Columbiana County, Ohio - Chapter 16: Galaxy of Statesmen, 1905

Chapter 16: Galaxy of Statesmen

Mai Who Have Represented Columbiana County in Congress, -in /he Legislature and in Slate Offices - f amous Campaigns ami Campaigners - Rise of McKinlcy, Hanna and Others - Lpoch-Making County Politics.

While Columbiana County has not had the honor of seeing one of her natives in the White House or in the chair of the chief executive of the State, yet there have been from anion},' her citizenship those who have acquired deserved fame and high honor in other scarcely less resjxmsihle if less exalted positions. A renowned president w as a few months too young to claim nativity m Columbiana County, while one of the greatest statesmen and Senators the country has ever produced was liorn within its confines ; and his ancestors for three generations made the county their home. Of intellectual lights of lesser magnitude, among legislators, national. State and judiciary- states men of high and low degree - there have I wen many whom Columbiana County |>cople have delighted to honor, and who have brought honor upon their constituency and themselves. Only examples from these classes of patriots and statesmen - all of them held in grateful remembrance - can be referred to in this chapter, while no slight is intended to any,

Some of Columbiana County's early legislator- and statesmen who achieved more or less distinction were: William Russell, who was a member ot the Lower House oi the < u- ieral Assembly of Ohio from to iNjo. inclusive; John Laird, a bitter partism of the Democratic faith, who served in the State Senale in IS--,} and i S_»4 : DeLornia Hrooks. who was a member of the convention of Federalist* which met in Columbus m 1N27. and favored the nomination of John Ouincy Adams to the presidency, and who was a memlier of the Lower House of the (iencral Assembly in iSjo-_»~; Andrew W. Lnomis. w ho represented the Columbiana district in Congress in 1836- 37, ami who was chosen to deliver the oration on the occasion of the Kxith anniversary of I'raddock's defeat. .November 25, iS^S; Charles D. Coffin, who was elected by the W higs to Congress to till the unexpired term caused by the resignation of Looiuis; and J. I wnig M rooks, w ho was the youngest nienilx.T of the State Senate in 1SOO-0K.

Fisher A. I'.locksoni. of New Lislmn. who was in public life perhaps longer than any other resident of the county, serve. I as prosecuting attorney several terms early in the fust half of the 10th century. In iS<to he served on the start' of lirigtien. Robert Simison. who commanded the Second Itrigadc of the Fourth I), vision, Ohio State Militia, He was a meinl.er of the Lower House ,,f the Central Assembly from to iSjS, inclusive, and was re-elected in iS.^i and served until i.S_?V He was the presidential elector ..f the Democratic party from this district in 1832. and cast die \ote of his party in the district for Andrew Jackson. He was prosecuting attorney for the county from i.^S to 1S43. and a member of the State Hoard of Kr|nahzalion in 1841. Mr. l'.locks;ltii died in New LhImu. December 14.

James \V. Reillv, the old military, legislative and judicial "war-horse," was still living at his old home in Wellsville in 1005. at the age of 77. In 1861 he was elected on the Union ticket to represent Columbiana County in the Cower House of the Ohio Legislature, and while in that liody served on the judiciary committee and as chairman of the committee on military affairs. In July, 1862, he was tendered the colonelcy of the 104th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., and served in the war with great distinction, being promoted to the rank <>f brigadier general, commanding for a time the Third Division of the J^rd Army Corps. In 1873 he was a member of the State constitutional convention. In 1866 his name was brought forward by the Republican party of the comity in the nominating convention of the 17th District for congressional honors, and again in 1878. when, after a three days session, and more than 100 ballots, Jonathan T. I 'pdegraff. of Jefferson County, succeeded in breaking the deadlock between himself and (ieueral Reilly and secured the nomination. Jefferson County at that time being a part of the iKth C< mgrcssional District. It has alwavs l>een conceded that ' ieueral Reilly could easily have secured the nomination of his party and gone to Congress had he consented to do a little campaigning over the district in his own hchalf; but so independent was he that not a speech would he make in a campaign where he himself was interested, even in Ins own county.

Hon. Jacob A. Ambler, who was cotemporaneotis with (ieueral Rrllly. in years and in public lite, still lived at his oid home in Salem in n>os, at the age of 76. In October, 1857. he was elected to the Low er House of the Ohio (ieueral Assembly, on die Republican ticket, resigning tins office in 1850 to accept an ap ]siintment by Coventor Chase on the ctnmon p1f'>.s Ik-ucIi of the f irst Sub-Division of the Ninth Judicial District of the State, to till a vcancy caused by the resignation of Juc'.^e Lyman W. Potter. In 181*1 lie was elected t > '!'e bench f.ir the remainder of the unexpired tertv. and re-electe«l the followitig year for a full term of five years. Judge Ambler was elected to represent the 17th Ohio District in the 41st Congress, and was re-elected to the 4Jnd Congress. He served on the United States TanlT Commission, by appointment of President Arthur, the report of which commission was the basis of the tariff law of 1883. Judge Ambler was a Democrat until the organization of the Republican party, but ever after that period was a stanch advocate of its policy. His last active service in political campaigns, however, was in 1871, when he accom- |Kuued Governor Noyes on his canvassing tour through Southern Ohio. He was also a inem- !>er of the Cincinnati convention which nominated Rutherford li. Hayes for the presidency in 1876.

