Stephens County, Georgia

35 topographic sheets and 7 fire insurance atlases across 1 place.

Research this county

From the record

11 National Register listings published here, 1 of them a National Historic Landmark.

Sources: the National Register database, National Park Service

Georgia within the United States

Stephens County within Georgia

What the record shows

1 place in this county was surveyed for fire insurance: Toccoa, between 1893 and 1950.
7 fire insurance atlases survive for the county. Topographic coverage is national; fire insurance survey reached only incorporated places with something worth insuring.
269 topographic sheet readings cover the county's settlements.
11 properties here are on the National Register of Historic Places: 8 buildings and 3 districts.
1 of the 11 listings was added during the 1970s.
The Geographic Names Information System records 16 populated places in this county; 16 are covered by at least one topographic sheet.

Photographs

13 photographs, 2017

Taken for the Office of War Information and the Farm Security Administration, who photographed the country between 1935 and 1944. Works of United States government photographers, with no known restriction on use. Each opens its catalogue record.

The Stephens County Courthouse in Toccoa, Georgia
Highsmith, Carol M, 2017. Library of Congress

Scene outside Traveler's Rest, a historic inn in Toccoa, a city in northeast Georgia near the South Carolina line
Highsmith, Carol M, 2017. Library of Congress

Bench made of stone at Toccoa Falls outside Toccoa, a city in northeast Georgia near the South Carolina line
Highsmith, Carol M, 2017. Library of Congress

Traveler's Rest, a historic inn in Toccoa, a city in northeast Georgia near the South Carolina line
Highsmith, Carol M, 2017. Library of Congress

Tiny cabin on the grounds of Traveler's Rest, a historic inn in Toccoa, a city in northeast Georgia near the South Carolina line
Highsmith, Carol M, 2017. Library of Congress

A spur of the Tugaloo River outside Toccoa, a city in northeast Georgia near the South Carolina line
Highsmith, Carol M, 2017. Library of Congress

Toccoa Falls outside Toccoa, a city in northeast Georgia near the South Carolina line
Highsmith, Carol M, 2017. Library of Congress

The Ritz Theatre in Toccoa, Georgia
Highsmith, Carol M, 2017. Library of Congress

Travelers Rest, Toccoa, Stephens County, GA
Photographer not recorded. Library of Congress

Places on the National Register

Every property in this county listed on the National Register of Historic Places, with the year it was listed and the federal nomination document.

Property	Type	Listed	Reference
Eastanollee Auditorium	building	2000	00000301
Jarrett-Hayes House	building	1994	94000572
Martin Historic District	district	1995	95000825
Riverside	building	1982	82002465
Schaefer-Marks House	building	1976	76000647
James B. Simmons House	building	1983	83000241
Stephens County Courthouse	building	1980	80001232
Toccoa Downtown Historic District	district	2011	11000879
Toccoa Downtown Historic District (Boundary Increase)	district	2015	15000744
Traveler's Rest	building	1966	66000283
Walters-Davis House	building	1982	82002464

Photographs from libraries nationwide

1 shown

Selected from the Digital Public Library of America's 1 image records catalogued for this county. Every one shown here carries a public-domain status or a licence that permits reuse on a site that carries advertising; non-commercial, share-alike and restricted images are excluded. The selection is spread across the county's towns (at most eight per town), so no single institution's bulk upload crowds out the rest. Each opens the holding library's record, and the complete set at the Digital Public Library of America is one click away.

Toccoa Falls (186 ft. high) two miles from Toccoa, Ga., these falls are 25 feet higher than Niagara, Boston Public Library - undated — Toccoa Falls (186 ft. high) two miles from Toccoa, Ga., these falls are 25 feet higher than Niagara. Boston Public Library, via the Digital Public Library of America.

