Columbiana County, Ohio - Chapter 15: The Press of Columbiana County, 1905

Chapter 15: The Press of Columbiana County

History of a Century's Progress in Xezes Gathering and Xexes Dissemination - Sonic of the Men Who Ilaie Wielded the Quill and Pencil - The Comity Prolific in X exes paper Enterprises - Some Workers in the Field Acquired Tame, but Xone Great Fortunes.

No business pursuit in Columbiana County lias presented so varied, not to say so checkered a history, as that of making of newspapers iti the county. And no county in the State, outside of those containing large cities, can boast of so many newspapers, or of periodicals devoted to so many and so varied interests. There have been - first of all and most important of all - the local secular newspapers, which have been varied as to their political complexion, as Whig, Free Soil, Know-Nothing, Republican, Democratic, Independent. Then there were the anti-slavery, pro-slavery, temperance, edducational. labor and trades organs, and those devoted to even other interests - with existences which have varied all the way from near a century down to two or three weeks. I here have emerged from the composing rooms and reportorinl and editorial chairs ministers of the Gospel, lawyers, physicians, c unity officials, postmasters, consuls and other government officials. Congressmen, legislators, teachers, landlords and land owners (not many I. but never a millionaire or even a capitalist who could notate his financial wealth in six figures. There have been many failures (financially), some successful ones - but all h avc served their day and generation faithfully, ami, it is to lw hoped at least, left the world in general and Columbiana County in particular better than they found them.

In 1905 the Ohio Patriot had been published in Lisbon for almost 100 years, and was therefore the oldest newspaper publication 111 the county. In 1S0S William I.epper. a native of Hanover. Germany, came to New Lisbon. In December of that year he issued the first newspaper in the county, a small paper printed in the German language, which was called Per Patriot am Ohio. lint there was not then, as there were almost ioo years later, enough Germans in the county to suppjit a newspaper printed in their mother tongue, and it was soon discontinued. In the spring of iScm) Lepper liegan the publication of the Ohio Patriot, in English. It was at the beginning a small 4 column sheet, but in a few years it was enlarged to a f-cohuun paper. It was published by Mr, l.ep|>er until when it was sold to Joseph Cable, who had for several years prior to that time bee.i in the newspaper publishing business in Steubenville. In the summer of 1S34 the Patriot office was destroyed by fire: but an entire new outfit was purchased and the paper continued. In Messrs. Ileltzcll and Greyg, 1x>th from

Washington Cilv, purchased the paper. Mr. Cable went to Carrollton, where he published a Democratic paper for some years, and in 1S4S was elected to Congress, serving two terms. Ilelt/cll K- Gregg continued the publication of the Patriot until when William D, Morgan, of Pennsylvania, purchased the office, and was editor and proprietor until iS;j Mr.

Morgan sold to William II. Gill, of Cambridge. Ohio, who enlarged the paper to eight columns. In 1857 Mr. (.ill disposed of the paper to Matthew Johnson, then I'uited States Marshal ot Xorthern Ohio, lint his pn>- prietorsliip was but brief: and Thomas S. Woods became proprietor, and continued the publication ot the |>aper until the year of his death - 1809. Robert G. Woods, brother of Thomas S. Woods, succeeded his brother as editor and proprietor, and so continued untd 1 873, when he also died. George l>. Vallandigham then purchased the paper and continued its publication for about two years, when, in October. 1875, W ilson S. Potts l>ecame editor and proprietor. March 1, 1898, the Daily Patriot was launched; September 1, 1903, John J, Kerr, a young attorney of luist Liverpool, acquired an interest in the concern, and the publication was continued as daily and weekly bj Potts & Kerr, with Mr. Kerr as editor.

Ill-July. 1905. Wilson S. Potts sold his interest in the Patriot to John Kerr, father of J. J. Kerr, the editor. The paper was always Democratic in politics.

Wilson S. Potts, who had in 1005 himself been active in the newspaper publishing business at the county scat, says' of early New Lis- 1x:>t 1 newspapers, in an article contributed to the "History of the I'ppcr Ohio Valley :" "In 1824 Rol>ert Fee started a 5-column paj>er called the Xew Lislxm Gazette, but it was a short lived concern and expired at the end of about six months. Some time in June. 1827, William Campbell, of Perryopolis. Fayette County. Pennsylvania, was induced to come tj Xew Lisbon to start a paper. At that time politics began to warm up the people, and as the I'atriot somewhat committed 'to the interests of General Jackson for the presidency, the friends of John Qnincv Adams were anxious to have an advocate. Mr. Campbell espoused that side of the partisanship with energy and zeal. lie called his paper the Columbiana C<nuity American and AY;.' Lisbon t ree Press. He used a Stanbcrry womlen press and inked the forms with balls. The office stood where the l lo-tetter House now stands, at that lime a one-story frame building. A Unit i8j8 the late Judge Harbaugh purchased the paper, and John Watt, Fs<|., was given editorial charge. The name was soon afterward changed to the Western Palladium. Abmt I S3 5 Nathaniel Mitchell purchased the paper, retaining it until 1839, when G. W. Harper and Samuel t'orljett became proprietors. In 184.' Joseph Wilkinson became owner, and continued the Palladium until 1854.

