Berwick directory, 1827

DIRECTORY, AND GAZETTEER, OF THE COUNTIES OF -DURHAM AND NORTHUMBERLAND: AND THE TOWNS AND COUNTIES OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE AND BERWICK-UPON- TWEED. TOGETHER WITH RICHMOND, YARN, AND DETACHED PLACES APPERTAINING TO THE BISHOPRIC AND PALATINATE...

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History, Directory, And Gazetteer, Of The Counties Of Durham And Northumberland: And The Towns And Counties Of Newcastle-upon-tyne And Berwick-upon- tweed. Together With Richmond, Yarn, And Detached Places Appertaining To The Bishopric And Palatinate...

William Parson, William White (of Sheffield)

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HISTORY, DIRECTORY, AND GAZETTEER,

OF THE COUNTIES OF

Burbam and Northumberlany,

4nD THE TOWNS AND COUNTIES OF NEWCASTLE-UPON.-TY NE

AND BERWICK-UPON-TWHED.

TOGETHER WITH

RICHMOND, YARM, AND THE DETACHED PLACES APPERTAINING TO THE BISHOPRIC AND PALATINATE OF DURHAM;

INCLUDING COPIOUS LISTS OF THE SEATS OF NOBILITY AND GENTRY,

AND A VARIETY OF Commerctal, Agricultural, & Statistical kntormation. ' IN TWO VOLUMES. . ILLUSTRATED BY MAPS AND TABLES.

megeeaipene BY WM. PARSON AND WM. WHITE.

waite

VOL. I.

PRINTED FOR W. WHITE & CO. By Edward Baines and Son, at the Leeds Mercury Office;

AMD SOLD BY THE PUBLISHERS, AT THEIR OFFICE, BELL'S COURT, PILGRIM-STREET, NEWCASTLE, BY THE AGENTS, AND BY THE BOOKSELLERS. Price, per Volume, to Subscribers, 10s. 6d. in Boards, or 19s. in Calf; to Noa- Subscribers, 13s. 6d. in Boards, or 15s. in Calf, With Coloured Maps, on fine Paper, 1s, 6d. each extra.

1827.

WARD Coc, a 6

FEB Seno 32

tO THE WOBILITY,

GENTRY, CLERGY, & PROFESSIONAL GENTLEMEN,

AND TO THE

'

-MERCHANTS, BROKERS, WHARFINGERS, COAL OWNERS AND FITTERS, MANUFACTURERS, TRADERS, GRAZIERS, FARMERS, &c.

OF

Newcastle, Burham, and Northumberland.

THIS FIRGT ATTEMPT TO PRESENT TO THE PUBLIC A POPULAR

HISTORY OF THESD COUNTIDSE.

WITH A

DIRECTORY OF THEIR INHABITANTS,

AND A GAZETTEER,

POINTING OUT THB PRECI8B SITUATION OF EVBRY TOWN, VILLAGE, HANLET, AND GENTLEMAN'S SEAT IN THB NUMEROUS PARISHES IN BACH COUNTY; TOGEPRER WITH A DESCRIPTION OF 80OME OF THE MOST CELEBRATED FLACES ON THB SCOTTISH BORDERS; AND THE WHOLE OF THE D&TACHED DISTRICTS BELONGING TO TWE BISHOPRIC OF DURHAM,

Es Enseribed WITH NUCH DEPEBRENCE AND GRATITUDE, BY

THE AUTHORS.

eo) Be

PREFACE. - - <Gp - -

Tue Publishers, with much deference, place the result of their labours dn the hands of a liberal and indulgent public. Amongst the various emotions by which they are on this occesion actuated, gratitude is the most impera- tive, for they have not only to acknowledge the receipt of a considerable number of important communications, but also of a generous and extensive patronage.

Under these auspless, the fault is their own If they do not give that general satisfaction, which it has been their study to sfford to their readers in this first attempt at a topographical work, embracing a History, Dirxc- TorRY, and GazsTTBER Of NewcastT_e and the Countizs of DurHam and NORTHUMBERLAND, Which, together, form ome of the most interesting Agri- cultural Minera], and Commercial districts in England, and are so intimately connected both by natare and commerce, that the great utility of a publica- tion of this description will be obvious to every reader.

To delineate faithfully the leading features of this important portion of the kingdom, which comprises a territorial extent of 1,271,490 statute acres, and a population amounting to about 440,000 souls, will be esteerned a laudable and desirable object; and to accompany that delineation with a Topographical Dictionary of all the Towns, Villages and Hamlets, the Seats of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, and an enumeration of the Names and Occupations of the Principal Residents, is an attempt that has not before bean made, although the possession of such information, if collected and arranged with care and fidelity, has long been considered a desirable and important acquisition.

As authenticity is the grand requisite of topography, every possible care has been taken to avoid errors, and a large portion of this publication has been sub- mitted to the revision of intelligent gentlemen resident in the places which it describes; whilst the information has generally been collected or verified on the spot: it would, however, be presumptuous to hope that a work, involving such a multifarious mass of inquiries, can be wholly free from inaccuracies, although it may be safely affirmed, that neither unwearied application nor expense have been withheld, nor public favour wanting, to render this a faithful and popular production, comprehending a vast body of original matter, with concentrated but explicit details of all that is interesting in the numerous standard works and local and unconnected publications, of which we have at the commence- ment of this volume inserted a catalogue.

The arrangement and division of the matter presents in succession, separate Histories and Directories of Newcastle, and all the Market Towns of Durham and Northumberland, which form the Fiast Votums; and the general History of these Counties, and that of Berwick-upon-Tweed, followed by dis- tinct Histories and Directories of each Village and Township, will form the Szconp Vo.vms, at the end of which a coplous Index will be given, so arranged as to lead the reader to a perusal of connected Histories of each Ward and Parish.

(*) 8

PREFACE.

The Dreectory of each town and parish follows its history, and contains the names, and specifies the residences, designations, and vocations of the Gentry, Clergy, Magistrates, Professions! Gentlemen, Merchants, Manufac- turers, Tradesmen, Farmers, Graziers, Public Officers, &c. All the Mediums of Public Conveyance, for travellers, letters, and merchandise, are specified, with the periods and places of arrival and departure: In this |department of the Work, great care has been used to obtain the correct orthography ofthe name of every individual; and as s patient attention has on all occasions been kindly conceded to the inquiries of the agents, it is hoped that this book will be found to contain but a smal mumber of errata.

The IztusTrRaTIve EMBELLISHMENTS form an interesting feature of this Work, and are made up in a detached form, that they may be the better pre- served. They consist of two large and neatly engraved Maps of the Counrtigs of DunHAM and NORTHUMBERLAND, showing the recently formed rail-roads, and other public improvements; and four large TasiEs, one of which shows the reciprocal Distances of the principal Towns of Great Britain and Ireland, with some of the Travelling Stations in France and the Netherlands, with an Itinerary of the principal Mail and Coach Routes, &c. &c.; another, on a similar plan, contains all the Towns in the fowr most Northern Counties of England, together with those on the confines, showing their distances from each other, and from London and Edinburgh, and the periods at which

Markets, Fairs, and Hirings, are held in each place; the next is an epitome of the Population of Engtand, extracted fram the last Parliamentary Returns; and the cuncluding sheet will present a corrected List of all the Banking Establishments of the United Kingdom, with the New Joint Stock Companies, end the Branches of the Bank of England.

The Authors have been laid under many obligations by the contributions and corrections of their friends, but as it would be an invidious task to particularize any, they, with much deference, beg leave to present to them all the tribute of thelr sincere and grateful acknawledgements. They also hope that their readers will, after a perusal of the following pages, cede to them that indul- gence which is usually claimed on the publication of a first edition; and, as all possible care has been used to avoid, or softem down the asperities of party feeling, either in religion or politics, they trust that they will be found to have

merited a reciprocation of that candour whieh they have weed towards others and solicit for themselves.

Newcastle, September, 1827.

AUTHORITIES

CONSULTED, QUOTED, OR REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK.

Ae Adam» Index Villaris. Johnstone's History of Berwick. Agricultural Reports. King's Books, or Liber Regis.

Allan's, Sherburn Hospital, and Extracts from Public Records, &c. (]796) Allan's. (the late George, of Darlington editor of the Legend of St. Cuthbert.) also his MSS. on Antiquities, arc. (1777.)

Baines's Yorkshire and Lancashire

Bede's Ecclesiastical Historv.

Beauties of the Border - Of Eng. & Wales - - and of Northumberland.

Blacktone's Commentaries.

Blount's Tenures, by Beckwith.

Boldon Buke, the Domesday Book of the County of Durham.

Border Exploits, by W. Scott.

Bourne's History of Newcastle, (1736.)

Brand's History of Newcastle, 1789.)

Brewster's History ef Stockton.

Burton's Monasticon Bboracense, MS.

Camden's Britannia, (1607.)

Campbell's Political Survey.

Chambre's History of Durham.

Chronicle of Mallros,

Collyn's Peerage.

Dalrymple's Col.

Davison's History of Alnwick,

Dodsworth's & Dugdale's Monasticon, (1723)

Domesday Book.

Dugdale's Baronage. 8

Eglestone, M.S.

Fuller's Worthies.

Faller's History of Berwick-upon-''weed.

Fordyee's Shipping List, (1827.)

Garbutt's History of Sunderiand, &c. (1819.)

Gardiner's England's Grievances, (1655.)

Gilpin's Forest Scenery.

Grand Concern of England, (1673.)

Grey's Chorographia, (1649.)

Grose's Antiquities, (1773.)

Harding's Chronicle.

Hatfield's (Bishop) Survey, containing an account of the ancient Tenures, Services, &c. in the County of Dur- ham, (1350-80.)

Harrison's Description of England.

Heraldic Visitation Books.

Hoggett's City of Durham, (1824.)

Hicke's Gramm.

Historie Ang.

Hodgson's Northmbld. & Felling Colliery

Hone's Every Day Book, (1828.)

Horsley's Britannia Romana, (1732.)

Hutchinson's View of Northbid. (1778.)

Hutchinson's Hist. & Ant. of Durh. (1786)

Hutton's Plan of Newcastle.

Lambarde's - Carlisle's - Ca pper's - - - and Oulton's Topographical Dictionaries.

Legend of St. Cuthbert, by Rt. Hegg. (1636)

Leland's I tinerary.

Lincotn Valuatton.

Mackensle's Newcastle, (1837.)

Mackensie's Northumberland, (1825.)

Macpherson's Annals of Commerce. ;

MSS. In the Bodlelan Library - Herald Office. - Mann's - MIckleton's - MiI- bank - Neal's - Randall's - and San- derson's.

Newcastle Magazines - New spapers. - F ree- man'sCompanion- - - Memorandum Book (1827.) - - Corporation and Stewards Annual Accounts. - -Incorporated Com- panies, (by Walker.)

Parliamentary Population Returns.

Peck's Desiderata Curtosa, (17332.)

Philosophical Transactions.

Picture of Newcastle, (1812.) Se

Practice of the Durham Court of Chancery.

Ritson's Extracts, (1782.)

Reports of the Literary, Charitable, and ether Institutions in Durham and Northumberland.

Rudd's MS. by the father and uncle of the late Wm. Rudd, Esq. of Durham, eon- sisting of a complete series of Extracts from the Cursitor's Rolls, innumerable Charters, Grants, dre. (1750-80.)

Sanderson's Durham, (1767.)

Scala Chronica.

Sharp Sir Cuth. Hist. of Hartlepool. (1814.)

Simeon of Durham.

Spearman's Enquiry.

Spelman's (Str Henry,) Top.

Statutes of Marlebrid ge.

Strype's Annals.

Surtees' Hist. of Durham, (now publishing.)

Sykes's Local Records. (1824.)

Tanner's Notifia Monasticon, (1789.)

Testa de Nevill.

Theodon's Theatre of England.

Tim Tunbelly, (Letters of)

Vint and Anderson's Newcastle.

Wallis's Northumberland, (1769.)

Warburton's Vallum Romanum.

Whitelock's Reading, on 21 Heary VIII.

William of Malmesbury.

Willis' Ristory af Abbies.

Winch's Geology of Northumberland, (1814)

Wright's Hexham, (1623.)

4° Tothe foregoing may be added the Works of Baxter, Brompton, Bullet, Chale mers, M. Paris, Somner, Speed, Stowe, and Dr, Stukeley, and many others

ERRATA. ee see Eee

Page. Line. Page. Line. xiv. 6, for Rouchester read Rutchester 6. (Newcastle Directory.)+The resi- xxiii. 14, for 1416 read 1410. dence of Mr. Jas. Baker, stated uxiv. 28, for was read were. ; Fountain street, should be xxix, 24, for Shovel read Shevel. ' Thornton street. xxxl. 17, for Aforkey read Marley. 142. (Durham Index.) - Kepier Hospital xxxiil. 27-8, for 1747 & 1749 read 1740 & should be page 193, and the

1746. page for Archdeaconries, should uxxv. 19, for 1753 read 1754 be 152. xii. 10, for Sive days afterwards read on | 144. 34, for manes read ashes - line 16,

the 13th Dec. 1816. same page, for Wardeleau read xUil. 14 & 15, for in the came month read Wardenlaw.

Nov. 3, 1818. 17. 38, for Long School read Song xili!. 29, for 3d read 13th School. mut. 29 for this year read Aug. 1838. 193, 33, for 1812 read 1112. xivil. 2, for Thomas read Thomasin. 238. 42-3, the word in, at the 42d line, Ii. 1, for Backejread Black and the word which, at the 434 Ul. 14, for Liddle read Liddell, line, will be found necesary to lix. 34, for Clariton read Charleton. connect the reading - in the Ixviil. 44, for Fenwick read Fishwick. former line dedethe period, and Ixxit. 17, dele the Dr. 9 the word The, immediately Ixxvi. 10, for Hugo read Hugh. following, should commence xcil. 2, @ transposition of 'a neat' to the with a emall ¢,

opposite end of the line. 261 12, In the table of population, &c. xciv. 18, for William read Walter. for Houghton-le-Spring, the xevL 41, for Lofthouse read Loftus. total of annual value, and ano- exvl. - dele the £ at column of pau- ther item, will be found want-

pers ing; the omission will, how- cxviij. 48, for June read January, ever be supplied in the second exxvill. 44, for Charges read Clarges. volume. : exxxv. 36, for Daval read Duval. 304. 45, for £1 13s, 4d. read £3 63. 8d. exxxy. 48, for Elstad read Bistod, 313. 46, for Korway read Norway exlil, 18, for north read south. 313. 52, for laded read laden. cxlili, 23, and elsewhere, for Bishop | 399. 3, dele the words Of the after of

Walsher read Watcher. ' that.

exliv. 28, for Frspps read F12xps. 399. 3, for Cicilea read Cecilta.

eee

ADDITIONAL NAMES IN THE CITY AND SUBURBS OF DURHAM.

Harrington Paul, victualler, Royal Telegraph, Oswald Cottage. Harrison Thomas, excise officer, St. Gilesgate.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. - - - INDEX TO HISTORIES AND DIRECTORIES NEWCASTLE - History-. xiii to clvi.| DURHAM - History-.--.. 143 to 200,

Directary-.0..0+6 1 to 14).

Directory eocees 901 to 311.

DURE A.

BARNARD CASTLE, History-+++++ 21) ; Directory «+-ssecscesesees 990 BISHOP AYCKLAND, History-..- 225 Directory -s-ccscccesesees 299 BISHOP & Monk-Wearmouth, included with Sunderland.....+ CHESTER-LE-STREET, History-- £39 Directory «cccscsssceceres 935 DARLINGTON, History --++-++e++ $37 Directory ecovcvcceecocsce GAG GATESHEAD, History «+--+ ++0.+05 cxlif Directory, included with Newcastle HARTLEPOOL, Hist. 253 ..-- Dir. 259 HOUGHTON-LE-SPRING, History 261 MIDDLETON In Teesdale, History 369 Directory cesccscecsssccce S70 ST. JOHN'S, Weardale, History-+++ $71 Directory erccccevoccccoss B72 SEDGEFIELD, Hist. 273 ..». Dir. 276 SOUTH SHIELDS, History---.+++» 277 Directory -sscsceccesseces 284 STAINDROP, His, 294 -+.+++ Dir. 296 STANHOPE, Hist. 298..-.--+-Dir. 300 STOCKTON-UPON-TRBES, History 301 Directory eovcecccccsccess BIS SUNDERLAND, Hist. 323 o+++Diz. 349

WOLSINGHAM, Hist. 377 «.-»Dir. 379 ¢

WORTHUMBURLAND.

ALNWICK, History-oocsssssesees 6 381 Directory ssesesseccsensee BY ALLENDALE, Liistory aveseceet*ss GOB Directory .-ccssssosccceee 40) BELFORD, History -.--+-++sseees 403 Directory -+---sevescoeres GOS BELLINGHAM, History -....+-.: 405 BLYTH, History-osccsccerccsssors 409

Directory Cecvcccesceessrs Al} CORBRIDGE, History -.....-0+-+5 414 Directory -.-sscccesecsoee $18 HALTWHISTLE, History---++++++. 419 Directory -0.sccecccescess Fl HEXHAM, History..-+.-cesereress 4293 MORPETH, History ocrceccroceee, Gh Directory eoccesccesescers 459 NORTH SHIELDS, History..-... 458 Directory -+ccessscesscone AF? ROTHBURY, History o+++oeeee+++ 48) Directory o-resecccecrvese 494 STANFORDHAM, History.-...+.. 485 Directory «-+-csssevess+ee 487 TYNEMOUTH inéfuded with N. Shields .-cccseseecsscveserece

- WOOLER, History. +seesssereeeess 437

Direetory eceeveaterer evens 489

ee

DIRECTORIES OF The Town & County of the Town of Berwick-upon-T weed, with Tweedmouth 491 _ Borough of Richmond, (Yorkshire) «+.-+s+secccesceererecrcenacssrsererees 497 The Market town of Yarm, (Yorkshire) cor ecccrceconvvcrsececccccecsr esse HOR

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

'CONTAINED IN THE HISTORY AND DIRECTORY OF THE TOWN AND cCoUNTY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, anp THE TOWN AND BOROUGH oF GATESHEAD.

Ad Capre Caput, cxllil. Aamiralty Court, xi 2524 of the Romans, xill. w= - Saxons, Danes, and Normans, xv. Aldermen, (first) cill Alms-Houses, Gateshead, cli. Alms-Houses, (decayed) Ixii. Alms-Houses, (Trinity house) bxexxiv, cix, Vide, also Hospitals Anchorage School, Gateshead cd. Ban hows Ancient Appellations, Ga- brosentum, Pons-Atlti, Ad Murum, Monkchester, xili, xiv, xv. . Ancient Boundaries, cxv. Ancient 'History, xiil to xvii. Annuz)] value of land and buildings, xlv, cxvi.. Antiquarian Suciety, xcilL

Apprentices, not to be fed

with salmon above twice a week, cxxiL Arms and motto, xxiv, Assay Office, xcix.. Assembly Rooms, xevL Assizes, cxii, Auxillary Baptist Missionary Soclety, lxxi, Auxiliary London Mission- ary Society, xxiv. Bacchenals and Scolds, how punished, xxx, iff, xi, ; Ballast, cv. cxxi, cxxy. Ballast Hills, lxxil, Banks, xxxix, c eg Chapels, Lxviil. Baronies, anciently annexed to the New Castle, li. Barracks (The) Ivi Baths, Ixxxlii. (They have recently lost thelr supply of water, owing to the es. tablishment of a coal mine, Battles, Flodden, xxiv, Gateshead Fell, xv. cxlv. Neville's Cross, xxii, 194, Newburn, xxvi. Otterbum, xxiL

- ie

Beadsmen, lxI.

Beligrove Retreat, Ixxxif.

Bells, xxxi, il.

Benefactions, xc. xc

Benefactions, Gateshead, clil.

Benefit Societies, -lxxxvill.

Benefit Societies, annual, xc.

Benevolent Society, Ixxxvii,

Bernicia § Deira, xv.

Bethel Union Society, brxv.

Bible MS. of the 13th Cen- tury, xciv.

Bible Societies, Ixxill,

Blackett & Davison's Hos- pital, Ixxxiv.

Black Gate xix.

Blue Stone, xxxvi, vill.

Borough Lands, (Gateshead).

cxliv. Botanical Society, xcflL Boundarié& of the town and county, cxv. Boy Bishop, xx. Ixli. Boy on the matomast of a wreck, xxxvii. Boy, (George Innis) xlif, Branks (The) xxx. Burgers & Antiburgers, lxxJ. Burial Grounds, Ixxil, Calling the Guild, cxii. Calvinistic Independents, Ixvil, Cannon balls found, lili, liv, Capitation oun xly * Cappets,' cvili. Carriers, 137 to 140.

_ | Castle Leazes, cvilj.

Castle (at Newcastle) xvi, xvif. li Castle Ward, ll. Castle-Guard rents reatrain- ed, IL

'| Catholic Defence Soclety,

lxxiv. Catholic Friendly Society, Ixxxvil.

Chamber of Commerce, c.

Chapel (a) used as a beer cel- lar, lil, - as a cow-house, Ixi, - as a lumber room, lxii, - -ohe converted into atenement, tril, Ixxih

Chapels converted into news- rooms, xxvii, Chapels, (decayed) St.James' ixiL. - Virgin Mary, Ixii -

St.Lawrence, lxii; Benwell é Heaton Chapels, Ixif. Chapels - Dissenting, d&c.a=

Calvinistic Independents, xvii, - Glaseltes, Metho. dists, & Baptists, Invilfeus Roman Catholics, Seotch Presbyterians, ixix, - -So- ciety of Friends, Sweden borgians, Ixx/, - Unitari-

All Saints, St. John's, St. Ann's, Ixxvil, - Hanover Square, Trinity House, Royal Jubilee, Royal Im- proved Girls, Carpenters'. Tower Girl's, Union day- Girl's, and Infant Schools,

lxxviil.

Charters and Privfleges,xvi, xvill, xix, xx, xxil, xxlif, xxv, ci, cil, cilf.

Churches, All Saints, Ixv. - St. Andrew's, xxx, Ixvi,uim head) cxlix.--St.Nicholas' Ixili, Ixiv.=. - St, Thomas' chapel, brvii.

Circus & Riding School, xcvi.

Clergymen's Sons Society of, Ixxxvi.

Clerks' Society, bocvif.

Clothing Society, bxxxvili.

Coal, licence to get, xix. cii.

Coal Mine at Wylam inun.

' ated, xxxvil.

Coal prohibited in London in 1306, - - used again at the

' coronation of Edward III. in 1827, cxxtil.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS. ~

Coal Duties & Port Dues at Newcastle& London,cxxlx.

Coal Trade Acts, cxxix,

Coal, price of, cxxx.

Coal, amount imported into London, cxxx.

Coinage, (new silver) xliiL.

Coins & Medals discovered, xxxvill Diii. cxIHL

Coins struck at Newcastle, xix.

Combination of 7000 seamen, xlil - -Vide Riots & Keet-

men. Common right, cvili. Commerce, cxxiil. Companies of Freemen, cvi. Convention between the Eng- lish & Scots, xxviL Contrariants and Ordainers, xxi Com Market, c. Coronations, xxxfii-v, xliv. Conservators of the Tyne, cxxi. Corporation of Newcastle, ci, evi. Officers far 1826-7,clv. Corporation of Trinity . House, cx. _County of Newcastle made - distinct, clil - Boundaries é& contents of, cxv - - Ex-

Cradle taken up at sea, xxxvil

Crispin, (St.) xlvilt

Custom House, (first) xx. (present) xcvil.

Officers, xcviii

Customs granted to repair walls, dc. xlix.

Collector's Salary in Reign of Kilzabeth, xcvii. - amount of Customs from 1817 to 1836, cxxx.

Dearth in 1799, wheat£) 1s. per bushel, xIi

Dredging Machines, crxi.

Dues, (Corporation) cv. - Receivers of do, andof the Light and Greenwich Hos- pital dues, xcix.

Earthenware Manufsctories, cxxxil,

Earthquakes, xx.

Election of the Mayor and Corporation, mode of, clil.

Emijnent Characters, cxxxiv. to cxxxviL

English Armies assemble at Newcastle In the years 1209, 1213, 1244, 1296, 1315, 1316, 1322, 1337, 1341, 1385, 1513, 1544, 1639, 1660, 1745.

Errington Edward, the Townes Fool died in the Peste, xxiv,

Exports, cxxx.

Extinct Companies, cviil.

Eye Infirmary, lxxxil.

Fairs, ci, elv.

Fenwick Jobn, murderer, xxxil.

Fenwick, name venerated xxxii.

Famine, Mortality, &c. xxL

Felons shewn on Asaize Sun- days at 6d. each, 1. - 17 es- cape on a stormy night.lili

Fiddas (Mr.}, his melancholy fate, xxxvi

Feudal Customs. - Marchet, Herlot, Bloodwit, Misere- cordia Moncey, Stengedwit, Passage, Pontage, Hanse Duty, Yeresgyne Scotale, cil.

Fire Engine Stations, axvili.

Fires, Xxxv.

Fish Market, c.

Fishery, see Salmon.

Floods, see Tyne River.

Forth (The), xix, xcvl.

Fortifications, xiv, xvi, xvil, xvil, xix, xix, Ivi.

Fosse (The) lvi.

Fox Geo. at Gateshead, xxx.

Tower by Bishop Nevill, annexed to Newcastle In 1533, exlil, separated in 1584 - - Saltwell Meadows granted to Bishop Skirisw - Ineorporstion of Trades by Bishops Tunstall, Mat- thew, é Cosins - - Manore of Gateshead & Whick- ham let - Borough Lands, or Town Fields, cxliv. - - Gateshead Fell made 8 separate parish, in spiri- tual matters, and a church built, cxlv - Ancient Go- vernment and Seal - Stew- ards of the Borough, cxivi. - Grasswen,Courts, Petty Sessions, Magistrates, St. Edmund's Hospital, cxivit. - National School or Chae pel - St. Mary's Church, cxlix. - Chapels, Religious Societies, Anchorage school, St. Mary's Organ, cl, cli. - Alms Houses, cli. - Benefactions,Select Ves- try, cll - Poor Rates, cliil. - Highway Rates, Popula- tion, Manufactures, Street

iy

Act, Improvements, Wa- ter,cliv. - -Markets& Fairs,

Glass Works, first established on the Tyne, 12¥.~ - Splen- did Procession of Glass Ma- kers, xivili - - History of, cxxxli,

Glassites, xviii.

Grammar School, lxxv.

Grand Lease, cxxiv.

Greenland Fishery, exxx,

Grey Mare, cxxi.

Guide to Strangers, exxxvilli,

Guild Hall, xcvil.

Hackney Coach Fairs, 141

Herbage Committee, evill.

Heptarchy, xv.

Hermit, lxli,

Heron Mr. Ralph, his us- timely death, xxxviil.

High Mass, the first after a lapee of 110 years, )xix.

Hoastmen, Society of, cix.

Horticultural Society, xcili.

Hospitals, St. Mary's, West- gate, Ix.« - St. Mary Mag- dalen, xvii. Virgin Mary's at Jesmond, lxii.-Jesus', Ixxxili - Blackett's & Da-

vison's, Peace and Unity, |:

Virgin Mary's, Keelmen's, lxuxy. - Vide also Alms Houses.

House of Recovery, lxxxi.

Humane Soclety, (directions of) 336

Hutch (the Town's) rifled, xxvib

' Hylton Joliffe,' new Lon- don & Newoastie Steam Packet, 136.

Imports, cxex. -

"Impressment, xxxiz.

Improvements in Newcastle, exxxviil to cxii. lxxxvili.

Independent Chapels, ixvit.

Infirmary, lxxx.

Tron & Steel Works, cxxxif.

James I. (Statue of) xxxi.

Jarrow Slake, xxxvil.

Jews, xix, IxxiL

Jews (Society for the conver- sion of ) Ixxiv.

Jolly Rant, xxxi,

Jubilee of George ILL, x1it.

Jubilee (the Bishop of Dur- ham's). xxi,

Judges, cxii.

Justices ' Itiperant,' xx, lxwi

Keelmen (Society of, to sup- press vices ia Sandgate,) xxxil,

Keelmen, (Riotous proceed- ings of, &c.) xxxv, xxxvi, xliv, xivii.

Keelmen's Hospital & Socte- ty, lxxxv.

Keels, number of in the Tyne in 1704, about 400, and in 1827, upwards of 900.

King's Dykes, Ivi.

King's Meadows, li. cxix.

Ladies' Branch Bible Socie- ty, Ixxfil.

Ladies' Continental Soelety, ixxlv.

Lambert's Leap, xxxv.

Lammermuir Hills, (fire on,) xii.

Land, &c. Tax Office, xcix,

Law Society, xciv.

Lazar Houses, Ixt.

Leather Market House, c.

** Lee Penny," used in 1645, xxvii. :

Leprosy, Ixi. '

Liberal. Tradesmen Society,

Ixxxvii.

Libraries, xcil, ili, & iv.

Life Boats at North & South Shields, 263-467; and at Sunderland, 346.

Light Houses(N.Shields) 467

Literary & Philosophical So- ciety, xcli,

Lock Hospital, Ixxxil.

Lock-up-House, cxix.

Longevity, xlvi, xb vii.

Lork Burn, xxvii, cxxxhx.

Low Bridge, xiv.

Loyal Standard Association, XC.

Lunardi M.accident on ascent of his balloon, xxxviil. Lunatic Asylums, Ixxxii-{fi.

Lying-in Hospital, bexxi.

Lying-in Charity, bexxif.

Magdalen Hospital, Ixi.

Magistrates who attend the Moot Hall, cxiv.

Magistrates, who attend at Gateshead, cx\vil,

Mails & Post Coaches, 133,

Matson Dieu, \xil.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS,

- ae ee enone.

Manors of Gateshead and Whickham, cxliv.

Mansion House, civ.

Manufactures, cxxxi, cxxxiil

Markets, Fairs, and Market Places, c. and cl.

Markets & Fairs, Gatshd. clv.

Maudlin or Magdalen Mea- dow, ixf,

Mayor (first), xix, cil.

Mayor (The), goes to York with a present of £100 for Henry VIII, xxiv. - In- vites OHver Cromwell to 8 public dinner, xxix.

Mayor's Court, cxi,

Mechanics Institute, xcili.

Medical Library, xciv.

Members to Parliament, xx, clf-fif.

Merchants' Company, cviil.

Merchants' Court, xcvil.

Methodists, bevili.

Mint, xix.

Missionary Societies, bcxiv.

Monasteries established by Northumbrian kings, xv.

MonasTiIc INSTITUTIONS Iviito Ixili. - Augustines, lx.= - Carmelites, xix, lix. - Benedictine Nuns, xvii, lvii. - Dominicans, I vill. Franciscans, xx, lix.. - Or- der of Sac, xx, lix. - St. Michael's, xix.

Moneyers appointed, xix.

Monkchester, xv, xvii, lvil, cxlvil.

Moors, Town, & Nuns, cviii.

Moot Hall, cxilf.

Moravian Missionary So- clety, lxxiv.

Mortality (bills of) xlvi.

Moss Troopers, xxx.

Mummy, (Egyptian) xciil.

Municipal Government, cL.

Museums, xclii.

Mysteries, & Bye Trades, cvj.

Mysteries, (English), cvi.

National School, Gateshead, cxlix.

Newcastle Cloak, xxx.

Newcastle Fire Insurance Company, cxviii,

New Butchers' Market, c.

New Gaol, and House of Correction, cxiv.

New Institution, xcil.

New Missionary Soriety of Young Men, lxxiv.

IN NEWCASTLE & GATESHEAD.

pseu wuasapnasegmememmsmnneeee ee

Dhspatiea and Perlodicals, | Privatects, (Freach,) axxili. | Schools, (Public,) bexv. to Protestant (Dies. Min.) Wij Ixxix.

News 'Rooms; xciv-v - Notes and Tokens, c. Ce

Northumberland Institution (Fine Arts,) xcili-

Nuns Moor, lviit

Obeservants, Recollects, and Coaventuals, Hx.

xviL

Order of the Garter, xxil.

Orphan House, brviii.

Ovingham Boat house, xxxvii

Pandon united with New- castle, xx.

Pandon Gate, xiv-lv.

Paintings, xvi, lxix,xcvi.cv.

Paintings on Glass, Ixiv, cL

Pants (public) cxviil.

Parochial expenditure, cxvi.

Paupers, number of in 1827, cxvi.

Particular Baptists, lxvili

Pauper Lunatics, cxvi

Patronage (Law of,) ixx.

Peace end Unity Hospital, lexxiv.

Penance, xziliL.

Pentecost Dove, hrv.

Picts & Scots, xiv, xv. xx.

Pilots to be appointed by the Trinity house, cix.

Pilot Office, sat Newcastle, xcix - at Shields, 283 - - at Hartlepool, 258.

Places of Amusement, xCV, xcvL

Plague, Famine, & Mortality, xix, xxil, xxiv, xxv, xxviii.

Police, cxix.

Pons Avil, xiil. i.

Poor Houses, cxvi.

Poor Rates, cxvi.

Population, xv.

Post Office, c. and 130.

Potteries, cxxxif

Presbyterians, (rigid and moderate,) xxvi,

Presbyterian Bfwle Mission- ary & School Soclety, xxiv,

Pretender, (The) arrives at Morpeth, xxxili

Primage & Lightage, cix.

Primitive Methodists, bevill,

Prisoners - Scotch, confined in St. Nicholas' Chureh, xxvii - 3,000 arrive from

the battle of Dusbas, xix. |'

dow's fund, ixxxvi Protestant Schoolmaster's Association, bixvi. Psalins ealed for in the Church, by Charles I. and a Scotch Minister, xxvii. Public Accommodation,cxvil Public Buildings, (Guide to) cxuxix ¢o exif Public Officers, civ, exiv, exvil see also Officers in

Rebellions, 1715, 1745.

Reciprocity Act, cxxxti.

Reform Meetings, in 1819 & 1830, xiii, xliv.

Roman Catholic Chapel de- stroyed, lxix, exivill.

Robinson Crusoe, civ.

Roman Coins found, xxxviil cxllv.

Roman Silver Cup found, cxxii.

Roman Wall, xiv. & Vol IL

Rose and Thistle, ivi.

XXV.

Russians & Cossacks, xii

Sadler Mr. (Aeronaut) xiii,

Salmon Fishery, xixvi, cxil, cxxil,

Savings' Bank, (Newcastle,) xci-il.

Savings' Bank, (Tyne eide,) Ixxxvii.

Schootmasters' Association,

Scott Sir Peter, first Mayor, xix,

Scoteh Presbyterians, lxix, lxx, Lrxi

(a)

Schools, (Dey and Sunday,) summary of, och. Seotchwoman, (mother of 63 eifiidren,) xxv, Seal of Newcastle, xxiv, cli of Gateshead, cxivi. cxlix. BSeametts' Fund, brxxvi. Sheriff, (First) cit.

House, cxxxi ee (general cargo,) 1

Shipwrecks és Storms, xox, xxxvill, xxxix, xli,

Shipwreck Association, cx.

Shot Tower, Blswick, xiii, cexxxiil

Shrine of the Virgin at Jer mond, ixil.

Steges, xv, xvii, xxi, macvi.

Smugglers Hole, xlvii.

Society of Friends, bork.

| Soup Kitchen, xi, boorvitl

Spital, (The,) lxxs. Stamp office, xoht - - Gases-

(Description of;) cerxxviii - List of, clvii. Subeoriptions, xxxv-viil-txs

x}i-iL. Suicides (Horrid,) xxxtt.

'Taverns, only 4, in 145% -

900, in 1827, xxx, é& 113.

'Theatre Royal, xlvil, xcv.

Thunderstorm, xxxvili, xf.

Tides & Tide Table, exx.

Topographical Sitmesion zlib

Towers, Walls, aad Gates, xlix, 1. li, to lv.

Town made corporate, xvi. - -made a distinct county,

AV

NEWCASTLE & GATESHEAD YNDEX.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - o a - - & - $_>>> - - - - -

Tract Societies, lxxiif-iv.

Trinitarians, 1x.

Trinity House, xxxtiv, cix.

Tyne Bridge, partly destroy- ed, xxi - completely de- stroyed, xxxvi - ruins re-

_ moved, xxxvii - re-built, xxxvili.

Tyne River, floods, xxxv-vi- vii-vili. xliti - frozen over and booths erected upon it, xlii - Shore leased to build Quays, and cast bal-

servators, jurisdiction, end annual survey, its navig- able state formerly better than now, cxxi. - Steam boats, Fishery, cxxil - The haven at Shields, 283.

Um, (ancient) clxiii Vagrant Officer, cxiv. VirginMary'sHospital, xxxiv Volunteers, xxxii. xl. xli. lv. Waggon Train, xii. Wards of the Town, xlix. Watch & Lamp Acts, cxik, Watergates, lv. Water and Water Works, xxxii, exvil-viil Weatherley Mr. Peter, xxxvi. Wherries, 136. Wine. (a fountain of) xxxiii. Witchcraft, xxix,

last, amount of ballast | TyneUnionCommittee, kxxili laid on the shores, and/ Unitarians, lxxil. Year Clock, cv.

%@* The Ship '' Betsey Cains," which brought over King William III. and Geers

Mary to England, was wrecked on the rock near Tynemouth, in March, 1837.

LIST OF EMPERORS, KINGS, PRINCES, BISHOPS, AND OTHER EMINENT PERSONS, ALLUDED TO IN THE HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD.

ABERCAOMB!I=8 Sir Ralph,x]. Abaissy Prince Jph. xxxvi. Acton Wm. de, kx.

Adrian, (the Roman Empe- rot) xiv.

£lla, xv.

Airey Mrs. lxxviil

Akenside Dr. lxxvi.

Albemarle Earl of, xxx

Albert, Patriarch of Jeru- salem, Jix.

Alexander II. King of Scot- land, xvili, xix.

Allen Mrs Eleanor, brxvi.

Allgood Mrs. bexvii.

Anderson Alderman, and his Ring, cxxli.

Anderson Major, lix, Ixvi.

Anderson Sir Franels, ev.

Aquinas, lix.

Archbishops of Canterbury, Glasgow, St. Andrew, and York assemble and con- clude a peace at Chester-le- Street, xvii

Archdukes John and Lewis of Austria, xlifi.

Archduke Maximilian of Russia, ibid.

Arundel Earl of, xxv,

Acelack of Killinghowe, xvili, bx.

Askew Dr. Lx.

Askew Henry, Esq. lxiy,'

Atlee Mrs. Ixvi.

BaInBRIDGE Jph. Eoq. lxiv.

Baker Sir George, xxxi.

Baliol, Kg. of Scotland, xx

Barbara Wm. de St. lvli. Barnes Bishop, cxliv. Barton Conan, cl.

Bernard Genl. Sir Adw. xlv.

Bernard St. of Stenna, lix. Bertram Sir Roger, lvil.

Bewicke Calverley, Esq, lxiv. Blackett Sir Wm.lxvil, xciv. Blackett Sir Walter, lxxxiv.

Blakeney Colonel, x1. Blakeston John, M.P. xxxi. Bonaparte, xl. xiii. Bourbon Duke of, xL Bowes Fras, Knt. xxvi. Bradbury Thomas, hxx. Brandling Sir John, xii. Brandling C. J. Esq. xliv. Brigham Christopher, IxiiL Bruce Robert, xx, lix. Buck Miss, boxxiv.

Burdon Captain, xl. Burleigh Lord, cxxiv.

Butler, Earl of Ormond, xxiil.

Byker John de, xx, lix. CALENDAR Earl of, xxvi. Canute, xv.

Caracalla and Geta, xiv. Carliols, family of, lix. Carlton Walter de, xx. Carnes Thomas, xxxi, Carnforth Earl of, xxxil. Caroline Queen, xlv.

Carr Mr. M.P. lxxxiv,

Cavendish William Duke of Newcastle, cxxxiiL

Cavendish Henry, ibid.

Charles' I., xxiv, xxv, zxvi, xxvil, xxviii.

Charles IL, xxxi, li, xovii, cxxviil.

Clarges Sir Thomas, exxvilt.

Clavering John, Esq. xiii.

Cole James, xxxi.

Cole Sir John, cly.

Cole Sir Nicholas, xxxi.

Cole Sir Ralph, xxv.

Collingwood Lord, xli. Ixfv, Ixxvi. xcvil. cuxxziv.. -

Commodus,(Rom.Emp.)xtiv,

Conway Lard, and the Earl of Strafford, xxvi.

Cooke, Munden, &c. xcv.

Copeland John, takes David King of Scotland prisoner, xxii.

Copel, Earl of N ebumiban land, murdered, xvi

Cosins Alderman John, xely.

Cosins Bishop, cxliv.

Cotter M. (French J udge) . xliii.

Crawford Ear) of, xxvi.

Crewe Lord, Ixxv.

Cromwell Oliver dines in . . Newcastle, xxix.

Cromwell Richard proclaim. ed, xxxi,

EMINENT PERSONS - =NEWCASTLE & GATESHEAD.

v

TS

Cedworth Jonas, xrxvi.

Camberland, Wm. Duke of, 'xxxv, lxix.

Cuarthose Robert, rvi.

Cuthbert St. xxii.

Dants_ de Foe, civ.

Darcy John & Wm. Denum,

xl

D'Artols Count, xii.

David, King of Scotland, xvii, xxii, lvii.

Davison Thos. Esq. laxxiv.

Davison Mr. & Mrs. brixiv,

Devison Anne, lxxxiv.

Davy Sir Humphrey, xiii.

Dawes Richard, lxxvi

Decies Right Hoa. and Rev. Lord, lxxiv.

Derwentwater Earl of, xxxii, xxxiii.

Dolphamby John, cl.

Dominic St. Iwill.

Douglas Earl of, xxii. of Newcastle, cxxuiii.

Duns Scotus, lix.

Dyveitune Robert de, hviL

Epoar Etheling, xv.

Edmund, King, xv.

Edward L, xix, xx, lix, ciL

Edward IL, xix, xx, eif.

Edward IIL, xx, xxii, xix, exxiii-iv. :

Edward VI., xxiv, evil. -

Eddon, John Ear! of, Lxxvi, xevil, cxxxiv.

Elizabeth Queen, xxv, Hi, Ixix, lxxv, cil, exxlv, cxxvill, cxliv.

Ellison Cuthbert, Esq. M.P. cxliv.

Eminent Men, List of, cxxxiv to exxxvil

-umbria, xv.

Eure or Ever, ancient Family of, Lil.

Eure Lord, oxliv.

FaanHam, Bishop, xix, Axifi, cxivil

Felle John, the incontinent Monk, lx.

Fenwick Richd. Esq. kxviiL

Fife Earl of, xxi.

Foster General, xxxi.

Fox George, xxx, Ixxi.

Fulgenius, xiv.

Gacoy Robert de, Ixit -

A Tet

Gaveston Piers, xxi

George L, xxxii.

George II., xxxtfi.

George III., xxxv, xliv, lxxvill, xevil

George IV., xHv-v, cv.

Germanus, ivii.

Gilmore Col. J. A. lvi.

Glanville Ralph de, xvill.

Glass John & Robert Sande- man, ixvili

Glenham Sir Thomas, xxvi.

Gloucester, Prince Chas.of, x1

Grand Dukes Nicholas and Michael of Rusaia, xliit.

Greenhow T. M. & J. Fife, boxxil.

Gresham Richd. and Richd. Billingford, lix, lx.

Hacrpen the Dane, xv.

Haliwell Roger de, lviil

Hamilton Marquis of, xxv.

Hartcla Andrew de, xxi.

Hartwell Dr. lxxv.

Haselrigg Sir Arthur, cxxv.

Hatfield Bishop, lvili, cxliiL

Heighington SirWm.de, bil.

Henry L, xvii, Ivif, bcf-ill, eti

Henry II., xvii, xviii, li.

Henry III., xix, Mi, lix, cli

Henry [V., xxiii, cliL

Henry VI. ciil.

Henry VII. xxifd, lix.

Henry VIIL, xxiil, xxiv, ], tvili, Lx, chix

Hewit, John, lxxvil.

Hilton (Baron de) xvii, Ivii

Hinguar and Hubba, xv.

Holland Ear} of, xxv.

Hollis John, Duke of New- castle, &c. caxxili

Horsley Thos. Mayor, horv.

Howard, the Philanthropist,

Hugh Dr. the Scholastic, lix. Ipa Anglo-Saxon chief, xv- James I. of England, xxv,

Kine John, xviil, xix, i, Ivli, cil.