Hon. Jonathan H. Wallace was a notable of the old school who figured judit cially and to some extent politically in the latter half' of the loth century, in Columbiana County. He was prominent at the Columbiana County bar, and, being elected prosecuting attorney in 1851, served two terms in that office. He was appointed judge in the Ninth Judicial District by Governor lloadlcy, to till the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Peter A. I-Jutbie, and served until the next regular election. In 1880 he was the candidate of the Democracy of the 17th District for a seat in the 47th Congress; and after a contest with William Mckinley he was seated during the second session oi that Congress. He was always a Democrat, but somewhat conservative in his political ideas, lie died October K«,_>.

William McKinley. having been so near an actual product of Columbiana County that her people have long accounted him as one of her greatest men. and having, especiallv during his congressional career, lieen very closely allied w ith the county's politics as well as her industrial interests, to say nothing of his national fame as President of* the whole country, a history of Columbiana County would tv t W complete without somewhat extended reference to the great statesman. Indeed Mckinley said himself in one of his famous speeches: "J cannot forget that, when 1 was first a candidate tor Congress, it was the splendid majority of rockribbed Columbiana County which assured my election."

William .Mckinley was lxmi in \iles. Trumbull Count)', Ohio, February 2b, 1843. In common with so many of our great statesmen ami leaders, lie traced his ancestry to tiie sturdy Scotch settlers of the North of Ireland. From his father he had the energy and intellectual brilliancy of the Scotch-Irish, to which was added the German perseverance of his mother. He began his public career as a school teacher, but when the Civil War broke out he "dropped the ferule and took up the sword,"' enlisting as a private m the 23rd Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf. The same qualities, which eventually placed him foremost in the ranks of his country's leaders, soon elevated him in the ranks of her defenders. After repeated promotions, he attained the rank of captain in 1864, and was breveted major at the close of the war. Returning to his native State when his country no longer needed his services in the field, he began the study of the law, estalv lishing himself at Canton, Ohio, in 1871. So rapid was his rise in the legal profession that, five years after locating at Canton, he was elected to Congress; and by three successive re-elections he remained there four term-. In Congress his opinions soon began to have great weight; and, having made a close and thorough stud)- of the tarilT problem, he brought forward a measure providing for a higher tariff on products of American industry than had ever before In-en enacted. This law. jxipularly know n ;is the "Mckinley Hill." was destined to become a great factor in subsequent national elections, and finally to place its author in the White House. In 1801 Major Mckinley was elected Governor of Ohio; in 1893 he was reelected by a plurality 01 over 80.000 votes, a result largely due to his sturdy advocacy of the principle of protection. His remarkable record easily won him the nomination for the president .-n the St. I .on is convention in June. ]8«/>. His successful conduct of the war

I against Spain, his great personal popularity ! and the wonderful prosperity of the country , resulted in his reuoniinatton and re-election to the presidency in lyoo. Six months after his j second inauguration, he was shot down by an ; anarchist assassin while attending the I'an- I American Kxpnsition at Buffalo, on September j Oth, and died September 14, 1901. lie was

The native of Columbiana County who achieved the greatest fame of any of her famed citizens was the late Senator Marcus A. llauna. His ancestors came from Scotland. Thomas Hautia, the great -great -grand father of Marcus A. Ilanna, is said to have come to this country in 17O4. He settled first in Southern Pennsylvania, where he found among the Scotch and Scotch-Irish pioneers of that section a number of his countrymen. Soon after arriving in this country he died, leaving two sons. Rolxrt and Thomas. Robert w as lxnind out to a family of the Society of Friends, with whom he learned the tailor's trade. Having married, he removed to Virginia, w here he and John Lynch laid out the town of Lynchburg. In 1801 he, w ith his w ife and nine children, the second of whom was Benjamin, the grandfather of Senator Ilanna. came in one of the old "Conestoga" wagons from Lynchburg to the Ohio River, which they crossed at Smith's Ferry near the Columbiana County line. Making their way through the then unbroken wilderness, they located on section 10, Fairfield township. Columbiana County. Rol>crt Ilanna was chairman at the first election for township officers, held in Fairfield township, April. 1805. He was at that time elected township trustee, and his son. Benjamin, was chosen township clerk and treasurer. The Ilannas continued to hold office almost continuously in the township up until about 181 .>. Meanwhile Robert Hanna had become interested in land in Middleton township, upon which he erected a tavern at the cross-roads where the village of Clarkson w as afterwards located, which village was laid out by him in 1810. Robert Hanna's son Ben jamin ami Rachel Dixson were married December 10, 1803, by the use of the Friends' ceremony. 1 his is said to have been the first ceremony of the kind in Fairtield township. Benjamin had located on what was at'terward known as the Poulton farm, south of what was later the village of Columbiana. In 1810 he purchased a quarter-section of land east oi the village, where the Columbiana Cemetery was afterward located. Selling this land he moved to Salem in iHu, where he kept a store established by a number of Friends. About two years later he purchased a farm near .New Lisbon, and opened a store in the village, which he conducted until the canal excitement seized the town, when he was made president of the Sandy ami Beaver Canal Company, which position he tilled for 25 years. Leonard Hanna, son of Benjamin, and father of the Senator, was born at Columbiana March 4, 1806. He attended the common schools in New Lisbon, went to college, studied medicine and became a practicing physician, lie was a fine orator. ' and was an active advocate of anti-slavery and \ temperance. Me removed with his family to \ Cleveland in 1852, and became a member of ! the wholesale grocery and forwarding house of Hanna, Carrctson & Company. He died in i8(ij. Dr. Manila's wife was a daughter of Porter ami Rhoda Converse, of Ashtabula County. Ohio.

