Allen County, Ohio - Chapter 16: Public Institutions, 1906

Chapter 16: Public Institutions

The Allen County Infirmary - The Allen County Children's Home - The Lima Hospital - The Lima Public Library - The Carnegie Gift and the New Library Building - The Lima Water Works - The Postoffice and Postmasters of Lima - The Federal Building - Federal Officers - The Allen County Fair - Sale of Fair Grounds to Lima Driving Park Association - The Proposed New State Hospital for the Insane.

The institutions under the direct control of a State are always an index to the character of the citizenship of the State. It is greatly to the advantage of the people to have the strong arm of the government, State and National, control those institutions, which so widely affect the body politic. It is a trite saying that whatever the State does, is well done. Ohio has always stoutly maintained the principle of Algernon Sidney that the governor obtains his power only by consent of the governed. Hence the people's will has been the only guide, and the people have asked for a strong institutions of a public nature, supported by the public, for the good of all concerned. This idea found firm footing in Allen County, and the result is a large number of public institutions, amply equipped and ably managed. The county, at public expense, cares for the indigent and the homeless ; clothes and educates the orphan, and administers to the sick - in fact acts as a broadminded, public-spirited benefactor of the people, whose child it is.

Allen County is not remiss in the mainte-- nance of charitable institutions. The buildings known as the County Infirmary were erected in 1 8 57-58 on the County Poor Farm, which is located in Bath township about four miles from the Court House, and occupies the southwest quarter of section 22, the northwest half of the northwest quarter of section 27, and the northeast half of the northeast quarter of section 28 of said township.

The first infirmary building was built by John P. Haller. The contract was let to him in February 5, 1857, for the sum of $3,975. The building was accepted June 8, 1859, and forms the rear part of the present structure. In 1874 a three-story addition was built at a cost of $12,461 and about 15 years later another addition of two stories was constructed, which completed the building as it now stands. A view of the infirmary is shown elsewhere in this work. The first board of directors elected in 1858 was comprised as follows. John B. Reeder, David Bryte and James Chenoweth. Previous to the election, however, Curtis Baxter, Shelby Taylor and David Bryte were appoined directors. The following have been superintendents: John W. Waters, Daniel Stevick, J. N. Shane, Martin V. Blair, Joshua L. Dunlevv, Amos Young, David Baxter and Frank Fraunfelter, the present incumbent.

The last annual report gave the number of inmates as 93, and the expenses of the institution for the year ending September, 1905, as $15,119.62. The sanitary condition of the in-

.stitution is perfect and every comfort is provided for the county's infirm. It is under the supervision of the Infirmary Directors, consisting of David Stepleton, Christian H. Mosier, and J. E. Eversole.

On September 4, 1891, at a special meeting of the Board of County Commissioners, composed of William Bice, John Amstutz and John Akerman and C. D. Crites as clerk of the board, 80 bonds of $500 each were signed and delivered to the highest bidder, the proceeds of which were to be expended in the erection of a Children's Home for Allen County.

On September 15, 1891, the plans and specifications of Architect J. A. Chapin, with some modifications recommended by the State Board of Charities, were adopted by the board. On June 8, 1892, additional bonds for the sum of $10,000 were sold, being the second and final issue of bonds for the site and erection thereon of a Children's Home for Allen County.

The Children's Home originally had 8 y/z acres, but now the farm contains 1523/2 acres of as fine farm land as can be found in Shawnee township. There is a fine spring near the roadside, which refreshes many a weary traveler.

On December 10, 1892. the commissioners appointed the following directors: Alexander Shenk, William M. Melville and John Berryman. The present directors are: D. H. Sullivan, David E. Hover and Owen Francis. The president is Alexander Shenk, of Delphos, Ohio. The former superintendent and matron were Mr. and Mrs. F. Blair. The present incumbents are Mr. and Mrs. David W. Higby. The governesses are Mrs. Jennie Erwin, and Ella Hickman. J. F. Garner is teacher of the home school.

The children's Home is one of the l>est managed institutions of the State, maintained as a home for orphan children. The home, a view of which appears on another page of this book, consists of three large buildings including a school and workshop. The children are given the care of trained nurses. This institution is free to residents of Allen County when unable

Number of children from Allen County in the home, 50; number of children from other counties in the home, 30; number of pupils in the home school, 60.

The Lima Hospital

As Lima struggled from a village into a city and its energetic citizens had demonstrated that its permanency and growth were assured, the less fortunate began to increase in numbers, and a feeling began to grow among many of the people that something ought to be done to give the unfortunate sick and suffering, scientific and humane care and nursing. In 1894 a movement was started to build a hospital and a play was given, but the city was not yet large enough to stand the cost of establishing a home for the sick, and the proceeds of this play were saved and with accrued interest amounted to $372.82 when turned over to the present hospital.

From time to time charitable and publicspirited citizens agitated the question, and so the hospital germ was kept alive until October, 1897, when the Pastors' Union of the city earnestly took up the necessity for a hospital and determined that they would neglect no effort to stir the hearts of charitable people, that a place might be provided where the unfortunate sick should have proper nursing and treatment. It was most proper that the pastors should head this movement, for they are the agents of the Great Master of Charity.

The Pastors' Union appointed a committee to confer with the Allen County Medical Society, and the physicians, who best know the value of a comfortable home for the sick with proper care and nursing, heartily joined hands with the pastors in the project for a Hospital.

