Columbiana County, Ohio - Chapter 20: The Towns and Townships - Iii, 1905 (part 1 of 19)

Chapter 20: The Towns and Townships - Iii

Perry Township and the Good Old Quaker Ttmti on the North - Salem Township and Lcetonia - Unity To-wnship and the Villages of Bast Palestine, Unity and Nav Waterford - Washington Township and the Mining Trnvn of Salmerilie - Wayne Township - Ycllo-w Creek Township and Wellsz-ille.

The history of Salem is practically the history of Perry township. Perry is the central northern township of the county. It is comjKJsetl of id sections, four each having l>een taken from Butler. Salem. Green and Goshen townships ('when the last two name*! were transferred to Mahoning County upon its organization); and of these ]f» sections Perry township was constituted. The surface of the land in the township is gently rolling, and the soil is generally quite fertile.

The first settler in the township and iti the 1 locality where the town of Salem was built, I of whom there is any record, was Elisha I Schooley. who came from Virginia and located j in 1801. He built a log cabin on section 32, i probably on the southwest quarter, which j later l*ecamc a part of the town of Salem. Jacob Painter, also from Virginia, came in 1802 and settled on section 32. Samuel Smith and Samuel Davis located on section 31 in 1803. Jonas Cattell and Klisha Hunt settled on what was to 1>e the site of Salem, also in 1803. John Webb, with his family of seven sons and four daughters, settled on section 30 in 1805. Levi Jennings came in 1808 and settled on section _>f>. His eldest son, Simeon, born November 7, 171)1. was a somewhat remarkable character, and was closely identified during his lifetime with Salem. At his death, which occurred October 30. 1865, it is said he left an estate valued at more than a million and a half dollars. Abram Warrington. Job Cook and John Shanghai!* settled on section t in

1804. Zadok Street with his family came from Salem, New Jersey, in the winter of 1805-06, and soon after t(x>k up a quarter section, included in what was afterward Salem. Joel Sharp with his wife and two daughters came over the mountains and located in 1800, John Blackburn coming the same year and settling on section 2. Michael Stratton and Jonathan Stanley, the latter bringing a wife 'and three children, settled in 1800. Stratton was a carpenter, served on the town committee in 181 1, and was a trustee iti i8u, 1818 and 1819. Jonathan Evans came in 1804, Israel Gaskell in 1805, Thomas Stanley in 1806 and James Tolerton in 181 1. Tolerton was one of the early school teachers in Salem.

Perry township was organized in 1832, being named in honor of the hero of I^ake Erie. Joseph Wright, Thomas Webb and Joseph England, with Dr. Benjamin Stanton (treasurer) and Benjamin Hawley (clerk), were the first trustees in 1833.

The village of Salem was laid out in 1806, the original plat l>eing recorded on May 6th of that year. The plat was made and the first town lots sold by John Straughan and Zadok Street. The village was named after Salem, New Jersey, from which place the Street family had migrated. Other plats were made soon after, lots sold readily and houses were built in, for those early days, quick succession. In 1807 the first Friends" Meeting House was built. It was a log structure. But in 1808 Samuel Davis donated two acres on the north side of Main street., and Israel Gaskell the same amount on the south side, for sites for a meeting house and a graveyard. In 1808-09 a new Friends' Meeting House was built 011 the allotment on the south side of Main street. Mack's history says of Salem in 1809: "Coming from the south the first house was Israel Gaskell's, situated where Zadok Street's now stands on Lisbon street (Lincoln avenue). The log cabin of Samuel Davis could be seen to the northwest. Turning into Main street the first building was Price Blake's log cabin, used as an inn. Adjoining it was the Friends' Meeting House of brick: further west lived Zadok Street, in a log cabin in which he kept a store. Robert French lived on the north side of Main street and James and Barzilli French lived northward about a mile. John Straughan's home was on the south side of Main street. Jonathan Evans lived just east of Gaskill's."

The town of Salem was incorporated by act of assembly, passed January 8, 1830. In 1842 it contained a population of 1.000. The tow n government then consisted of a president, a recorder and five trustees. John Campbell was the first president.

The first number of the Salem f 'Mage Register, issued April 12, 1842, gives this description of the town as it then appeared : "Salem is situated about 60 miles west of Pittsburg, and near the same distance south of Lake Erie. It contains a population of more than i,o<x>, and is located in the midst of a well-improved farming district. It is pleasantly situated on a slight elevation, but the country around is for the most part comparatively level. It was laid out some 35 years since, but has improved more rapidly of late than formerly. Most of the houses are frame, though a considerable number are brick. It contains two woolen manufactories, one foundry, thirteen stores (mostly extensive), six or seven drug-shops and groceries, three taverns, one tin shop, one watchmaker-shop, two hatter-shops, seven tailorshops, one coverlet-weaver, one stockingweaver and other weaving establishments, four cabinetmakers' shops, nine boot and shoe shops, five coachmakers' shops, ten blacksmith shops, twenty-five or thirty carpenters, two chairmakers. and numerous other workshops and mechanics of various kinds; also three lawyers and four physicians, six houses of worship and five schools." An omission in the first number of the paper was supplied in the second, by the addition of an "extensive plowmaking establishment, three saddler and harness-making shops, affording employment to six or seven hands ; one 'whitesmith,' one dentist, one cooper-shop, one mowing-machine establishment. One of the woolen manufactories furnishes employment to near 40 hands."

and Employees" for the year preceding - the figures representing the number of men employed in each case: "J. Woodruff & Sons, stoves, 72 ; Victor Stove Company, stoves, 52 ; W. J. Clark & Company, step-ladders, screens, etc., 12; Boyle & Carey, stoves, 26; Bakcwell & Mullins, sheet metal works, 100; W. J. Clark & Company, sheet metal works, 32; Purdy, Baird & Company, sewer-pipe, 6; Salem Lumber Company, sash, doors, etc., 10; J. B. McNab, canned goods, 16; Salem Steel Wire Company, steel wire, etc., 350; Silver & Deming Manufacturing Company, pumps, feed cutters, etc., 170; Buckeye Mills, 4; S. L. Shanks & Company, steam boilers, 17; Buckeye Engine Company, engines, etc., 181 ; Salem Plow Company, 12; M. L. Edwards Manufacturing Company, butchers' and blacksmiths' tools, 15; Stanley & Company, flour, etc., 6; Carl Barckhoff, church organs, 35." It will be seen by a comparison of these statistics with those given of Salem industries of 1905, in this and other chapters, that there had been a substantial growth of business in 18 years.

Modern Salem

In 1905 Salem, with a population of 9,000 in round numbers (in 1900 it was 7,582, and in 1890, 5,780, according to the census of those years), was one of the most beautiful residence cities in Eastern Ohio; with more miles of well -paved and shaded streets than any other city in the county, handsome schoolhouses and comfortable, plain though neat church buildings, extensive and excellent stores, and a diversity of prosperous manufactories equaled by but few cities in the State. Most of the latter have been referred to in the chapters in this work on manufactories and mills, while some reference to the more important of those not there mentioned will follow:

The Grove Company, manufacturers of chewing gum, organized in 1890 and built a fine three-story factory building on Broadway. In 1905 the company was employing 125 people. S. Grove. Jr., was president: P. L. Grove, vice-president, and E. G. Grove, secretary and treasurer.

J. B. McNab embarked in the fruit ning business in 1875, and added the manufacture of artificial ice in 1891. He was employing from 12 to 15 men in 1905.

The Salem Lumber Company was established in 1900. In 1905 the company was employing 20 men. W. D. King, president; F. L. Stewart, secretary. .

Wetzel, Leiner & Company had been in the lumber and planing-mill business a number of years, when, in 1904, they were burned out. They were succeeded by the People's Lumber Company, with \V. W. Henry, as president; D. A. Wilhelm, secretary and treasurer, and James Wetzel, general manager. The company in 1905 employed 18 men.

In the early '8o's Carl Barckhoff established a church organ factor)' in Salem, which at one time in its history employed 30 or 35 men. About 1896 Barckhoff went out of business. The Wirsching Church Organ Company was established in 1887. with the following officers : Charles C. Snyder, president ; Philip Wirsching, vice-president and general manager ; Warren W. Hole, secretary and Sheldon Park, treasurer. Mr. Wirsching had been employed for some years at organ building in Wurzburg. Bavaria, and other European countries. After the company had operated about 10 years, Mr. Wirsching succeeded to the business and continued until 1904, when his factory was destroyed by tire. A stock company was organized, which was incorporated February 6, 1905, with a capital stock of $30,000. The company erected new buildings, and early in the summer of 1905 was again operating, giving employment at the outstart to 25 men. The company builds church ami chamber pipe organs of a high grade, and was in the summer of 1905 engaged in building some large and expensive instruments, with the most modern appliances. The officers of the company were: William L. Deming, president; Philip Wirsching, vice-president atid superintendent, and W. W. M til ford, secretary and treasurer.

commenced business in 1846, with a capital of $100,000 and 103 stockholders. Simeon Jennings was the first president; he was succeeded by J. J. Brooks, and the latter, in turn, by his son, J. Twing Brooks, in 1862. In 1855 when the Farmers' Bank was a branch of the State Bank of Ohio, the report shows a return valuation, for purposes of taxation, on notes and bills discounted, moneys and other taxable property, $348,224; penalty added by auditor, $174,112; total taxable valuation, $522,336; and tl\e entire taxes assessed thereon, $6,999.30 This was the year following the one in which the treasurer and sheriff of the county visited this bank to demand the payment of taxes assessed under a law afterward set aside as unconstitutional and finally repealed. The demand being refused by the cashier, the county officers used a crowbar to unlock the safe; failing to find any money in it, they made a search and found some bags of coin in a flue from which they secured the amount of taxes. This resulted in a suit which culminated in favor of the officers of the bank. In 1865 the Farmers' Bank was reorganized as a national kmk, with J. Twing Brooks as president and R. V. Hampson as cashier. Mr. Hampson had entered the Farmers' Bank in 1855 as teller, Ixrcamc cashier in 1858, and upon the death of Mr. Brooks, in 1901, succeeded the latter as president of the Farmers' National Bank. The officers in 1905 were: R. V. Hampson, president ; YV. B. Carey, cashier. The statement of the bank May 29, 1905, showed the condition of the bank to be: Capital stock, $200,000; surplus fund. $40,000; total resources. $624,- 595. The directors were: R. V. Hampson, 1-. l\. Gilbert, M. L. Young, J. R. Carey and YV. F. Iteming.