The county from the air

30 shown

Flown by the U.S. Geological Survey between 1937 and 1989, the Aerial Photo Single Frames collection is the definitive mid-century view of the land: fields, roads and rivers as the camera saw them. The Survey holds 361 frames inside the rectangle that bounds this county; the 30 frames below were taken over the county itself, chosen across the decades of flights (at most four a year from that rectangle), so one flight cannot crowd out the rest. The full set is free to browse and download at EarthExplorer under the dataset Aerial Photo Single Frames.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1947-02-07, scale 1:24000 — 1947-02-07, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1948-02-29, scale 1:24000 — 1948-02-29, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1951-05-08, scale 1:59000 — 1951-05-08, scale 1:59000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1955-03-27, scale 1:30000 — 1955-03-27, scale 1:30000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1956-02-29, scale 1:32000 — 1956-02-29, scale 1:32000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1956-03-01, scale 1:32000 — 1956-03-01, scale 1:32000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1963-03-24, scale 1:24000 — 1963-03-24, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1974-04-29, scale 1:64000 — 1974-04-29, scale 1:64000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1974-04-29, scale 1:62000 — 1974-04-29, scale 1:62000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1977-03-14, scale 1:80000 — 1977-03-14, scale 1:80000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

Weather records

11 stations, 8 gages

The thermometers that kept this county's weather, and the gages that measured the flow of its streams, as the federal records hold them. The extremes below are measured values from those records, not estimates.

TOCCOA 1891 to 2026, hottest 41.7 C, coldest -20.6 C
CAMP TOCCOA 1942 to 1944, hottest 38.9 C, coldest -13.9 C
TOCCOA 4.8 SW 2008 to 2015
TOCCOA 3.1 NW 2009 to 2010
TOCCOA 3.7 S 2012 to 2020
TOCCOA 6.4 ENE 2017 to 2019
EASTANOLLEE 1.8 W 2020 to 2025
TOCCOA 6.3 SSW 2021 to 2024
MARTIN 0.7 SE 2023 to 2026
TOCCOA 5.6 E 2025 to 2026
TOCCOA 0.6 ESE 2025 to 2026

PANTHER CREEK NEAR TOCCOA, GA 1942 to 2013
NORTH FORK BROAD RIVER NEAR TOCCOA, GA 1954 to 1969
TOMS CREEK NEAR MARTIN, GA 1954 to 1969
TOMS CREEK TRIB NFBR SWS NO. 14 NR AVALON, GA 1954 to 1969
BEAR CREEK NFBR SWS NO. 6 NEAR MIZE, GA 1956 to 1969
DENMANS C BL NF BROAD R SWS 2 NR TOCCOA, GA 1956 to 1969
TOMS CREEK NFBR SWS NO. 11 NR EASTANOLLEE, GA 1956 to 1969
N FORK BROAD R NFBR SWS NO. 1 AB TOCCOA, GA 1958 to 1969

The 1950 census, district by district

25 districts

Who lived here in 1950, one enumeration district at a time, as the Census Bureau described each district. Each row opens its official National Archives result, with Population Schedules and ED Maps available there.