A joint committee of the Pastors' Union and the Allen County Medical Society called a meeting at one of the churches for Sunday evening, November 7, 1897. This meeting was largely attended and manifested its entire sympathy with the movement. A hospital society was organized at this meeting and committees on by-laws and subscriptions were appointed.

On November 15, 1897, a meeting was held and the name "Lima City Hospital Society," with a constitution and by-laws, was adopted, and a committee was appointed to nominate 12 trustees. On November 22, 1897, this committee reported the names for trustees and they were elected. On November 26, 1897, the trustees organized and elected officers.

Committees were appointed to push the work of obtaining subscriptions by dividing the city into districts and appointing sub-committees. An invitation was extended to the Lima Lodge of Elks to give an entertainment for the benefit of the Hospital fund.

At the next meeting of the trustees the Elks reported that the invitation had been accepted by their lodge by a unanimous rising vote and said : "We feel the great necessity for a place where the halt, the lame, and the blind, without regard to creed or nationality, can be taken in and their burdens lightened. There is nothing that could command our more hearty support. We thank you for the honor you have conferred upon us.

Right nobly did the Elks show their charity, do justice, work out brotherly love, and prove their fidelity in preparing and giving this entertainment, which delighted and entertained all the good people of Lima, and many from the neighboring towns, and netted for the hospital fund, $816.30.

On October 30, 1898, the trustees met to consider the securing of a site for a hospital, as sufficient funds were on hand and subscribed to encourage the trustees to take up this question, and, although a large amount was still needed, the trustees resolved that the only way to have a hospital was to get one, and they felt that the charitable people of Lima were in earnest and would supply the funds when they saw the hospital.

For many weeks the trustees met nearly every Sunday afternoon, and the work of soliciting subscriptions and finding a hospital location was vigorously prosecuted.

On November 27, 1898, the trustees decided to purchase the Overmyer property on East Market street, if sold at the judicial sale at a satisfactory price, and a committee of three was appointed to attend the sale and bid on the property. The committee bid off the property for $3,635, and the title was taken in the name of Dr. S. B. Hiner, as trustee for the Lima City Hospital Society, as the society was not incorporated. The purchase of this property gave the hospital project new and greater impetus. The property had a frontage on East Market street of 100 feet and a depth of 216- feet on Scott street and had a large substantial two-story brick house. The lot is underlaid with gravel and it was a most desirable location, being central, yet removed from noise, and was worth much more than the price paid, for hospital purposes.

On January 15, 1899, the trustees appointed a board of 20 lady managers. No band of women ever worked more earnestly and effectively "for sweet charity's sake." No work was too laborious, no discouragement too great, to disturb their earnest co-operation and. patient devotion to this noble work. They made a warm place for the hospital in the hearts of the people, and too much credit and honor cannot be given to them for the modern, well-equipped hospital in which all our citizens feel a pride.

On January 29, 1899, the trustees decided to incorporate the hospital under the name "Lima Hospital Society," and a committee was appointed to have this done.

On February 1, 1899, the incorporation \yas completed and filed in the office of the Secretary of State. Dr. S. B. Hiner, as trustee, conveyed the hospital property to the Lima Hospital Society and from that date the incorporated society had full control of the hospital and all of its interests.

The Knights of Pythias, Knights of St. John, Lima Club, German Citizens Concert, True Blues, Woman's Veteran Relief Union, Barbers' Union, and Dorcas Society gave entertainments or raised funds in some manner for the hospital, and the benevolent orders assisted by donations; the by-laws provided for life memberships upon the payment of $50 and many became life members.

The good people of Lima at last saw a completed hospital and on April 1, 1899, came the opening. The board of lady managers took charge of this and thus insured a success. Hundreds of people came and were surprised and gratified with the arrangement of the hospital and the completeness of all its furnishings and equipment.

From the opening the hospital has been run on strictly non-sectarian lines and any inmate can have the spiritual adviser desired. Charity is broader than any sect, and every creed and belief in the city has given the hospital earnest and continued support.

The hospital was so well conducted that it commanded the confidence of the physicians and brought many pay-patients from other places, and soon the demand was greater than the capacity, and the trustees were confronted with the necessity of enlarging it.

In the spring of 1899, the Council made a levy for the hospital and have continued this each year, and the hospital receives and cares for the unfortunate sick of the city, and members of the police force and fire department, when sick, or injured in the line of their duty.

With this help from the city and earnings from pay-patients, a small fund had been accumulated, and the trustees felt justified in enlarging the hospital.

On March 8, 1901, the building committee was instructed to have plans and specifications prepared for a new building, and it was resolved to establish a building fund.

The board of lady managers again showed their earnest cooperation by starting this fund with $700, which they had made and saved from their work and entertainments. The new building was built north of and adjoining the former building. It is 42 feet by 48 feet, two stories high, with a good basement and attic and was ready for use in September, 1901.

The hospital, as now fully completed and furnished, is steam heated throughout ; has a first-class operating room ; bath rooms, and accommodations for 35 patients; it is modern in every respect and one of the best of its size in the State.

In connection with the hospital, a training school for nurses was opened January 1, 1902. The class in March, 1902, numbered five, who were under the immediate supervision of the chief nurse, Alice Henderson. The course covers a period of two years in study and training. A course of lectures has been arranged which provides for two lectures per week by different members of the hospital staff. This is expected to result in great benefit to the hospital, as well as affording worthy young women an opportunity to fit themselves for a profitable and worthy occupation.