The First National Bank was organized and commenced business in 1862. The first president was Alexander Pow ; the first cashier Henry |. Stauffer. At Mr. Tow's death in 1879, Furman Gee was elected president and served until his death January 2. 1901, when Richard Pow succeeded him. Richard Pow lias l«cn cashier of the bank continuously from 1S70 to 1901. and when he succeeded to the presidency, his son, Frederic R. Pow, became cashier. In 1905 - at the close of business May 29th - the condition of the bank was shown to be: Capital stock, $100,000; surplus and undivided profits, $75,000; total resources, $645,800. The officers were: Richard Pow, president; J. A. Ambler, vice-president; Frederic R. Pow, cashier; directors - Richard Pow, J. A. Ambler, W. H. Mullins, J R. Vernon and J. M. Woodruff.

Thomas & Greiner began a private banking business in 1853; they were succeeded in 1864 by Hiram Greiner; in 1866 the firm was Greiner & Boon, and in 1871 H. Greiner & Son. In 1903 the last named firm wound up its business. The same year the Citizens' Savings Bank & Trust Company was organized and commenced business. In 1905 the new concern was in a handsome new hank building of its own. The company's statement October 3. 1904, showed: Capital stock, $50,000: undivided profits, net $4,966; total resources, $298,808. The officers in 1905 were: Joseph U. Greiner, president; L. H. Kirkbride, vicepresident; H. A. Greiner, secretary and treasurer; directors. Ira F. Brainard, J. C. Boone, YV. J. Clark, Joseph O. Greiner, I.. H. Kirkbride, F. \V. Silver and H. A. Greiner.

Hanna & Kridler, since 1890. in connection with their real estate transactions, hail been doing a savings and loan business. They were a branch of the Indemnity Savings & Loan Company of Cleveland. They reported an annual local business in 1904 and 1905 of from $1 50,000 to $200,000.

The Ohio Mutual Insurance Company was incorporated in 1870. with a capital of $20,000, and commenced business in 1871. The first officers were: Mariu< R. Robinson, president; Fli Sturgeon, treasurer; J. R. Vernon, secretary. The company was reorganized in 1876. Its line of business is tire insurance only, and it operates wholly in Ohio. According to its statement of January i, 1905. its total cash assets were $56,908.92 ; cash surplus, $56,- 447.68; total assets, including premium notes. I $856,648.92. Its officers ami directors for | 1905 were: J. K. Vernon (president and manager), J. M. Woodruff (vice-president), J. Ambler (secretary). Richard 1W 1 treasurer), Hun. Henry Hohl, Columbus, U. Bachelder, Galion, C. C. Snyder and I.. H. Brush.

Early Meeting Houses In 5Ai.Em And Perry

For 15 years or more alter the lirst settlement of what was to be Salem and Perry township, the early settlers lieing chiefly members of the Society of Friends, there was no other form of public worship than theirs. The first Friends' Meeting House, a log building, as has already l>een stated was erected in 1807. A Quarterly Meeting was then formed and made a branch of the Baltimore Yearly Meeting. In 1808 the first brick meeting house was built. In 18.28 the Society of Friends became divided into two factions. The "Orthodox" party held the meeting house and property on Main street. The "Hicksitcs." the other taction, held the less valuable property, with a small house on Green street. In 1X45 the large frame house on Kllsworth avenue, w hich the Ilicksite Friends still used in 1905, was built, and in that year the Yearly Meeting was first held here. Since that time it has been held alternate years here and in Mount Pleasant. Jefferson County. In the summer of 1905 it was held in Salem, in the old meeting house built in 1845. "In 1845," says Hunt's history of Salem, "another division occurred in the Society of Friends. Some years lictore. Joseph John Ciurney. an Hnglish Friend, came over and went through most of the American meetings, and preached in a manner that set the people thinking. Many believed that he preached the truth, and there were many that regarded him as getting away from the , Friends' standards. One John Wilbur, an American Friend. op|Nised him. This led to a ; division: and for a distinction, the parties got j the names of 'Gurneyites' and 'Wilburites.' But they lioth ignore the names as applied to their respective parties. By a compromise, during about 18 years, both parties held their meetings at different hours on Sabbath days, and midweek meetings on different days, in the Dry street house. Then the Wilbur Friends built a commodious meeting house on Fast Sixth street in 1872. During many years the Friends had more influence in Salem than all the other denominations combined. During late years other denominations have increased in numbers and gained influence. The Friends diminished, and much of their former influence is gone from them. Lately the Gurney party have taken to them the name of the Friends' 'Church.' The body here has done much to sustain service and gain converts. In this capacity Willis Hotchkiss, Joseph Peele, Edgar Ellyson and Fred J. Cope have labored with manifest results." In 1905 Mrs. Elizabeth Ward was pastor of this (the Dry street) church or, as they arc sometimes yet styled, the Gumey branch. Neither the Ellsworth avenue (the Ilicksite) nor the East Sixth street (Wilbur ) meetings had a local pastor. These branches have ministers connected with their annual and quarterly meetings, but not settled pastors over their local meetings.

Methodist Episcopal Church of Salem. - In 1821 a class of nine persons was formed in Salem, consisting of Thomas Kelly and wife, John Flitcraft, Fdvvard Rynear and wife. Thomas Webb and wife. David Hum and James W. Leach. The services were held mostly at the house of Thomas Kelly, who was leader. In 1821 Samuel Brockonier, of the Beaver circuit, preached at Salem. The circuit was afterward changed to New Lisbon, then to Hanover. Lima and Salem, respectively. In 1852. petition being jnade to the conference. Salem was made a separate station, with Rev. J. W. Xessley as first pastor. In 1823 they built their first log house of worship, which was succeeded by a larger one in 1837, which they used until 1850. when they disposed of this to the Disciples, and built the brick edifice on Broadway still in use in 1905. Some of the early |>astors were: Revs. Samuel

The Presbyterian Church of Salem was organized in 1 83 j. Rev. Clement Vallandigham and other members of the Presbytery of New Lisbon had preached in Salem at long intervals for a number of years prev ious. On Novemlier 3. 1832. Rev-. Mr. Vallandigham. by appointment of the presbytery, presided at a meeting designated for organization. Twenty persons were then received on certificate as follows: Hugh Stewart, Ruel Wright, George Hhrich, N. McCracken. John Martin. James Wilson. Terah Jones, John Wilson. William Martin. Hugh Martin, Agnes Stewart, Agnes Wilson. Mary Ehrich. Elizabeth McCracken, Martha T. Martin, Rebecca P. Campbell, Martha Wilson. Jane Martin, Elizabeth W right. William Martin. James Wilson, Nathaniel McCracken and Hugh Stewart were chosen elders. The society first worshi|>ed in a wagon shop 011 Main street. The fust house of worship was built in 1842. which. 18 years later, was sold and removed to Race street, where it was used for many years as a dwelling house. The first year after this house was built it was unplastered and plank and slab scats were used. In 1860-61 the house on East Green street, still used by the congregation, was built at a cost of about Sio.ooo. Rev. Clement Vallandigham was pastor until the year of his death, 1839. He was succeeded by Rev. William Mc- Combs, who remained until 1852. Other [>astors of the church 111 their order have l>cen : Revs. J. S. Grimes. A. E. Maxwell. H. B. Fry.

Wr. D, Sexton. DeCosta Pomerene. B. F. Boyle, W. F. McCauley (stated supply) and W. L. Swan, who was installed in March. 1903. and was still the pastor in 1905. The following persons composed the session of the church in 1905: Hiram Taylor. Mason Beaumont. C. W. Harris. G. A. Baverd. George Cooper, K. T. Cope. B. F. Stanton and W. S. Arbaugh. The mcml>ership of the church mumbered in 1905 a little over 5<x).

The Inrginning from which ensued the organization of a Baptist Church in Salem was the recording of a deed from John Stranghan and his wife Mary, dated November 10, 1809. conveying lots 55 and 56 on the corner of what were afterwards Depot and Race streets, in Salem, for the sum of $14, to David Gaskelr, Sr., Joseph Willets and Joseph White, as trustees of the regular Baptist Church. As nearly as can be ascertained the early members were : David Gaskill, Sr. and wife. Jacob Gaskell, Mr. Ogle, Joseph Wright and wife, John Spencer and wife. Clarissa McConner and Mary Stranghan. A small log church was built on the property. In i8jo a small brick house was built on the same lots. On November 23rd an organization was effected with 40 members, and November 6, 1824, a church constitution was adopted. Thomas Miller was the first regular pastor, and was succeeded by Revs. Jehu Brown, David Rigdon. Rogers, Freeman. Williams. Blake. Matthias, Suman, Phillips, Stone. Morris. Green. Justus, Ask, Thomas P. C hild. B. F. Bovven. T. J. Limb, lohn Hawker, P. I. Ward. A. S. Moore. C. II. Pendleton. G. W. Rigler. R. K Eccles. C. W. Fletcher, A. B. Whitney. Ross Matthews and Herman l-ang - Mr. Lang Iwing pastor in 1905.

The frame building afterward known as the "Broad Gauge Church"' was erected iu 1836. At a meeting held February 2, 1867. it was resolved that all books, papers and property !>c turned over to a new Baptist Church, which was organized February 12, 1867. Forty-two members then joined the Baptist Church uf Salem, and the old church disbanded.

dissensions in tlic First Church over the questions of slavery and temperance. December u. 1840. the trustee's purchased, from the Methodists, a house on Green street. The pastors of this society were: Revs. Morris, Willard, Green and Kirk. The church disbanded in 1867, in order to unite with the members of the First Church in forming the "Baptist Church of Salem," as already related. Forty-two. members from the First and 17 from the Second joined in this reunion movement. In 1809 the large and well-app.iutcd edifice at the corner of Main street and Lincoln avenue was built at a cost of about Sio.ckx).

In 19:10 the Bethany Baptist Church of Salem was organized by a taction of the membership, which had withdrawn from the regular Baptist Church. Services were held in the Gun ley Block for almost three years, w hen a frame building on Ohio avenue was bought and transformed into a house of worship. Rev. James Lister was pastor.