127-1Militia District 215, Big Smith
127-2Militia District 267, Wolf Pit - That part northeast of Southern Railway
127-3Militia District 267, Wolf Pit - That part southwest of Southern Railway
127-4Militia District 402, Currahee
127-5Militia District 440, Toccoa: Toccoa city - That part Bounded by City limits; City limits; E. Tugalo; N. Pond, Henderson Falls Rd., Slaughter Pen Branch
127-6Toccoa city - That part Bounded by City limits; Slaughter Pen Branch, Henderson Falls Rd., N. Pond; E. Tugalo, W. Tugalo; N. Alexander, Toccoa Falls Rd.
127-7Toccoa city - That part Bounded by Toccoa Falls Rd.; N. Alexander; Southern Railroad; City limits
127-8Toccoa city - That part Bounded by W. Tugalo, E. Tugalo; City limits; Southern Railroad; N. Alexander
127-9Toccoa city - That part Bounded by E. Whitman, Antigo Pl., E. Currahee, Park street overpass, Southern Railroad; City limits; City limits; S. Pond, S. Hill
127-10Toccoa city - That part Bounded by Southern Railroad; Park street overpass, E. Currahee, Antigo Pl., E. Whitman, S. Hill; E. Sautee, W. Sautee; S. Alexander
127-11Toccoa city - That part Bounded by Southern Railroad; S. Alexander; W. Franklin, S. Tallulah, W. Whitman, S. Pine, Elberton, Avon, W. Currahee; City limits
127-12Toccoa city - That part Bounded by W. Whitman, S. Tallulah, W. Franklin; S. Alexander, Diagonal, S. Broad; Spring, Elberton; S. Pine
127-13Toccoa city - That part Bounded by Diagonal, W. Sautee; S. Sage, Spring, Burton, Wood; W. Grove; S. Broad
127-14Toccoa city - That part Bounded by E. Sautee; S. Hill, S. Pond; City limits; Southern Railroad, S. Broad, W. Grove, Wood, Burton, Spring, S. Sage
127-15Toccoa city - That part Bounded by Avon, Elberton, Spring; S. Broad, Southern Railroad; City limits; W. Currahee
127-16Militia District 440, Toccoa - That part Bounded by County line; County line; Toccoa Creek, Little Toccoa Creek, Cedar Creek, Unnamed road from Cedar Creek to State Hwy. 17, State Hwy. 17, Toccoa city limits, Southern Railway, Militia District line; County line
127-17Militia District 440, Toccoa - That part Bounded by Little Toccoa Creek, Toccoa Creek; County line; Southern Railway, Toccoa City limits; State Hwy. 17, Unnamed road from State Hwy. 17 to Cedar Creek, Cedar Creek
127-18Militia District 440, Toccoa - That part Bounded by Southern Railway; County line; Militia District line; State Hwy. 17, Toccoa city limits
127-19Militia District 440, Toccoa - That part Bounded by Toccoa City limits; State Hwy. 17; Militia District line; Militia District line, State Hwy. 106
127-20Militia District 440, Toccoa - That part Bounded by Toccoa City limits; State Hwy. 106; Militia District line, North Broad River; State Hwy. 13
127-21Militia District 440, Toccoa - That part Bounded by Southern Railway; Toccoa city limits, State Hwy. 13, North Broad River; Militia District line; Militia District line
127-22Militia District 1473, Broad River
127-23Militia District 1647, Martin, Avalon Town
127-24Martin town
127-25Militia District 1647, Martin - That part outside Avalon and Martin towns

Wildfire, 1992 to 2020

821 fires

Every wildfire the federal occurrence database records inside this county: 821 of them, burning about 1,988 acres. 15 started naturally and 171 were recorded as arson. Each settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it.

Reported cause	Fires
Debris and open burning	380
Arson/incendiarism	171
Missing data/not specified/undetermined	81
Equipment and vehicle use	81
Railroad operations and maintenance	32
Misuse of fire by a minor	29
Smoking	18
Natural	15
Recreation and ceremony	10
Power generation/transmission/distribution	3
Fireworks	1

The five largest, by the area the report gives. One of them was set deliberately.

Date	Cause	Size	Reported by	Name on the report
15 February 1996	Debris and open burning	80 acres	Georgia Forestry Commission	not named
28 March 2004	Missing data/not specified/undetermined	79 acres	Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest	CURRAHEE MTN
18 April 2006	Smoking	75 acres	Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest	WELLS MTN.
22 February 2007	Missing data/not specified/undetermined	64 acres	Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest	CAMP MIKELL
20 April 2001	Arson/incendiarism	47 acres	Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest	BROWN'S BOTTOM
25 February 1998	Debris and open burning	45 acres	Georgia Forestry Commission	not named
25 February 2017	Missing data/not specified/undetermined	45 acres	Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest	QUARRY
6 March 2007	Debris and open burning	40 acres	Georgia Forestry Commission	not named

Every settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it - see the settlement index below.

Storms, 1957 to 2025

60 of 205 shown

The NOAA Storm Events Database holds 205 reports for this county, causing 1 death, 21 injuries and about $7,654,250 in recorded property damage. Each settlement page carries the reports that name it.