LamBert Mr. Richard and

Friends, lxxx. (8) 2

Lambert General, xxri.

Lambert Mr. Cuthbt. xxxv.

Lanfranc Genera), lx.

Laud Dr. Bp.of London, xxv

Leicester Ear] of, exxiv.

Leopold Prince, xiii

Leslie, Montrose, and others, xxvi.

Lesley General, cxxv.

Leven General, and the Karl of Calendar, xxvi

Lilburn Colonel, Ixcxvi

Lindesey Lodowick, uxvii

Liulph, Saxon Nobleman, (murdered) xvi

Louls XVIII. xb

Lynch Count, xiii.

MaccLEesrisup Earl of, lil.

Mantha John de, and Felix de Valols, lx.

Marr Earl of, xxxil.

Marcellus Ulpius, xiv.

March Earl of, xxil.

Queen of Scot- land, and Christiana her sister, xviL

Marley Roger de, lvili. Marley Henry, xxxi. Marley Sir John, xxvil. Martin Friar, li

Milbank Sir Ralph, xxxviiL Moises Rev. H. lxWv, luxvi Mombowcher Bertram, liv. Montrose Earl of, xxvi. Morton, Bp.of Durham,xxv. Mosley Alderman, cxl. Mowbray Ear! of, xvii. Murray Earl of, xxii NELson Lord, xiL Nevile Bishop, calif Nevile Sir John, xxiL Newcastle Marquis of, cxxv. Newham Sir Robert, vii. Nithsdale Earl of, xxxii. Norfolk Ear! of, xxi. Northumberland Earl of, xxifl, xxv.

Ww

NEWCASTLE & GATESHEAD INDEX.

Northumberland Duke of,

' |oexi - vii, xell, cxil Northumberland Duchess of,

Jexvill, xcif.

Oapz Mr Jobn, Ixxvii. Ogie Henry, Esq. xxix. Opange Prince of, xxi. Osmond, Bishop of Salisbury,

xvii, lyill.

Osulph, ex Earl of Northum- berland, xvi.

Pe.Ham Thos. Hollis, Mar- quis and Duke of New- castle, cxxxiv.

Pembroke Earl of, xxv. Percy Sir Henry (Hotspur), and Earl Douglas, xail

Petcy Rt. Hon. Earl, exiil.

Perth Sir John, xviil. -

Pickering Theophilus, DD. cli.

Riddell Sir Peter, bx. .

Riddell Sir Thomas, knight, | Swedenborg Baron, Ixxil.

| exlvi

Riddell Sir Wm. exxiv. Riddells of Gateshead, lxix. Ridley Alderman, sxoxxill, pee Y Bishop, (Martyr)

ley 7 Dr idley Sir M. We Bart. xl, : Ixiv, clx, Ritchie George, Ixxvi. Robson William, xxxi Ross Wm. Lord, xx, lx. sane Countess of,

Seretan Earl of, xxxil, Scot John and Peter Draper, xx.

Scott Sir Peter, xix, Iviil. Selkirk; - '' The Robinson Crusoe" of De Foe, elv.

Severus Emperor, xiv. SidmouthLord Viscount xliv

Skirlaw Bishop, cxliv. Smith Michael, DD. boxy. Southampton Earl of, xxv. Stephen, King, xvii. Stephenson Mr. Geo. xlili. Stewart Lodowiek, Earl] of Newcastle, cxxxili, Stowell Lord, lxxvi, xcvii, exxxiv. Suffolk Duke of, xxiv. Surrey Earl of, xxiv. Surtees Aubone, Ixxvii. Sutton Thomas, cxxiv.

Tumpnat Sir Thos cxxv. | Thornton Roger de, liii, Ixif, xcvil.

Tomlinson Dr. xcly.

Tueng Marmaduke and hb wife, lviL

Tunstall Bishop, xxiv, cxliv.

Umrasvinis Gilbert de, xx.

Vaszy & Grey, lix.

Virius Lupus, xiv.

'| Wapz (Field Marshal)

bibesat John and Charles,

ni lasstese Earl of, cxliv.

Whites, of Redheugh, cxliv.

Whytchester Roger de, lviii.

Wilkes Mr. (Patriot) xxxvL

William I, (Conqueror) xv, xvi, ci, cli, cxlv.

William Il. (Rufus) xv', xix, ch

Willlam the Lion, King ef Scots, xvili,

Winton Earl of, xxxil,

Wishart Dr. xxvii, |

Woodward Mr. Geo. xxxvii.

Yonrx Archbishop of, xvii, xix.

York, late Duke of, xL.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS,

CONTAINED IN THE

HISTORIES OF TOWNS IN THE COUNTY OF DURHAM,

_ And Supplemental to the Durham and Sunderland Indexes, at pages 149 and 329}; and also to that of Gateshead, Pas Se eee att eee ete

Acre Money » 247.

one Auckland Park, 228.

Borough Royal, 253-7.

Alms House, singuler pro- | Bathing Place (Hartlepool), | Brackewbury's Tower, 915.

viso excepting Friends, 243.

258. See also Vol. IL

Brick Houses, none in Stock-

Alms Houses, 228, 249, 964- | Benefactions, 217, 234, 243, | ton in 1661; 01.

5, 275, 300, Axum, 312.

244-7, 275, 309, 378. Benefit Societies, 280, 300.

and Plankage, { Bequests, better in land than

(Stockton) 303-6.

money, 275.

Annual Value of Lands and | Black Middens, 233. Bulidings, see the first | Blue Coat Schools, 243,

page of the History of each Parish, & page 218.

265. Boroughs, 238, 303, 331.

Bridges, 219, 228, 240, 268, 314, 346. tindley, engineer, 244. roomstick Weddings, 219, * Burnt Wine & Short Cakes,' given to O. Cromwell, 236. Canal, projected one, 244-5. - at Stockton, 313-14.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS - COUNTY OF DURHAN.

Vil

Castles, of Barnard, 211-15. - Bishop Auckland,225-7.

chion, 225. - Solemn one, in giving Darlington to St. Cuthbert, 238.

Chantries, 216, 234-9, 240, 256-7, 262, 271-4, 295, 307.

Chapels, 217, 227, 234, 241, 257, 265, 270, 274, 279, 296-9, 307, 378.

Charters, 2]2-13 14, 240, 254-5, 302-3-5.

Chester-le-Street, a bishop- ric for 113 years, 233.

Church of Wood, 233.

Churches, 216, 287, 234-8-9, 256, 261-2, 269, 274, 278, 295-9, 306-7, 378.

Climbing Boys, Society for Relief of, 242.

Coal Mines, 266, 282.

Coal Trade, vide Chapter XVIII of Newcastle Hist.

Coins, found, 217, 234-5, 277, 301-2.

Cockles, 314.

College of Richard IIT. 214

College at Staindrop, 295.

Contrition of a Horse Steal-

- 257, 281, 306.

Customs, at Stockton, 310, 311-12.

Decapitation Engine, 2132.

Dispensaries, 242, 280, 309.

Etymologies,21], 225, 233-8, 253, 281.

Fairs & Markets, see Dis- tance Table & peges 218, 941, 254, 270, 274, 281, 296-9, 308-5-10, 341, 378

Faulchion, the curious ten- ure of, 225.

Feasts dc Wakes, origin of 268

Feudal or Servile Ten- ures, Rents, Services, &c - Alnage, 150. - Aver Malt,225 - - Aver Pennies, 225. - -Baronie, 185. - Bo- rough Court, 226. - Bo- rough Rights, 304. - Bo- vate, 304. - Brew Ferm, 214, 226. - Burgage Fees, 226. - - -Butlerage, 255. - Carucate, 304. - - - Castle Guard Rent, 2?16. - Com- mon Furnace, 226. - Corn- age, 225, 304. - - Faulchion, Ferry, 304. - Grand Ser- geantry, 185 - Hens & Eggs 304. - Hide of land gene- rally about 120 acres, Jura Regalia, 2)4. - ~-Knights Fee 5 Hides of Land, Lu- dicrous Tenures, 225. - Nief (native) 314 - -Oxgang or Bovate of Land, 304. - Primage, 311 - - - Mark, 6a. 8d. - Noble, 138. 4d. - Scat or Exchequer Oats, 274. - Soke, 240- - Socage, 925. - Statmalt, 225. Talliage, 304. - Thraves, 304. - - - Treasure Trove, 234, 302. - St.Hilde Fish, 278. - Toft, 270, 304. - = Tollboth, 306. - - - Tolls, 226. - Toll of Beer,326. - Ulnage, 255. - Verge of the Court, 239. - Vill, 225.

Feudal Officers, Tenants, Villeins, &c. - - Bailiffs, 149... - Baronies, (now called Manors) Bond Ten- ants, 304. - - Berewicks, (Manors within Manors,) Burgage Holders, 304. - ~ Coroner, 212-13, 235. -

» 304. - - -Es- cheator, 213. - Forester, 2935. - - Greve or Bailiff,306 Head Boroughman, 225. - Marshal, 150. - Nief or Native, 214. - Palatine, 185. - - -Ploughman or Y 60- man, 904 - - Punder, 225,

(a) 3

304. - Smith, 225. - Ten- ants of Exchequer Lands, 304. - Villeins, 335, 239, 974, 304. ; Font of WeardaleMarble,378 Font of Hartlepool Lime- stone, 257.

Foot-bal] Playing, on Shrove Tuesday, 976. Fortification, ancient mode

of, at Hartlepool, 254-6.

Freeholders, 213.

Free and Charity Schools, 257, 280, 296-9, 308.

Free Waren, 214.

Freemasons, 310.

Finchale Abbey, $78.

Fish Trade, 256.

Fisheries, 304-14.

Floods, 319, 235, 314.

Gas Works, 281, 310.

Geological discovery, 266.

Glass Manufactories, 262.

Grammar Schools, 226, 240, 264-5, 275, 308, 378.

Grants of Lands, 212-13.

Guilds, 262.

Guisborough, Priory of, 254-7

Hall (old)of a goodly size,228

Hartlepool, a port of con- sequence in the days of the Normans, 254- - - Not en- titled to become a Parlia- mentary Borough, 225.

Hell Kettles, 245.

Hetherburn Caves, 299.

High Force, 313.

Holy Island, 233. See also Vol. II.

Holy Well, 266.

Hospitality, (remarkable) of the Rev. Mr. Gilpin, 264. Hoepital at Barnard Castle,

213.

Houghton-le-Spring, one of therichest districts in Eng- land, 266.

Hypocaust, 977.

Impreasment at Hartlepl 255

Infant Schools, 241.

Isle of Harts, 253.

Justices Itinerant, 212-13.

Kipper fish, 314.

Latham, in Laneashire, once a Cell to Durham, 295.

Lead Mines, 270, 298.

Leases at South Shields, (ex- orbitant) 282.

Libraries, 220, 244, 370, 280-1, 396-9, 307-9.

Life-boats, 258, 283, 346.

Light Houses, 283, 346.

Longevity, instances of, 233, 261, 273, & xivi-vil

Lorda of Manors & Honors,

' 215, 225, 235, 255, 261, 270, 281, 302, 37.

Lying-in Charities, 217, 242,

Magistrates, 218, 227, 266, 2R1l, 296-9, 306.

Manors. See Lords of Manors.

Manufactures, 218, 244, 282

Market, formerly held on Sunday, 274. size, 228.

Market Cross, 272.

Markets, 218, 227, 241, 254-8, 262, 270-2-4, 281, 296-9, 362-5, 310, 378.

Mechanics' Institutes, 235, 244, 280, 308.

Monastery at Hartlepool, 253-4-7.

National Schools, 217, 226, 241, 270-1, 279, 299.

News Rooms, 244, 281, 296, 306-9.

Optic Glasses, (mill for grind- ing) 244.

Ordinance abolishing Arch- bishops & Bishops, 303. Oxen, prodigious ones, 242,

266.

Paintings, 228, 240.

Parish of Stockton separated from Norton, 307.

Patriarch of Jerusalem, 302.

Plague, 216, 239.

Population.. - See first page

of the history of each parish.

Porpoises, 314.

Portrack, 314.

Prescription, explained, 305.

'

Stockton, 310.

Raffen, the celebrated Dan- ish Standard, 278.

Rail-Roads, 345, 313.

Ravages at Barnard Castle, 212.

Ravages of the Danes, 233, 254.

Ravages of the Scots, 255, 302.

Skerne, 240-4, - Tees,21 1, 318. - Wear, 347.

Roman Antiquitles, 298.

Roman Roads, &c. 232, 278.

Roman Stations, 233, 277.

Salt Trade, 282.

Sadberge, earldom & wapen- take of, 264, 302. ~

Saddle & coach horses, 242.

Salmon, thelr spawning and fry, 314.

Savings' Banks, 218, 244, 299, 310.

Scenery, (remarkable,) 228, 284, 313.

Scholarship at Brazen Nose College, 309.

Sedgefield, the Montpelier of the North, 273.

Seasions Petiy, 218, 227, 235, 241, 266, 281, 296-9.

Shields Haven, security of, 283.

* Shields Bar,' 283,

Sheep, large ones, 242.

Ship Carpenters, at South Shields, 282.

Shipping, 258, 282-3, 312.

Shot Tower, 216.

England, 234.

Spire at Darlington, struck by lightning, 239.

Springs, 219, 258, 266.

Stanhope Park, 298.

Streets, old Names of, at Darlington, 240.

Sunday Schools, 217, 226, 234, 241, 265, 275-9, 296, 308, 378.

Suspension Bridge proposed, at South Shields, 284.

Teeth of Charter Laws bro- ken, 281.

Theatre at Stockton, 310

Tithes at Darlington, 239.

Tides, and depth of water, in the Tees, 313-14.

Topographical Situations of Towns. See the first page of each History.

Towns, description of, 219, 227, 235, 245, 261, 269, 273, 281-4.

Town Halls, 218, 241, 257, 270, 281, 306, 378.

'Turbot fishery at Hartlepool,

Vow, cruel, of King Oswy,

253. of Sadberge,

Wapentake 211. Wool, price of, 241-2. Wynch Bridge, terrific pas- sage of, 269, 313.

INDEX OF KENGS, BISHOPS,

AND OTHER EMINENT PERSONS,

NAMED IN THE HISTORY OF THE TOWNS

COUNTY OF DURHAM.

elo

®e® See also Index of Durham at page 142, Sunderland at page 392, and of Newcastle § Gateshead at page L

Aidan Bishop, 253

Aldune Bishop, 233-8 Alexander, 213

arp wife of Richard IIL *) |

Askew Dr. 273

Backhouse Thomas, Esq.

242 Bacon Sir Francis, 215 Bainbrigg Bishop, 34 Balliol Alexander, 213 Baliol Barnard, 213 Baliol Guido, 211 Baliol Hugh, 212 Baliol] John, 313-14 Barnard Viscount, 215 Barston Shute, Bishop,

Beauchamp, Guy & Thos. Earls of Warwick, 214 nae cecaner at Holy-

Better: a earl aot 263 B » Saint, 253 B Anthony, Bishop, 214, peseste re Rowland, 262 lackett Sir W. 271 ner, Bishop of Lon- don, 264 ae Bishop, 214, 263,

aues Sir George, 216 Hrarsyece Rt. Viscount,

Breaks Thos. Esq. 318 964-5

4 BuO aeee ters ary,

Cambois Robert de, 304

Charies Il. Glare Gilbert de, B55 . Clifford Robert de, 255 . Coains, Bishop, 226-7, 248,

3 Crewe Lord Bishop; #¥7,

Charles I. a ;

307-9 Crom Oliver, 216 Crooks Mr, John, 257 Cumin, 3 919°

Cuthbert St. 233-8, 205 Cutheard Bishop, 374

Mar

cee Earl of, 215-19, Douglas, 298

Douglas Archibald, 239 Eanditeds, the davated!

gard coe Bishop, 233 1. 313, 239

ravers IIT. 214, £98 Edward IV. 214 Edwards Geo. - 230

lric and the Treasure

rove, 234 Elisabeth Queen, 214, 940 Egfrid, Bishop of Lindis-

farne, 254

Farnham Bishop, 302 Flambard Bishop, 295 Fordham Bishop, 255 Forster Francis, Esq. 943 Foster Thomas, Esq. 275 Galba Emperor, 235 Gilpin Rev. Bernard, 268,

» 26-4. Greathead Mr. inventor of the Life Boat, 283 Hastwell Rev. Was. 290 Hatfield Bishop, 285, 5-6 Sir Arthur, 237

Henry VII. 214 Hilda St. 253 Hooper, Bishop of Worees-

ter, . Hullock Sir John, Knight,

220 InsuJa Robert de, 94 James I. pat 226, 234

John Ki cat Duke of

John of

Lancaster Kellow Bishop, 274, 302 ee oe Bishop, 235, 255,

Le Spring Sir John aoten: Minister Pot Bi- Rod 4 Walcher, 234 er John, Esq. 375 r Peter, 263. Matthew Biahop, 234, 255,

302-4

Milbank Sir Ralph, 372 Montford Simon, Earl of Leicester, 262

Mortbam Robert de, 216

oe Bishop, 236, =

» 226 » Kerl of

moreland, N orthumberland, Ear) of, 916, 302

Oswy King, 253 Ouatterions: Str James & Richard Gr uae 2A etre reahiery de, 256 . ease Mrs. Pickering Rev. tee Peoonl: Panligeon Bishop, 340 Pocock Sir George, 955 Poictou Philip de, Bishop, ab a Champion Ent Poor, Dele ai rong? ay ee

Bishop, 238,

Vane Sir CREPE: » B15 esey Kustacde de,

Wales, Prince of, aA

Walker Edw. qpeene ) 226

Ghee Ae rata Earls of,

'| Walcher Bishop, 934.

Wheeler Sir Geo. Knt. 265 Wiliam -Conqueror, 254 Willtam IL (Rufus) 711 Wiliam {11.215

Wilson Miss, oF os ;

Wolsey Cardinal

Wulstan ean nicaop, 238

INDEX OF SUBJECTS,

CONTAINED IN THE

HISTORIES OF THE NORTHUMBERLAND TOWNS.

(A separate Index for Harham will be found at page 433.)

Abbeys. See Monasteries

Abbot of Alnwick, summon- ed to Parliament, 385.

Allendale (Villages in) 399 & 401. '

Allenheads, 401.

Altar dedicated to Jupiter, 459.

Alnwick burnt by King John and by the Scots, 882.

Ancient Britons, (Arms and Tools of) 387.

Ancient and ludicrous en- franchisement ceremony at Alnwick, 387-8.

Ancient Custom at Alnwick Fair, 391.

Anchorage Dues at Blyth, In

~ 1346, 410.

Annual) Revenue of Alnwick

iD, 389.

Annual Value of Lands; See first pages of each town and parish History.

Aviary, 386.

Assembly Room, (Alnwick) 392

Archdeaconry of Northum- berland, 155, 162.

Bailiff of Morpeth, 445.

Barracks, (Tynemouth) 462.

Baronies of Morpeth and Merley, 445.

Barony of Wooler, 488.

Bathing Places, 411, 469.

Battles at Alnwick, 332 - Corbridge, 415 - Hexham,

428, Belford Hall and Estate, (ex- tent of) 404 Benefactions, 391-0, 416,421, 449, 465, 483-7; See also Churches & Chapels of Ease Benefices in the Archdeacon- ry of Northumberland, 155 and 162. Benefit Societies at Morpeth, 450 - at North Shields,465. Bloody Acre, 415. B}yth Harbour, 411.

Borderers' (an attack by) | County Members and Coro-

445.

Boroughs; see Corporations.

Boundaries; see Parish Boundaries.

Bridges, 382, 400-7-17, 421, 451, 481.

Brislee Hil} Column, 384-6.

British Antiquities, 387, 407, 484.

Bushel, (Northumberland,) 384.

Bushel, (Hexham,) 437. Cambois, 451, & Vol. ii. Camp Hill Column, 386. Carr Shields, 401.

Catton Village and Beacon, 401.

Canoe, (at Alnwick,) 384.

Castles, Alnwick, 382-3-4 - Morpeth, 448 - - Tyne- mouth, 459.

Castle Banks, 420.

Catchburn, 445-8, 451, and Vol. if.

Cave near Rothbury, 484.

Ceremonies (remarkable,) 388, 391.

Chamberlains, (& four and twenty) instituted at Aln- wick, 388-9.

Charities; see Free Schools, Benefactions, Dispensaries Sunday Schools and Reli- gious Societies.

Chapels, 382, 390-8-9, 404-8, 410, 416, 420, 448, 464, 486-8

Churches and Chapels of Ease, 389, 398, 404, 407, 410, 416-20, 448, 461, 464, 483-6-8,

Clifford's Fort, 462.

Coalcleugh, 401. at Shields, 467,

Coins; Vide Roman Anti. quities.

Commons, (enclosure of,)

388, 398, 401, 459. Corporations, (Alnwick) 387 Morpeth, 445-6.

ners elected at Alnwick, 380.

County Prisons; see Gaols, &o

Courts Baron, 389, 417, 446, 468 - County, 389- - Leet, 389, 417; 446, 468. - Man- or, 381, 389,

Cromwel} Oliver, an Ad- vocate for Free Trade, 462.

Crosses, 486.

Crusades, 385-6.

Custom HouseEstabiishment at Blyth, 411 - At North Shields, 467.

Customs, (amount of) ide Newcastle, p. cxxx. and Berwick, in Vol. iL

Danish Encampments, 387, 405.

382, 387, 415, 451

Deaneries in Northumber- land, 155.

Denwick, 387.

Dispensaries, 391, 449, 465

Eadowments better In Land

' than Money, 487.

English Armies at Alnwick, 382. ;

Fairs and Markets, 391-2-8, 404-8, 415-20, 447, 450, 463, 482-3-6-8.

Fenton, 488.

Fires, 382, 407, 415, 445, 488,

Fisheries, 392, 410, 447.

Fortifications, at Alnwick, 381; sce Castles and Da- nish and Roman Encamp- ments.

Free, &c. Schools, 390-9, 408-16-30, 449, 465, 483,

peth, 45).

Gas Works, at Alnwick, 391 - eat Nosth Shields, 466. 5

'

NORTHUMBERLAND INDEX OF 8UBJECTS.

Giant Cor, 417.

Goats keptat Rothbury, 483, and formerly at Wooler, 489.

Goods of Felons once a valu- able perquisite, 482.

Grammar Schools; sce Free Schools.

Grand Review on Blyth Sands, 410.

Great Unknown, (Error re- specting the) 417.

Greenwich Hospital obtains the Estates of the Earl of Derwentwater, 407.

Grieve the Scotch Champion slain by the youth Snow- don, at Gamble's Path,

484.

Hareshaw Lion Waterfall, 407.

Hammond's Ford, 382.

Heckley Grange Suicides, 337

Hiring Days; sce Fairs.

Houses of Correction, Aln- wick, 389 ; Morpeth, 451; North Shields, 468.

Hulne Abbey, 385.

Hulne Park, (Antiquities found at) 387.

Hutch (Morpeth,) 446.

Smpressment, 467.

Jack in the Basket, (Beacon) 416.

Kilhope Law, 400.

Lead Mines, 398, 400, 414.

Libraries, (Sub. and Cir.) 391, 399, 408, 449, 466,

483.

Libraries (Parochial) 200.

Life Boat. (N. Shields) 467.

Light Houses, 410, 462, 467.

Longevity (remarkable in- stances of) 387, 391, 414, 482, 483, 488.

Lords of Manors, Alnwick, 388; Belford, 404; Bel- Angham, 407; Newsham and Blyth, 409; Corbridge .4153 Haltwhistle, 420; Hexham, 430: Magpeth, 448; Tynemouth, 463; Rothbary, 483; Wooler,

483, pire Lodge, (Morpeth,) uae see Semions

Magnesian Lime Stone, 459. Manors; sce Lords of Manors

Manufactures, 404, 450,

Markets; sce Fairs.

Mechanics' Institutes, Aln- wick, 390 ; Morpeth, 449 5 North Shields, 466.

Members in Parliament for Morpeth, 446.

Merchant Seamens Register Office, 469.

Manufactures; see Trade. .

Monasteries, &ea Alnwick Abbey, 3:4; Corbridge, 415; Hexham, 496, 428, 431, 433; Hulne Abbey, 385; Tynemouth, 459.

Moors, (Bellingham,) 407.

Morewic given to St. Cuth- bert, 447.

Mysterious dleappearance of a Youth at North Shields, 463.

News Rooms, at N. Shields, 468.

Nine Banks, 401.

Odd Fellows, (Morpeth) 450.

Officers, Public, at North Shields, 468.

Old Town, 400.

Ottadini, (the Court of) 415.

Parishes, (boundaries, ships, population, extent and value of,) 381, 398, 403, 406, 414, 419, 434, 444, 458, 481, 485-6, 488.

Parish of Simonburn divided

407.

Parochial Libraries estab- lished by the late Arch- deacon, in Northumber- land, 200.

Percy Tenantry Column, 386.

Percy. Tenantry in Arms, 384,

Parliamentary Borough, un- able to support its Repre- sentatives, 415.

Penbal Crag, 459.

Pigun Wm. the Monk, 460,

Plague, 387, 416.

Police, and Public Officers at North Shields, 468. :

Poor Rates, 391-1, 416-19, 449, 465, 486-1.

Prestwick Carr, 486.

Population ; s¢e Parishes.

Prior of Tynemouth sum- moned for establishing a

Quaker, (Tomb of a) 392 Queen Anne's Bounty; ses urches.

Rivers, Aln, 381-5, 392, Allen, 396, 400-20 ; Blyth, 410, 486; Cat Raw, 496; Coquet, 483; Funt, 451; Pont, 486; Tippal, 490; Tyne River, see p. cxix; Wansbeck, 414-7, 458.

Roman Stations, Antiquities, &c. 383-4, 400-7, 415-20, 459.

Rothbury, the resort of Ve-

Sarcophagus, 384. Savings' Bank, at Alnwict., 391; at Morpeth, 450.

town- Scenery, 384-5-6, 403, 439,

420, 451, 461, 469, 483. Seal of Alnwick, 388; of

Sessions (Petty & Quarter, 389, 430, 451, 468; Vide, also Newcastle, p. cxili.

Sheep Layers, 387.

Shipping, 411, 467.

Silver found in the Lead

_ Mines at Allendale, 400.

Skeleton of prodigious Size, 417. .

Springs at Belford, 405.

Statues found at Alnwick,

389.

Sunday Schools, 390, 414-16, 465, 487-8.

Swanfjeld House, 386-7.

Streets in Alnwick, 380; Corbridge, 411; North Shields, 470.

Theatre in Fenkle-street, Alnwick, opened in 1826.

Theatre, (North Shields,)

466. Tides, dec. (at Blyth) 410, in

Town at N. Shields, 463. the Tyne, cxx.

xii

NORTHUMBERLAND INDEXES.

Tithes; see Churches.

Topographical Situations of Towns; vide first pages of each History.

Towns (description of) 381-2, 398, 403, 407, 409, 514, 420, 424, 445, 450, 458, 463, 483, 486, 488.

Town, (largest in Northum- berland) 463.

Town Halls, Alnwick, 389;

Hexham, 430; Morpeth, 451.

Townships ; sce Parishes,

Trade & Commerce of Aln- wick, 392; Blyth, 411; Hexham, 437; Morpeth, 450; North Shields, 467.

Tynemouth Parish, 458, to 469, & Vol. iL - Priory, 459, 461. - Castle, Fortifi- cations & Barracks, 461-2,

Church 461, & 464 - Vill- age, 469. Wannie, or Green Crag, 452. Watch and Ward, 392. Water, supply of at Alnwick, 388, 391 ; st Morpeth, 450; at North Shields, 466. White Croes How], 387. Wooler Tower, (Ruins of) 488. Workhouses ; see Poor rates.

INDEX

CONSISTING OF THE NAMES OF PERSONS MENTIONED IN THE

HISTORIES OF THE

NORTHUMBERLAND TOWNS.

Akenside, 459, 2°"

Algernon, Earl of Northum- berland, 399.

Allan William, 484.

Bale John, the Carmelite, 326.

Beaumont Co]. & Mrs. 398.

Bellingham (barons of), 407

Brandling Sir Fras. Knt. 385.

Brown Dr. John, 484.

Capel! Hon. Dotothy, 421

Carr William, (his great strength) 411.

Carlisle, Earls of, 447-9.

Common Mr. John, 387.

Cosins Bishop, 461.

Coughran George, 484,

David King of Scotland,382, 415, 459.

Derwentwater, Earl of, 407.

Duchess of Northumberland, 3882. - Duke of Northum- berland, 384.

Edward I. 404, 460.

Edward II. 460.

Edward VI. 449.

Edwin King of Northumber- land, 459.

Fitz-John Eustace, 384.

Pits-Roger Robert, baron of Warkworth, 482.

Gaveston, favourite of Edw. "UI. 400.

A

naif

Gibson Thomas, 452.

Gloucester, Prince Wiliam of, 410. ;

Gloucester Thomas, Duke of, 460.

Hammond, kills the king of Scotland, 382.

Henry I. 416.

Hindmarsh Mias, 392.

Horsley Rev. John, 448.

Hotspur, 381.

Huntercombe Walter de, 404.

Ido, first Saxon King of Northumberland, 383.

Ivo de Vescy, 384.

James II. 462.

James Fits James, 462.

Kettlewell Mr. Thomas, 466

King John, mired at Aln- wick, 388. - seeks treasure unsuccessfully at Cor- bridge, 416° Burnt out' at Morpeth, 445.

Leven General, 461.

Leyburn Thomas, 469.

Lilburn Colonel, 462.

Malcolm HII. King of Scot- land, killed at Alnwick, 382.

Marshall Mr. George, 411.

Merleys The, 446-7.

Middleton Sir Wm, his fault

"and fate, 460,

Morrison Dr. Robert, 452.

Mowbray Earl, 459.

Newcastle, Earl of, 46.

Oswald St. 459.

Percy Lord Henry, 38-3, 415.

Percy Hugh, Duke of North- umberland, 384.

Ratcliff Madam Ann, 417.

Richardson William, 469.

Ridley Sir M. W. 409.

Rosella, takes the Vell, 459,

Rufus lius, 459.

Rufus William, 459,

Rumney Bernard, 484.

Tankerville, Earl of, 488.

Taylor Henry, 470.

Tostig, Ear! of Northumbert- land, 459.

Tumer William, A. M. 45%

Vescy William de, 385.

Vescy Wm. & Ralph Frese bom, establish the first Carmelites in England, 385.

Waltheof, Earl of North- umberland, 459.

William the Lion, taken pri- soner, 382.

Widdrington Sir Thomas, 487.

York, late Duke of, 410.

.

HISTORY

oF

THE TOWN AND COUNTY

oy

Newrastlesupon-f pune.

s

CHAPTER I.

Situation of Newoastle, and the station which it holds amongst the principal towns of England - Early History and ancient Appel- tations - /Era of the Romans - of the Sarons - of the Danes - Norman Invasion and Conquest - Incursions of the Picts and Scots - Murder of the Earl of Northumberland and Bishop Walsher - Erection of the New Castle - Battles, Steges, The Plague, Famine, Earthquakes, Fires, Inundations, Armies, at Newcastle during the Scottish and Civil Wars - Arms of the Town - Royal Visits and Charters - Commonwealth - Rebeltions of 1715 and 1745 - Public Rejoicings - Riots tn 1740 - Lam- berf's Leap - Great Flood and Destruction ef Tyne Bridge - Foundation of the present Bridge laid - Bulloon Accident - New- castle Banks - Impressment - V olunteers - Jubilee - New Coinage - Reform Meetings - Population - Bills of Mortality - Table of Longevity - Processions.

Newcast te, is a borough, market town, and port; and, from its commercial importance, opulence, and population, may be justly stiled the capital of the whole district comprehended between the Tees and the Tweed.* It forms, with its precincts, a distinct county, situated at the southern extremity of Northumberland, on the north bank of the Tyne, at the distance of eight miles and r,. half from the confluence of that river with the German ocean, (jn 54 deg. 58 min. 30 sec. north latitude, and 1 deg. 37 min. 30! yo. west longitude. It is 273 miles N.N.W. of London; ]17 7 yijes S.E. of Edinburgh ; 15 miles N. of Durham; and 56 miles " ¢, of Carlisle. It belongs ecclesiastically to the diocese of Durhar . and. is comprised in the deanery to which it gives name, andia th » arch- deaconry of Northumberland.

According to Camden, and other ancient topographe -, New- castle and Gateshead formed the Roman frontier garr' on Gabrosentum ; but Dr. Horsley, and the '* Notitia Im 99 cone sider it to have been the Pons Zlii of that warlike p eople, under which appellation it is mentioned so early as the year 445 when it

© The town of Newcastle whether considered with relation to earty history, or to its present improving condition, is a highly interesting portion' = kmgdom, and ranks deservedly as the fifth maritime commercial statloa ig Great Britain, and ig the seventh town in point of gas England.

xiv Chronological History of the Town and

was occupied by a cohort of the Corrovii. After a silence of nearly two hundred years, this station is again noticed in history, under the new name of Ad Murum, (at the Wall) which it had derived from Adrian's Vallum and Severus' Wall, both of which extended from Bowness on Solway-Frith,'im:Cumbeérland, by way of Carlisle, Thirwall Castle, Brunton, near St. Oswalds, Rou- chester and Heddon on the Wall, to Newcastle, thence pro- ceeding eastward, by the Red Barns and Ouseburn, terminated on the north bank of the Tyne, at the village of Wallsend. This extensive barrier was upwards of eighty miles in length, and was first formed with ramparts of earth, wn up in pursuance of the orders of the Roman Emperor, Adrian, who came to Bri- tain in the year 124, accompanied by the sixth Roman Legion, stiled Legio Serta Victrir. It was intended to prevent the incur- sions of the Caledonians, who had so frequently made inroads into England, and who afterwards, in the reign of Commodus, being encquraged by the lax discipline of the Roman soldiers, again en- tered the Anglo-Roman provinces, and ravaged the country as far as York." Marcellus Ulpius, aided by the ninth Legion, drove back the Caledonians within their own borders, and the country was thus, for a short time, rescued from the terrible visitation of these northern invaders. About the 207, the Scots again broke through the earthen barrier, by Adrian, and, under the command of Fulgenius, besieged the city of - York. Virius Lupus, then Propraetor in Britain, feeling his perilous situation, wrote to the Emperor Severus, who, accompanied by his two sons, Caracalla and Geta, and a numerous army, immediately set out for Britain. The invaders on the arrival of this reinforee- * ment, retreated to their fortress beyond Adrian's Vallum,' whence they were driven by Severus, who, after subduing this hitherto fierce and unconquered nation, erected a stone wall along the whole line of the ramparts raised by Adrian. Vestiges of this stuperidous work, which extended from sea to sea,' are still visible at Newcas- ' 'tle,* where,it formed that part of the town's wall which exterided from the Carpenter's tower to Pandon gate, thence it passed along the Low bridge, by St. Nicholas' church, and through the vicar- age garden to the Westgate. Bede the venerable historian, of Jarrow, informs us, that Severus' wall, being broken down in - several places by the "' barbarians," (as he termed the Abo: es,) -, @nother was built by the Romans, on the same site, eight feet thick, and' twelve feet high, strengthened with turrets at inter- vening distances. But in spite of this strong bulwark, the Piots and Scots, still continued to annoy the Romans, by making incar- sions into their provinces and harassing the feeble and enervated '. Anhabitants, whom they considered as intruders. Inthe meantime 1; Rome herself became agitated by civil discord, and her empire, 90 _« , convulsed by the competition of rivals for supreme power, that the "n; Romans, in 448 were obliged to withdraw their remote garri- ', #0D8 1Q order to preserve 'their seat of government; hence the troops took their final leave of Britain, and the effeminate inha-

® Camden says, "at Pampedon or Panton-gaté,' there still remains one of the little turgets of Severus' wall ;" but this venerable relic of Roman antiquity - was removed in 1796, for the purpose of widening the passage.

County .of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. av

bitants, finding themselves unable to repel the violent attacks of their northern neighbours, invited the Saxons to their aid, and, with their assistance, finally defeated the Picts and Scots. After this succesg, the Saxons soon began to show their treacherpus de- signs, and at length subjugated the weak, defenceless Britons, and divided the country into seven kingdoms, constituting the Hep- tarchy. Ethelfrith wag created. king of See in which sovereignty Newcastle and the country between the Humber and the Tweed was comprehended ; antecedent to the heptarchy, the two Anglo-Saxon chiefs, Ida and ENa, reigned over ati dis- triet, the former exercising regal authority in Bernicia on the no and the latter in Deira on the south side of the river

During the heptarchy, the Saxons held Newcastle in great esteem, and made jt one of the chief seats of the Northumbrian kings, who, having established a great number of monasteries" in the town, gave it the appeltation of Monkchester, about the close of the 7th century, which it retained until the building of the New Castle, in the year 1080. ,

The Danes, who had long envied the prosperity of their neighbours the Saxons, in the possession of the richest island in Europe, fitted out a mighty fleet and invaded England in 786, | with a numerous army, commanded by Hinguar and Hubba ; but these marauders did not visit the neighbourhood of Newcastle until the year 800, when they plundered the monastery at Tynemouth, and afterwards, in. 866, completely destroyed it. In 832, .an; army of Danish pirates made an attempt to land at Newcastle, but , were routed, and driven back to their ships. In 866, several vessels with troops from Denmark, commanded by Halfden, again entered the Tyne, and were cantoned in the adjacent villages during the winter, it being then too late in the vear to make any progress in the northern parts of Northumberland. Early in the ensuing spring, they however, began their ravages by committing

t and almost incredible spoliation both on persons and property. |

e straggle for dominion between the Saxons and the Danes continued for several ages, but the jee? of the former was completely extinguished in thé year 1010, when the Danes acquired. possession of the whole of South Britain. -

From the period when England was divided between Edmund and Canute, A.D, 1017, until the Norman invasion and conquest, . Newcastle is not distinguished by any important occurrence. |

William the Conqueror frequently visited this town in his wars against the refractory Barons, and.the restlesa Scots. In 1068, Northumberland was invaded, and Newcastle was taken by Edgar Etheling, heir to the crown of England, and king Malcolm of Scotland,-at the head of a numerous party of Danish insurgents. The conqueror soon afterwards engaged, and completely defeated them on the heath at pects Fell; he then ate levelled Newcastle with the ground, in order to prevent its becoming again the asylum of his enemies, In 1070.and 1072, William passed

ovasteries of -Monkchester remained jn ruins from.the year 875 to aed Puna arise teen plundered and desecrated by the Danes; but In the latter yous thay. were visited.and repaired by (3) from, the kingdom of Mercia.

xvi Chronological History of the 'Town and

through this town on his way to Scotland; and in the latter year, king Malcolm met him at Berwick-upon-Tweed, where the Scottish monarch did him homage.

In 1070, Copsi, whom king William had created earl of Northumberland, to the exclusion of Osulph, was murdered at- Newburn, a village five miles west of Newcastle. Osulph, the Ex-earl having collected a few hardy villains, surprised the house where Copsi was on a visit, and pursued him to the church, whi- ther he had fled for sanctuary, but Osulph, disregarding the sanctity of the place, immediately set fire to the church, and as Copsi was serene to escape at the gate, his head was severed from his

dy. anal

wanker bishop of Durham, in 1080 purchased the earldom of Northumberland, and exercised such intolerable severities in his civil and ecclesiastical government as rendered him odious 'to the people, whose feelings he furthor outraged by allowing the mur- - derers of a popular Saxon nobleman, named Thalphy and his family, to escape justice. Shortly after this diabolical deed had been com- mitted, the bishop on tbe 14th of May, 1080, held a public as- sembly of his council and ministers, at Gateshead, where a numer- ous assemblage of the enraged people met, to revenge the deaths of the murdered family. The bishop, being alarmed for his safety, directed his officers to inform the people that restitution should be made to the relatives of 'the deceased. The multitude rejecting all ' proposals, beset the house with a loud clamour, and the words, "© Short red, good red, slea ye the bishoppe," being pronounced as © the signal for attack, they drew their arms from under their gar. ' ments, and butchered all the guards of the assembly. The bishop ~ and his retinue retreated to the church, whence he attempted to renew negociations with the leaders ; but the infuriated people were not to be appeased but by immediate satisfaction ; they there- fore set fire to the church, and put every person to death who at- tempted to escape; the venerable prelate was the last who endea- voured to fly from the sae flames of the burning structure ; having put up a short prayer to heaven, he advanced, veiling his face, towards the howling multitude, and was instantly pierced to the heart with a lance, after which his body was mangled in a most inhuman manner. When the riot had subsided, the bishop's re- mains were conveyed by the monks of Jarrow to their monastery, whence they were subsequently removed to Durham, and interred in the Chapter house.

The building of the castle and the circumjacent fortifications, according to the Chronicle of Mailross, was commenced in the year 1080, during the reign of William I. under the direction of Robert Curthose, the king's eldest son, who had returned to this town after an unsuccessful expedition against Malcolm, king of Scotland: But some historians assert that they were erected by Rufus, who was despatched by his father with an army against the insurgents, who were commanded by the Duke of Northumberland, and then in possession of Prudhoe Castle, situated about ten miles west of Newcastle. Rufus is said to have deferred the siege of that fortress till the ensuing spring, and to have garrisoned his troops during the winter, in this town, where he employed his soldiers in build- ing the Castle, on which occasion he remarked, that, " if we can..

County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 8 3s xvi *-

not take the Old,® we will at Jeast build a Newcastle." The town - which had been previously known by the appellation of Monk- - cheater Sinn received the name of NEwcasTLE, which it retains to ys

After the completion of the Castle, this town rapidly increased, and William and the succeeding monarths conferred upon it many

. privileges and immunities; and so early as the reign of the second William, it waa completely enclosed by a wall and fosse, and con- stituted a free borough.

Osmond, bish pf, Saliabury, in 1091 founded the. church of. St, Nicholas. At this period there was a Benedictine nunnery at Newcastle, which, pias & manuscript in the Bodleian li. brary, was instituted by n de Hilton, previous to. the year 1086. Margaret, Queen of Scotland, and Christiana her sister, took the veil in this mon >in the year 1093, after the siege of Alnwick Castle, in which king Malcolm and his son were slain.

In 1095, the castle of this town was seized by the adherents of the Earl of Mowbray, but it was taken by Rufus after a short seige, together with several partizans of the noble traitor: Mowbray retreated to Tynemouth monastery, which he converted into a fortress; but the king, after a seige of two months, took. possession of it, and the earl fled to Bamborough Castle, which was also besieged by the king, but finding it impregnable, he raised a fortress opposite to it, and placed a garrison therein to coutinue the blockade. The earl, having been invited out by some of his secret adherents, who were then guards of Newcastle, he advanced towards this town, but being pursued, he retreated to- the .charch of St. Oswin, at Tynemouth, where he was taken aeairic Ge CA of the twelfth Henry I. founded

About the ning e tw century, Henry I. foun the Hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, which stood near the Barras. Bridge, for the reception of persons afflicted with leprosy, once 0 prevalent in England. |

Early in the reign of King Stephen, Newcastle was occupied by David King of Scotland, who had made war upon Stephen, in sypport of the,rights of his niece, the Empress Matilda, by whose interposition a treaty of peace was effected in 1139, at ChesterJe- Street, where the Archbishops of St. Andrew's and Glasgow ap. peared ag ambassadors for King David, and the Archbishops of Canterbury and York for Ki Stephen. By the terms. of this peace, it. was arranged that Northumberland and Huntingdon should devolve from Matilda to her son Henry; and that Cumber- land, ' as of ancient right," should remain in David's possession. + In consequence of this arrangement, Newcastle continued in the hands of the Scots iy the year ee when it was restored, with other towna and cas to He .