"In March. 183.', the Aurora was estal^ lished by the venerable John Frost, who continued its publication until Xovcmlicr, 1850, 1 almost 25 years. It was first printed in the second story of a brick building on Walnut street, now owned and occupied by John Cbilds, then removed a few doors west to a log building, where it was published until 1850. when the 'Pound office' was built. In the summer of 1845, a few numbers of the Anti-Slavery Bu^lc {for a number of years later published in Salem - and of which more is to be said) were printed in the Aurora office.

"In 1851 R. I). Hartshorn, then a young lawyer of Xew Li si ion, began the publication of the Buckeye State. In 1854 this new pajier absorlied the Palladium. In 185^ I Robert C. Wilson Iiecame the owner of the Buckeye Slate, and continued its publication until 1863. when he died. His son, James Wilson, look charge of the paper and retained it until i860, when he. too, died. Col. G. 1. Young some time afterward liecame proprietor and continued the publication for two ' years, when the Buckeye was sold to Dr. Wdj ham Moore and P. C. Young, F.s<|. \ few j years later it was sold to Edward F. Moore." I Meanwhile R. W. Tayter. who afterward re- ! presented the 18th Congressional District in i digress, was associated with P. C. Young in the publication, serving as editor,

In 1805 J. I). I'riggs of Xew Lislxm began the publication of a business paper, known as the Merchants' Journal, but its career was brief. In April. 1807. James K. Frew bega 1 the publication of the Xew Lislxm Journal. and continued to be its editor ami publisher : until 1886. when it passed into the bands of , How ai d Frew,' his si >n.

as a Republican newspaper, to compete for a portion of the county patronage with tlic Buckeye Slate, John J. Kirk of Salineville furnishing the capital, John (Yowl, who had been in a newspaper venture a short time in Salineville. l>eing associated with him as editor and manager. A new plant was purchased, which, after several changes in the management, was bought by George K, Rcdway. formerly of California, but who had held for several years a clerkship in one of the departments at Washington. Hut the venture was not a financial success; and after an existence of seven years, the Republican Leader suspended publication, the subscription list and good-will l>eing acquired by the Journal. In July, ioxm , the Journal was consolidated with the Buckeye Slate. and in the fall of that year the Huckeye State Publishing Company was incorporated. Mr. brew succeeded ("apt. A. R. Hell as editor, upon bis (Hell's) death. K. F. Moore had received the appointment as postmaster some years lie fore, and Captain Hell, who bad come from |{ast Liverpool as the New Lisbon correspondent of the Crisis, became editor and so continued to the close of his life. While he formerly had been a rabid Democrat, the old Buckeye State seemed to have effectively converted him to Republicanism, and his trenchant pen was used to good purpose during the closing clays of a long editorial career. After the incorporation of the Huckeye State Publishing Company. Fd. M. Cmsser. after serving two terms as county recorder, became a stockholder in the paper, and served as its manager until April. 1005. when he retired. After that date Howard brew was manager and editor.

The Genius of Temperance 'w as a monthly publication, which appeared in New l.isb.n u: and was published for about two years. The Youths'. Lyceum, an educational monthly, appeared in 1.^7 and continued for six months. In II. C. Truniek began the weekly publication of the Ocean Ware, devoted to the interests of temperance, but it continued but a few mouths.

than three chapters to "The Printing Press" of Salem, which are replete with data, and comments upon the prevailing methods of conducting the new spaper business in the early days of the old Ouaker town. His sty le is so quaintly original that Hunt's "Salem History" will lie drawn upon for some account of the city's earlier publications. Hunt says: "Printing in Salem was first done in a log bouse that stood on or near the place where A. M. Carr's new storehouse has been built. Joseph Shreve was then the teacher of the Friends' Schml, and his brother Thomas was studying medicine with Dr. Stanton; both of them were literary characters, friendly to the dissemination of knowledge and advocates of the printing press. They came from Pennsylvania and had some knowledge of Robert Fee. who in Hrowusv ille published the Western Register. In this be appears to have made a failure, and was then induced by the Sbreves to come to Salem and start a paper. In the latter part of March, tK-S. be issued the first nnmlier of the Salem Gazette and Public eltk ertiser. ( Newspapers generally affected long names in those early days. ) Robert bee was a practical printer, and possessed some editorial tact: but lie bail domestic troubles from which be sought at times, relief in the intoxicating cup. which, in turn, aggravated the cause. A tile of these pipers wis preserved by one of the oldest mhabitiauts. It was an interesting relic of the times, and gave some idea of what the town then was. The Pittsburg Gazette appears to have been the most important exchange as more articles were crcibted to it than to any other paper. An extensive account of Lafayette's visit to Western Pennsylvania, some amusing articles, accounts of horrid murders, advertisements of reward for the arrest of criminals, and some of the occurrences of the times were the prominent items. Joseph Shreve gave some articles 1 11 grammar: and hewrote a short account of the appearance of a comet, that he thought would appear in the eirlv part of 1 Sjo. Some marriage notices were published, and with them, according to a custom then, and during some subsequent years, prevailing, some pithy epigrams were given, such as ;

An D Representative Citizens

"There were some advertising in this paper, hut there was then less to atlverti.se, and people did not know the 1)enetit of advertising. One of the greatest calamities recorded was the burning of the Goshen meeting house. It occurred on a Sabbath morning. The Gazette came to an untimely end in July. i8j6.

