Plains School, Bond Street (opposite Paschal Street), Plains

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA,131-PLAIN,18-. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The school building has been vacant since although it is listed as a point of interest in the Plains tour guide, and tourists frequently pass by. Plans are presently underway to renovate the school for use as a community center.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA,131-PLAIN,18-. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter each completed eleven years of schooling here. Jimmy graduated at the top of his class of twenty-four students in and Rosalynn was the valedictorian of her class of sixteen in A vernacular example of formal Classical Revival styling, the building was erected in and was a focus of activity in the small rural town of Plains. PART I. HISTORICAL INFORMATION A. Physical History: 1. Date of erection: The keystone over the main entrance to the school is inscribed 2. Architect: Unknown. 3. Original and subsequent owners: Plat Book 13, page at the Clerk's Office, Sumter County Courthouse, Americus Georgia shows the three tracts of land purchased for use by the Plains School. Deeds are also from the Clerk's Office.

August 27, Deed Book FF, page Tract 1 was purchased by the Sumter County Board of Education from Thomas, E. Timmerman, Oliver, Wise, Clark, J.E. French and Timmerman, members of the Plains Board of Education. The rectangular lot on Bond Street was the site of the original frame school. Deeds November 3, Deed Book XX, page Wise sold to land known as Tract 2 to Murray, Wise, PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 2) Thomas and Oliver, trustees of the Plains High School, for Also on November 3, Deed Book 47, page the trustees of the Plains School sold the same tract to the Sumter County Board of Education. The tract is described as four and a half acres of land commencing "at the Northeast comer of St.

Andrews Lutheran Church lot on Wise Street and thence east along the South side of said Wise Street 255 feet to a 50 foot public street, thence South along said street a distance of 672 feet to another public street (which last named street is also 50 feet wide), thence along the northern boundary of said street in a westerly direction a distance of 466 feet to Bond Street, thence along said Bond Street north to public school lot now owned by Board of Education of Sumter Co., Ga., thence East to Southeast corner of said Church Lot, thence North feet to point of beginning on Wise Street." Deed, June 7, Deed Book 27, page Fannie Wise Crawford sold the rectangular lot south of the school property, known as Tract No. 3 to the board of trustees of the Plains School for a baseball field.

Deed February 13, Deed Book page 84. The City of Plains to the U. S. Department of the Interior, for all school property, the brick school building, metal and frame gymnasium, and masonry shop building. 4. Builder, contractor, suppliers: Ernest Wellons, a Plains resident, was the general contractor. He was the son of Reverend Augustus C. Wellons, an- active builder in Plains in the early twentieth century. 5. Original plans and construction: None have been located. 6. Alterations and additions: There have been no major alterations to the main building.

The first gymnasium was dedicated February 14, built with materials taken from dismantled army barracks at Souther Field Airport in Americus; this building burned down in A frame and metal gym north of the school was rebuilt by the lions Club (see GA-2206-A). A concrete-block teachers' lounge and bathroom has also been added to the original block. A metal fire escape was added to the west wall of the auditorium, leading to the northwest corner room of the second story. The trusses supporting the auditorium roof were stabilized with metal plates in the ' Beth Walters, History of Plains. Georgia p. 94. PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 3) B.

Historical Context: The first Plains school was a two-story frame structure facing Bond Street on the west side of the current school property. Plains citizens raised to erect this building which was first opened to students in Julia Coleman, who would later be cited by Jimmy Carter as one of the major influences in his life, began teaching English at the school in In the late there was an effort throughout Sumter County to consolidate many of the one-teacher school houses into larger, better-equipped schools.3 At his time, the Mossy Dell School and Planters Academy both merged with the Plains School.

With the consolidation came new school buildings in the towns of Union and New Era, and on August 17, the citizens of Plains followed suit and held a meeting to discuss the construction of a new school building to replace the frame structure on Bond Street.4 To finance the school, the board of trustees sold of 5 percent, 30-year serial bonds.5 Under the leadership of chairman Wise, the trustees advertised in the Manufacturer's Record for an architect to build the proposed ten-room brick or stucco building.6 Although the name of the architect is unknown, Plains residents remember that the school was erected by local builder Ernest T. Wellons, the son of Reverend Augustus C. Wellons (who constructed many homes as well as one of the Wise Hospital building on Main Street, HABS No. GA-2216).

