Coshocton County, Ohio - Chapter 21, 1881

Chapter 21

Causes of the Expedition - The Ohfective Point - March of the Army - Arrival at the Forks of the Muskingum - Destruction of Indian Villages - Return of the Army - War of Extermination - Col. Brodhead's Official Report- Biographical Sketches of Col. David Shepherd and Col. Daniel Brodhead.

DURING the year 1780, frequent predatory incursions were made into the frontier settlements east of the Ohio river, to the very serious detriment of those settlements, whose growth was greatly impeded thereby. Naturally the people living on the frontiers were constantfly in a state of feverish excitement and alarm, and would so remain as long as there was good reason to apprehend hostile and murderous raids into their communities. And of course while that condition of things existed but small prosperity to the exposed settlements could reasonably be anticipated. t

As ihe winter of 1780-81 wore away the shrewd and observing frontiersmen saw but Uttle prospect of peace, tranquility and prosperity for the frontier settlements, and had but slight hopes that the savages would be at peace with them, unless a sanguinary policy was adopted and rigorously pursued towards tliem, for self protection. With the approach of spring there were unmistakable indications of an early renewal of hostilities, and these apprehensions soon turned out to be well founded. During the early spring of 1781, as was anticipated, marauding parties of hostile Indians crossed the Ohio river at various points for purposes of plunder and murder, and frequently succeeded in executing their nefarious and brutal purposes. '

Col. Daniel Brodhead was at this time Commander of the Western Military Department with headquarters at Fort Pitt, (now Pittsburgh). Learning of the growing disaffection of the uncivilized and unchristianized Dela wares on the Muskingum toward the white settlers east of the Ohio, and also toward the American cause, as against Great Britain in the then pending revolutionary struggle; and knowing the losses the frontiersmen had sustained ; the barbarities they had endured, the cruelties of which they had been the victims at the hands of the savages, and also seeing the then exposed condition of the weaker frontier settlements, he decided that the time had fully come when measures should be taken to guard against the future recurrence and to avenge the cruelties and atrocious barbarities of the savages. Accordingly he organized an expedition composed of about 300 men, in part volunteers, at Wheeling, in April, 1781, to march against the Indians on the Muskingum. Col. David Shepherd was the second officer in rank. The Indian village of Goschachgunk, the second capital of the Delaware nation in Ohio, built on the site of Coshocton, on the left bank of the Muskingum, just below the junction of the Tuscarawas and Walhonding rivers, also called the "Forks of the Muskingum," was the objective point of the expedition.

Col. Brodhead's force, of 300 efTective men, composed to a large extent of experienced Indian hunters, rendezvoused at Fort Henry, (formerly called Fort Fincastle, its name having been changed in honor of Governor Patrick Henry, of the colony of Virginia,) situated in the then small village of Wheeling. The command was well officered. Col. David Shepherd, County Lieutenant of Ohio county, Virginia, having command of 134 men (probably the volunteer portion); thewhole force being under the command of Colonel Brodhead, who "was esteemed a successful commander in Indian warfare."

This small army marched from Fort Henry in April, 1781, crossed the Ohio, and made a rapid march, by the nearest route, to the principal Delaware village upon the Muskingum, where the present town of Coshocton now stands. The army, reached the point of destination by a forced march on the evening of the 19th of April, 1781, (just one hundred years, ago, at this writing,) completely surprising the Indians. Owing to high water, however, the Indians on the west side of the river escaped, but all on the east side were captured without firing a shot Sixteen Indian warriors captured were taken below the town and killed by direction of a council of war held in the camp of Brodhead, being dispatched says Dr. Doddridge with tomahawksand spears, and afterwards scalped. The next morning an Indian called from the opposite side of the river for the " big captain," (as they called Brodhead,) saying he wanted peace. Brodhead sent himi for his chief, who came over under a promise that he should not be killed. After he got over it is said that the notorious Indian fighter, Lewis Wetzel, tomahawked him ! Someauthorities represent that it was an older brother of Lewis Wetzel that committed this murder.

Another village, two and a half miles below, was also destroyed. This was Lichtenau, the Moravian village, abandoned the year before, at this time occupied by some %raggling bands of uncivilized Delawares, who had named it Indoachaio. A strong determination was manifested by a portion of the soldiers to march to the Moravian towns up the river (Salem, Gnadenhutten and Schonbrunn) and destroy them, but Colonels Brodhead and Shepherd prevented , this contemplated outrage.

having the prisoners in charge killed them all except a few women and children, who were taken to Fort Pitt, and afterwards exchanged for an equal number of prisoners held by the Indians. On his return march Colonel Brodhead met some friendly Delawares, who accompanied him to Fort Pitt and placed themselves under the protection of the United States.

Before leaving the valley of the Tuscarawas (then called Muskingum), Colonel Brodhead had an interview with the Rev. John Heckewelder and perhaps other Moravian missionaries who had been friendly to the frontier settlers and true to the cause of the colonists in their struggle with the mother country, and advised them and all of the Christian Indians, in view of their dangerous position, " between two fires," to break up their settlements and accompany him to Fort Pitt for protection. This advice they unfortunantely declined to accept, and before the expiration of a jeax ninety-four oi them were massacred in cold blood, at Gnadenhutten, by infuriated frontiersmen, under command of Colonel David Williamson, many of whose command had been of Colonel Brodhead's expedition to the Muskingum the previous year.

