exj)on(li!d in warm clotliing for the poor, and a rent-charge in lieu of two beast gates is paid by Mr. Gell.

Letters, via Wirksworth, arc delivertd at 8-0 a.m. Wall Box cleared at 5-0 p.Tn. Nearest Post,

^loney Order, and Telegraph Oflico, Wirksworth (three miles).

District Coinicillor - Henry Taylor.

Bacon John, load minor Banks John, .siioomaker Bolas Croorge, head gardener at Hopton hall,

Rose cottage Brett Rov. Francis Henry, ^I.A., The Rectory Friendly Society ; "Edward Naylor, secretary (rodbohore John, butcher Godbehero Mrs. Hannah, dressmaker Hitchcock Edward, parish clerk Naticrtuil School ; William Henry Pedder, head

master ; Miss S. P. Allsop, pupil teacher Oldfield Mrs. Ellon, The Owslows

Steeples James, shoemaker

Taylor Henry (H. & W. Taylor), bone inaniw® manufacturer, and agent for Major ThornhH* and Rev. Hamilton GeU, Thomhill house

Fanneps.

Beard John, White house

Bowler Joseph, Kingsford

Buxton Edmund, The Breach

Buxton Thomas

Calderbank William, Kennels Meadow

Cauldwoll Thomas, Way Land

.I

1

OABBINOTON AND CHELMOBTOX.

337

Blliot Mt8. Bath, Shiningford

Ijamb Francis (and viot.), Greyhound, Knock-

a- Down Mellor Charles (and viot.), Miner's Arms

Nay lor Edward, Old Rectory

Oldfield Exors. of the late John, The Owslows

Steeples William

Stone William, Brook Knowl

CHELMORTON.

This parish comprises the townships of Chelmorton aod Flagg, coDtaining 3,734 acres, and 445 inhabitants. It is in High Peak hundred, county council division of Tideswell, petty sessional division, county court district, union, and rural district of Bake well, and deanery of Buxton.

The country around is treeless, and unpicturesque stone walls take the place of hedgerows.

The township of Chelmorton embraces 1,968 acres of limestone land, which is wholly in grass. The ratable value is £1,847, and the population in 1891 was 269, showing an increase of 37 since 1881. The principal landowners are the Duke of Devonshire, the vicar of Bakewell, Exors. of Thomas Swann, Exors. of Thomas Buxton, the Rev. William Marsden, Exors. of Saumel Percival, Stephen Melland, Monyash; John Bateman Bagshaw Esq., Highlow Hall, Hathersage ; Exors. of Bev. S. Cook, John Cookson, and the Exors. of Joseph Hallam.

Chelmorton is not mentioned in the Domesday Book. It is parcel of the Boyal manor of the High Peak; and the mineral rights are leased from the Crown by the Duke of Devonshire. Two-thirds of the tithes of the demesne pasture lands were appropriated to the priory of Lenton, and the remaining third to the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield. The Talbots had a subordinate manor here in the reign of Elizabeth, which subsequently passed to the Eyres, of Hassop; and the Foljambes also held land for several centuries at Chelmorton.

The village is situated 5 miles S.W. from Tideswell, 4i miles S.E. from Buxton, 7 miles from Bakewell, and 4 miles from Millers Dale station, on the Midland railway. The church, which is dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is an ancient and interesting edifice, situated at a considerable elevation above the sea level. Glover gives the year of erection as 1111, and says that date was found on an oak beam of the old roof; but C. S. Greaves, Esq., Q.C., writing in the " Archoeological Journal," says that he examined the beam end then preserved in a museum at the entrance to Poole's Cavern, but foun^ no date upon it, only a carving representing "four pillars supporting the floor of a chamber, or some object of that description." Chelmorton was formerly a chapelry of Bakewell, and there was undoubtedly a chapel here in Norman times. In 12^6, leave was granted to Henry Foljambe and four other residents of Chelmorton to found a perpetual chantry in the chapel of Chelmorton, with rights of sepulture in the adjoining cemetery; and Dr. Cox is of the opinion that the whole fabric was rebuilt or very considerably restored about that time. It consists of chanceU nave, north and south aisles, south transept, south porch, and west tower,, surmounted by a spire, containing four bells. The church was for several years under restoration, which was completed in 1874, at a cost of about £2,000, raised by public subscription. Crossing the chancel arch is an old stone screen, a very unusual feature in parish churches. It stands about 5^ feet high, and is sur- mounted by an embattled parapet, with quatrefoil openings. The front is divided into panels of tracery. The old stone sedilia remain, but they are not very elaborate. The arches of the south aisle are semicircular, and those on the north are pointed. The transept was probably the chantry founded by Henry Foljambe and others. There were, at least, three altars in the church in Catholic times, as shown by the three piscinsB that remain. The font is of great antiquity, and is curiously carved. Not the least interesting feature of the church is the collection of sepulchral slabs in the porch. There are about a dozen fairly perfect, and fragments of many others. Five of these were discovered, apparently,