In 1164, Hugh Padgey, Bishop of Durham, granted to the burgesses of Gateshead, the liberty of his forest there,. under.cer-

® Meaning the old castle of Prudhoe, once the strongest fortress in |

Ni '* Dalrymp. Col. p. 175 W. Malm. p.. 182.. The boroygh, jaws in the Coreen estita werg made by King David, and ane dated at: the, New ,Castel}

on, the Weter of Tyme." (b) 3

"xviii | Chronological History of the Town and

tain restrictions, with privileges similar to those enjoyed by the ° burgesses of Newcastle. ¥ William, surnamed the Lion, King of Scotland, commenced ° hostilities against Henry II. in 1174, and entered England at the head of a disorderly army of 80,000 men, and advanced to the banks of the Tyne : on the march, his troops committed a number of excesses, and devastated the country wherever they appeared. Being gallantly repulsed at Prudhoe Castle, the invaders retraced their steps, and laid seige to the castle of Alnwick. This invasion very soon received a check, for, on the llth of July, Ralph de Glanville, sheriff of Yorkshire, accompanied by Baliol, Stuteville, Umfreville, Vesci, and other northern barons, together with 400 knights, entered Newcastle, and, after a short interval for refresh- ment, commenced a rapid march in search of the enemy. This chosen band arrived early the next morning, under cover of a mist, at the Scottish camp, where the king, with a troop of horsemen, was exercising in feats of chivalry; they immediately rushed in amongst them, and in the first shock William was dismounted and taken prisoner, and his troops made a precipitate retreat. The royal prisoner was conducted the same evening to Newcastle, whence he was sent to Richmond castle, and afterwards to Rouen, in Normandy. The sum of £4,000 was ultimately paid for his ransom, and he was liberated at York, where he, with his barons, prelates, and abbots, did homage to Henry in the cathedral, as their superior lord, and were then dismissed. On their return to Scotland, a dreadful rencontre took place on the Tyne Bridge, at Newcastle, between William's guards and the Commons of the town, the latter being highly exasperated on seeing their old enemy again at large, whom they had so often had cause both to hate and fear. Sir John Perth, and others, belonging to the royal escourt, were slain in this affray.

About this time, a person named Aselack, of Killinghouse, founded and endowed a hospital and chapel, dedicated to St. Mary, and placed therein several friars and a chaplain; the building is now used as the Grammar School.

King John, whose reign is marked by extraordinary instances of cruelty, perfidy, and degradation, in 1209 affected to lead a military expedition against Scotland ; but William, the Scottish monarch, met him at Newcastle, where a convention was held, and for some time postponed, in consequence of the indisposition of King William, who here Jay sick a considerable time. In 1213, the king again marched through this town with his army against the Scottish king, who met him on the borders, and a mediation ensued; after which King John returned to Newcastle, where he resided during @ considerable part of his reign. This town was peculiarly favoured by this monarch ; he strengthened the fortifica- tions, and instituted in it a Society of Free Merchants, the date of whose charter is a year earlier than that of the Merchants' Com- ran of London ; the former being granted in 1215, and the atter in 1216.

The arbitrary measures of the violent, though feebte and cowardly, King John, soon produced a general disaffection amongst the barons of Northumberland, who solicited the assistanod of Alexander II. King of Scotland. In order to crush this insurrec-

County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. six -

tion, John advanced with an army to the Scottish borders, in his progress, burnt down the castle at Wark, took the emied fortress of Berwick, and committed the most barbarous cruelties. Camden says that Morpeth was set on fire by the inhabitants to prevent its becoming the asylum of the troops, who intended - to have gone into quarters there during winter.®

In 1234, Newcastle was visited by a grievous plague, which continued for three years; and in 1240, it experienced a great dearth and mortality.

Henry III., in the year 1235, granted a special charter to the ''men of Newcastle," which excluded all Jews from residing amongst them ; and three years afterwards he gave them the land called the Forth, with leave 'to dig stones and coale+ there." In 1236, King Henry, and Alexander, King of Sootland, held a conference in this town, the latter having demanded the restitution of Northumberland, Westmorland, and Cumberland ;¢ The dis- pute not being finally settled, King Henry, in 1244, collected his army at Newcastle, whilst Alexander assembled his forces at Pont. - Eland ; - happily, the two armies were not brought in contact, a peace being effected between the contending monarchs, through the mediation of the Archbishop of York ; and a war was thus avoid- ed in which Northumberland would probably have been the princi- pal scene of action. In 1248, the King erected the Black Gate, which was the main entrance to the castle, at the cost of £514 15s. 11d. ; it was defended by portcullis, both within and without the gate. In this year, op Farnham founded the Hospital of St. Edmund the Confessor and 8t. Cathbert, in Gateshead.

At this period, a great part of Newcastle was unfortunately destroyed by fire. In 1249, the king issued a mandate, com- manding the Bailiffs of Newcastle to elect four persons to act as moneyers, and four others to have the custody of the Mint there. Coins were struck in this town in the reigns- of Henry I. II. and IIT. and those of Edward I. and IT.

In 1251, Sir Peter Scott was the first Chief-magistrate of Newcastle, who received the title of Mayor ; from which period to the year 1400 the town was governed by a mayor and four bailiffs, who were elected annually. Sir Peter, and his son, Sir Nicholas Scott, founded the Black Friary, which stood near the head of Westgate street.

H III. accompanied by his queen, visited this town in 12638, on their route to Wark castle, where the pair met their daughter and son-in-law, the King and Queen of d. About this time, H. licensed the Carmelites or White Friars, who were first established in St. Michael's Priory, on the Wall Knoll, of which building they had obtained a grant for themselves and

® Under similar circumstances, but on 2 ecale infinitely more gigantic, was the burning of Moscow in the winter of 1619-13, and it is possible thet this instance, among others, was not unknown to the herole Count Rostopehin, whose ' patriotisin and firmness saved the Russian dominions by the sacrifice of "a City for sn Exmpize*" ips a

+ The particulars relative to this important geological production will be fully detailed in the progress of this work.

¢ Chronicle of Maliros i,

xx Chronological History of the Town and

successors, in fee, of John de Byker. The Carmelites afterwards

removed. to. the house formerly occupied by the Sac Friars, in

Westgate-street, all the members of the latter fraternity being

then dead, except Walter de Carlton. The Franciscan, or Grey

Friars, were instituted in this reign. An account of this, and the. other monastic establishments which formerly existed in Newcastle,

will be found at a subsequent page. |

Alarming earthquakes were felt at Newcastle in 1276, accom- panied by dreadful thunder and lightning.

In 1280, the "' Justices ItrwzRant" held their courts in the churches of St. Nicholas.and St. Andrew. On their approach to.the town, according to ancient custom, the King of Scotland,. the Archbishop of York, the Prior of Tynemouth, the Bishop of Durham, and Gilbert de Umfreville, or their Bailiffs, were wont to.meet them at Chille-Well, in Gateshead parish, and there ask of them a confirmation of their several liberties. __

A Cockettum,. or Custom-House, was established here in 1280 ; and in 1282, pos cree I, summoned two representa- tives from Newcastle to his parliament at Shrewsbury.

The Churches of All Saints and St. John's are said to have been built about the year 1286-7. The Augustine Friary, in the Manor Chare, was established in 1290, by William Lord: Ross,

In 1297, Northumberland was again overarun by the Scots, then commanded by Wallace, their famous champion; the affrighted inhabitants fled to Neweastle for safety,, but many were slain by. the marauders, who laid waste the country in their progress, plundered and burnt down most of the buildings at Hexbam, Corbridge, Lambley, and Ryton, and. put to the sword all who were not fortunate enough to escape. The Scots next approached New-: castle, when, the townsmen having armed themselves, gallied forth. to give battle.to the invaders, but the Scots declined an engage. | ment, and changed their route. In this year John Scot and Peter Graper, or Draper, represented this town in the parliament which Edward J. held at York, whence, in the following year, a general summons was issued for all persons in the service_of the king to, appear in arms.at Newcastle within eight days, and thence to pros . ceed against the Scots,

In 1299, Edward I. granted a charter, by which the village of Pandon was united with this town; he also attended, on the 7th of December, a chapel at. Heaton, to hear a Boy Bishop® perform the vespers of St. Nicholas, and is said to have given this. juvyenije prelate, and the singing boys, the sum of forty shillings, This monarck again henoured Newcastle with a visit in 1302,.pre.. vious to assembling his afterwards victorious army at. Berwick ; | during -his progress, he penetrated the remotest parts of Scotland,, and completed the conquest of that kingdom. Wallace was after.

to.the dishonourof the conqueror, executed.in Lon- don 3 and in 1306, John de Seyton, one of the esquires of Robert. Bruce, suffered at Newcastle.

Edward II: visited this. town.in 1310, and -also.in 1311; on. ©

the latter occasion he had retired here with his miinion, Piers.

* For a particular account of the Boy Bishop, ece Hone's Every Dey Book, Vol. I. p. 1557, and Voh II, p. 1601.

County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. xxi

Gaveston, against whom a confederacy had been formed by the nobles, and others of England, called Contrariants and Ordasners. On the King refusing to give up his obnoxious companion, the in- censed barons, headed by the Earl of Lancaster, proceeded to New- castle with all the forces they could procure, but the king and Gavestun, hearing of their approach, fled to Tynemouth, where the queen then resided and thence to Scarborough. The barons entered Newcastle immediately after the departure of the king, and seized the effects which he and his parasite had abandoned. In Gaveston's chest were found many jewels of t value, of which an inventory was taken; and, after the death of the favourite, were restored to the king. Edward again visited Newcastle in 1314 on his route to Berwick, where he assembled his army, con- rcs 40,000 horse and 52,000 infantry. In the following year the whole militia of England were ordered to repair to this town, where they again assembled in 1316, on another expedition against the Scots.

In 1527, thore wos o great famine and mortality in this town, and the quick are represented to have Decu svaeccly able to bury the dead; several under the influence of extreme hunger, are said to have eaten their own children, whilst the thieves in pri- son devoured those who were newly incarcerated, and greedily eat them alive.

In 1319, Edward II. invested the Corporation of Newcastle with the conservatorship of the river Tyne; and in 1321, the commissioners appointed to conclude a treaty of peace between England and Scotland, assembled here on Candlemas-Day, but it appears that the negociation was unsuccessful, for, in the follow. ing year, on the feast of the Holy Trinity, the king's forces again met at Newcastle, and the Scots afterwards besieged the town; they however met with a vere repulse. In 1323, one quarter of the body of Andrew de Hartcla, Earl of Carlisle, who had been executed for treason, was exposed on the keep of the castle. In 1327, the king's military vassals were summoned to attend at Newcastle on the Monday before Ascension Day. The ing did not appear in person, but deputed his uncle, the Earl of Norfolk, Marshal of England, to take the command.

Edward ITI., in 1332, deputed John Darcy and William Den- um to treat with the ambassadors from Scotland, at Newcastle; two years afterwards, Edward kept his Whitsuntide here; and, on the 19th of June, Baliol, king of Scotland, did homage, in the church of the Black Friars, and alienated to England the five Scottish counties next adjoining to the borders of the two king- doms.. Baliol performed this act of humility in a solemn manner, before a great number of nobles and others, then assembled. In 1335, the king once more visited Newcastle, with his army: Baliol was, on this occasion, again in attendance, when the mariners of _

this 'port were employed in the king's service on the coast of 8cot- rh pompye

" "In 1339, a great flood occurred in the river Tyne, which car. ried away part of the bridge at this place, when one hundred and twenty persons were drowned. On the 4th of November, 1341, the English army again assembled at Newcastle, when Edward III. marched against David, king of Scotland, who, in the following

xxii Chronological History of the Town and

year, hawing passed through Northumberland with an army con- . sisting of upwards of fifty thousand troops, encamped for one night in the vicinity of thjs town. Early on the following morn- ing, the inhabitants made a sortic, when a considerable number of the enemy fell, and the Earl of Murray was surprised and captured in his tent: The Scots, next day, assaulted the town, but Sir John Nevile, captain of the. castle, making a vigorous defence, . David was compelled to raise the seige; the Scots then to Durham, which city was taken by storm, and plunder- ed, many of the inhabitants belng put to the sword, without-respect toage or sex. The Scottish forces, on their return, passed near Wark Castle, where one hundred and sixty of their horses, laden with plunder, were taken by the governor and forty horsemen of that fortress. The Scots immediately besieged this castle, but hearing of the approach of Edward's army, they made a precipitate retreat. The pleasing deportment. of the Countess of Salisbury, who was then visiting in this castle, and the joy which she expressed . on the arrival of the English monarch, gave rise to. an amour, to which the OrnpER oF TUR Ganrun fs sald to Owe its origin.

In 1340, Newcastle was again visited by the plague, which continued its ravages for the space of two years. In 1346, this town furnished seventeen ships,.and three hundred and fourteen . men for the seige of Calais. The Queen of England was hereon | the 17th of October, 1346; on the day that the celebrated battle was fought: at Red Hills, commonly called the battle of Nevill's, Cross, in which the Scots were completely defeated, and David, their king, taken prisoner, by John Copeland, a Northumbrian esquire. Seven years afterwards, the commissioners of. England, and the vobles.of Scotland, met at Newcastle, to treat for the en. largement of the captive prince, and the conclusion of peace.- At . this assembly, David, with the permission of King Edward, was present. In 1349,'the town was nearly destroyed by an accidental | fire, and, in 135€,.it received a charter from-King Edward IIL, | by pvhich the mayor was made esoheater,* and the burgesses nb- tained several additional privileges, which will be found enumerated | with their other grants and immunities, at a subsequent page. oer

The English.army was ordered to assemble at Newcastle on thé 14th of July, 1385,. whence they proceeded against the Scots, who, under the command of the Earls of Fife, March, and Douglas, had - demolished the fortreases.of Ford, Wark, and Cornhill, and laid waste the country as far.as the Tyne. Threg years afterwards, wher the English were unhappily engaged in the civil. dissentions between the king and his parliament, the Scots, again invaded | Northumberland, and so.numerous were the mili forces assem- bled in Newcastle, that it is. said "' they wist not where to lodge.' The enemy had several skirmishes with the English, in the vicinity of the town, in one of. which Sir Henry Percy, fighting hand to hand with Douglas, lost his standard, which he made a vow to re-. cover, and for that purpose pursued the Scots as far as Otterburn, where a bloody battle was fought,.in which Douglas fell beueath the eword of the valiant Percy, wha, from his martial prowess and. intrepidity,: had received:the name of Hotspur.

® Lordof the Mazon.

a ee er . | ; 'County of Neweastle-npon-Tyne. wexill

| Henry IV., in £400, granted a charter, by which Newcastle

was ted from Northumberland, and made town and county

-: OF itself.' In 1402, a nightly watch was:established, which con-

'gisted of one eat ki 'whoee' chief duty was to guard the

- walls of the town; expense was supported by the inhabitants.

' About this period a conspiracy was formed to dethrone the king, of

_ which the Earl of Northumberland was one of the principal

leaders; the plot proving unsuccessful, several of the malcon-

' tents were taken and executed at Berwick; and on the 18th of

pte Bh 1408, the = Shel , the battle of Brambam

Or, one quarter y was for some time exposed 'on

the walls of Newcastle. Ths head of Thomas Gray, of Wark, ano- ther of the irators, was exhibited on the gates, in 1415.

'In 1416 town oncé more suffered by the plagne, which, six years afterwards, raged with such violence at: m, a8 to

'@@use an adjournment of the -assizes, and a total suspension of all public assemblies.

On the 18th of September, 1417, an order was received by the 'chaplains of St. Nicholas and All Saints, from the Bishop of Dire 'ham, commanding them to inflict certain penances, to which Matilda Burgh and Margaret Usher, two servants to Peter Bax- ter, of Newcastle, had been sentenced, for having put on the habits of: men, and impiousiy, as it was considered in those days, ap- peat the shrine of St. Cuthbert, who, it is said, when living

& strong antipathy to the presence of women, and in honour of this 'prejudice of the tutelary saint of the see of Durham against the sor sex, they were, on all occasions, prohibited visiting 'his tom

A treaty was signed in' the of 8t. Nicholas' church, in this town, at a meeting of the plenipotentiaries of the kings of

- England and Scotland, on the 13th of August, 1451.

In 1461, James Butler; Earl of Wilts and Ormond, who had

been so active in the wars of the Roses, between the houses of

' York and Lancaster, which, for some time, deluged the country with blood, was taken prisoner, after the battle of Towton, and beheaded at Newcastle on the first of May. He'was a violent parti- zan of the Lancastrians.

Another congress was held at Newcastle, in 1472, when it was agreed that, notwithstanding the complaints and infractions both 'by the English and the Scotch, that the treaty which had been

- settled at a meeting of the commissioners of the two kingdoms in the previous year, should still continue in force.

'The marriage between James Duke of Rothsay, heir apparent to the crown of Scotland, and Ann, daughter of the Duke of Suf-

- folk; and niece of Henry VII., was intended to have been ratified on the 6th of December, 1484, im the church of St. Nicholas, in this town; but this was a felicity reserved for Margaret, the king's eldest daughter, who, in 1503, passed throngh New accompanied by a numerous and splendid procession, on her way to Scotland, where she was espoused by James IV., he having

'then ascended the throne of that-kingdcm

In the fourth year of the reign of Henry VIII., the country

® Vide History of Durham Cathedral, at a subsequent page.

xxiv Chronological History of the Town and

being again involved in war with Scotland, a numerous body of military forces met at Newcastle, on the 30th of A t, 1513, whence they marched, under the command of the Earl of Surrey, against the Scottish troops, then in Northumberland. The two armies met on the 9th of September, on the field of Flodden, five miles south of the Tweed, where a long and bloody battle ensued, in which the English were victorious, and Scotland lost her monarch, and eight thousand men, who were slain in the conflict.® In 1641, the mayor of Newcastle attended the king, who was then at York, with a present of one hundred pounds. James V. of Scotland had engaged to meet King Henry, in that city, but he waved the interview, and, in the following year, hostilities re- commenced between the two kingdoms.

- Henry, on the death of James V., king of Scotland, in 1543, projected a marriage between his son Edward, then only five years years old, and Mary, the infant queen of that kingdom. Several Scottish nobles, who had been taken prisoners at a late defeat near Solway, were deputed to consult with Mary's guardians, respecting the intended union, which, had it been effected, would no doubt have extinguished the inveterate animosities of the two nations. Hostages were delivered to the Duke of Suffolk, lieutenant of the north, at Newcastle, for the return of these delegates, who, it ap- pears, were unsuccessful, for, in the following year (1544), the English forces were again ordered to Newcastle ; and, about the end of April, sailed for Scotland in two hundred ships, from Tyne- mouth haven. At this period many of the inhabitants died under the influence of the plague. ;

In 1548, the Ballast shores, and part of Byker, was annexed to Newcastle, by an act of parliament; and, in 1553, an act was passed for uniting and annexing Gateshead to the town and county of Newcastle, but it was repealed in the following year. Bishop Tunstall, in 1557, granted a charter to the company of glovers within the borough of Gateshead.

On the 16th of August, 1575, William Flower, Esq. Norroy king of arms, granted the addition of a helmet, crest, and support- ers to the ancient arms of Newcastle, which consist of, gules, three towers argent, two and one; crest, one tower argent, a demi-lion issuant rampert guardant Or, holding a split banner gules, ensigned with the arms of St. George; supporters, two sea horses proper, crined and finned; and the motto, Fort1TER DEFENDIT RIUMPHANS, was probably afterwards bestowed as a compliment to the town, for its gallant defence in the service of King Charles, in 1646.

In the years 1588 and 1589, no less than one thousand seven hundred and twenty-seven of the inhabitants of this town became the victims of a grievous plague, which appears to have extended its ravages to Hartlepool and Durham. Amongst the entries of persons who died of this distemper, in the register of St. John's, is the following, '' 1589, Edward Errington, the towne's fooll, buried ' the 23rd of August, died in the peste." The plague again visited Newcastle in 1625 and in 1636. In the latter year, five thousand and thirty-seven persons died of the infection, between the 6th of

© For a particular account of the Battle of Flodden Field, see the fnd YoL. of this Work.

Oeunty of Newcastle-upen-T yne. xav

a a a May and 81st of December, in Newcastle, and five hundred.and fifteen in Gateshead, from the 30th of May. to the 17th of October.

Queen Elizabeth, on the 32nd of March, 1599, granted a charter to the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle, the expense of which amounted to £634 108. This charter forms the basis of the present municipal constitution. The corporation afterwards received another charter from James I., by which their privileges and immunities were finally established; the time and manner of electing the mayor, sheriff, chamberlains, &c. was defined; and the mature and extent of the jurisdiction of the magistsates, the privileges of the freemen, and the liberties of town finally determined.

; James I. arrived in Newcastle on the 29rd of April, 1617, on his way to Scotland, He was met on the Sandhill, by the mayor, Lionel Maddison, the aldermen, and sheriff; and, after an oration from the town clerk, the mayor presented the king with a large bowl, of the value of one hundred jacobuses, and one hundred marks in gold. His majesty dined with the curporation on the fal. lowing Sunday, and on Monday proceeded on his journey.

The first Glass works, established on the banks of the Tyne, are said to have been commenced in 1619, by Sir Rebert Mansell, Knight, vice admiral of England, who brought workmen from _ Lorraine. Tlis important branch of manufacture, which gives employment to a considerable number of the inhabitants of this neighbourhood, and has tended largely to increase the wealth and prosperity of Newcastle, is particularly described at » subsequent page.

An account, which borders closely on the marvellous, of the fruitfulness of a Scotchwoman, the wife of a weaver of this town, is given in '' Sykes' Local Records." She is stated to have had by one husband no less than sixty-two children, who all lived to be baptized, and three or four of whom are represented as living in Newcastle in the year 1630.

- Charles I., on his way to Scotland, previous to his coronation, arrived at Newcastle, in June 1633, attended by the Earls of Northumberland, Arundel, Pembroke, Southampton, and Holand, the Marquis of Hamilton, Dr. Laud, Bishop of London, and many other distinguished personages, who were entertained by the mayor, Ralph Cole, who, on that occasion, received the honour of knighthood. The king and his retinue are said to have resided at Durham during a considerable part of this year with erred Merton, who entertained them at the expense, as some say, of £1,500 per day! Onthe 5th of June, the king visited Tynemouth castle, and, on' his return from Scotland, he passed through. Newcastle. He again visited this town, and remained in it. from the bth. to the '¥7th of May, 1639, at the head of a gallant army, with which he anarched against the Sootch covenanters. He was received by the inhabitants with the warmest testimonies of loyalty and affection, and was' magnificently entertained during his stay. On the ap- proach of the royal army, the Scots laid down their aruas, and swore allegiance; but the very next year, when the king had dis- banded his army, they again broke out in open rebellion. Thres parties at that time prevailed in Scotland, viz. the Rogalsts, who insisted upon the restoration of: the king's authority, without any regard to religious tenets ; Cea Montrose was regarded ag the c

xxvi Chronological History of the Town and

head ; - the rigid Presbyterians, who hated the king even more than

abhored toleration, and who determined to give him no aseist- ance till he should subscribe the covenant ; - and the moderate Pres- byterians, who endeavoured to reconcile the interests of religion and of the crown, and to suppress the sectarian army.

The Scottish army, commanded by Leslie, Montrose, and others, invaded England on the 2ist of August, 1640, and having, without molestation, marched through Northumberland, they en- camped on the 27th upon Heddon Law, near Newburn, four miles W.N.W. of Newcastle. The same night, Lord Conway, with the Earl of Strafford, general of the king's army, with 3000 foot, and 1500 horse, were drawn forth into a plain, on the south side of the Tyne, called Stella Haugh, to obstruct the passage of the Scots across the Tyne at that place. Next morning a messenger was despatched from the invaders, explaining that their intention was merely to present a petition to his Majesty, accompanied by a request for permission to cross the river for that purpose. The messenger returned with leave for a few to pass, but not the whole army. On the failure of this artifice, Leslie commanded some of his horse to ford the river, which attempt was for some time re- pulsed, but ultimately succeeded, and the English, at five next morning, retreated to Durham. Newcastle being at this period in a defenceless state, was immediately occupied by the Scots, and, for the first time, fell into the hands of an enemy who had often plundered and desolated the country around its walls. The inha- bitants were thrown into a state of terror and confusion by the appearance of these unwelcome visitors: the shops were Apr and the trade and commerce of the town was for some time sus- pended ; many families fled, and left their houses and property to the mercy of the conquerors, who, in order to maintain an amicable correspondence with England, paid for every thing they obtained in the town, either in money or by promissory notes. To prevent the Scots from advancing farther inté the country, King Charles assented to a proposal by which megegiations were opened, and sixteen English noblemen were appointed, who together with eleven commissioners from Scotland, assembled at Ripon.

The Scottish soldiers having received £60,000, on being dis- banded, quitted the country in 1641, and returned homeward. In the following: year the earl and governor of Newcastle put the fortifications at Tynemouth in a posture of defence, with a gar- rison of 300 men. An army of disaffected Scots again crossed the Tweed, on the 15th of January, 1644; it consisted of 1,800 foot, and 3,500 horse, who, having pursued Sir Thomas Glenham and the loyalists from Alnwick to Newcastle, summoned the town to surrender on the 3d of February. After s fruitless stay of three weeks, during which period several skirmishes took place, the Scots passed the Tyne on the 28th, and entered Sunderland on the 4th of March following. The Earls of Montrose and Crawford then entered Newcastle. The Earl of Calender, who had entered England with a reserved army, to assist the parliament against the king, joined with General Leven in the siege of this town, which commenced on the 13th of August, 1644. After a spirited resistance for about ten weeks, the Scots, on the 19th of October, opened a heavy fire from their batteries, upon the town-wall :

County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. xvi

about three o'clock in the afternoon the garrison, by means of counter mines, had very nearly approached the excavations of the enemy, which being signified to General Leven, he imm ordered the trains to be fired, whilst a general assault was made. Shortly afterwards the mines loded, and the enemy advanced to the breaches, where an obstinate resistance was experienced from the besieged, who for two hours kept up an incessant fire; but, after a desperate conflict, the assailants succeeded in f

the breach at the west side of the town, near to the Close-gate, when the garrison, seeing that further resistance was unavailing, forsook the walls and surreadered the town. The castle was held for several days by the mayor, Sir John Marley, accompanied by Lodowick Lindesey, Earl Crawford, Lord Maxwell, Doctor Wish- art, and others. General Leven entered the town on Sunday, the 20th of October, and went to church with his principal officers, to return thanks to God for their success. On the following day, Sir John Marley wrote a spirited letter to General Leven, stating his motives for resistance, and requesting to be allowed to with- draw to some neighbouring garrison belonging to the king, but the incensed general insisted upon an unconditional surrender of the castle, which was next day given up to the enemy, when the town's hutch is said to have been rifled, and most of the documents belonging to the corporation destroyed.

During the siege, General Leven, with his forces, appears to have been quartered at Elswick, a vi about a mile west of Newcastle; while the troops of Earl Calender were stationed at Gateshead, on the bridge, and at the glass-houses; below which a bridge of boats across the river had been established. The round tower in the Castle-garth, called the Half-moon Battery, (on the site of which stands the New County Courts) was fortified by the mayor, to secure the river and the Quay side. He also repaired the castle, which was then very ruinous, and tradition says, that, in order to preserve the beautiful tower of St. Nicholas, which the enemy had threatened to demolish, he placed therein the Scottish prisoners. The church of St. Andrew received so much damage during the siege, that the performance of divine service was sus- pended for a period of twelve months. General Leven took pos- session of Tynemouth castle after a siege, on the 27th of Oc A 1645; the principal officers having previously abandoned the garrison to avoid the plague, which prevailed there as well as at Newcastle® and Darlington.

During the long contest between the prerogatives of the Crown and the privileges of Parliament in this reign, Newcastle seems to have espoused the royal cause, and to have treated the persecuted and unfortunate monarch with more respect than any other town in the

® When the plague raged at Newcastle in 1645; the inhabitants sent for the Lee-pensy, and gave bond for a large sum of money, in trust, for the Joan of that miracle-working stone, which it was believed possessed the virtue of curing al diseases. This curious piece of antiquity has been in the possession of the family of Lee ever since about the year 1320. Itis a stone of a dark red colour, and triangular shape, set in # piece of sllver coin, supposed to be part of a shilling of Kdward I. Its virtues are sald to have been inhaled by drinking the water in which it had been steeped.

(c) 2

xEwiii Chronological History of the Town and

kingdeer; even in the last stage of his misfortunes, when, haying fled, from: Oxford, at that time besieged by the parliamentary foroes, he Placed. himself under the protection of the Scottish army at Newark. upea Trent, and was thence canducted to Newcastle, in 16465, the imbsbitants. sympethised. with the snfferings of their distressed serersign, and welcomed him on his entry, with the usual demon. atrations of rejoicing. Charles appeared satisfied with his removal to Bewoastle, and began.to entertain hopes af protection from the Seosa, whose pation had been fully gratified in all.their demands; and having already, in their own country. annihilated both episcopacy and_regal authority, had no further canceasions to exact from him. During the king's. stay. at Newcastle, he was particular in his attention at. the Scotch places of worship, which the preachers , had nearly transposed into news-rooms, and on every great event would ranseck scripture for applicable passages. - _One of the minis- ters, after a sermon full of rancorous allusions to the king, called for the 52d psalm, which begins,

'* Why dost thou tyrant bosst abroad, '* Thy wicked works to praise?"

The king immediately stood up, and called for the 56th psalm, which begins with these words:

"* Have mercy, Lord, on me I pray, ** For man would me devour."

The good-natured congregation, in pity to fallen majesty, showed greater deference to the sovereign than to the minister, and sung the psalm which the king had called for.

_ .. His Majesty, when in Newcastle, is said.to have resided in a house, now the property and residence of Major Anderson.® The room in which he slept still retains the name of " the king's bed-chamber;' and, until yery lately, contained a curious antique bed, supposed to have been the identical one upon which the unhappy monarch had passed many anxious nights. There is & popular tradition that the king attempted his escape from thig house, by the passage of Lort Burn, and that he had got down as far as the middle of the Side, when he was intercepted whilst endeavouring to force the iron grate at its outlet. After this, his majesty was kept in close confinement, and all intercourse with him was prohibited, either personally or by letter. The Scottish generals, whose confidence was extinct, treated him with distant ceremony and feigned respect; every proposal which was now made to the unhappy monarch, tended farther to his degradation and ultimate ruin ; it was required of him to issue orders to all his garrisons, commanding that they should be surrendered to the parliament, and Charles, who was either aware that further re-~ sistance would be unavailing, or that, from the circumstance of his actual captivity, his orders would be disobeyed, complied without hesitation. In 1647 a convention was entered into. between the Engtish parliament and the Scottish army, by which it was stipul. ated that the former should have possession of the king's person, and the latter, on the receipt of £200,000, should retire from

® In Andersop-place, Pilgrim-street.

- Srsesnawennreunconnenennnioreeicmteeteeneninenacistinsusnnnaiicennnninntin nANIAAN RNA iNnnnnttiehioRMMRINNA nn: County of Newcastle-upon.Tyne. XIX

England. Commissioners were accordingly deputed from London. to whom the custody of the king's person was transferred, and by whose orders his Majesty departed from Newcastle, on the 3d of February. Whilst Charles resided at Newcastle, and perhaps for the gallant defence of the town in his service during the siege in 1644, the motro " Forrirer Derrewprr Trivmpuans," is supposed to have been bestowed upon its arms.

On the 25th of April, 1648, the commons ordered the sum of £5,000 to be raised for the purpose of repairing and fortifying the town of Newcastle and Tynemouth castle, the former having suf. fered greatly during the siege by the Scots. About this time a new

- outwork, called Shield-Field Fort, was erected, and the town placed in a posture of defence.

Neweastle has little share in the annals of the Protectorate ; Cromwell appears to have been in this town only on the occasion of his return from the capture of Berwick, when he and his army are said to have been received with '* great acknowledgments of love." They remained here three days, and were invited by the mayor to a public dinner.

In the first year of the commonwealth, 1649, the inhabitants of Neweastle presented a petition to the common council, praying that all persons suspected of witchcraft might be immediately apprehended and brought to trial. On this, the magistrates sent two of their serjeants, viz. Thomas Shovel and Cuthbert Nichol. son, into the north, to engage a celebrated Scotchman, who pre. tended to the knowledge of finding out witches, by pricking them - with pins. On the arrival of the serjeants with this inhuman impostor, the magistrates sent their bellman through the town, who proclaimed that '* all people that would bring in any complaint against any woman for a witch, they should be sent for, and tried by the person appointed." Thirty women were brought to the town-hall, and, after being stripped, their bodies were cruelly per- forated with pins, by the reputed " witch finder," who declared nearly the whole of them to be guilty Indeed this wretch seldom let any escape his ordeal; the sum of £1, and sometimes as much as £3 per head being paid to him for all whom he chose to declare guilty, When the witch finder had concluded his iniquitous labours at Newcastle, and received his murderous wages, he went into Northumberland, and, after selling the lives of some scores more of his fellow-creatures, for the lucre of as many guineas, his villany was detected by Henry Ogle, Esq. but he made his escape, and returned to Scotland, where he was afterwards apprehended, and, being brought to trial, was found guilty, and received sen~ tence of death. Previous to being executed, he made an ample confession of his crimes, from which it appeared that above 220 women in England alone, had, at his instance, been put to death.

The instances of fraud and credulity which this country has exhibited, age after age, under the delusion of witchcraft and demonalogy are very numerous, but few of them possessed such atrocity as the one just described ; wherein a designing villain, aided by the ignorance and superstition of the magistrates, wag allowed to commit such a wholesale sacrifice of human life. Hap. pily the belief in the power, and even in the existence of this kind

of supernatural agency now no Os prevails, except amongst the &

ux%.- - «- Chronological History of the Town and

hatha iS aae Ait As, oat RN eS tA nie + ignorant of the vulgar; and the repeal of all the. statutes | elactog to witchcraft has removed from our criminal code the reproach cast on the legislature of the country by these ridiculous enactments. The following is an extract from the register of the ial chapelry of St. Andrews's, in Newcastle : - '* 1650, 21st August. Thes partes here undernamed wer executed in the town mor for wiches: Mathew Boumer, Isabell Brown, Margrit Madde- 'gon, Ann Watson, Ellenor Henderson, Ellenor » Hilsabeth - Dobson, Mrs. Elisabeth Anderson, Jane Hunter, Jane Koupling, Margrit Brown, Margrit Moffit, Kattren Welsh, Aylles Hume, and Mary Pootes." Here follow the names of persons executed for stealing, (a gang of moss troopers), at the end of which is written, ' Jane Martin, for a wich, the myller's wife of Chattim." A print of this horrid executjon is given in '*' Gardner's England's Grievances Discovered,"' published in 1655.

Two ancient punishments, formerly inflicted on disturbers of the peace, appear to have been practised in this town about the middle of the 17th century. A common Drunxkarp® was led through the streets as a spectacle of contempt, covered with a large herrel, called a Newcastle cloak, one end of which being removed, served to envelope the body of the unlucky baechanal, and, at the other end, a circular aperture being formed, admitted the head of the offender, by which means the vessel rested upon his shoulders. THE Sco_p was sentenced to wear the Branks, which being shaped in the form of a helmet, covered the chief part of the head, but left the face exposed, having a tongue of iron, which, being placed in the mouth of the virago, constrained silence from the most violent brawler. This curious machine, once used to promote taciturnity amongst the fair-sex, is still preserved in the court- house, but, we are happy to add, has been disused for neasly two centuries.

. _In October, 1650, upwards of 3,000 prisoners arrived at New- eastle from the battle of Dunbar, and, being confined in one of the churches during the night, were afterwards marched to Dur- ham Cathedral, any of them died for want of food on their route; .eome hundreds fell sick after eating up a field of cabbages at Morpeth, which they devoured both root and leaves, being re- Anoed to a state of extreme hynger and misery.

, _ George Fox, the well-known founder of the religious sect galled Qnakers, visited Newcastle in 1653, and again in 1657, bat sccording to his own journal, he did not meet with much gneouragement, for he acknowledges that he was only able to enue - a little meeting among friends and friendly. people, at

ateside.""

® By an act of parHament passed in 1553, it was ordered, that im Newcastle wpon-Tyne, there should be no more than four taverns, or wine cellars where wine was to be sold or uttered by retail! There are now upwands of 900 tayerne in the sown and suburbs, but we trust that the nessnaity fox using the ' NewogpfleCieely, Jaa not ipereased in the same ratio, though ' Tiss Twabelly,' in a letter dated DéeT, 1833, compleins of the prevalence of juvenile depravity, whioh appears to heye existed to a considerable extent in 1655, when the Merchants' Company made See nat ne SPOT Smee cam iceed et Forsiestion aoc arieseoaie

County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. uxxl

In 1658, Richard Cromwell, after the death of his father, was A pasapeing protector at Newcastle, and was complimented on his elevation to a dignity which he was destined not long to enjoy. General Monk, afterwards Earl of Albemarle, to whom may be attributed, in a great measure, the re-establishment of monarchy, arrived at this town in January, 1660, with his army, in pursuit of General Lambert, who with his forces had retreated from New- castle, on receiving intelligence that Monk had crossed the Tweed at Coldstream.

King Charles II. ascended the throne of his ancestors in 1660, when the sheriff of Durham, with more loyalty than hu- Manity, seized, on the 3lst of rh the effects of Mrs. Blakeston, relict of John Blakeston, Esq. M.P. who was proscribed as one of the regicides of the late king, durmg whose reign he represented this town in parliament. It appears, by an entry in the common- council books, dated August 8th, 1660, that the Earl of New- castle, Sir John Morley, Sir George Baker, Sir Nicholas Cole, Francis Bowes, Knight, James Cole, Esq. Henry Marley, Jonas Cudworth, Thomas Carnes, Anthony es. eee and Wm. Robson, clerk of All Saints, who had been disf ised for their loyalty, were restored to their former honours.

In 1669, a cause was heard at the Exchequer Court, between the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle, and the dean and chapter of Durham, in which the former charged the latter with having illegally commenced the building of s ballast-quay at Jarrow slake, when a verdict was returned for the plaintiffs. On the 18th of January, 1673, a dreadful storm occurred, in which 39 ships were wrecked on the Northumberland coast, sixteen of which to Newcastle and Shields. In 1675, a pestilential disease, the '' Jolly Rant," appears to have raged in this town and neigh- bourhood, when 924 persons djed of the infection.

On the accession of James IL., cep of Newcastle, was composed partly of papists and y of protestants, con- formists and een toate and the regalia of the corporation was carried alternately to the church, the mags-house, and the digeen meeting -house.

Tutt revolution of 1688, justly styled '* glorious," Newcastle declared for the Prince of Orange and a free parliament, in the . month of November. The populace demolished the beautiful equestrian statue of James II. which had recently been erected in front of the exchange.* When the statue had been taken down, it was dragged to the quay, and thrown into the rivers some time after it was recovered, and has since undergone a remarkable trans- formation, being melted down, and incorporated with other metal used in casting bells for the churches of All Saints and St. Andrew's,.as is shown by the following extracts from the books of the common council : - -' April Ist, 1695, All Saints' parish hum. bly request the metal of the statue (of James IL on Sandhill) towards the repair of their bells." St. Andrew's parish made a

t

© This vatue wan exeoutyd by Mi Wen Laxéom, at the cost of £800. The figures of the and his steed wete adiniratty delineated tw copper, and placed on a pedestal of white Italian marble. °

xxxii Chronological History of the Town and

similar request. '* Ordered, that All Saints have the metal be- longing to the horse of the said statue, except a leg thereof, which must go towards the casting of a new bell for St. Andrew's parish." In 1695, an act for the better admeasurement of keels and keel-boats, in this port, received the royal assent; and on the Sth of July, 1698, an act was obtained for the better supplying the town with fresh water.

On the 22d of August, 1701, Ferdinando Forster, Esq. then one of the representatives for Northumberland, was murdered by Mr. John Fenwick, of Rock, who stabbed him in Newgate-street, after leaving the Black Horse Inn, where they had previously had a serious quarrel respecting family affairs. Fenwick was hanged for the offence on the 25th of September following, at: the White Cross. During the execution al the gates of the town were. shut, to prevent a rescue by the people of the north, with whom the name of Fenwick was held in great veneration.

About this time a society appears to have been formed in Sandgate, for the purposeof reforming and improving the manners of the inhabitants of that part of the town; it consisted of twenty keelmen, who had entered into an agreement 'to exert them- selves in preventing tipplers upon the Lord's day, and in keeping Sandgate free of inmates." In 1703, Elizabeth Sharper, of Sid- gate, who had reached her 80th year, put an end to her existence in a fit of despair, by tearing out her own entrails. Another horrid and more deliberate suicide was committed here in the year 1763, by Susannah Nicholson, who maimed herself in a most dreadful manner, by cutting off her breasts, lips, ears, and nose,' and yet lived for some days afterwards. This suicide found its aay nto the French papers, and excited the commizeration of all

urope.

In the first year of the reign of George I. a rebellion broke: out in the north, and Newcastle became once more involved in civil war. The expulsion of the house of Stuart had always been con- . sidered by the partizans of that dynasty as an act of injustice © committed by the nation. Plans had long been meditated to restore the deposed family, and to re-establish the religion they professed, and Scotland was considered the chief seat of their strength. To effect this object a small army was raised in that country, and the Earl of Derwentwater, with a number of others, engaged in this desperate enterprise. The Earl of Mar was at the head of the insurgents in Scotland, but the division which penetrated? into England, was led by the Earls of Derwentwater, Winton, Nithsdale, and Carnforth; and John Foster, a gentleman of Northumberland, received from the Earl of Mar the command ef this forlorn hope, with the commission of Generul. At this critical jancture the corporation of Newcastle evinced their ] and attachment to the-house of Hanover, by embodying the miti- tia and train-bands, and placing the town in a posture of defence. At the same time the Earl of Scarborough, lord lieutenant of the county of Northumberland, entered this important fortress, ac- orm his friends and the neighbouring gentry, with their tenantry, all mounted and well armed. A body of 700 volunteers were raised for the immediate protection of the town, and the keelmen, who with the rest of the loyal inhabitants, had signed arm

"County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. xxziii

article of association for mutual defence, offered an additional

of 7Q0 men, to be ready at half an hour's notice. A battalion of foot, and part of a regiment of dragoons, who arrived during these military preparations, completed the garrison. The rebels arrived at Morpeth on the 10th of October, 1715, where they proclaimed the pretender as king of England. It appears to have in cone templation to surprise Newcastle, but, on receiving information of the strength of the garrison, and that the defences were such as left little prospect of success, the route of the insurgents was changed, and they proceeded to Hexham. Shortly afterwards ar- riving at Preston, in Lancashire, they were obliged to surrender to the king's forces. The principal leadera were beheaded on Tower-hill, on the 24th of February, 1716, except Foster, who made his escape to the continent. Of all the victims who perished in this rash enterprise, none fell more lamented than the young and generous Earl of Derwentwater.

The coronation of King George II. and Queen Caroline was celebrated at Newcastle on the 13th of October, 1727. The magis- tgates, accompanied by the common-council, clergy, and gentry, formed a procession from the Guildhall to 8t. Nicholas' church, aud from thence to the mayor's house, where a splendid entertainment was prepared. After dinner they repaired to the Market-place, where a fountain had been erected, whence issued '' generous wine," which was sent '' merrily round" whilst pledging the mem- bers of the royal family. The procession then returning to the

i , left a multitude of spectators to drain the conduit. Similar rejoicings took place in the town in the years 1747 and 1749, and on the coronations of the succeeding monarchs.

In 1733, four persons receivod sentence of death at the assizes at Newcastle; two of these were executed upon a gallows erected oa the town moor, where none had been executed for thirty years previously. Six years afterwards, two murderers were hung at the saine place, ons of whom (Michael Currey) was afterwards gibbeted

at Hartley.