The settlements on the frontiers had suffered greatly from the Indians, and about this time the settlers came to the determination to arrest in future the marauding and murderous incursions of the savages. The time had come when they must make a vigorous defense of those settlements or abandon them. They must fight efficiently or be exterminated. It was a contest for life, for home, for wives and children. It was a battle between barbarism and civilization, between Paganism and Christianity. It is not surprising therefore that the border wars of this period were prosecuted on both sides as wars of extermination, and that the barbarities perpetrated by the Indians had produced such a malignant spirit of revenge among the white settlers as to make them little less brutal and remorseless than the savages themselves. Some of their expeditions against the Indians were mere murdering parties held together only by the common thirst for revenge, and the malignant spirit of retaliation ; and it is not likely that any discipline calculated to restrain that pervading feeling could, in all cases, have been enforced, however anxious the commander and a minority of his men might be. It is certainly unfortunate for the reputation of Colonel Brodhead that his name is thus associated with the murder of prisoners, but it is highly probably that he never sanctioned it, and could not have prevented it. It is clear however that the combined influence of Col. Brodhead and Col. Shepherd saved the Moravian Indians of the Tuscarawas Valley from the massacre that disgraced the soldiers of Col. Williamson the next year, and which their commander and eighteen of his men desired to prevent but could not! The killing of prisoners by the men of Col. Brodhead's expedition, in April, 1781, and the cruel murder of ninety-four Moravian Indians by Col. Williamson's command, in March, 1782; succeeded in June, 1782, by the terrible torture and burning of Col. Crawford and others of his force, followed in August of the same year of the cruelties and barbarities of the Indians practiced towards Col. Lochry and all his command, ambushed, captured or killed, and some of the prisoners murdered in cold blood, well illustrate the spirit of the times and the sanguinary temper that controlled the whites and savages alike, on the fiery arena of the western border, at this period of fierce conflicts and desperate deeds - deeds that were in such terrible harmony with those wild and thrilling days - heroic years on the western, border they have been called - years of barbarity, massacre, murder they were!

The following is Col. Brodhead's official report of his expedition to the Muskingum made to President Reed, of the Executive Council of Pennsylvania :

" Sir : - In the last letter I had the jfionor to address to your Excellency, I mentioned my intention to carry an expedition against the revolted Delaware towns. I have now the pleasure to inform you that with about 300 men, (nearly half the number volunteers from the county), I surprised the towns of Cooshasking and Indaochaie, killed fifteen warriers, and took upwards of twenty old men, women and children. About four miles above the town I detached a party to cross the river Muskingum and destroy a party of about forty warriors, who had just before (as I learned by an Indian whom the advance guard took prisoner) crossed over with some prisoners and scalps, and were drunk, but excessive hard rains having swelled the river banlc high, it was found impracticable. After destroying tlie towns, with great quantities of poultry and other stores, and killing about forty head of cattle, I marched up the river about seven miles, with a view to send for some craft from the Moravian towns, and cross the river to pursue the Indians; but when I proposed my plan to the volunteers I found they conceived they had done enough, and were determined to return, wherefore I marched to Newcomerstown, where a few Indians, who remained in our interest, had withdrawn themselves, not exceeding thirty men. The troops experienced great kindness from the Moravian Indians and those at Newcomerstown, and obtained a sufficient supply of meat and corn to subsist the men and horses to the Ohio river. Captain Killbuck and Captain Luzerne, upon hearing of our troops being on the Muskingum, immediately pursued the warriors, killed one of their greatest villains and brought his scalp to me. The plunder brought in by the troops sold for about eighty pounds at Fort Henry. I had upon this expedition Captain Montour and Wilson, and three other faithful Indians who contributed greatly to success.

" The troops behaved with great spirit, and although there was considerable firing between them and the Indians, I had not a man killed or wounded, and only one horse shot.

Col. David Shepheed

Col. David Shepherd came to Wheeling, fr^om the South Branch of the Potomac, in 1770. His energy, enterprise, courage and other characteristics of first-class frontiersmen, soon made him " a man of mark."

In 1776, ,iipon the organization of Ohio county, Virginia, Col. Shepherd became the commanding officer of the militia of the county ; was also the presiding justice of the county court; and before the close of the year 1776, he became the sheriff of the county of Ohio, that office at the time named going to the senior justice of the county court, under the laws of the colony, and for many years afterward, in pursuance of the laws of the State. Col. Shepherd also presided at a notable meeting or convocation held near the close of the year, for the purpose of carrying into effect certain requirements of the legislature.

On the 12th of March, 1777, the Governor of Virginia (Patrick Henry), authorized the raising of a force of 300 men in certain western counties of Virginia, " to penetrate the country and inflict summary punishment upon certain Indians that were characterized as outlaws and banditti," located at " Pluggystown," near the head waters of the Scioto, and the command of the expedition was tendered to Col. David Shepherd, who had previously been appointed , to the position of lieutenant of the county of Ohio.

In September, 1777, Fort Henry (formerly called Fort Fincastle), was besieged by a large force of Indian warriors, numbering nearly 400, but it- was successfully defended by the small force within it, under the command of Col.'^David Shepherd. He continued to take a leading part in arranging for the defense of the frontiers until 1781, when he was second in command to Col. Daniel Brodhead in the " Coshocton Campaign," as it was called.

Col. Shepherd was a prominent man on the frontiers, acting in various ways against the hostile Indians west of the Ohio river. As a civilian he long held a position in the front rank of useful, upright, valuable public officers, and as a just, impartial magistrate.