The first Fpiscopal church service held in Salem was on April 10. 1817, in a log schoolhouse, which sttMxl on Main street near the site of the City Hall. It was conducted by Rev. Philander Chase. Transient services were held at long intervals until 1859. when, on March 14th of that year, the Church of Our Saviour was organized. A vestry was elected, consisting of Thomas Read. S. W. Whitnev. S. I). Hawley. Allan Boyle, F. Smith and Robert and F. Turner. Rev, Mr. Ilollis was the first rector; his successors have been : Revs. H.* II. Morrell. A. T. McMurphv. F.phraim Watt. C. L. Tinder. F. F. McMatms. F. L. Wells, Guthrie Pitbiado and 1 in 1904-05) O. A. Simpson. A school building and then rooms in a business block were occupied by the congregation until 18X9. when the handsome stone edifice on McKinley avenue was completed. The vestrymen in 1905 were: C, T. Steiner. senior warden; Robert Curtis, junior warden: F. J. Mullins, William L. Demitig. Lewis nrereton. L. F. ( alien ami Claude Taylor. The membership of the church was 120.

William Sehoolcy. Amos Allerton, Walter I Scott, John Henry, J. J. Moss, T. J, Xcwcniih and others. The building which occupied a site in the rear of the church edifice afterward built on FILworth avenue, and owned by the Methodist Fpiscopal congregation, was purchased from the Methodists and occupied until the new church was built and dedicated in 1881. This building cost originally alxuit Si 3.000, and in 1893 it was enlarged and improved at a cost of $7,000. The pastors since 1X59 have l>een : Revs. Theobald Miller. Sterling MelJride. S. B. Teegarden, J. W. Lamphear, F. B. Cake. J. H. Jones, \V. II. Spindler, H. Cogswell, T. J. Lyle, J. L. Darsie. J. A. Hopkins. T. F. Cramblelt, M. J. (liable. K. C. Sargent and Walter B. Mansell. The last named, after a pastorate of five and a half 1 years, resigned. Septemlter 1. 1905, to accept a call to Columbus. Ohio, whither he went early in Octolnrr of that year. The membership of the church at that time was alxait 450. The elders were: M. F. Farr. J. T. Smith, John \ P< >w and II. R. Kale.

Alx)iit 1855 a Catholic mission was established in Salem, afid occasional services held until 1X08, when Rev. F. W. J. Lindesmith. who then had charge of the churches of that denomination at Alliance and l.cetonia, took pastoral charge here also. He held services once a month in the houses of parishioners and four times a year in the Town Hall. This arrangement continued until 1880. Rev, C. T richer became resident pastor that year, and Xiv vember 28. 18X0. the church on McKinley avenue was dedicated. Father Trielier was sue- ; ceeded by Rev. S. Finiean, and he in turn by I Revs. F. Seiiuer. G. C. Schoeneman, Colon ; and John T. Moran. the last named entering the Salem work February 11. 1905. Connected with the parish at that tune were 68 Catholic ami mixed families. In 1901 a parsonage was 1 built adjoining the church, and in 1904 a fine j parochial school building, costing $12,000. ad- ] joining the parsonage <»n the west.

The first T.\ angelical Lutheran Church in 1 Salem was organized January 9, 1878. with 40 members. Rev. Wiiliam B. Roller was the first pastor. The organization held together tor some years, but did not prove permanent. The Emanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized in 1895, and in 1897 the church building on South Lundy street was erected, and dedicated January 16, 1898. The church in 1905 had a membership of about 75.

L'uitv C hurch of Salem was organized in the autumn of 1900 by Charles E. St. John, secretary of the American Unitarian Association, and Rev. George N. Young, of Massachusetts, who was pastor of the church for a short time. Rev. C. S. S. Dutton became pastor of the church February 1, 1902, and in 1905 continued in that capacity. The services were held in the Pioneer Block.

The Church of Christ (Scientist) of Salem was organized February 3. 1902. The first services of the society had been held July I. 1899, at the home of Mrs. Ellen I). Meyerhoc fer. on Lincoln avenue. In October, 1K99, rooms were secured in the Pioneer Block, where services were still held in 1905. A reading room was maintained, as is the rule in all Christian Scientist churches. Mrs. Ellen I). Meyerhoct'er continued to serve as reader. The mem- IktsIup had been from 10 to 14.

A small congregation of the Church of God denomination organized and erected a house of worship in ]88S on West Main street, near the city limits, For several years up to 1905 the congregation had services with an approach to regularity. Rev. P. Neil was pastor in 1905.

The A. M. K. Zion congregation organized in the '60s and in 1870 built a comfortable house of worship at the corner of Howard and East High streets. In a few years a separation occurred, and the Bethel A. M. E. Church was built farther cast on High street. Each of these societies had a memlicrship of about 50, and each gave support to a minister part time.

Sa1.Ems Schools

The first school in Salem was opened about 1X04. The teachers from that date to 1810 were Hannah Fisher and Judith Townsend. A log school house was built in 1810. where Joseph Shrcve and James Tolerton taught from [810 to 1 8 1 ft. Shreve taught again from

1822 to 1833. The Friends erected a brick schoolhouse at the corner of Broadway and Drystreet in 1X28, which for those days, secured a large patronage. Provision was made for the early schools by the parents and guardians subscribing to an article of agreement by which each suljscriber agreed to send and pay for the tuition of one of more pupils. Back in the '40s Reuben Millan. Jesse Markham and Lewis T. Park were successful teachers. In 1854 Alfred Holbrook was made the first superintendent. In 1N61 H. H. Barnaby succeeded to the position. In 1863 William D. Henkle l>egnn a j>criod of service which lasted for 1 1 years except two years of a lapse, during his term as State school commissioner. Both Professors Barnaby and Henkle served as State school commissioner. The superintendents succeeding Professor Henkle have been William S. Wood, Myron E. Hard, W. P. Burris and Jesse S. Johnson, the latter of whom (00k charge of the Salem schools in 1900, and was continuing a very successful period of service in 1905. The Fourth Street school building is among the finest in the State. It was dedicated in 1807. i Besides this, there were three other buildings, 1 all comparatively new, namely: McKinley ; Avenue, Columbia Street and Pros|>ect Street, j hi 1905 the schools of Salem were in a very prosperous condition. In the four buildings there were 35 rooms, ami the corps of teachers employed, including tiie superintendent, the supervisor of music and the supervisor of writing and drawing, numbered 37. The school enumeration of the city in the spring of 1905 was 2.006 and the school enrollment 1,523, which was about icx> less than it had been a year earlier, that amount representing in round numbers those pupils who left the public schools for the parochial school which was opened that year. In the school year of 1904-05 the parochial school in its two rooms - three grades - had 147 pupils, under the care of three teachers.

Tiif. Sai.Km Carnegie Library

mic, which was the gift of Andrew Carnegie, than heeause of the public spirit and devotion of a lew women and men of Salem, which culminated in the establishment and maintenance for many years of a library for the benefit of Salem people. The idea originated back in 1895. when 40 men and women of Salem met statedly as the "Monday Night Club" for selfimprovement. The need of books of reference was felt, ami a movement started to secure the nucleus of a library. A stock company was organized and a charter secured. Shares were placed at $-25 each, and in a short time $1,700 was raised. The plan was to exjkmhI all the money thus secured for lxjoks, interested persons giving their services to the cause of establishing and perpetuating the work. At the outset about 1.200 volumes were Ixmght at a cost of $i,joo. A room was secured at a rental of $5 a month, in the Gurney Block, the furnishings of which were donated. In a year or two this room became too small and a larger one in the same building was rented. Then, in 1K90, the library was removed to the rooms in the Pioneer Block, which were occupied until the removal into its permanent home in August. 1905.

Under the original plan the suhscriliers to the stock were to enjoy the advantages of the library perpetually without the payment of further mcml>crslnp tees, while other patrons were to p:u each an annual fee of $2. The limited numl>er of memliersliip fees, small annnitus from tines and a few cash donations (one anonymous friend contributing S100 annually for three years 1 covered the actual. running expenses. The ladies who were back of and actively supporting the movement alternated 111 giving attention to the library when it was open to patrons and the public, which was at the first but one day. and later two days a week. In iScjS it was made a free public library and advantage was taken of the State law which, upon proper application to the county auditor, imposed a levy of from three to live tenths of a mill for the supput of a public library. The maximum levy was made, and from this source front Si, 000 to $1,200 a year was obtained, which up v>

I 1905 hail been the only fixed source of revj enue, aside from that already mentioned. In 1SS9 the rooms in the Pioneer Block were sel cured and the number of lxioks had increased i from 1.200 in the tirst year of the existence of the library, to 6.500 at the time of removal I into the new building in 1905, The circula- - tion during the preceding year had aggrcgat- 1 eil 35,000. Sixty per cent of the books read ; were fiction, against 40 non-fiction. The per- ; sonnel of the original board of directors was: Walter K. Deming (president), Mrs. C. Carey (vice-president). Elizabeth Brooks (secretary), Alice McMillan (treasurer). Prof. G. C. S. Southworth, Josephine Taylor and F. J. Mullins. The Iward in 1905 was constituted as follows: F. J. Mullins (president), \V. \\ . Hole (vice-president), Mrs. Elizabeth Emeny (secretary). W. B. Carey (treasurer). Dr. T. T. Church, Mrs. \Y. L. Deming and Dr. James Anderson.

In February. 1903, application was made to Andrew Carnegie for a library building. He [ readily responded with a tender of $17,500, 1 which was later increased to $20,000. The < site on McKinlev avenue near Lincoln avenue j was purchased, the deed being dated June 19. ! 1903. A building committee, consisting of \Y. B. Carey and T. T. Church, was chosen, plans adopted, and the work of building commenced in the spring of 1904. The structure was completed, occupied and ready for dedication in August, 1905. On August 31st the library was dcdic.Hed, Rev. S. F. Scovel, D. oi' the University of Wooster. making the address. The building is 45 by 70 feet in dimensions, full story and high basement, the I architectural design being pure colonial. The I walls are of pressed brick, with terra-cotta , trimmings, the portico being supported by : marble columns. The inside finish is of weathi ered oak, and the furniture and appliances are I all in harmony with the general design, while j the idea of comfort and convenience has always been kept prominently in view. The j grounds. 176 u.tt fronting on McKinlev ave- ! nue, and running back 247 feet, amply shaded ; by large elm trees, have an easy grade, and . furnish a harmonious setting for the hand- some though modest building which occupies their center. Altogether the library is a legacy which Salem j)coplc will long appreciate and enjoy.