.Marcus Alonzo Hanna was bom m New Lisbon. Septemlier 24, 1837. the second of seven children. He attended the public schools of New Lisbon until the age of 15. when he removed with bis father to Cleveland. In the public schools he prepared for a course in Western Reserve College, where he spent one year in scientific study. In 1857 he entered his father's store, the management of which soon devolved upon him. The sti >rc at thai time was doing a large Lake Superior trade. After his father's death, he settled the estate and managed the business of the store. During ; the Civil War he sewed four months in connection with the War Department in Washington. In 1864 he married C. Augusta Rhodes, daughter of Daniel P. Rhodes, of Cleveland. At Mr, Rhodes' death the firm of Rhodes K

Company was succeeded by M. A. Hanna & Company, dealers m coal, iron ore and pig-iron. In this business, which gave employment to several thousand men, began the extensive relations of .Mr. Hanna, as a capitalist and employer of lalwr, with the workingmen, and "the development of new ideas as to the proper altitude of each to the other." Observing that misunderstandings were constantly arising between the employer and employee, Mr. lianna began an investigation with a view to rinding a remedy if possible. His careful observation, and patient diligent inquiry into the problem, resulted in the formation of what has since ljccn known as the National Civic Federation, an organization started about looo in Chicago. The object of this association, as Mr. Hanna expressed it, was to bring together men of experience and ability to discuss economic questions. To quote his own words: "It is no new theory to me - no new idea of yesterday or a year ago. It is the result of 30 years of experience in dealing with this question of labor - dealing with it under all conditions and emergencies and emlmrrassments which crowd the busy life of those who conduct the industries of our country."

In this connection a quotation irom a sketch prepared for the Lisbon Centennial souvenir volume will be in place: "Prior to the great political caui[iaign of 1896, Mr. Hanna was comparatively unknown outside the realms of trade and commerce. The knowledge that the world at large had of him was that he was a shrewd, careful and brainy captain of industry, engaged in large business enterprises which required the investment of much capital, the employment of an army of lalmr, and the watchful, far-seeing eye of the thoroughly intelligent business man to bring them to a safe issue. Hut his friendship and love for the standard-hearer of his party induced him to enter into 1 hat contest with all his ardor, and with his advent into politics 110 puny weakling entered the lists, but a full grown gladiator sprang into the arena. The country was amazed at the spectacle of one who had devoted his whole life to arduous business pursuits suddenly appearing in a new field, and showing from that day his superb .jualities of statesmanship. Untrained in the att of public speaking, lie surprised his audiences hy ins oratory; fur lie is certainly an orator within the definition that 'oratory is the art of convincing the people.' Hut with all thai has lieen aecoided to him in a political way, .Senator I lamia is prouder oi" the pail lie has taken in the peace! ui si dull' >H ot the vexed lahor (piestioii than lie is of mere political victories, gratifying as they may lve. In -peaking of tile hitter contest in the Tuscarawas Valley during the miners' strike in 1874. when tile militia of the State had to he ordered out to uphold the law and preserve order he said: T had seen men actuated hy passion and prejudice, so that reason win dethroned : ami I had seen the men on the other side fully aroused to what thev considered tin.- injustice of the demands of cmpl> sees and determined to resist to the last. Like all other strikes, it came to an end; and a tier that experience, alter final consideration of :ts origin and its features. 1 made up my mind i here was a hetter way to settle disputes of !;»!.- a ami capital; and from lhat day to this, that question has never liven at. sent from my thoughts; there never has heen a time that I have not studied every feature "f it. And when n> a in the opeirng of this i»e\v century we are in the midst of the greatest prosperity which we have ever k:i. .wn. when all the iudustri.d interests - -f the country are roused to i.uidhi"i.s wh-cli inspire activity, ihe men, the captains of industry, controlling these great industries, in their own .selfishness, in their own dc-ire to make the best of the opportunities, have overlooked die importance of that other side of the uueslion. * * * * '| |u. w:lv j,, prepare to meet nil o 'indigencies is to lay the foundation of mutual lauc'it and mutual c< >u:i. leucc. each v. ith the other. o-;e ju-t as necessary and just a.s important as the other.' The leading ouestioti ui the - l:i y from every point "' view, a <|iies'j..n of the life o*' our republic, i- the .-uestion upon which the Civic Fedcratr. >;; is engaged, and to which the leading mind- .a- the country are asked to contribute wlr.tever of thought or experience thev mav have tor a proper and jit-t solution of the great economic problem. W hen such men as M. A. llanna and his associates combine to bring harmony out of discord and- industrial peace out of t Lie conflict between labor and capital, we may ice! assured that their efforts will lie successful."

Mr. llanna was appointed to die United States Senate by (inventor Asa S. Uushr.ell March 5, 1877. \<> (ill the vacancy caused h\ lac retirement of John Sherniaii, who resigned to accept the position of Secretary of Mate in President Mckinley's cabinet; took Ins seat March 5, 1897; in January, 1 S. S. he was elected for the short term ending March 4. 1800,, and also for the succeeding full term, which wuild have ended March 4. 1905. lie died after a brief illness, February 15. 11)04, 111 Washington, and was buried in Cleveland.

April, 1877, he was admitted to the bar and was j elected prosecuting attorney of Columbiana County in 1880. re-elected in i88j and served , until January, 1880; was elected to the 54th, 55th, 56th and 57th Congress, and declined after being nominated without opposition by the Republicans of the iStli District to succeed himself in' the 58th Congress. In 1904 Mr. Tayler was appointed I'nitcd States dis- ' trict judge for the Northern District of Ohio, to succeed Judge Wing, resigned, and his decision upon the constitutionality of the Chinese exclusion act. rendered in July, 1005, attracted world-wide attention. Judge Tayler is a very eloquent and convincing speaker, and did much cani[)aign work, being very often in <letnanil 111 this and other States during the exciting campaigns of 1S80 to 1904.