Col. Daniel Beodhead

Col. Daniel Brodhead was a citizen of Berks county, Pennsylvania, in 1771, having removed there during that year from Ulster county, New York. He entered the army as a lieutenantcolonel, his commission bearing date July 4, 1776. Until early in the year 1779 he was engaged in most of the battles fought by Gen. Washington's army, and had attained a colonel's commission, commanding the 8th Pennsylvania regiment! On March 5, 1779, he was appointed to the command of the western military department (succeeding Gen. Mcintosh), with headquarters at Fort Pitt. This position he retained until some time after the Coshocton campaign in April, 1781, when Col. John Gibson temporarily occupied the position, until the permanent ap-

Col. Brodhead, in "August and September, 1779, led an expedition against certain Seneca and Muncie Indians, on the Allegheny river, his command consisting of 609 men, including militia and volunteers, which, however, resulted in little less than the destruction of a number of Indian villages and some hundreds of acres of corn, and the confiscation of certain articles, of the estimated value of 13,000. These villages were situated nearly 200 miles above Port Pitt.

Colonel Brodhead's administration of affairs generally in the Western Military Department, during, those two years, was in the main rather popular with the frontiersmen, and was so satisfactory to Congress in its results as to elicit a specially complimentary resolution from that body. He was doubtless a meritorious officer, and w^as one of four brothers who all rendered essential services to their country during the perilous years of our revolutionary struggle. Colonel Brodhead ultimately attained to the rank and command of a brigadier-general, and those of his countrymen who have knowledge of his history and services, concede to him the reputation of a commander of energy, efficiency, and undoubted courage and patriotism.

General' Brodhead remained in retirement until November 3, 1789, when he was elected Surveyor-General of Pennsjdvania, an office which he continued to hold until 1799. One of his sons, an officer in the revolutionary army, ofTered up his young life on the altar of his countrj'. The Brodheads were true patriots, gallant soldiers, and rendered valuable services to their country in its time of peril.

General Brodhead was married twice. His last marriage was with the widow of Governor Mifflin, one of the early time Governors of Pennsylvania. His death occurred at Milford, Pennsylvania, November 15, 1809, where and when was brought to a close a life that had been so conspicuously and persistently dedicated to the promotion of the liberty of his countrymen, and- to the establishment of free institutions, as to demand the grateful consideration of posterity, and an honorable mention in history.

Wetzel And Brady

Lewis Wetzel - His Character - The WetEel Family - The Murder of Lewis' Father - Capture o£ Wetzel by the Indians - His Adventures in the Muskingum Valley - Tragedy at Indian Spring - The expedition to the Muskingum under MeMahon - Wetzel takes a Scalp - The Turkey Call- Various Adventures - Imprisoned - Wetzel's Personal Appearance and Ddath.

LEWIS WETZEL, who has been mentioned in the preceding chapter as assassinating the chief who sought a conference with General Brodhead, under promise of protection, stands side by side with Samuel Brady, Simon Kenton, Daniel Boone and a few others, as a prominent leader in the border wars of the time. The single act mentioned indicates his somewhat savage nature and the intense feehng of hatred that then existed among the pioneers. Wetzel was, himself, the personification of this feeling, and probably outrivaled his cotemporaries, above mentioned, in his intense arid bitter hatred of the whole Indian race.

As Lewis Wetzel was identified with all the border wars of the time, and with the numerous private expeditions against the Indians in Ohio; and as this was not his first or last visit to the Muskingum valley, any history of Ohio, or especially of the eastern part of it, would seem to be incomplete without some account of him.

He was looked upon, in the neighborhood of Wheeling and along the upper Ohio, by the settlers as the right arm of their defence ; his presence was a tower of strength in the infant settlements, and his name a terror to the fierce and restless savages, who, making the Muskingum valley their stopping and starting point, waged a relentless war of extermination against the frontiersmen.

Although he was fierce and unrelenting in his warfare, and always shot an Indian on sight, when he could, yet his foe was equally fierceand unrelenting, and the memory of Wetzel should be embalmed in the hearts of the people of Eastern Ohio, and Western Pennsylvania, for his efforts in defence of their forefathers are almost without g, parallel.

Almost always foremost and most devoted, he threw into the common treasury a soul as heroic, as adventurous, as full of energy and exhaustless resources as ever animated a human being.

Unfortunately for his memory no entirely reliable account of him has ever appeared in print. The present generation know little of his personal history, save as gathered from the pages of romance, or the scarcely less painted traditions of the day.

With many he is regarded as having been little better than a savage; a man whose disposition was that of an enraged tiger, and whose only propensity was for blood. Many of his acts, notably the one mentioned, would seem to strengthen this belief, yet if the people of to-day could but comprehend the state of feeling then existing between the belligerents, they would look upon his acts in a somewhat different light.

He was revengeful, it is true, because he had suffered deep injuries at the hands of his foes ; yet he was never known to inflict cruelty upon women and children, or to torture or mutilate his adversary.

He was literally without fear; brave as a lion, cunning as a fox, "daring where daring was the wiser part; prudent when discretion was valor's I'.etter self." He seemed to possess in a remarkable degree that intuitive knowledge which can alone constitute a good and efficient hunter and successful scout,]added to which he was sagacious, prompt to act, and possessed an iron frame and will to render his acts efficient.

John Wetzel, the father of Lewis, was one of the first settlers on Wheeling creek. He had five sons and two daughters, whose names respecti*fely were Martin, Lewis, Jacob, John, George, Susan and Christina.

The elder Wetzel spent much of his time locating lands, hunting and fishing. His neighbors frequently admonished him against exposing himself to the enemy, who was almost continually prowling about, but disregarding advice, -and laughing at their fears, he continued to widen the range of his excursions, until he finally |fell a victim to the tawny foe. He was killed near Captina, in 1787, on his return from Middle Island creek. Himself and companion were paddling slowly along in a canoe, near the shore, when they were hailed by a party of Indians and ordered to land. This they refused, and they were immediately firfd upon and Wetzel shot through the body. Feeling himself mortally wounded, he directed his companion to lie down in the canoe, while he (Wetzel), so long as strength remained, would paddle the vessel beyond the reach of the savages. In this way he saved the life of his friend, while his own was ebbing fast. He died soon after reaching the shore, at Baker's station. Not many years ago a rough stone, on which was inscribed in perfectly distinct characters, " J. W., 1787," still marked the last resting place of John Wetzel.