At the annual meeting of the Lima Hospital Society held January 15, 1906, the following trustees and officers were elected : Trustees - S. S. Wheeler, Walter B. Richie,

During the course of the meeting Dr. Hiner submitted his annual report, which showed that the total receipts for 1905 were $8,937.44, with total expenditures amounting to $9,209.39. The total deficit in current expenses including the deficits for 1904 and 1905, amounted to $518.39. The receipts were classified as coming from four sources, namely: Pay-patients, $5,557.42 ; City of Lima, $2,- 993.98; life memberships, $185 ; and donations, etc., $201.04. During 1905, 395 patients were admitted, of which number 270 were pay patients.

The purchase of the home for the nurses added $3,000 to the indebtedness of the society, which also owed $1,000 for building account and $31.50 accrued interest, making, with the deficit in current expenses, a total indebtedness of $4,549.89. The hospital property is valued at $25,000. The removal of the nurses to their home increased the hospital capacity by six bedst making it possible at the present time to accommodate 37 patients. Nine nurses are now in training. During 1905 the medical staff cared for 132 charity patients.

The board of lady managers of the hospital submitted their report for the period from April 15 to December 31, 1905, which showed that the total realized from their efforts was $943.57 in cash. The board also replenished and left well stocked the linen closets of the hospital and did much work not only for the comfort of the patients but for the nurses as well. It furnished the new home for the nurses and expended $279.31 in furnishings, repairs and painting. It expended on the hospital proper $537.20, besides which a new range was placed in the hospital kitchen at a cost of $224. An unexpended balance of $127.06 was handed over to the board of trustees to be used as was deemed necessary.

The Lima Public Library 1

Years ago, so many in fact, that it must be but a hazy memory to any but the oldest living residents of Lima, a Reading Club, composed of men and women, both young and middleaged, was organized for the two-fold purpose of social intercourse and mutual improvement.

This club read in a desultory, but delightful, way, that which was held at the time to be "classic" in literature. Neither current topics, nor the new books were much discussed at these meetings of "auld lang syne," but many papers of unquestioned merit were read, and an occasional discussion was had of some subject of vital importance to the public. At such times, if Judge James Mackenzie and C. N. Lamison were present, nothing was wanting to make the occasion memorable.

The public library movement, then in its infancy in this country, was the question of the hour at a never to be forgotten session held at the residence of Judge Thomas M. Robb.

Because of the forcible arguments for and against the proposition to establish a Public Library in the village of Lima, and the decision called forth by a vote taken on the issue, it proved to be a "red letter" event in the history of the club. Before adjourning an "attempt to establish a Public Library in Lima," as our president wisely put it, was authorized, and Judge James Mackenzie, Olivia Meily and Martha Richardson were appointed a committee "to proceed in the matter as they saw fit and proper."

As one now recalls it, the demands made on the public for aid in the enterprise were very modest. No money was asked for and no new books purchased. In lieu of these, books and magazines were solicited from all interested citizens, especialy from those having comparatively well-equipped libraries. It was a creditable showing of books thus gathered, and they were placed in Judge Mackenzie's office to be given out at his discretion.

The demand for reading matter was not so great then as it is to-day, but this little library proved a boon to the genuine book lovers of the town.

After the first generous contribution of literature had served its purpose, the venture for many obvious reasons, languished. With his growing legal duties, the self-imposed task of librarian proved too onerous for Judge Mackenzie ; no money was forthcoming for new books, and the library, as a whole, was transferred to the "Rosicrucians" club and made a part of their possessions.

Although not apropos to the subject under discussion in this article, one may be pardoned when he digresses to pay tribute to the memory of the many brilliant, forceful and ambitious young men who made up from time to time, the roster of the "Rosicrucians." This club, social and literary in its purpose, was an honor to Lima, and in the manly fiber of its membership has known no superior.

Of this coterie of long ago, but few are left. Among these are H. A. Holdridge, James Irvine, Dr. Cloyd Jacobs and Dr. S. A. Baxter. Numbered among those who "sleep to wake" are Capt. Mart Armstrong. Judge C. M. Hughes, Gen. L. M. Meily, James Anderson, and Calvin S. Brice. There were certain characteristics in most of these men which gives the writer of this article heartfelt pleasure to recall. There was a directness and vivid reality in their conversation; a gift for reaching their hearers at once, due to the self respect and self-reliance, which strength of purpose always creates.

Brief as was the history of the first public library movement in Lima, it cannot be said that its influence was wholly lost. It served, at least, as a stepping stone for a later and more effective organization.

Under the auspices of the Chautauqua movement, in the early '8o's, the first regularly organized and systematic course of study was adopted by a club made up of the following Lima women: Mrs. C. M. Hughes, Mrs. Angerona Thrift, Mrs. J. E. Brotherton, Mrs. J. R. Hughes, Mrs. James Irvine, Mrs. Margaret Rumple, Mrs. S. A. Baxter, Mrs. Frances Mitchell Baxter, Mrs. C. S. Brice, Mrs. Elizabeth Freeman, Mrs. Martha J. Ballard, Mrs. J. N. Harrington and Mrs. H. A. Holdridge. Out of the growing | demands for better literary facilities on the part of this club, and an ardent desire to promote the best welfare of the town, came the next public library movement. It met with an immediate and enthusiastic approval from all good citizens. A library association was formed and I. S. Motter was made its president. An entertainment committee was appointed with Mrs. J. F. Brotherton as chairman. A "paper festival," given by the influential women of the town, proved a signal success. A paper, edited by John F. Brotherton and Mrs. John Harley,, was published in the interest of the good cause. A detailed account of the amount accomplished by this band of faithful workers cannot be giv-" en here. Suffice it to say that through the many agencies employed a generous sum of money was realized.