"In 1830, ami during some of the following years. Salem received only a semi-weekly mad. Yet it then contained many newspaper patrons. The Ohio Patriot (Democratic) and the Western Palladium ( Whig ) were then published in New Lislxm. The Aurora, which commenced in 1832. was neutral. No postofficc receive-. I more of these papers than Salem. Some Philadelphia papers were taken, especially the Saturday livening Post. Some time in 1 S3 5 Wilson Stewart came and issued his prospectus for the Salem I'isitor. This prospectus was a curiosity. It commenced by saying that 'Without the usual notice that periodicals usually abound, the editor would simply state that he intended to publish a pa|»er like others in some particulars - in others unlike them.' It was to be like them, inasmuch as its main object would be to suit the public taste. Me acknowledged the difficulty of knowing what this was and, 'If it were possible to ascertain what the reigning taste was. he would endeav or not to reform but to conform." Some promises alxnit the character of the paper were given: among others, that "Stanzas should have a ready admission, adapted to the love-sick and sick of l«ve." The tii'st number was issued, and the carrier sent around with it. William Reed, on seeing it, paid for it and gave orders for no more to be sent to him. John I-'rost, of the New Lislfon Aurora, noticed it by merely mentioning that he had been favored with a visit from

, tile Salem I'isitor. In the spring of the next year P. I\ Boy km bought the / 'isitor. He adopted Stewart's prospectus w ith a few words ami terms changed, and changed the name to the Ohio Mercury. It was a slight improvement on the I'isitor, * * * After a few months Stewart's practice of reprinting a few columns was adopted, and he confessed that he 'found it very convenient,' but 'would not do so very often.' Then followed irregular issues and a decrease of good reading matter until the Aurora b>ok occasion to mention that 'the Ohio Mercury was about being transferred to some of its creditors as its editor had absconded l»etween two days.' Another report was that after giving his presidential vole to Martin Van Buren. he left the town as fast as his feet and

1 legs would carry him. After such signal failures as these, it would have Ix-cu impossible to establish a jKipcr in Salem, if other jx)licies had not been pursued."

Early in 1842 "Benjamin Ilavvley. James Eggman. John Campbell and John Harris associated themselves as an editorial committee with Benjamin B. Davis and Joshua Hart as publishers, the last mentioned l>cing a practical printer. A press and other printing material were procured, and on the 12th day of April, 1842. the first numlier of the Pillage Register was issued. The well-known character of the editorial staff helped it much. It 'conformed' j much to the 'reigning taste,' and did much to employed printers to do the work. In 1S4.J Joseph II. Painter rented the office and continued the paper, lie retired in about two years and Mr. Davis again took charge of the piper, lie took Aaron llmchman into partner-

In 1854 J. K. Rukenhrod ami Jesse Ilutton purchased the Journal, Mr. Rukenhrod shortly bcc< .lining sole proprietor. In 1857, having hecome identified with the Republican party, the name of the paper was changed to the Sa- Icin Republican. Mr. Rukenhrod was a man oi marked ability, and the paper soon seemed and ever afterward maintained a standard which which made it a credit to the Slate and local journalism. In i88v. a short time before Mr. Rukenhrod"* death, he sold out to the Salem Publishing Company. In 1873 Dr. J. M. Hole began the publication of the Salem Hut. The following year he sold a halt interest in the paper to Fd. F. Rukenhrod. and a little later the other half to J. I!. Park. Later still Mr. Park sold out to his partner: then J. I). Fountain acquired a half interest, within a year selling to Mr. Rukenhrod, and Rukenhrod. in turn, in 1880. sold to Stanley & Company, who afterwards aided in the organization of the Salem Publishing Company. This company then consolidated the Republican and the lira, and the paper was still in 1 «> ?5 . published weekly as the Republican- lira. Meanwhile J. \V. Northrop had established the Salem Daily A'lTi'.f in iiSN»), and it was also taken over by the Salem Publishing Company and became a part of the consolidation. Noveml>er J4. 18174, L. H. Brush bought a controlling interest in the Salem Publishing Company and he and his associates reorganized the company, infusing new life into its publications. In k,. the >rganizatioi) of the company - winch had been practically unchanged in 11 years - was I.. II. Brush, president ami treasurer and Dr. T. T. Church, secretary. I'. A. Douglas Itccamc editor of the Salem A'.wv early in the '<>o's. and continued in the .\V;i'.< harness until March. 1901 : from that dale until May. 1004. William B. McCord was editor <if the Salem Pub lulling Company's publications; and he was succeeded by R. R. Thompson, In too.; there were two dailies ami two weeklies published in Salem ; The Salem Daily AY.vy and the AVpublican-lira * weekly 1. and the / >(i;7y Herald and Weekly liuileliu.

issued the first numl»er of the Democratic Ihilletin. This was the licginniug of the enterprise out of which grew in later years the Daily Herald ami Weekly /Sulletin. The style of the publishing linn from the start was Kirby & Company. From July. 1890. to July, 1804, H. W. McCurdy was a partner. But f< r the greater part of the time, from the begniing, Mr. and Mrs. 1). 1). Kirby had been sole proprietors up to KJ05, when the constituency of the company was still unchanged. The Daily Herald was established May i_\ 1 S« j 1 . and in I i(V)<> the name of the weekly was changed to I the Weekly Bulletin, but the political complexion of Ixith daily and weekly, always j Democratic, remained unchanged. Oliver O.