At the time of his father's death, Lewis was about twenty-three years of age, and in common with his brothers, swore vengeance against the whole Indian race, and terribly was that resolution carried into effect. From that time forward they were devoted to the wood ; and an Indian, whether in peace or war, by night or by day, was a doomed man in the presence of either of them.

The first event worthy of record in his life accurred when he was about fourteen years old, when he was taken prisoner. He had just stepped from his father's door and stood looking at his brother, Jacob, playing in the yard, when he happened to see a gun pointing from the corner of the corn crib. He sprang quickly to one side, just in time to receive the ball upon his breast bone, cutting a gash and carrying away a piece of the bone. In an instant two athletic warriors came up, and making the lads prisoners, hurried them away without being discovered. On the second day they reached the Ohio, and crossilig, near the mouth of McMahon's creek, gained the Big Lick, about twenty miles from the river, that evening. During the whole of this painful march Lewis suffered severely from his wound, but bore up with true courage, knowing if he complained the tomahawk would be his doom.^

That night, on lying down, the Indians, contrary to their usual custom, failed to tie their prisoners, and Lewis resolved to escape. While the Indians were sleeping they both arose without disturbing their captors and passed into the woods. Finding, however, that they could not travel without moccasins, Lewis returned to camp and secured two pairs, with which he re- turned to his brother. He then went back after his father's gun, which the Indians had secured in the yard where the lads were taken prisoners. Having secured this without awakening the savages, they started in the direction of home. Finding the trail, they traveled on for some time, occasionally stopping to listen. They soon ascertained the Indians were in pursuit, but stepping aside into the brush the savages passed them, and they again resumed their march. They had not proceeded far before they heard the Indians returning, and again avoided them by hiding in the "brush. Before daylight they were followed by two Indians on horseback, but again resorting to a similar expedient, they readily escaped detection. The next day, about eleven o'clock, they reached the Ohio, at a point opposite Zane's Island, and lashing two logs together they crossed and were once more with their friends.

Space will not allow a complete review of this man's adventurous life, as that would, if justice were done, make a volume ; but some of his more daring deeds may be noticed, that the full character of the man may be brought out ; and those expeditions in which he was knowii to have visited the Muskingum valley, may be referred to more in detail. There is no doubt whatever that Lewis Wetzel frequently visited the neighborhood of the Indian towns about the junction of the Tuscarawas and Walhonding rivers. Killing Indians was his trade, and these towns were the nearest ones to his field of operations.

That he often came to the neighborhood of these towns alone, and prowled about in the woods until he saw an opportunity to take a scalp and return in safety, may safely be inferred from the nature of the man and his known mode of warfare. Indeed he did not always stop on the- Muskingum, but passed on into the heart of the Indian country, about the head waters of the Sandusky river, in his incessant and tireless search for scalps.

He was a lover of the woods and of solitude, and after reaching the years of manhood spent most of his time alone in the great wilderness west of the Ohio.

stream. The quiet repose, the moving shadow, the song of birds, the whoop of the savage, the long, melancholy howl of the timber wolf, were sights and sounds that most interested him, and made up largely the pleasures of his existence. Rising from his couch of leaves beside some moss-covered log, the lone hunter made his hurried meal, and pressed on through the day, careless of 'fatigue or danger, until night again spread her mantle over the woods.

Shortly after Crawford's defeat, a man named Thomas Mills, escaping from that unfortunate expedition, reached Indian Spring, about nine miles from Wheeling, on the present National road, where he left his horse and proceeded on foot to Wheeling. Thence he went to Van Metre's Fort, and after a day or two of rest, induced Lewis Wetzel to return with him to the Spring for his horse. Lewis was then eighteen years old, but skilled in wood-craft, and advised Mills not to go, but the latter determined to proceed, and the two started. Approaching the Spring, they discovered the horse tied to a tree, and Wetzel at once comprehended their danger.

Mills walked up to unfasten the animal, when instantly a discharge of rifles followed, and the unfortunate man fell, mortally wounded. Wetzel, knowing his only chance for life was in flight, bounded away at his utmost speed. Four of the Indians followed in rapid pursuit, and after a chase of half a mile, one of the most active of their number approached Wetzel so closely that fearing he might throw his tomahawk with deadly effect, he turned suddenly and shot the savage dead. Wetzel was very fleet on foot, and had acquired the habit of loading his gun while running, and it was now, as it was many times subsequently, of great advantage to him. Keeping in advance another half mile, his gun was reloaded, and the second savage came so near that, upon turning, the Indian caught the muzzle of his gun, and the contest became doubtful. At one moment the Indian by his great strength and dexterity brought Wetzel to his knee, and had nearly wrenched the rifle from his hands, when by a powerful effort he drew the weapon from the hands of the savage, and thrusting the muzzle against the side of his neck, pulled the trigger, killing him instantly.

By this time the other two Indians were nearly upon him, and he again bounded away, reloading his rifle while running. The savages fell behind, but Lewis slackened his pace, and even stopped once or twice to allow them to come up. Whenever he looked around, however, they treed, unwilling to expose themselves to his deadly rifle. Running on some time, he reached an open space in the woods, and, turning suddenly, the -foremost savage sprang behind a tree, which did not, however, screen his body entirely, and Wetzel fired, dangerously wounding him. The remaining Indian beat a hasty retreat.