The old frame school suffered from a one-room fire while the new school building was still under construction, and Clarence Dodson remembers his first-grade class being evacuated from the old school and taken directly to the new one to continue classes in the completed section.7 The new brick school building was one of the largest and best equipped in the county. Julia Coleman served as the principal until when she became superintendent, and Young Thomas Sheffield filled her position. The two made a strong team and have been widely praised by the Carters and the citizens of Plains. Coleman, crippled by polio, dedicated her life to her students and would often single out a specific child who either needed an extra boost, or who showed outstanding potential.

Jimmy Carter was one of these "pets." He remembered her encouraging him to read War and Peace when he was about 2 Walters, p. 93. 3 Americus Times Recorder. March 4, 4 Americus Times Recorder. August 6, 5 Manufacturer's Record. October 7, p. lists the securities as being offered at a private sale through Attorneys Shipp and Sheppard of Americus, GA 6 Manufacturer's Record. February 17, applications for the position were to be addressed to Thomas, Secretary of the board of trustees. 7 Clarence Dodson, interview. PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No.

GA-2206 (Page 4) 12 years old, a book that remains one of his favorites.8 Under Coleman's guidance, he graduated in at the top of his class; he was unable to serve as valedictorian because he and all the other boys in his graduating class decided on a whim to play hookey in the final months of their high school career. They were punished, and Jimmy had to relinquish the title to another student. In addition to acting as principal and superintendent, Coleman also taught eighth-grade English; in she stepped down from the position of superintendent to devote more time to teaching the subject. She encouraged all students to read and initiated an exchange program with the Sumter County Library so that the students had access to a large number of books.

Superintendent's reports over the years indicate that the Plains School library had the largest number of volumes in the county for many years and was constantly expanding.9 Coleman also fostered in her pupils an appreciation of the arts. She required her students to memorize poetry and Bible verses and recite them for their classmates. She also directed a variety of plays and school programs and was instrumental in bringing an acting troupe from Chautauqua, New York, to perform in the rural southern town.10 Coleman was honored by the community in May with a Julia Coleman Day celebration at which time a marker inscribed with her name was placed on the school grounds. She continued to teach until giving fifty years of service altogether.

She died in While Coleman was the creative half of the team, Sheffield had a head for business and athletics. He rallied the community together to construct a new gymnasium and vocational building which was dedicated February 14, and named Sheffield Stadium in his honor. At the dedication service, Mamie McDonald Bradley donated to the vocational department worth of tools belonging to her late husband, John McDonald of the Oliver-McDonald Furniture Company.11 The gymnasium burned to the ground in and Jimmy Carter remembers that afterwards he and his basketball team had to play their home games at Preston High School.

The Lions Club, under the leadership of Wise, raised money for the current gym to be constructed in the In the Plains High School was designated by the State Board of Education as a "model" or laboratory school to be used as an example to others in the area.12 In the superintendent's annual report, the laboratory and home-economic equipment was valued the highest of any rural school in the * Jimmy Carter, Why Not the Best?, p. 31. 9 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 10 Walters, p. 94. 11 Americus Times Recorder. February IS, 12 Americus Times Recorder. June 10, PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 5) county. Plains also led the county in the amount of financial support from city donations.

The school had thirteen teachers and a total of 259 students, 143 in the primary school and 116 in the secondary. The superintendent's report from indicates that a lunchroom and worth of lunchroom equipment was added that year. The school still led the county in its number of library volumes and vocational equipment.13 By the late all the county schools had been integrated, and many were being divided into separate primary and secondary schools. In Plains was the smallest school in the county that still had twelve grades; in the primary school was moved south of the railroad tracks to the Westside Elementary School, formerly the Rosenwald School for black children. Plains High School closed in and students began attending classes at the county high school in Americus.

After ten years of neglect, the school building has suffered from water damage and now poses a health risk due to large quantities of exposed asbestos. Because the school was attended by the nation's thirty-ninth president, it has been designated as part of the Jimmy Carter National Historic Site and was donated by the City of Plains to the National Park Service in The townspeople of Plains, Congressman Richard Ray, and the Carter's themselves are currently involved in an effort to renovate the school to its condition when Jimmy Carter was a student. The primary area slated for renovation is the auditorium, which was the centerpiece of the whole school as well as the town. Jimmy Carter remembers it as the town's only secular gathering place.