Kind of event	Reports
Thunderstorm Wind	123
Hail	58
Tornado	10
Flash Flood	10
Lightning	2
Funnel Cloud	1
Flood	1

The most serious of them, by death, then injury, then recorded damage. The accounts are quoted exactly as the forecast office filed them.

When	Event	Place named	Harm	What the report says
May 1990	Thunderstorm Wind	not stated	1 killed	no account filed
May 1989	Tornado (F2)	not stated	15 hurt, $2,500,000	no account filed
January 1971	Tornado (F1)	not stated	6 hurt, $25,000	no account filed
September 2009	Flash Flood	Toccoa Falls	$4,500,000	Severe flash flooding affected Stephens County. Numerous creeks left their banks in the central and western part of the county, including Toccoa Creek which flooded highway 17. Portions of highway 441 and 123 were also closed. At least 300 homes in the county suffered flood damage. Uninsured property losses were estimated to be over 2 million dollars, and damage to roads and water lines was estimated to be around 3 million. A 20 foot section of Dick's Hill Parkway, the major road between Toccoa and Cornelia, was washed away.
September 1977	Tornado (F1)	not stated	$250,000	no account filed
April 2002	Hail	Toccoa	$100,000	no account filed
January 2023	Lightning	Toccoa	$50,000	Spotter reported a lightning strike ignited a house fire southeast of Toccoa.
June 1998	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	$50,000	no account filed
April 2002	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	$25,000	Numerous trees and power lines were reported down near Lake Hartwell. At least one tree fell onto a house.
November 1973	Tornado (F2)	not stated	$25,000	no account filed
April 2020	Tornado (EF1)	Boydville	$20,000	NWS Storm Survey found the path of an EF1 tornado that began along W Leatherwood Rd just east of Highway 184 N. The tornado moved east/northeast, crossing Nub Garland Rd, Mize Rd, Liberty Hill Rd, Highway 17, and Whispering Pines Rd before lifting near Defoor Rd. Damage was largely confined to numerous uprooted and snapped trees and large limbs. However, a couple of homes received minor structural damage, mainly along Nub Garland Rd.
April 2020	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	$20,000	Ham radio operators reported many trees blown down throughout Stephens County, especially along Highways 123 and 328. A tree was also blown down onto a home along Century Dr near Lake Hartwell.
June 2016	Thunderstorm Wind	Tugalo	$20,000	Spotter reported multiple power poles blown down on Shorewood Cir. County comms reported a tree down on a house on Ridgemore Dr in the same area.
June 1995	Thunderstorm Wind	Avalon	$20,000	Thunderstorm winds knocked down several large trees in the area, the most extensive damage was caused by a large oak which fell upon a home on Georgia Highway 328.
June 2015	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	$10,000	County comms, spotter, and HAM radio operator reported multiple trees and large limbs blown down throughout Toccoa, including on Big A Rd and Collins Rd. Two trees fell on homes and a restaurant received minor roof damage.
August 2007	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	$10,000	Several trees blown down, with 1 tree on a house, and another on a mobile home. The mobile home received some damage.
April 2019	Flash Flood	Mize	$5,000	County comms reported flash flooding developed across Stephens County, mainly the southern and central portions after 5 to 7 inches of rain fell across the area, mostly in about a 6-hour period. Multiple roads were flooded and closed due to a combination of urban and small stream flooding. Water approached multiple homes, with some getting cut off from main roads, resulting in boat rescue of multiple residents. Affected roads included Avalon Rd, Vickery Rd, and Valley Rd.
June 1994	Tornado (F0)	Toccoa	$5,000	A weak and short-lived tornado touched down near Georgia Highway 17 and downed several large trees. Most of the trees were uprooted or twisted at the base.
August 1993	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	$5,000	Thunderstorm winds downed trees and power lines which caused scattered power outages throughout the county.
February 1997	Thunderstorm Wind	Eastanollee	$5,000	no account filed
December 1966	Tornado (F2)	not stated	$2,500	no account filed
September 2004	Thunderstorm Wind	Eastanollee	$2,000	Numerous trees and power lines were blown down.
July 2003	Thunderstorm Wind	Countywide	$2,000	Numerous trees and power lines were blown down.
June 2004	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	$1,000	Several trees were blown down onto power lines, causing some outages.