In the summer of 1786 these Indians killed ^ man near Mingo bottom, and a party of frontiersmen under the famous Major McMahon (who was afterward killed in the defense of Fort Recovery), followed them with the intention of getting revenge. One hundred dollars was offered to the man who should bring in the first scalp. Lewis Wetzel was one of this party. They crossed the Ohio August 5, and proceeded by a rapid march to the Muskingum.

Approaching the Muskingum, this party reported that they had discovered a large camp of the Indians - so large that it was useless to think of making an attack upon it.

During this'conference Lewis Wetzel sat apart upon a log with his gun resting carelessly across his knees, silent, but listening to all that was said. When the decision was reached and the party began to move away Lewis still retained his seat upon the log, which McMahon noticing turned back and asked if he was not going along. " No !" was his sullen reply. " I came out to hunt Indians, and now they are found, I am not going home like a fool with my fingers in my mouth. I will take a scalp or lose my own."

Once alone he gathered his blanket around himr adjusted his tomahawk and scalping knife, and taking his rifle moved cautiously away. Keeping away from the larger streams, he crept silently through the woods like a wild beast of preykeeping his piercing black eyes open for any stray Indians that might be strolling or camping in limited numbers.

The night being dark and chilly it was necessary for comfort to have a fire, but to show a light in the midst of his enemy was to invite certain destruction; he therefore constructed a small; coal-pit of bark and dried leaves, and covering these with loose earth, leaving an occassional air-- hole, he seated himself, encircling the pit with his legs, and then completed the whole by covering his head with a blanket. In this way he kept comfortable, without endangering himself by a light.

During the following day he roamed the woodswithout discovering any signs of Indians until toward evening, when he discovered a smoke,, and approached it cautiously. He found a ten-- antless camp. It contained two blankets and a small kettle, which Wetzel at once knew belonged to two Indians, who were probably out huntings Concealing himself in the matted undergrowth, he patiently awaited the return of his prey.- About sunset one of the Indians came in, made a fire and began cooking supper. Shortly after the other appeared ; they then ate their supper,., after which they smoked their pipes and amused themseves by singing and telling comic stories,- which at times caused them to indulge in roars of laughter. They little dreamed that death waslurking near them, in the dark forest, in the shape of the terrible Wetzel.

About nine o'clock one of the Indians wrapped his blanket around him, shouldered hisrifle, took a fire-brand in his hand and left the camp, doubtless with the intention of watching adeer-lick. | tion and disappointment to Wetzel, who looked upon both as his game. He indulged the hope that ,the Indian would return to camp before day-break, but in this he was disappointed. Through the long, still hours of the night he waited and watched, like a tiger watching his prey. When he heard the birds begin to chirp and chatter, and he knew daylight was approaching, he determined to delay no longer, and walking to the camp with noiseless step, he found his victim in profound slumber, lying upon his side. He drew his butcher knife and drove the keen blade with all his force to the heart of the savage. The Indian gave a quiver, a convulsive motion and then lay still in the sleep of death. Wetzel scalped him, and set out for home, arriving at Mingo Bottom but one day after his unsuccessful companions.

A most fatal decoy on the frontier was the turkey-call. On several different occasions men from the fort at Wheeling had gone across the hill in quest of turkeys, whose plaintive cries had elicited their attention, and on more than one occasion the men never returned. Wetzel suspected the cause, and determined to satisfy himself.

On the east side of the creek, and at a point elevated at least sixty feet above the water, there is a capacious cavern; the entrance at that time was almost obscured by a thick growth of vines and foliage. Into this the alluring savage would crawl, and could there have an extensive view of the hill front on the opposite side. From that cavern issued the decoy of death to more than one uncautious soldier and settler. Wetzel knew of the existence and exact locality of the cave, and accordingly started out before day, and by a circuitous route reached the spot in the rear. Posting himself so as to command a view of the opening, he waited patiently for the expected cry. Directly the twisted tuft of an Indian warrior slowly rose in the mouth of the cave, and looking cautiously about, sent forth the long, shrill, peculiar "cry,'' and immediately sank back out of view. Lewis screened himself in his position, cocked his gun, and anxiously awaited a re-appearance of the head. In a few minutes up rose the tuft. Lewis drew a fine aim at the polished hea:d, and the next instant the brains of the savage were scattered about the cave. That turkey troubled the inhabitants no longer, and tradition does not say whether the place was ever aftei; similarly occupied.

DeHass states that this daring borderer was in the habit of visiting the Muskingum valley every fall, on an Indian hunt, and almost invariably went alone. The Indian camps about the forks of the Mdskingun were the most accessible and suffered more, perhaps, from the stealthy raids of this daring hunter than any others. Armed' only with his trusty rifle and hunting knife, he would enter the Indian country and hiding in. thickets and creeping through the woods, would sometimes pass days patiently awaiting an opportunity to fall upon an unprotected and unsuspecting camp of savages.