Hogan was the first editor of tlte Democratic ' Bulletin, and continued so for a little less than I a year. The first editor of the Daily Herald was George Penn. Later ). W. Northrop. P. G. 1 Iliddlesoii and George 11. Gee served in the ! capacity. Mr. Gee was still editor in 11)05.

The Auti-Shreery Bu^le, was established I in Salem by the American Anti-Slavery So- | ciety in 1845. The first issue was printed June I _>oth. the first six numbers being issued from the office of the Aurora, in New Lisbon: then 1 the paper was removed to Salem, in which town ! it was published by a committee of the Anti- Slavery Society, Milo Townsend being the first editor. The publishing committee con- : sisted of Samuel Brook. George Garrettsnn. J. Barnaby, Jr., David L. Galhreath and Lot Holmes. James Barnaby. Jr.. was publisher's agent. Benjamin S. Jones and J. Flizabeth Hitchcock (afterwards Mrs. Benjamin S. Jones) became editors, and so continued for four years, when they were succeeded by Oliver b'hnson. who was editor for two years. The paper then passed to the editorial control of Marius R. Robinson, who managed it tor eight years. By order of a committee from the Auti- Slavery Society, publication ceased May 4, 1X04. the paper having been in charge of lien- Jamin S. buies during the last year of its existence. ( A number of quotations from the Anti-Slavery Kit Ac w.'.l be found in the chapter on the anti -slavery movement 111 this work.)

And Reprf.Skntativf Citizens

The Salem Journal was established by John Hudson, the first number being printcrl February 17, 1805. It passed through nniiy change* of proprietorship, the owners :m<l publishers being, at successive perioils, John Hudson, Vernon Hutton. J. R. Vernon i for nlwuit three years), Vernon & Baiid, J. K. Vernon and finally Vernon & linker. By the last named firm it was sold August 24. 1X72. to Maj. W. R. Snider, and shortly afterward discontinued in Salem, the plant being removed to Crestline.

hi 1870 the Ohio Educational MrmiJily, a Columbus. Ohio, publication, was purchased by William D. Henkle and removed to Salem, where its publication was continued up to the year of .Mr. Ileukle s death, 1881. In January, 1875, Mr. Henkle commenced the publication of Educational Aotcs and Queries, continuing it as a monthly publication until 1881. It is said of this publication that before the close of the first year of its existence it had subscribers in 35 States and Territories.

The Xational (ircculntckcr, a radical weekly newspaper promising to devote its energies to monetary and labor reforms, was started in Salem by a company in 1878, G. W. Cowgill's name appearing as publisher and editor. It did not receive the requisite suppoit to make of it a financial success, and soon went out of business.

J. \V. Northrop in 18X3 removed the Buckeye I'iiicttc from Bryan. Ohio, to Salem, and resumed its publication here. It purported to he in the interest of the tailoring classes, and it advocated the "issue and control of all kinds of money by the government and making the government responsible for its real value."

The Salem Weekly Democrat was started by Asa H. Batten and Thomas Dillon, and continued just one vear, from August. 1 8 "4. to August. 1855: and in the late '80s J. D. Fountain published the Salem Tribune, a weekly Republican paper, for aUmt 'our months.

The following ephemeral newspaper ventures in Salem are marie a matter of historical record by George Hunt in his history: "The Hollar A^e, a weekly started by Alfred A. Sipe. surv ived but a few months, Mr. Sipe dying during a vi<it to West Virginia. Sipe was a brilliant writer and compiler of local news; still the Dollar A&c never paid. J. R. Murphy and J. C. Kliug lnntglit the oiittit and started the Salem Times, which soon starved. Dr. llardman at intervals issued n very original weekly called the Clipper, but it soon passed out of existence. In January. iXoi.AVilhs Whinncry commenced i-smug a monthly pa|ier entitled the S:Ane Ailzoeate. It was ])ubhshed in the interests of the business in which he was engaged. It was continued two or three years."

The Daily Holiday Xezesboy was established in the 70s by J. S. Kent/, a practical printer, and published intermittently tor many years, daily for a w eek preceding the Christmas holidays.

June 12, 1902, Charles Bon sail and I. S. i Rentz began the publication in Salem of the i American Worker, devoted to the interests of : trades unions and workiugmen generally. It 1 was discontinued January 22. iuo$.

In the early '80s a small monthly paper '- was published at Hanoverton by Joel Taylor, ! which he called the Crozcder. It had a sin -it 1 and precarious existence. In 1901-02 I.. R.