Judge James Mackenzie, Goodrich Nicholsand Mrs. C. S. Brice were appointed a committee to purchase books. The work was nobly done, and the library formed was one of unusual excellence. In order that the general public might have easy access to the books a room was set apart in the Court House to that end.

This second Public Library failed, in a measure of realizing the fond hopes of its promoters. Lack of resources compelled the association to yield their cherished plans until a more propitious season, when a certain and assured revenue could be established and bettermethods found.

The last public library movement in our city, and one that has come to stay, was inaugurated in the fall of 1900. With the many art music and literary clubs, with which our community abounds, there was felt, as never before, the necessity for more reference books and supplementary helps along the lines of their varied work. Then, too, the expansion of the library movement in other towns of less population than ours aroused the civic pride of our progressive women to such' an extent that it would not "down." Several of the clubs at their first meeting in the year narned urged vigorous and immediate action.

As an advance courier, Mrs. O. W. Smith, of the Woman's Club, made a strong appeal for the library cause through the columns of our newspapers.

But the spirit had "touched the waters" and they were troubled pretty generally, it would seem, as close upon this action of the clubs came the announcement that a number of our influential men at a meeting called for that purpose, had reorganized the library association formed in 1882.

The Lima Public Library Ii

This reawakening among the men was almost entirely due to Herbert L. Brice. It had been a dream of his to rouse the citizens to action in the matter of a permanent library for Lima and for some time before the attention of the people was generally called to the proposition, he had discussed plans with a number of the leading citizens, which he afterwards formulated. At his suggestion the old association of 1882 was reorganized and for the first time in the annals of the library movement an organization was put on a thoroughly systematized and sure basis.

To the regret of all those who lent their support to the movement, Mr. Brice was forced to withdrew his services on account of ill health, shortly after the library opened and was never again well enough to take any part in its progress.

The Public Library as it is to-day is a monument to his memory ; and the Carnegie Library when completed will be a realization of his fondest hopes ; for it was through his efforts that we were put upon Mr. Carnegie's list of benefactions.

The reorganized association elected as its board of library directors: L. S. Motter, president; Herbert L. Brice, vice-president; G. M. Sprague, secretary; J. W. Roby, treasurer; James O. Older, J. W. Van Dyke and C. C. Miller. The various women's clubs were invited to co-operate and a plan was suggested and followed which gave the movement a start financially. Life membership tickets were sold for $1 each and the club women disposed of about 400 of these; individual subscriptions were also solicited by a committee and the money thus raised was used in organizing and opening the present Public Library. This committee was made up of the directors with Herbert L. Brice as chairman. His work was persistent and untiring and the success met with was largely due to his efforts. Mr. Brice and Mr. Roby selected the books which were purchased and with the volumes housed at the Y. M. C. A. the library was started.

Medora Freeman was elected librarian after a competitive examination and began the work of cataloguing the books on the 15th of July, 1901. On September 21st following, the Public Library was opened to the public with 1641 volumes ready for circulation; of these volumes, 782 were purchased, 143 were donated and 716 - the remains of the original library - were moved from their old quarters in the Y. M. C. A. Building to the present library rooms in the Black Block.

At the end of the first year there were 2,- 678 volumes in the library and the circulation for the year was 31,423 volumes. At the year's close 1,952 borrowers were registered; these being limited to Lima residents although there have been many requests from county residents for library privileges.

There is a reading room in connection with the library, where a number of leading magazines are kept on file. The books are divided into three departments : Reference, fiction and juvenile. The reference department is classified under the general heads of philosophy, religion, sociology, philology, natural science, useful arts, fine arts, literature, history and general works. Each class is subdivided and all works dealing with a certain subject are kept together. The juvenile department is sadly handicapped as in truth are all the branches, for lack of room.

At the close of the fourth year there were 4.547 volumes in the library, 2.906 having been added since the library opened. All branches have been added to at different times so that an effort has been made to keep the departments well balanced. There were 3,746 borrowers registered at the close of the fourth year.

The Public Library, although quite inadequate to the demands made upon it, has proved a great benefit and pleasure to thousands and has become an indispensable factor in the advancement of the community.

Soon after the library opened, it was found necessary to have an assistant in the work and Martha Gamble was added to the force and is still in the library.

Several changes have occurred in the board of directors. Mrs. C. F. Lufkin was appointed to fill the place made vacant by the death of Herbert L. Brice; D. J. O'Day filled Mr. Van Dyke's unexpected term ; and Mrs. T. K. Jacobs was elected at the expiration of Mr. O'Day's term. The board saw before the library had been in operation very long that larger and better quarters would be needed very soon and they were glad to accept the offer made to us by Mr. Carnegie in 1901 for a library building.