On one of these visits he came upon a camp of four Indians. Hesitating a moment whether to attack a party so much his superior in numerical strength, he determined to ipake the attempL At the hour of mid-night, when naught washeard but the long dismal howl of the wolf, he moved cautiously from his covert, and gliding' through the darkness, stealthily approached the camp, supporting his rifle in one hand and a tomahawk in the other. A dim flicker from thecamp fire faintly revealed the forms of the Indians, wrapped in profound slumber, which, to part of them, was to know no waking. There they lay, with their dark face's turned up to thenight-sky, in the deep solitude of their own wilderness, little dreaming that their most relentless enemy was hovering over them. Quietly resting his gun against a tree, he unsheathed his knife and with an intrepidity that/ could never be surpassed, stepped boldly forward, like the minister of death, and quick as thought cleft the skull of one of his sleeping victims. In an instant a second one was similarly served, and as a third attempted to rise, confused by the horrid yells with which Wetzel accompanied his blows, he, too, shared the fate of his companions, and sunk dead at the feet of this ruthless slayer. The fourth darted into the darkness of the wood and escaped, although Wetzel pursued him some distance. JReturning to camp, he gcalped his victims, and then left for home. When asked, on his return, what luck, " Not much," he replied : " I treed four Indians, but one got away." This unexampled achievement stamped him..3s one of the most daring, and .at the same time successful hunters of his day. The distance to and from the scene of this adventure could not have been less than 120 miles. '

During one of his scouts, in the neighborhood of Wheeling, Wetzel took shelter, on a stormy evening, in a deserted cabin on the bottom, not far from the former residence of Mr. Hamilton Woods. Gathering a few broken boards he prepared a place in the loft to sleep. Scarcely had he got himself adjusted for a nap, when six Indians entered, and striking a fire, commenced preparing their meal. Wetzel watched their movements closely, with drawn knife, determined the moment he was discovered, to leap in their midst, and in the confusion endeavor to escape. Fortunately, they did not see him, and soon after supper the whole six fell asleep. Wetzel now crawled noiselessly down, and hid himself behind a log, at a convenient distance from the door of the cabin. At early dawn, a tall savage stepped from the door, and in an instant Wetzel had his finger upon the trigger, and the next moment the Indian fell heavily to the ground, his life's blood gushing upon the young grass brilliant with the morning due drops. The report of his rifle had not ceased echoing through the valley ere the daring borderer was far away, secure from all pursuit.

When about twenty-five years of Jage, Wetzel was employed by General Harmar as a scout. While acting in this capacity he shot and killed and Indian chief known as George Washington, a large, fine looking savage, who possessed much influence over his tribe. It was a time of comparative peace, and General Harmar was especially anxious to preserve the good feeling then existing. He justly regarded the act as an outrage, and caused Wetzel to be arrested and placed in close confinement in the fort, heavily ironed. The confinement was extremely gallijig to one accustomed to the freedom of the woods.

Being allowed one day to walk on the point at the mouth of the Muskingum, under a strong guard, he suddenly sprang away from the guards, being determined to risk his life in an attempt to escape. He was nearly a hundred yards away before the guards could recover from their astonishment and fire upon him. They missed their aim; and being more fleet on foot than they, he made his escape to the woods, secreting himself in a dense thicket, two or three miles from the fort. While here a party of soldiers and Indians, sent out by General Harmar in search of him, stood for a time upon the log under which he lay concealed. They did not find him, however, and that night, though still hand-cuffed, he swam the Ohio river and took refuge among his many friends on the Virginia side.

After a time, hearing of his whereabouts, General Harmar sent a squad of men under Captain Kingsbury to the neighborhood of Wheeling with orders to take him dead or alive. Kingsbury found Wetzel at Mingo Bottom, attending a shooting match, but as he was surrounded by a large number of his friends, among whom was Major McMahon, and as these, headed by Wetzel, threatened to annihilate the little squad of soldiers, Kingsbury was pursuaded to return without effecting his object.

As the news of his arrest spread through the settlement where Wetzel was known and loved, the settlers determined to embody and release him by the force of arms. It is said that General Harmar seeing the storm approaching, set Wetzel at liberty.

His short life was full of adventure of the character already mentioned. He was universally regarded as one of the most efficient of the scouts and woodsmen of his day. He frequently accompanied Captain Samuel Brady in his expeditions against the Indians, and was often engaged by parties who desired to hunt up and locate lands, but were afraid of the Indians. Under the protection of Lewis Wetzel, however, they felt safe, and he was thus employed for months at a time.

Among those who became largely interested in western lands was John Madison, brother of James, afterward President Madison. He employed Lewis Wetzel to go with him through the Kanawha region. During the expedition they came upon the deserted camp of a hunter, in which were some concealed goods. Each of them helped himself to a blanket, and that day, in crossing the Kanawha, they were fired upon by a party of Indians and Madison killed.

Wetzel was engaged to accompany the Lewis and Clark expedition to the Rocky mountains, but after traveling with the party three months returned home. Shortly after this he went down the river to Mississippi, on a visit to a relative named Philip Sikes, who lived about twenty miles in the interior from Natchez. Here he remained until the summer of 1808, when he died.

His personal appearance was somewhat remarkable. He was five feet ten inches in height, very erect, broad across the shoulders, an expansive chest, and limbs denoting great muscular strength. His complexion was very daark and eyes of the most intense blackness, emitting, when excited, such fierce and withering glances as to cause the stoutest adversary to quail beneath their power. His hair corresponded with his eyes in color, was very luxuriant and reached, when combed out, below his knees. The length of his hair was his greates't peculiarity, and when seen running or stealthily passing through the woods, gave him the appearance of a wild man. No wonder he became a terror to the Indians; he could outrun their fleetest warriors, his gun seemed to be always loaded and he made every shot count, rarely missing his aim ; they never safe from his vengeance, even in their own camp, hundreds of miles from any white settlement. They could not lay down to sleep about their camp fires without the thought that Lewis Wetzel might be among them before morning, 'with his terrible tomahawk and scalping knife.