One of the most - it not the most - effective campaign orators Columbiana County has produced was P. C. Voting; and that he did not go to Congress was not for lack of ability - and, it lias !>een freely declared, of opportunity, had he seen and taken advantage of the tide of jxtpularity when at its llood. Peter Cleaver Young was born May 19, 1N4X, in Middielon township, Columbiana County, He received his education in the common schools and in the New Lisbon High School; was admitted to the bar in 1X7J. in the meantime conducting the HucL'cyr Slut,- for several years. He was elected and served as probate judge of Columbiana County from 1X91 to 1X97. He died July J5. 1X1)9. Judge Vomit;, was, during every political campaign for J5 years, always ' in demand for service on the stump, in this ami other State-. Past and West.

John II. Clark was another of the "brainy boys" which Columbiana County produced alx.ut the middle of the 19th century. He was b>rii in 1857 in New Lisbin. where he was admitted to the bar in 1N7N He was several times urged t<> be a candidate for Congress ami once or twice for (iovertior by his party ( the Democratic).. which was in the minority, and its a campaign speaker had usually more dates than he could till. In the early 'No's he became interested in the publication of the Y'amgstown / ntdiat'or , and later removed to

Cleveland where he became a corporation lawyer. A sketch of .Mr. Clark, printed in 190.5. says: "I!y taste and habit .Mr. Clark is a student and much of his time is spent m his library. He has expended both time and money in establishing and extending the equipment of public libraries. Some of the fruits of his interest in these lines have developed into' a number of lectures on literary subjects w hich he delivers to fortunate audiences occasionally for educational and charitable purposes. His 'Same Clowns and Fouls of Shakespeare.' 'Shakespeare the .Man.' and 'James Russell Lowell and LiU-riv,' have delighted some of the largest audiences and ranked with the best talent in city courses."

An attorney at the Columbiana County bar --also a native of New LislN.ni, which town has produced so many good men - who at the beginning of the new century was forging tothe front rank. Iioth as an able lawyer and eloquent public s[>eaker, was Charles S. Sjteaker. He belonged to a somewhat younger class than Tayler. Young and Clark, but was following close in their f«Hitsteps if m t fully abreast with them in many of their brilliant qualifications. He served (he. county as prosecuting attorney from 189J to 1X1/7. and in 19x1,5 was Columbiana County's choice in the Republican convention which nominated James Kennedy, of Yotingtown. to succeed Rolicrt \V. Tayler.

Hon. William P. Hepburn, who for about jo years represented the Eighth Iowa District in Congress, was honj in Wellsville in 1X3,5. lie went to Iowa in 1N41. Hon. John P. PJI011. of Pennsylvania, also s|«an h:s boyhood in Wellsville.

In the Lower House of the I )lno ( ieueral Assembly, the following persons were members: In 1X030.1. Richard Beesoti. Samuel Duulap and John Sloane ; 1X0405. Rmlolph Bair; 1X0/1-07. Joint McConnell; 1X07-0X. John Sloane; 1X0X09. William Ilarbaugh and _| - - T 1 1 1 Crumbaclier ; 1X09-10. < ieorge Clark. John Crumb aeher and William Ilarbaugh : iXm-11. John Crunibachcr. < ieorge * lark and W illiam Foulks ; 1X11 12. William Fonlks, John dim: haclter and Jacob Frederick; 1X12-13. Jac-'b Bushoig ami (ieorge Brown; 1X13-14. Thomas

Rigdon and John <,. Young: 1814-15. Thomas Rigdon anil David Hanna; 1815-16. Thomas Rigdon; 1816-17, John Thompson. David Hanna and Jacob Roller; 1817-18. Jacob Roller and Joseph Richardson; 1818- 19. Joseph Richardson and William Foulks; 1819-20, Joseph Richards. >n and Jacob Roller; 1820-21, Joseph Richardson (elected Speaker). Jacob Roller and Jacob Brown; 1821-22. William Blackburn," Peter Musser ami Daniel Harlxuigh : 1X22-23. William Blackburn. Joseph Richardson and Daniel Ilarbaugh; 1X23-24. Joseph Richardson (Speaker). Jacob Roller and William Blackburn; 1X24-25. W illiam Blackburn. William F. Russell and Ceorgc Brown; 1X25-26, William F. Russell, (ieorge Brown and Jacob (iaskill ; 1X26-27, Fisher A. Blocksom, John liessin ami DeLortna Brooks; 1827-28, Fisher V Blocksom. Robert Forties and Fldcrkin ] 'otter; 1828-29, Fldcrkin I 'otter. James Farly and Nathaniel Myers; 1829-30. James Farly. Jacob Roller and James Marshall; 1830-31, James Farly. Jacob Roller and James Marshall; 1831- 32, Fisher A. Blocksom. James Marshall and James Farly: 1X32-33. Fisher A. Blocksom. Robert Forties and John Ouinn; 1X33-34, Jacob Roller. Robert Forties and John Ouinn; 1X34-35. Jacob Roller. Rolicrt Forties and John Ouinn; 1835-36, Samuel Cresswell, William Armstrong and Benjamin Blackburn; 1X3(^37, Samuel Cresswell. William Annstrong and Charles M. Aten; 1X37-38. 'Thomas Cannon. ( Ieorge Smith and Jacob Roller; 1838-39, (ieorge Smith. Jacob Roller and John M. Jenkins; 1839-40. John M. Jenkins. Robert W ilson and William D Lepper; 1840-41. John M. Jenkins and Charles M. Aten; 1841-42. John M. Jenkins ; 1X42-43. John Reid and John Martin. 1843-44. John Martin and Robert Tilson; 1844-4;. Robert Filson; 1X4; 46. Clement L. Yallandigham and Joseph I'. Williams; 1X46.47. Clement 1.. Vallandighrun ; 1X47-48. James I 'at ton and Joseph F. Williams: 1X4X *.|o. David King: 1 X 41 ;-;n, John ( 'iilman : 1850- 51. I'liihp March. 1X51-52. Philip March and Abram Croxton: 1X54-55. Henry Hessin ; ami W illiam I' Morris: 1856-57. John Hunter and Moses Mctidcnhatl: 1X5859. Jacob A.