November 2003	Tornado (F0)	Toccoa	$1,000	This weak tornado blew down numerous limbs and trees along its intermittent 11-mile track. Part of a metal roof was blown off a building near Toccoa.
January 1998	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	$500	no account filed
November 1977	Tornado (F1)	not stated	$250	no account filed
April 2025	Hail	Toccoa	-	Multiple public sources reported (via Social Media) quarter size hail in the Toccoa area.
April 2025	Hail	Fairview	-	Public reported (via Social Media) mainly dime to nickel size hail, with a few stones up to quarter size.
June 2025	Thunderstorm Wind	Boydville	-	Public reported numerous trees and power lines blown down across the county, especially along the Highway 17 corridor south of Toccoa.
June 2025	Thunderstorm Wind	Tournapull	-	Public reported a tree and large limbs blown down along Cliffs Ridge Rd.
June 2025	Thunderstorm Wind	Eastanollee	-	County comms reported trees and powerlines blown down near Eastanollee.
May 2024	Thunderstorm Wind	Boydville	-	Public reported multiple trees blown downed along Highway 184.
December 2024	Thunderstorm Wind	Boydville	-	County comms reported trees blown down on Rock Quarry Cir, Jordan Rd, and South Red Rock Rd.
May 2023	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	-	County comms reported multiple trees blown down near the intersection of Rock Quarry Cir and W Currahee St.
June 2023	Hail	Mize	-	Public reported dime to half dollar size hail fell along New Hope Rd.
June 2023	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	-	Ham radio operator reported multiple trees blown down.
July 2023	Thunderstorm Wind	Avalon	-	County comms reported multiple trees blown down on roads near Martin and Avalon.
August 2023	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	-	County comms reported a few trees and power lines blown down in the Toccoa area, and numerous trees down in Eastanolle and in Martin.
August 2021	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	-	Spotter reported trees blown down off Smith Rd.
April 2021	Hail	Toccoa	-	Spotter reported dime to nickel size hail near Toccoa.
May 2020	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa Falls	-	County comms reported multiple trees blown down throughout Stephens County.
April 2020	Tornado (EF0)	Boydville	-	NWS storm survey determined that a tornado that began in Hall County and moved across portions of Habersham and Banks Counties moved into Stephens County in the area around Reservoir Number 44. The tornado uprooted multiple trees before lifting in the area around E Red Roof Rd and Old Cannon Rd.
August 2020	Thunderstorm Wind	Boydville	-	County comms reported a tree blown down on Nub Garland Rd and another tree down on Oak Valley Rd.
April 2019	Hail	Fighting Pine	-	Spotter and county comms reported quarter size hail just east of Toccoa.
April 2019	Thunderstorm Wind	Avalon	-	Law enforcement reported multiple trees blown down and blocking roads.
May 2019	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	-	County comms reported multiple trees blown down in Toccoa.
March 2018	Hail	Fairview	-	Public reported (via Social Media) mostly dime-to-nickel sized hail with a few quarter sized stones northeast of Avalon.
April 2018	Hail	Toccoa	-	Media reported 3/4 inch hail in the Toccoa area.
June 2018	Hail	Fairview	-	Spotter reported ping pong ball size hail.
October 2017	Thunderstorm Wind	Boydville	-	Media reported trees blown down along Nub Garland Rd.
July 2017	Thunderstorm Wind	Boydville	-	County comms reported trees and power lines blown down on West Currahee Street.
June 2016	Hail	Tugalo	-	Spotter reported golf ball size hail on Shorewood Cir.
May 2016	Hail	Avalon	-	Public reported dime to quarter size hail.
May 2016	Hail	Toccoa	-	Spotter reported pea to 3/4 inch hail.
June 2015	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa Falls	-	DOT reported multiple trees blown down in the Toccoa area.
May 2015	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa Falls	-	Spotter reported multiple trees blown down along Black Mountain Rd.
May 2015	Hail	Toccoa Falls	-	Spotter reported quarter size hail on Black Mountain Rd.
August 2015	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa	-	Spotter reported multiple trees and power lines blown down along Falls Rd in the vicinity of Toccoa and along Elberton St in south Toccoa.
July 2015	Thunderstorm Wind	Toccoa Falls	-	County comms reported numerous trees blown down throughout Stephens County.