At Herbert L. Brice's suggestion, Helen Brice, of New York City, interceded for us with Mr. Carnegie. Through her personal acquaintance with him, her appeal met with immediate success and Mr. Carnegie at once promised us a building to be given as soon as we could comply with the conditions he imposed. The stipulation made by Mr. Carnegie was that he would donate the sum of $30,000 for a library building if the people of Lima would furnish a site and guarantee 10 per cent, of his donation annually for its support and maintenance. His offer was gladly accepted. In November, 1902, the first step was taken toward securing a site. Under the management of the librarian, the ladies of the various clubs banded together and issued a special "Library'' edition of the Rcpubliccni-Gascttc. This proved a very successful undertaking and gave the site-fund a splendid start of $1,000. In April, 1903, the Federated Clubs gave a "twilight recital'' and in June following under the supervision of Mrs. C. F. Lufkin they gave a lawn fete at McBeth's Park. Both benefits were successful, artistically and financially, and added $1,274 to the fund. The ladies of Lima were later called upon for individual donations and the balance necessary to -secure the lot was solicited from the men. This work was done entirely by Mrs. C. F. Lufkin, whose interest and perseverance in the work have crowned it with success. The beautiful lot, 100 feet square, at the northeast corner of Market and McDonald streets, has been purchased and work has been begun on the plans so that by spring the actual building will be started to replace the castles that have been in the air the last four years. The work of raising a good sum of money for a public benefaction has never yet proved a light task - nor did this one. But perpetual pushing and assurance put the difficulties out .of countenance, and made the seeming impossibility give way.

Those who know under what difficulties the work is carried on in the present quarters will doubly appreciate what the advantages of a real library with proper equipment will mean.

For almost 50 years this library movement has been growing and gathering strength with the years. If as some one has said, "To know how to wait is the great secret of success," surely the time is now ripe to gather our reward.

The Lima Water Works

On the 19th of July, 1904, the Board of Public Service purchased from the County Infirmary Directors 72 acres of the bottom farm opposite the infirmary buildings, paying therefor $8,280. From George R. Fetter they bought an adjoining 40 acre tract, paying for this $5,150. To the Ohio Oil Company, which owned an oil lease covering the infirmary tract, with several scant producing wells, the sum of $20,000 was paid in order to secure the leases, and the Ohio Oil Company was permitted to at once "puli'' the wells and retail the piping and other paraphernalia pertaining to the operation of the lease. To Oscar Hover, who owned a lease on the Fetter tract, was paid the sum of $2,000, this making the total cost of the site .$34430.

The contract of building the reservoir with its necessary equipment of high-powered and capacious pumping machinery, conduit lines, electric current lines, etc., was let to J. C. Linneman for $139,578.49. This with the purchase price made a total of $175,008.49. The city

The new reservoir, as indicated above, covered an area of about 112 acres, excavated to an average depth of 22 feet, and in volume this figures a little more than 600,000,000 gallons or more than live times the capacity of both the old city reservoirs, located on East North street which have a combined accommodation for but

The daily consumption of water in this city has increased from less than 1,000,000 gallons eight years ago to about 2,500,000 gallons at this time. Therefore the combined storage capacity of the old and new reservoirs of about

720.000. 000 gallons is sufficient to supply the city for almost 300 days of 24 hours each, during which time there would be sufficient water even if not a drop were added to the supply. However, there is seldom three months at one time during which it would not be possible to greatly augment the supply in the new reservoir, as well as practically fill the old ones from the Lost Creek dam, not to mention the two dozen wells at the East and West Side stations of the present system.

In view of these facts it will be seen that Lima has an abundance of water supply and in quality it is much better and purer than ever before. The water is taken from the Ottawa River, which flows alongside the walls of the new reservoir in an artificial channel, the making of which involved the removal of several million cubic yards of earth, every yard of which entered into the retaining wall construction. It is taken only at flood tide, after all the impurities have been washed away by being carried off on the rise of the flood. A canal leads from the main channel of the pump suction pipe well, and so great is the capacity of the pair of centrifugal pumps that a swift current is created by their suction in this canal, which is 16 feet in width and four feet in depth. In the reservoir the sediment settles rapidly, leaving the water near the surface practically clear, while the outlet pipe is hinged upon a huge ball point, which permits it to be raised or lowered, always taking water for the city reservoir from near the surface where it is clearest and purest. By this arrangement, in connection with the twin reservoirs on East North street, all water pumped into the city mains is doubly purified. It is allowed to settle in the big reservoir before being drawn off into the conduit line and brought down to the East North street twin storage reservoirs. There the water is filled into one of the reservoirs and after it has been allowed to settle it is drawn off into the other and pumped into the mains, while another supply is being settled, and so on indefinitely.

As has been before stated the contract for the building was placed with Lima men. J. C. Linneman, J. A. Bendure and J. D. S. Neely and Joseph B. Meyer, of Buffalo, president of The Lima Electric Railway & Light Company, were the principals in the contract. To Cliff Wise went the construction of the huge retaining walls which bound it on three sides and a portion of the fourth, and the dredging for the Ottawa River, by which that stream is diverted from its natural course, which was directly through the body of the reservoir, and carried past the big pond alongside its south bank to a point where it rejoins the natural channel.