Captain Samuel Brady was one of the many distinguished characters that figured prominently in western history. He made himself pre-eminently conspicuous in the defense and protection of the early-time settlements on the western frontiers. The traditionary tales and legendary stories current among the border settlers connected his name with numerous daring adventures and' gallant exploits. The unwritten history of the we^t, with more truth than fiction, coupled his name with many heroic achievements - with many a valorous deed. Few leaders, during the " heroic age on our western borders," could inspire his brave followers with more hope, courage and enthusiasm than Captain Brady. Few border chieftains commanded public confidence to a larger extent, or secured a readier, more cheerful or more confident following than he. His name, in his generation, was the synonym of courage, skill, daring, energy, perseverance, success. And probably few men that were prominent actors on the fiery theater of war, on which was waged the bloody contest for supremacy between barbarism and civilization, better deserved the well-merited reputation he had acquired than Captain Brady. The annals of western border warfare, which record the heroic achievements of those who par, ticipated therein, present the names of very few men, indeed, who bore a more conspicuously gallant part in said warfare ; and none whose memory better deserves to be cherished by posterity than Captain Brady's.

In an address delivered by the late Rev. C. Springer, before the Licking County Pioneer Society, July 4, 1867, he gave an account of an expedition up the Walhonding, or White Woman, from its mouth to Owl creek, or Vernon river, and up the latter stream, and thence down the Licking and Muskingum rivers, which was under the command of Captain Samuel Brady. Mr. Springer was a venerable pioneer whose removal to the Muskingum valley dates back to the early years of the century, and he gave the history of this expedition as obtained from several reputable gentlemen with whom he had been personally well acquainted for many years, and who had been themselves members of said expedition.

Mr. Springer stated that he took a special interest in the campaign, when its history was first given him ; its incidents, he said, deeply impressed thejnselves upon his memory. The narrative may therefore be considered altogether reliable ;

For the facts presented in the following historical sketch, as well as for the language in which they are related, credit is due and is hereby given to the late Eev. C. Springer, author of the address from which they are taken :

Not long before the defeat of the Indians at the battle of the " Fallen Timbers,'' on the banks of the Maumee, in August, 1794, by General Wayne, Captain Samuel Bradj^'of border fame, with a scouting party principally from the " Monongahela country," crossed the Ohio river at Wheeling for the purpose of ascertaining the condition of the Indians, and giving ar^noyance in turn to such small hunting or marauding parties as might fall in their way. They directed their course to the " Forks of the Muskingum," passed up the White Woman and Walhonding creeks, thence up Owl creek or Vernon river, from its mouth up said stream some twenty miles or more; then passed over to the head waters of the Licking, and down it to the " Falls," four miles west of its mouth, now Zanesville. As none of the party had ever been there before, they supposed they were at the "JFalls of Hocking," of which they had often heard.

As game was remarkably plenty, and having to procure their subsistence from the forest, the company concluded to make a temporary stay at this place, and having struck up a fire, most of them turned out to hunt, and procure such wild meats as were necessary for their comfort. Near evening all had returned to their camp-fire except Jonathan Evans. After waiting for some time in great suspense, they gave their usual signal for lost persons - by firing guns - but there was no response from Evans. As they had that day seen fresh Indian signs, they entertained no doubt but that these had captured Jonathan; and fearing an attack themselves, they left their fires and passed back of the hill, immediately southeast of Dillon's old furnace, where they remained concealed during the night. In the morning they resumed their march down the Licking, and soon reached the Falls of the Muskingum, now Zanesville. Some of the expedition having been there before, Ihey understood their whereabouts.

As they had determined to visit the Marietta settlement before tlieir return home, they started down the river, and before going very far below the Falls, to their great astonishment and greater pleasure, they met Jonathan Evans, who was moving up the river for the purpose of rejoining the expedition. The joy on meeting Jonathan, who they apprehended had been captured by the Indians, was great indeed. Having got lost the day before, he lay all night on the banks of a creek the Indians called Moxahala, which empties into the Muskingum river two or three miles below the Falls. The Moxahala has, ever since Jonathan Evans lodged upon its banks, as above related, been generally called Jonathan's creek, in memory of the lost man of Brady's expedition. In the morning, after lodging on the banks of the Moxahala, he followed ' the creek to its mouth, and seeing no signs of the expedition having passed down, he moved up the river in search of his comrads, when he met them, as above detailed.

In the summer of 1813, the Eev. Cornelius Springer was passing the " Falls of Licking," in company with a Mr. Simms (his neighbor), who was a member of the expedition, and the conversation naturally turned upon the foregoing events, that being the point where the Brady expedition passed the night, after Jonathan Evans had strayed away from them unintentionally, and passed the night on the Moxahala, " solitary and alone.'' After Mr. Simms had circumstantially related the history of the expedition, particularly as it related to Jonathan Evans, his subsequent history was inquired into. In answer, Mr. Simms stated that, many years before, Jonathan had moved down the Ohio river and located at some point unknown, and that he had heard nothing from him since his removal.

Iia 1817, the writer of this sketch was engaged as an itinerent minister on a circuit which extended many miles along the Ohio river, between the Scioto and Hockhocking. In the course of his ministrations he found Jonathan Evans, who was then a member of one of his congregations, hving five miles above "Letart Falls," on the Ohio river, and the head of a large family, a Christian and a class leader in the Methodist church. It was by mere accident, Mr. Springer says, that he discovered Mr. Evans to be the Jonathan Evans of the Brady expedition. On invitation he spent an evening with him, enjoying his hospitahty. He was rather taciturn and his guest was therefore compelled to lead in the conversation. In answer to the question as to whether he had ever been up the Muskingum valley, he stated that he "passed through it when it was a wilderness. It at once occurred to Mr. S. that he had probably found the man also who gave name to the ci'eek once palled Moxahala. " Are you not the man for whom ' Jonathan creek,' a tributary of the Muskingum, was named ?" was the next question put to him, and he smilingly replied in the affirmative, and proceeded to give an account of his wanderings from the time he left the camp-fire at the " Falls -of Licking," until he rejoined his companions next day, near the " Falls of the Muskingum." As the Eev. Mr. Springer had spent his boyhood near " Jonathan creek," he was well acquainted with the localities that witnessed that day's wanderings and travels of Jonathan Evans, and knew familiarly the point or bluff on which he spent the night, amidst the hideous bowlings of wolves, as he said ; he was therefore able to trace him as he moved from point to point along his entire line of travels, while away from his comrades of the expedition. These circumstances and facts all tended very much to give increased zest to their highly interesting interview.