Municipal and Parent Teachers Association meetings, plays, recitals, assemblies and graduation ceremonies were held in this room. It was also here that Julia Coleman provided inspiration for Plains students during daily half-hour chapel services. Rosalynn remembered that a list of World War II soldiers missing in action was maintained on the auditorium wall during her years there. Jimmy Carter said, "If you ask anyone in Plains what the focus of their life was when they were growing up, it would be this auditorium." PART II. ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION A. General Statement: 1. Architectural character: This Classical Revival structure is undoubtedly the most impressive structure in the small town.

Boasting colossal columns in the main block and Doric porticoes at each of the four secondary entrances, this Palladian-inspired building was like many such school buildings being built throughout South Georgia in the 2. Condition of fabric: The school is in fair to poor condition. Although the 13 Superintendent's annual reports. PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 6) brick structure and foundations are in good condition, with some cracking around the windows due to settling, the building's major problem is the presence of asbestos. Exterior wood trim has rotted in places, and the exterior concrete coping needs some repair. On the interior, the walls are in fair condition, although in areas the plaster and lath in areas has failed.

The floor suffers from some buckling and rotting, especially in the hall in the west wing. The ceilings throughout are in poor condition; ceiling panels are sagging and torn out, revealing the toxic asbestos that in many rooms has fallen to the floor. B. Description of Exterior: 1. Overall dimensions: This bilaterally symmetrical five-part plan consists of a two-story square central block, with two rectangular one-story wings, connected to the central block by one-story hyphens. Attached to the rear of the central block is a one-story, four-bay auditorium. At the intersections of the auditorium with the hyphens are one-story, rectangular bathrooms, one for boys on the east and for girls on the west.

A one-story teacher's lounge has been added at the rear of the school at the intersection of the hyphen with the east wing. The south and north facades of the central block are and project in front of the connected hyphens and wings. The south/front facade consists of six bays with central double doors in the first story of the third and fourth bays. The two-bay, one-story hyphens joining the central block to the wings are 43' x 24' deep and mirror each other. The x 35' east and west wings, which are arranged with their sides adjacent to the hyphens, project beyond the hyphens, but not - as far as the central block. 2. Foundations: A brick soldier-course watertable articulates the foundation on all facades. 3.

Walls: All exterior walls are 13" thick, constructed of red brick stained with a powdery red pigment; only the teacherVlounge addition is concrete block painted red to match the brick. The bricks between the square piers and the columns on thQ south facade differ from the whole in that they have been painted white. The bricks in the first and second stories of the central block facade are laid in Flemish bond coursings, and two soldier-course stringcourses run between the first and second stories. The rest of the building is constructed in American bond with flush mortar joints. A soldier-course watertable surrounds the building at the first-floor level.

A stringcourse corresponding with the ceiling line is formed by a single course of projecting headers flanked by a single row of projecting stretchers. The central, two-story block is defined on all corners by massive PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 7) square concrete piers supporting a continuous Doric frieze that surrounds the entire central block. The facade is broken into three sections by four evenly spaced engaged Tuscan columns of the colossal scale extending from the watertable to the Doric frieze. The inner two columns divide the second and third bay and the fourth and fifth bay and define the entrance area. The outer two columns stand just inside the massive square piers that define the ends of the facade.

The paired columns and piers at either end of the facade, share massive rectangular brick pedestals which extend the height of the foundation to the watertable. The inner columns stand on similar pedestals of the same height, which flank the entrance landing. The walls of the east facade of the east wing and the west facade of the west wing are identical except that the ground level is about a foot higher on the latter. Both the east and west facades are articulated into three large bays. Between the bays are square drain pipes extending from the ground to the stringcourse. 4- Structural system, framing: Load-bearing brick with wood framing on the interior. The auditorium has an exposed-truss ceiling. 5.

Porches, stoops: The main entrance to the central block features a wide parallel run of eight concrete steps flanked by canted brick wingwalls with concrete coping. The steps and stoops leading to the four porticoes on the north and south ends of the two wings and door at the rear of the auditorium are similar in treatment to the main entrance, but only about half as wide. The stairs leading to the bathrooms on the rear sides of the hyphens are perpendicular runs leading to small covered porches. 6. Chimneys: A massive brick stack is attached to the southeast corner of - the auditorium near the central block; the stringcourse continues around it. Two brick chimneys rise from the south sides of the east and west slopes of the central-block roof. 7. Openings: a.