In the autumn of 18^5 Lewis Catoti. who had been engager 1 in the publication of a paper at Snow Hill. Maryland, came to Wellsvdle and began the publication of a paper, which he named the W'ellsville Commercial Adzerliser, which was the pioneer newspaper of the town. He was accompanied from Maryland by W illiam 1.. C larke, a practical printer, who had worker I for him there. Mr. Clarke is said to have set the first "stick" of type for the . Idz-erliscr, and pulled 011 an old Ramage press, the first sheet of the fust issue of the first newspaper published in the town. This ; first paper was printed in October. 1835. In |8"8 Caton disposed of the paper to Joshua ! Hart, ami Hart in turn sold out 111 1840 to 1 McCartney & McBane. In 1841 McBane purchased McCartney's interest, and changed the name of the paper to the .loiericau Patriot. In 1842 William I.. Clarke hi night the paper from McBane, change" 1 the name to the Wellsville Patriot, and continued its publication for 22 years, or until Octolier. 1804. Clarke was a rahid Democrat practically all hi* life: and lie was charged with licing a '"Southern sympathizer" during the Civil War. Al any rate, owing to disloyal utterances through his paper, the popular feeling against him hecame so strong that he was impelled to discontinue the paper and to return to Maryland. In 1873 he returned to Wellsville. where he apnears still to have owned some property, ami made his home in the town the remainder of his life. He worked as a compositor at the case at intervals, in Wellsville and Fast Liverpool printing offices, until he was almost 80 years of age. He died in 1903. aged ahont 84. "Uncle Billy" Clarke, as he was familiarly known, was proud of the distinction which he claimed, that of having worked longer at the business, as an editor and compositor, than any other man in Eastern Ohio.

In 1864 W. G. Foster, a practical printer of some enterprise and some ability, came from Stcuhenvillc and established the Wellsville Union. May 18. 1872. the Union, together with a large job printing office, was purchased bv th* McCord Brothers - William B. and Rol>e'rt T. - and a year later the former hecame sole proprietor. William K. McCord here began an editorial career which lasted, in Columbiana County, with two brief intervals of alxmt one vear each, for 32 vears - or until 1904. In the fall of 1S78 Mr. McCord sold out 'to Wiggins & McKillop. Mr. McKillop died about the beginning of the following year, and J. Wiggins continued the paper, A. 1'. Howard having purchased the job office, which be removed to Columbus, its capacity for business being in advance of the town. In February, iS8_«. Wiggins sold the Union to I'. M. Smith and F. M. Hawley: two years later Mr. Hawley acquired the full proprietorship and editorial control, and continued the publication until Fel<- ruary. 1 807, in the meantime having cstah lished the Mf/7y Union. On the latter date Mr. Hawley sold out to the McQueen Brothers, who. in turn, sold al>rnit April 1, 1905. to K. W. Dc Belle. In the meantime the Daily Union and Daily Record had been consolidated a few months previous, the Daily Union-Record and Weekly Union lieing continued in Hjo? by the Cnion Publishing Company. K. W. De- Belle, editor and manager.

In the later '80s Edward 1!. Clark published the Wellsville li'ecmng Journal for a short time, disposing of his plant to John Nicholson, who revived the p*iper in the form of a weekly, which was continued for some years. Out of this grew the Record, which in 1899 was established as a daily with John Nicholson, proprietor, and James Nolan, editor. This in turn, was consolidated with the Union as the Union-Record, as already stated, early in 1905.

In 1891) Taneyhill Walkup started the Wellsville Daily Sun, which continued to emit it rays of enlightenment for less than a year. The Sun was Democratic, the Journal ami the Record. Independent, while the Union was always Republican, which continued to be the political complexion of the Union-Record.

For several years, or l>etwecu 1869 and 1872, a monthly known as the Rainbow attracted considerable attention by the spice of its local contents. It was published by an association of Wellsville merchants, chiefly for the purpose of advertising their wares.

In 1870 David B. Martin established the Wellsville Local, and the following year transferred his office to East Liverpool, and began the publication of the Potters' Gazette. But this paper, not being the tirst of Fast Liverpool's local publications, will be passed now to l>e taken up later in turn.

The tirst paper published in East Liverpool was the Fast Liverpool Mercury, and was issued by George I. Luckey (who was afterwards, for many years, superintendent of the I'iltsburg city schools') and J. W. Harris. It was Republican in polities. It was started May 23. 1 86 1. and. lived but a year. In 1867 \\\ , G. F"»lcr. publisher of the Wellsville Union, st-.ried the Frist Liverpool Record, but this paper suspended in 1869. The Record, too, was Republican in politics. In 1K08 J. Murphy, of W ellsburg. West Virginia, craving some newspaper experience in the new pottery town, iaunclied the Mast Liverpool Local. It had a local existence for eight weeks.

Mnuch P.ra<lshaw was a "War" Denn cr.u. possessed of good horse sense anil a good supply of hard casli, a portion of wliicli lie proceeded to squander in trying to establish a Democratic paper in an overwhelmingly Republican town. He purchased, in lXf*). the plant of tindefunct Mast Liverpool Local; but in January, t8~f>. gave up his daring idea, and transferred bis material to J. II. Sinnns anil T. R. Bradshaw. who immediately established the Mast Liverpool Tribune. The year following ( i<S~7). .Mr. Simnis became sole proprietor. September i. 190.'. the Morning Tribune was started: and so. in 1905. the daily and weekly editions were still being published. Mr. Siuiuis hav ing formed the Tribune Publishing. Company, himself holding the majority of the stock. He had been in the publishing business for over 28 years.