An alarming riot commenced in this town on the 9th of June, 1740, in consequence of the high price of provisions. The militia were immediately assembled, and after the promise of a reduction in the price of food had been given, the rioters quietly dispersed : On the following day, Alderman Ridley announced, that the corn- factors had agreed to sell their grain at a certain reduced price; This information was received with general satisfaction. Some days afterwards, however, the cornfactors shut up their shops, and most of them absconded. In the meantime the distressed poor. assembled and plundered the granaries. A vessel loaded with rye was seized in the river, and the grain sold to the inhabitants at the stipulated price. On the 26th, the rioters again assembled on the Sandhill, opposite the Guildhall, where the mayor and a num- ber of others had met, to devise means for the relief of the suffer- ing inhabitants. The military had been imprudently disbanded on the previous day, and the mub began to exhibit riotous symptoms; having maltreated a gentleman who had been recommen mpderation to them, several shots were fired from the Guildh ebich killed one of the rioters, and wounded many others. Upon

is the rabble attacked the building, and having effected an en-

xxxiv Chronological History of the Town and

trance, committed the most disgraceful excesses; many of the gentlemen assembled were wounded, the town court and chamber were ransacked, and 8 number of the public writings and accounts destroyed, and a large sum of money, belonging to the corporation, being discovered, was immediately taken possession of and carried away. The rioters afterwards patrolled the streets, and finding the shops all shut, threatened to destroy the whole town. Fortu- nately this reign of terror proved of short duration, for, on the arrival of three companies of Howard's regiment from Alnwick, the same evening, the rioters were soon dispersed, and forty of them taken into custody. Six of these were, at the ensuing assizes, sentenced to transportation for seven years.© This affray is said to . have cost the corporation £4,000, and the Guild books, containing the entries from 1721 to 1738, were destroyed. In the early part of this year (1745), French privateers pursued the shipping be- long to this port close to Tynemouth bar, a war having been pre- viously proclaimed between the two nations. -

At the commencement of the rebellion in 1745, this town and neighbourhood exhibited 'the most unequivocal proofs of loyalty and attachment both to the government and the reformed religion. On the 19th of September, 813 persons signed an obligation either to appear in person, or provide a proper substitute, to act in concert with his Majesty's forces in defence of the town. On the following day the town's militia mounted guard; and on Sunday, the 224d, the alarming news of General Cope's defeat by the rebels threw the inhabitants into the utmost consternation, and many of the wealthy fled, with their most valuable effects, whilst others re- doubled their exertions for the defence of the place. On Wednes- day, the 25th, part of the Northumberland militia entered th town; and on the 12th of October, 600 Dutch soldiers, belonging to General de la Roque's army, arrived from Berwick, where they had been landed. In the meantime the town's walls were repaired, and 200 cannon planted on them. These formidable preparations no doubt induced the rebels to enter England by may of Carlisle. On Saturday, October 26th, Barrell's, Wolfe's, Flemings, and Munroe's regiments of infantry arrived at Newcastle from the south, and on the following Monday, Field-marshal Wade, com- meander-in-chief of the army intended for the north, entered the town; on the following day this force was augmented by the _ arrival of Pulteney's, Cholmondley's, and Blackeney's regiments of English foot, and of Holstein's, Gottorp's, Patot's, and three regiments of Hizzell's, all Dutch, under the command of Prince Maurice of Nassau. These were followed, on Thursday, by the grand train of artillery, escorted by Batteroy's regiment ; and on Friday, by the Royal Scots, commanded by General Sin- clair. The whole army then consisted of 15,000 effective men, in high spirits, and well equipped. On Saturday, General Wade marched with a view to relieve Carlisle, but learning that it had

* This merciful dispensation of justice was highly creditable to the humanity of the court, as although an objection might be raised to the right of the council to. fire on the rioters previous to an actual attack having been made on the Guildhall, yet there can be little question but that a portion at least of the prisoners had subsequently subjected themselves to the most severe penalty of the law.

County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. XXXV

ee fallen into the hands of the enemy, he returned to Newcastle, and thence proceeded southward to Ferrybridge, in pursuit of the rebels, then advancing to London. The Duke of Cumberland passed through Newcastle on the 27th of January, 1746, on his way to Scotland, where he shortly afterwards gained a decisive victory on the plains of Culloden. The Duke again honoured Newcastle with a visit, on his return, and was received with the honours due to his illustrious rank and eminent services.

On the 24th of July, 1750, several dwelling-houses and ware- houses were burnt down, between the Close and the river : a sub- scription, amounting to £806 was afterwards raised for the relief of the sufferers. In the course of this year, the keelmen made a stand, which continued for seven weeks; Richard Brown was exe- cuted on the Town-moor for the murder of his daughter ; and Henry Douglas, a surgeon on half-pay belonging to the navy, was killed in a scuffle with Edward Holliday, a seaman. On the 27th of September, the body of Ewan Macdonald, who had been executed for murder, was anatomized in the Surgeuns' Hall, in Newcastle. At the asaizes held here in 1753, Dorothy Catenby was executed for the murder of her illegitimate child.

On the 17th of February, 1753, after a rapid thaw, the river Tyne rose to a prodigious height, and the ships at the Quay were

driven from their moorings by the impetuosity of the current, and the violence of the wind. The poor of this town were much distressed during the severe winter of 1757 ; upwards of £900 was collected for their relief, of which £200 was given by the corpora- tion, and £100 by Sir Walter Blackett. On the 25th of April, in this year, the Common Council ordered that the Right Honourable William Pitt, and the Right Hon. H. B. Legge, should be pre- sented with the freedom of the Corporation in gold boxes, for their loyal, disinterested, and virtuous endeavours to promote the ser- vice of their king and country.

In consequence of a long continued storm of wind and rain, the river Tyne again overflowed its banks, on the 22d of December, 1763, when amongst other mischief, a quantity of timber was floated half way up the Broad chare; and a sloop, and several keels and boats were driven upon the uae Da. mage to the amount of £4000, or upwards, was sustained by this inundation.

On the 20th of September, 1759, as Mr. Cuthbert Lambert, the son of a physician, in Pilgrim-street, was riding along Sandy . fordstone-lane, Lis mare took fright, and galloping to the bridge, suddenly bounded over the battlement, and fell over a rocky preci- pice of about forty-five feet to the bed of the river; providentially the young gentleman escaped with his life, having kept his seat to the bottom, he sustained a violent shock, from the effects of which, he, however, recovered in a Littletime. The mare died almost im. mediately, and on examining the spine of her back, it was dis- covered that all the joints had been dislocated. The place has ever since been called "'LamBert's Leap ;"' and the precise spot is denoted by an inscription on the coping stone of the battlement to commemorate this remarkable escape.

His majesty George III. was proclaimed at Newcastle, on the first of November, 1760, amidst the joyful acclamations of some

xxxvi Chronological History of the Town and

'thousands of spectators. Tin 1761,'no less than two hundred and sixty salmon were taken in the Tyne, near Newburn, at one draught. Prince Joseph Absissy, who was banishéd'from Pales- tine, by the arbitrary power of the Grand Seignior, visited this town, in December, 1765, and was very hospitably entertained by the Corporation, who, on his departure presented him with a handsome douceur. A ship of a very ancient construction was dis- covered and weighed up near Newcastle, on the llth of August, 1770, it was supposed to have belonged to the Spanish armada. The partisans of Mr. Wilkes, assembled at various Inns, in Newcastle, on the 18th of April, 1770, to celebrate his liberation from confinement, when a subscription was opened for his sup- port, he being then considered a zealous guardian of the diberty of the subject. In 1771, the keelmen of-the rivér Tyne, after a stand of several weeks, returned to their employnient on the 6th of July.

aie two o'clock on the morning of Sunday, 'the 17th of November, 1771, the inhabitants of Newcastle were alarmed the dreadful roarings of the agitated waters of the Tyne, whi had risen upwards of twelve feet above the usual height of spring tides. In this unprecendented inundation, it was with much difficulty that the inhabitants in the lower parts of the town saved their lives, all their cellars, warehouses, and lower apartments being' suddenly filled. The middle arch of the bridge, with two others on thé Gates- head side, were carried away, and seven houses and shops which 'stood thereon, together with some of the inmates were overwhelmed in immediate destruction. The whole line of buildings, which ex- tended from the blue-stone on the bridge to Gateshead, were swept away by the raging torrent. Mr. Fiddas who lived on the north end of the bridge, with his wife and maid-servant, having made their escape to Gateshead, the girl, recollecting a bundle which she had left in the house, begged her master to return with her for it, to which he reluctantly and unfortunately consented ; they had not proceeded many paces, before the arch over which they were pass- ing gave way, and they vanished for ever from the view of the distressed wife, who waited their return at the bridge end. "Mr. Peter Weatherly, a shoe maker, who, with his family, lived on the bridge, at the time when the arches fell, very narrowly eseaped destruction, being awoke by the noise.of the water, and the falling of the arch immediately adjoining his house, he instantly roused his family, and opened the door, when he beheld the destructive torrent rolling close beneath him. He then with difficulty assisted his family to quit the house, whilst the pavement crumbled beneath them at every step: unfortunately the arches on both sides had been carried away, so that they were unable to effect their retreat, .either to the south or north side of the river. In this appalling situation they remained from four till ten o'clock in the morning, 'perishing with cold, and affording a spectacle of the most heart rending description to numbers on each side of the river, who watched their fate with unceasing anxiety. The station of these forlorn beings was upon a surface, about six feet square, and this as well as the other parts of the arch which supported them, ap- peared dreadfully rent, and threatened every moment to ingulph them in the flood; happily they were at length rescued from their

,

County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. xuxvii

perilous situation by a bricklayer,® who boldly ventured along the sides of a range of shope, and being "trom per to plese bake

ber which were laid for the purpose from pier to pier, he broke large holes through the walls, as he proceeded, until he reached the unfortanate family, and by these openings conducted them im a state of extreme exhaustion safe to Gateshead. This was the most destructive inundation that ever visited the banks of the Tyne. A great quantity of tar, timber, deals, and other valuable pro

was ewept from the Quay, at Newcastle, upon which three

and a brig were left when the floed subsided. Between seven and eight o'elock in the morning the water had attained its greatest height ; from eight to nine it fell five inches; from nine to ten, sixteen inches ; from ten to eleven, twenty-five inches ; from eleven te twelve, thirty-two inches ; from twelve to one, four feet; from one to two, five feet four inches; and had sunk below the level of the Quay at four o'clock on the same afternoon.

All the bridges on the Tyne, except that at Corbridge, were carried away by this flood, by which many lives were lost, together with a great quantity of horses, black cattle, and sheep. A man at the West Boat, near Hexham, saved himself and family, by breaking through the thatch of his house. Several horses were with mueh difficulty removed into the Black Church, at Bywell, where they saved themselves by holding with their teeth by the tops of the pews, and one of them was discovered upon the altar table. Part of the White Church yard, was washed away, and six persons were drowned in the village. The family at Ovingham boat-house climbed for security to the top of the stable, and were catried with the thatch near three hundred yards, to a wood, where seven of them were drowned. At the Team, near Swalwel), a number of persons were saved by boats, being taken from .the tops of their houses. Several ships were driven from their moorings, at Shields, upon the Herd Sands, some of which were lost; a boy continued upon the mainmast-head of one of the wrecks from Sanday merning until the following day. A cradle was taken up at sea, near Tynemouth, with a child in it, which was alive and

A woman with a child in her arms was found drowned at Jarrow Slake. One of the houses, which stood on the bridge, was carried as far as Jarrow Slake, about eight miles down the river, and theugh it was still whole, nothing was found in it ex- cept a dog and eat, which had survived the violence of the storm. Several of the coal mines were filled with water, and the quantity estimated to have rushed into that at Wylam, was no less than 1,728,000 hogsheads. The benevolence exhibited on this melan- choty ovoasion to the poor sufferers, by their richer and more for- tanate neighbours, was truly gratifying, and reflected much honour upon the inkabitets, " who with an haste almost equal to the rapidity of thé inundation," collected and distributed a large sum of money for the relief of the distressed families. +

': On the 17th of January, 1772, workmen were employed to clear: away the rubbish of the old bridge, when on separating two stones,

® Mr. George Woodward. + For an account of the floods in the rivers Wear and Tees, see Sunderland and Stockton in this Votumé. (4)

Xxxviii Chronological History of the Town and

a parchment was found, which appeared very fresh ; but, on being

to the air, mouldered away, ieee the characters upon. it could be decyphered. Several coins and medals of Trajan, Adrian, and other Roman emperors, were found in the ruins of the piers. The present bridge over the Tyne from Newcastle to Gateshead was completed in 1781, at the expense of £60,000 ; it is. an elegant stone edifice, consisting of nine elliptic arches. The. first stone of the bishop of Durham's part of the bridge was laid on the 14th of October, 1774, and the corporation of Newcastle laid the foundation stone of their portion on the 25th of April, in the. following year. A line of stones® is laid across the bridge, to show the boundary of the two counties; immediately under this. line, .in the S.E. corner of one of the piers, a copper medal, with a suitable device and inscription, and enclosed in a thick glasa case, was deposited, to commemorate the building of the bridge, and the. importance of the town at that period.

. A heavy fall of snow commenced at Newcastle on the evening df the 16th of January 1776, and continued almost without intermis- sion during that night, and the following day ; the frost was so un- commonly intense, that six men and women perished in the vicinity of the town, and the river from Newburn to about two miles below the bridge. was thickly frozen. A subscription amounting to £1,784 15s. was raised in May, 1778, for the defence of the town and port; of which sum £1000 was given by the corporation, who also offered an additional bounty of two guineas to every able sea- man who would enter into his Majesty's service on board the vessel appointed to protect the commerce of the Tyne.

The East York and South Lincoln militia lay in camp, at. Ayton Banks, on Gateshead Fell, in the year 1781, from the 16th of June to the 29th of October; and the former regiment, ac- companied by the North York, commanded by Sir Ralph Milbank, encamped there again in the year following, from the 25th of June _ to the 11th of November.

On the 19th of September, 1786, M. Lunardi proposed to ascend in his balloon, from Newcastle. During the inflation, the eronaut drew a plug in order to ascertain the force of effervescence produced by the addition of some acid, when the noise caused by the escape of the gas so alarmed the assistants who held the balloon, that with one exception, they relinquished their hold of the ropes. Mr. Ralph Heron, who unfortunately coiled a rope round his arm, was instantly carried up with the balloon to a great height, when his weight having turned the buoyant vehicle, the rope tore off the top of the netting, and this ill-fated young gentlemen fell into a garden, amidst the loudly expressed sorrow of many thousands of agonized spectators, and received so much injury by the fall, that he expired in a few hours afterwards.

The town and neighbourhood of Newcastle were visited by a most tremendous storm of thunder, lightning, and rain, on the 1Jth of July, 1792, accompanied by showers of hailstones, some of which measured three and a inches in circumference. Many of the streets were overflowed, and much damage done in

® This boundary line of the two counties is distinguished b a blue stone, which crosses the foot-path 'on the east side of the bridge. :

County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. xxuxix

27th of the following month, after an SETAE ETAT 'the water ran 7 il the streets in deep and rapid torrents; at Stockbridge, the current being more than the arch could admit, swept down the battlements, and inundated many of the houses in Pandon and oh bas Nook. The water also flowed into the houses and shops at the foot of Bottle Bank and a ng td where a number of people attended to carry others on their s through the stream. In the morning of the 25th of June, 1794, a dread- fal storm suddenly commenced at Newcastle, the wind which in- creased to a hurricane, was ed by lightning, when the vanes of St. Nicholas and Gates churches were destroyed ; se- veral keels were lost in the river, and five ships were driven from their moorings at North Shields into Jarrow Slake.

The commencement of hostilities connected with the French revolutionary war operated unfavourably upon public credit, and 'oocasioned an alarming run upon the provincial banks, during 'which the banks in Newcastle were under the disagreeable neces- 'sity of suspending payments" in specie; and on Tuesday, April 9, 1793, a meeting was convened in the Guildhall, to determine on the best means of restoring public credit : a committee was immediately appointed to investigate the affairs of the banking houses of Ridley, Cookson, & Co.; Surtees, Burdon, & Co.; Baker, Hedley, & Co., and Lambton, & Co., whose total issue at that time was found not to amount to more than £230,000. After this information had been communicated te the inhabitanta, a number of patriotic gen- tlemen engaged to advance, if required, a sum of money, the total of which amounted to £498,600: this guarantee had the desired effect, and the banks recommenced business, as usual, with the exception of the Commercial Bank, the proprietors of which deter- mined not to resume.

- In the month of February, thie year, the seamen associated for mutual defence against an Impressment which appeared in- evitable; and a subscription was opened to encourage them to enter his majesty's navy, from which fund 320 able-bodied volunteers received each one guinea, and 77 ordinary seamen half a guinea each ; the corporation continued to offer premiums for volunteers, but not with sufficient success to avert impressment, which com- menced at Shields on the 15th of February, from which period the shores of the Tyne became a scene of riot and of many desperate conflicts.¢ A public meeting was held at the Guildhall on the 17th of June, 1793, when a subscription was opened in aid of the funds for the internal defence of the kingdom ; the sum of £99% was £00n contributed, which, added to the Northumberland sub- scriptions, swelled the total to £8,300. On the 4th of October,

* A similar etoppage of the banks aleo occurred in 1797.

: + A maval militia, under certain regulations, has been recommended as the means of abolishing Impresxment so long the aversion of seamen; and it has also been suggested that the periodical payment of a very small sum by the owners and seamen jointly, to be levied at all periods, both of peace and war, (the government bounty being added) would probably accumulate a fund of sufficient magnitude, by the application of which in bounties as much above, as they are usually below the standard, this desideratum might be md) 2

xi Chronological History of the Town and |

the ship ewners and underwriters resolved to memorialize govern- waent respecting the very defective protection granted to the trade in the North Sea. And in the following year, 1795, military en- campments were formed on the coasts of Darham and Northumber- land, at the following places, via - Hendon, Whitburn, Whitley, Hartley, and Cowpen.

The Newcastle volunteers, commanded by Colonel Blakeney, were embodied, and received their standards from the mayoress, on the 25th of August, 1796, and, on the following morning, they were inspected by his Royal Highness the late Duke of York, who, on Thursday, proceeded to review the troops then encamped between the rivers Tyne and Blyth; om his return he partook of an enter- taimment at the Mansion-~-House; and on the following day visited the camps between the Tyne and Wear. During his stay at New- cestie he was preseated with the freedom of the corporation.

A great number of the workmen in the neighbourhood, being excited by the high price of provisions, assembled in the sev markets in Newcastle, on the 10th of November, 1795, and in the presence of the town's officers sold out all the wheat, exposed for sale, at 12s. per boll, (the usual price in former years) ; and the butter at 8d. per pound ; and after obtaining a knowledge of the forestallers of potatoes, they seized and sold that necessary. of life at 5s.a load. No other violeace was committed, except enforcing this illegal amd temporary regulation of the market.

The Duke of Bourbon, son of the Prince of Conde, passed through Newcastle on the 12th of April, 1796, on his route from Edinburgh to London ; and on the 30th of May, in the same year, Prince Charles of Gloucester arrived here, to assume the command ef the troops in the northern district.

On the Sth of October, 1796, three transports arvived at Shields, from Guernsey and Jersey, with 295 emigrant c > and 10 women on board, whe were received with @ kindness and hospitality, honourable to the English character.

On the 28th of February, 1797, the corporation subseribed £560 annually towards defraying the expenses of the war, and re- solved, very creditably, that all their usual public feasts, together with the establishment at the Mansion-House, should be discon- tinued after the following Michaelmas-Day, until the state of public affairs should assume a more cheering aspect.

_, The numerous troops which the French Executive Direetory had at this time assembled on the opposite coasts, called the Army of England, under the command of Bonaparte, excited serious ap- prebensions of an invasion, and roused the martial spirit aad patriotic ardour of the people, who eagerly took arms in defence of the coumtry, and Newcastle early displayed its patriotien, a meeting being held at the Guildhall, on the 3d of May, which had for its object the formation of an armed association, mtended for the defence of this town, and, on the 3lst of July, eight com- panies, of which this corps consisted, were drawn out en the Towns moor, commanded by Colonel Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart., whose Lady, on that occasion, presented the regiment with an elegant pair of colours; and on the 3d of January, 1799, a troop of cavalry, under the command of Captain Burdon, received a standard. Ge. neral Sir Ralph Abercrombie and his staff landed at Shields in

County & Newcastle-apon-T yne. xii

November, 1799; and afew dayn after, seven transports, through niresg A weather, put into this siaer, having on board 1600 Rus- vane and Crvaacks, bound for Guernwy: the singularity of their uniforms and manners excited much c ty and surprise amongrt oa paeriipaor' The Coont D' Artois and his aiite pamed through Newcastle on the 6th of A , on their way from Edin

: august y burgh w

The cxnbined effects of the war and a bad harvest, in 1799. produced mucha dearth, that wheat was sold in Newcastle at the rate of one guinea per Winchester bushel. At this period of dis- trem a public meeting was convened, for the purpose of raising a mb- meription for the relief of the poor, who were supplied with whele- wae wep during the winter, fromm public kitchens, established and mipported by charitable funds. At this period of mffering, the poor inhabitants looked with an evil eye upon all corn merchants and dealers in provisions ; and on the 18th of August, 1800, a cweding was held to devise means for bringing to seitdkeae ai fores and regraters !

At the commencement of the year 1800 no les than sizty- nine, out of seventy-~one veesels, laden with coals, from Shields and Sunderland, were unhappily wrecked on their passage w London.

Great rejoicings took place in Newcastle on the 4th of May, 12, when peace wes ett wen which being violated in the fol- lowing year, the Armed Assciation was again assembled, and upwards of 12%) men were embodied ; and the ranks of the New- castle and Gateshead volunteers, including a rife company, were again filled. On the lat of February, 1604, « great b and con- fusion prevailed in this town, occasioned by the rumour of actual invasion, which pervaded the counties of Durham and Northumber- land: the drums beat to arms, and both horse and foot were in- tantly in motion, but on the following day it. was discovered that the of Bo had originated in mistaking the burning of whim on Lammerwave bills, for the lighting of the established beacons! A waggon train, consisting of upwards of 160 conveyances, was col. lected on the Town-roor, on the 3lst of August, which, with the exception of abit br waggon train, wea the only regular estab- lishment of the kind in England.

On the 2ist of November, 1805, a month after the grand naval victory obtained by the lamented Lord Nelson at Trafalgar, the corporation of Newcastle, voted a piece of plate of the value of 15) guiness, to their townsman Vice-admiral Co ood, and resolved, instead of an ilmmination, to subscribe 100 guineas in aid of the patriotic fund at Lioyd's.

Prince Frederick Augustus, and Prince Paul George, of Hol- stein Oldenburgh, attended by Count Holmer and Baron Malt- Fiver Morano Newcastle on the )th of September, 1806.

his town and neighbourhood were visited on the 8th of August, 1808, by one of the most awful thunder storms ever re- mnemnbered, and another storm was experienced on the 3d of August, 1800; on the 12th of the same month, after long and heavy showers of rain, every brook and rivulet was swelled to an alarming height, and many of the lower rooms of the houses at Stockbridge were imundated to the depth of three feet. A boy,

(d) 3

xii Chronological Histery ef the Town and

named George Innis, was swept away by the current near the mus. tard mill in Pandon Dean, whenee he was carried threngh an in. closed conduit 300 yards in length, and precipitated to a depth of 16 feet, he was then, however, observed rescued. On the same day, &® man and four horses were ki by lightning, in the Cowgate.

The Jubilee, which was held on the occasion of his Majesty King George III. entering imto the 60th year of his reign, was celebrated in Newcastle with public rejoicings and acts ef benevo- lence. In leu of an illumination, the sum of £600 was subscribed, for the purpose of founding a public scheol for the gratuitous education of the children of the peor. By another subscription, amounting to £186 17s. 6d., ten debtors were liberated from pri- son: Upwards of 500 peor persons partook of a good dinner in the workhouse of St. Nicholas' parish, and the inmates of the Freemen's Hospital had their hearts ' made glad' on the green in front of that establishment ; and much prevision was distributed to the poor in different parts of the town and neighbourhood.

On the 15th of January, 1814, the river Tyne was so firmly frozen over that fires were kindled, and booths erected nits and, from the crowds of people attracted for several argos the appearance of a country fair or race course.

On the 10th of May, 1814, an illumination and other rejoic- ings took place here, when the fall of Napoleon and the peace of Europe were announced : The Shot-tewer, at Low Elswick, being" lighted with variegated lamps, exhibited a brilliant appearance. On the 16th of December, a violent hurricane did much damage to the churches and to several dwetling-houses, the river Tyne was s0 much agitated that the vessels at the Quay were obliged to strike their top-gallant masts, and in performing this duty, a sailor was precipitated from the mast of one of the vesvels, and kitled by falling upon the deck.

Count Lynch, Mayor of Bourdeaux, arrived at Newcastle, Jane 27, 1815, on his way to visit his relation John Claverimg, Enq. of Callaley ; he was the first who hoisted the white flag in France, and surrendered Bourdeaux to 'the British arms on behalf of Louis XVIII. On the lst of Septentber following My. Sadler,* the aeronaut, ascended from the Bowling-Green, now .Prudhos:strest, and in twenty-one minutes @escended at Whitley Park within, 200 yards of the sea, being a distance of not leas than #1 miles.

The sudden reduction of the navy in September, 1815, at a time when ships frem the fisheries and others were retaruing to lay up for the winter, threw & great number of seamen eet of employ, who after remaining for some time without the means of ebtaini support, formed a combination, and insisted that each ship should have a complement of five meh and a bey for every 00 tens ragis- ter admeasurement : in order to inferce this demand, they laid an embargo on all vessels in the river Tyne, and held ocensional meet- ings on Onllercoats Sands, st one of which it was that not less than 700@ sailors were present. Though eae order and discipline 'were observed, these:assembhiea, from their

* This intrepid neronaut 'was: unfortunately kidled in his thirty fi tat desostt , at Foxitil] Bask, in Lancashire, dn the 28th of September, 182d.

County of Newoastle-upon-Tyne. xiii

mumerival strength, created considerable alarm, and, on the 24h of Gcteber, the naval and military disposable force of the neigh- bourhkood were called to the aid of the civil power, in order to solve this dangerous combination, which was fortunately effected without lees of lives.

Their Imperial Highnesses the Archdukes John and Lewis of Austria, with their suite, arrived at Newcastle on the 9th of December, 1815, and after visiting the principal coal, iron, glasa, and lead works in the neighbourhood, proceeded om their route to the south ; five days afterwards the Grand Duke Nicholas of Ras. sia, (the present Autocrat and Emperor of all the Russias) honoured the town with a visit, as also did the Grand Duke Michael, his brother, who arrived here on the Ist of August, 1817. The ee Maximilian of Russia was likewise here in the same month.

The river Tyne again overflowed, (December 30, 1815), and ctiasdseubistanisacs wes done in the lower parts of the town; the Clese and the Quay were completely inundated, and timber to the valne of £20,000 was carried viet ot Elan impetuesity of the eur- rent, and much injury was sustained by the pe:

The new eilver coinage was issued at Newcastle, from the Mint-office in the Close, on the 8d of February, 1817. On the 36th of the preceding month, eighteen ns, belonging to the artil. lery, passed through the town to d, under a military escort, with twenty-four tons of the new circulating medium. On the itth of October a numerous party of gentlemen connected with the coal trade dined at the Queen's Head Inn, where they presented 3 superb service ef plate to Sir Hum Davy, for his invalusble discovery of the Safety Lamp.® At the assizes held this year in Mewoastle, M. Cotter, a French judge attended, for the purpose of observing and reporting te his government the British mode of admimistring jastice.

Prince and salte visited this town om the 14th of August, 1818, on his way to Alnwick Castle.

'We now approach a period of political agitation in the history of Newastle, and the country generally. Peace, for a. time at least, diminished rather than increased the national prosperity ; all Burope bemg left by the vast efforts of the war in a sate of ex- haustion. Both the foreign and home markets became languid ; prices and wages were reduced, and the working classes of the com- munity were involved in deep distress: these evils gave rise to numerous political meetings and associations, and were imputed to a defective state of the national representation ; consequently the demands for a reform in the constitution of the Commons House of Parliament beeame very loud and general ape the arpa classes, who, with much importanity, urged the adoption of an

and universal suffrage. The first meeting assembled in Newcastle, under the influence of these doctrines, was held on the Parade 'Ground, in Percy-street, on the 11th of October, 1819, in

: -@ Mr, George Stephenson, who also invented a Sufety Lamp, had 8 pleas of plate:presemted to'him .at the Assenibly-Roems, om the 1th of January, 1@18. which, added to a former donation from the coal-trade, amounted in value to nearly £1000. yee afi

xliv Chronological History of the Town and

pursuance of a requisition signed by about 300 of the inhabitants, and notices issued by '' the United Committees of Political Pro- testants" in Newcastle and Gateshead. It has been computed that upwards of 80,000 persons were assembled on this occasion, who, after voting a series of resolutions, recommending reform, and con~- demning the '' outrage at Manchester" on the 16th of August, separated in good order. At another meeting, held in January, 1820, a petition, praying for '' a moderate and constitutional re- form in the representation of the people," received 3016 signatures. And in the beginning of July, an address was sent by the Reform- ers to the Queen, signed by about 6000 of the inhabitants of New- castle and the vicinity. Though all the meetings at Newcastle during this period of agitation were peaceably conducted, yet the higher classes appear to have been not wholly without apprehen- sions ; a communication,® directed to Lord Viscount Sidmouth, dated ' Newcastle, October 17,"' states that '' it is impossible to contemplate the meeting of the llth instant without awe, more especially if my information is correct, that 700 of them were pre- pared with arms (concealed) to resist the civil power. These men came from a village about t miles from this town ; and there is strong reason to suspect that arms are manufactured there : they are chiefly forgemen."" The moderation and forbearance of the magistracy of Newcastle had however the happy effect of preserv- ing uninterrupted tranquillity in the town and neighbourhood.

On the 14th of October, tn this year, the mayor, and a body of peace officers proceeded down the river, for the purpose of open- ing its navigation, which had been for some time interrupted by the riotous conduct of the keelmen. On their arrival at North Shields a serious disturbance took place; the mayor having retired for re- freshment to one of the inns, the mobon the New Quay commenced an attack upon the peace officers in the Speedwell steam packet, by, throwing stones at them; the marines in his Majesty's boats imme. diately fired and killed one of the assailants, which so infuriated the rest that they besieged the Inn, threatening vengeance against the mayor, who, with the high constable, had, however, the good fortune to escape.

In December, 1819, the Northumberland and Newcastle volun- teer corps of cavalry was formed, and placed under the command of Charles John Brandling, Evq. of Gosforth House; and a troop of dismounted yeomanry, to act in conjunction with the cavalry, was also raised ; this troop was placed under the command of the mayor for the current year, (Archibald Reed, Esq.) who received the rank of captain.

_ The accession of his majesty George IV. to the throne of Great Britain was proclaimed in this town on the 3rd of February, 1820. The procession consisted of the members of the corporation, ac- companied by General Sir Andrew Bernard, with his staff, and two troops of the 6th Dragoon Guards, with their regimental band.

The funeral of his late majesty King George III. was ob- served here with suitable demonstrations of feeling and respect. On the 19th of July, 1821, the town was thronged with a vast in- flux of strangers, who had assembled to witness the brilliant illumi.

* From the Mayor.

"_m~

County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. xly

wetions, and partake in the rejoicings, which occurred at the coro- Nation of our present most gracious Sovereign. Newcastle and Gateshead were again illuminated on the 20th of November, 1820 in testimony of the joy occasioned by the abandonmentof the Bin of Pains and Penalties against her late majesty Queen Caroline.

Tn the year 1821, when the third parliamentary decennial re- turn of population was made, Newcastle and its suburbs were found to have increased in their total number of inhabitants, d the past ten years, ne less than 12,430. The f a sashes the returns of the number of inhabitants in 1801, 1811, and 1821, im each of the four parishes comprised in the town and county of Newcastle; including aleo their out-townships, and the parish of Gateshead, all of may be eonsidered as suburbs of the town. The Jast column shows the estimated annual value of the lands, buildings, &c. in each township in 1815;

TOWN AND COUNTY POPULATION. ted An- OF

TtAll Saints, } Parish,

Byker, Township, Heatoa Township, $St. Andrews, Parish, Cramlmgton, \ Chapelry, Fenham, Township, Jesmond, Township, 7 St. John's Parish, Benwell, Township, Wewick, Township, Westgate, Townahip, St. Nicholas, Parish, Gateshead, Parish, Total, ----eeceeee veee 6,830] 12,770) 55,274 1143,154

In 1377, the population of Newcastle was estimated at no more than 3,970 souls, of whom 2,647 were lay-persons above the age of fourteen. These calculations are drawn from the accounts of the capitation tax, granted by parliament to Richard II. for the payment of fourpence from every lay person, of either sex, above fourteen years of age.

¢ The Townships of Byker and Heston, although in the parish of All Saints, are not within the limits of the County of the Town of Newcastle, but are com- prehended in the East Division of Castle Ward, in the county of Northumberland.

§ Cramlington and Jesmond are in the East, and Fenham in the West Division of Castle Ward, Northumberland. gs

{ Benwell, Elswick, and Westgate arealso within the jurisdiction of Nosth- umberland, and in the West Division of Castle Ward.

an aaa wal

® Cramlington, though in the Parish of St. Andrew's, is nota suburb of the Town, therefore its incremse, since 3901, is not included In the above calculation.

xlvi Chronological History of the Town and

The population of this town and Gateshead has considerably increased since the census of 1821, as the following epitome of the dills of mortality will serve to show : |

NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD BILLS OF MORTALITY,

FROM THE YEARS 1904 To 1826, BOTH INCLUSIVS.

Years. pens Burials. |Marriages|| Years. me Burials. Marriages.

, 1804 - 1172 1000 475 1816 1324 925 1805 1153 1282 473 1817 1494 953 1806 1150 1050 480 1818 1491 1292 1807 1178 1148 413 1819 1541 1378 1808 | 1235 958 455 1820 1604 1210 1809 1189 977 418 1821 1568 1340 1810 1216 | 1019 395 1823 1837 1201 1811 1254 1002 456 1823 1388 1009 1812 | ~1190 1179 428 1924 1919 1788 1813 | 1268 984 395 1825 1777 1472 1814 1270 994 480 1826 1951 1803 1818 1453 997 517

The above Returns are exclusive of the Baptisms and Burials at the Catholic and Protestant Dissenters' Chapels; but, as these congregations mostly use the Ballast Hills ground, for burials, (the interments at which we have included in this statement,) conse- quently the Baptisms at their.Meeting Houses are proportionably more numerous than the funerals.

Fewer persons die in Newcastle than the general average. The climate being wholesome, the inhabitants are healthy and robust. It is calculated that a generation of men passes away in thirty years; but in Newcastle the number of deaths yearly is only one in forty, as appears from a comparison of the bills of mortality with the population returns. The number of marriages yearly are as one in a hundred, and the number of baptisms as one in thirty. This town has been remarkable for longevity; and the following are the names and ages of a few of its venerable inhabi- tants, including some who lived in the parish of Gateshead : -

Aged, Died in Aged, Died tn Isabel Darling, ---. 111 years, 1757. | John Wilson, -----. 105 years, 1783. Ralph Hart, --.... 116 3764 | Hannah Richardson, 102 1786. John Richardson, .- 101 1766, | Elizabeth Cowey, -. 102 1787. Jane Wilson, ..... « 101 1767. | Ann Clark, ..--.... 101 1791. Ciclly Fenwick, -... 113 1768. | Margaret Pearson,:. 104 1703. William Wood, -... 113 1769. | Margaret Robson,-- 103 1800.

His Brother, -.. .. 110 1760. | Ann Parkin, ---... 104 1804. | Mr. Westgarth, -»»- 100 1769. | Mrs. Kidd, -.--.... 103 1805. Ann Forster, «-+0.. 133 1777. | Anm Maddison, ..-» 103 1806. Mrs. Waters, ..... » 103. . 1777. | Elisabeth Bickett,.. 1 1807. Cuthbert Foster,..-- 101 1776. | Ann Agnus, --.-.--- 101 1908. th Roy, --:. 100 1774 | Mrs. Graham, ...... 104 1806. John Manners, cece 107 1762. Dorothy Turnbull, 107 1808. Mary Tate. ..-...0. 116 1783. | Mary Huntley, ---- 102 1909,

a County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. xvii ee ee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ee Aged, Died ta Aged, Died ian Mary Walker, ---... 102 years, 1810. | Ann Tindall, ----+- 100 years, 1817- Thomas Rubinson, 111 1810. | Sarah Foster, ...... 1 1817 Richard Bently,---. 101 1811. | Ann Moulter, ...-.. 102 1817. Sarah Gibson,.....- 102 1811. | Ann Hamilton, ---» 100 1818, Margaret Clark, 105 1812. | Margaret Purvis, 100 1819. Isabella Sharpe 114 1812. | John Anderson, 103 1819. William Gantney, 108 1813. | Elizabeth Dryden, 107 1891 Mary Taylor, ...... 103 1814 | Barbara Humble, 101 1831. Ann Carpenter, 110 1816, | Mary Robinson, 105 1833, Ann Corby, --++.... 105 1814. | Jane Downle,.-..-- 100 1822. Jane Jowsey, --.-.- 104 1816. | Thomas Gustard, 103 1826.

On the 13th of May, 1822, the excise officers of Newcastle re- ceived information that an illicit distillery existed in the waste of an old coal mine, in a field near Fenham Hall, adjoining the Town Moor. When explored, the mine appeared to be very ancient, and thickly surrounded by furze and underwood. At the bottom of the shaft, which was gained by a gradual descent of many yards, wasa smal! aperture, which could not be entered in an erect posture; this led to a large apartment in the mine, wherein were found two stills, with about two hundred gallons of wash, and a complete distilling apparatus, worth about fifty pounds. A long brick chimney con-' veyed the smoke into the old workings, whence there was a com- munication with the neighbouring pits; the coal remaining in the mine supplied the necessary fuel, and water was found upon the spot; so that it was scarcely possible to have adopted a situation affording more facilities and secrecy. The discovery was made by a confederate, and the place is now called '* Smugglers' Hole."*

In 1822, the keelmen of the Tyne suspended their labours for -ten weeks, in the expectation of obtaining an increase in their wages. During this cessation, viz. on the 24th of October, a number of seamen proceeded to force the crews from some veasels then receiving their cargoes at the spouts, with an intention of making a general stand, but the mayor immediately proceeded down the river in his barge, with a party of volunteers and police officers, and took voarhe bal of the rioters into custody, who, after . being guarded all night in a king's cutter, were next day brought prisoners to Newcastle. A mob of the enraged sailors followed their captured companions to the Castle garth, where their conduct be- came so turbulent, that it was found necessary to read the riot act, and disperse them by force; thus the seamen's intended strike was crushed in the bud, and in the beginning of December the keel- men resumed their labours.

The communication between Newcastle and Edinburgh was completely intercepted for a whole week, by a heavy fall of snow, in January, 1823; the storm continued for nearly six weeks, and in one place at Gateshead Fell the snow was level with the roof of a two story house, and the turnpike-road west of the town was covered in man from twelve to fourteen feet deep.

A melan accident occurred at the Newcastle Theatre on the evening of February 19th, 1823. During the performance, a person unfortunately set fire to some gas, which had escaped from a pipe in the lower tier of boxes, and the flames and smoke

* Now the property of Mr. Richard Wardle.

xii Chronological History of the Town and

etrating through some crevices into the gallery, threw that por- clan of the nidiencs intoa state of dreadful confusion. The alarm of fire having been given, an irresistible rush was made to the stairs, where seven persons were either suffocated or trampled to death, and a number more were bruised and injured. The ity, in all probability, would have been still more deplorable, had not the manager exerted himself in a most praiseworthy manner to dis- sipate the groundless apprehensions of danger.

- In July, 1823, the cordwainers of Newcastle, for the first time since 1789, celebrated the festival of their patron St: Crispin, in the court of the Freemen's Hospital, in Westgate, and afterwards marched in procession through the principal streets of the town. A novel and amusing spectacle was exhibited on the 12th of Sep- tember, in this year, by the workmen employed at the several glass houses on the Tyne and Wear, who, on this occasion, displayed a processsion remarkable for brilliance and splendour, being accom. panied by music, and ornamented with flags, proceeded through the streets of Newcastle and Gateshead: each individual was deco- rated with glass ornaments, such as glass feathers in their hats, glass stars on the breast, with chains and collars of variegated 'glass around the neck, some also wore glass hats and swords, and bore some specimen of the art remarkable for singularity of construction, or for beauty and elegance. The day proved auspicious, and the rays of the sun falling upon the glittering column, produced a richness and grandeur of appearance that baffles description. A salute was fired several times from a fort mounted with glass cannon, and the movements of the procession were regulated by the sound of a glass bugle. Some of ay finest efforts of which this manufacture is susceptible were then exhibited, and the anticipations of admiring crowds fully realized.

Having given a brief, but we hope comprehensive, chronological detail of all that is interesting in the gener h aca of this important town, our next care will be to present separate historical descriptions of the ancient and modern erections, establishments, and institutions ; the present state and appearance of the town; the eminent and illustrious persons who have flourished here; with details relative to the trade, commerce, and manufactures; an account of the river ae combined with a variety of other interesting subjects, to which we hasten to introduce the reader.

CHAPTER II.

ANCIENT FORTIFICATIONS, &c.

The Town's Walls - The Twenty-four Wards - The Castle Towers and Gates. The Fosse - The Artillery, Cavalry, and Infantry Barracks.

As has already been seen, the town was for several centuries confined between the Tyne and the Town's Walls. From the 1087, when the town was first surrounded with fortifications, New- castle was, from its strength and situation, considered as an almost impregnable fortress ; the wide ditches, with the frowning walls and embattled towers, overlooking the adjacent country, presented a formidable aspect, exciting ideas of hostility and danger. These formidable bulwarks, which so long displayed the menacing appa- ratas of war, were erected by William Rufus, as Harding, in his Chronicle, informs us that -

'* He builded the Newcastell-upon-Tyne

The Scottes to gaynstande, and to defende

Aad dwell therein, the people to inclyne

The town to builde and walle as did append

He gave them ground and gold ful great to spend, To buylde it well and walle it all aboute,

And fraunchised theim to pay a free rent out."

The walls were twelve feet high, and eight feet in thickness, the gates were all embattled, and the intervening lines, commanded by strong towers between each of which, as Bourne says, - '¢ there were, for the most part, two watch towers, made square, with effigies of men cut in stone aa the top of them, as though they were watching." Their whole circuit comprehended a space équal to 3759 yards, and one foot, or two miles, 239 yards, one foot. After the completion of the walls, the town was divided into twenty- four wards, according with the number of gates and towers; these were, in times of hostility defended by the particular wards appro- priated to them, of which the following is an enumeration : -

THE TWENTY-FOUR WaRDS:

Close Gate, Durham Tower, Pilgrim street Gate, White Friar Tower, Herber Tower, Carliol Tower, Penton,or Nevill Tower,} Mordon Tower, Ptummer Tower, 'West Spital Tower, Ever Tower, Austin Tower, Stank Tower, Andrew Tower, Corner Tower,

: Gunner Tower, New Gete, Pandon Gate,

-Pmk Tower, Mombowcher Tower, Walhknoli Tower, West Gate, Fickett Tower, Habkyn Tower.

The walls, as we have previously noticed, have undergone fre- uent repairs ; and in 1327, Edward III. granted the ' custom of things sold" in the town for seven years, to contribute towards their

(e)

] The Walls - The New Castle.

reparation. The mayor and bailiffs petitioned Richard II. to have the defects in the walls repaired, and an assignment was granted in the tenth year of that reign, complying with their request. In 1403, King Henry IV. granted to the Mayor of Newcastle *" all fines and forfeitures," for the reparation of the walls and bridge 3 andin 1527, mention occurs of an annuity of £20, granted by Henry VIII. for the support of the bridge and walls. During the destructive siege of this town by the Scots in 1644, the walls were so much damaged, that parliament granted £2564 for their repair. The walls were again strengthened and repaired in 1667, and in the rebellion of 1745 3 since which peried they have been suffered to decay, and a great portion demolished for the improvement of. the town; several of the towers, however, and many fragments of the walls, still remain, and, although much dilapidated, exhibis marks of their former strength and magnificence, which, in the time of Leland® are said to have surpassed the walls of all the cities of England and most of the towns in Europe.

The Castle. - Amongzst the ancient edifices constructed forthe de- fence of the town, that venerable and noble pile, the CasTLE, claims pre-eminence: it is a fine specimen of Norman military archi- tecture, situated on a lofty and natural eminence, rising abruptly from the river Tyne, and commands both the town and the passage of the bridge. The height of the tower to the top of the lowest battlements, exceeds 97 feet, and its base covers an area of 62 by 66 feet. The walls, which have chambers within them, are about 14 feet 6 inches in thickness at the top, and 17 feet at the bottom. A bold and spacious winding staircase, of curious and ingenious construction, in the north-east corner, leads from the ground floor to the top of the keep, there is also another staircase in the south- east corner. It appears, from the apertures in which the beams have rested, that there were originally five stories of apartments above the common hall.+ The grand entrance led immediately into the state apartments, some of which display much antique grandeur: & door, on the north side of the hall, leads to a room in which there is a curious draw-well, ninety-three feet deep: an- nexed to the east side of the keep is an entrance tower, which contained and defended the grand staircase. After entering the inner wall, which inclosed the keep, a flight of stairs, of which nineteen are still in existence, led to the second portal, of prodigious strength, from the top of which the besieged had great power to annoy assailants ; this is one of the most compact and complete of

® Itinerary, vol. V. p. 114,

t The great hall of the castle measures 25 feet 6 inches, by 20 feet 9 inches; it was long used as the county prison, and when visited by the philanthropic Howard, the state of this gaol, and the treatment of the unfortunate inmates, were severely censured, and that benevolent individual observes, in his account of the state of the prisons in this country, p. 425, " that during the assizes at Newcastle, the county prisoners are, men and women, confined together seven or eight nights, in a dirty damp dungeon, (six steps) in the old castle, which, having no roof, in wet seasons the water 1s some inches deep. The felons are chained to rings in the wall." At this period, and for many years afterwards, the prisoners were, on the assize Sunday, shown to the public like wild beasts, and the vulgar and curious visitors paid sixpence each for admission,

Account of the Castle. li

the Norman fortresses, erected to repress the unsubdued spirit. of the Conqueror's: Anglo-Saxon subjects; it stands on the site of the walls of the Roman station, Pons /EKi, and was called, in contra-distimetion, The New Castle upon Tyne, which appellation was afterwards extended to the adjoining town. During several successive reigns, a sums were appropriated for the repairs of this castle: Henry Il.in 1174, granted by his writ £175 lie. 4d. for that purpose; and King John, in 1213, caused a fosse to be formed round it, with additional works towards the river.® In 1234, Henry III. expended £22 on the works of the castle; and in 1248, he erected a new gate, now called the Black Gate which cost £514 15s. 11d. The repairs of a gate in 1250 cust £36 0s. 8d., and for the King's Tower in the castle 67s. 5d. ; and in 1268, the additional sum of £14 166. Gd. was expended in the repairs of this castle.