broni the time the first steps were taken to organize the State of Ohio up to 1905, three State constitutional conventions had been held. These persons were members resj>ectively from Columbiana County: In convention of 1802, Rudolph Blair; 1850-51, Henry II. Gregg and Samuel Quigley ; 1873. Janics W. Reilly. Among the efficient memljcrs of the General Assembly from Columbiana County during the last quarter of the 19th century, not only as pains-taking law-makers, but as active campaigners, were George W. Love, William T. Cope and Alexander H. McCoy. Mr. !>>ve was essentially a self-made man. He had been a coal miner and educated himself. He died soon after his period of service in the Legislature. Mr. Cope, who had made a good record as a volunteer soldier in the war for the Cnion. developed, after he was 50 years of age, no mean ability as a public speaker. He was State Treasurer from iSijj to 1896. inclusive, and dfed in Novcmlier, 1902. Mr. McCoy w:is an especially useful niemU-r of the House committee of finance while a member of llie General Assembly, He met death by accident in the summer "f 1899. Isaac 1! Cameron, for many years a merchant in Saline ville, achieved some distinction in county and State affairs. He served as treasurer of Columbiana County in 1894 anil 1897. inclusive, and of the State of Ohio from 1901 to 1904. inclusive. 1'or many years he was chairman of the Columbiana Count) Republican Executive Committee. I le was a member of the State Republican Central Committee in 1893. also a member of the 18th Congressional District

Among the most exciting political campaigns which ever occurred in Ohio was the guliernatorial contest of 1863 l>ctween John Brough. a iter wards the "War Governor," and Clement L. Vallandigham, a native and for main a resident of New Lisl*m - who during his race for Governor was banished across the lilies into the so-called "Southern Confederacy."

Clement Laird Vallandigham was born in New Lisbon July 29, 1820 - being a son of Rev Clement Vallandigham, one of Columbiana County's pioneer preachers. He was graduated at Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, taught school from 1838 to 1840 and was admitted to the Columbiana County bar in 1842. In 1845 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature, and, although the youngest member, he became the leader of the Democratic patty in the House. He voted against the repeal of the "Black Laws," preferring, as he said, to submit the question to the popular vote, declaring that he so voted liecause the measure "would result in the most effectual putting down of this vexed question for perhaps 2<t years to come. It would probably fail as did the question 01 "cgro suffrage in New York, where the people had voted against it by a majority of 50.000."' In 1847 he removed to Davtoit, where he ln-camc part owner and editor of the ll'i'stcm Umpirs, and continued to practice law. In his salutatory in the U'i'sh-ru Empire lie said: "We will sup- , port the Constitution of the United States m its whole integrity,*' "protect ami defend the Union," the doctrine of strut construction." and "stand fast to the doctrine also of State Rights so embodied in Mr. Madison's Virginia report and Mr. Jefferson's Kentucky \ resolutions of t^jS." lie also advocated "free i trade," "ri fixed tenure of every office under the l'ederal government that will pronerly ad- I mit it." and "popular education." In t<S-,j he made an effort to secure (he Democratic ' nomination for Lieutenant Coventor, hut was defeated by William Medill. In 1S57 lie was candidate for Congress against Lewis D. Campbell, and, though declared defeated, contested the seat and won it. serving from May 25, 1858. until March 3. 1 So}. During the 37th Congress he became conspiciiais for his J liold utterances against the acts of the admin- 1 istration in the conduct of the war. and on December 5, iSmj. offered a series of resolutions in winch he declared that, "as the war was originally waged fur the purpose of defending and maintaing the supremacy of the Constitution and the preservation of the Union. * * * whosoever should attempt to pervert the same to a war of subjugation, and for the overthrow- . ing or interfering with the rights of the Slates, and to abolish slavers, would be gnihy : of a crime against the Constitution ;in,| the 1 Union." These resolutions Uerc laid, on datable by a vote of -1; to ;o, January 1 :'b fo|- ! lowing. Mr. Vallandigham spoke to the us - lutions of Mr Wright, of Pennsylvania, defined his position on the w ar micsr.iou. and said "A war for Union! Was the Union thus ma<le? Was it cwr thus preserved'- H'storv will record that after nearly ti.txxi war- of folly and wickedness in every form ai:d administration of goverruneut. theocratic, democratic. ntoiiarchic. oligarchic, despotic and ; mixed, it was reserve! So American statesmanship in the loth century of the < Ivi-n.m era to try the grand experiment. <>n a sc:iV the tin.st costly and gigantic tn -Is propovp. .ns, of creating love by force, and developing fraternal affection hv u.ir: and lnstor\ v. ii1 record 1 too, on the same page, the ntier. disastrous