Salkm Cemeteries

The rirst burying ground established by the Friends about 1805, was abandoned in 1817 or 181X. About 1818 a lot of about two acres on De|*>t street was bought oi John Straughan. which property was used as a burial place more or less for 60 or 70 years, and which, in 1905. while for many years it had had no interments, was in a very neglected state. lj)ts 55 and 56, on De[x>t street, deeded in 1809 to the trustees of the Baptist Church for a site for a house of worship anil buryingground, were also in a neglected condition, having been out of use for a number of years. A plat of ground on Howard street containing at* >m an acre and a half was purchased by the Methodists and used as a burying ground from 1830 to i8i>o, and had not lxren entirely abandoned in 1905, although the remains in many cases have l>een removed to Hope Cemetery.

Hope Cemetery, as it was in 1905. was the result of a consolidation of what had l>een originally the Presbyterian Cemetery (started in 1833), Salem Cemetery (laid out in 1853), and a rive-acre addition made in 1864 by Jacob Hcaton. in all amounting to nearly nine acres. This had for 60 or 70 years supplied the principal ground in winch the Salem people and those for some distar.ee about the city had been burying their dead. This cemetery had. by the opening years of the new century, fallen somewhat into neglect. But in the early part of 1905 a movement was set on foot through which a fund was raised for the purpose of improving and beautifying the grounds, ami a better state of affairs was promised for the future.

In 1900 the Salem Cemetery Association was organized under the Ohio statutes, a charter obtained and trustees and ofiiccrs elected, who set about looking for a site upon which to open a modem cemetery The old

Beeson farm (later Ruth's) was found to be the most desirable, and a tract comprising about 30 acres was purchased, which proved an ideal site. Grandview Cemetery was laid off and opened in 1901, and by 1905 wonderful progress had l>een made in the way of landscape engineering, in the growth of trees, I shrublicrv and lawns, until, what with the costly vaults and beautiful monuments already 1 eing erected. Grandview gave promise of I*- ing unsurpassed by any city of the dead in this J section of the State.

Township 15, of range 3, in the original 1 survey of Columbiana County, is known as Salem township. It is the center township of ! the northern tier of townships in the county. It originally contained 30 full sections, but lost four of them at the time of the erection of Perry township. The surface of the land is of a gently rolling character and the soil is fertile and well adapted to fruit growing and general agricultural purposes. In 1905 it had not been entirely denuded of its forest trees, of which originally there was an abundant supply. The township is well drained by the head waters, in two branches, of Beaver Creek.

Peter Miller seems to have been the earliest settler. In 1803 he located on section 1 John Blair. J. Gongware and Fred Bclger occupied eeetion 2 altout the same time. Jesse Holloway settled on section 9 near the same j>eriod. Shearer later sold a portion of his tract to John Hilliard and John Rakcstraw. Urban Bet/, with his five sons settled on section 11. which later furnished the town site of l-eetonia. David Ilardman and Christian Meese occupied section 12 in 1803, while section 13 was settled by the Anglemeyers. the Zimmertnans and Joseph I.ongnecker. Henry Dixon early located on section 14. and Samuel Reeves on section 15. taking up also section Section 10 was held for school purposes. Section I" was settled upon by William Furl, William Shinn, and Abram Webb in 1809. Nathan llaw!ey purchasing the southeastern quarter in 1816. Benjamin Gaunt early occupied section 19. Hugh

Stewart, William Crane and Robert Phillips locating on section 20. C. Long, C. Dennett and M. Mothinger were also pioneers, locating on parts of sections 20 and 21. Henry Dixon settled on section 23 in 1X09, and John, Henry and Flizalxrth Hoke about the same time occupied section 24. (»en. Rezin Beall early occupied section 26, afterward selling to Henry Halvcrstadt. Jacob Kams, William Groncr and Daniel Keck settled on section 27. and Garrett Hart and Samuel Shelton on section 28. Nathan McCracken purchased a jKirt of this section in 1812. In 1804 C. K. Betz settled on section 29 and Preston Peck on section 30. James Yates subsequently acquired the west half of the latter section. William Trecgarden, James Blacklcdge and Uriah White settled on section 31, and Levi Blackledge and Mahlon Krvin on section 32. In 1803 Bazaelcel Wells of Stubcnville entered section 33. three years later selling it to Abram Arter, George Butz. Andrew Brinkcr and Conrad Worruer. Section 34 was settled by M. Stewart, John Brinkcr, ] Jantel Burger and Henry Wormer, (ieorge and Andrew Simon and Jonathan Lodge were early settlers on sections 35 an<l 36. Lidge brought with him a wife and nine children.

The village of Leetonia is in the northeastern part of Salemn township, and was named after William Lee, of Randolph. New York, one of the incorporators of the Leetonia Coal & Iron Comjwnv, by which company it was laid out in [886-87. 'l 's situated on the Pittsburg. Ft. Wayne & Chicago Division of the Pennsylvania lines, where it intersects the Nilcs and Lisbon branch of the F.rie System. The first hotel was opened in 1866. in an old brick farm house. *"-\ later known as the "Leetonia House.'' This place had been previously known as the farm of David Ilardman. This farm house and one owned by Mr. Anglemyer were the only buildings 111 Leetonia prior to the erection of the railroad station building in 1865. On petition of 110 voters to the commissioners of the county, May i8<k). praying for the incor|x>ration of a village to be called "Leetonia.'' the commissioners - Samuel Burger, Uriah Thomas and Andrew Armstrong - passed the necessary order for incorporation and for an election to be held August 23. 1809, for mayor, recorder and live trustees. A. F. Hill was chosen mayor; M. F. Taggart, recorder; F. Fillnagle. treasurer; and J. G. Chamberlain, Samuel C. Mcllinger, W. S. Church. H. F. Christy and J. M . Mow rv, trustees. An addition was made to the corporation south of State street in 1872. The postortice was established in i88<». before the village was laid out. with J. G. Chaml>erlain as |>ostmaster.

The first school house was built in 1870, Allen Smith being the first principal. The building was a frame. 20 by 36 feet in dimcn- | sions. and cost S800. In 1872 a large new school building was completed, which with site, cost nearly $35.<xx). It was declared in 1905 that there was no better building than this in the State, considering its cost of construction and age. It has 12 rooms. A good four-room building was erected in 1901. The school enumeration in 1905 was 480. Prof. J. W. Moore, who had been superintendent for 14 years, was entering upon another threeyear term.

In 1905 the population of Leetonia was estimated at 3.200. The business prospects of the town had greatly improved under the imj pet us of the improved conditions of the iron

I-ectonia's first regular banking institution, ] the Leetonia Banking Company, went under 1 in 1876. when the town received a financial and commercial shaking up, from which it had only fairly recovered in the early years of the new century. In 1905 the First National bank was doing a fine business. Its capital stock was $100,000. The officers were: C. N. Schmick. president; William Floding, vicepresident; and \V. II. Sclnnick, cashier.

The People's & Loan Association Company had been in operation aljout, 10 years, and was in a very prosperous condition. The officers were: H. R. Garlock, president; C. K. Greenamyer, secretary; and David Rankin, treasurer.

The Presbyterian Church of Leetonia was organized July 19. 1807, with the following members: Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Ball. Mr. and Mrs. John McMillan, Mr. and Mrs. David Betz, Lydia Stetson, Eleanor Heard, John Reeves and Mary E 1'orter. The pulpit was supplied from February 15, 1807. until N'ovcmlier 1, 1868, by Rev. John Gilmore. Rev. I. G. Hall was installed pastor June 15. 1869. lie remained until November 1. 1S70. when Rev. A. B. Maxwell accepted a call and was installed Decerning 17, 1871. On the same date the first church edifice built by this congregation was dedicated. The house was burned about 1900. and a substantial brick structure took its place the following year. In 1905 the church had a membership of 1 79. Rev. A. D. Collins was pastor. The elders were: J. W. Carver. C. D. Dickenson, J. A. Grcenamyer. William Wtx>dward, I.. D. Rover and W. F. Corll.

Aljout i WW) a class of adherents of the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized at Ixctouia. of which Samuel Keene was the leader. Public services were soon after held in the public hall and a church society was organized. In the early '70s the society purchased the house which had l»een occupied by a society of the Cnited Presbyterian Church. The early pastors of the congregation were: Revs. Jackson, Ross. Long, Coyle. Chamherlain and Crousc. The |>astor in 1905 was Rev. J. A. Rutledge. The membership was near

'l 50- In 1 8"- the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ijeetonia was organized. During 1873 a frame church building was erected and dedicated. In 1905 Rev. Thomas Reisch was pastor of the church, which had a membership of over 100.

St. John's German Lutheran Gmrch was organized in 1870. and built a frame house of worship valued at $_>,5<x>. Rev. J. H. Graf was |>astor of the church in 1905.

The Leetonia Roman Catholic Church was organized in 1866, and very soon was a flourishing society. In 1808, in the time of Rev. K. \V. J. Lindesmith, a neat frame house of worship was built, and soon afterward a parsonage was acquired. At the time Father Lindesmith became pastor, there were but 26 families; in 1879 the number had increased to 200, families. In 1905 the society was still a flourishing organization. Rev. D. B. Kirby being in charge. They had built a large brick church, with parochiai school building.

The society of Mennonites had a brick meeting house in the eastern suburbs of Ixetouia. where a small congregation gathered tor public worship.

W'ashingtonville is situated partly in Salem township and partly in Green township, Mahoning County. It was laid out in 1832. The first hotel was opened by Michael Frederick in iXxV 'n '9°5 '* 'la<l a population of aljout 800 and a numlter of good stores and smalt industries. The first Methodist meeting was held in the dwelling house of Philip 1 loutz, in 1X44. Rev. John M. Murray was the first pastor. The congregation grew ami by 1873 were worshiping in their second house of worship. The membership in 1905 was nearly 100 and they had a flourishing Sundayschool. For many years Hart's church and those of Washington ville ami Franklin Square were united in one pastoral charge. In 1905 Jolmathan Lorry-bottom was mayor and Richard Wilkinson, clerk of W'ashingtonville.

liest conducted a tannery in the early days. The first store was kept by Henry Dixon. The first ix>stortice was established in 1844. The village has always been well supplied with small stores, and front time to time small industries have nourished. The Franklin Square Methodist Church was organized in 1828. The last house of worship built by the congregation was erected in 187.2.