There were anciently twelve baronies, within the jurisdiction of the castle, viz. Heron, Dilstone, Walton, Bolbeck, Bolam, Gaugye, Morpeth, Bothall, Delaval, Rosse, Bywell, and Copun, which collectively contributed the annual sum of £18 6s. 4d. for castle ward,+ and £13 19s. 4d. for cornage.t The manors of Langley, Mitford, and Byker, and the village of Cramlington, were in the Ward of ' the Castle,'"' and paid yearly the sum of £12 3s. 4d. towards supporting the fortress. Besides these Tents there were houses, yards, gardens, &c. which paid to the castle. The King's Meadows, an island in theriyer Tyne, once beloaged to the castle, as also did the Castle Moor and Castle Field ; but the two latter were grauted by the crown to the cor- poration. The liberties and privileges of the castle extended northward to the Tweed, and southward to the river Tees. When the kingdoms of England and Scotland were united, this castle was abandoned by the crown, and the halls, which had so often resounded with the '* wassel mirth and revelry" of '' throngs of knights and barons bold,"" were, from the year 1605 to 1616, farmed by the incorporated company of tailors, at the annual rent of £). A of the keep however, was retained as a prison. King James I. in 1618, granted all the old castle, excepting the county prison for Northumberland, the Moot-Hall, and other conveni- ences for holding the assizes and sessions, to his bed-chamber page, Alexander Stephenson, a Scotchman, on payment of a yearly rent of 40s. The annual income of castle ward at this period amounted to £32. The grant of the Castle Garth, subsequently came into

© By his charter to the burgesses of Newcastle, dated February 5th, in the fourteenth year of his reign, King John, remitted certain escheat rents which he possessed in that town, to the value of 110 shillings and 6d. to such of the inhabitants who had lost, or had their property injured by the fosse and new works recently formed.

+ Castle-guard rents were restrained by an act of parliament im the reign of Henry VIII. and finally annihilated, with the tenure by king's service, in the time of Charles II.

¢ Cornage, a tenure which was to wind a horn when the Scots or other enemies entered the land, in order to warn the king's subjects. It was a species of grand serjeantry. - Blackstone's Comm. Book, II. c. 5.

(e) 2

ii The Castle - The Towers and Gates.

the possession of Barbara Baeke, from whem it was conveyed, in 1646, to Jane e, of London, who, in 1652, sold it te the corporation of Newcastle. By a clause in the charter of the 3]lst of Queen Elizabeth, the castle and its precincts, described as being a place of refuge for thieves and vagabends, were, except the dun- geon and Moot- Hall, placed under the jurisdiction of the magistrates of Newcastle ;* but their authority being disputed, James II. exe- cuted a grant, dated 15th May, 1685, by which the Castle Garth was declared to form " part and parce?' of Newcastle; in 1690, the Earl of Macclesfield made an attempt to have these letters patent revoked, alleging that the king had no right to separate the Castle Garth from Northumberland and annex it to Neweastle. This grant was abrogated in 1734, and the property was successively held by Colonel Liddle, Henry Lord Ravensworth, John Chriehloe, and s John Turner, Esq. : it was purchased of the latter gentleman in 1812, for 600 guineas, by the corporation of Newcastle, to whom it now belongs. This noble fortress was for a long time tenanted b 8 currier, and the chapel used as the beer cellar of a public-house after this the castle was repaired, and considerably improved in its appearance, the top of the keep was arched and flagged, the battlements embrasured, a corner tower for a flag-staff erected, and the stairs and interior apartments were carefully restored to their original form. Twelve carronades were also mounted, to be fired on days of public rejoicing, In 1768, the Castle-yard, which had long been considered as a separate township, was united with the parish of St. Nicholas, but it is still comprehended in the county of Northumberland, though its inhabitants, since the 31st

of Elizabeth, have in all criminal matters been subject to the sheriff ®

of the town and county of Newcastle. "TOWERS AND GATES.

The Close Gate, derived its name from the street called the Close, in which it was situated; a turret or tower extended from this gate to the river. It was taken down in 1797 for the purpose z widening the road, which is still very narrow and inconve- nient.

White Friar Tower, so called from ita adjoining the house of the Carmelites, is now used as an ice-house.

Denton, or Nevill Tower, stood at the west end of the street, called the Postern. It was remarkably strong, having gates of oak, iron doors, and a heavy portcullis. The gateway was pulled down in 1865, and the tower is now used as the hall of the company of wallers, bricklayers, and plasterers. The old wall from White- friar-gate to this place, covering a space of 214 yards, 2 feet, is in good preservation ; but is mostly hid by buildings of more modern erection.

West Spital Tower, derived its name from St. Mary's Hospital, now the Grammar School, which stands near to it, and was built by the master and brethren of that establishment, for their se- curity and defence, about the year 1290 ; it now forms part of a

* The charter of the lst of Henry IV. which constituted the town of Newcastle a county of itself, does not seem to have included the castle.

Towers and Gates. : lili

dwelling-house, and its circular walls may still be seen in a very perfect state.

Stank Tower is situate at the south west corner of the Spital- field, the upper part has been demolished, and the adjoining walls are greatly dilapidated.

Gunner, or Gurnerton Tower, stands about 100 yards west of Stank Tower, near to Forth-lane; it was re-built in 1821, and converted into a hall for the company of slaters and tilers. The workmen, whilst removing the old structure, discovered a lar quantity of shillings and sixpences, of the coinage of Edward i About forty yards to the west of this tower, a postern was formed in the wall, in 1705, as appeared by an inscription over the gate- way. This communicated with the Forth, and when opened, a Mr. Whitfield gave to the public the road leading from it to West- gate. This gateway was taken down in 1811, and the wall com- municating from this point to Gunnerton Tower has recently been removed.

Pink Tower, situated nearly forty yards to the west of Forth- lane, exhibits marks of great antiquity ; the basement story is in tolerable repair, but the upper part of the building is much dila- pidated.

The West-Gate crossed the street to which it gave name, at the foot of Ratten-row. It is described by Leland as being "a mighty strong thinge,"" consisting of four wards, secured by mas- sive gates of oak, and iron doors. It was once used as a prison, and, on one occasion, during the civil wars, all its inmates, amounting to seventeen persons succeeded in making their escape, during a stormy night. This gloomy gateway was removed in 1811, for the convenience of the public. According to tradition, it was built by the wealthy and munificent Roger de Thornton, who came to Newcastle in a state of indigence, at least so says the fol- lowing whimsical couplet, quoted by Leland : -

** In at the Westgate came Thornton in With s happen, hapt in a ram's skynn."

Or, according to Bourne :- -

** At the Westgate came Thornton In, . With a hep, aad s halfpemsy, and s lamb skin."

Durham Tower is now in a very ruinous state. Its site isa few yards to the west of Charlotte square.

Herber Tower is the place where the felt-makers, curriers, and armourers assemble, at whose expense it was repaired in 1620. It is situated 77 yards 1 foot NW. from Durham Tower.

Mordon Tower is one hundred and fifteen yards north of Her. ber Tower ; it was repaired in 1700, and is now the hall of the glaziers, plumbers, pewterers, and painters. The or.tside of the adjoining wall bears evident marks of the memorable siege in 1644 ; a cannon-ball, found in the ruins, has been gilt and is now sus-

nded from the centre of the meeting-room. Between Mordon and Herber Towers there was anciently a postern in the wall, be- longing to the monastery of the Black Friars.

Ever Tower, at the west end of Darn Crook, was built by some of the ancient family of ae ee Ever, and was re-built in

" 2 e

liv Towers and Gates.

1707, and completely repaired ard oraamented in 1771, by the se~ ciety of paviours, colliers, and carriagemen, who now occupy this tower as their public hal.

Andrew Tower is situated at the north weet corner of St. Andrew' Church-yard, whence the town wall formed the northern boundary of that cemetery as far as Newgate-street. The wall is here in a state of good preservation.

New-Gate crossed the street to which it gave name, at the west end of Blackett-street, where it was erected on the site of an old structure, called Berwick-gate, in the latter part of the 14th century. When Newcastle, in 1399, was made a county of itself, and took custody of its own prisoners, the towers of. this gate be- came the common gaol of the town. The scuth front exhibited marks of great strength and antiquity, the wings were modern, having been added in 1702, and 1706. The north front, er gate, was intended as an outwork to the defences ef the main gate, and had a gallery on each side, whence assailants, who might pass the first entrance could be attaeked with great effect. Under an arch, above the entrance was a statue of King James I. crowned, and in his regal robes, holding a sceptre in his right, and a globe (the ufa) in his left hand. The statue is still preserved in the Castle. New- gate, '* being out of repair, and inconvenient, insufficient, and in- secure ;" an Act was obtained in 1822, for its removal, and for the erection of the New Gaol, at the foot of Carliol-street. Duri the demolition of this venerable fragment of antiquity, coven large cannon balls were found buried deep in the walls, and also a portcullis; the latter is now at Blagdon, and is in a very perfeet state. :

Bertram Mombowcher Tower stood on the north side of Blackett street, and evidently derived its name from Bertram Mombowcher, who possessed property in Newcastle, and was high sheriff of Northumberland, in the reigns of Edward III. and Richard II.; this tower was taken down in 1824.

Fickett Tower also stood on the north side of Blackett-street ; this has been removed, and a modern erection, called the Joiners' Hall, now stands on its south side. ;

Pilgrim-Gate crossed the head ef the street to which it gave name, at its jametzen with Northumberland-street. This was a remarkably strong and heavy building, which when the defence of the walls was no longer necessary, became a great nuisance; the arch being 80 low as to obstruct the passage of conveyances, and the free admission of air into the town. In 1771, convenient foot passages weré opened at the sides, and in 1802, the fabric was entirely de- molished. The whole of the town wall from Pilgrim-street to Newgate-street has recently been taken down, and the stone con- verted to public uses.

Cartiol 'Tower stands on the north side of New Bridge-street. It was fitted up by the weavers' company for a meeting-house, in 1682, and in 1831, was again repaired and enlarged in a stile creditable to thé public spirit of that ancient society, though not strictly in accord. ancé with the original architecture. The workmen employed to improve the building, in December, 1824, found a ¢atnon ball, weighing mote than 23lbe. which had been lodged two feet deep ix the wall, where it had probably lain ever since the storming of the

Towers and Gates. lv

town, in 1644, when this tower was nobly defended. Between Carliol Tower and Pi -street were formerly three small tur- rets, but this part of the wall.was removed in 181i, and its site now forms part of New Bridge-street.

Plummer Tower is situated near the north east corner of the wall of the new prison. It was once the hall of the cutlers' company; but was granted to the fraternity of masons, in 1742, and has by them been new fronted and repaired. It has now a neat appearance, but is confined amidst a crowd of buildings.

Austin Tower stands at the distance of about eighty yards east of the Workhouse, near the south east corner of the New Prison. It was successively the hall of the millers, coopers, and ropers, the latter repaired it im 1698; but the lower apartment is mow converted into a stable, and the hall is in a decayed state.

Corner Tower, so called from its being in an angie of the wall. It stood in a commanding situation, ninety-five yards west of Pandon-gate; it is now in a ruinous state, and with the frag- meneejcutle adjoining wall, will, no doubt, soon be consigned to oblivion.

Pandon Gate stood at the foot of Pandon Bank, a little to the north of Stock Bridge; was, as has already been shown at page xiv, a venerable piece of antiquity, sup to have formed part of the great Roman wall. It had folding iron gates, but no port- callis, and was ascended by a flight of stone stairs, two yards wide. It was anciently the hall of the Barber Chirurgeons; but it was rendered untenable during the civil wars in 1644, and in 1795 it was totally demolished.

Wali Knoll Tower, now called Carpenters' Tower, on acconnt of its being the hall of the carpenters' or shipwrighta' company. It stands a little to the west of the keelmens' hospital, and was one of the towers belonging to the '* Picts Wall." It was, in 1716, partly re-built, and adorned with a new square tower, sur- mounted by four neat turrets, built in the form of lanterns. The ancient postern in this tower was the usual passage for those di- visions of the garrison who sallied out to attack the besiegers, hence it is commonly called the Sally Port (sate.

. Sand-gate, so called from being built upon the sands, beside the river. This gate pores extremely incomveniont and danger-

was taken down in 1798. The wall between this gate and the Glassite chapel was remeved in 1810-11. At the foundation of the wall, where Foster-street is now formed, a deep circular hele was discovered, to the sides of which some rotten wood ad- hered, conjectured to have been the remains of a mooring post, for stoall craft, and, indeed, it is clear that the river once extended to this place, as is evidenced by the banks above it being formed of ballast.

From Sand-gate the town wall extended along the Quay- side to the Tyne-bridge. Here the foundation of the wall was

in 1823, at the depth of twelve feet below the sur. - face, and under the site of the Mason de Dieu; it had a great number of openings, called Water-gates, and on the top was a broad walk. Leland, who visited Newcastle in the reign of Henry VIII. informs us, that there existed at that time ''a strong wardyd gate at Gateshed, a strong ward and towre on Tyne-bridge,

lvi The Fossee - The Barracks.

and a gate at the Bridge-end." The wall extending from Sand- hill to Sand-gate being found "no longer of any use or defence, but a great obstruction to carriages, and hindrance to the des- patch of business," the corporation petitioned for leave to remove it at their own expense, and to make use of the stones for build- ing a church. In compliance with this request, an order of the privy council was signed, on the 17th of November, 1762, and the workmen began to pull down the wall and gates on the 10th of January, 1763. The fortified line from the Bridge-end to Close-gate remained in 1610, but when it was removed is not known.

THE FOSSE.

The Fosse or Ditch that formerly surrounded the walls is now nearly all filled up, but the space which it occupied is still called the King's Dikes. It appears to have been twenty-two yards broad, and is claimed by the corporation, to whom every waste within their jurisdiction devolves, by virtue of their char. ter. There was also a narrow passage round the inside of the wall, which, in many places, is still open, and was probably used. for the purpose of conveying ammunition during a siege.

The union of the ' Rose" and the " Thistle," and the irre- sistible prowess of our gallant navy, have happily rendered these fortifications useless, which, during a long period of internal peace and progressive prosperity, have rapidly disappeared, having nearly all given place to buildings maintained by the " white sails of commerce," where the occupations of the busy tradesman, and the refined enjoyments of domestic life are happily blended.

THE BARRACKS,

On the Town Moor, are surrounded by a high wall, which encloses eleven acres of land, for which an annual rent of fifty- five pounds is paid to the corporation. The erection of this exten- sive military depdt was commenced in 1805, and completed in 1808, at the cost of upwards of £40,000. It affords accommoda- tion to numerous corps of infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The troops garrisoned here are generally such as have attained Slade knowledge of military tactics in some of the southern count

and are subsequently sent here to be in readiness for foreign ser. vices. Colonel J. A. Gillmore, of Elswick Cottage, is the present barrack master.

CHAPTER III.

Convent of St. Bartholomew - The Dominicans - Franciecans - F riare of the Order of Sac - Carmelites - Auguetines - St. Michaels Priory - St. Mary's Hospital - Hospital of St. Mery Magdalen wee Roman Chapels - Maison de Dieu-Decayed sthma

ouses.

_ MONASTIC INSTITUTIONS, &c.

Convent of St. Bertholomew. - As we have already observed at pege xv. the Christian religion flourished at a very early period in this town, once so famous for its sacred edifices, that if obtained the appellation of Monkchester, which it retained until the bui of the New Caste. But, during the disastrous éra of the kavasions, this holy place suffered considerably, and the reAgious were driven from their favourite fetreat. The venerable reins of the monasteries of Monkchester, after being neglected for nearly two centuries, were visited, in 1073, by three pious amd persevering missionaries from the south, and ina very few afterwards a small society of fair devotees was formed, of the Benedictine order, and under the protection of St. Bartholomew. Th#s is evidently the oldest monastic institution in Newcastle, of which any vestiges now remain. David, King of Scotland, and Henry I: of England, were benefactors to this establishment, but, according to a manu- script in the Bodleian Library, it appears to have owed its origin to an ancient baron of the name of Hilton.* This establishment was munificently endowed by numerous donations, eee which were the following: about the year 1149, William de St. Barbara, bishop of Durham, with the prior and convent there, granted Shape Jed (Stella) '* to God, and St. Bartholomew, and the Nuns of New- castle." Between 1153 and 1194 Hugh Pudsey, bishop of Dur-

- ham, gave them, in pure and perpetual alms, '' Twille," in ex- change for ' Olworthe," and, about the same time, they re- ceived a grant from Robert de Dyveltune, of s four shillings rent in Milburn, and another from Sir Roger Bertram, who gave them two and a half acres of his pasture in Merdesfen, and an acre and a helf next the road, with a foft inthe town of Merdesfen; he alse granted them pasture for their oxen during the half year they drew in carts." By a charter from King Jon, they claimed from the town 51s. Ojd. for land held by the gift of King David. Shortly after this, Marmaduke de Tueng and Margaret, his wife, bequeathed'a house and some land in Hartlepool to buy '' smoeks"' for the nuns of this convent. Before 1223 they received a grant from Germanus, and the convent of Tynemouth, of eight quarters of wheat yearly, from the granary of Tynemouth; and, about 1230, Sir Robert Newham, granted and confirmed all the grants and sales which William, his father; had made to this house.

® An account of this ancient family will be found in the General History of the County of Durham, in the Second Volume.

lviii The Dominicans - The Franciscans.

By a very old deed, it appears that Roger de Haliwell granted six

acres of arable land to God and St. Bartholomew to support a fight -

at the altar of St. Mary in this town. In the reign of Henry ITI. Sir Roger de Marley confirmed to the nuns of this house an ann rent of four quarters of wheat, out of land in Great Bentham. In 1257, Roger de Whytcester granted five dovates of land in Dun- iagton, to support s chaplain; and, in 1291, the establishment ap- to have been in the receipt of the annual sum of twelve marks Feat the church of Wesington. Notwithstanding these, and many other advantages, this convent fell into a state of miserable poverty, accompanied by a relaxation of discipline; for, in 1363, Bishop Hatfield appointed a commission to visit this convent, in order to punish crimes and reform abuses. In 1513, the mayor and gorporation of Newcastle obtained a lease of the Nun Moor for one

hundred years, at the a

nnnal rent of 3s. 4d. This was one of the

religious houses which Henry VIII. re-founded and preserved from the general dissolution in 1537, but it was suppressed on the 3rd of

January, 1540, at which time the establishment consisted of a -

prioress and nine nuns.

Its annual revenue, according to Dugdale,

was £36 10s.; but Speed makes it £37 4s. 9d. The house was granted to William Barantyne Kenelme Throgmorton, gentle. man, and H Annetson, it became afterwards the property of

Lady Gaveere, from w

hom it passed by purchase, to Robert An-:

derson, who pulled down the whole fabric, in order to dislodge a number of Scats and non-freemen who had taken refuge therein. It Is now difficult to ascertain the exact site of this nun- nery; but Brand supposes it to have been situated near the old theatre behind the Turk's Head Inn, in the ok abet '

The Black Friary. - The Dominicana, or one of the four orders of mendicants, or begging friars, and received -

lack Friara, were

their name from St. Dominic, the founder,-who was a native of

» in Spain, They wore white cassocks, and white hoods whilst in the monastery, but when travelling their dress consisted of a black cloak and hood, which was their outer covering: The

house belonging to this Sir Peter Scot, and his

order at Newcastle was founded in 1260, by son Sir Nicholas. It was dependent on the

priory of Tynemouth, and, at the dissolution, consisted of a prior one twelve sbirals and had an annual income of £2 19s. 4d

¢ was gran y Henry VIII. in 1544, to the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle, in consideration of the sum of £63 7s. 6d., reserv- ing to himself and successors for ever, the yearly rent of 6s. lldd,

together with the bells,

lead, stones, iron, and timber of the church

and other edifices. The property specified in this grant consisted of a close within the West-gate, two gardens, and a close on the north, the field still called the Warden's close on the west, without

the town's wall, and a street, which seems to

house called the Gate house, near Newgate. have been the principal entrance to this

monastery. The corporation, in 1552, demised the friary to nine of the mysteries, or ancient trades of the town, at the yearly rent

of forty-two. shillings.

By this grant the ancient house of the.

Black Friars has been saved from destruction, and-though it has

undergone many altera monastic appearance.

tions, it still retains much of its original

Friars of the.Order of 8ac- - Carmelites. ltz

The Franciscans, or Grey Friers, had their house in the west side of Pilgrim-street, a litle below the High Friar-lane.* This was the mustgemineas of the four orders of mendicants; they wore a grey habit, and were called minors, from their profession of humility. They came to England in 1294, and are said to have been established in Newoastle by the opulent and com. mercial family of the Carliols, in the reign of Henry IIL. After 'the reformation in this order, by St. his followers were called Obdservants, or Recollects, and the rest Conventuals. Henry VII. expelled the Conventuals from this house, and filled it with Observants. His successor, however, restored it to the ancient order. It was surrendered on the 9th of January, 1539; when the est&blishment consisted of John Cragforth, prior, eight friars, and two novices. Their convent was granted to the Earl of Essex, James Rokesby and others. Speed says, that the order was principally supported by a charitable and free dona- tion of five-pence, once in three months, from every house or family in the town. The scholastic Doctor Hugh, of Newcastle, belonged to this house. Duns Scotus also entered into the order of minors here. This celebrated scholar was born at Embleton, in Northumberland, was educated at Oxford, and at Paris became the opposer of Aquinas. The learned Friar Martin, of Alnwick, likewise took the habit of St. Francis in this convent, where he was buried in 1336.

The Friars of the Order of Sac had their monastery in Hanover- square, near the White Friar tower, where they were settled in 1268 ; and in this year Henry III. gave them, at the request of Robert Bruos, a piece of land called the Stable garth. The order was founded by an expelled novice in Provence, when the general Council of Lyons was sitting, in 1245, and was confirmed by Pope Nicholas IV. They admitted both sexes, though married, and per- mitted them to retain property. Though its members were esteem- ed ecclesiastics, it is doubtful whether ty Padhen the privileges of clerks, or religious. In 1307, Walter de Clariton was the only surviving brother of this convent, which King Edward I. granted to the Carmelites, on condition that they should support this bro- ther in a manner suitable to his rank.

The Carmektes, or White Friars, had their first residence in Neweastle, on the Wall Knoll, which, by license of Henry III. they were permitted to hold in fee, of John de Byker. They after- wards removed to the house of the Sac Friars. At the dissolution this house was granted to Richard Gresham and Richard Billing- ford. The site was afterwards purchased by Dr. Askew, who in 1740, built » handsome mansion upon it, in the kitchen of which some vestiges of the walls and windows of the priory still remain. This order of mendicants was founded in 1122, by Albert, pa- triarch of Jerusalem, who, with a few hermits, resided on Mount Carmel, in Syria, whence these monks were expelled by the Sara- cens in 1238. They entered England about the year 1240, and were settled at Hulne Abbey, near Alnwick, under the patronage of Vescy and Grey, two barons who had visited their original con- vem.during the Holy Wars.

® Grey describes the mansion now occupied by Major Anderson, as a '' prince- ly house, built out of the ruins of the Fryers."

lx Augustines - St. Michael's Priory - .St. Mary's Hospital.

The Augustine Friary. - Tis extensive establishment ocoupied the site of Blackett's and the Tewn's Hospitals, the n's-t¥all, and the Workhouse. The Augustines, commonly called Austin Friars, were originally hermits, whom Pope Alexander IV. first con- gtegated into one body, under General Lanfranc, in 1266. They were clothed in black, and observed the rules of St. Augustine. it has not been clearly ascertained at what time they settled in New- castle; though it is supposed that this house was founded by WiA- liam Lord Ress, Buron of Wark upon Tweed, about the year 1240, forty years after their first coming to England. Though this monastery wes ef great celebrity, its revenues were extremely small at the diesolaution, when {t was surrendered, on the 9th of

» 1838, by Andrew Kel, the prior, who, with seven beethren and three novices, were at that time its inmates. In 4540, the prentises were reserved for the king's use; 'and Grey, in his Oberogaphia, says, " the kings-of Northumberlamd were buried heres; and the place, in sueveeding ages, has been enlarged and heautified with stately buildings, cloysters, ané a faire church." In King James's time it bad shred or four towers; this monarch granted it te a Scotchman, when the lead was taken away, and the stone sold to Sir Peter Riddel, who built an elegant mansion, in the construction of which this stone was used.

St. Miohac?s Priory, on the Walk Knoll, was occupied by the Trinitarians, or Maturines, styled " of the order of the Holy Trinity, for the redemptien of captive" This order arose in 1196; its founders were Johu de Manthn, a native of Provence, und Felix de Valois, They observed the.rules of 'St. Austin, and wore white robes, with a red and blue cross upon their breasts. One part of their re- venues was appropristed to their own use, another to the poor, and the third to the liberation of christians in captivity amongst the infidels. This monastery was founded by William de Acton, in 1360; and after its dissolution in 1546, it was granted, with its revenues, to Sir Richard Gresham and Richard Billingford. Before its suppression, John Felle, one of the brotherhood, was convicted of incontmence with two women, one of whom was married, and in 1539, Thomas Wade, the last master of the heuse, surrendered it for a pension of £5.

St. Mary's Hospital, in Westgate-street, (now the Grammar. school) anciently consisted of a hospital and a chapel, and was founded in the reign of Henry II. by one Aselack, of Killing. howe, or Killingworth, who gave the ground, and placed therein two friars hs el and @ chaplain. Provision was also made for indi rgymen and strangers who were travelling. its benefactors were numerous; and Bourne says, that it '+ was founded by the inhabitants of Newonstle, for a master and chap- lain to sdy devine service, for 6 bede folks in the ahms-house, and to lodge poor and wayfaring people, and to bury such as happened to die there, and to distribute yearly 9 chaldron of coals among poor people." Its yearly revenues, in 1535, amounted to £26 138. 4d. This establishment came into the possession of the crown, by statute of 31st of Henry VIII.; but the house, and rents were still enjoyed by the inhabitants of the town, who com - tinued to present a master to the Bishep of Durham. The old charter being lost, a new one was granted by James I. by which

Hospital of St. Mary Magdalen - St. James' Chapel. = xi

it was decreed, that, in future, the foundation should comsist of @ master, sag pa sata galery Rout aig married poor men, and having a common seal. When the great charter of the 42d of Elisabeth was obtained, the chancel of.the old chnreh of this hospital was converted into aa election room for the corporation. About ay Toon ago, the siz poor brothers were removed to the Alms-houee in Pudding where they have each a room, an allowance of 2a. 44. per week, two fothers of coals annually. The Rev. E. Moises is the present moaster.

in 1611, when the chapel of St. Thomas a Beobet, on Tyne Bri was annexed to it. By this charter it was decreed that the uni institutions should consist of a master, who should at least be w master of arts, and three old poor unmarried burgesses of the town, and thas the mayor and common council should be patrons: the master to res lea et ic divided amongst the brethren. of the hos is still remaining behind the Bay Horee public-house, at the top of Northumberland. street, adjoining to which is the Magdalen, or as it is now

the Maudlin meadow. St. Thomas's Chapel is still used as a place of

worship, and is described at a su t page. The property of this hospital now produces upwards of £450 per annum."

St. James's Chapel stood on the side of the Barras bridge, on the site of the buildings now called St. James' place. It was an a to the Magdalen Hospital, and in 1542, the master of ution (Edward Barrel) is also styled " Previ- sour of the of St. Jaymes." About thirty years ago, part

of this chapel was used as a cow-house; but it - since been

® During many years the Corporation exercised the right of granting leases of the property belonging to the Hospital of St. Mary Magdalen, but Dr. Ridley, the late master, comsidered it to be his duty to reedst this practice, and the matter was Utigated from the year 1800 to 1816, when the right of the master and brethren of the hospital to lease this property was established, and the corporation was adjudged to pay the rents in arrear, to the amount of £3500; and the incomé of the three brethren (commonly called beadsmen) was thus raised from an average of £16 year to £100; and in one year they lately received £120 each. The Rev. Richard Cenytoa, A. ML is the poéeent Master. '

{f)

lxii Virgin Mary's, St. Lawrence - Benwell, &c. Chapels.

taken down, and scarcely any traces of the original structure now remain..

The Virgin Mary's Chapet and Hospital, at Jesmond, existed in 1351; for, in that year, Sir William de Heighinton possessed the chaplainship, which he shortly afterwards resigned, declaring that he had no title to it. The corporation obtained a grant of the establishment from Edward VI., and in the same year sold it to Sir John Brandling. The hospital is now a dwelling-house; and | the picturesque ruins of the chapel are carefully preserved by the owner, James Losh, Esq. The shrine at this place was anciently resorted to by pilgrims, who came from all parts of the kingdom to worship at it.

_ _ St. Lawrence's Chapel stood on the banks of the Tyne, a little below Ouseburn. This ancient edifice, in 1782, was used as a lumber-room to an adjoining glass-house, to which purpose it is still applied. It was dependant upon the priory of St. John of Jerusalem ; but in 1549, Edward VI. granted it to the corporation of Newcastle, for the sum of £144 13s. 4d. The rents belonging to it in 1558, were as follows: - St. Lawrence, £7 10s.; the fishery of St. Lawrence, £1 13s. 4d,; St. Ann's Close, 12s.; and the Conny Close, £1 13s. 4d., making a tutal yearly income of £11 8s. 8d.

' Benwell Chapel stood contiguous to Benwell Tower, once the summer residence of the prior of Tynemouth. It was a domestic chapel, with a burial ground attached, where a number of grave- stones still remain, and preserve the memory of its site. A register has been found, belonging to the cemetery, wherein the last entfy is dated A. D. 1742.

Heaton Chapel was no doubt an appendage to the baronial castle, once occupied by Robert de Gaugy. It was at this chapel that King Edward I. attended to hear the '' Boy Bishop," on the 7th of December, 1299.

Besides the above-named Chapels, there were anciently several others within the parochial boundaries of Newcastle, which are now disused, and their history veiled in obscurity. At North Gosforth there was a chapel of ease to St. Nicholas, where a few grave-stones are all that now remain. There was also a small place of. worship, called the Ladies' Chapel, on the old Tyne-bridge, which, by an ancient deed, appears to have been used as a tenement in 1616. In 1429, Roger de Thornton, in his will, appointed the Hermit, then residing on this bridge, to be one of the 30 priests whom he had ordered to sing for his soul, with a bequest of six marks annually. An old house in Grinding Chare, is said to have been a chapel, dedicated to St. John, and human bones have been frequently dug up about it. There were likewise other chapels in this ancient town, but tradition has not retained a remembrance of their sites, and history does not record the names of their founders, or' the object for 'which they were established.

Maison de Dieu, or the House of God, stood on the site of the new fish-market, at the east end of the Guildhall. It was founded, in 1412, by Roger de Thornton, from whom almost all the ancient institutions in the town had received munificent donations. He endowed this house with funds for the maintenance of a warden,

Decayed Alms Houses - Church of St. Nicholas. xiii

wine poor men, and four poor women. The institution was dedi- cated to St. Catherine. The son of its founder granted the use of -the hall and kitchen, as is stated in the Millbank MS. "for a vyoung couple, when they were married, to make their wedding dinner in, and receive the offerings and gifts of their friends; for at that time houses were not large."" When this charitable estab- lishment was dissolved, 37th of Henry VIII., its annual revenue susan to £8 Os. ld., and its furniture and plate was valued at 2s. 8d.

; Decayed Alms-houses. - There were also several other religious and charitable foundations in Newcastle, which have shared the general fate of monastic institutions. Amongst these were (¢he Alms-houses founded by Christopher Brigham, in 1495, for poor women. They consisted of several houses, which occupied nearl 'the whole of the space between the High Friar chare and High Friar lane; the Alms-houses at the foot of Pilgrim-street, founded by Eliz. Nyxon, about the beginning of the 16th century, for the use of the poor of All Saints ; the Alms-houses in the Manor chare, -founded in the reign of Edward IV., by John Ward, for 24 poor men and women; the Alms-house at Stock-bridge; and the Alms-houses at the corner of the Low bridge, in St. Nicholas' Church-yard, 'which were removed when Dean-street was formed; but the cor- poration have erected a new building in the Manors, where there are now two widuws residing, who have each an allowance of Is. weekly, paid by the Simpson family of Bradley.

CHAPTER IV. CHURCHES.

"CuurcH of St. Nicholas, - of St. John, - of All Saints, - of St. Ann, - of St. Andrew. CuapEr of St. Thomas.

The Church of St. Nicholas, an ancient and beautiful edifice, - situated in the parish to which it gives name, was founded in the ear 1091, by Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury, Earl of Dorset, a fol- lower of William the Conqueror. Henry I. gave this, with -others, to the church of Carlisle, in the patronage of which See it still remains. The privileges were considerably abridged during the episcopacy of Bishop Farnham; and, according to a manu- script in the exchequer, the proceeds were in 1291 divided in the following manner: to the Bishop of Carlisle, as rector, £38 13s. 4d.; to the Prior of Carlisle, 438 13s. 4d.; to the Prior of Tynemouth, £8; to the Vicar of Newcastle, (who paid out of his portion 13 marks a year to his rector), £20 5s., making a total of £105 11s. 8d. Henry VIII. granted '' a moiety of the rectory of Newcastle-upon- Tyne," to the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, enjoining the payment of £8 per annum to be paid out of itto the Bishop of Durham. Though the presentation of this living is in the Bishop of Carlisle, the vicar claims jurisdiction over aa three parochial churches 2

lsiv Chureh of St. Nicholas.

in the town, and their benefices are in his patronage.* The original cherch was burnt down in 1216, and rebuilt in 136% since. which period-it haq been frequently repaired and besutified: it is now a magnificent structare, situated on the crown of a bold eminence; which rises abruptly from the river. nearly to the centre of the town. The Interior of the nave measures 109 feet 10 inchea in length, and 74 feet two inches in breadth: the middle transept is 24 feet ten inches wide; and the choir, from the organ to the great east window, + is 110 feet four inches. The whole length of the in- terior is 245 feet, aud the breadth of the choir 63 feet six inches. In 1783, a subscription was opened, for the purpose of making such alterations in the church as should give it the appeerance of a cathedral, and the sum subscribed for this purpose amounted to £1,210 7s. : this design was soon effected, and the chancel was threwn open, the communion table removed under the great esst window, all the erections at the west end of the church cleared away, and the whole space devoted to the purposes of sepulture. The east end of the church was new pewed, and partitioned from the rest of the building by-an ipdiferently executed wooden screen. There were formerly nine A tea. chantries in this church, used as burial places by opulent Northumberland families, and endowed with lends and other revenues for the maintenance of chaplains to pray for the souls of the foundera and their families.

at the diasalution, were valued at £48 4s. Gd. Phe vicarageis valued in the king's books at £50. Many of the ancient sepulchral monuments were destroyed by the Scots when they stormed the town and plundered the churches, and of those that escaped the ravages of the marauders, many were broken and defaced by the workmen, during the completion of the arrangements in 1783.

The church contains several fine specimens of modern sculp- ture, the most eet na Se which are those erected to the memory of Sir Matthew White Ridley, M.P.; Vice-admiral Lord Colling- wood; the Rev. Hugo Moises, A.M.; Calverley Bewicke, Esq. Henry Askew, Esq., Joseph Bainbridge, Esq., and other distin.

ished personages. The monyment of Sir M. W. Ridley is a ull len figure, in a Roman éoga, it is adn bly delineated, and stands near the bust and cenotaph of Lord Collingwood, on the left af the middle door of the choir: the figure of Religion, on the tomb of the Rev. H. Moises, is much admired for the deli- cacy of its execution. On a pedestal, in Bewicke's porch, is a length figure of Colonel Bewicke, in a sitting posture, supported by a female, whose hand he grasps: a figure of Hope stands in front, pointing to an angel above; the whole has a very pleasing bene and reflects great credit on the taste of Mr, Bailey, the

ptor.

The steeple of this church is a very ingenious apecimen of architecture, it is sixty-four yards high, and consists of thirteen pinnacles, and tw@ bold stone arches supporting a large and beauti-

© The Vicay of St. Nicholas' also possesses the right of presentation to the Chapel of Gosforth. 4

tT An admiyable painting on glass, representing Christ bearing the Cross, haa recently been executed by Mr. John Gibson, at the expense of the Corporation, and ie now (March, 1987) placed in the Gregt Regt Window.

pla ac Po TET LO ee _& Jobn' 8 Church - All Saints Church.

ful evar crow shee with a tall spire. This elegant plece o sonry is built upon the original tower, which appears t ve merly been terminated by a bat tement of open stone work. lis erection is by some authors ascr ribed to David, K ing of Scotland : but the architecture is in the style which prev ailed in the rei ign of Henry VI. It has been frequent dy repaired by the corpar: who have from time immemorial been charged with this ex. pense ; it contains a peal of eight musical bells, and an excell clock." The register of baptisms in this church commences in 152 and that of burials and marri: ages in 1574. The vicarage is a sent enjoved by the Rev. John Dodd, who was inducted on the 21st of April, 1826. One-half of the corn tithes belong to the Bishop of Carlisle, as patron of the benefice, and the other half to the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle: the other clergymen attached to this ehurch are, the Rev. Henry Deer Griffith, A.M. the afternoon Lec. turer ; and the Rev. John Barnet, B.A. the Curate ; Mr. Thomas T hompson, i is the organist, Mr. Edward E Aliott, the parish clerk ; and Mr. Thomas Brown, the beadle and sexton St. John's Church, situated in Westgate-street, is a small ancient structure, supposed to have been built about the year | 287, since which period it has been enlarged, and frequently rey several of the windows were formerly ornamented with stained glass, and the great eastern window still contains man y ancient specimens ; a representation of Christ, with the cup of the last supper, has lately been inserted.t In Bourne's time, there re- mained in the chancel here " the funnel, through which, in Naileg

BEL QN SLITS

red

of popery, was conveyed on the day of pentecost, an artificial dove, to represent the descent of the Holy Ghost." There were ancient! three chantries in this church, dedicated to * St. Thomas,

: ady,' and the ' Holy Trinity ;? and of the yearly value of

£14 Os. 8d. The tower contains a clock and six bells. In 1762, the cemetery was enclosed, by subscription, with a brick wall, surmount. ed by iron rails, and planted round in the inside with lime and elm trees. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of St. Nicholas' , and incumbency of the Rev. Henry Allison Dodd, M.A. The Rev. Robert Hi Iton Seott, is the morn- mid Lecturer ; Miss J. Kinlock, erganist ; Henry Cockburn, clerk : md John Thompson, beadle and seaton, All Saints Church, is an elegant modern structure, erected on the site of the ancient fabric, at the foot of Pilgrim-stre et, between Silver-street and Dog Bank. The original edifice was erected in fe 13th century, and contained seven chantries, which, before the Reformation, were of the annual value of £28 11s. 6d. The church having long been in a ruinous and decayed condition, an act of par- liament was obtained, in 1786, for taking it down and building a new one, in which year (August 14) the first stone of the _present beautiful edifice was laid; the building was completed in 1796, according to a plan, and under the direction of Mr. David Stephen- son, architect, at the expense of £27,000, which was raised by an assessment of two shillings in the pound per annum, paid equally

® St. Nicholas' chimes and clock were completed by Mr. Walker, in 1761.

+ Executed by Mr. John Gibson, of Newcastle. (f) 3

levi St. Ann's end &. Andrew's Churches.

ESS AT SPT EAD BIE TTT TEE NSE I LISLE OEE LL LLL OLLIE hy the owners and tenants of property ia the parish. The body of the churoh forms an ellipsia, the agate and transverse diame-

forms the vestibule, adjoining whieh, oa each side, are uniform wings, one of which is used as the chapel for morning prayers, the other as the vestry, - the whole is faced by a handsome pertice, consisting of four stately fluted columna, supporting' ment, the en of which dentile,

ise

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fas

f

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5 a fi;

g ite he

g = 8 : g & =¥ g = § & <_ re R, oe

F F eo i ; 3 F EF

Edward Moises, is lecturer; My. William Mordue, erganist ; Edward Scot, olerk ; Mrs, Babara Beanets, seston ; and Will Dizon, beadie. ;

St Ann's Church, situated on the New Raad, neer to the east-end of Sandgate, is a chapel of ease, in the ish of All Saints, and in the patronage of the corporation. It is a neat and commodious structure, built by Mr. Newton, with the stone of that part of the town's wall which extended along the Quay. It atands on the foundation of the old chapel, which, after the refor- mation, was for some time soffered to decay; it was repaired the corporation in 1682 and 1710; and, in 1768, being then in a a ruingus state, was taken down, and the present structure erected on its site. The Rev. Moses Manners, M.A. is the officiating minister ; and Mr. Thomas Nicholson is the clerk.

St. Andrew's Church stands at the tep of Newgate-strest. Is is the oldest sacred edifice in Newcastla, and is mentioned in the chartulary of Tynemouth Priory so early.as the year 1218 The arch of the chancel is in the Norman style, and the res¢ of the

E

were pormneely: bares endowed chantries here, which, at the sup-

en organ waa erected in the church, atthe cost ef £315, Above the altar is q fine picture, py. te the last supper, painted by t,

the ted Italian @ It resented by Maj Anderson in 1804. The living isa eal sry See sentation of the vigar of St Nicholas', and i yy of the

* £100 was given by Mrs. Atlee towands the expenes of the pews.

Bridge-End Ohapel_Calvinistio Independents. hii

Bev. Heary Dese Girifith, A.M. A jeotureship wes established in 1798, and is supported by the volun contrébatiens ef tho rishioners. The Rev, John Walker is present lesture:'. Tne office of clerk is filet by My. Theseas Seott; and that of beadie FS Corey Ue agape ves

CHAPTER V. - 'PROPRETANT DISGBNPING,.AND OTHER CONGREGATIONS,

NOT CONNECTED WITH THE CHUBCH OF BNGLAND.

Calvinistio Independents - Glassites, or Sandemantans - Methodists - Particular Baptists - Roman Catholics - Scotch Presbyterians - Soctety of Friends - - _Swedenborgians..__ Unitarians - Burial Grounds, &c.

In dil populous and commercial towns, Dissenters are gene- Hoe Amante and influential ; and so great is their preponderanoe in Newcastle, that out of the't places of worship in the town, no less than twenty-three are occupied b congregations not connection with the Establishment, including those belonging to the Church of Scotland, and the Chapel whose congregation adheres to the practice of the Church of Rome.® ok

The Carviniat1c INDEPENDENTS have two places of worship in this town, ane of which is situated in the postern, and the other at the foot of Westgate-streat. The former was built in 1797, and the Rev. Ralph Davison, the present minister, was elected in 1810. The latter is called Zion Chapel, and belongs to the Wesleyan Methodists; the Independents, however, obtained a lease of it in 1821, and on the 15th of September, in that year, the Rev. Richard

® In osder to svold even the appearance of a preference, all the Places of Worship not belonging to the English Establishment, are inserted in the order of the common alphabet.

'ivi Methodists - Baptists.

Gibbs was ordained to the pastoral office, in the usual forms of the congregational churches.