After his term in Congress had expired, Mr. Vallandigham returned to Ohio and made numerous speeches, in which he attacked the administration of J 'resident Lincoln w ith great violence and bitterness. Cen. A. K. Hurnsale, then commander r>f the Department of Ohio, regarded these demonstrations of Mr. Vallandigham and his friends as intended to afford aid and comfort to the enemy; and. as the city of Cincinnati, as well as Southern Ohio and the adjacent Stales, was in some peril from the raids of the Confederates, he deemed it. to Ik.- his ilntv to suppress these demonstrations, and accordingly issued an order declaring that persons within the lines that were found committing certain specified acts for the benefit of the enemy should W tried as spies and traitors, and also said that the habit of expressing sympathy for the enemy would no longer lie tolerated in the department. Mr. Vallandigham replied to this order on May tst in a violent speech ami Cen. Ihtrnside ordered his arrest. He was taken to Cincinnati, and. though he issued an appeal to his adherents, was tried bv conn -martial, convicted atid sentenced to dose confinement during the war. President Lincoln changed the sentence to banishment across the lines. This affair occasioned much discussion both in public assemblies and in lhe press. With scarcely an exception. Democratic newspapers denounced the whole transaction. Republican papers generallv. hosvever. and some of those published by "War Demo, crais." nrcntaitied that the necessities of the case justified the measure. Ills reception across the lines not being to his liking - lie having given the .assurance to the 'eiders of the Rebellion that they would succeed if only their armies could hold out until another election, when the Democrats would sweep the Republican administration from power and make peace - Mr. Vallandigham made his way to Pienum la and thence t" Canada, where he remained for some time. While thus in exile he was nominated for Covernor by the Democratic party in Ohio.

laudigham in New Lislxm, wrote a vivid sketch (if the famous campaign of 18(13 for the Cincinnati Enquirer some years after. Annstrong wrote:

"The conservative Democrats <1i<l not tiesire to nominate Valkunlighani for ( iovernor ; Inil his arrest, trial hv military commission and his banishment excited every radical and ultra jieace I democrat in the State, an<l they rallied m their strength at all the count v conventions and captured the delegates. ( )ne radical can always In.- counted up> n to do more work than ten moderate men. l ive day before the convention assenihled the city of Columbus was invaded hv thousands oi Democrat--, hitter, assertive and defiant in their determinate >n that, come what would, they would defy 'Order No. 38.' and exercise what they claimed to l>e their constitutional right of free speech. Convention day came, and with it delegation after delegation, with hands of music, flags flying, hickory hushes waving, from every section of the State. (ireat |irocessions. with men on horsehack. and in wagons, crowded the streets, and the sidewalks were hlack with excited men. No hall in the city was large enough to contain one-tenth of the Ik -Id Democracv present who desired to attend the convention. It was held on the east front of the State House, in the open air. Ex-< iovernor Medill. of Lancaster. Ohio, w as chosen president of the conventron ; and Medill could hold no check <>n the extravagant demonstration in favor of the 'Man in Exile.' Vallandigham was nominated by acclamation.

"The Democratic State Convention was held in the second week of Mine, and two weeks later the Uenv.hhc.in State Convention met. |<>h;i though was bn night < ut it 1 oppos;- tion to (iovernor Todd, who wa.s a candidate for nomination for a second term [trough received the nonrnation by a small majority. * * * * 'trough was ,-> ^t'eat popular orator. He had a sledge hammer style abntt him that made him very powerful * * * IVnh parties having placed tlieir candidates in the field, there opened a campaign which, for excitement, for rancor and for bitterness, will. T hope, never again lie paralleled in this country. Vallandigham in exile in Canada, the command of his forces was given Ceorgc E. I 'ugh. candidate on the ticket w ith Vallandigham for Lieutenant (iovernor. while lirough in person led the Republican cohorts, livery local speaker of any note joined in the battle of words, and 'Order No. 38. was "cussed and discussed" 'w- day and by right, from the Ohio River to the lake, and from the Pennsylvania to tite Indiana line, before great assemblages of people. The great political meetings of 1 840 were overshadowed in numbers by the gatherings of bub Democrats ami Republicans in 1803. It was the saturnalia of [Mjlitics * * * ']"|ie Democrats in the last weeks of the campaign felt that they were beaten, but the splendid discipline of the Democratic organization was manifested hv their determined effort to the very last hour of the election day."

I'.rough's majority on the home vote was bi,\)J-, but the vote of the soldiers in the field ran his majority up to joi,OQa> - the largest ever given for (iovernor in any Slate up to that time. Another writer, speaking of I'.rough's candidacy, has said: "Although John ttrough was a War Democrat, when the Civil War tiegan in i8(>r. lie was urged to he come a candidate of the Republican Cnioti party for (iovernor. Thi* honor he declined at that time. The canvass of tSdj was held under different conditions. The Civil W ar was at its height, a lirge proportion of the loval voters were in the armv. and Southern sympathizers, led by Clement L. Vallandigham. were openly defiant. There was apparently some danger that he would K- elected by the peace faction of the party, Ai (his crisis Mr. 1 'rough made a patriotic speech at Marietta, declaring slaverv destroyed hv' the ad of re hellion, and earnestly appealed to all p'tnots. of whatever previous |H«lilical aftiliatious. to unite against the Southern Rebels. And then he was immediately put before the people by (he Republican I'uion party as a candidate for (iovernor."

tion at Chicago in 1864, and was largely instrumental in bringing alxnit the nomination of Gen. <ieurge li. McClcllan and George II. Pendleton for President apd Vice-President. He was also a delegate to the National Democrat ic Convention in 1808. His death was caused by the accidental discharge of a pistol in his own hand, at Lebanon, Ohio, in 1871, Iwing at the time but 51 years of age.