When the infirmary site was adopted, it was realized that there were several obstacles toovercome and one of these was the handling of a small stream which crossed the road a few hundred feet west of the infirmary buildings, and passed down through the body of the tract which now constitutes the reservoir. This little stream carried away the sewerage from theinfirmary and it was an absolute necessity that it be taken care of in some manner that would absolutely and surely prevent any of its contamination coming in contact with the waters of the reservoir. This stream ran through a rather deep swale or ravine, leading down to the river, with high banks sloping to the east and west. The only feasible course was a tunnel leading almost directly eastward and at right angles with its old course which as to the south. This plan was adopted, and a hole seven feet in diameter was bored through the ridge skirting the north and northeast bank of the big pond. In some places this bore is almost 30 feet beneath the surface of the ground. It is lined with a triple course of hard brick, laid in cement and the interior or net diameter of the tunnel thus formed is four feet, large enough to> enable a person to walk through it in a stooping posture. This tunnel is almost 1,200 feet in length, and constituted a large item in the cost of the construction of the reservoir, or rather in making it possible to construct the reservoir. It conducts the little stream mentioned above to the Ottawa River several hundred feet south or down stream from the point where the intake canal secures its supply, thus avoiding all danger of contamination from this source.

The Postoffice And Postmasters Of Lima

The postoffice at Lima was established February i, 1832, with Lewis Srouf, postmaster. At that time the business amounted to little over $500 per annum. For the year ending June 30, 1905, the receipts for the sale of stamps amounted to $62,214.28, while the total money order business aggregated about $520,- 000.

The officers, clerks and carriers at the present time (January, 1906) are as follows: Postmaster, William A. Campbell; assistant postmaster, R. Ii. McKinney; money-order-clerk, Eda M. Ballard ; mailing clerks - George F. _ Winemiller, Clarence H. Atmur, Guy Sproul and Frank I. Mumaugh ; distributing clerks - Earl E. Winemiller, Jonathan K. Yant, Silas I. Barling and Bruce M. Darby; stamp clerk, Joseph Y. Badea'u ; registry clerk, Harold L. French ; general delivery clerk, Asa H. Osman ; clerk in charge of the South Lima station, John J. Anderson; substitute clerk, Fred F. Flager; city carriers - Arthur Baker, Frank J. Bolton, Calvin K. Carnes, Edmund L. Conrad, James W. Cremean, Edward G. Hall, Fred. C. Herold, Harry L. Hutchins, Robert T. Jones, Charles. A. Knecht, Cantwell McKee, Will S. Simpson, Cloyd E. Strawbridge, Norman H. Townsend and Harry D. Zurmehly ; substitute carriers - Benjamin F. Richie and Frank J. Smith; rural carriers - Richard Stockton (Route 1), Billa Hitchcock (Route 2), Walter Wetherill( Route 3), Harry Ward (Route 4), Alton L. Osmon (Route 5), Emanuel Waltz (Route 6), John W. Bowersock (Route 7) John E. Vore (Route 8) and Charles Rousculp (Route 9) ; substitute rural carriers - Schuyler C. Early and Clara M. Roush; janitors - Adolph Lehman and Edward Harrison; mail messengers - John T. Swander, Thompson R. Kennedy and William M. Hawkins; contractor screen-wagon service, O. D. Fisher.

During Mr. Parmenter's administration as postmaster, the postoffice was located on the southwest corner of the Square; afterwards,, under Dr. Harper, it was removed to the old Holland Block, corner of High and Main streets. In 1880 it was moved across the street to the room now occupied by Melville's drugstore, and the Commercial Bank and there it remained for 15 years. During Mr. Meily's term of office, 1886-90, free delivery of mail in the city was established. On July 4, 1894, in the administration of Mr. Mehaffey the cornerstone of the new Federal Building and Postoffice on the corner of Elizabeth and High streets was laid by Allen Andrews, Grand Masrn; ter of F. & A. M. of the State. In 1895 the building was completed, the cost being $40,000, and in September of that year the postoffice was moved to its present quarters. This handsome Postoffice Building was secured for Lima at the expense of the national government through the efforts of Senator Calvin S. Brice. While the building presents a creditable appearance, it is, nevertheless, too small to accommodate the growing business of the city of Lima, and the rural free delivery. During the early years of Dr. George Hall's second term as postmaster, 1898-1904, and largely through his efforts, rural free delivery was inaugurated in the county.

Federal Officers (1906). - S. R. Vertner, deputy revenue collector, and F. L. Churchill, pension examiner, occupy rooms on the second floor of the Postoffice Building.

The first annual fair of the Allen County Ag ricultural Society was held in Blackburn's Grove, which was located south of Spring street and west of McDonald on what was afterwards known as Faurot's farm. The fair was held on the 4th and 5th of October, i860. On the last day of the fair Hon. Isaiah S. Pillars was to have delivered an agricultural address but on that day the Democrats held a mass meeting adjacent to the Fair Grounds and, owing to the noise and confusion. Mr. Pillars declined to deliver the address. The address was published in the weekly paper.

At a meeting of the board of directors of the Allen County Agricultural Society, held in January, 1861, the following officers were chosen : J. B. Roberts, of Ottawa township, president; F. J. Lye, Jr., of Marion, vice-president; O. E. Griffith, of Ottawa, secretary; George W. Overmver, of Ottawa, treasurer; Joseph Slutz, of Jackson, Dr. R. E. Jones, of Sugar Creek, C. W. Jacobs, of Perry, J. L. Smith, of Auglaize, A. E. Iladsell, of Bath, J. R. Hughes, of Ottawa, Charles Crites, of German. James Pettit, of Monroe. Mr. Lewis, of Richland, Calvin Harris, of Amanda, Nelson Hayes, of Marion, John H. Harbison. of Spencer, and James A. Hover, of Shawnee, managers.