The GrassiTEs, or Sundemanians, worship in their chapel in Forster-street. This small community has existed in Newcastle nearly seventy years. The peculiarities of this sect are, that they administer the Lord's Supper weekly, dine together every Sabbath day, use the kiss of charity, wash eaeh other's feet, abstain from blood and: things retried and hold the community of goods, so far that every one is to consider all that he has in his possession liable to the calls of the poor of the church. Their ministers serve gratuitously, and are generally tradesmen. The founders of this sect were John Glass and Robert Sandeman ; the former was ex- pelled, in 1728, from the church of Scotland, for maintaining '* that the kingdom of Christ is not of this world," and the latter, in 1755, contended, in a series of letters, that '* faith was a mere simple assent to the testimony of Christ."

; METHODI8sTs. - The Wesleyan Methodists® erected their first chapel in Newcastle in 1742. This building, called the Orphan House, situated in Northumberland-street, being too small for their accommodation, they erected, in 1820, a spacious chapel at Bruns- wick-place, at the cost of £6,726. The interior is very handsome, and is capable of accommodating 2300 persons. The Wesleyans have also a commodious chapel on the New-road, built in 1813; it will seat 1600 persons, and cost about £4,700. The pews in this chapel being nearly all free, afford a great accommodation to the religious poor in the populous suburb of Sandgate.

The New Connexion of Dfethodists, or Kilhamites, assemble in the Bethel chapel, in Manor-chare, which was first opened in 1799. It cost about £1,200, and will admit 500 hearers.

The Independent Methodists seceded from the Old and New Connexions of Methodists, in 1819, and now occupy the Ebenezer chapel, in the New-road, which was built by the Rev. John Knipes, after his separation from the Postern cha Their service is con- ducted by various gratuitous preachers.

Silver Street Chapel is now the property of the Primitive Methodists, who have recently purchased it for the sum of £305. Particucak Baprists. - The Particular or Calvinistic Bap- tists have a chapel on Toothill-stairs, and another in the New-court, in Westgate-street. A Baptist minister preached in the neighbour. hood of Newcastle as early as the year 1651, and, in the year 1725, an old building in Toothill-stairs was converted into a chapel, to which purpose it was applied until 1798, when the congregation erected a new chapel, near to the old one, at the expense of £1300, half of which sum was liberally contributed by Richard F enwick, Esq.; he also paid £200 for the recovery of some of the congre- gational property. "The Rev. Richard Pengilly is the present officiating minister. The chapel in New-court was opened in 1819, by number of persons who had seceded from the old congregation of Baptists. Their present minister js the Rev. George Sample.

® John and Charles Wesley, the celebrated founders of the Armenian Metho- 'dists, were born at Epworth, in Lincolnshire, (John in June, 1703, and Charles in ene 1708.) They were sons of the Rev, Samuel Weasley, rector of that P

SAN HRRTRAIRARNRNIARI ANA HIA ERRRRRNRNAHE A SHEAR

Roman Catholics - Scotch Presbyterians. lxix

A small congregation of Antinomian Baptiste assemble in a school room, in Forth street. This sect affirm that men are saved by grace alone, and that good works neither promote nor retard salvation.

_ Roman Catnorics - Prior to the Revolution in 1688, the Roman Catholics had a chapel in the White Hart-yard, in the Flesh-market; and some time afterwards their priest removed to a house in the Nuns, which was broken inte, and much of the furniture destroyed by a misguided mob, on the 28th of January, 1746, being the day on which William, Duke of Cum. berland, arrived at Neweastle, on his way to Scotland, to attack the army of the Pretender. This outrage was committed under the mistaken notion of complimenting the Duke; and the Catholic Chapel, in the mansion-house of the Riddells, in Gates- head, suffered the same fate from similar motives, arising out of the religious and political feuds of the times.* After this occurrence, the Catholics fitted up a room in Bell's-court, New- gate-street, and another at the foot of Westgate-street, which they occupied till 1797, when the two congregations were united under the pastoral care of the Rev. J. Worswick, who erected the com. modious chapel in the rear of the premises at No. 73, Pilgrim. street, for their accommodation. It is dedicated to St. Andrew, and was opened on the Lith of February, 1798; on which occasion a solemn High Mass was celebrated, being, it is supposed, the first which had been performed in Newcastle since the Reformation. The chapel is a neat brick building, 85 feet long, and 354 broad, and is lighted by six large Gothic windows, on the south side. At the west end is a large gallery. The altar is placed in an alcove, which is ornamented by a beautiful painting of the Crucifixion, by Maria Cosway. Near the east énd of the chapel is a Charity-school for girls, and im the yard another for boys.

The Scorcn PrespyTrerianst have nine places of worship in Newcastle, Seog those belonging to the United Secession) the oldest of which is the Wad? Knoll Chapel, erected in 1765, in which year it was opened by the congregation, who had, since the year 1722, assembled in a small meeting-house on the left of Sand.gate, situated on the summit of the hill adjoining the New-road. It will seat about 500 persons, and is at present under the ministry of the Rev. Andrew Robson. |

St. James' Chapel is an elegant stone edifice, situated in

® For some years after the suppression of the monasteries, a great portion of the people of Northumberland and Durham continoed to regret the change, and to adhere steadily to. the Catholic faith. Met Queen Elissheth, in order to remove their attechment from the proscribed neligion of their forefathers, inflicted ruinous fines for recusaucy, and eruel punishments were 'inflicted upon the prigsts who professed the ancient catholic faith, three of whom afterwards suffered death at Newcastle, vis, Edward Waterson, Joseph Lamptoa, and John Ingram. On the _ acooyalon of James IL (1685) the magistracy of this town shewed equal to Churchmen, Catholics, and Nonconformists. - -{4 Hsd of the ministers Ge for nonconformity in Durham and Northumberland will be fownd appended to Yhe second volumé of this Work.]

t In 1715, there were in Newcastle, four Presbyterian congregations, whose

ate number of members amounted to 1900, and ane Independent congrega- thn, consisting of 100 hearers - Neat's MS. in the posseasion of. Pr. Tontmin.

Ixx Scotch Presbyterians.

Blackett-street. It was built in 1826, from a design by Mr. John Dobson, architect. To this place of worship the congregation have recently removed from their old mevting-house, in Silver-street. The trustees of this chapel possess deeds of conveyance from the _ time of Edward VI. The present edifice was erected at the cost of £2150, and the land for the site £168, subject to a ground rent of 10s. per annum. The present minister is the Rev. Wm. Beattie Smith, A.M.

The Presbyterian Chapel in the Groat-market, may also be a proached through a gateway in the Pudding-chare. It isa sub- stantial brick building, with a spacious gallery, and affords accom- modation for 700 persons. It appears to have been erected before 1715; for, in that year, the Rev. Wm. Arther is recorded as its Jninister, which office is now filled by the Rev. Robert Kirk.

The Scotch Church, in Blackett-street, was built Py a newly formed Presbyterian congregation, and opened on the 17th of May, 1822, It cost £1350, and will contain about 650 persons. The front of the structure is about to be taken down, and rebuilt with hewn stone, in order to make it parallel with the other buildings in the street, towards the expense of which alteration the corporation -have agreed to contribute £100. The Rev. John Smellie, the first minister-of this church, died in 1825, and was succeeded by the Rev. John Lockhart, A.M. A school-room is attached to the north -end of the building. : The High Bridge Chapel was built by a number of Scotch Presbyterians, in 1765-6, for the Rev. James Murray, who was not ordained to the pastoral charge by any presbyteiy, as he held that every congregation was at liberty to adopt such modes of government as should seem most conducive to their religious im- provement. The Rev. Robert Feiesus, the present minister of this chapel, was, however, ordained by the Newcastle Presbytery in 181}.

The Scotch Relief Presbyterians® have a chapel in the Castle- -garth. This co tion appears to have been originally formed by the famous Thais Bradbury. Their register of baptisms commences in 1708, but the date of the chapel is not known, though the lease of the ground on which it stands is supposed to have been purchased of the corporation, about the year 1705. It is evident that the congregation must have expended nearly two thousand pounds in erecting the chapel and minister's house, with 'the extensive premises adjoining ; but the lease of the ground hav- ing by some means got into other hands, the congregation were not only deprived of the benefit arising from the premises, but were obliged to pay an annual rent of thirty pounds for the use of the chapel and parsonage house, until the year 1814, when they purchased the chapel for six hundred pounds, and converted the wings into dwelling-houses, so that it will now only accommodate four hundred and fifty hearers, though, previous to this alteration,

® The law of patronage, in the kirk of Scotland, was established by Act of Parliament, in 1712, by which the right of choosing ministers was taken from the people, and given.to the crown, the universities, the magistrates of towns, and the principal heritors or proprietors of parishes. This involved the church in continual storm, and gave rise to that species of dissent called the Relief, which only differed from the Scotch Established Church by maintaining the right of choosing their own pastors.

- Scotch Presbyterians - Society of Friends. laoxd

PSI SETPOINT 5 Sal EEA NEES Das elaine it would seat about eight hundred. The Rev. James Arthur has officiated as minister of this chapel since the year 1814. | _ United Secession Churches.* - The United Secession Church, in Carliol street, is a beautiful stone structure, erected in 1823, at the cost of £1,430, by the congregation of burghers, which ap- pears to have been formed about the year 1760. Their first meeting-house was situated near to the Sallyport-gate, but, being found too small for the accommodation of increasing numbers, the present commodious edifice was erected, which contains sittings for & congregation of eight hundred persons. The Rev. John Smith has been minister of this congregation since the year 1784, and he is now (1827) assisted in his pastoral labours by the Rev. Adam Daweon Gillon.

There are also two congregations of anti-burghers in New-

castle, which sect also belongs to the '+ United Secession". from the kirk of Scotland. A chapel, in the street called the Close, has been occupied by the oldest of these societies ever since the year 1751. It was re-built in 1764, and its present minister, the ° Wn. Syme, was inducted in 1791. In 1801, about one hundred persons, having separated from this church, formed themselves into & new congregation, and being recognized by the General Associate Synod in Edinburgh, they for some time assembled in the Carpenters' Tower, and, in 1808, purchased a spacious dwelling. house in Clavering-place, which they used as a meeting-house until the year 1822, when it was taken down, and the present commodious chapel erected on its site, at the cost of £1,020 ex- clusive of the old materials. Two school rooms are attached to the chapel, and also a house, in which the Rev. James Pringle resides, who,. during 8 period of twenty-two years, has officiated as the spiritual teacher of this congregation. The Society oF Frienps' Meeting-House situated in Pil- grim-street, was built in 1805, and considerably enlarged in 1822. A Society of Friends, (commonly called Quakers,) appears to have™ existed in Newcastle ever since the Commonwealth, when they met with great opposition from the clergy and magistrates of the town, but were more kindly treated by the people of Gateshead, as appears from the journal of their founder, George Fox, who first came here in 1657. See page xxx. : :

SwEDENBORGIANS. - The New Jerusalem Temple is a hand- some stone building, situated in Percy-street ; it was erected in 1823, at the expense of £1,221, by the followers of Emanuel

© 'In 1732, four ministers were deposed by the General Assembly, for de- claiming against the relaxation of discipline in the Established Church. These ministers formed a court, under the designation of the '' Associate Presbytery, and were soon joined by other seceders. In 1745, a dispute arose amongst them respecting the lawfulness of taking the Burgess oath, proposed to candidates for the freedom of certain royal burghs, and which admitted that the national church held the true religion. Those who thought the oath lawful were called Burghers, and the other Anti-burghers. The nion of these two sects took place in 1820, when the basis of union was settled by an United Associate Synod, in Edin- burgh. The ministers of the Secession Church are regularly educated, and ad- here to the doctrine, worship, discipline, and government of the Church of Scot- Jand." - Mackenste's Newcastle, page 392.

kext Swedenborgians - Unitarians - Burial Grounds.

Swedenbory, a Swedish nobleman, who diéd in London, in 1772, and whose tenets were promulgated in Newcastle before 1770, asin that year the Tabernacle,* in Lisle-street, was built for the use of this congregation. The Rev. E. D. Rendell is the present minister.

Unitantans..The Unitarian Chapel, in Hanover-square, was first openéd in 1727. It was built by the congregation which hed formerly a meeting-heuse between the Closegate and Skinneruburn. In 1797, a small society of Unitarian Baptists, united with this-con- gregation, their numbers having been so much reduced as to render them unable sas ci their own chepel on Pandon bank. The pres sent chapel is ted to accommodate 600 persona, and the vestry contains a small library for the use of the members. In the list of ministers who have officiated at this chapel, are to be found she names of several eminent divines, amongst whom may be entmer- ated Dr. Gilpin, Mr. Manlove, N. Fancourt, Mr. Bennett, Mr. Rogerson, and Dr. Hood; the latter of whom was suocedded by the Rev. Dr. Wm. Turner, who, since the year 1782, has continued to exercise the pastoral function in this chapel, to the great batidfaca tion of his hearers. .

Besides the before mentioned religious sects, there are in New. castle a few Jews, Universalists, and Free-thinking Christians, but they do not possess any public places of worship.

Burial Ground. - The Ballast Hills, near Ouseburn-bridge, have, for nearly a century, been nsed by the Dissenters, and the poor of all denominations, in this town and neighbourhodd, as a place of sepultare. The ground was enclosed by public subsoripa tion, in 1786, im which year there were upwards of four hundred burials; and the average annual number of interments in this cemetery, since 1820 to 1825, is five hundred and ninety -nina The ground consists of about three acres; the corporation receive sixpence for each interment, and have the appointment of the sex- Bee ne Sample,) who lives near to the entrance

Burial G in Pércy-stréet, formerly used bythe wealthier peonkss of pia dai penned in St. Andrew's Re ry.) early as the year 170 t was some years sold for building ground, and be of it now forms the Campus Mer tise of the scholars belonging to Mr. Bruce's academy.

© Now converted into s dwelling-house.

CHAPTER VI. RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS.

The Sunday School Union Society - Bible Society - Ladies Branch Bible Society - The Tyne Union Committee - The Newcastle Bible Association - Religious Tract Society Wesleyan Lending Tract Society - Unitarian, Friends, and Catholic Tract Societies - Misstonary Socisties - The Bethel Union Society.

The Societies in Newcastle, which have for their object the

dissemination of religious knowledge, are

- The NMeweastle-epon-Tyne Sunday School Union Society, estab- lished in 1818, for the purpose of encouraging the religious in- ~ struction of the poor, by instituting and supporting Sabbsth Schools, has in connection with it, in the counties of Durham and Northumberland, no fewer than one hundred and eight of these useful seminaries, where upwards of 12,000 children receive in- struction from about 2,000 gratuitous teachers. - To this Society Mr. J. R. Wixisown is the Secretary.

The Bible Society was instituted in 1809, to co-operate with the British and Foreign Society, of London, in promoting the distribution of the Holy Scriptures. Subscribers of £1 1s. per annum are considered members, and those who contribute £5 5s. yearly, are admitted as governors. The affairs of the Society are conducted by 20 laymen, assisted by three secretaries ; but the governors, the clergy of the Establishment, and dissenting ministers are, however, allowed to vote at the meetings of the mittee. A general Annual Meeting is held on the first Thursday in Decem- ber. Since the formation of this Society and the country Asso- ciations, 17,863 Bibles and 15,773 Testaments have been distri- buted. The depositories are at Mr. James Finlay's, and at Mr. Geo. Richardson's ; W. 8. Batson, Esq. is the present Treasurer.

The Ladies of Newcastle have alsoa Branch Bible Society, which was formed in 1819, and has since its commencement cir- calated 2,333 Bibles and Testaments, and remitted £250 to the Parent Institution. Mrs. Priestman is the Treasurer » and Misses

and Batson and Mrs. Aydon are the Secretaries.

The Tyne Union Commitiee, during the year 1826, visited one hundred and sixty-eight ships, and distribated forty-five Bibles and twenty-eight Testaments.

The Newcastle Bible Association, instituted in 1813, has for its

object the circulation of the Holy Scriptures at home. During the first four years it distributed 1191 Bibles, and 886 Testaments, and received £775 4s. 3id. It has now ceased to act, though it bas not been formally dissolved. d The sa ae Tract Society, established in 1810, circulates the tracts of the Parent Society, in London, and has for its objects the diffusion of religious knowledge, and the promotion of mo- rality. The annual subscriptions generally amount to £45. The depository is at Mr. J. Finlay's, No. 5, Mosley-street.

The Wesleyan Lending Tract Society was formed in 1825, and now circulates weokly ry iid religious tracts, which are

g

lxxiv Religious Institutions.

distributed gratuitously by upwards of 160 persona, who visit the abodes of the poor for that purpose. Mr. Thomas Brunting and Mr. John Daglish are the Secretaries. -

The Unitarians and the Society of Friends have each a Tract Society ; the first was formed in 1813, and the latter in 1812,

The Catholic Religious Defence Seciety, formed in 1813, cir. culates tracts, which coasist chi of selections from the writings of the most celebrated authors of the Roman Catholic Communion, showing the real principles and practices of that persuasion.

Missionaky. SocigETIES. - The nature and operations of Missionary Societies are too well known to require any explanation,. and on this subject it is merely necessary. to nays that the Mission. ary Society of London, the Baptist, the Church, the Continental, and the Methodist Missionary Societies have each of them an auxili-

here.

Phe Methodist Missionary Society was instituted in 1814, it com. prehends ten circuits, viz. Neweastle, Sunderland, Durham, North and South Shields, Hexham, Gateshead, Alston, Alnwick, Berwick, and Wolsingham.. On behalf of these sqcieties, Mr. C. Wawn, the District Treasurer, remitted to the Parent Society, in 1826, no less than £1505 98. 3d.

The Newcastle and Gateshead Church Missionary Association was formed in 1817; it includes ten Branch Associations, at Bishop Auckland, Cramlington, Durham, Earsden, Houghton-le- Spring, Jarrew, Staindrop, Stanhope, Warkworth, and Whitting- ham, which collectively, for the year ending March ,1826, transmitted tothe London Society £320 &. 3d. The Right Hon. and Rey. Lord Decies, is President; William.Chapman, Esq. Treasurer; and Mr. J. R. Featherston, and: Mr. T. Balle, Secretaries.

The Auritiary to the London Missionary Society was estab- lished in 1796, and during the year 1826, remitted £111 to the Parent Society.

The New Missionary Society of Young Men, formed in 18165 ; and the Kemale Missionary Association, established in 1817, are alsuv auxiliaries to the London Society. a ee . The Auxiliary Baptist Missionary Sopicty, instituted in 1 is composed of subscribers at Newcastle, Shields, Sunderland, ants ley, Bromley, Hamasterley, Tottle Bank, & & Mr, J. L. pee, is Treasurer ; and the Rev. R. Pengilly, and the Rev. J, Williamson, are the Secretaries. The ion, including donations made in 1825, amounted to £330; of which sum £2398 was remitted to the Parent Society. | bs ___ The Ladies' Continental Society was formed in 1825; and in ee i gery amounted to £23 lds. 3d.

@ Moravian Missionary Sodiety has also a few subecribi ies in Newcastle. 4 sb. a

Society for promoting Christianity amongst the Jews formed in this town, in 1824,.as an auxiliary to the London So- ciety, to which it remits annually about £70. Mr. Wm. Chapman is the Treasurer ; and Mr. D. Akenhead the Seoretary. . a

The Scotch Preabyterians in Neweastle, established in. March, 1827, a Bible, Missionary, and School Society, which has already | received considerable support. The Rey, John Lockart, A.M. {o the Seoretary ; and the Rev. Hamilton Murrey the Treasurer.

Bethel Union - Grammar Schoo). lxxv

- The Bethel Union Society of Newoastle established in 1822, has for its object the religious instruction of seamen, whom it fur- nishes with Bibles, &c. The dissenting ministers of the town and neighbourhood co-operate in forwarding the benevolent intentions of this Union, by preaching to the sailors, either on board a vessel er on shore ; when, instead of a ball, a flag is hoisted to announce the time of public worship.

CHAPTER VII.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

Royal Grammar School - Charity Schools - Infant Schools - Sunday Schools.

The Royal Grammar School is of considerable antiquity, being founded by Alderman Thomas Horsley, who was Mayor of New- castle in the years 1526 and 1538; and by him endowed with lands, which he bequeathed in trust for that purpose to the Cor- poration, who added to the master's income a stipend of four marks annually. It was conducted in a building on the north east side of St. Ni Church.-yard, until the year 1599, when it was re- founded by Queen Elizabeth, and the establishment removed to its

nt situation, in the buildings formerly belonging to the bre- thren of St. Mary's Hospital, in Westgate-street, now called * the Spital." st Pree royal charter, it is enacted, that the masters and scholars be a body corporate in law, with perpetual succes- sion, common seal, and power.to purchase lands to themselves, and successors in fee simple, or for a term of years, provided they ex- ceed not the yearly value of £40. The impropriated, or great tithes of the parish of Bolam, in Northumberland, belong to this school, and its scholars are eligible to Lord Crewe's exhibitions of twenty pounds a-year, in Lincoln College, Oxford. Dr. Hartwell devised £10 per annum: for the maintenance of one of its scholars, in either of the Universities; Michael Smith, D.D. rector of Freckenham, in Suffolk, bequeathed in 1773 the interest of £200 to Emanuel College, Cambridge, for an exhibition from this school, which, from the respectability and attainments of its teachers, and the distinguished characters it has produced, has attained a very liigh and just celebrity. The seminary is at present conducted by four teachers, viz. the Rev. E. Moises, the Head Master ; the Rev. R. H. &cott, the Usher ; Mr. J. Weir, the Mathematical Teacher ; and Mr. James Lowes, the Writing Master, who have now, (1827) under their care about 180 scholars.* The sons of free burgesses pay a quarterage of 5s. each, and the sons of non-free- titen 158. each,+ which payments are divided equally between the

® Inchiding about one hundred children in the Writing Master's School, which is a pseparatory Sesainary, recently established by the Corporation. "+ + According to the charter of the Grammar School, Latix and Greek are to be taught gratuliously. ee (g)2 ' '

lxxvi St. Nicholas' Charity School.

second and third mastera: and the latter also receives 26. per quarter from each of the boys, in consideration of his supplying them with pens and ink. The Corporation also pay to the head master, an annual salary of £150; to the usher, £120; to the mathematician, £100 ; and to the writing master, £50. Among the most eminent personages who have received the rudiments of their education in this school, are, Bishop Ridley the martyr, Dr. Akenside, Colonel Lilburn, Lord Eldon, Lord Collingwood, and Lord Stowell; the three latter were pupils of the late learned and Rev. Hugo Moises, who was thirty-seven years master of this school. Within the last century and a half, the following dis- tinguished masters have presided here, viz. George Ritchie, author of '* Contemplationes Metaphysica," &c. &c.: Dr. James Jurin, publisher of an edition of '* Varenius's Geographi ;'' and Richard - Dawes, author of the "' Miscellanea Critica.' The Mayor for the time being, six Aldermen and Common council, are trustees. Cuapity ScHooLts. - Much to the honour of Newcastle, great attention is paid here to the education of youth, and espe- cially to the children of the poor. So general and persevering are the endeavours of the benevolent of all ranks to afferd instruction, that no child, however abject be the poverty of its parenta, needs to be destitute of that humble degree of learning to be obtained at the day and Sunday Schools established for gratuitous education St. Nicholas' Charity School was founded in 1705, by Mrs. Eleanor Allen, for forty boys and twenty girls, belonging to the parishes of St. Nicholas' and St. John's. By this lady it was en- dowed with an estate at Wallsend, at that time worth £61 19s. 6d. (now £250) per annum; and succeeding benefactors have aug- mented its revenues with bequests, amounting to £930, together with a yearly rent charge of £20. The trustees of this schcul are, the Mayor, and Vicar of Newcastle, the lecturer of St. Nicholas', and the morning preachers of All Saints', St. Andrew's, and St. John's, for the time being. The institution has been extended so a8 not only to educate, but to clothe forty boys and forty girls; and on leaving the school, the former are presented with the sum of 40s., and the latter with 20s., together with a Bible, Prayer Book, and the "' Whole Duty of Man." The trustees, in 1786, built new school rooms, and dwellings for the master and mistress, in the Manor chare ; but in 1821, the establishment was removed to the Clerical Jubilee School, which had just been erected by the clergy of the diocese, at the cost of £2300, in commemoration of the late venerable Bishop of Durham having attained the fiftieth year of his prelacy. This spacious structure is eighty feet long by forty broad ; it is built upon land given by the Corporation, on the south side of the Carliol croft. The school is now conducted on Dr. Bell's system of education, and affords instruction to 400 boys and 130 girls, who each contribute one penny per week towards. its expenditure. The clear annual revenue of this school, includ. ing the weekly pence, and work done by the girls, amounts to ubout £400. Mr. T. Charlton, ip the Master, with a salary of £80, and Mrs. Baxter, the Mistress, with a yearly atipend of £40 ; they are also each of them provided with a honsaraiia @ supply of s. Eighty children are still clothed from the funds of the original endowment ; but education is afforded to all who chogse

Charity Seboots. lzxvii

2) participate in the benefits of this manificent and useful estab- Nebment. The Archdeseens 'of Durham and Northumberland, and the Vicar of Neweastle, are trustees of the building.

St. Andrew's Charity School at Back Walls, Newgate-street, was founded by Sir Willtam Blackett, and endowed by him in care hero Letter hl of nel eee ii ied for educating and

rent poor ' tm. Blackett, the son of the foundet, . it che neal pa cay arse to the funds for the pa 8 » and have since been augmented as) pee hegactes: of £00 froin MyeTobe Hewitt, and Aubone Burtees, Eeq. Thirty-four boys are now clothed at the cost of about £80. per annam, and their teacher, Mr. James Cook, has a yearly stipend of £30. In 1792, 8 mew school room was erected, and eadowed by vuluntéry contributions, for educating and cloth- ing forty poor girls belonging to the parish of St. Andrew. 'Phe funds of this institutlen, which at present amoant to £536, are aidéd by annual subscriptions, and an occasional sermon at the parish church. Mrs. Jane Beaney, the Teacher, has a walary of £20, and the profit of the work done by the girls. The governors are, the Vicar of Newcastle, and the churchwardens of St. Aundrew's.

AL Saints' Charity Soheol, in Manor-place, was founded by veluntary: subscription, in 1769, and now affords gratuitous edu- cation and clothing to forty boys and forty girls; the former are taught reading, writing, and accounts ; and the latter reading, and the use of the needle; They are allowed to remain at this school until the age of fourteen years, when they are put out to service, and have presents, similar to those given to the children on leaving St. Nicholas's school: The numerous benefactions to this valaable charity, amount to nearly £2,500, and the annual sermon for its benefit produces upwards of £20. The present teachers

i = Ht : = i # : : i

from EUison Place to Ridley Place: this pti ae a £44 aanually, which, tegether with £10 paid for reat of two oot. tages in Vine-tane ; the interest of £100, bequeathed by'Mrs. All- good ; and £15, received frene five incorporated companies, forms the yearly certains: revenue p Mathes tery pe Loe ev heed consi- augmented subscriptions, and an: versary 'sermon. The Heit of the eae the Mayor, and Vicar of Newcastle, and the afternoen lecturers of All Saints, St. John's and St. Andrew's, are the governers of this Charity, which st present clothes and educates 20 boys, who have each, on leaving the sohool, an appren- tice fee of 40.:and three religious books. Mr. William Wood is now the Master, - ws St. Awn's Chapel Sehool, in the New-Road, was erected by the: tion in 1688, and is kept in repair, and partly sup- i the town's: revenues, About 100 children at present

;

lxxviii Charity. Schoels - Infant Schools.

and the governor of the Hoastmen's Company, and is vested in trust with the curate and lecturer of All Saints, and four other entlemen.

Hanover-Square Chapel Charity School, in which 15 boys are clothed and educated, was founded early in the last century. It is, with the exception of £100 left by Mrs. Airey ix 1769, sup- ported by annual subscriptions. A donation of one guinea entitles to the nomination of one scholar incase of vacancy. Mr. Rigg is the present Master. ,

The Trinity House School, in Trinity Chare, erected in 1712, and rebuilt in 1753, was founded by the master and brethren of the Chica} Geren for the ipetetion of the children of the poor brethren of that fraternity, in writing, arithmetic, and mathema- tics. It is at present conducted by Mr. Andrew Tinwell, who has a yearly salary of £80: his pupils are generally apprentices, who attend for the attainment of nautical know

The Royal Jubilee School, in the New-Road, was instituted in commemoration of his late majesty King George III. entering the 50th year of his reign. The first stone was laid on the 4th of June, 1810; it is a spacious and elegant building, erected at the cost of £2,194 18s. from a plan furnished by Mr. Dobson. This laudable and excellent institution is supported by liberal subscrip- tions, and is appropriated solely to the edueation of the poor, on the Lancasterian system of mutual instruction. No less. than 3680 boys have received the benefits of this Charity School, of whon 462 still remain under the tuition of the present master, Mr. C. F. Springmann, who is allowed for his services a y. salary of £120. Tn 1822, a library was formed in the school, for the use of the scholars in the first class. The annual subscriptions to this charity, for the year ending April, 1826, amounted to £219 14s. 6d.

Royal Improved School for Girls, in Croft-Street, was erected at the cost of £1000, and opened in 1814. It was instituted by & committee of ladies, with the Duchess of Northumberland at their head, and is supported by annual subscriptions, which for the year ending in May, 1826, amounted to £109 4s. Od. About 200 girls at present receive instruction in the school, and no fewer than 2,000 have been admitted since its commencement. Miss Isabel Watson is the mistress, with a salary of £70 per annum, out a iors she remunerates an assistant teacher.

he Carpenters" Tower School for Girls is su the Wesleyan Methodists, and now affords Halide! i sf s spelling, and sewing, to about 150 children, who contribute ld. each per week ; but those who are taught writing and arithmetic, pay an additional 4d. weekly. The school is conducted by Mrs. Margaret Hownam.

The Union Day School for Girls at the Forth Walls, was

opened in 1822, under the united patronage of the congregations ing to New Court, Zion, Postern, Clavering Place, and Toothill Stairs Chapels but any person who chooses to subscribe, may, for every donation uf 4s. recommend one pupil, There are 100 children in the school, who each contribute 2d. per week to. wards the expenses of the establishment, which is superintended by Miss Margaret Thompson. The Infont Schools, at the Orphan Howes, in Northumber. .

i

Day and Sunday Schools. lxxix

land-Street, and at the Sally-port, were established for the recep- tion of children between the ages of two ag rpeebieg ny structed on the ingenious system, introduced by Messrs. Wilderspin and Wilson, the former of whom now conducts a large infantine seminary in Spitalfields, London. These institutions enable the labouring classes, for the payment of a weekly sum of 2d. per head, to send their young children to a place of safety during

experience a gradual development of their bodily and mental powers. Mr. James Urwin conducts the school at the House - and Mr. James Kirk that at the Sally-port. They have generally about 300 infants under their care.

SUMMARY OF DAY AND SUNDAY SCHOOLS For THE EpUCcATION OF THE Poox.

Besides the ample provision made by the benevolent in- habitants in this town, for the education of the children of

Sabbath? of attending to civil or religious instruction. Sunday Schools were first established in Newcastle about the year 1784, since which period they have rapidly increased, and there are now no less than twenty-one in the town and its suburbs, affording instruction in. the humble branches of learning to 3838 children, which number, added to the 2131 boys and girls attending the thir- teen day-echools, supported chiefly by charity, swells the grand aggregate to 5969, of whom 269 are also clothed from the funds of the several charities, already described. The following is a list of. the Sunday Schools, showing the respective amount of

LIST OF SUNDAY SCHOOLS IN NEWCASTLE AND GATESHEAD, Marcn 1627.

© Sea soocmnt of the Meveastip hameday Schoo) Union Society, st page bxxill.

CHAPTER VIII. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.

Infirmary - Dispensory - Hi of Recovery - Lying-in Hospitals Bye Infirmary - Leck Haigital=el aman Asylum, §c:

The Charities in Newcastle, for the relief of the poor and afftioted, are numerpas and mronificent; and, at the head of thoes instituted for the purpose of healing the sick, both in i and seniority, stands the Infirmary, which was founded in 1761, '* for the sick and lame poor of the counties of Neweastle, Dur. bam, and Nerthumberland" This house of mercy, where the skill of the ablest practitioners is united to the advantages of pure air, and proper food and medicine, in effecting the recovery of the objects ef its bounty, arose out of the ashes of a smadl society of benevolent individuals, who wished to leave behind them Senne lasting memorial of the friendship and philanthropy that had existed amongst them ; they, therefore, on the suggestion of the late Mr. Ri¢hard Lambert, an eminent sargeon, and one of their bedy,. determined to establish an Infirmary, an object which promised the greatest portion of general benefit. The want of such a publio hos- pital having been for a long time apparent in the town, the gener. ous flame soon spread, and on the 9th of February, 175), a public subscription was spiritedly commenced, and.on the 21st of the fol.

ng month, a house, fa Gallowgate, was obtained and furnished 86.8 temporaty Infirmary. The annual subscriptions soon amounted to £1,200, and on the Sth of September, the first stone of: the. present Infirmary was laid on the Forth bank. This commodious arid handsome edifice was fished in October, 1752, at the cost of £3,000. It stands in an open, dry, and elevated situation, at a short distance from the town and from the river Tyne; the grounds belonging to this establishment are convenient, and come. mand a pleasing prospect of. the adjeining country. The bui were considerably enlarged and improved in 1802, for which pur- pose the sum of £5,329 was subscribed : great attention has been paid to the interlor arrangement, and no hospital in the kingdom poesesseq & more complete provision, in every respect, for. the objects of its care. Bince its commencement, to the 3ist of March, 1826, né less than 59,877 patients have enjoyed its healing and have' been cured of their respective diseases; whilst many others have been greatly relieved. During the past year it restored to health 1,477 persons. Its average annual number of in-patients z ad eight hundred, and of out-patients seven hundred; and ts yearly expenditure generally amounts to upwards of £2,600. The tnecibaties is directed by. the Bishop of Darhaun tel ia called the "' Grand visitor," by six presidents, six vice-presidents, . sis: - stewards, and by subscribers of two guineas tf or 'donors of twenty pounds, who are considered governors. Four physicians and four surgeons attend ratuitously. Mr. James Church is the resident surgeon andé $-BMr. N. I. Winch the secretary,

Dispensary - House of Recovery, &c. luxxi

the Rev. John Tyson the chaplain,* and Mrs. Eleanor Pattison is the matron. Subscribers who commenced their contributions prior to 1807 may, for every sum of one guinea, recommend one in- patient, or two out-patients; but persons who did not become sub- scribers till after that period can only recommend one out-patient for one guinea, or two out-patients, or one in-patient, fort that sum. In cases which do not admit of delay, persons are taken into the house, without any recommendation w er, and at any hour of the day or night; but all other petients are admitted on Thurs- daysonty. The revenues of the Infirmary arise partly from funded property, but chiefly from annual contributions, and donations, and they are generally equal, and often superior to the disbursements. The governors hold a quarterly court on the first Thursdays in January, April, July, and October.

The Di , at No. 7, Low Friar street, was instituted in 1777, and has for its object the administration of medical and sur- gical aid to all diseased applicants, and the promotion of vaccine inoculation. From the year 1801 to 1826 no fewer than 20,385 children have been inoculated at this establishment; and, since its commencement, 113,936 lame or sick persons have participated in its benefits, of whom 108,626 were completely cured. In alight casualties the apothecary is empowered to give immediate relief, but patients who are likely to remain for some time on the sick list, must 'obtain a subscriber's recommendation previous to their admission. According to the last report of the institution, the expenses for the year ending Michaelmas, 1826, amounted to £671 2s., and the re- ceipts to £672 lls. 2d., which, including a balance of £421 4s. Id. from the accounts of the preceding year, left in the hands of the treasurer £422 136. 3d. he Duke of Northumberland is patron, and the other officers of the establishment consist of six presidents, four vice-presidents, a committee, a treasurer, secretary, five phyg, sicians, a surgeon, and a resident apothecary. The latter office is filled by Mr. James Wilkie, who visits such of the sick at their own homes as are not able to attend at the Dispensary, provided they live within the limits of the town. The annual meeting is held on the first Wednesday in October.

The House of Recovery, in Bath-lane, was erected by sub- scription in the year 1804, at the coat of £1,800, for the reception of persons afflicted with febrile diseases; and, since its establish- ment, it has frequently been the means of arresting the progress of contagious fevers in this town, and its vicinity. Annual sub- scribers of one guinea, or donors of ten guineas, or upwards, are governors of the institution; but the medical officera are alone allowed to determine on the Ad ated of admitting patients. The physicians and of the Dispensary attend this house daily, and wupply clas paiasnea' with medicine at the expense of that insti- tution.. Persons are admitted who are rorehhaae Artie of Set by two. shillings day, and providing own medicine, pe elles Aetath Mra cf matron, and Mr, John Hall inspeo- tor of the house. eee . The Lying-in Hospital is a neat stone edifice, situated in New Bridge-street. It was built in 1826, at the expense of yh Dee Infirmary Chapel add Burial, Ground were comsscrated in 1754.

ixxxil Eye Infirmary - Lock Hospital, &c. £1,556, and is, as its name imports, an asylum for poor married

inary cases. charity was first establishéd in 1760, in a small building, in Rosemary-lané, since which year it has relieved 3,450 patients, at the expense of upwards of £11,000. Here is also an Institution for the, Relief of Poor Lyng-in Married Women, at their own Houses, which wat commenced in 1761, and has, since that period to January, 1826, extended its benefits to 8,738 poor women : it is chiefly supported by ladies, and, according to the reports of the charity, its annual subscriptions and donations generally amount to about £160.: Several midwifes are employed by the subscribers, and a physician and two surgeons attend gratuitously in all cases when their aid is The Rev. William Turner is the secretary, and Mr.

Joseph Morton treasurer.

The Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye, at 11, Pradoe-street,

was opened in 1822, by Messrs. T. M. Greenhow and John Fife, its resent sur who, being sensible of the great utility of a public itution for the benefit of persons labouring under the malady of a diseased vision, took upon themselves the charge and expense of opening this Opthalmic Infirmary, which is now sided by the annual subscriptions of a few benevolent individuals, and, in 1894; it received a legacy of £100 left by the late Richard Jones, Esq. The income is not at present adequate to the expenditure, but it fs hoped that {ts usefulness will sdon be more generally known to the public, and that it will not long want that pecuniary support which is so justly merited. From the commericement, to March, 1826, no fewer than 3374 patients: have been admitted, of whom at were oured or greatly relieved. 'This Infirmary is open ev onda Tuesday, Tharedsy and Saturday, and all' applicants ret eae without any recommendation. Mrs. Scott is the matron. :

The Lock Hospital, in Castle-street, for the relief of the most miserable class of human beings, whom poverty and disease have rendered outcasts, was established in 1814, It is much to be re- gretted that its funds are not adequate to the expenses of a Peni. tentiary, wherein the wretched prostitute might be secured from relapsing into her former habits. A few, however, of the ufor- tunate applicants for medicinal aid have béen sent, at their own desire, by the governors, to the Magdalen Asylum in Edinburgh, and a small annual sum is remitted for their support. Mrs. Sarah Leconby is the matron of the hospital. Two surgeons attend daily, and a aoe when required.

"The Lunatic Asylum stands in a retired situation in Bath-lane ; it-was built by subscription in 1767, for the reception of 8 afflicted with the most dreadful malady incident to the wanes frame. It was, till the year 1824, successively under the care of na Hall, ye eee an arate tala but, tas the decease of the

tter gentleman, the corporation the only surviving original subscribers, made considereblé alterations aa additions oo the hospital, and let it, at a small annual rent, to N. T. Smith, M.D., by whom the establishment is now conducted. It contains aceom.

Lunatic Asylums - Baths - Almshouses. loxxili modations for 80 patients, and is surrounded by spacious courts for exercise and recreation in the open air. Every part of the house is freely ventilated, and well lighted; warm and cold baths are provided for the use of the patients, and stoves are placed in the lower apartments, in order to preserve a proper degree of warmth in the winter season. <A part of the building is appropriated for the reception and maintenance of pauper lunatics, at the charge per week of 9s. 6d. for males, and 9s. for females; several of the wards are set apart for persons who can afford to pay for superior accommodations. Mr. I. E, Wilkinson, the superintendent, is as. sisted by three male keepers, and five matrons.

Bellegrove Retreat, situated between the Leazes and the Town moor, is a private asylum for respectable persons labouring under mental derangement. It is fitted up in a very elegant manner, and contains every necessary accommodation. The patients have the use of extensive gardens, and are allowed to indulge in various amusements, in order to enable them to pass their time as agreeably as their unhappy state of mind will admit, and no restraint is imposed upon them, except such as is necessary for their personal safety, This institution is the property of Dr. 'Stepher nson, and is at pre. sent under the superintendence of Mr. Wm. Magall.

There are also two Private Asylums at Gateshead Fell, one of which is situated at SheriffAid, and the other at Wreckinton ; Mr. John Orton is proprietor of the former, and Mr. Jacob Goul. den of the latter.

The Public Baths, in Westgate, though not a charitable found. ation, may fairly rank amongst the medicinal institutions. They were first opened in 1781; and are pleasantly situated in a grove or garden, the walks of w aes are tastefully fringed with a variety of curious shrubs. Visitors may be accommodated with the water either in a hot, cold, or tepid state. Here are also vapour and shower baths. They are the property of G. T. Dunn, Esq.; and Mr. Wm. Harvey is the superintendent.

CHAPTER IX.

'ALMSHOUSES, SOCIETIES, BENEFACTIONS, &c.

Jesus Hospital - Blacketfs and Davison's Hospital - Peace and Unity Hospital - Virgin Mary's Alms House - Keelmen's Hos- pital - Society of Keelnen on the River Tyne - Seamens' Fund Soviety of Clergymen's Sons - Fund for Widows of Protestant Dissenting Ministers - Association of Protestant Schoolmasters - Clerks Soviety - Society of liberal Tradesmen - Catholics Friendly Society - Benevolent Society - Friendless Poor Society - Indigent

"Sick Society - Strangers' Friend Society - Clothing Societies Soup Kitchen - Benefit Socteties - Benefactions - Savings' Bank

Jesus' Hospital, in the Manor Chare, claims precedency in this class : it 'was erected ahd endowed by the corporation, in 1681, and - two years afterwards was incorporated by the name of the Master

lxxxiv Hospitals and Almshouses.

Brethren and Sisters of the Hospital of the Holy Jesus, founded at the charge of the mayor and burgessses of Newcastle, for the sup- port of the poor and aged freemen and freemens' widows, or their sons and daughters. In 1683, the founders endowed it with a house and garden in the Close, and an estate at Edderly, in the county of Durham, which cost £2,310, and in 1675, with another estate at Whitle in Northumberland, the purchase of which amounted to £1,300 ; these being found inadequate to the intended purpose, were sold in 1716, and the Walker estate purchased in lien of them : unfortunately this purchase was contrary to the statute of Mortmain, and the estate was forfeited to the crown, but was re- covered in 1724, by Mr. Carr, the then parliamentary representa- tive of this town, and was restored to the corporation for the purpose of "* providing a sufficient fund for the maintenance of the poor of this hospital for ever," There are at present forty- two pensioners on this charity; they have each a yearly stipend of £13, and an allowance of coal and clothing: they are also paid 12s. annually from Miss Buck's Charity, and Is. 3d. yearly from other legacies. The building is three stories high, and of the length of 704 yards, with piazzas ornamenting the lower story, and the convenience of a fountain of water in front.

On the east side of the green opposite to Jesus', or as it is commonly called the Town's Hospital, stands Blackett's and Davi- son's Hospital, a neat brick edifice, forty-one yards long, erected by the corporation in 1754, for the reception of the pensioners of Sir Walter Blackett's and Mr. and Mrs. Davison's charities. In 1726, Anne, the widow of Benjamin Davison, bequeathed a legacy of £940 for the perpetual support of six widows of protestant clergy- men, merchants, or freemen ; with this sum an annuity of £55 was purchased of the corporation, payable out of the Walker estate. In: 1754, Sir Wm. Blackett, Bart. bequeathed £1200 for the mainten- ance of six unmarried poor decayed burgesses of Newcastle. In the same year, Thomas Davison, Esq. of Ferry-Hill, in the county of Durham, and his two sisters, gave £1200 to be applied to the support of '' six unmarried women to be daughters or widows of burgesses."" The eighteen pensioners belonging to these charities have each a comfortable apartment in this building, and a weekly allowance of 5s.

The Peace and Unity Hospital, in Westgate, for the recep- tion of forty infirm burgesses or their widows, was erected by the corporation in 1814, after the peace of Paris. Its inmates have each 8 yearly stipend of £13, and an allowance of fuel. Itis a neat stone building, in the monastic style, of a quadrangular form, and has a paved court in the centre.