OHELMOBTON AND OHUBCH BROUOHTON.

339

Letters, via Buxton. Letter Box oloses 8-80, week days only. Rural District Councillor - William Swindell.

Bfikgshaw William, joiner

Bramwell Richard, yict., Charch Inn

Dawson William, shopkeeper

Dickin Mrs. Ellen, vict., Duke of York Inn

Phillips Rev. Robert, Vicarage

Smith William, blackunith

FarmePB.

Austin Daniel

Barber Benjamin

Boam Joseph (and joiner)

Bradbury William

Dawson Peter

Dawson Samuel

Dickin Mrs. Ellen (and vict., Duke of York

Inn) Dickin George, Brierlow farm

Gyte Anthony

Gyte Samuel

Hawley John

Hodgkinson George Simpson

Howe Samuel

Mosely Henry

Oliver Matthew

Percival George

Percival George Henry

Percival Thomas, senr. (and grocer)

Percival John

Robinson Joseph

Robinson Richard

Simpson Michael

Skidmore Thomas

Swindell William

Wild Joseph

FLAGG TOWNSHIP.

Letters, via Buxton. Letter Box cleared 2-50, week days only.

Fotherby John

Hand Miss Maiy, schoolmistress. National

school Hodgkinson Thomas, painter, groeer, and rate

collector Needham Richard, vict.. Plough Inn, and

cattle dealer

Farmers.

Bunting Thomas (and carrier to BuMton^

Satuzday) Dickin John, Flagg Moor Dunn Francis Finney James, Baok-of-the-Hili

Hodgkinson John

My cock John, Rock Field house

Mycock Joseph Edward

Mycock William, Town Head

Naylor Samuel (and cattle dealer)

Needham John, senr.

Needham John, junr. (and cattle dealer)

Needham Joseph

Needham Richard

Needham Wiliam

Roose Thomas

Shimwell George

Wilmot Miss Ann, Holly farm

Wilton Samuel

CHURCH BROUOHTON.

Tkis is a parish and township in Appletree hundred', county oouncil and petty sessional division of Sudbury, county court district and union of Burton -on - Trent, rural district of Bepton, and deanery of Longford. Five parish councillors have been assigned to it under the Local Government Act of 1894, and, united with Barton Blount, it elects one district councillor. The boundaries of the civil and ecclesiastical parish are not coinaident at all points. The area of the former is 2,000 acres, ratable value £3,852, and the population in 1891 was 465. The principal landowners are the Duke of Devonshire, who is lord of the manor ; Henry Jack Gumming, Esq. ; Miss G. Bradshaw ; John Harrison, Esq., Snelston Hall ; Miss E. Sampson, Bent House ; William S. Richardson, Esq., Quarndon ; and Mr. Vernon Myatt, Leek. The soil is strong and fertile, and is chiefly in meadow and pasture. A large quantity of fruit is grown. There is a bed of excellent clay, which is manufactured into bricks, &c., that commamd a ready sale.

At the time of ttie Domesday Survey, this manor, then called Broctune, belonged to the family of Ferrers ; and when, shortly afterwards, the priory of Tutbury was founded, Henry de Ferrers bestowed it upon the monks of that bouse. There does not appear to have been any church on the estate at the time of the grant, but one was erected very soon afterwards, most probably at the -expense of the convent, and the place was thenceforth distinguished as Kirke- broughton, or Church Broughton. The manor remained in the possession of the jnon&s till the dissolution of monasteries by Henry YIII. ; and, in 1552, Edward

CHUBCH BBOUGHION AND CLIFTON.

341

House, half-a-mile east of the village, is the property and residence of Miss Sampson.