Thomas K. Jacobs; vice-president, Robert Mchaffey; directors - Gabriel Hefner, James A. Hover, Calvin Harris and S. R. McKee. In 1869 the officers of the society were: President, J. R. Hughes, vice-president, Robert Mehaffey ; secretary, G. W. Overmeyer; treasurer, James A. Hover; directors - S. R. Bailey. G. C. Schooler, William Yoakum and Gabriel Hefner. The officers for 1905-06 are: President. Joseph E.

Until 1882 the Allen County Agricultural Society held their annual fairs on the grounds afterward known as Faurot Park, situated west of McDonald and south of Elm street. We find this entry in the minutes of the society under date of August 6, 1881 : "Agricultural

Board met this day; Pres. W. K. Boone in the chair. The Secretary stated the object of the meeting was to consider the question of buying 30 acres of ground of J. B. Roberts for permanent fair grounds. After considering the matter, motion was made by R. Mehaffey, That the society purchase the ground (30 acres) at the price offered by Mr. Roberts ($7,000) and that the $2,000 due the Agricultural Society from the surplus dog fund on hand be paid as first payment. Motion carried. Motion by Lester Bliss, That the President, Secretary and Amos Hefner be a committee to see to the survey and perfecting the title and that the President and Secretary execute, sign and seal the necessary notes and mortgage to complete and effectuate said purchase, also to employ such legal advice as they may need in the matter. Motion carried. Adjourned to meet September 10, 18S1."

This ground has been used as the meeting place of the Allen County Agricultural Society since the fall of 1882. In 1903, the Lima Driving Park Association purchased the Fair Grounds, then having 34 acres, of the Agricultural Society. Since that time the fair board rent the grounds of the Lima Drivin g Park- Association for the purpose of holding the annual fair.

and the surrounding territory. It is a stock company, with capital stock of $25,000. Improvements have been made on the grounds to the amount of $15,000. Ihe grand stand, a view of which is shown elsewhere in this hook, cost $7,500, and will seat 1,600 people. 1 he half-mile track and equipment is the best in the Middle West and the track holds the half-mile track record.

The race meetings given in the spring and fall are attended by the most prominent horsemen from New York to Chicago and from Detroit to Lexington. The officers for 1905-06 are : President, J. C. Linneman ; vice-president, J. W. Rowlands ; secretary, F. E. Baxter ; and treasurer, Harry M. Moore.

The following are extracts from the address of Hon. Isaiah S. Pillars. This address is the one referred to at the opening of this article on the Allen County Fair.

"As early as 1784, the South Carolina Agricultural Society was established and still exists. As early as 1657, the growth of hops was encouraged in Virginia by legislative enactment. In 1732 the cultivation of the mulberry tree and silk worm was encouraged in Georgia by legislative enactment. In 1785, the Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture was founded by a body of citizens, only a few of whom were actually engaged in agricultural husbandry, but who were convinced of the necessity of such an association. This society was finally incorporated in 1809. In 1791 a society was organized in the city of New York 'for the advancement of agricultural arts and manufactures.'

"In 1792 was organized the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture. As early as 1794, the formation of a national agricultural society seems to have occupied the attention of Washington, then President of the United States. In a letter to Sir Peter Sinclair, he advised the establishment of such a society, but thought it would be some time before Congress would give the matter any aid. The agricultural report from the Patent Office for 1859 says : 'The first proposition for the establishment of such an institution was made by Washington, in his annual speech, delivered on 7th

" It will not be doubted that, with reference to either individual or national welfare, agriculture is of primary importance. In proportion as nations advance in population, and other circumstances of maturity, this truth becomes more apparent, and renders the cultivation of soil more and more an object of public patronage. Institutions for promoting it grow up, supported by the public purse, and to what objection can it be dedicated with greater propriety ? Among -the means which have been employed to this end, none has been attended with greater success than the establishment of boards, composed of proper characters, charged with collecting and diffusing information, and enabled by premiums and small pecuniary aids to encourage and assist a spirit of discovery and improvement.''

" 'Thus do we see that the formation of these societies for the promotion of agriculture met with the hearty approbation of one whom we all delight to call the father of his country. This recommendation of Washington met with a hearty response from Congress.

" 'From this time, agricultural societies began to be formed in various parts of the country - in New England, in New York and Pennsylvania, and in the Southern States.

" 'The first national agricultural association was organized at Georgetown, in 1809, which was discontinued in 1812, in consequence of the war with England. No effort was again made to organize it until 1840, which was not successful. In 1852 at the call of many agricultural societies, 153 delegates, representing twenty-three states met and a national society for agriculture was formed, which has been eminently successful. It has just closed its eighth annual exhibition at Cincinnati. It has done much good to raise the standard of agriculture and disseminate information.'

"The first agricultural fair ever held in America was in 1804-05. The first exhibitions, however, that we have any definite record of were held by the Columbian Agricultural Society, at Georgetown. D. C.. in 1809. Among the premiums awarded was $ioo for the best

'two-toothed ram lam,' $80 for the second best 'two-toothed ram lam' and $60 for the third best 'two-toothed ram lam.' President Madison and lady are spoken of as having attended this exhibition.