In 1830 Robert Phillips donated land in section 22 on which a Disciples Church was built. In 1850, the original building was replaced by a new one. Rev. Mr. VanVorhis was the first minister. The Disciples Church in the town of Salem was an outgrowth of the Phillips church.

The Highland C hristian 'organization, on section 33. which occurred in i860, was largely due to the efforts of Rev. William Tecgarden. Joel Johnson donated an acre of land, and Rev. D. B. Hyde organized the church.

In 1812 the Lutherans and Reformed Lutherans united in the erection of a log church building. Thirteen years later a larger house was built, and this was remodeled in 1807.

Prior to 1840 a Reformed Lutheran society had Ijcch organized which, in that year, erected a frame house of worship on the southeast quarter of section 34. The first pastor was Rev. Peter Monosmitli. who was succeeded by Revs. John Keller, Henry Sonedecker. K. V. Foeght. Henry Hess, Aaron W arner. S. X. King, (i. X. Allright and others.

About i8_<4 (iarrett Hart, who had then lived for some vears on section 31. in Salem township, took the initiative in the organization of a class of people who were inclined toward Methodism. In ]8jn a log church was built on the ground on which was afterwards (in iK66> erected what has since lieen known as Hart's church. In 1905 and for many years previous it had been in the same charge as Washin^tonvitlc and Franklin Square.

I face in the north is comparatively level, but I the southern portion is broken up into hills j and valleys. Coal and fire-clay alrmnd in portions of the township. The township is excellently drained by streams of water which in the early days furnished good power for the "mills of the pioneers," which are mentioned in another chapter. Adam Rupert, a soldier of the Revolution ; Michael Baker, Rolxrrt Simison. David McCalla and Richard I Dildine were among those who settled in the , township in 1800-02. Conrad and Matthias ; Yarian settled early on sections 7 and 8. Rich- ! ard Beeson, John Sands. Aaron and Isaac \ Chamberlain. James Armstrong, John Ben- ' nett, Stephen Ogden, Benjamin Reeves and 1 Joseph Taylor all settled in the township , aljout 1806. Jacob (ireenamver and sons and j William Uarrah settled on sections 1 and ' in 1803. The Blackburn brothers, four in num- ! ber, and James Karly settled on section 3. and : Henry Forney's six sons settled on section to, also in 1803. Frederick Sheets with six sons and two daughters took up section 23 in 1802. Isaac Karly on section 15 and Charles Long 011 section 13 entered in 1803, while Peter Kvster located on section 11 about the same time, as also did John Taggart upon section 25. The Boatman. Crum. Martin, Kees. Cress, Mendenhall, Justison and Hatcher families came l)Ctween 1805 and 1X10.

The township of Unity was organized in 1805. The villages platted and established subsequently, and the only ones in the township up to 1905. were Hast Palestine. New Waterford and Unity.

The first plat of what afterward was known as the village of Fast Palestine was probably made by Thomas McCalla and William (irate, in 1S28.

Within the easy memory of many residents of Fast Pale-tine in 1005, this section of the township, upon which the town was located, was a large Imdy of rich farming land, comprising 040 acres, which had been entered by John Taggart. The home of R. F. Taggart, east of the present town, is in the original part of liast Palestine, as is another portion of the homestead to the west. The original name selected lor the growing hamlet was Mechanicslmrg. hut the wife of Dr. Robert Chamberlin desired a more euphonious appellation and desired it called "Palestine,'' the quiet beauty of the little town, and the earnest, virtuous, simple life of its people suggesting to her a name recalling holy memories. On account of there l)eing already a Palestine in Ohio, the government, in granting a (>ostoffice. gave the prefix "'East'* and East Palestine was the name adopted.

After settling permanently in Ohio, Dr. Robert Chamberlin served several years as surveyor of Columbiana County, and he was also the surveyor for the Ohio & Pennsylvania Railroad, which culminated in the Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & Chicago line, from the Ohio River to Salem. Dr. Edmunson, living several miles away, furnished medical treatment for the early settlers, but Dr. Chamljerlin was the first resident physician. In addition to an extensive medical practice, which extended over a period of 30 years, Dr. Chamberlin established one of the first stores, and the only one of importance for many years ; and when the Legislature changed the name of the little hamlet to Mast Palestine, and the government established a post office, he was chosen postmaster. He laid out one of the early additions to the town. and. in fact, for many years was intimately associated with all its leading business interests.

The first budding in the town is said to have been put up in 1X28 by William Crate, which near the close of the century was still standing and occupied by L. A. Paxsmi. It was a log structure, and in it were sold the first goods in the place, by Edward Allender. some time lx-fore 1X31. The trade established by Dr. Robert Chamberlin. as heretofore mentioned, was continued up to t lie Inrginning of the new century, in the later years the linn lseing I lnnihci'lui & Company. Among those who were aclively engaged in trade in earlier years were: John Crum, J T. P>rew<ter. H. Young and Young & Company, (ieorge l-'odit opened the first public house of the town about 1830.

Hon. James Martin, deceased, was the first Republican to l»e elected probate judge of Colubiana County. He served from 1854 to 1X59. He came to East Palestine in 1 86 1 . His farm house was located where North Market and Martin streets now intersect, the latter bej ing named in his honor. Where the l>am stood is now located a modem home. In 190* the old dwelling house was still standing at the street corner. Mrs. Martin was still living in 1005, in her 87th year. She had lived in her present home for 44 years, and here her daughter and only child, Mrs. C. P. Rothwell, was lx>rn.

The house where, in 1905. Mrs. J. W. Hum, resided, in the center of section 10, was built, at least the old portion of it, in 1804. That portion - still occupied - was built of logs, the modern portion being built of brick made on the place. The kitchen Moor is of split boards. This was originally the living room. The plastering of the house is of pure clay in its native form, taken from the ground where the house stands. The old log barn, smokehouse and spring-house were still standing in

Ensign's history says: "The most important manufacturing interest at the village was organized, some time about 1854. by a party from Philadelphia, to extract oil from the cannel coal mined in the vicinity. The furnace was superintended by Loyal Case, and the enterprise was deemed' successful until the discovery of petroleum made its longer continuance unprofitable." The grist-mills, coal mining, pottery and other clay manufactories and other leading industries of East Palestine, of earlier and later years, are treated in appropriate chapters elsewhere in this work.

The town was incorporated in 1875. The lir-t election for village officers was held April 3. 1X70, when the following were elected: Mayor. Knos Coble; clerk, Daniel A. Correll; treasurer. John J. Hushong; Council. - Charles lk-ver. Tames Morton, Joseph Young, T. H. Else'r. John Sutherin and 15. F. Sheets.

The officers in twos were: Major, \Y. J. Foley; clerk. J. W. Knaub; treasurer, Simon Boltz; city solicitor, C. 1'. Rothwcll; chief of police, \V. II. Bowen; Board of Public Affairs, - M. \V. Beyer, H. IX Sutherin and J. S. Fairly; Council, - H. Lawrence. Thomas Atchison, D. H. Mackintosh, /.. H. Irwin, S. K. Lowry, Ralph Charlcton ; Board of Health. - S. L). Stewart. James Van Fossan. Grant Repel, James Fllis. Levi Miller. Mayor \Y. J. Foley (president); School Board. - Charles Ward, H. J. Fraser. \Y. S. George. P.. F. Todd and YY. J. Fisher.

Chamlx/rlm Brothers & Company opened a private bank for business in 1X.X4. The house was still doing a hanking business in 1905. with \Y. C. ChamlxTlin, president and C. A. Lent/, cashier.

The first National Bank of Fast Palestine opened for business March 2. 1903. In 10.05 the officers were: President. W. C. Wallace; vice-president, William Johnston; cashier. I). W. McCloskey; assistant cashier. M. W. Beyer. Capital stock. $-'5,000.

The Fast Palestine Building & Loan Association organized March 30, )8<>r. with a capitalization of $icx».ixx>. which was later increased to $500,000. In 1005 its asset > were over $191,000. and its annual business about $ioo,cxx). The officers were: President. S. J. Lowry: vice-president, L. D. ( )ver!ander : secretary, I). II, Mackintosh; treasurer. \Y. J." Fisher,

The Unity Township Telejihone Company was incorporated in March, 1905, with a capital of S8.000. its headquarters l>eing Fast Palestine. President, William C. Wallace; vice-president. A. R. Campbell; secretary, and manager. William Johnston; treasurer, Fver ett F. Lyon. This coni|>any was organized with the purpose of giving farmers as well as town -people the advantages of a complete system of telephone exchange, with arrangements to connect with other systems, and long distance service. By the time the equipment was completed it was exacted 200 telephones would l>e in operation.

A military Company, first known as the "Fast Palestine Grays," was organized August 'K/.S- The first commissioned officers of the company were: Hugh Laughlin. captain; J. A. Sampsell, 1st lieutenant; and John Flowers. 2nd lieutenant. They afterwards lx!- caine Company F, Fighth Regiment. Ohio National Guard; and after keeping up the organization for abmt jo years the company disbanded, the men being honorably discharged from the State service. Company F, Fighth Regiment Ohio National Guard, was afterward organized as a new company at I 'last Liverpool, and served in the Spanish- American W ar in 1898. of which service an account is given elsewhere in this work.

A special school district was formed for Fast Palestine in 1S65. The first Board of Fducalion was. J. T. Chamherlin. president; Hugh L'lughlin, secretary; William M. Saint, treasurer. In 1875-7(1 a public school building was erected in the southern part of the village. It was a brick structure of two stories, containing six large rooms, recitation room and a lecture hall, and Cost $i4.cxv>. It was opened for school purjioscs in the fall of 1876 with A. Y. Taylor as priuci|>al. Ab>ut 1895 a four-room addition was built, and in the summer of 1905 a handsome new school building was completed at a cost of Sjj.ooo. C. F. Oliver was superintendent of schools in 1905.