David Li. Martin having removed his printing plant from W'ellsville to Kast Liverpool n. 1X71, liegan the publication of the Pollers' Gazette. It was not a class paper, as its name might l>e supposed to indicate, but local in its news matter and Republican in politics. 1 ; continued to be published as a Republican newspaper until the fall of 18X4. when, by \\v? tender of financial assistance, the Democrats gained control of its columns. This coup was offset in two weeks time, and the Gazette again became a Republican paper, and so continued until the death of Mr. Martin, which occurred atjout 1887. Mr->. David Martin continued to edit the paper for a short time: then she employed Frank Crow! in the editorial and mechanical management. In the course of a few months the office was damaged by tire aivl tl-c paper suspended. In two 1 .j- three week* thereafter Crow! issued the Past Liverpool G'Kc'rr as a new paper. In |X8»» a company was organized in opposition to the Daily Re;ie:e. at that time in its fifth year - the new company taking over the Gazette and making it a dailypaper. The venture lasted but a few months and the Gazelle died a natural death.

OctoU'r 25. 1879. William P. McCord issued the first nnmher of the Saturday Reticle, printed in Last Liverpool - from new type and on a new press - dated "W'ellsville and Mast Liverphol." and containing a weekly resume of the local news of Utth towns. Several years later the Rtfiete became an exclusively Mast Liverpool publication. In June. 18N5. the Daily Rttieie was started, it being the first regularly . issued daily paper in Columbiana County. It was also the first paper in the county to utilize the telephone in news gathering, lr. December. i8t>[. Mr. McCord sold the Rcfieie, daily and weekly, to Dudley Voting, who came from New Voik St te. He

died about three months afterward and his widow after conducting the paper a I unit two months sold it to J. M. McDonald. In April. 1 89 j. Mr. McCord started the Daily Xcics, and in August following the Ret icle and the A joined issues by consolidation under the name of the Hi-cning Xcies-Rctine, the w eeklycontinuing as the Saturday Rc-eieze. A stock company was organized in the fait of 1892, Harry Palmer and Thomas W", Morris, of McKcesport, purchasing a controlling interest. McDonald sold his holdings, as did also Mc- Cord, who retired for a rest of some months

March 1, 1901, the Xetes-Riiit~e was purchased by the newly organized K-ast Liverpool Publishing Company. II. \V. Brush, president, and L. H. P.rush, secretary and manager. April 1. 1904. L H. Brush individually purchased the name, good-will, circulation and advertising contracts of the Crisis - which had just suspended publication - and the A" rics-Rci iiie became for the time being the .W-cs-Rii'hic and Crisis. January 1. 1905, the name was shortened and the old name as it had been back in t88; - the F.veuing Rerieze - was restored. Meanwhile Mr. P.rush had merged the I ('<-<-/.-/ y Crisis with the Saturday Rf~cic;e. and leased it to C. Ci. Byron, who continued it as a Democratic paper under the name of the Weekly

]n the fall of 1884 a fund of $500 was raised by the Democrats of East Liverpool, to induce some one to start the publication of a Democratic paj)er in that city. Not succeeding in the effort, this money was used to purchase the mortgage on a Republican paper in the town, the Potters' Gazette, then edited by "Dave'' Martin. For two issues the paper was Democratic, when the Republicans repurchased the mortgage, and the Cmis l>egan its issue Octoter 4, 1884, simultaneously with the reappearance of the Potters' Gazette as a Repul>- lican paper. The Crisis was a political venture of the Democratic Central Committee, and James C. Deidrick, as secretary of that organization, took charge." Dr. George P. Ikirt was engaged as editor until February, 1885, when he retired. The paper was issued as a weekly until March 21, 1X88, when it was changed to a daily. Subsequently it included a Sunday issue, but after six months the Sunday feature was abandoned. The paper in the beginning was aggressive, but not profitable. Its career continued to be marked with much vigor, ami 10 years later it was a profitable venture. In .August. 1808, the paper was incorporated for $.25,000. It, continued under the active management of James C. Deidrick until May 1. 1899. when he removed to Canton, Ohio. The company was subsequently managed by different parties until April 1. 1904, when the Crisis was consolidated with the AViCA-ZviTftW. During the career of the Crisis it absorbed the old Gazette and The People, a weekly paper published for a little more than a year in the interest of the trades unions and workingmen generally. During parts of 1897 and 180X the Pottery Journal, a trade monthly devoted to (he p. ittery business, was issued from the Crisis office. It suspended in 1898.

as its name indicated, of the operative potters. It survived about a year and a halt. April iy, 1899, the Potters' Herald was established as a weekly, under the direction of A. S. Hughes, president, and T. J. Duffy, secretary of the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters. In aliout two years the paper was taken over by members of the N. Ii. of O. P. and continued in 1905 to be printed as the organ of that body, asd also of the Fast Liverpool Trades and Laltor Council. T. J. Duffy, president of the X. Ii. of O. P., was editor; Fdward Menge, associate editor; and H. O. Allison, business manager.

In 1857 Kurtz & Quinter established in Columbiana a monthly religious publication, printed |>artly in English and partly in German, devoted to the interests of the Dunkers. known as the Gospel I'isitor. In 1806 the paper was removed to Dayton.