"Thus do we find the men of the early days of the republic, laboring to advance the interests of agriculture by these societies and exhibitions. Should we not as intelligent men give the matter more attention in these advanced days of the republic? Let us throw away party politics, the scrambling of men for position under our laws, which benefit us or our country not a whit, and devote a part -of the energy and vigor we give to party, to accomplish something for that cause which works for our substantial happiness.

"Having referred somewhat to the history of the formation of agricultural societies, it may not be out of place, nor uninteresting, to see what has been done in Ohio in that behalf.

"In 1846 the Legislature passed an act 'For the Encouragement of Agriculture.' Under this law a State Board of Agriculture was organized. It is made the duty of the board to meet annually, and to report to the General Assembly the condition of agriculture throughout the State, to be accompanied by such recommendation as in the opinion of the board may be interesting and useful. Under this law they have published 12 volumes of reports, and have just held at Dayton their nth annual fair, with a success unparalleled by any former exhibition, and have assisted most materially in impressing the people with an idea of the importance of a correct knowledge of the science of agriculture. So common have the societies and exhibitions become, so well are they approved by all men of science and friends of advancement, that scarce a county or State in the nation but what has its society thoroughly organized. Shall Allen County lag behind? Certainly she now gives evidence of awaking from profound sleep. But it must be confessed that it is not by these societies, and these exhibitions alone that people are to he educated in the science of agriculture. We can here but interchange experience and observation, and accomplish the other objects I have spoken of. It is but the practical results which we view. We must have schools to teach the science of agriculture. We find a few of the States with agricultural schools and colleges New York has two or more; Michigan upon our north has incorporated into her constitution a provision, requiring the Legislature to establish an agricultural college, and they have done it - have given 700 acres of land and $90,- 000 for the purpose. So have Pennsylvania and Maryland given like assistance to the establishment of these schools.

"The necessity for the establishment of these institutions or some place where those who design cultivating the soil may be taught in all that pertains to agriculture, is apparent to everyone. Should Ohio be behind in this matter? Most certainly not. If it is necessary to educate the sons of New York, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Maryland in the science of husbandry, then it is also necessary to give a like education to the sons of Ohio.

"The Americans, as a nation, are eminently an agricultural people. We are tillers of the soil. Before the hardy industry of the Anglo- Saxon, the forest is made to 'bud and blossom as the rose', the earth is made to yield up her treasures, and the mineral is appropriated to the best use of man. Our wealth as a nation is in agriculture. The republic produces annually 200,000,000 bushels of wheat, 600,000,000 bushels of corn and 2,500,000 bales of cotton. Why, cotton is said to be King! Our agricultural exports amount to $220,000,000 annually whilst the manufacturing exports amount to but $23,000,000. Thus our agricultural exceeds our maufacturing products in exports alone, nearly $200,000,000. Is not agriculture our greatest source of national wealth ?

agriculture, and only about 70,000 engaged in commerce and manufacture combined. In 1850 we had 270,000 males over 15 years of age engaged in cultivating the earth. In i860 we cannot have less than 850,000 engaged in farming. In 1858 our agricultural wealth exceeded our manufacturing by many millions of dol- it is useless to enumerate the evidence of our pre-eminence as an agricultural State. They are manifest on every hand. Our people are fed and our treasury filled by agricultural industry.

15.000 acres in wheat, and planted 10,270 acres in corn. In 1858 vv'e sowed 16,165 acres in wheat; in 1856 we planted over 19,000 acres in corn. In 1850 we produced 231,277 bushels of wheat; in 1851 300,000 bushels of wheat; in 1859, 140,000 bushels of wheat. In the meantime, however, during those years of discouragement which you all will long remember, the wheat crop became almost a failure.

"Besides this we have 50 miles of railway in the county diverging and connecting us with the best grain markets in the West. Our population amounts to 20,000. Less than 4,000 of these live in the villages, leaving all who are able to labor out of 15,000 connected directly, with agriculture."

The State Hospital For The Insane

The State hospitals of Ohio have for a number of years been overcrowded. On thorough investigation, it was decided to give these institutions greater facilities and, therefore, the Legislature of the State, on April 25, 1904, passed House Joint Resolution No. 60, authorizing Governor Myron T. Herrick to appoint a commission, whose duty it would be to select a site for the erection of a new State Hospital for the Insane. Acting upon this resolution, Governor Herrick appointed the following commission: - Dr. E. LeFever (chairman), Marietta; Hon. A. H. Judy (secretary), Greenville; Hon. C. J. Manix, Cleveland ; Hon. Walter B. Richie, Lima; and Dr. A. B. Smith, Wellington.

The first three named were members of the Ohio House of Representatives. This commission entered earnestly upon the responsibility with which it was charged, and, after an extended examination of sites proposed by a large number of the cities of Ohio, decided by unanimous vote to accept the location offered by the people of Lima and Allen County. The place selected consists of 628 acres of land, a little more than a mile directly north of the city of Lima. This tract of land has several streams of clear running water, most excellent drainage facilities, and two large natural groves of forest trees. The location is ideal in every way for the purpose for which it is intended. The above-named commission has made its report to the Legislature in session at the present time (1906), and resolutions are pending for the proper amount of appropriation for the purchase of the site and erection of the buildings.