Kki.Ic.Ion In Imi Y Townsiiii'

Religious meetings were held as early as iKo_> at the house of Adam Rupert, Rev. John Slough being the preacher: and at the suggestion of Rev. Mr. Stough the people of the northern part of the township united to build what was afterward known as the Salem or Union Church, to Ix used by the Lutheran and Reformed congregations. Accordingly, in 1803- 04 a log meeting house was built on the southwest corner of section to. It was displaced in 1823 by a brick church. This building was. in 1S61. taken down, and the house built, which at the Ix-ginning of the new century was still used by the Lutheran and Re formed congregations. In 1839 St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Clutrch was formed and a building erected on section 2, which afterward housed a flourishing congregation. Originally services were held wholly in (iemian, but latterly the German and the English languages were used, each almut half time.

Al»>ut 1830 Rev. Mr. Prosser began holding .Methodist meetings at the house of Joseph Taylor, and soon after regular preaching was held in the Unity School house. A small meeting bouse was built soon after in the village of Unity for the use of the society, which flourished ior a time, but in a few years the appointment was sus|>cnded by the conference. In iW»o the work was reorganized, a new building was erected and some time later the society became the joint pastoral charge with the East Palestine Methodist Episcopal Church.

Methodism was introduced into East Palestine by the memlters of the old Burt Church in Middleton township, and in 1805 meetings were held in the United Presbyterian Church at East Palestine, In a few years the interests of the Burt Church were transferred to the village, and the Methodist Episcojial society formed, and a commodious building erected, which was still in 190, the home of the society. However, in the summer of 1905. a handsome new church building was in course of erection, to be completed in the autumn of that year. The membership at that time was about 400, and Rev. George W. Orcutt was pastor.

The New Water ford Methodi st Episcopal Church was organized May to, iS^.S, in Joseph Taylor's barn, by Rev. G. I). Kmnear. In March. 1X50, a frame meeting house was built, and dedicated by the presiding elder of the district. Rev. I). P. Mitchell. This house was still occupied in 1905. The mcmlx-rship of the church was over J<x>. Rev. J. H. Wilson was pastor of the joint charge embracing New Waterford. Fairfield and KemUe.

Alxuit 1816 a Sunday-school was organized where New Waterford now stands by Richard Dildinc and John Rixis. Two Presbyterian home missionaries named Kohr and Rudibaugh secured an appointment and held services w hich were continued by others and not long after Rev. Thomas Hughes, of Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, was secured to preach to the settlers, the services being still held in the schoolhouse. In 1823 the building of a small meeting house was commenced, which was used for a year or two in an unfinished condition. Occasional services were held, but it was not until August 20. 1826, that the church was formally organized. Andrew Martin, Robert Martin, David Scott and David llanna were the first ruling elders. Mr. Dildine continued pastor until 1850. In 1873 a new church edifice was built, w hich building was still in use in 1905. The Rev. Mr. Kirkbride of Columbiana was serving this church in connection with his home charge. The meml>crship was about 200.

The Presbyterian Church of East Palesj tine was organized March 5, 1842. Joseph : Curry. Ralph Martin. R. J. Robinson and j Thomas Hamilton being chosen memliers of the first session. For some years ministerial I supplies w ere furnished by the presbytery. The I original house of worship was built almut the time of organization, and remodeled in 1875. About 1895 an entirely new building replaced the old one. In 1905 the church had a membership of 350. Rev. W. P. Hollistcr had lieen pastor almut three years. The elders were: W. C. Wallace. I). H. Mackintosh. D. S. Smith. Enos Yoder, W. M. Koch and J. S. Billingsley.

An Associate Reform Presbyterian congregation was organized in August. 1842, the total membership at the organization being nine persons, viz: John Taggart, David Luke, Roliert Mcl'ilamy. the Johnson family, Maria Vance, and Benjamin and Elizabeth Blackburn. Benjamin Blackburn and John Taggart . were the first elders. 'The meetings were held ' in the old Presbyterian Church until 1853, when the society built a church of its own. In 1858 it l>ecame the United Presbyterian Church. The first settled pastor was Rev. Samuel Patterson, who gave one-third of his time - from 1849 to 1858. Other early pastors giving from one-half to two-thirds of their time were: Revs. Hugh Sturgeon, A. Y. Huston, and W. W. Curry. About i<>oo the congregation built a commodious and substantial new church. In 1905 the congregation was in a flourishing condition. Rev. E. E. Douglas being pastor.

A class of the United Brethren in Christ was formed in the southeast part of the township about 1855. In 1857 a small frame church was built west of the village on a lot given by Thomas McCalla. A new house of worship was built by the congregation, in the village, in 1879. The church has been connected with the Middleton and Fairfield circuits.

The village of Unity was platted in 1810 by John Augustine. Before railroads diverted the trade to East Palestine and New Waterford, it was a place of greater importance than during later years. Robert Veon had one of the pioneer stores, and the following were among the early merchants: Harrison Powers. John McCIymonds, John Harrah. David Augustine. H off stead & Young. Joseph Taylor, Eleazer King, Jesse Thomas & Brother. John McKerahan and Thomas Keener. Henry Forney, Daniel McCarter and Christian Keener were early tavern keepers. Dr. Hugh Martin was the first prominent physician. Me practiced from iS.'H to 1840. Other early physicians were: Drs. William \Y. Heinman. Isaac Snyder. John Thomas. Samuel Ball, J. I.. I). Hindman and Nathaniel Dustin. In the '5,0's and early Yio's William Hoffstott manufactured shoes quite extensively, employing a number of hands. Brickmakiiig was carried on for a number of years by Benjamin Younger. The old mills and tanneries are mentioned in another chanter.

New Waterford was laid out about 1851 by John and Rol>ert Silliman. Several additions have since been made. The village now lies on txith sides of Big Bull Creek. It was originally known as Bull Creek. John Silliman kept the first store. Samuel and James Spencer, William Chidester, John Nevin. James . Creese. George Craw ford and Charles B. Fish- - er were also early tradesmen. Early inn keep- \ ers were Fred Kauptman and Fred Mitchell. ; Drs. Frank Cox and D. M. Bloom were among ; the earliest medical practitioners. The water 1 power has always been excellent in this part of the township, and the grist and saw mills in the early days were numerous. And so the flour mill, first run by the primitive waterwheel and later by steam, has always been a leading industry. But this business has been referred to extensively in other chapters.

In 1877 John M. Ott emlwrked in the carriage business, and for a number of years employed ten or a dozen men. In 1883 George J. Koch established the carriage-making business on a larger scale. In 1889 Jacob II. Koch became a partner, and the business was continued on a yet larger basis. In 1904 the output of the Koch Brothers' establishment was given at over 1.500 vehicles, and it had in 1 ox>5 come t>« be the leading industry of the village.

New Waterford has always l>een well supplied with schools. In 1899 the Union school building was struck by lightning and burned. But immediately it was rebuilt. The new building contains four rooms and an auditorium. In 1005 Ellis W. Erney was superintendent. The school enumeration was 180.

The population of New Waterford in 1905 was a little under 800. The village officials - Mayor. M. S. Ward; clerk. W. C. Cutchall ; treasurer. John Koch: marshal. B. T. Walker; Council. - Jacob If. Koch. C. F, Jamison, Tin >mas Baker. John B. Eystcr, J. W. Brctz and Simon Unger.

The \e\v Waterford Building &- I.oan Association was organized in December, 1904, and in UH'5 had deposits of $3,000. President. Peter 1". Yollnogle: vice-president: J. C.

The Enterprise Planing Mill, established about 1885 in New Waterford, was still in 1905 o|>erate«J by the II. E. Uretz estate. It did a general lumber business and manufactured l>erry baskets.

Adjoins Jefferson County on the south, and is township 12 in range 3. The Cleveland and Pittsburg Division of the Pennsylvania lines passes through the township diagonally from northwest to southeast, tapping the many coal mines located in and abnit Salineville. which in 1905 was still the only station on the road within the township. Yellow Creek, receiving at Salincville the waters of two of its forks. Hows southeast through the township. The township was first settled in

1803. George Clark settled on section 4 in that year, James Sharp locating oti section 35 in the same year. Cornelius McLeest came over from Ireland and settled in the township in

1804, while William McLaughlin sailed from Greenock, Scotland, in 1807, and coming into Washington township settled on section 6. Daniel Swearitigeii entered the tract which was years later occupied bv Theophilus Cox. and in 1812 Alexander McLaughlin purchased the land and hvoi on it for some years. McLaughlin was mayor of Wellsville after the town was incorpor i'<: I. and lived there to he about 90 years of age. John Farmer, a member of the Society of Friends, and an early settler in Hanover township, moved into Washington township about 1814. and engaged in the salt business. Mr. Farmer and his son James became later the leading men in the industrial enterprises of Salincville and Washington township. George Clark undertook, for a consideration of ipoo, to "blaze" a road from Yellow Creek to New Lislton, - a distance of 15 miles. This was a part of the State road from Steuben ville to New Lislmn. Thomas Patterson located in the north and John Mart in the eastern part of the township. Hart

I reared a family of 14 children of whom seven ; sons served in the Civil War. In the west end of the "Scotch Settlement"' Angus McDonald, , Angus Noble and Evan McPherson, with othj er hardy Scots, were early settlers. McDonald laid out on a part of this plat the hamlet of Ilighlandtown. McPherson, who had brought with him a wife and six children, located on the northwest quarter of section 6. Later he disposed of one-half of his holdings to Angus McDonald. Alexander Dallas and David Rose came over in 1812 and settled in Washington township - Dallas where William Garside lived years afterward and Rose on the Rose place, as it was known almost a century later, as Ilighlandtown.

In 1 8 1 6 Saline township - a jiortion of which, on the erection of Carroll County in ; 1832. was set off to that county - was organj ed. The name Saline was retained by the Car- | roll County portion, and when in 1833 the portion remaining in Columbiana County was remodeled by the county commissioners, it was renamed Washington. At the same time sections 32, 33. 34, 35, and 36 were taken from Wayne township and added to Washington.