In Septemlier, 185S. C. H. M. Beecher l>egan the publication of the Columbiana Ledger. It was continued until 1861. when it suspended. In the latter year R. L. King began the publication of the Columbiana Chronicle. It lasted less than six months, and died liefore the close of 1861.

In 1858 Black & Watson purchased the material u|M)ii which the slurora had been printed at New Lisbon, and liegan the publication of the Telegraph at Columbiana. It lived for J4 weeks.

For almost 10 years Columbiana was without a local paper. Then. April 14. 1870. the Independent Register appeared. A number of Columbiana men raised the monc- and fitted up an office, employing J. M. Hutton as editor, lie issued five numbers, when his connection with the paper ceased. In May the property passed into the hands of the Washington Printing Press Company. coni]>osed of Gen. E. S. Holloway. J. B. Powell. J. Esterley. A. Sturgeon and W. R. Knowles, who employed George Duncan as editor. He remained until Fehnwry. 1871 ; and from that time until September. 1871. R. G. Mosgrove was editor. The company then sold out to Frank M. Atterholt ami Noah E. NoM, hut after a few issues had l>een printed Atterholt solct his interest to Gen. E. S. Holloway. The latter and Mr. N'okl continued the publication until May, 1872, when General Hollow ay became editor and sole proprietor. In April. 1X77, he associated with him his sons. John \Y. and Orlando T. They continued the business until September. 1X79. when they sold to John I- 'laugher, {-"laugher continued the publication of the Independent Register until the year of his death, i8</>. when the paper passed into the hands of II. E. Garrett. He continued the publication but a comparatively short time, and was succeeded by Elmer Firestone. He continued the paper until some time in 1897, when it was suspended. Meanwhile, almut 1890. a stock company had started the Columbiana Ledger, with George McLaughlin as managing editor. In 1895 the pajH.T was sob I to Newell & Shingler--H. O. Newell and George Shingler. Shingler died in 1904. and Mr. Newell became sole proprietor and editor of the paper.

Alxiut Octolier 1, kjoo. Wilson Edgerton liegan the publication of the Columbiana Independent. A little later C. P. Moreland became associated with Edgerton in the publication. In 1903 Edgerton & Moreland sold out to G. E. Koch, w ho continued the paper only alxmt mx weeks, and then sold to Newell & Shingler. publishers of the Columbiana Ledger, by which paper the Independent was absorbed.

The Columbiana True Press was establislad July 14. 1X75, by two brothers, l.ee and Thomas S. Arnold, The publication was continued in Columbiana until August, 1SX1, when the Arnolds removed to Lcetonia and continued to issue the paper there. In the meantime, however. Lectonia's first newspaper, the original Reporter, was established in January. 187.'. by Harry Wat*ni and James Hamilton. There were, in the course of the next few years several changes: Watson >oId his interest and J"hn Marchand Ixmght in: then Hamilton sold, and Marchand continued until July, 1881, when he left the field vac mt. The Reporter had been Republican in p>litics.

the Arnold brothers, having removed their office from Columbiana, resumed the publication of the True Press in I.eetonia in August, 1881. Thomas Arnold purchased the interest of his brother in 1882. and continued the paper as the J rue Press for about six months, w hen, the paper having lieen conducted independently of |Kilitical affiliation, it was made Democratic in politics and given the name of the I.eetonia Democrat. Alxmt three years later the name of the paper was again changed,, this time being Lectonia's tirst paper's name, the Reporter. In 1905 the Reporter was still Lcetonia's only paper. Mr. Arnold still being the editor and publisher.

Hut within 25 years there hail been sundry attempts at opposition to the Reporter. Wherefore one might naturallv reach the conclusion that I.eetonia had been a fruiful newspaper field Just when the Arnolds were trying to establish themselves there, in the summer of 1SS1, D. D. Kirby, afterward the Salem publisher, and ( ». W. Cowgill. who also bad a brief experience in Salem, contested the ground with the brothers. They actually did seem to be gaining a foothold, for they started the Commercial and continued it for several months, w hen they gave up the fight. Mr. Kirby, how- , ever, had sold his interest before the paper suspended Then W, T. Cutchall. before he estab- : lished himself in New Waterford. rented a place and printed two or three issues of a piper ' in Leetonia. Then about 1890 Frank Shoe- 1 maker made an attempt which died in its incipi iency. Me was followed by Wade Dickinson and Harry Watson. Jr.. who issued a Republican weekly during the fall campaign of 1892. Near the same time a Youngstovvn man vainly attempted to get a foothold in the popular favor with a paper winch he called the Gazette. Hut "Tommy" \rnold has unbmnilcd faith in the "survival of the littest." and for several years up to 1905 he was rewarded by the knowledge that he still held undisputed possession of the field.