T1Ik Fighting M Cooks

Perhaps 110 more fitting place will I»e found in this work to introduce the New Lislxm branch of the "Fighting McCook" family than in this chapter; for. besides being warriors essentially, there was a large streak of statesmanship in the McCook blood. George Mc- Cook was born in 1750 and died in 1822 ; Mary McCormiek McCook, I torn in 1703, died in 1833 - both died and were buried in New Lisbon. To this worthy couple were Ixtrn Dr. George McCook, Maj. Daniel McGiok and Dr. John McCook. Dr. George McCook and Maj. Daniel McCook married sisters. Margaret and Martha Latimer, who lived, died and were buried in New Lisbon. The children of Dr. George McCook and Martha Latimer Mc- Cook were: Dr. George McCook. Jr., Martha Umbstaetter. Margaret Hart. Man- A. Hanna and Catherine Hanna. whose husbands were relatives of Senator Marcus A. Hanna : Amelia McCook. Elizabeth, wife of Hon. Jonathan

H. Wallace, and Fannie Childs. Maj. Daniel McCook and Martha Latimer McCook were the parents of Surgeon Latimer A. McCook, Getl. George YY. McCook. Gen. Rolx-rt L. Mc- Cook. Gen. Alex. Mel). McCook. Gen. Daniel McCook. Gen. Edwin S. McCook, Charles M. McCook, Col. John J. McCook. Midshipman

I. lames McCook. Mary J. Baldwin, Catherine Mi-Cook and Martha Curtis. Dr. John Mc- Cook «;i> the father of Gen. Fdwin S. Mc- Cook. Gen. Anson G. McCook. Chaplain Henrv C. McCook. Commattrler Roderick S. McCook iU. S. X.i. Liet.t. John J. McCook. and Mary Sheldon McCook. .Ml of the children of Dr. George McCook. Sr., an<t of Dr. John McCook were l orn in New Lislton. as also

Every one of the "Fighting McCooks" was a commissioned officer in the Civil War either before its close or lwfoire his death, except Charles M. McCook, who declined a commission and was killed at Bull Run. Gen. Robert I^atimer McCook was born in New Lisbon December 28. 1827. He read law in the office of Stanton & McCook ( E. M. Stanton, the great War Secretary, and (Jen. George W. McCook) in Steuhenville. and afterwards formed a partnership with Judge Stallo in Cincinnati. In the Civil War he arose to the rank of major general, and was assassinated by guerrillas while lying wounded in an ambulance near Selma. Alaitama. August o, 1862. Maj. (Jen. Alex. Mcl). McCook was Ixirn near New Lisbon, April 22, 1 83 1 . He was graduated from West Point in the class of 1852. and at the opening of the War of the Rebellion was made colonel of the First Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf. He retired after the war as major general in the regular army. Dr. John McCook was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, and educated at Jefferson College. He lived and practiced medicine in New Lisbon for many years, later in StculxMivillc, and died Octolx-r 11, 1865. in Washington. D. C, while visiting his son, (Jen. A. G. McCook. Maj. -Gen. Edward M. McCook was bom June 15. 1833, at New Lisl*>n. He practiced law in Kansas, and was a member of the Kansas Legislature. He entered the service at the opening of the War of the Rebellion as major of the Second Indiana Cavalry, and at the close of the war had become a major general. Later he was United States Minister to the Sandw ich Islands and was subsequently appointed Governor of Colorado Territory by President Grant. (Jen. Anson G. McCook was l»>ru at New Lisbon October 10. 1835. ann w:,s educated in the schools of New Listxtn. lie studied law in the office of Stanlon & McCook. Stcnbcm ille, and at the outbreak of the war in the spring of (Sot raised a company of infantry, of which he was chosen captain. It was the first company 1o offer Its services from Eastern Ohio, and w as assigned to the Sec ml Regiment.

Ohio Vol. Inf. He was promoted to colonel and before the close of the war was breveted brigadier general. After the close of the war he located in New York: although a Kepuhlican was elected for several terms to Congress from a Democratic district, and was for a number of years secretary of the Cnilcd States Senate. Rev. Henry C. McCook. D. I)., was born July 3. 1837, at New I.idx.n. He studied for die ministry in Western Theological Seminary ( Presbyterian) at Allegheny: at the outbreak of the war enlisted as a private soldier was promoted to lieutenant and afterwards appointed chaplain. In 1005 he was pastor emeritus of the Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, of Philadelphia, of which for .25 years or more he had been the active pastor. Ikhas written several books on the habits of atits and spiders and is the author of "The Latimers." a historic novel based upon pioneer life Western Pennsylvania. Commander Roderick S. McCook, I". S. N., was born at New Lisbon. March 10, 1839. He was graduated from the Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1859. He did good service in the navy during the Civil War, and won the rank of commander l>efore its close. He died February 23. 1885. Rev. John J. McCook was horn at New Lisl>on February 4. 1843. He served as lieutenant in the First Virginia Infantry in the war: graduated from Trinity College. Hartford; studied medicine, afterward entered the Protestant Episcopal ministry, and later still I>ecame professor of modern languages in Trinity College.