Columbiana Countvs Mining Centkr

Salineville is the only town of im|x>rtance in Washington township. Highlandtown, the one settlement beside, is a small hamlet in the eatsern part of the township, which was. as already noted, laid out in 1834 by Angus Mc- Donald. Alexander Chisholm o|>cned the first store in Ilighlandtown. and was the first postmaster. The post office has always l»ecn known as Inverness. Salineville was laid out by John and James Farmer in 1839 ami incorporated in 1848. It showed but little ; growth until the completion of the Cleveland j & Pittsburg Railroad, and the subsequent dej velopment of the coal mining interests, which laid the foundation for its future prosperity. The life and career of James Farmer is so closely identified with the history of Salincville, especially in the first two or three decades of its existence, that an extract from his "Me- I moir," by Lydia Ethel Farmer Painter, daugh- tcr of James Farmer, will not 1* out of place here. Mrs. Fainter in her little volume says: "Our Grandfather Farmer came from Georgia, our Grandfather Butler from Pennsylvania, the one in 1X05 - (.our father three years of age) - the other in 1X11 - (our mother six years of age) - anil both families pitched their tents in well-nigh the same neighborhood. New Garden and Goshen are now as then small villages, no long remove from the better known town of Salem, and it was in proximity to these, in the very heart of the forest, that the new houses were made ; our mother remained in hers until she grew into the full strength of womanhood; and until the early autumn day - the first of tenth month (October). 1834, on which she rode away horsebacklight silk gown and all - because the roads were too had for a carriage - and in the little, forest-en v ironed meeting house, was married to James Farmer, our father. * * * They set out for their new home, some 25 miles away, among the wilder and more picturesque beauty of the hill country in Columbiana County. Our father had already made a goodly beginning during the years in which he had, with our grandfather, opened up and developed the resources of those hills and valleys through which the Little Yellow Creek took its way toward the Ohio River, an. I on whose Iwnks our father had built the comfortable frame house (still standing in 1905) to which, in the early autumn days, he journeyed with his bride. There it was their seven children were born. * * * Neither grandfather nor father had gone into this wilderness for the sake of mere subsistence. Together they l>egan the development of the resources of a country that in time yielded a rich reward. * * * Settlers came, and the little hamlet grew, and in no long time was given the name "Salineville." Up to this time our grandfather and father had made their business ventures and successes together, but, about this time, our grandfather retired from active business life, leaving our father to carry forward the ever-increasing business interests singlehanded."

in which John and James Farmer were so prominently identified, in connection with the early mills, tanneries, and other industries with winch they and other Salineville and W ashington township men had much to do. is related in other and appropriate chapters of this work. The census of 1890 showed Salineville to have a population of .2,369. and that of 1900. 2.353. In the first five years of the new century the business of the (own greatly improved over that of the 10 years preceding, and the estimated population was 3,000. The officers of the village in 1905 were: I Mayor, Frank Pnmphrey: clerk, \V. F.

The Salineville Banking Company was the town's first banking institution. It was orj ganized in 1873, with J. G. Lacock president and \V. T. Cope, cashier. It hail a capital of $30,000. which in 1877 was reduced to $20,- o(K). That concern was in 1S80 succeeded by Cope Thompson < \Y. T. Cope, later Representative and State Treasurer, and H. A. Thompson, who was still in 1905 in the banking business). In 1887 the latter firm was succeeded by H. A. Thompson & Company, W. A. Thompson (afterwards - in 1005 - county treasurer) having succeeded to Mr. Cope's interest, and this house was, in 1805, reorganized as the 11. A. Thompson Banking Company. In 1902 another change occurred, when (he concern became the Citizens' Banking Company, with a capital of $50,000. In hjo.s the officers of this company were; H. A. Thompson, president: \Y. A. Thompson, vicepresident : \Y. A. McBane, cashier. A second lank commenced business in 1904, known as the People's Banking Company, with an authorized capital of $25,000, A. I.ange being president and Mr. Lnvry, cashier.

sclioolhousc on "the hill." In 1850 a frame, i house of worship was built near lite site of the brick structure, which in 1870 took its place. The latter building with the lot cost $10,500. In 1905 the membership of the church was something under 300. The pastor of the church then was Rev. S. A. Paragoy.

The Associate Reform congregation, which afterward Ix-came the United Presbyterian Church of Salineville. was organized in 1X37 or 183X, at what was later known as Clark's Mills, in W ashington township. James ! Martin and Daniel 1) Mcintosh were the first i elders chosen. Services were held in private 1 residences until 184(1. when a modest building was erected. In 1806 - the congregation in 1858 having changed its name to that of the United Presbyterian Church- took up the matter of a new church building, but some differences arising, a division occurred, one portion of the congregation going to Cram's Hill, and the other uniting with the Free Presbyterians at Salineville. The Free Presbyterian Church was organized January 28, 1850. John Thompson was chsoen ruling elder, Rev. James Ro- Ix-rtson was the first minister. Up to 1851 the congregation worshiped in the schoolhouse. In that year a frame house was built, which was used until 1866, when a brick building took its place. In 1800, the union of the I'ree Presbyterians and the United Presbyterians was effected, and Rev. \V. II. Jamison became the jKistor. who in 1871 was succeeded by Rev. S. M. C'-*»n. In 1905 the pastor of the church w as 1 Rev. 1". F. Dean; the members of the session. - H. A. Thompson. James McKcnzie. William Dorrance. P. S. Mart and Alexander Hart, the memliership Ixring 118.

The Presbyterian Church of Salineville was organized May 19. 1864. with 26 meniliers. when Joseph F. Williams and Edward Rumsidc were chosen elders. Rev. Robert Hays was the first pastor, and served the church from 1864 to 1874. Other pastors were: Revs. S. 15. Stevenson. J. R. Dnndas, D. D.. J. Nesbit Wilson and J. I.. Crimm. Services were held for some years after the organization in what bad lieen the village schoolhouse. Cater a comfortable frame hou-e of worship was built. T. E. Dufheld, of the Allegheny Theological Seminary, was employed as supply in 1905. The memliership was about 150. The mcmlxTS of the session in 1905 were: J. H. Cilsoti, Elmer Henderson, Peter Fcrrell. John Tobin and C. A. Prevost.

The Disciples Church of Salineville was organized February 4, 1856, by 36 members w ho had detached themselves from the Rerea Church. Renjamin Johnson, Jehu B. Milner and Nicholas W'irebaugh were the elders. The organization was always a flourishing one and in ]<x>5 had approximately 1 50 memliers. Rev. H. F. Oldacre was then the pastor.

In 187J. under the direction of Rev. P. J. McGuire, the Catholics of Salineville organized and built a substantial brick church. In 1905 upward of 75 families were identified with the parish, under the ministration of Rev. John McMahon.

The Primitive Methodists had an organization in Salineville from i8^k; until some time in the '80s, when the society became practically disorganized by numerous removals from the town of its members,

A class of Methodists was organized in 1819 at the house of Jacob S. Desellem. in Wayne township. Mr. Desellem l>eing chosen leader. Preaching was held in the schoolhouse and at the dwellings of members until 1841. when a church building was erected on Little Yellow ( reek, in Washington township, on land owned by David Scattergood. The church was then in Hanover circuit : but in 1865 the Ilighlandtown and Salineville Methodist Fpiscopal churches became an independent circuit. In 1905 the church continued in a flourishing condition - the second church building having liecn erected at I lighlandtown.

Washington township has always I wen exceptionally well supplied with schools. In 1905 Salineville had three Union school buildings - the "new" building, erected in the early '90's. with eight rooms: the "old" brick school building on "the hill." with six rooms, and the small building in the west end. Frank Linton was superintendent.

elevation nortli of town. The tract, which is alxwt if) acres in extent, was purchaser! by the town in 1870 for $600. The cemetery has been suitably improved.

Adjoins Center township on the south, and, containing but 25 sections, is only five miles square. The west fork of Beaver Creek flows through the township from the northwest corner to the middle of the eastern boundary, and in the early milling days it furnished good water power. Coal licds are abundant throughout the township, but the lack of railway shipping facilities lias largely prevented their development, except in a small way for home consumption. Limestone, fire-clay, iron ore. sandstone and flag-stone also abound, but the same absence of incentive toward development . as in the case of coal has been true of these 1 natural products. The land of the township is j highly productive, and a somewhat rugged | landscape outline renders the scenery very picturesque.

Aaron Hull, it is claimed, was the first white inhabitant of Wayne township. lie lo- "j cated in 1802 on section 16, and it was not until the following year that other settlers began to enter. Then Adam Toe. father of the Indian-fighting Foes: John T. Parker, who was the first justice of the peace in the township: James lloge. Patrick McKaig. the Thompsons, Armstrongs, Ilutehinsons. Shcehans and the McLaughlins, settled within the bounds of Wavne township. In 1N04 Gideon Caver settled on a farm where later the Cavers ! post office was located: John Armstrong and William King located on that part of W ayne township which was later included in Franklin. In 1805 James Figley and James Donaldson took up land in the township. Section 7, which is now a part of Franklin township, was in 1^04 settled by William King, who came with his wife, two daughters and three sons. John. Hugh, and Thomas. After having entered other land, Patrick McKaig entered a part of section 7. When William King settled, it is declared there was not another settler on the west between his place and the Tuscarawas River. John Fleming, who settled in Wayne in 18 1 5, purchased the farm on section 9, entered by John T. Parker. His nearest neighbors were Gideon Caver, on the east, on section 10; James Donaldson on the west. James Armstrong on the north, on section 4, and James l loge. who witj' Donaldson had located on section 8. William Grafton ( who died in 1878, aged 0.4 >- with his brother William, settled, in 1813, on section 14, laud that had been entered by one I.ciper. Ensign's history, published in 1879. says: "Leiper owned a small tract of 22 acres, now owned by Rev. Robert Hays, and situated in Wayne township. This be sold to George McLcest for a pair of earrings, McLeest, who was a dealer in jewelry, finding that method of payment more to his liking than the disbursement of money. Soon after the Graf tons, came the Pattersons, Mc- Cords. Morgans, Desellems and McMillins. An early settler was Capt. James Wormington. who died at the age of 103, and who claimed that 60 years of his life had been passed on the sea. Gottlieb Northdurft and John Meister, natives of France, who were among the pioneers of Wayne township, boastetl of having fought with the first Najioleon. Meister declaring that he had been in the retreat from Moscow.

It is related thai as late as 183-' John McLeest owned the only cart in his neighborhood, and that he also owned the first wagon ever brought into the township. William Grafton owned the first grain cradle to be brought into the township, and for the time it was an article greatly in demand.

Wayne was early known as a "dry" township, the temiKTrance sentiment always being strong within its l>or<lers. A township temperance society was early organized and about the same lime one was formed also in connection with Itethel Presbyterian Church.