Sapperton is a hamlet, comprising three farms and a few cottages, 1^ miles "west from Church Broughton. It is a distinct manor, and is mentioned in Domes- day Book as part of the Ferrers' lands, and was held by one Eoger. It afterwards belonged to the Blounts, and, in 1385, Sir Walter Blount had a grant of free warren in this and his other manors. A family named Sapperton possessed this estate in the reign of Henry VTII. The manor afterwards passed to the Agards, of Foston, and, in 1675, was sold by John Agard to Adam Wolley, from whose descendants it was purchased by Edmund Evans, Esq. Elizabeth, the daughter and heiress of that gentleman, married John Harrison, Esq., of Snelston Hall, vrhose son is the present owner. The Manor House is an ancient building in the occupation of Mr. George Edge, farmer. The tithes of Sapperton have been alienated.

Post and Money Order Office, at Mr. George Bannister's. Letters, via Foston, Derby, arrive at

7-5 a.xn., despatched 6-35 p.m. No Sunday business. Nearest Telegraph Office, Foston (2 miles). Nearest Railway Station, Tutbury (3 miles)

Parish Councillors - Rev. W. Auden, chairman ; R. Bott, Esq., G. Edge, Jas. Tipper, G. Brown.

District Councillor^ "R, Bott, Esq.

Allsopp William, wheelwright (j.)

Archer Frederick

Archer Mr. Thomas, The Lawn ; and at Burton-

on-Trent Auden Rev. Wm., M.A. (St. John's College,

Cantab), The Vicarage Bannister George, shoemaker and postmaster Brick Yard ; Rd Bott, Esq., proprietor Brown German, grocer Daubney Mr. Edwin Dean Thomas, grocer Feam Mrs. Betsy, ca»rrier to Burton, Thursday,

and Derby, Friday Hardy Isaac, shoemaker Hardy Jacob, shoemaker Harrison George, vict.. Holly Bush Hibbert Mrs. Caroline, beer retlr.. Royal Oak Hollis Alfred, blacksmith (j.) HoUis Jno., blacksmith ; h Foston Hough Mr. John, Derby house Hough John Henry, baker Jackson Mr. Daniel Jones Arthur V., schoolmaster Knight Samuel, shopkeeper Hee Joseph, police inspector Oddfellows' Lodge (M. U.), held at the HoUy

Bush ; George Bannister, secretary Police Station (Ashbourne district, Sudbury

division) ; Joseph Mee, inspector Powlson Mr. Thomas Salisbury Mrs. Harriet

Sampson Miss Elizabeth, Bent house

School (Parochial), mixed ; A. V. Jones, head

master Smith Thomas, gardener Thawley Thomas, wheelwright, Bent Tunstall James, tailor Turner George, postmaster and shoemaker Twigge Wm., farm bailifi to Rd. Bott, Esq.

Farmers.

AUsop Thos., Lees hall, Sapperton, via Sudbury

Atkins Henry John, Mount Pleasant

Bott Richard, Esq. (and guardian and church- warden). The Etchells

Edge George, Manor house, Sapperton, via Sudbury

Eyre Thomas

Foster Joseph

Jackson Mrs. Charlotte

Salisbury Henry (and carrier to Burton, Thursday)

Salisbury Thomas (and parish clerk) Old hall

Stevenson John

Tipper Ernest William, Broughton house

Tipper James, Heath house

Ward Edwin, Muse lane (and pork butcher, Burton)

Webb William, Lees Moor, Sapperton, via Sudbury

Wilkes William (and parish warden)

CLIFTON.

This parish comprises the township of Clifton and Compton, containing 1,016 acres and 550 inhabitants. The extent of land under assessment is 925 acres ; ratable value, Jg3,240. A portion of the township, containing 156 acres, lies within the Ashbourne Local Board district, and is assessed at £2,261. The principal owners are John Harrison, Esq., Snelston Hall (lord of the manor); Exors. of W. E. Smith, Hon. E. T. Jervis Parker, Jacob Frost, G. J. Peach, the Misses Hartshorne, G. H. Errington, Esq., Messrs. Bond & Co., W. Bullock, and Mrs. Emma Taylor.