Virgin Mary's Alms House, in Pudding Chare, is the asylam of six poor infirm men, who have each an allowance of 2s. 4d. per week, and a supply of coals. - See St. Mary's Hospital, p. kx.

There 4re also four pensioners, who receive alms from the ample funds of St. Mary Magdalen's Hospital, vide p. lxi.

The Alms Houses at the Trinity House, are described with the account of that institution, at a subsequent page, they are inha- bited by twenty-four pensioners; and there are also eighty out- ao penaoners who receive a weekly stipend from the fraternity's

e

Keelmen's Hospital. ieee

Koelmens' Hospital, in the New-Road, was built in the year 1700, at the cost of £2,000; {it is a square brick building, and has rather a monastic appearance. The keelmen are first mentioned as a body in 1539; in 1697, they had a charitable fand, to which, in 1690, they each contributed fourpence a tide; and in 1700,* petitioned the common-council for a piece of ground to erect a hospital upon. The lease was taken in the name of the governor, wardens, and fraternity of hoastmen, for the use and benefit of the keelmen. The building was soon completed, it contains fifty-four chambers, besides a large one in the south front for general meet- ings ; the area or court in the centre measures 83 feet by 97}. After many ineffectual attempts to place this institution under pro- per regulations, an act of parliament was obtained in 1788, by which its funds are in future to be managed. The weekly allow- ances to sick and superannuated members, specified in the bye- laws subjoined to this act, are as follows : -

To Widows without Children, «-----0-sescecercessesercecees To Widows baving Two Children, «++----scssssecveceseees To Widows having more than Two Children, ---+-.--+++-+-

Members unable to work in the keels, may follow any other employment; but if their earnings amount to 4s. per week, or up- wards, their allowance from the society's fund is reduced according to the following scale : -

tf Bernings emoval to To receive from the Fuad. 4s. a week, and under 5s. ----..-- Ss. 6d. per week. Ss. a week, and under 6s, «---- -> 2s. Od. per week 6s. a week, and under 7¢. ------:- ls. Od. per Week. 7s, @ week, and under 8. -++----- to receive nothing.

8s. or more, to pay 6d. per week to the fund.

__The penny levied on each chaldron of coals having become in- adequate to the claims of the several pensioners on the socisty's

cietenlic Petree is now their secretary. The late Alderman Simpeon bequeathed £100, the interest ef which was to be divided amongst ten of the oldest keelmen in this hospital.

" The Guardians of the Society of Keelmen on the Rwer Tyne,"

© In 1704, theme wore 400 keals employed oe thatriver Tyne, inthe coal twade, snd about 1600 keelmep. | Fae sett

lxxxvi Society of Keelmen, Seamen's Fund, &c.

had, in January, 1827, no fewer than 377 claimants on their funds, of whom 146 were superannuated members; 180 widows, 13 orphans, and 38 sick. In the year |1826, their disbursements amounted to £2,389 15s. 6d., and their receipts to £3,114 Os. 2d., leaving a balance of £724 4s. 8d. in favour of the fund. Mr. R. A. Dees is secretary to the society. ,

Seamen's Fund - The fand for the relief and support of al, maimed and disabled seamen, and widows and children of such as shall be 'killed, slain, or drowned," in the Merchant Seamens' ' Service, was established at this port, pursnant to an act of parlia. ment, passed in the 20th year of the reign of George II., by which '* the owners, masters, and commanders" of vessels in every port of the united kingdom, are empowered to elect fifteen persons to act as trustees, and to levy the sum of 6d. per month, to be paid out of the wages of all seamen employed in ships and vessels be. longing to their respective ports. The average annual receipts of this provident institution, for the port of Tyne, during the last ten years amounted to about £2,000, but this income is not now ade- quate to the wants of the claimants on its bounty, of whom there are at present (April, 1827) no fewer than 1,800. The contribu- tions are paid by the masters or owners of vessels, at the Custom- house. Mr. Nicholas Armstrong is the Receiver; and Mr. Thomas Smith, No. 14, Sandhill, is Secretary to the Trustees.

The Society of Clergymen's Sons, was formed in 1709, for the relief of distressed clergymen and their widows and families. In the same year, a similar society was established for the two dean, eries of Alnwick and Bamborough ; and in 1725 the two institu. tions were united. After this union, it ually included the whole of the diocese of Durham, with Hexhamshire, and its anniversary meetings are now held on the first Thursday in September, alternately at Durham and Newcastle. The Bishop of Durham is president, who, with the vice-presidents and sub- scribers of one or two guineas a year, form a court for the m ment of the funds. Ten stewards regulate the public meetings. The receipts in 1826 were £1065 10s., of which sum £130 arese from the interest of £3,250 vested in the corporation; the dis. bursements in the same year amounted to £1,054 8. 8d. The lay steward for the Newcastle district is the Treasurer, and the Rev. Robert Green, M.A. the present Seoretary.

The Fund for the Widows of Protestant Dissenting Ministers is supported by annual subscribers of £4, £3, and £2 each, and their widows are each allowed an annuity of £20, £15, or £1 acco to the amount of the contributions which have been to the by their deceased husbands. In 1826, the belonging to this provident institution amounted to upwards of £9,000, and the yearly contributions to £140. The Rev. Wiliam Turner is the Seorstary. ti

The Association of Protestant Schoolmasters residing in the counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, Durham, and West« moreland, and in the towns of Newcastle and Berwick, was formed in 1774, for the purpose of providing a fund for the support of sick and infirm members, or their widows and orphans. It is composed of four classes of subscribers, namely, those of 3s. 6d. of 5s. $d. of

- - - - - $ - $_ - - - - _ - - - _ - - - - - es Clerk's Society, Liberal Tradeamen's Society, &c. lexxvii

7s. and of 10s. 6d. per quarter ; the first class is charged an entrance fee of £1, the second £1 10s. the third £2, and the fourth, £3. Bub. scribers cannot derive any benefit to themselves or their families, until they have contributed for four years to the society's funds, when in case of need they are relieved yearly according to the following poalaie oe |

££.» ad £. 4. d. £84 Ist Class 10 8 0 To Widows 5 @ 0 To Orphans 2123 0 Bd ccee 1B IZ @ coccevccevee TF UO O coveeveccecs 338 0 3d GO 16 OO cccccccnccce 10) 3. 0) cscs secs 540 4th 98 0 (0 US8i09 Ov~ececcessce cc 716 0

A general meeting of the members is held ann on Whit- Tuesday ; the institution is under the patronage of the Duke of Northumberland ; the Rev. Wm. Turner, is president, the other officers are a vice-president, a treasurer, and a secretary. The funds, in 1826, amounted to about £2,000; in which year it was assisted with £45 17s. in annual subscriptions; with £7 13s. 6d.; in benefactions, and the whole year's receipts amounted to £255 9s. 63d. and the disbursements to £167 36. 7id. The num- ber of members is at present, (March, 1827) fifty-four; and there are eighteen superannuated members, and a number of widows who receive annuities from the fund.

The Clerks' Society, established in 1807, is restricted to 150 members, who are principally persons in trade, and those employed as clerks, or principal servants, who by the payment of an entrance sum, varying according to the age of the members, from six to fifteen guineas, and an ainual payment of a guinea, make a pro- vision for themselves in sickness and old age, as well as for thei widows. Roprere to the provisions of the Act, this society con- stituted i into a Savings' Bank, prin the ni fogermeys * the Tyne Side Savings' Bank,'' whereby realize the entire interest of £4 his. 3d. ee cent. upon their stock, which at the anniver- sary meeting, in 1826, amounted to £6,914 8s. 64d.

The Liberal Society of Tradesmen, instituted in 1791, is a= provident society, consisting of members, who pay on their ad- mission, £8 8s. and afterwards a quarterly subscription of 10s. The sick or blind receive 10s. per week for one year, and after- wards the former have 7s. and the latter 8s. per week during the continuance of their infirmities. A legacy of £100, or an annuity of £20 is paid to their widows. There are at present about eighty members, and in 1826, their stock amounted to about £3,000.

_ The Catholics have also a Friendly Society, which was formed in 1823, and now consists of 130 members, who have associated for mutual support, in case of sickness or infirmity.

The Benevolent Soctety for visiting and relieving the sick and distressed poor, since its institution in 1807, has distributed about £2,150, in the relief of upwards of 2,600 indigent families; and, in the course of the year ending 1826, it dispensed the sum of £90 amongst the distressed objects of its bounty. Its funds are under the direction of a committee ; and the abodes of the wretched are sought by the visitors of the suciety, who administer pecuniary aid to necessitous families, or individuals according to their various degrees of poverty and it Mr. C. N. Wawn isthe Presi-

lxeexvili Charitable and Benefit Societies.

dent; Mr. J. Fenwick, Treasurer ; and Mr. W. A. Hails is the of this Society. The Friendless Poor Society was formed in 1797, the:

lief of the poor who do not receive parochial aid. It is chiefly pa- tronized by Dissenting Ministers, and is supported by voluntary subscriptions, and a quarterly sermon preached in its behalf. Mr. J. Annandale is the present Treasurer.

A Society for the Relief of the Indigent Sick was formed in January 1827 ; and during the first two months of its existence received donations, amounting to £200, and signatures for annual subscriptions to the amount of £130. The Mayor, for the time being, is President; the Rev. R.-H. Scott is Seoretary; and Wm. Chapman, Esq. is the present Treasurer. |

The Strangers' Friend Society, established in 1821, at the Zion Chapel, for the relief of the sick and distressed poor of every religious denomination. The subscriptions, in 1826, amounted to £21. The Rev. R. Gibbs is the President ; Mr. E. Hammond the Treasurer; and Mr. J. Jefcoate, Seoretary.

The Soviety for Clothing Distressed Families, formed in 1815, is managed by a committee of ladies. The apparel supplied by this society is nearly all wrought by the fair hands of these daughters. of charity. During the first five years of this institution, 1869 ar- ticles of dress were distributed amongst 578 families.

The Friendly Society is also a clothing charity, it was insti- tuted in 1811, by a few members of the Society of Friends. The subscribers ns the Girls yas School have likewise a fund for. clothing the indigent. A ilar society of young ladies also pro- vides a portion of clothing for the poor guringl the evarity of ' winter.

Soup Kitchen. - During the fluctuations in the price of provi- sions, and the demand for labour, a Soup Kitchen is oocasionally opened for the relief of the poor: It occupies part of the Old Poultry Market, in the High Bridge, and is now, (March, 1827) open every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, when 389 gallons of soup are sold at the rate of one-penny per quart.* This useful establishment is supported by the subscriptions of the benevolent.

BENEFIT SOCIETIES.

There are, in Newcastle and Gateshead, about 165 Benefit So- cieties, which, altogether, comprise not less than 10,000 members, who reside in the town and surrounding villages, and pay monthly contributions to their respective funds; from which they are allowed, in case of sickness or infirmity, from six to eight shil- lings per week, for two or three months; but, if they should be disabled by a lingering disorder, or superannuated, their weekly allowance is reduced to 2s. or 28. 6d. for life. Forty or fifty shillings generally are allowed for funeral expenses, and widows have each a legacy of from £5 to £10. No fewer than 117 of these provident societies have deposits in the Savings' Bank, which, in

® The ingredients used in making 110 gallons of soup are, 120lbs. of beef, 75lbs. of barley, G0ibs. of peas, 11Ibs. of onions, Sibs. of salt, and 8 02. of pepper.

Benefit Societies.

levxix

Noveaiber, 1826, amounted eollcctively te £31,161 14s. 10d. Many of them have also money vested in the hands of the corporation, for pec eta tere cont. interest. The following is, we

believe, nearly a

LIST OF THE BENEFIT SOCIETIES

IN NEN'CASTLE.

All Trades, Harmonious,

Ancient Masonic, Hope Life Box,

Benefit Society, House Carpenters,

Renevolent, Independent Friendly,

Benwell Society, Independent,

Brothers, Indastrious,

Rrotherly Joiners,

Brown Jug, Joumeymen Cord wainers,

Brunswick, Keslmnon,

Burial Club, Liberal Tradesmen,

Cabinet Makers, Love and Unity,

Corvers, Loyal Independent

Denton Box, Maltsters',

Disabled Seamen, Mariners'

Elswick, Masonic, (No. 895) falkirk, Masons,

First Friendly, Mat Makers,

Second Friendly, Miners, Second Free & Easy John's Moulders, Thisd Fres & Easy John's North Briton,

Patts Box,

Printers,

Provident,

Rising Sun,

Royal Jubilee, Noval Veteran, Seotewood, Shipwrights', Shipwrights' Union, Paap Union, Shoemakers' (Mens) 2 Sociable,

Smiths',

St. John's,

St. Michael's, Stone Cellar, 'Tanners,

'Tallor's Box, Tailors' Qourneymrn) Tynestreet Society, Unanimous,

United Trades, United Brotherly, United Friendly, Union Rena, Union Brotherhood, Universal Triendly, Viewers'y

Wategeo, Willaeton,

Yeang Man's.

lw NEWCASTLE.

North Shore Society,

Peace and Unity,

Queen Caroline, (Ohree of this name)

Rising Sun,

St. Ann's,

Tyne Society,

Waterloo,

Women's Box,

Women's Monthly.

Crown Glas Makers, Christmas Box, Free Gardeners, Queen Caroline Benevolent.

Flax dressers, North Masonic, Friends Benefit Neweastle Union, Friendly, Odd Fellows, (United) Friendly Independent, Odd Fellows, Gardeners, {ree} Old Friendly, General Scotch, Old Waggon, Generous Friendly, Orange Lodge, (4th) Glass Makers Fund, Orange Lodge, (09) Glass Makers, (Crown) Orange Lodge, (Select) Glasshouse Bridge, Pheenix, Guod Design, Pilotsand Fishermen, Good Intent, (there are six Pitmen's (two) of this name,) Potters, WOMEN'S BENEFIT SOCIETIES, Benevolent, Female Benefit, Byker Hil, Union, Female Senefit, Civil Women, Good Hope, Concord, Hope, Dent's Hole, Honourable, Female Friends, Independent, Female Friends, Jublice Box, Flourishing, Love and Uptys Friendly, (No. 3) Mother's Sqn ttys Friends (Cisi) Mother's BS Friendly Sisters, Monthly "und, SOCIETIES IN GATESHEAD. Amicable, Friendly Benefit, Anchorage, Friendly Association, Female Big Box, Geo. IV. Female Society, Female Little Box, Half Moon, Female, Female Friendly, Hawks' Tradesmen,

Female Benefit, (h) 3

Benefit Societies_ - _Benefactions.

The North Shields Seamen's Loyal Standard Association, established in 1824, and consisting of 2,500 members, has a branch in Newcastle. By the accounts for the year en January, 1827, it appears that the unemployed members of the istle division had received relief during the- preceding year to the amount of £729 136. 9d. ; the payments to the sick in the same division amounted to £91 16s. ; passage money to £12 10s. ; and various other expenses to £90 16s. 4d. exclusive of funeral money, ship- wreck money, and wages advanced to members on account. - Vide North Shields.

There are also about fifty Annual Benefit Societies in New- castle, the members of which usually contribute one shilling per week, and the amount for a year is paid back every month toa certain number of the members, who cast lots for an early receipt. Three-pence per week is paid for the support of sick mem and at the termination of each year the stock is divided. These So- cieties comprise at least five thousand members, and pay in benefits about £1,600 yearly.

BENEFACTIONS.

In addition to the numerous charities, and benevolent institu.

§

Annual

Benefactors. Vatee,

oe

John Rumney «..-+-+.5.0. 210 George Collingwood ...... 20 Henry Holmes ....++.0.00 6 0 Nicholas Ridley, Esq.---.-. 1 0 JOR BOCs sscc0s cs retcacdas 6 0 Robert Fenwick ........ - 40 Matthew White, Esq.-.--.. 1 10 Isabel Wrightson ....- +0000 2 10 William Harrison (£150)... 7 10 Margaret Ramsay (£20) 1 6 Edward Potts (£90) ...... 1 0 Ann Handcock (£50)...... 2 10 John Scalfe (£20) -....-.- 10 Thomas Leamon ........+. 3 0 Mary Buck (£100).......5 4 0

4 Total ccccosnces £68: 2

Ssh

Benefactions - Savings' Bank. me

2 pee

ST. ANDREW'S PARISH.

need

Aarwal ° & : 1640 Henry Hilton......060+-. +. 4 Ol 1716 Leabet Wrightson (£50)... $10 1640 Robert Anderson -.....-... 5 ©! 1718 Richard Gibson, (£30) --.- 1 10 1644 Sir Alex. Davison...-....-. 2 0| 1721 Wm. Harrison (£50)-..... 210 1648 Dr. Aldworth.-..-..scceee0. 1 0] 17384 Jane Clavering (£50)...... #10 1660 William Carr.....-..-0000. 1 3 Mery Johnson and

1675 Thomas Davison .........- 1 9 Mitchell ....+...c00 eoese } 0 1680 Sir Mark Milbank .--.-.-- 3 | 1764 John Scafe (£90).......... 126 1680 Sir William Blackett --..-- 2 0 Out Rents -.-...cscccccecs 13 18 _ Margaret Allgood (£100)-- 5 0 From Town's Revenue -.-- 4 0.

1694 John Rumney ...-.....---. 2 10 1694 Timothy Davison ---....- 10 Total .......... £76 16

1705 Sir William Blackett, Bart. 20 0

ST. JOHN'S PARISH.

1644 Sir Alex. Davison..-... sooo 2 Of} 1722 William Harrison...... soos 210 1644 Sir Thomas Davison ..-... 1 0 Mary Johnson ...........- 0 4 1648 Dr. Aldworth..-..+-++0+s.+ 1 ©] 1734 Jane Clavering ....... eoeee 210 1660 William Carr......-....... 1 32 Margaret Rameey......-... 2 0 1675 Thomas Davison..-...-..-. 1 6 Margaret Percival ........ 37 1680 Sir Mark Milbank -3 0 Thomas Hindmarsh ...... 10 1680 Sir Wm. Blackett ........ 2 0 Robert Percival, (a house). -90 0 1604 John Rumney .....-.-+-.- 2 10 George Mallaber (£50) -... 2 10 1604 Timothy Davison eeceses «1 6 Anthony Proctor, Esq. coon 9 QO 1710 Nicholas Ridley -......... 1 0 Winey 1716 Isabel Wrightson ....-.-.-. 210 Total cscs oo £35 15

1716 Matthew White, Easq.----- -1 0

ST. NICHOLAS' PARISH.

1344 Sir Alex. Davison --.-.. o» 2 0 John Atkinsomessccccccess 210 1644 Sir Thomas Davison ---.-- 1 O[ 16 Matthew White-. ---..... 1 10 1648 Andrew Aldworth -..-...- 1 0] 1716 Isabel Wrightson..-....... 2 10 1860 William Carr, Esaq.-------. 310 Leonard Weathey--.....-.. 10 1675 Thomas Davison ..--..--+- 2 3 Rd. Randal (£7) 07 1677 Mark Milbank .--+++-++0+- 3 0| 1721 William Harrison.......-.. 210 1680: Sir Mark Milbank ~....... 6 0} 1785 Ann Davison......-+-.++-.190 0 1060 Sir William Blackett ...... 2 0 ecocccee 2 Q . _ John Jefferson ---.-+- coors 2 0 James Cawood -.. coro LQ 1694 John Rumney .«-.:-----+-- 210] 1735 Jane Clavering .....-.--++6 210 1694 Timothy Davison --....-. 1 5 nereeae Jane Brockelsby Snes carats 40 Total - oes. oovee- L868 15

1710 Nicholas Ridley ...-... -- 110

@ An annuity of £18; left to St. Nicholas' Parish, together with the bequest

of Eliz. Rogers, value £2 i0s.; £5 per annum left by Robert Anderson, and a' bequest of £33 Ge. 8d. by Robert Ellison, appear to be irrecoverably lost.

'fnvestment for: the sa'

The Savings Bank, for the town and county of Newcastle. is a provident institution, which affords a beneficial of the humbler classes. It was esta-

blished on the 10th -of January, 1818, and, on the 20th of Nov. 1826, the deposits amoufited to £196,514 8s. 9d. The number of individual depositors was 3508, and of friendly societies, who have

rs

xcij . Litevary and Philosophical Society.

invested a portion of their funda, there were 117. The bank occupies stone building at the Bridge-end; it isopen for business every a neat Seturday from 12 to 1 in the afternoon, and from 8 to 9 at night. It is ath: open from 10 till 2 on other days, for the purposs of auditing the depositors' accounts. Four per cent. interest is allowed on the deposits, which is payable on the first Tuesday in December, or, if suffered to remain, is added to the principal It is under the management of nine trustees, a treasurer, @ secretary, three auditors, tweaty-four directors, an arbitrator, and an actuary. . The latter office is filled by Mr. Archibald Bolam; James Losh, Eeq. is the arbitrator, and. James Potts, Eeq. the treasurer. The Newoastle Repository opened in 1823, at No. 4, Mountain's - court, Pilgrim-street, is now managed Mrs. Pearson, and ig. under the patronage of the Duchess of Northumberland and the. ladies of Newcastle and its vicinity. It affords an opportunity to industrious females to dispose of the product of their labours, and, if required, without their names being wn, articles of clothing, . and fancy work of every description, are received at the itory, where twelve ladies attend every Saturday morning, from 10 to 12' o'clock, to receive the work and to approve the prices. A per cent- age, amounting to 1d. in the shilling on all the articles sold, is ap-. propriated towards the support of the establishment. ; ;

~

CHAP. X. LITERARY, &c. INSTITUTIONS.

Liserary and Philosophical Society - Antiquarian Society - Horticyl-. tural and Botanical Society - Mechanics' Institute - St. Nicholas' Public Library - Northumberland Institution for promotion of the Fine Arts - Medical Library - Subscription and Circulating Li- brarics - New Rooms - Newspapers and Periodicals.

The Literary end Philosophical Society, for whose use an ele- gant stone edifice has recently been erected in Westgate-street, opposite the end of Collingwood-street, was formed in 1793. The leading objects at that period were, the discussion of the several branches of polite literature; inquiry into the situation and pro- perties of the mineral productions of this neighbourhood, and eluci- dation of the sciences applicable to commerce. Antiquities, local history, biography, literary intelligence, nautical inquiries, . &c. were also within the range of its intended pursuits. At the first. general meeting of the members, they empowered the committee to

books for the purpose of facilita their literary and phi- cal investigations, and so considerable has been the em sive increase of this library, that it now contains upwards of 9,000.

Institution, was associated with the and Phi Societ Y, under the patronage of the Duke tere terres consists of a permanent lectureship on the several branches of

appara chased, and a yearly salary of £50 is allowed for the iecturer, whi office is at present ably filled by the Rev. W. Turner, one of the

AS g i 3 $ F 4 Ey | ; 8, E 5

contributing 1s. towards the expenses of the establishmen are permitted access to the library gratuitously for one moath, on condition of their names being previously inserted, by a member, in the book kept for that purpose. The society consists of 720 ordinary, and several honorary members. Its affairs are managed by a presi- dent, four vice-presidents, two secretaries, and a committee of eight tlemen, who are annually chosen out of the ordinary members. r. John Hudson is the librarian. The reading-room and library are open from 10 in the morning until 10 at night. The anniversary meeting of the subscribers is on the lst Thursday in March,

The Newcastle Antiquarian Society, formed in 1813, holds its meetings in the hall of the Philosophical Institution. It was estab- lished for the promotion of inquiries on agtiquarian subjects, espe- - cially those of the North of England. It consists of ordinary, cor- responding, and honorary members ; the day of meeting is the first Wednesday in every month. This society possesses a cabinet of coins, a museum of antiquities, and a library suitable to these studies. An admission fee of two guineas is paid by the ordinary and corresponding members, and the former contribute one guinea

sident.

The Horticultural and Botanical Society, instituted in 1824, holds an anniversary meeting at the Queen's Head Inn, in Newcastle, in the March assize week. C. W. Bigge, Eeq. is the president,. John Anderson, jun. Esq. treasurer, and Mr. W. Falla, jon. and G. A. Lambert are the secretaries of this institution; intended for the prometion of these useful and elegant pursuits.

'The Northumberland Institution, for the Promotion of the Fine Arts had its first annual exhibition in a room in Brunswick- place, on the 23rd of September, 1822, when many excellent

i from artists of first rate talemt, were exposed for the inspection ef the public. Similar exhibitions are held annually. Edward Swiaburne, es the president; Mr. T. M. Richardson, treasprer, oad. Mr. H. P. Parker, secretary. Though Newcastle. holds a distinguished rank in the patronage bestowed on the fine arts, still this institution does not possess an appropriate building, bet-is je in contemplation to erect one. Sn

The Newcastle Mechanics' Instituée, consisting of about five hundred members, was opened, under very favoureble auspices, in

xciv . St. Nicholas' Library - - Medical and Lew Libraries. 1934, in an apartment in St. Nicholas' Church-yard, but, in July,

1826, was removed to its present situation, in Bell's-court, New: gate-street. The object of this valuable institution is to dis. seminate scientific knowledge among the operative classes, fer the attaimment of which an extensive library? has already been accumu- lated, which is now under the care of Mr. Edward Fail, who attends for the receipt and delivery of books every evening from seven

Besides the above, there are several other public subscription libraries in the town, amongst which may be enumerated those attached to the chapels in Hanover-square, Brunswick-place,

by the '* Newcastle and Gateshead Law Society," which was-. formed in 1826, for the purpose of preserving tee het area and. supporting the credit of attornies and solicitors, to promote fair and ape Pee ae atch abuses in the profession, Here. are likewise a num troulating Libreries, which are chiedly- kept at the shops of the booksellers. : '

There are four Subscription News Roome in the town, weil

® About 3,000 Volumes.

News-Rooms - Newspapers - Theatre-Royal, &. xev

sepplied with London and country pa and, at the Exchange Rooms, veveral of the most noted oreign Journals are taken. Subscribers to the '"' House of Assembly" and the Exchange News Rooms pay an admission fee of five guineas, and an annual eub- ecription of two guineas. There are about one hundred and tem sabscribers to the former, and three hundred and twenty to the latter. The other News Rooms are at No. 35, Mosley street, and at No. 39, cy evarca ac ener eahar pa Ce eedt assitey Wews Room," and is supported by ninety annual subecribers of

on? The period | periodical press of Newcastle is chiefly confined to the whioh, taken chronologically, rank as follows : - r aie Ric nid abe netic ereaat ciaeroda Ree lished by Edward Walker Pilgrim-street, on S. le shed. Angust let, 1711. rte cae - - «The Newoastle Chronicls* published by Thomas and James 21, Union-street, on Saturday. Eetablished March 24th,

1764 ' The Tyne Meroury, published by William Andrew Mitchell, * Bes Nicel Church yard, on . Established June st,

. The Newcastle Magazine, published by W. A. Mi 23 Bet Nicholas Chaired surdsfmcathiy: z Sadie -. The Racing Calendar, and the "* Newcastle Memorandum Book, and Register of the Northern Counties," published annually, wo Tbe Sdloctars pab

S published Mr. William Dr > every Saturday, by Boag,

© The " Courant' and the "' Chronicle," though dated on Ssturday, sre des patched into the country in the course of Friday.

s

CHAPTER XI.

PLACES OF AMUSEMENT.

Theatre Reyal - Assembly Rooms - Racket Court - Racts - - The Cir- ous and Riding School - The Forth.

The Theatre Royal is a neat brick structure, situated in Mos- ley-street. The front is ornamented with a piazza, adorned with festoons and dramatic emblems. It received the royal license, in virtue of an act of parliament, obtained in 1787, and was first opened on the 2let of January, 1788, with the comedy of the 66 Way to him," and the '*Sultan."? Among the performers Be ato unden, and Whitlock. The structure was erected by 130 proprietors, at the cost of £6281 17s. 6d. It is, in length, 120 feet, and in breadth 54 feet ; the gallery will seat 800 persons, the pit 200, and the boxes 350, which, at the usual prices of

xcvi Assembly-Rooms - Races - The Forth, &c.

admission, will produce £112 10s. It is usually open four months in the year, and also during the assize and race-weeks. The house is brilliantly lighted with gas, and, in the primary objects of dis- tinct sound and vision, beauty of form, chasteness of decoration, and general comfort, is not surpassed by any provincial theatre in the kingdom. Mr. Thomas Smale is secretary to the proprietors.

The Assembly Rooms, in Westgate-street, form a very ele- gant structure, built by subscription, at the expense of £6,700, in the year 1776. The front of this monument of the taste and liberality of the gentry of the town and neighbourhood, is adorned with a colonnade of six beautiful pillars, and two handsome cor- responding wings. The interior is said to be more commodious 'than any other building of the kind in the kingdom, except the House of Assembly, at Bath. The great ball-room is 94 feet long, 36 feet broad, and 32 feet high; it is lighted by seven glass chan- deliers, and, when filled by the beauty and fashion of this district, the coup dai? has a very imposing and pleasing effect. The build- ing contains spacious card, tea, and supper rooms. In the saloon are two superb mirrors, and a much admired picture of Sir John Falstaff, Mrs. Ford, &c. by Downman. A subscription news-room is also attached. Mrs. Mary Brodie is the keeper of the rooms.

The Racket Court is situated behind the Assembly Rooms, and may be approached either from No. 93, Newgate-street, or from Westgate-street. Tt was built in 1823, at the cost of £3,000, and is the property of sixty shareholders. It is one of the most elegant and complete establishments of the kind in England. Be. sides the Racquet-court, which is sixty-one feet long, and thirty- two broad, the building contains two handsome billiard tables, and & bath, supplied with warm or cold water. The subscribers, of whom there are at present eer 1827) about fifty, contribute one guinea annually, and they and the proprietors have each the privueee of introducing strangers to the use of the court and

illiard rooms for one month, C. J. Bigge, Esq. is the treasurer ; Mr. T. W. Keenlyside, the secretary; and 4) the court.

The Races are held annually, in the first week of July, on the Town moor, about one mile and a half north of the Exchange, where a commodious grand stand was erected in 1800. This course, which is two miles in circumference, was first opened in 1721, the races having been previously held on Killingworth moor, at the distance of four miles from the town. Mr. William Lofthouse is clerk of the course.

The Circus and Riding School is a spacious brick building, situated in the Forth. It was erected by the corporation, in 1789, and has been occasionally the scene of public equestrian exhibitions, but is now used as a Riding School.

.. The Forth is a pleasant and healthy promenade, forming a large square area, surrounded by a gravel walk, planted: on each side with lime trees. It is situated on the summit of a steep ascent, which rises from the Tyne, and commands an extensive 'view of both sides of the river. It was opened as a public walk in 1680, in which year the wall was built, and the-trees planted

round it, at the expense of the corpora t Su

ames Grant keeper of

CHAPTER XII. COMMERCIAL EDIFICES & INSTITUTIONS, &c.

The Exchange - The Quay - The Custom-House - Esciss Office - Land and Assessed Taz Office - Pilot Office - Assay Office - Stamp Office - Post Office - Chamber of Commerce - The Banks - Markets - Fairs.

The Public Buildings in Newcastle for the purposes of trade and commerce are generally well adapted to their respective uses ; they consist of

The Exchange, on Sandhill, which is a spacious stone structure, containing the Exchange, Subscription News-Room, the Piazzas of the Exchange, the Guildhall or Town-Court, the Mer- chants' Court, and the Offices of the Town Clerk : was erected . in 1658, on the site of the old Exchange, which Leland, about the year 1540, described as '' a square haul place for the towne," built by Roger de Thornton, the opulent and munificent merchant. The architecture of the present edifice isa mixture of the Gothic and Italian styles, and in its original state was a superb erection, but having undergone many external alterations, its original form and appearance have been considerably changed and enlarged : at the east end, where the Maison de Dieu formerly stood, a fine semicircular structure has recently been erected at the coat of £7,000 ; this is orna- mented in front with eight massive Doric pillars, and the basement forms a convenient fish market. A bronze statue of Charles IT. stands at the foot of the stairs, leading to the Guildhall, where the assizes, quarter-sessions, and other courts of the town and county of Newcastle, are held in a spacious and magnificent hall, the floor of which is laid with chequered marble, and at the west end, over the magisterial bench, are full length portraits of Charles II., James II., and George III. - At the east end of the hall is placed the portrait of Admiral Lord Collingwood, etiining which are whole length paintings of Lord Chancellor Eldon an Lord Stowell. The Exchange and News-Room occupy the ground floor: at the east end of the Piazza is the grand staircase leading to the Merchants' Court, which is placed immediately over the Fish Market.

The Quay, where the shipping receive and discharge their cargoes, is a convenient wharf, 541 yards in length, Adaprex! from the bridge, along the left bank of the river. Mr. Geo. Fothergill is the Quay-Master, and W. Brown is his Deputy.

The Custom-House is a plain brick building, situated near the middle of the Quay; it was erected in 1765, and does not now afford that accommodation which the increased business of the port requires, it is therefore in contemplation to erect another of dimen- sions more suitable to the commerce of the port, and combining interior convenience with architectural embellishment. Ta the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the annual stipend of the oollector amounted only to £43 6s. 8d., and that of the comptroller to £14 ;

(i)

xcviii Officers of his Majesty's Custome.

which, with the sum of £4 divided yearly amongst four inferior officers, formed the list of salaries paid at that period for the collec- tion of customs in this port.* The officers of the in-door department attend for the transaction of business, from ten till four o'clock, and the out-door officers from eight till four. Three holidays are observed during the year, viz. - Christmas-Day, Good Friday, and his Majesty's Birth Day, together with all general fasts and thanks- giving days.

OFFICERS OF HIS MAJESTY'S CUSTOMS, BELONGING TO THE PORT

OF NEWCASTLE IN 1827.

CoLuEctor, James Edgcome, Esq., Summer-Hill Grove : Clerks in his Office ; .

1st, Mr. John Bowman, 5th, Mr. John Corbett, 2d, - Thomas Scott, 6th, - Thomas Reed, 3d, - John Forster, 7th, - - Jas. Methuen.

4th, - John Barnet, Comprrotiea, Thos. Gibson, Esq., Chimney Mills. Comptroller's Clerk, John Richardson, Villa Place. Inspector-General ef the Out-door Department, John Pitts, Esq., 104, Pilgrim street.

FOR THE WAREHOUSE DEPARTMENT.

CompTrRoLLine Surveyor, Vacant.

Clerle in his Office, Mr. Thos. Ord, Forth Terrace. WaREHOUSE-KeereR, Ralph Gibson, 5, Ridley Villas. Clerk in his Qffice, John Maxwell (Six Lockers.)

WATERSIDE DEPARTMENT.

Lanxpine Survgyors, Mr. Charles Marshall, 2, Loraine Place ; and Mr. John Raynar, (acting.) JeRQueR, Mr. Jacob Ord, 2, Albfon Place. Rsoistrar, Mr. George Walters, Strawberry Place. Messenger to Ditto, John Gardner.

SEARCHERS, LANDING AND Coast WAITsRS : - Scarcher, Mr. Robert Dees, Russell Court ; - Laxding Waiters, Myr. Banister Lupton, New Pandos- Street; George Forster, Saville Court; Elijah Galloway, 7, Brunswick Place; George L. Miller, Villa Place, and George Witt, (acting) ; - -Coast Watter, Mr. Russell Brown, New-Road.

Clerk to Searcher and to Tide Surveyor, Lawrence Hewson; h. Forth. Guacsr, Mr. Robert Armstrong, 16, Brunswick Place, One Appointer of Weighers, One Cooper & Packer, and Two Weighers. Resident Door-Keeper and Messenger, Mrs. Barbara Emmereon.

WATER GUARD DEPARTMENT.

. Tipm Surveyor, Charles Brown Bell, 8, Manor Chase. rn : Nine Tide Waiters, and Two Boatmen.

OFFICERS AT THE OUT-STATIONS. At Nogtu SHIELDS : - Mr. Charles Cockerill, Principal Coast Qficer ; - Edward _ Wilson, John Innes, and Robert Laing, (acting), Tide Surveyors ; - John ' ' Longridge, Searcher and Coast Waiter ; - Ten Tide Walters, and Twelve : Boatmen. At Howvow Pans :- - Mr. Jackson Wray, Tide Surveyor and Coast Waiter ; there are also Four Boatmen.

* Peck's Detsderata Curiosa, Vol. 1. ib. II. p. 4, ano 1732.

Excise, Pilot, Tax, Assay, and Stamp Offices. xcix

ae ae At Birt : - -Mr. Wm. Coppin, Princtpal Coast Officer ;- - Mr. Michael Martin, Tide 3 aod Two Boatmen. At Sarton Sivics : - Myr. John Lisle, Coast Waiter.

The officers for the receipt of the Corporation, Lights, and Greenwich Hospital Dues, attend at the Custom-House. Rectivers of the Corporation Dwes, Mr. Robert Pinckney, Leases Road ; and Mr. John Pitt Scott, Manor Chare. Recewwer of the Harbour Light Dues, Mr. John Tousey, Westgate-Hill ; ; Clerk to Ditto, George Watson, Villa Place. Receivers of the Trinity Light Dues, James Edgeome, and John Pitts, Esqrs. ; Clerk to Ditte, Mr. P. Gibson, Westgate-HilL Receiver for the Seamenf Fuad, Mr. Nicholas Armstrong.

The Exoise-Office is situated at No. 35, Pilgrim street, and this important branch of the public service is under the direction of the following officers : -

CouiEctror, John Fox, Esq., New Road. Collector's Clerk, Mr. William Fore. SoPpgERvisons : - Ilst Dist., Mr. Edward Graham ; - 2d Dist., Mr. John Lowes ; - 3d Dist., Mr. Robt. Dinor Long ; - Gateshead Dist. Mr. John Craig. ; Port Survgsror, Mr. George Cartner. Exroar Orricens, J. W. Marr, R. J. Fisher, W. Jenkins, & C. F. Robinson. Psamit Wairsne; Thomas Wear, James Bavenlock, Thomas Attlay, W. Bowney, and J. Manning. Be* Gffice hours, from nine morning till five efternoon.

The Ptlot-Offce, at No. 35, on the Quay Side, is under the direction of the Corporation of the Trinity House, who do not how- ever obtain any accession of funds from this source. Mr. Henry Shadforth is the Ruler of Pilots at Newcastle; Mr. John Thomy- son at Shields ; and Me. Thomas Banks at Whitby.

The Land and Assessed Tax Office, for N berland and Durham, is situate at No. 5, Quay Side: C. Blackett, Esq. is the Receiver-General ; and Mr. Robert Mackreth, the Inspector ; Mr. Francis Newby is Serveyor for Newcastle, and Castle and Tindal Wards, in Northumberland ; and Mr. Robert Forrest, of Gates- head, holds a similar appointment for Chester and Easington Wards, in the county of Durham. The Clerks to the Commis- stoners are Mr. John Adamson, for Newcastle and Morpeth Ward : Mr. P. Fenwick, for Castle Ward, Northumberiand ; and Messrs. Willis and Swinburne, (Gateshead) for Chester Ward, Durham ; Mr. Wm. Fryer is Receiver-General of the Land Revenues of the Crown for Durham and Northumberland.

The Assay-Office, at 12, Dean-court, Dean-street, was estab- lished in 1702, for the purpose of testing and marking the gold and silver articles manufactured in this town and neighbourhood. Mr. C. Dinsdale is now the Assay-master.

The Stamp-Office, is at No. 60, Wesetgate-street : John Reed, Eq. is the distributor for the town and counties of Newcastle and

, and for Castle and Tindal Wards in Northumberland :

Mr. G. H. Philipeon is the deputy-distributor. The office is open

from nine in the morning till four o'clock in the afternoon. Mr.

Wm. Heaton, on the Sandhill, is appointed sub-distributor, for the

convenience of the merchants in ai ie part of thetown. The i)2

a c Post-Offce - Chamber of Commerce - Banks - Markets.

Gateshead Stamp-Offce, in Church-street, is under the control of John Gregson, Esq. the distributor at Durham ; Mr. Michael Hall is the sub-distributor for Gateshead.

The Post-Ofice stands in a central situation, at the entrance to the Market-place from Mosley-street, where it has continued since the year 1789. In 1659, it was enacted, that ' a letter or pacquet post shall come once a week to Penrith, by way of Newcastle and Carlisle." Several matters of useful information relating to this department, both with respect to its foreign and inland communica- tions, will be found at page 130.

The Chamber of Commerce, established for the protection and regulation of the commerce of this port, holds its meetings in the Merchant's court, at the Exchange. Isaac Cookson, Esq. is the president ; A. Easterby, Thomas Fenwick, and B. Sorbie, Esqrs. are the vice-presidents; James Potts, Esq. is the treasurer; and Mr. Winch, the secretary; who, with the assistance of a com- mittee of twelve members, superintend the affairs of this association.

Banks.* - Connected with the commercial interest of New- castle are the four banking concerns, which, alphabetically enum- erated, are as follows ; - Backhouse, & Co., 18, Dean street ; Chapman & Co. 39, St. Nicholas' Church yard; I. R. Lambton and Ca., 52, Dean-street ; and Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart. Bigge, Gibson, and Co., 148, Pilgrim-street. The banking hours are from ten till three o'clock ; on market days from ten till four.

MarxeEts. - No town in the north of England can buast of better market accommodation than Newcastle: The New Butcher's Market, built in 1808, covers an area of 72 by 63 yards, and is arranged in four divisions, containing 153 neat butcher's shops, built of hewn free stone. At the north end of the market stands the White Cross, under which butter and eggs are exposed for sale. An edifice of this description formerly swod in Newgate-street. The narrow, steep, and winding street, called the Butcher bank, may also be considered as a fiesh market, heing inhabited chiefly by bueahers The Corn-Murket was formerly held in an incon- venient situation at the foot of Pilgrim-street ; but in May, 1812, it was removed to the spacious area on the north side of St. Ni- cholas' church, near to which is the street called the Groat-Market, where Oats and Bigg are exposed for sale. The Fish-Market, on the Sand-hill, is one of the most convenient and serviceable establish- ments of the kind in the kingdom. It was opened in 1823, and is well supplied with fish, brought from Newbiggin, Cullercoats, and Whitburn ; and, during the spring months, large quantities are brought from the coast of Yorkshire, by the five-men-boats. The Green-Market, for the sale of vegetables, &c.. is at the south end of the New Butcher-market. The Leather-Market House, at No. 9, High-bridge, belongs to the Cordwainers' company. The sale of this commodity does not take place, as might be inferred, every week, the periods of sale being at two well-attended leather fairs,

* Notes payable on demand were first Issued in Newcastle by the Pilgrim. street Bank, in 1755. In November, 1811, in consequence of the scarcity of sliver coin, Mr. John Robertson, of Newcastle, issued silver tokens of the value of 1s. 6d. each. He afterwards issued half-crown tokens: silver and copper tokens were also issued from Bewicke Main Colliery Office in Newcastle.

Markets - Faire...Charters. a

er held annually on the 18h of August and the 30th of ctober.

The Markets are held on Tuesday and Saturday, and are nume. rously attended by farmers, graziers, corn-merchants, and trades. mien of the surrounding country, especially the one on Baturday.

' Fatns. - King John granted to this town an annual fair, to be held on the vigil and day of St. Peter, ad vincoula, now called the Lammas fair. Its duration was extended by Edward II. from the Ist to the 28th af August, on condition that such extension did not

prove prejudicial to neighbouring fairs. Henry VII. Geek of

to Newcastle a fair to be held on the 18th of October.

these fairs now céntinues nine days. The first commences on the 1%h of August, and the second on the 29th of October. Woollen cloth, Staffordshire ware, toys, &c. are exposed, for nine days in succession ; on the first three of which the sale of hortes, cattle, and sheep takes place. A fair is also held for fat cattle on the 22d of November, on the Town-moor.

CHAP. XIII. CHARTERS, PRIVILEGES, MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT,

&ec.

Charters from 1087 to 1604 - Members to Parfiament - Corporation - Mansion-house - Revenue - -Incorporated Companies - -F ree Pastures - -Mysteries - Trinity-house - Shipwreck Association - Life-Boat.

Newcastle has been favoured with no fewer than 36 royal charters from various successive monarchs; and the following is an enumeration of them in the order in which they have been granted, from the reign of William Rufus to that of James I. : -

Year. Reign. Year. Reign. Year. Reign. 1087 «=9Wiitlam Rufus 1299 Edward I. 1485 Henry VII. 1160-35 Henry I. 1318 Edward II. 1490 Henry VII. 1163 Henry If. 1319 Edward IL 1510 Henry VIIF. 1232 John 1356 Kdward IIL 1516 Henry VIII. © 1235 Henry III. 1378 Richard II. 1348 Edward VL 1238 Heary III. 1391 Richard IL. 1854 Mary

1246 Henry III. 1400 Henry IV. 1557 Mary

1251 Henry HI. 1403. Henry IV. 1560 Elisabeth 1253 Henry III. 1423 Henry VI. 1581 Elizabeth 1292 = Edward I. 1441 Henry VI. 1588 Elizabeth 1290 Edward I. 1444 Henry VI. 1599 Elizabeth 1294 Edward L. 1483 Richard III. 1604 James I.