Heroes Ami Statesmen

But there were others than the McCook s and | more than can be mentioned here - who. haying served their country well and truly in the War of the Rebellion, either did not live to return, or, returning, served their country and county in civil life and in the avocations of peace. Judge Peter A. Liubie. of Salem, and of the 19th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., who was promoted from lieutenant to captain and acting major, returned and served his county and district on the common pleas and circuit t>enches for over 30 years, and was still in the harness in 1905. Fphraim H. HolWay, of Columbiana, who rose from the rank of lieutenant in the 41st Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., to that of brevet brigadier general, was afterwards a member of the Ohio (ieneral Assembly. Col. S. J. Firestone, of New l.islxm. who advanced from 1st lieutenant in the 19th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.. to major, after his return served his county for two terms as probate judge. W. J. Jordan, of New l.islxm, who returned from the service of 1X61-65 as lieutenant colonel of the 104th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., attained to a splendid standing at the Columbiana County bar before bis death. H. R. Hill, of East LivcrjRxil, lieutenant colonel of the 115th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.. also gained a leading place at the Columbiana County bar, and was still living in icjos, having retired from practice with honors. Col. Thomas C. Boone, also of the 115th. was an active figure in many enterprises in Salem up to the time of his death. Col, W. H. Vodrey. of the 143rd Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.. was, after the war. a conspicious figure for many years in manufacturing circles in East Liverpool. The after-thc-war experience of Capt. William T. Cope, also of the 143rd. has already licen referred to in this work. David (i. Swaim, of Salem, w ho had been promoted from 1st lieutenant to major of the 65th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.. afterward served as major in the regular army. George F. Ball, of Salem, after serving in the 65th Ohio, and receiving a wound which was torture to him for the remainder of his life, served two terms as county recorder subsequent to his army experience. J. F. Riddle, promoted from captain to major of the 104th, after being admitted to the bar followed mercantile pursuits in Wcllsville for a number of years before his death. Capt. Asa H. Battin. of Wcllsville. after serving in the Third Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., as commander of Company K, was mayor of Wellsville, and later practiced law at the Jefferson County bar. John L. Staughn. of New Listen, who was captain in the f<7th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.. was later coroner of Columbiana County for several terms. Capt. Hugh Sturgeon and Capt. Roliert C. Taggart. of East

Palestine, who served with distinction in the 104th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., were hoth useful members 01 tlie community in which they lived for years, Capt. Taggart having served two terms as county treasurer. (His further career of usefulness, for he still survived in J 905. is mentioned elsewhere in this works). Lieut. J. C. Taggart. also of the 104th, was- still living in 1005 as minister of the First I'. I'. Church, of Fast Liverpool, in which capacity he has serveil for over 30 years. Lieut. Stacy Pettit. of the 104th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., was. subsequent to the war. county auditor for two terms. Adjt. William M. llostetter, oi the 115th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf.. served the county as sheriff for two terms, and in 1905 was still an active and enterprising citizen of Lisbon. M. II. Foutts. who served honorably in the 115th, was, later, mayor of Hast Liverpool for a number of years. The same may l>e said of Lieut. C.eorge Morley. of Company I. of the 143rd - Ix.th of these men having l>ecn prominent manufacturers also of Fast Liverpool, and both having passed away before the close of the last century, George j. Luckcy, formerly of Last Liverpool, and a sergeant in Company 1. 143rd Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf.. was after the war for many years city superintendent of public schools of Pittsburg. Pennsylvania. Capt. J. Newton George, of Company 14, 143rd Oh'o. was superintendent of the Last Liverpool public schools for some years prior to his death. Lieut. J. C. Mcintosh, of the same company, served ! ao tent's as county commissioner, and was in 1005 still living, a prosperous farmer in St. C lair township, (.'apt. A. R. Artcr, of Company C. 143rd Ohio, was a prosperous merchant in Hanovcrton for many years before his death, Capt. William Brunt, of Company I. 143rd Ohio, was still living in hk>5 being one of the most successful pottery manufacturers of blast Liverpool. Capt, George W. (iibl<s. First Lieut. Jesse II. I-emmon and Second Lieut. Jonathan R. Oliphant. all of Salem, had honorable records as officers of Company 1). 143rd Ohio. Lieutenant Oliphant. who i> still living, having served efficiently as assessor of bis ward in Salem. Sergt. L. C. Dallas.

of the 143rd, was postmaster of SalinevillC for a numlier of years before his death. Sergt. Norman H. Garrigues, of Salem, who, while in the service was for some time on Gen. John C. Fremont's body-guard, was subsequently auditor of Columbiana County lor two terms. Daniel W'. Firestone, of the oOth Ohio, and W illiam G. Bently. of the 104th Ohio, each served Columbiana County as treasurer lor two terms subsequent to the close of the war. Martin L. Fdwards, of Salem, had a very honorable war record. He was promote* I from sergeant of Company C. nth Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.. to 1st lieutenant, and served as caplain, and was still engaged in the machine business in Salem in 1905. Lieut. Henry C. Jones, who served in the uth Ohio Cavalry, was a practicing lawyer in Salem for many years after the war, and died alxnit the beginning of 1004. Hon. John M. Dickinson, i f Lislx.n, was a member of the S41I1 Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf. : subsequent to the war, he was a member of the Ohio Senate in sessions of |(HSj and 1884, and was mayor of New Lisbon from 1809 to 1 SS 1 . He was still a practicing attorney at the Columbiana County bar in 1905. Lieut. Calvin L. Starr, of the Third Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf.. and Sergt. Thomas C. Starr, of (he 78th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf.. both of New Lisbon ; neither survived the war. Capt. C. \Y. Irwin, of Salineville. died whde in tiie service as an officer of the lyth Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.: Capt. C. Bean-, i f New Lisbin. was killed in battle while leading a company of the iqth Ohio; Charles Brewer, of New Lisbon, also a member of the njth Ohio, was killed in battle: and Second Lieut, l-reeman Morrison, of New Lisbin. a member of the 76th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.. was killed w hile in the service. Sergt. Thomas J. W alton 1 promoted to lieutenant ) and W illiam Meldrum. both of Salem, and both of whom served in the loth Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., claimed to he the First men in the county to c-ilist for the War of the Rebellion. J. li. Kirk. living in Lima. Ohio, in mo;, set up a similar claim, he Iteing at the time of the breaking out of the war. a resident of Salem, ami enlisting also for the 19th Ohio.

And so the noble defenders of the Union, in the memorable struggle of 1861-65, were in very many cases the better fitted, by the experience of those years, for the pursuits of peace.