Mines and quarries

3 recorded

The Survey's mineral resources record lists 3 workings inside this county. 1 still produces and 2 are closed or unrecorded. Each settlement page carries the workings within five miles of it.

Commodity	Workings
Stone, Crushed/Broken	2
Iron	1

The least common of them first, because a county's hundredth gravel pit says nothing its first ten did not.

Site	Commodity	Status	Recorded
Panther Creek Prospect	Iron	Occurrence	Pyrrhotite
Scott Brothers Quarry	Stone, Crushed/Broken	Past Producer
Toccoa Quarry	Stone, Crushed/Broken	Producer

Every populated place in the county

Named settlements recorded in the Geographic Names Information System, each with the topographic sheets covering it. Villages, hamlets and abandoned places alike. Each is shown with the nearest named watercourse or landform and the survey quadrangle it falls on. The 1 place that was also surveyed for fire insurance comes first, with the number of atlases and photographs held for them.

Toccoa

Toccoa census division · 30577 · Toccoa quadrangle

17 sheets, 1886 to 1981

Fire insurance: 7 atlases
Avalon

Martin-Avalon census division · 30557 · Avalon quadrangle

18 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Ayersville

Toccoa census division · 30577 · Near Davis Mountain · Ayersville quadrangle

18 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Boydville

Martin-Avalon census division · 30577 · On Denmans Creek · Toccoa quadrangle

17 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Carnes Creek

Martin-Avalon census division · 30577 · On Carnes Creek · Toccoa quadrangle

17 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Eastanollee

Martin-Avalon census division · 30538 · Toccoa quadrangle

17 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Fairview

Rock Creek census division · 30557 · On Flat Creek · Avalon quadrangle

18 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Fighting Pine

Rock Creek census division · 30577 · Avalon quadrangle

18 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Fowlertown

Toccoa census division · 30577 · Toccoa quadrangle

17 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Hayes Crossing

Martin-Avalon census division · 30538 · Toccoa quadrangle

17 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Jarrett

Rock Creek census division · 30577 · On Walton Creek · Avalon quadrangle

18 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Martin

Martin-Avalon census division · 30557 · Martin quadrangle

15 sheets, 1891 to 1979
Mize

Martin-Avalon census division · 30577 · Red Hill quadrangle

13 sheets, 1891 to 1979
Toccoa Falls

Toccoa census division · 30577 · On Dead Man Branch · Toccoa quadrangle

17 sheets, 1886 to 1981
Toms Creek

Martin-Avalon census division · 30538 · Martin quadrangle

15 sheets, 1891 to 1979
Union Hill

Martin-Avalon census division · 30538 · On Freeman Creek · Toccoa quadrangle

17 sheets, 1886 to 1981

Recorded here

Toccoa, Georgia

17 topographic sheets and 7 fire insurance atlases, 1893 to 1950

Everything this county holds

The complete index, with nothing left out. Each of these is a separate record with its own page: a federal survey report, or the case file that argued a property on to the National Register. Both are public domain and reproduced word for word.

Surveyed structures

1 structure

Travelers Rest

Provenance

Topographic sheets. USGS Historical Topographic Map Collection, county index, measured from the bulk metadata.
Fire insurance maps. Library of Congress Sanborn collection, faceted to this county.
Photographs. Each place queried individually against the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs search.
Wildfire. Short, Karen C. 2022. Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2020 [FPA_FOD_20221014]. 6th Edition. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2013-0009.6 Collected with United States Government funding and usable without additional permissions or fees.
Mines and quarries. USGS Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mrds/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105.
Storms. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/stormevents/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105. Narratives are quoted verbatim from the National Weather Service report and are not edited or summarised.