Doorways and doors: The main entrance in the central block consists of paired doors under a six-light transom. One or both of the doors have been replaced, and they do not match. The door to the left is a two-panel six-light door and the door on the right has two cross panels and six lights. Four identical porticoes, on the north and south sides of the east and west wings, lead to the hallways that span the length of the two wings. The porticoes on the west wing are to the far east of the facades, and the porticoes on the east wing are on the far west of the facades. Each portico consists of a single, wood, six-light, two-cross-panel door. Set in a white wood frame, the brickwork above the door forms a flat arch. Wood PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No.

GA-2206 (Page 8) Tuscan columns in front of matching wood pilasters support a plain Doric pediment with five evenly spaced triglyphs. The left column of the portico on the north side of the east wing has been replaced with a wood pier. The doors on the back side of the school leading to the porches of the boys and girls bathrooms are nine-light, two-cross- panel as is the door leading into the boys' bath room. The door to the girls' bathroom has been replaced with a flat metal door. The auditorium also has two entrances on the north side. The entrance to the west has been enclosed in a wooden shed with asbestos siding. A six-cross-panel door leads to the north side of the shed.

The door leading to the east side of the auditorium is a two-cross-panel, one-light door with the glazing painted over. b. Windows and shutters: The front facade features five paired windows, three on the second story and two on the first, flanking the main entrance. Each pair featured a soldier-course flat arch with a concrete keystone. The east and west facades of the central block are fenestrated on the second story. On the west side, toward the north end of the facade, is a band of five windows. The east side of the central block has a band of four windows on the left and a single window to the right. The hyphens have asymmetrical fenestration consisting of paired windows on the sides nearest the central block and a band of five windows in the bays nearest the wings.

Windows for the most part are six-over-six-light, double-hung sash in various groupings except for the sides of the wings, which each feature three bands of six jalousie windows with louvers. The windows - on the side facades of the auditorium are grouped in threes, each grouping sharing a concrete sill and topped by a flat arch in the brickwork. In the northernmost bays of both sides of the auditorium, a pair of windows set slightly higher than the rest correspond with the raised backstage area on the interior. The lavatories each have two windows. 8. Roof: a. Shape, covering: The central, two-story block has a shallow- hipped roof with a flat deck. The one-story hyphens and wings are cross-gable roofs concealed behind brick parapets.

Wide battlement parapets ornament the east and west facades of the wings, with three raised sections corresponding to the glazing below, while the north and south facing ends of the wings have parapets. The auditorium features a steep gable roof also with a parapet. The parapets throughout are topped by soldier-course brickwork with white concrete coping. Shallow-pitched shed roofs PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 9) cover the and bathrooms; the teachers' lounge and the portico roofs are covered with standing-seam metal. b. Cornice, eaves: The central block features a massive Doric frieze and overhanging closed eaves. C. Description of Interior: 1. Floor plans: a. First Floor: The main doors of the central block lead to a wide T-shaped central hall.

The Carters both recall that students lined up by class in this area on rainy days awaiting the first bell. A door on the west side of this hall leads to the principal's office, to which removable partitions have recently been added. Rosalynn Carter recalled that there was a bulletin board in the hall for announcements. A door on the east side of the hall leads to a room that was used as a library during the years the Carters attended the school. Along the north wall of the main hall is the stairway leading to the second floor; to either side of the stairwell are doors to the auditorium. Large masonry arches separate the central block and the hyphens. The east-west running halls in the hyphens terminate at halls running from north to south in the east and west wings.

Doors to the bathrooms are located on either side of the auditorium doors. b. Auditorium: The auditorium is 63'-lOtt deep with a large stage at the north end. Two aisles divide the seating into three groups; the side sections consist of sixteen rows of six chairs across, the central area, twenty rows of fourteen chairs. The seats and backs of the chairs are wood in metal frames with a wire cage underneath the seat for book storage. The chairs on the ends of each row have decorative panels with inscribed in them. The stage is raised about 4' off the floor and features a large round apron with footlights. Dark wood classical pilasters supporting a wood lintel with a plain cornice form the proscenium arch. A faded curtain with the letters PHS hangs on the stage.