It lasted less than a year. Tlic following year James M. Reese, of Wellsville, ha<l a similar experience with the Salineville .\Iincr. It lived hut a few mouths. May J. J. W. and

J. F. Lacock issued the first number oi the Salineville Index, which gave greater promise of permanency of existence than either of its predecessors. It was independent in politics, and the Lacocks continued its publication until the fall of 1878, when, passing into the hands of William lackson, its name was changed to the Salineville Herald. It passed in its checks about a vear later. About 18K1 J. K. Smith started the Ohio .hiivnee in Salineville. wlr.eh about two years later passed into the hands of the publisher of the East Liverpool and Wellsville Saturday Raiew. and was finally absorljcd liv that paper. About 1880 local parties published the Screenbar, which lived almut a year. Salineville was for some time without a paper of its ow n. About January, 1888, John Crowl. coming from Last Liverpool, started the Salineville Record, and continued it for about four years. In 1894 W. R. Dultoti established the Salineville Banner, which within the next 10 or 11 years was to prove the one financial newspa|>er success of Salineville up to its time. In t</X> Dutton sold the Banner to J. H. Dodds. who was still publisher and proprietor in 1905. The Banner hail always l)een Republican m pities, as had all of Salineville' s newspaper ventures, where any IKilitical complexion at all had l>een given ti> them.

The first newspaper to gain a foothold in East Palestine was the i'atiev LY/m, established April 1 >. 1878. by Llhs J. Rohm- and continued by him until 1885. Rev. T. W. Winters then bought the paper and conducleil it until 1889. when R. I-'. Chambcrlin and S. K. Todd bought and continued the publication for a year and a half and sold 10 Robert M. Winters. Meanwhile S. II. Maneta! had started the Last Palestine RcallcS* \ ember 15. iXNb. He in 1892 sold to C. P». (ialhreath - afterwards for many years State librarian - w ho conducted the paper until March 1, 1894, the name of the paper having lieen changed to the Republican Rr,cillc, to make more conspicuous its political complexion. At this date (March 1, 1894) the I alley liclio and Republican Reveille were Consolidated as the AVvetile- liclio , and came under the management of S. K. Todd. lion. J. J. Pnttain was editor of the paper from June 14, 18174, until X'ovemlicr 1 1, 1N07. w hen he resigned to accept an appointment from President McKinley as consul to Xantcs, 1- ranee- - later ltemg transferred to Kiehl, (iermany. < Mr. liriltain had served two terms in the Low er House of the Ohio Legislature - 189-' to 180.4.) W. J- Foley was editor of the Reveille-licho for one year and Ik? was succeeded by S. L. Cutting, who held the chair until March _m. 1001. when S. K. Todd succeeded as editor and manager. July 1, 1905, E. I.. Merwin. who came from Xewton Falls, Ohio, purchased an interest and became editor of the paper. Early in 1905 the American Piotltryman . monthly, was established by S. K. Todd, publication office being at East Palestine, with a branch office in Pittsburg. Pennsylvania.

sheet, issued monthly, from 188 J to 1884. by W. Circuit Scott. The Monthly Gleaner, published also by Mr. Scott - being issued monthly from December. 1885. to Dcceinl>er. 1S88 - was more pretentious, lieing composed of four pages with four columns to the page. The last issue was dated December 15. 1888. A. C. Smith started the Xew Watcrfonl Magnet, December »>. 1N94. Smith continued as publisher about two years when Sam C. Scott, who hail extended Smith financial aid, reluctantly took over the concern, keeping it alive until April 1. 1807, w hen he sold the paper to W. T. Cutchal! and I. T. Mercer. A little later Cutchall bought out his partner, and continued the Magnet, which in 1905 had become apparently a prosperous newspaper enterprise. During the later years the paper had became Democratic i:i poblics.

And Rkpresentat1Ye Citizens

In the course of the century of progress in newspaper publication, the business had undergone a wonderful evolution. The old "Ramage" and the "Washington" hand-presses had gone, with the inking of the forms by kills and hand-rollers. In their places came the "Campbell" and the "Hoe Country Cylinders." printing 1 .000 to 1,200 sheets an hour, where a "token" of 240 sheets had lieen considered rapid work ; then came faster cylinders, making 2,000 impressions to the hour, with machines, which folded the pa|>ers as fast as they were I printed, and finally the "Con Duplex" with its ' 4,000 or 5,000 an hour and the perfecting press ' making 10,000 to 15,000 papers complete, printed and folded, to the hour. But even that is not great speed as goes the speed of the big perfecting presses of the large city dailies. Yet it is pretty good for the beginning of the 20th century in Columbiana County, where there were so many papers that ihe largest circulation in 1905 did not run beyond 5,000 copies.

do not show greater advancement than the advances made in speed by the type-setting machines over hand composition; the improved facilities for newsgathering and in the betterment in methods for serving subscribers. The linotype, one of which does the work of four or live typesetters of the old regime, had in 1905 been installed in almost every daily newspaper office. Even the country weekly had its "plate" service, a device of the last quarter of the 19th century, and the rural free delivery was taking the daily papers to the doors of the farmers over the county almost as promptly as the carriers in the cities and towns. The telephone, too. had become a great factor in new sgathering. and every daily had its court correspondent at the county seat, with a syndicate leased line for the rapid and prompt conveyance of county-seat news. Few' papers had yet availed themselves of the daily telegraph service, but the innovation had lieen made, and the indications were that soon the daily news,, hot from the wires, would be the rule rather than the exception, and that the "plate" service' would be relegated to the place occupied by the "patent outsides" in the later decades of the 19th century.