CROMFOBD. 345

-south side of the chaDcel is a beautiful monument of white marble by Chantrey, -erected by Eichard Arkwright, Esq., junior, in memory of his wife and three infant children. For the greater convenience of the inhabitants a Mission Church, 'with burial ground attached, dedicated to St. Mark, has been erected in the village. The living is a vicarage, worth £300 per annum, in the gift of F. C Arkwright, Esq., and held by the Rev. Egbert Hacking, M.A.

Substantial schools were erected in 1832. These have been recently enlarged and improved in accordance with the requirements of the Elementary Education Act. There is a total accommodation for 360, and an average attendance of 269.

The scenery around the village is a picturesque combination of wood, water, and rock. The new road from Cromford to Matlock is cut through the solid rock, and forms a dehghtful walk margined with trees, shrubs, and creeping plants. A little south of the village, near the High Peak railway, is a huge mass of rock crowned with pine trees, and known as StonniSy or Black Bock. From the summit there is a magnificent prospect, which has so enraptured the mind of an enthusiastic visitor that he has left his impression chiselled on the rock - ** Heavens ! what a goodly prospect spreads around us I "

In addition to the cotton manufacture, lead mining was formerly carried on to a considerable extent in Cromford. A few years ago there were about 14 mines in operation, but this industry has been discontinued. Some of the mines are still worked for ochre and other earths, which are manufactured into paints by the Via Gellia Paint and Colour Company. The works are situated a little west of the village, near the entrance of the charming walk fancifully named the Via Gellia, from the Gell family, through whose estates it runs. The road has been constructed through a narrow, rock-bound valley, the sides of which are richly clothed with trees and shrubs, and in early spring time the sides of the road are carpeted with HUes of the vaUey and other wild flowers in rich profusion. The works cover a considerable extent of ground, and are fitted with the latest and most improved machinery for the manufacture of the finest pigments. An extensive business is here carried on, and the productions of the company find a ready market not only in this country but also in our distant Colonies. A speciality of the company is umber. They possess the best and most productive mine in the county, and the umber produced is unrivalled for strength and richness of colour. Red oxide, red lead, or minium, is also manufactured on an extensive scale, and is in constant demand on account of its uniform purity and brilliant colour. Derbyshire has long been celebrated for this manufacture, and the Via Gelha Company is one of the largest producers in the county. Blacks of various kinds, drop, ivory, blue, and mineral, chromates, blues, vermillionettes, and numerous other colours may be seen here in preparation, both in dry colour and in process of grinding with oil into paints. The works are the property of Mr. Henry Wheatcroft.

Chabities. - Lady Armyney by a codicil ctf her will, dated 1662, left a yearly rent-charge of ibis lOs. out of her manor, lands, and tenements in Cromford, for the maintenance of six poor -widows or widowers, who reside in six almshouses, but when or by whom these were built is not known. The manor was sold to Sir Richard Arkwright subject to the payment of the above sum, and also to the repairs of the hospital. This rent-charge was a very inadequate endowment for the maintenance of six ahnspeople, and it has been handsomely supplemented by James Charles Arkwright, Esq., of Oak Hill, Cromford, who by deed executed on the 28fch May, 1877, Invested the sum of two thousand five hundred pounds (£2,500) in 4 per cent. Midland railway debenture stock, in the name of certain trustees, out of the annual income thereof to pay to «ach inmate, for the time being, of the six almshouses, such an allowance or sum at the rate of nob less than 58., or more than 63. per week, as shall be fixed and determined from time to time by the trustees, having regard to the circumstances and necessities of the respective alms- people, and the income of the endowment and the other circumstances thereof. Provided the income of the said sum of £2,500 be more than sufficient to provide and satisfy the objects Aforesaid, the trustees shall pay and apply the surplus of the said income to the benefit of deserving and necessitous inhabitants of the parish of Cromford.

CUBLEY. 347

285. The parish extends about four miles along the Ashbourne and Sudbury road. The surface is undulating, and the soil various - strong iq some places, gravelly and sandy in others, and is chiefly in pasture. Cubley is in tbe hundred of Appletree, the electoral division of Sudbury, county court district and poor law union of Uttoxeter, and petty sessional division and rural deanery of Ashbourne.

At the time of the Domesday Survey, Cobelei (Cubley) was held by one Ralph, under Henry de Ferrers, and there were then on the manor a church, a priest, and one mill worth 12d. This E