Rosalynn Carter recalled that it used to be blue and white, the school colors. Parallel runs of seven steps along the east and west walls lead to the backstage area. The rooms on either side of the stage have two windows as well as two doors, one leading to the stage and the other to a hall nrnning behind the stage. In this back hall is a ladder that ascends to a trap door, giving access to the area over the stage for lighting or set purposes. The stage lights central box is located on the north PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 10) wall of the backstage room, east of the stage. c. Hyphens: The one-story hyphens mirror each other in plan and elevation and feature 47' halls with two rooms on the south wall and one room on the north.

In the east hyphen, the westernmost room is lined with bookshelves bearing textbooks recently used by Plains High School students; the easternmost room is approximately 24' x 28' and is currently being used by the National Park Service as a storage area for the school library books and other historical materials relating to the Jimmy Carter On the east side north wall of the hall is a boys bathroom with three stalls on the south wall. The bathroom is entered via first leaving the building by a door on the north wall of the hall leading to a small outdoor porch. The door to the boys' bathroom is on the east wall. In the west hyphen, the girls' bathroom mirrors the boys' but has four stalls.

The easternmost classroom on the south wall of the hall once adjoined the principal's office, but the door has been sealed. The westernmost room was where Julia Coleman taught ninth-grade English. It now contains seven science tables with sinks and gas fixtures. d. Wings: The east wing was used for the primary grades before the school was converted to a high school in An approximately 10' wide hall runs the length of the 87' wing with three rooms along the east wall. The northeast room has built-in wood cabinets with sinks running the length of the south wall; the southeast room is filled with old desks and chairs. A concrete- block teachers' lounge and bathroom is on the west side of the - hall, north of the hyphen.

With the exception of this addition, the west wing mirrors the east, and was used for the secondary school before e. Second floor: Only the central block contains a second floor. It was used for home-economics classes and later, as a lunchroom; it consists of an L-shaped hall leading to three rooms. A small area east of the stairwell has a single, east-facing window and is the location of fuse boxes. This space is lit by a band of four windows facing east. A door to the right of the south wall of this room leads to a smaller room that contains large cabinets. A door on the west side of this storage room leads to a long, rectangular room that spans the balance of the south wall, which was used as a lunchroom beginning in the 2.

Stairways: The main stairway rises from east to west along the north wall of the central hall. The first landing, left of the west entrance to the auditorium, is approached by a three-riser parallel run. A PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 11) perpendicular run of ten risers leads to a second landing underneath the well opening to the second floor, and another perpendicular run of fourteen risers leads to the second floor. Each landing is defined by a plain newel post with a broad square top. The balustrade has a broad flat handrail and two square balusters per riser. Parallel runs of seven risers leading to the backstage area in the auditorium have the same balustrades as the main stairway. 3.

Flooring: The floors throughout are wood, with the floorboards running in a north-south direction in the central hall, the auditorium, and the east and west wings; they run east to west in the hyphens. The northeast classroom in the east wing has period linoleum covering the wood and the teachers' lounge is floored with modern linoleum. 4. Wall and ceiling finish: Walls throughout are lathe and plaster. They appear to have been painted many times, most recently a mint-green color. The partition walls added in the principal's office are modern wood-look paneling. The ceilings throughout the halls and classrooms are with wood tongue-and-groove painted white. The auditorium ceiling is an open gable finished with a dark-stained tongue-and-groove wood.

Three massive wood trusses span the room and support the roof. 5. Openings: a. Doorways and doors: The doors throughout the school are wood with large rectangular transoms. Most of the transoms have three lights, although some have no glazing or have been replaced by one light transoms (that in some cases have been painted over). - Double doors with four-light glazing lead to the auditorium. All of the classrooms on the first floor have one door each leading to the hallway except for Julia Coleman's room which had two; the second has recently been covered over with a bookshelf, however. All rooms on the second floor have one door opening into the hallway and additional doors allowing access between the rooms. b.

Windows: Circulation of air and dispersion of light is provided in each of the rooms by several hopper windows the same size and on the same level as the transoms over the doors. 6. Decorative features and trim: A 4' high chair rail is uniform throughout the building, as well as a picture rail 2' down from the ceiling. Partitioned coat- and book-storage areas line the east wall of the west wing, the east and west walls of the east wing, and the north and south walls of the halls in the hyphens. These wood "lockers" consist of individual bookshelves above vertical spaces with coat hooks. There are PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 12) two large closets on the south wall of the east hall in the central block.