Wayne township was organized in i8otl The first justice of the peacee. as has been 1 noted, was John T. Parker, who was elected upon the organization of the township. Patrick- McKaig was elected in 1809 and Thomas Rosehurg in 181.'. The first tax levy

Wayne is strictly a rural township, there l>eiug n<> towns or villages within its boundaries. Prior, however, to the days of rural free delivery. Cavers and W est Heaver were post offices.

Bctliel Presbyterian v hureh was organized in i8_m, as a branch of the Yellow (J reck congregation of Madison township. Rev. James Rolx-rtson had preached as early as 18 18 w ithin the hounds of what was afterwards Bethel congregation in Wayne township. He conducted public service twice a month, occupying a tent in summer and holding meetings in winter in the homes of the people. The tent was at the first erected in a field on the place afterward owned by Rev. Robert Hays and later near where William Grafton lived. Andrew Adams. Thomas Patterson. James Welch and Richard Gilson were chosen elders at the organization. Soon after the organization, in iXj 1, Thomas Patterson gave two acres of land as a site tor a church ami graveyard, and a liewed-log house of worship was lniilt upon the site occupied up to 1905 by Bethel Church. On Octo- Ih.t 22. 1823. by resolution of the presbytery, the Yellow Creek congregation was divided, and it was ordered that that portion of the congregation where the new meeting house was built "l>e known by the name of Bethel congregation, and that Rev. James Robertson be considered the pastor of that congregation.*' Rev. Mr. Roliertson was also instrumental in organizing the Bethesda Presbyterian congregation, in Franklin township, and until l8_*7 preached to both that and Bethel congregations. In 1825 the joint memWrship of the two churches was 202. Previous to that time there had been revivals in both these churches, and there were large accessions to the membership. From ]8_7 to 1835 the church depended upon stated supplies for the ministrations of the Gospel. Revs. John took. Thomas. Hughes, Nims, Dunlap. Harper, John B. Graham. James Cah.xm and other-. . 0- cupied Bethel pulpit until 1848, Rev. Mr. (iraham having served for 13 years. In 1843 Robert Travis and John McDonald were chosen as additional members of the church session. Following Rev. Mr. (iraham. the pastors at Bethel were: Revs. M. E. Johnson, who labored from 1848 to 184c;; Robert Hays, who was pastor for 33 vears. from 1850 to 1 8X3; C. S. McClellan. from 1883 to '1889. T. J. Gray, from 1890 to 1902: and H. C. Foster, from 190J to 1905. The elders in 1905 were: J. C. Hays, D. Robinson, T. P. Mckenzie. R. C. Grafton and W. A. Robinson. In 185J the old church building was" succeeded by the large and substantial frame edifice still in use in 1905.

The meeting was held in a grove near the home of Mrs. Fleming and was presided over by Rev. James Brown. From this lx.'ginning grew the Lebanon United Presbyterian Church. At the meeting for organization, William Milter. John Homer, Isaac Buchanan. John Walker and John Collins were elected ciders. On August 15, 1 83 1, John Jamison and William Armstrong were chosen additional elders. The first ministerial supplies were Revs. James Brown and James Walker, the rirst settled pastor being' Rev. John Donaldson. The second stated pastor was Rev. William H. Jamison, and succeeding him. among others, were: Revs. James Golden. I. X. White. II. H. Brownlee, R. B. Harsha. M. B. Patterson. J. W. Best and W. J. Stewart, who was the pastor in 1905. The house of worship still in me in 1 005 was erected in 1858.

The appended sketch of the Pleasant Grove Methodist Episcopal Church is taken from Ensign's "History of Columbiana County." "In 1837 Joseph Paxton, a blacksmith of Klkrmi township, ltegan to preach occasionally at the house of Thomas Cross, in Wayne township, to a company of people who worshiped as Cuited Brethren adherents. Paxton. Alexander Biddle and others preached at Cross' house alxmt tw'o years, and then changed the place of worship to the house of Peter Coss. who lived .111 the place afterward occupied by John

Rule. Isaac Crul>augh was the first class leader of the United Brethren organization, which, not long after the transfer to the house of Peter Coss, was reorganized as a Methodist Episcopal congregation, with Peter Coss as class leader. A log church was built on the latter's farm, and there services were held until 1X48, when the present church huilding was put up. Latterly the congregation has not met for worship at the church, save at irregular and lengthened |>eriods, owing to the difficulty of obtaining preachers." The first Methodist Kpiscopal preaching in Wayne township was in 1825, at the house of Gideon Gaver. There was preaching there every fortnight until alwut 1848. when the members of the congregation generally joined the Pleasant Grove congregation.

Yellow Creek township is not vast in exi tent, but it is rich in native Iwauty and his- ] toric association. It adjoins Liverpool to the ] southwest on the Ohio River, is very irregular in shape and contains but 23 sections, it re- | ceives its name front the two streams which penetrate portions of its territory - Hig Yellow Creek, which empties into the Ohio across the birder in Jefferson County, ami Little Yellow Creek, which has its outlet in the eastern portion of VYellsville. Its surface furnishes a diversity of rugged hill, fertile vale and rich ' alluvial bottom land along river ami creeks, ] which render it one of the natural garden ; spots of the county. Moreover the mineral I products of the township, consisting of coal, I fire-clay, limestone and sandstone, with here and there strong indications and some realization of oil, gas and salt, are among its natural resources which have attractetl attention from the earliest days. These have Itecn referred to in detail in other chapters in this work. The township was organized in 18155, and originally jkisscssed a row of townships on its southern Itorder which, in the changes brought about at j the time of the organization of Carroll County. 1 were set off to Jefferson. The land now inj eluded in the township was surveyed under l government authority, in connection with a ; number of other tracts, by Robert Johnston. : prior to 1788. Johnston was to receive 56 per i day for his services, and at the government sale j of'ohio lands, held in New York in 1788, he took some of the lands in payment of his account, which amounted to $000; and an old j history says "he received about 30 townships in ! payment thereof, at the rate of hxj acres for .So." In 18175 J-'tmcs Clark, of Washington County, Pennsylvania, purchased of Johnston, 1 at S6 per acre, 304 acres, upon which the town ! of Wellsville is now Incited. About that time Richard Vaughn and George Clark "squatted" upon a part of James Clark's purchase and built the first log cabin in the township (on ; what was later known as Sugar street. Wellsville). In i~</> Clark transferred this land to his vm-in-law, Williams Wells. At that time Mr. Wells lived in Washington County. Penn- -ylvania, and in the spring of 17^.7 he took pos- session of his property on the Ohio. George C lark, who had "squatted" on a portion of the land it is saitl about 179O for some reason killed an Indian, and fearing vengeance upon himself and family, he moved across the river and located temporarily in Virginia. He afterward returned and located in Jefferson County, four miles west of Wellsville, and represented his county for several years in the Ohio Legislature. After William W ells had taken possession of |iis land, he lived for some time in a blockhouse which stood where the Arluickle (afterward A. P. Howard's) home was located, on the Virginia side of the river. Thence with his oldest son James, then nine years old, he would crass the river in the mornings in a canoe, work his farm through the day, and return t>> his family in the block -house at night. Other early settlers in this part of the township were James Watson and George Hill, the latter of whom was the father of iS children. Neither Hill nor Watson remained long on their land, but soon sold their holdings and went to other parts. Jacob Nessly. of Virginia, was among the early purchasers of land on Yellow Creek, and Nathaniel Meyers settled in 1798. About that time Kol)ert Martin became a settler on a farm bought by Richard Vaughn.

A small portion of what is known as the "Scotch Settlement." which has lieen mentioned at some length in another chapter, was in Yellow Creek township. On this portion the early settlers were Andrew Mcl'hersoti (who lived to \xs tyi) years old). Alexander McUane and McLean "the Prophet." McLean was a Covenanter, ami by the exercise of his energies as an cxhorter it is related he "managed to divide the memlicrs of the 'Scotch Settlement' upon religious questions, and for a time the Covenanters and Presbyterians were stirred up by dissensions, the Presbyterians having the benefit of the religious teachings of Rev. Mr. Hughes." Andrew Smith, who was a justice of the peace, lived on the line lietwcen Yellow ( reek and Madison. He was also a school teacher, and tnight in a log sclumlhouse on Little Yellow Creek. "Pig Hilly" Mcintosh was an early settler, and was famous as a lighter. Daniel

Svvearingcn purchased considerable land in the township, and gave a tract to each of several sons. Abel Geer, an early settler, was known as the "cropped-eared Yankee." He lost one of his ears, it is said, in Connecticut, under a law of that State requiring a man's ear as the penalty for a certain misdeed.

The Founder Of Wellsville

W illiam Wells, on July 15. 1797, received a commission as justice of the peace signed by "Arthur St. Clair, governor and commanderin-chief of the territory northwest of the Ohio." Daniel T. I^awson. a pioneer citizen of Wellsville - -still living in 1905 at the age of 87 - in 1873 wrote a sketch of the early days of Wellsville from which a paragraph is quoted: "William Wells lived to see the town which l>ears his name enjoy a large and growing trade. He died in April. 1852. leaving a large number of descendants. For a number of years he lived in a log house that stood near the old stone mansion erected by him. and but recently torn down. He was a member of the justices' court that tried the lad Cartienter for the murder of the Indian chief. White Lyes, at West Point, about eight miles north of Wellsville. ; White Eyes, a Delaware chief, was a scholar, ' educated by the government. He understood Hebrew. Greek and Latin, and intended living with the whites: but some time after receiving his education he attended a dance at Georgetown, I ). ('.. at which he acquitted himself with extraordinary agility, which caused one of the ladies present to remark. 'Just see that yellow dog. Why. he is the best dancer in the room!' Overhearing this left-handed compliment, he felt insulted, and determined to rejoin his trilic, saying he "would rather be a chief with his own people than a yellow dog among the whites.' The trial of the Carpenter lad took place while Mr. Wells resided in the blockhouse At this time, and for many years after, he went to Georgetown, Pennsylvania, to get his bl icksmithing, and to Cross Creek. ab'Ut 1 j miles from the river, to get his milling done. He took his grain in a canoe to the mouth of

Harmon', Creek, where the ' Panhandle' Railroad now crosses the river, there ferried his horses over, and thence packed it to and from the mill, in all a distance of alxait 64 miles. He made many trips over the mountains with pack-horses to Winchester. Virginia, taking with him cargoes of ginseng, and bringing liack salt, which sold sometimes a- high as Sid per bushel."