Several of these were merely grants, confirming former char- ters; it is, therefore, only necessary to particularize such as con- veyed any new immunities or extension of privileges.

As hag already been seen, Neon in the time of the

(i

at

cii Charters - - Exemptions - Avcient Seal.

Conqueror, belonged to the Crown, but was afterwards constituted a free borough by William Rufus, who granted it to the bur- geases, subject to a small yearly rent. Henry I. bestowed on the inhabitants various immunities, including an exemption from the ancient feudal customs of marchet,* heriot,+ blood-wit, and stenged- wit. Bya charter from Henry II. in 1162, they were exempted from paying tolls, passage, pontage, hanse duty, and every other impost, in all parts of the kingdom, upon goods which could be ascertained to belong tothem. On the 7th of February, 1200, King John raised the old fee-farm which had been paid for the borough since the time of Rufus, from £50 to £60 a-year; and two days afterwards he confirmed his father's grant. In 1212, he raised the fee-farm to £100 per annum, and exempted the burgesses from being answerable for any of their property to the sheriff of North. umberland; they were also, by charter dated Durham, Jan. 28, 1217, exempted from distraint, out of the town, for the payment' of any debt for which they were not chief debtors or surety; from trial by dual; from being judged of misrecordia money ;¢ from the payment of yeresgyne and sootale ;§ from customs unjustly levied in time of war; and obtained the privilege of traversing in the pleas of the crown ;" of holding justly their lands, tenures, recognizances and dehts; that pleas should be held in the town for all debts and

nizances lent or made therein; and that merchants resorting thither with merchandise, should be permitted to "stay in the king's peace, and in like manner to depart, after payment of customs become due."'

Henry III. who confirmed these grants, July 2, 1235, forbade that Jews should reside in Newcastle, and allowed the burgesses to work coals and stones in the Castle-field, and in the Forth ; he also ordained, in 1251, that a Mayor should be added to the four bailiffa of the town, and granted them the perpetual right of choos- ing their own coroners. The seal used by the Corporation at this period bore the following inscription : -

Commune Sigillum nobi castri super Cynam.

The town has continued to send two members to parliament, since the year 1282, when Edward I. summoned two of its '"' more wise and experienced citizens" to his parliament, at Shrewsbury. This monarch also confirmed the charters of the 18th and 36th of Henry III. and in 1299, he annexed the lands and tenements in Pampedon, (now called Pandon,) to the town of Newcastle. Edward II. ordered, that no purveyunces should be made in the town 3 and in 1318, he ordained by charter, that the burgesses should be free of toll, murage, and pannage, and have trials amongst themselves by their fellow-burgesses, unless in matters relative to the King, or community of the town - and that persons should not be lodged upon any of them against their will, except when the King should be there with his army, or the Justices itinerant on their circuit.

® Marchet, or the Malden's rent, was a payment due to the Jord of the manor in feudal times in commutation of his right with the virgin bride, on the marriage of a vassal's daughter. + Heriot, tribute to the lord of the manor for his better maintenance in war. + An arbitrary fine or punishment. § A bribe or reward to the king's, or other officers, for connivance.

Charters - Members of Parliament. aii

In 1319, he confirmed to the cared pafatage the conservatorship of the river Tyne. The third Edward, in 1856, appointed the mayor Escheator within the limits of the town, confirmed several bye-laws relative to the government of the place, exempted the borough from the jurisdiction of the Admiral, Constable, and Marshal of Eng- land, and from the Earl Warden of the Marshes; granted royal license for the acquisition of certain lands, issued an ordinance concerning the manner of choosing the Mayor and other officers ; and a patent respecting the measuring of coals.

Richard IT., in 1378, confirmed all former privileges; and in 1391, gave license for a sword of state to be borne before the Mayor ; and ceded certain portions of d for making roads and bridges. In the year, 1400, Henry IV. constituted the town with its precincts, a county of itself, and entrusted the government of it to Roger Thornton, Mayor, and William Redmarshall, its first Sherilf ; and instead of four bailiffs, created six aldermen, whom he invested with the power of Justices of the

In 1404, the King granted to the Corporation all fines, for-

Henry VI. granted them certain customs to be paid orery ship in the port. By a decree of the Star Chamber, in {61

was ordered, that, *' on the ancient day of election, each of the twelve ctafts should present two of their body, which twenty-four, after having been sworn, were to elect four who had been mayars, aldermen, or sheriffs of the town, who were to choose eight to themselves, which twelve were to elect other twelve ; which twen four were to choose a mayor, six aldermen, a recorder, a sheriff, eight chamberlains, two coroners, a sword-bearer, a common clerk, and eight serjeants at mace." A decree of the privy council, in 1557, increased the number of aldermen to twelve, and in 1599, Queen Elizabeth, after confirming the town's grants, gave to the burgesses, the GreaT CHarTER, which forms the basis of their present constitution, and cost them £634 10s. It was, however the charter of James I. that gave to the Corporation that form which it still preserves: and clearly pointed out the nature, and ex- tent of the jurisdiction of its magistrates, the privileges of the freemen, and the liberties of the town. The corporate body now consists of a Mayor, Recorder, Sheriff, ten Aldermen, twenty- four Common Council, twenty-four Electors, two Coroners, 8 Town Clerk, and Under-Sheriff, Sword Bearer, Clerk of the Chamber, eight Chamberlains, eight Serjeants at Mace, (in which number are included the Water Bailiff and Sheriff's Serjeant,) s Quay Master, Gaoler, Corn Inspector, Town Marshal, Town Sur- veyor, and Common Cryer; besides the Constables of the twenty- four wards of the town. | On the 9th of June, 1826, Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bart. of Blagdon, and Cuthbert Ellison, Esq. of Hebburn Hall, were re- elected to represent this ancient town and county in parliament.

civ Coxporation- - Mansion- House.

CORPORATION OF NEWCASTLE, 1826-7.

Mayor, Archibald Reed, Esq. Reeorder, Robert H. Williamson, Esq.

ALDERMEN. Robert Clayton, Esq. Isaac Cookson, Jun. Esq. Thomas Clennell, Esq. Benjamin Sorbie, Esq. Thomes Smith, Esq. Aubone Surtees, Beq. Henry Cramlington, Esq. Robert Bell, Esq. George Forster, Esq. William Wright, Exq.

Sherif - Alfred Hall, Bsq. COMMON COUNCILMEN.

Issac Cookson, Thomas Logan, Joseph Pollard, Dixon Dixon, William Clayton, Brough Pow, Thomas Cookson, John Anderson, Jun. George Wm. Wilson, John Cookson, Edward Johnson, David Cram, George Shadforth, "Edward John Jackson, James Archbold, Job James Bulman, Joha Lionet Hood, William Smith, Thomas Smith, Jum. John Andewun, Matthew Andevon, Ralph Naters, Wikliem Laske, Joseph Crawhall. ELECTORS.

George Forster, Job James Bulman, James Anderson, Thomas Clennell, Thomas Loggan, F. J. Shadforth, Isaac Cookson, Jun. WilHam Clayton, Robert Belt, Henry Cramlington, Brough Pow, William Wright, Thomas Smith, Joseph PoHard, Ralph Hopper, Benjamin Sorbie, John Radtiston, Richard Grainger, Aubone Surtees, Edward Story, Jacob Sopwith. George Shadforth, Thomas Wright,

Town Clerk, John Clayton, Esq. | Under Sheriff, John Adamson, Esy.

Coroners, Mr. Willism Fife, and Mr. George Bulman. Clerk of the Chamber, Mr. William . j Sword. Beaver, Mr. Gilbert Grey. | Sergeant of the Water, Mr. John Ostle Gaoler, Mr. James Sopwith. ' Mace Bearer, and Keeper of the House of Correction, John Scott. Town Marshal, Corn Inspector, and Adjuster Of Weights and Measyres, _ Thomas Forsyth.. Quay Master, Mr. Geo. Fothergill, | Town Surveyor, Thomas Gee. Clerks in the Ballast Qfice, Robert Pinkney, and John Pitt Scott. Cterk to the Committee of Revenue and Expenditure, John Scott. Chamberlains, Mesers. James Burrell, Thomas Usher, Devergy Lisle, Thomas Brown, Wm. Henzell, John Hedley, Joseph Glover, and Job Jameson. « Serjeante at Mace, Mesrs. Matthew Gilpatrick, James Atkin, Joseph Wake, Charles Sloan, Joshua Elliott, Thomas Barkas, and John Lough.

THE MANSION HOUSE

Is situated in the Close opposite to Toothill-stairs, it was erected on the site of an ancient structure which formerly had

belonged to an old hospital, but had for many years been the Mayor's residence.* The present handsome structure was built in

* The public-house, known by the sign of the Nag's Head, at the foot of Butcher Bank, is supposed to have been anciently the Mayor's residence.

Corporation - Revenue. cv

1691, at the cost of £6,000, since which time it has been consi- derably rigged be The apartments are elegantly furnished, and contain several good paintings, amonget w are two views of the town, one taken from Sheriff-hill, and the other from the river side, both by Richardson. Here is also a representation of the scene on the Sand-hill, at the coronation of George IV. painted by Parker, and sold to the corporation for £100. The Mayor's parlour contains the regalia, and @ good year clock. All the rooms have a sumptuous and stately appearance, and the establishment seems to want nothing but a good library, and a better sitnation to render it complete. The Mayor, on his election, which takes place annually on the Monday after the 29th of September, gene- rally makes the Mansion-house his residence d the year ; and, besides a salary of £2,000,° he is allowed a handsome state.

a barge, a valuable service of plate, and an ample supply of wine, &c. His establishment is very expensive; he entertains the Judges, and their chief officers and servants during the Assize weeks, and frequently gives entertainments to very large companies of civil, naval, and military officers and eaithe gentry of the town and neighbourhood. The regalia is very splendid, and at the coronation of his Majesty George IV. it received the addition of a valuable gold chain and medallion, to be worn by future Mayors on public occasions.

The Corporation of Newcastle is a very opulent body, and a portion of its ample revenues is made subservient to the public good, by improving the streets and buildings of the town, and b encouraging charitable and other institutions. It is, however, mu : to be regretted, that more efficacious measures are not taken for cleansing the river Tyne, especially when it is considered as the source of more than half the yearly income, as appears from an inspection of the accounts for the year ending at Michaelmas, 1826, in which the receipts from the river Tyne during the past twelve months, are stated to have amounted to £26,734 2s. ld. of which sum, £7,105 18s. 7d. was derived from the dues arising from the trade in coals; £16,861 136. 2d. from dues for conveying ballast ;+ £1,446 4s. 2d. for ship and boat dues; and remaining £1,320 6s. 2d. for dues payable on and merchandize. The annexed statement exhibits the total annual revenue of the Corpo- ration in the following years : -

Years. Amounts. Years. Arnownls. 1696, cecccsiusewacs: £5,722 0 0 W708 Go cscsarsese £8,556 0 0 JOGZ ocvcccvevcesee 6,526 0 0 VJLL cescccscoses 6,488 9 0 HP pdapooeawoodo 7,264 0 0 VWZID wc osevecseeee 6,188 0 0 Wie) cooapoogcancet 8,043 0 0 IVR Re soeoaoonencn 8,056 0 0 1900 casero sincdiinsoes 7,909 0 0 1B1B oe eee eeeeeen 43,981 0 0 D7) sacecccestese 8,658 0 0 Wty] sooogocoonec 35,030 0 O JOS cecccccccceee 6,001 0 0 1826 .-eeeeerevee 45,209 8 119

® Statement of the Corporation and Stewards accounts for 1836. ¢ September 9th, 1665, a lease for one thousand years was granted by the Mayor and Corporation of Newcastle, to Sir Francis Anderson, of a large parcel of ground between high and low water marks, with liberty to build quays, and cast ballast, on payment of two-pence for every ton. In the year, 18296, no less than 199,855 tons of ballast were deposited on the shores of the Tyne, at the ex pense of £7,666 6s. 11d.

cvi Incorporated Companies, &c.

Hence it appears that the receipts for 1826, presented an ex- cess of £39,485 above the amount for the year 1696, which increase may be partly attributed to the great alteration in the value of money, the improvement, and further acquisition of corporation

INCORPORATED COMPANIES OF FREEMEN.

There are about 3,500 freemen belonging to the town and county of Newcastle. These may be placed under four distinct classes, viz. those attached to the Twelve Mysteries, those belong. ing to the Fifteen Bye Trades, others who are identified with the eight additional companies, and those who are not members of any of these fraternities. By virtue of the charter of King James, each of the twelve societies, called Mysteries, can send two of their members to the elections of mayors, &c., whilst one can only be tent from each of the fifteen Bye Trades, the other companies, and the freemen of the town not being allowed this privilege. But all the freemen have the right of voting for parliamentary representa- tives, of making their sons and apprentices free of their respective trades; and of stintage on the free commons.

*e* The Stewards or Wardens of the Incorporated Companies are elected on She second Monday after Whitsuntide.

THE FOLLOWING TABLE

BXHIBITS THE WAMES OF THE COMPANIES, THE DATES OF INCORPORATION, THB BITUATIONS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE HALLS, THB NUMBSBR OF NEN- BERS, AND THE NAMES OF THE STEWARDS : -

SHARAN Seno

Sihaalion Nay Na ® FF ots. ¥ . ' Date The Twelve af of Sfewerds in 189). na... dey ster ies. Has. (en.

6 Merchant Adventur; } = SS™S~*~wS~CS 1215 Jers, including Dra.

. ' SEH YE gs : RY s . Se "BRS & REPRE pers, Mercers, and, Exchange, 41 [R. Naters & W. Armstrong. Boothmen, «.++-...

1496 |Smiths, ......... . Blackfriars,.... | 77 { T. Seott, A. Robinson, 1. Stes

| { phenson, and M. Spoor. 1437 [Skinners & Glovers, Blackfriars, -... 9 (GALL & JAngus & R. Clarke. 1447 | Pallers & Dyers, -. |At a Tavern,:---1 @ [R. Chapman & J. Brown,

1459s [Saddlers, «1 «+--+... [Black friars, ivecee 3 J. R. Wilson & W. Andpow's, bes Nas a | { B& Story, N. Weddell, &. 1BSo Tanners, -.-.......(Blackfriarg,.-.. [ag i. SS eae eth Mal : | 7 * | Youll, and 1. Watson. i

1536 [Bakers & Brewers,.. Blackfriars, «.-.| g | {7+ Famers Is J+ Harrison, & * aS MSta un

: 1836 (Taflory, «........./ Blackfriars, -.--) 90 (7. Jameson & W. Petterson. 1ssg (Cordwainers, -~. sHigh bridge,--| 76 UW. Millard & BR. Tallentire.

1621 Butchers, «-........ Blackfriars, ----| 84 [T. Wright & G. Harrison.

The 15 Bye Trad 1426 Coopers, «...- te 1498 Glovers, 6. ee 145] Slaters & Tylers, Meg Masters & Marin

ta Tavem, «---] 53

ynedSkinrsd7as

unner fower, -<| Ai UL. Forsyth & PB. Blackett.

rinkty house, --/eo0 See page cix.

ray [ Weavers, 66.6... arliol tower, --1 13 [T. Seott & G. Belt. eae atone }in the Manors, | 30 |W. Boag & T. W. Keenlyside. Cutlers, now extinct.

1336 { weanasites Plumbers, } Mordon tower, | 4) f c. Nawicis M. Proctor, and

ewterers, & Painters! LM. Hogg. Curriers, with Felt) | Herber tower, | 13 | { T. Widdrington, G. Dove, &

H. Jeferson & W. Blenkinsop.

| |

is {

mrs. & Armourers, |" \ 1 R. iL is7g | Millers, ----+->++++- jata Tavern, -+- '| 13. Calbresth & M. Young. is7g (House Carpenters, - - | Westgate, +--+" ]11 L.A. Brown & E. Redhead. 1981 | Masons,.--.--+-+++. Plummer tower, | 16 /J, Guthrie & G. Singleton.

feiners and Cabinet oes, payor 'High Friar st. ds ge IN 44 | 1936 Shipwrights, ------ | Wall knoll, --+-) 29° |W. Wright & J. Coxon.

ea f Colliers, Paviours, ) 1656 { & Carriage-men, J

} R. Wardle and J. Anderson.

Ever tower,---- | 15 |W. Watson & Wm. Foggin.

Parious Companies. ., { Bricklayers, Waller, te 4 and Plasterers, --|Nevill tower, [113 [R. Fletcher & J. Davidson. 1598 Porters, (Free.) ++++) Privileges lost. 1536 |Goldsmiths,------+-| Assay office, Dean) 5 | F. Somerville & T. Watson. Musicians, (extine?.) court, 1587 | Hoastmen, -~---+» | Mayor's chamber, 94 | Thomas Gibson, Esq. 161] {|Mettors, --------++| Privileges lost. 164g |Ropemakers, ---++-lat a Tavern, --+-) 3) (J. Crawhall & T. Leighton. 1926 phobter, 'inglete 'pholsters, Tinpla L- me ree oe 1675 Workers, & Sta-| }Guildhall, ...| 15 [G+ some aro prone A. Hen- Homeray sesso eee se j derson, & J. Eliott.

8 or V Y S s ob a easdales Sailmakers, ei ies .o lat a Tavern, «- =] og W. Ww. Spence & T Teasdal

| | |

Total No. of Members, 1286

eviii Incorporated Companies - Revenue - Free Pastures.

There were formerly companies of Cooks, Sword Slippers, Spi- cers, Furbishers, Bowyers, Fletchers, Spurriers, Girdlers, and Vintners, all of which are now extinct. '

The Stewards of the Incorporated Companies who are annually chosen, elect every Guild day nine of their body, who form the " Herbage Committee," whose duty it becomes to superintend the improvement, and enforce the regulations respecting the : Free Commons.* The duty of the stewards is to watch over the inter- ests of the freemen, and of the respective fraternities. Their re- venue is very considerable, and the following table shows the annual amount at several periods between the years 1812 and 1822, together with that of the past year, 1826:

YEAR. AMOUNT RECEIVED. Year. AMOUNT RECEIVED. IBZ, -ecereeees £1022 8 103 1820, --eseee ine £856 5 9% TBLG cise ets 736 18 9} Cy eer ee 71l 21L NEF Aectosotcicor 867 16 1 ° | 1899, ..... nena 65614 3 1818, --++-0--+- 845 11 10 IOP, coodoac BOO 831 15 7 1819, -+ceereeee 992 14 1}

These sums are derived from ground and dunghill rents, way leaves, rent of the barrack's site, sale of manure, &c. &c.

Merchants' Company. - The merchants of woollen cloth, in 1342, formed a distinct fraternity ; some years afterwards they were called '* cappers,"' a term of reproach bestowed upon them by the Merchant Adventurers, who then began to claim the sole right of heing called Merchant Drapers, and to usurp the privilege of send- ing two members to the election of mayors. In 1546, Edward VI. incorporated them, with the Mercers and Boothmen, or Corn Mer- chants, under the style and title of " The Governor, Assistants, Wardens, and Fellowship of Merchant Adventurers of the Town

* Free Pasturss. - The Castle Leases, containing 188: acres, and the Town and Nuns Moors, comprising 1,010 acres, are all.Free Pastures, ou which' the resident Freemen and the widows of deceased Burgesses are each entitled to' graze two milk cows in the summer season. The Castle Leases and the Town Moor were represented as '' the immemorial right of the town in 1356, when Edward III., confirmed to the Burgesses the right of holding them, and of work- ing coals, stones, &c. therein." The Nuns' Moor anciently belonged to the Convent of St. Bartholomew, but, after the Dissolution, it was sold by John Branxholme to Robert Brandling, for £21; and, in 1650, the Corporation pur- chased it of Charles Brandling, of Gateshead. In consequence of a violent dispute between the Corporation and the Burgesses, respecting the leasing of a part of these grounds, an act of parliament was procured, in the 14th year of George IIi., by which the herbage was confirmed to the Burgesses, with power to adopt means for its improvement. According to the provisions of this act, the stewards and wardens of the incorporated companies of freemen, or the major part of them, have power to let, on a septennial lease, 100 acres of the common land, for the purpose of improving the soil, the lessee or lessees being required to manure, plough, fallow, and harrow it at certain periods, and to cultivate it according to the most improved course of husbandry. Under these wise regulations, which have now been in operation more than half acentury, the soil has been considerably improved, and the whole of' it will soon be brought into a state of fine cultivation, more than two-thirds having already undergone a seven years tillage. The lease rents are periodically distributed amongst the poor resident Burgesses, and the widows of deceased Freemen who have not &Dy cow upon the pastures. sa

Hoastmen - Trinity House. cix

and County of Newoastle-upon-Tyne."" Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart. is the present governor, and the affairs of the company are managed by the governor, twelve assistants, two wardens, and a secr and bendle. They hold their meetings in an elegant hall, recently built for them at the east end of the Exchange.

- "The Heastmen's Society existed long before the reign of Queen Elizabeth, though it was not incorporated until 1587. In their charter they are set forth as a '' Guild or Fraternity,"" which had existed in Newcastle, '"' from time whereof the memory of man is not to the contrary, for the loading and better disposing sea coales and pif coales, and grindstones, rubstones, and whetstones," and are incorporated under the appellation of 'the Governor, and Stewards and Brethren of the Fraternity of Hoastmen," with power to obtain, receive, and possess lands, tenements, liberties, jurisdictions, franchises, and hereditaments, &c. &c. This society has the use of the Mayor's Chamber, and Robert Clayton, Esq. is the present governor. It appears, by a decree of the Lord Presi- dent and Council of James I., assembled at York, on the 27th of February, 1603, that any of the members of the other incor. porated companies, may, on paying the usnal fee, be admitted as fellows of this fraternity.

The Trinity Howse, or Fraternity of Masters and Mariners, anciently existed, partly as a religious and partly as a secular guild, and, in 1492, they purchased the site of their present house, and built thereon, in'1505, a hall, chapel, and lodgi for their poor brethren. Qn the 5th of October, 1536, Henry VIIL

anted them a new charter of incorporation, '' out of love to the Holy Trinity, and to encourage the art of navigation," which directs that they shall, in future, be governed by a master and four wardens, have a common seal, implead and be impleaded, &c. with license to build and. embattle two towers, viz. one at the entrance of the Haven of Tyne, and one on the hill adjoining; where lights were to be placed every night: and, for the support of which, they were empowered to receive four-pence for every Foreign ship, and two-pence fer every English ship, that arrived at the port of Tyne. Queen Elizabeth, in 1584, granted the society a new charter, which was then re-founded by the.,title of '' The Masters, Pilots, and Seamen of the Trinity House," to be a perpetual brotherhood. King James, by a charter, dated the 18th of January, 1606, con- stituted this society a body politic, by the name of " Masters, Pilots, and Seamen of the Trinity House." Their jurisdiction was, at the same time, extended to Blyth, Sunderland, Hartlepool, 'Whitby, and Staiths. They were also empowered to appoint pilots, impose fines, and collect the duty of primage, for the support of twelve poor brethren, or their wives, ur shipwrecked mariners. Lightage, and the buoying, canning, marking, and beaconing of the river Tyne, was ae con Renea to them, and, on the Ist of Jply, 1687, they obtained another charter, which empowered them to ea increase of pilotage. Their revenue having been aug- mented by several benefactions, is now very considerable, and they support at present, within their house, 12 men and 13 women pensioners, who have each an allowance of twenty-eight shillings per month, and clothing once in two years. They have likewise two classes of Out pensioners, in ae first of which there are now

(k

cx

Trinity House - Shipwreck Association - Life Boat.

SS ee sixty, who each receive £6 per-annam, and the additional sam of 20s. for each child under fourteen years of age: in the other class there are 20 persons, who haye each an allowance of £4 yearly, and 20s. for each child. A Sommoner and matron are also sup- ported in the house, which is situated on the west sideof the Broad chare. The buildings have frequently beqiseveires and enlarged ; the great hall was built in 1721, and the widows apartments in 1724, at the cost of nearly £800. A small chapel is contaired in this establishment, where the Rev. H. D. Griffiths, M.A. officiates as chaplain. In 1789, fifty-two pews were purchased in All Saints church, for the accommodation of the brethren in this fraternity. Vide Trinity House Sohool, page lxxvill ; and Pilot Offies, page XCix. CORPORATION OF TRINITY HOUSE.

- penwick John Shadworth, Esq. Master. Mr. Thomas Smith, Deputy Master.

Evpger BRETHREN. Mr. Thomas Shadworth, Mr. Rowland Hodge, ' Mr. Robert Airey, Mr. Joba Anderson, Mr. George Fothergill, | Mr. Charles Jackson, Mr. John Ostle, '| Mr. James Hatle, Mr. Joka Cursy. Mr. Valentine Hutchinson, | Mr. William Burnett,

Vouncer ELECTORS. Mr. Wm. Helmsley. | Mr. George Hodge, Mr. Joseph French, Mr. John Carr, Mr. William Benson, Mr. Robert Clay. Younern Warpens - Mr. J. T. Carr, and Mr. Henry Liddle. Younozn Assistants - Mr. John Fram, and Mr. Francis Patthoo. Mr. Thomas Gibson, Secretary. 7

The Association for the Preservation of Life from Shigtoreck was instituted at the Trinity House in 1825. iltiam Clark, Esq. is the president ; William pman, Esq. the treasurer ; and Bfr. R. Plummer the secretary. . prs

Allied to this institution is the Life Boat, stationed at Sedth Shields, where it was built, in 1789, since which period 'it: tims been the means of Mei many a "brave fellow" from'a " watery grave."= - Vide Sou Shields, at a subsequent page.

CHAPTER XIV. COURTS OF JUSTICE, &c.

The Mayor's Court - The Sheriffs? Court - The County Court - Court of Requests - Court of Admiralty - Court of Pie Poudre - Court of Common Council - Court of Guild - Quarter Ses- sions - The Assises - The Moot-Hall. - County of Nerthumber- land Courts - New Gaol and House of Correction.

Tur Courts oF Law peculiar to the town and county of

Newcastle, are

The Mayor's Court, held in the Guildhall every Monday throughout the year, excepting the weeks of Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost (Whit Sunday.) Itis a court of record, and has jurisdic. diction of arta nicer ie raicenes Me ach within the town to any amount, provided the defendant be a free burgess of Newcastle.

The Sheriffs'? Court possesses similar jurisdiction and practice to the Mayor's Court, with this distinction, that actions are here brought against foreigners or non-freemen, - whilst the fore- going takes cognizanoe of freemen only. It is held on Wednes- days and Fridays in every week, except the three mentioned above. The sheriff sits on all occasions; but, on the trial of causes, the recorder presides as judge.

The County Court, established in 1501, is held every fourth Wednesday, before the Under Sheriff, in the Guildhall, for hold- ing pleas of replegiarum.

The Court of Conscience, or Court of Requests, was estab- lished by act of parliament, immediately after the Revolution, and was subsequently confirmed by statute of 27th Geo. II. The Commissioners of this Court are chosen annually, and are sworn before the Recorder; they usually consist of the mayor, aldermen, sheriff, and the common-council: three of these, (provided the mayor or an alderman be one) form a quorum, who hear and determine actions under the value of 40s.; and have the power, by their beadle, to levy for debts or damages according to the award, by distraint and sale of the debtors goods. The charges of this Court are limited by the act to 3d. for a summons ; - 4d. for a warrant to commit to prison; and 4d. for a warrant for seizure and sale of goods, &c.* The Court is held four times a

r, viz. - in February, May, August, and November. Mr. Matthew Snowdon is the Beadle.

The Court of Admiralty, or River Court, was instituted by a grant from King John, and confirmed by succeeding monarchs. Lord Howard of Effingham wasadmiral of this port and the river Tyne from 1522 to 1605, when he resigned this appointment in favour of the mayor and burgesses, together with the authority to hold an admiralty court, which takes place at such periods as the mayor, who presides on these occasions, thinks proper to direct. The duty of his deputy, the water bailiff, consists in presenting to

© Acr A. L* Gull et Maria. (k)2

cxii Courts - Quarter Sessions - Assizes, &c.

notice all injuries done to the river, and to the salmon fishery. This is also a Court of Record for enrolling deeds of evidence. The Duke of Northumberland is Vice-Admiral of that county, and of the town and county.of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

A Court of Pie Poudre is held during the twofairs of Lam- mas and St. Luke: it possesses all the privileges and power of a court-leet, and examines and tries all suits brought for petty dif- ferences and offences committed contrary to the proclamation issued at these fairs..

The Court.of Cammon Council is composed of the mayor, alder- men, sheriff, and the twenty-four commoners, who form all bye laws, have the control of the common seal, and in whose hands the administration of the affairs of the body corporate wholly rests.

The Court of Guild ia held three times a year, viz, - on the first Monday after: the 13th of January, and on the second Mondays after Easter Sunday and Michaelmas Day. | The principal business of this court ariyes from the applications of. apprentices, and the sons of freemen when petitioning for their ' freedom, which they pray for by the style and title of the in- corporated company, to. which their fathers or masters Lelong. This is what is termed " calling their guild." The wardens and stewards of the several free companies attend to prevent any person from obtaining. his freedom who may,not be entitled to it.. An. apprentice is called at three different guild days; but the son of a, freeman only once. Any objections are heard and determined before the common-council, and the applicant cannot be sworn a freeman until such objections be removed; these being oyercome, the: claimant may forthwith be sworn into his guild by the mayor, or any of the magistrates. | " a

The days for transacting business before. the mayor and alder-. men, as justices of the peace, are every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, atthe Mayor's Chamber. Mr. John Brown is Clerk to the Magistrates. ' ;

The Quarter Sessions are held before the Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen, at the Guildhall, on the Wednesdays in each week. appointed by the act for holding General Quarter Sessions, viz. - the first weeks after Epiphany, Easter, St. Thomas-a-Becket, and 10th of October. whe ;

The Assizes for the town and county are also held in the Guildhall annually, inthe months of March and August. By the charters of Blizabeth and James, the mayar, recorder, and alder- men, are invested with full power to hold gaol deliveries for the. town, and to erect a gallows within its liberties, to hang felons, murderers, and other malefactors, according to the laws and customs. of England. The coroners and sheriff are entrusted ,"' with return- ing all juries, inquisitions, &c. whenever the magistrates shall think fit to deliver the gaol; and with executing the precepts of the magistrates." Only one Judge visits the town at the Spring. Assizes, but two are always in attendance at the Autumn Assizes.

Oa Moot Hall - Quarter Sessions for Northumberland. = cx

THE MOOT-HALL.

The Courts for the County of Northumberland, are held in the Moot-Hall, a massive stone building, allowed to be one of the finest specimens of Grecian architecture in the north of England. It is situated on the south side of the Castle-garth, and was erected at the cost of upwards of £60,000, by Mr. Stokoe, the arehitect. The foundation stone was laid on the 23¢ of July, 1810, by the Right Hon. Earl Percy, as representative of his Grace the Duke of Northumberland, Lord-lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the County, who, with his usual liberality, contributed the sum of £8000 towards the expenses of the erection. By an act of Parlia- ment, passed in 1809, it was determined that in order to defra the erpense attendant on the erection of a '+ New Moot-Hall, Shire-Hall, or Courts of Justice, Grand Jury Room, Gaol, and other offices and necessary erections,"' the juatices in session were em- powered to levy a rate, not exceeding at any one time two-pence in the pound, on the sums on which the poor-rates were assessed in the various divisions of the wards of the county, and that the buildings be afterwards repaired out of the county rate. The justices were also empowered to appoint a constable to act within that part of the precincts of the Castle-garth, which is by this act declared to be within the county of Northumberland. This magnificent edifice was completed in 1812; it is of an oblong form, one hundred and forty- four feet by seventy-two; the narth and south sides are orna- mented with elegant porticos, the pillars of which are of the Gre- cian Doric order, and are 28 feet in height, and 5 feet in diameter. On the right of the entrance hall is the crown court, and on the left the nist prius court, both of which are sled (aes ser ee and contain galleries for the accommodation of the public. In the wings are convenient apartments for the judge, the petty jury, witnesses, &c. Above these are suitable apartments for the gaoler, and over the grand jury-room is an apartment for the use of Counsel. The prison is beneath the courts, and consists of a great number of cells, which are , well lighted and ventilated, and furnished with fire-places. The whole fabric is enclosed, partly by walls and buildings, and partly by iron palisades. This stracture forms one of the proudest ornaments of the town, and is conspicuously seated upon 8 lofty eminence, rising about 100 feet above the of the river "The Quarter Sessions for Northumberland are held here on the Friday' in the week after Epiphany, and on the Fridays in the other thréé session-weeks, at Morpeth, Hesham, and Alneick alter- nately ; Thomas Clennell, Esq. of Harbottle Castle, is the chairman. The Assizes are held here twice s-year, by the Judges, whose attendance has been explained in the account of the assizes for the town and ceunty of Newcastle, in the foregoing page.

ik) 3

Magistrates & Officers for Northumberland, &c. -

cxiv

MAGISTRATES AND OFFICERS FOR NORTHUMBERLAND, AT NEWCASTLE.

Two or more of the following Magistrates for the West Divi- sion of Castle Ward, Northumberland, attend at the Moat-hall, on the first and third Saturday in every: month.

George Anderson, Esq. Anderson place | *Rt. Wm. Brandling, Esq. Low Gosforth Charles John Bigg, Easy. 148, Pilgrim st. | # William Clark, Heq. Benton-House *Gearge Thos. Leaton, Eaq. Whickham | Charles J. Clavering, Esq. Arwel! Park

CLERK OF THE Pgace - Robert Thorpe, Esq. 50, Westgate street, and Almsiak. ABSISTANT CLERK OF THE Pzace - T. J. Tumbull; Office, 50, Westgate street ; House, 13, Union street.

The Deputy LigvTgNants, who attend the Moot-hall, are, thethree Magistrates marked ® in the above list, and Dixon Dixon, Esq. of Westgate street. Susprvision Cia2as - Mr. John Adamson, of Forth lane, for Marpeth, Glen- dale, and Tindale Wards; and Mr. Percival Fenwick, 23, Newgate street,

for Castle Ward.

Cononer for Castle, Morpeth, & Tindale Wards - Stephen Reed, Esq. Clavering pl. CLERKS TO THE MacreTratss for Castle Ward - Mr. George Weatherby, High Swinburn place; and Mr. T. J. Turnbull, 50, Westgate street.

County Treasvasr - William Blackett, Esq. Gallowgute, and Benridge House.

Unpenr Sarnirr - Mr. Matthew Clayton, Guildhall. - SaerisF's BAILIFF8 - Jotn Chariton, Robert Jude, and Robert Ions. GaoLER FOR NORTHUMBERLAND - Mr. William Blake, pf Alnwick. KEEPER OF THE Moor-HALL, AND ConsTABLE - Percival Allen. Court-Kgeepua - Mrs. Ann Hardy.

CoxeTRACTOR FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF VAGRANTO- - ~Mr. Jesse Chariton.

The New Gaol and House of Correciion for the town and county of Neweastle, is situated in Carliol-street. The erection of this commodious prison was commenced under the authority. of an act of parliament, which received the roya] assent on the 24th of May, 1822.4 The first stone was laid by the mayor, on the 4th of June, 1823, and the building is expected to be completed in the course of the present. year (1827), at the coat of about £35,000. _ The.plan of the prison was furnished hy Mr. Dobson, architect, and is admirably well adapted to the modern system of prison dis. cipline recommended by the philanthropic Howard. The different wards are arranged on the radiating principle, so that the gaolers' house commands a view of every avenue and court. The whole is surrounded by a thick stone wall, 25 feet high, which encloses an area of two acres. The entranve is by a strong tower on the west side, in which is an arched gateway 14 feet in height. Op- posite to the inner gate stands the lofty and massive centre tower, which contains apartments and offices for the gaolers and turn-keys., The prisoners are to be classed according to their sex, age, and degrees of delinquency, and employed by task-masters accord- ing to their abilities in the mechanical arts, or at the tread-mill. Mr. James Sopwith is the gaoler, and Mr. John Scott is the keeper of the house of correction.

+ See the account of Newgate at page liv.

CHAPTER XV. COUNTY AND PAROCHIAL EXPENDITURE.

County Rates - Poor Rate - St. Nicholas' Poor-House - All Saints : - H. Andrew's - St. John's - Poor-House in Gallowgate - Paro- chial Officers.

The County of Newcastle, as has already been seen at page xlv, contains the whole of the parish of St. Nicholas, and the paro- chial townships of the parishes of All Saints, St. Andrew's, and St. John's. The ancient boundaries of the town and county are described as extending frem a small brook, called the Swerle, on the east side ef the town, along the shores of the Tyne into Els- wick-fields, thence to the fields of Fenham, Kenton, Coxlodge, and Jesmond, to Barras-bridge, Sandiver bridge, and through Shield- field into a Jane leading to the Tyne. But in the 2d and. 3d of Edward VI. " all that ground from the Swerle, in Sandgate, along the river Tyne, to St. Lawrence's quay, and from thence to Stony- ford, Great and Little St. Ann's Closes, Baxter's Close, and Lum- ley Close, till it again joins the Swerle, running towards Sandgate," was added to the town and county of Newcastle. Bounder stones were set up in 1648; and in 1751, an order in the town's council was passed, for riding the boundaries every three years, in order to preserve the rights and property of the corporation.

County Rarrs - The following extract from the Treasurer's account, shows the: several sums received and disbursed in each year, from 1818 to 1822 :- -

1818. 1819. 1820. 192]. 1822. £. a ad) £. a dl £. ~ ape. az s. d. Amount received .-..-.{3100 0 0j9850 0 O/|2100 0 Q O O9850 0 @ EXPENDITURE. Bridges.---.+-s+s-+ee0 Nil Nil. Nf. Nil. Clerk of the Peace 116 12 6) 8918 4] 118-17 4) 149-18 6] 181 12 10 Coroner «© sicccec cess e} 20 0 O| 39 O OO} S1.0 37.0«0 G@d] - 06+ ee eee eevenes 500 6 3] 685 1 1} 689 17 722 2 4 House of Correction. --| 385. 2 8] 363 14 6] 364 13 351 12 11 Lunatic Asylum ------ Nil. NiL Nil. NiL Millitla-.--......0-0-e, 49 811) 4815 4) 91 0 99 19 7 Conveyance of Offenders| 92 0 0] 27 0 O| 141 9 55 0 0 Expensesof Prosecutions| 374 19 10] 523 1 3) 508 9 430 13 11 Shire Hall..... ...... Nil. | Nil. Nit. IN Treasurers ..1.....0005 20 @ 0} 40 0 40 @ 40 0 0 Vagrants -.....+--.0++- 309-16 8) 308 13 7] 318 12 10 eB 3 9 Incidental Expenecs----] .60' 19 90 19 97 2 11):'146 16 147 18 L Tota] Expenses...-}1999 6 7/2209 17 10/2401 3 3/9104 14 32089 2 §

JOHN CLayrox, County Treasurer.

When the County Rate was first demanded in the parishes of this town, the inhabitants showed a disposition to regist payment, which they considered should have been advanced from the funds of the corporation, but at a meeting of the parish delegates, which took place in 1796, the parishioners were advised to withdraw their opposition to the impost.

cxvi Parochocial Expenditure, &.

ParocuIaL ExPENDITURE. - The money levied as poor-rates in¢ludes the county-rates, and several small sums paid for other purposes than the relief of the poor. In the parishes of 8t. Nicho- las', All Saint's, and St. John's, one-fifth is subtracted from the gross rental, and the rate is levied upon the remaining four-Sfths ; but in St. Andrew's, the rate is only estimated upon two-thirds of the rental. According to these modes of charging, the poor-rates in the year ending March 25th, 1826, in St. Nicholas's parish, amount- ed to 4s. 2d. in the pound; All Saints, to $s. in the pound; St. John's, to 3s. 1d. in the pound; and 8t. Andrew's, to 3e. 16d. in the pound ; making the average rate for the whole town, of 4s. 0d. In the year ending March, '1835, the average was 3s. 119d. in the pound; and, in the preceding year, 4s. 34d.

The following table contains a statement of thewume raised ae poor-rates for each township of Newcastle, in the years specified ; together with the annual value of the land and buildings in the town and county, as estimated by the commissioners for building the New Gaol, und also the number of paupers in each township, in M 1827 - - :

Poor RATES.

NEWCASTLE. ' 1784. 1815. St. Nicholas', p. £060 £396 All Saints', twp. ---- |] 1573 938 Byker, twp. --eeeeee ais 144 St. Andrew's, twp. -- 691 396 Westgate, twp. .-..-. sce

SS eee

eee

Poon-Hovusss. - St. Nicholas' Poor-house, at the head of the Long etairs, was built in 1803; it has, at present, 36 inmates, who are fed at the average cost of 3s. 94d. each per week. Mr. John Smith is the governor. All Saints' Poor-house is an extensive build- ing, situated in Manor-place; it was formerly a general hospital for the reception of all the paupers of the four parishes. The average number of inmates is 75, and their cost per week, for food and clothing, is abeut 4s. 104d. per head. All Saints' at present (March, 1827) supports in the Asylum no fewer than 24 lunatics ! at the expense of upwards of £600 per annum. It is the largest and most populous of the four parishes of Newcastle, and contains a great proportion of the poor inhabitants of this town, especially in the suburbs of Sandgate. Mr. Jqhn Milburn is the present governor. St. Andrew's Poor-house stands in the Back. lane; the average number of inmates is 60, and the expense of their food is estimated at 4s. per head weekly. Mr. Richard Nichol- son is the governor, and perpetual overseer. St. John's Poor-house, in Bath-lane, contains only 38 paupers, who are supported at the expense of 3s. 1d. = head weekly. Mr. Robert Chicken is the present governor. e Poor-house, near to the head of Gallowgate, is kept by Mr. John Mason, who provides the inmates with food

® The annual value of the land and bufidings in the town and county of Newcastle, and the edjoiing townships, in 1815, is stated at page xlv.

Parechial Officers - W ater Works. cxvib

at the rate of about 3s. each per week. At present (March, 1897) this establishment contains 32 prupers, belonging to the to ps of Westgate, Byker, Elswick, Kenton, Jesmond, and Coxlodge. The. rent of the house, and a salary of £6 yearly to the master is paid, at the joint expense of the townships who choose to send their paupers to this house, which they also supply with fuel. 'PAROCHIAL OFFICERS IN 1897.

Aymley Joseph Bell, Perpetual Overseer of

'Brown Thos. Vestry Clerk for St. Nicholas', 36, St. Nicholas' Church yard.

Brows John, Vestry Cierk for St. Andrew's, Town's court.

Chaters Thomas, Vestry Clerk for Ali Saints', 36,. Pilgrim street.

Coulson John, Perpetual Overseer of Byker, 20, Side.

Kirkup Edward, Vestry Clerk for St. Johan's, 95, Newgate street.

Pallister Cuthbert, Keeper of the Vagrunt Qffice, Queen street.

Salmon Robert, Perpeutal Overseer of Au Saints', 158, Pligrim street.

COLLECTORS OF THE GAOL RATE. Kitkup Edward, for St. Nicholas' and St. John's, Newgate street. Clarke Joseph, for Si. Andrew's, Newgate street.

CHAPTER XVI. PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS.

Water Works - Conduits or Pants - Fire Engine Stations - Coal Gas Works - Newcastle Fire Insurance Company - Watch and Lamp Acts.

Water Wonrks. - Few towns are better supplied with the | " pure beverage of nature," than Newcastle ; besides the accom-. modation afforded by the New Water-works Company, there are several public fountains in the town, each of which furnishes the © inhabitants with an everflowing, gratuitous stream of fresh water. The earliest socount of aqueducts being introduced into this town, is dated 1349, and there were in Leland's time "three heads of conduits here." 'Fhe top of Pandon Bank, is commonly called Conduit- Hitt, and there is still a reservoir behind the houses there, which supplics Sandgate pant. The water in Gallowgate was in- tended to have been brought into the towm in 1656. There was a scarcity of water in 1675, and in 1680, Mr. C. Dikes, erected an engine without Sandgate for supplying the breweries and victualling houses, &c. with water.from the river Tyne. In 1694, Mr. W. Soulsby neguciated with the Commen coun