Each classroom features one or more black or green chalkboard and cork bulletin boards. 7. Mechanical equipment: a. Heating, air conditioning, ventilation: Historically, the school was not air conditioned; an air-conditioning unit has been installed in the easternmost room in the east hyphen. The room also has temperature- and humidity-control equipment because it is used to store historic items. The school was heated by wood- or coal- burning stoves, and each classroom has a projecting stovepipe flue near the ceiling on an exterior wall. The flues are along the parapets of the roof. Steam heat replaced the stove heat and there is a large furnace in the basement. Additionally, two large space heaters are suspended from the ceiling in the auditorium, and two more are in the hyphen halls.

In the center of the gable of the auditorium is a louvered vent. b. Lighting: Fluorescent strip fixtures illuminate the halls and classrooms. Single-bulb fixtures in the auditorium are placed on the cross beams of the truss system supporting the roof. c. Plumbing: Plumbing units flanking the large room on the east side of the second floor indicate it was used for cooking instruction. Two sink units remain in the room, although they have been pulled out from the wail. There is also a sink on the north wall of the westernmost room in the east hyphen. Additional sinks are in the northernmost room in the east wing. The teachers' bathroom has one sink and one toilet, the girls' bathroom has four toilets and the boys' bathroom has three. D. Site: 1.

General setting and orientation: The school faces south with two gravel drives leading from Bond Street to the front of the building. A large field in front of the school features a baseball field. Northeast of the school is a basketball court 2. Historic landscape design: In the the school was noted for its landscape, and thanks to the efforts of Julia Coleman, it won an award from the Junior Garden Clubs of America. She began a tradition of planting a small tree for every child bom in the town in a garden called the "baby row" located west of the school. In Julia Coleman Day was declared in her honor in Plains, and a marker inscribed with her name was placed in the garden. PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 13) 3. Outbuildings: a.

Gymnasium: Directly behind the school is a large frame and corrugated-metal gymnasium constructed in the by the Plains Lions Club (see HABS No. GA-2206-A). It features a basketball court and bleachers under a gable roof. b. Shop: A rectangular, gable-roofed agricultural shop was built in the early on the northern line of the property on Hospital Street. PART III. SOURCES OF INFORMATION A. Original Architectural Drawings: None have been located. B. Early Views: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Aerial photographs: shows school as it is today but with no gymnasium. There is a front-facing gable structure in back of the school on Hospital Street; two outbuildings have been added.

Where there was a front-facing building in there is now the side-facing gable agricultural building, but no gymnasium; Gymnasium is now in place; school now has two rectangular outbuildings on the east side. Photograph of the original frame school on Bond Street taken in the Seaboard Air Rail Line promotional bulletin on Plains, Georgia, located at the Lake Blackshear Public Library, Americus, Georgia. Early photograph of the Plains High School, Photography Department of the Ledger-Enquirer Newspapers. Columbus, Georgia. C. Interviews: Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter, videotaped interview by Edwin C. Bearss, National Park Service, May Plains, Georgia. Clarence Dodson, interview by Elizabeth Barthold, August 2, Plains, Georgia. D.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS GA,131-PLAIN,18-. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

1. Primary and unpublished sources: Deeds and Plats are from the Clerk's Office, Sumter County Courthouse, PLAINS SCHOOL (Plains High School) HABS No. GA-2206 (Page 14) Americus, Georgia. Local Superintendents' Annual Reports, Records of the Office of Staff Services, Department of Education. Record Group 12, Sub Group 22, Series 64. Georgia Department of Archives and History, Atlanta, Georgia. 2. Secondary and published sources: Plains School Planned: Bond Election to be Held Aug. The Americus Times Recorder. August 6, Carter, Jimmy, Why Not the Best?. Nashville, Terui.: Broadman Press, "Construction News," Manufacturer's Record, February 17, p. "Gymnasium is Dedicated by Plains School," The Americus Times Recorder. February 15, "New Securities," Manufacturer's Record. October 7, p.

"Plains High School Selected as One of Model Schools of State," The Tri- Countv News. June 10, p. 4. "Rural School News," The Americus Times Recorder. March 4, Walters, Beth, History of Plains. Georgia Americus, Georgia: " Gammage Print Shop. Prepared by: Elizabeth Barthold Project Historian National Park Service Summer