Captain Brady while on this expedition, it is said, gave name to the Bowling Green, on the Licking, four miles below Newark. He had seen a place of similar appearance, to this locality, somewhere, perhaps in Virginia, hence he gave the same name to the beautiful and extensive prairie on the Licking, a-nd which it has borne ever since.

The same expedition gave to "Duncan's Palls " its name. After Jonathan Evans had rejoined the expedition, having now less apprehension of the Indians, the men took time to construct canoes in which to descend the Muskingum to its mouth. An Irishman named Duncan, in passing over the rapids or falls in the Muskingum, ten miles below the mouth of the Licking, (now Zanesville,) by some mishap to his canoe, probably striking a rock, was plunged into the river.

One more incident of this. expedition: When it had reached a point about half way to the mouth of the Muskingum, from the mouth of the Licking, it was deemed advisable to come to anchor, and take to the forest for game, their supply of provisions having been nearly exhausted. Their first day's quest for game, not having been entirely successful, they encamped at night on WoU c^eek, where, after having fallen asleep, a large tree fell near their camp, with a tremendous crash. All thought it was probably a sudden and overpowering attack by Indians; at any rate being thus suddenly aroused from their slumbers, by such a sudden and fearful noise as the falling of a large tree would produce, it was a matter of course that great excitement and trepidation should immediately prevail in their camp. The temporary confusion and alarm that existed around that camp-fire on Wolf creek, among the hunters, soldiers, frontiersmen, and adventurers of Captain Brady's expedition, naturally enough, led to a good deal of merriment afterward among themselves, when detailing circumstantially, the effects produced upon each and every one of the occupants of the camp on Wolf creek. The talents of the doggerel rhymster, even, were called into requisition, in order to give full effect, to descriptions of scenes, real and imaginary, that were witnessed on that memorable night on Wolf creek. Captain Brady's men being not only the witnesses but also the victims.

The expedition under consideration was probably disbanded or dispersed, at or soon after leaving the mouth of the Muskingum, most of them, however, likely went up the Ohio in their canoes to Wheeling, and there dispersed.

As has been stated, Eev. C. Springer, on accredited authority, was the historian of the Brady expedition, as above , narrated. And it is eminently proper to say that his facts are given on the authority of four creditable actors in the expedition, whose history is given. These were Jonathan Evans and three of his neighbors named Simms, Hamilton and Darrah, for whose veracity he vouches.

Samuel Brady, was born at Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, in 1756. His father, John Brady, was made a captain in the colonial army, for his services in the old French and Indian wars. The historian, DeHass, to whom we are indebted for many of the incidents in the life of Captain Brady here presented, says that at an early day Capt. John Brady, with his family, moved to the Susquehanna,

On the breaking out of the Revolution, Samuel Brady joined a volunteer company and marched to Boston. The patriotic fervor of the youth prompted the commander to offer young Brady a commission, but his father objected, thinking he was too young, saying : " First let him learn the duties of a soldier, and then he will better know how to act as an officer."

But the gallant y Cling soldier's patriotism and ability were soon recognized. On the 17th of July, 1776, he received a lieutenant's commission, and bore himself gallantly through most of the principal battles until after the engagement at Monmouth, when he was promoted (in 1779) to a brevet captaincy, and ordered to the West for duty under Col. Brodhead. His father, in 1776, had accepted a captaincy in the 12th Pennsylvania regiment, had been badly wounded at the battle of Brandywine, and was then at home. Whilst there Captain Brady heard of his brother's death, who had been murdered by the Indians on the 9lh of August, 1778. Pie remained at home until 1779, and then rejnined his regiment at Pittsburgh. During the same year his father was murdered by the Indians ; and then it was that our hero swore vengeance against the whole race. Terribly, too, did he keep that vow.

In 1781, Col. Brodhead sent Captain Brady on a secret mission (accompanied by John Williamson and one of the Wetzels) to some western Indian towns to ascertain their strength and resources. On this expedition they reached the Indian town at Upper Sandusky, from which it was found expedient to make a prompt retreat. The restoration to their friends of a woman and her child, who had been captured by some Indians, one or more of whom Captain Brady killed, was one of the results of this movement.

alarming, that it was thought advisable to retaliate upon them the injuries of war, and carry into the country occupied by them, the same methods that they practiced toward the white settlements. For this purpose an adequate force was raised and placed under the immediate command of Col. Brodhead, the command of the advance guard of which was confided to Captain Brady.

The force proceeded up the Allegheny river, and had arrived near the Redbank creek, now known by the name of " Brady's Bend," without encountering an enemy. Brady and his rangers were some distance in front of the main body,«B their duty required, when they suddenly discovered a war party of Indians approaching them. Relying on the strength of the main body, and if« ability to force the Indians to retreat, and anticipating, as Napoleon did in the battle with the Mamelukes, that when driven back they would return by the same route they had advanced on, Brady permitted them to proceed without hindrance, and hastened to seize a narrow pasSr higher up the river, where the rocks, nearly perpendicular, approached the river, and a few determined men might successfully combat superior numbers. Soon the Indians encountered the main body under Brodhead, and, as Brady anticipated, were driven back. In full and swift retreat they pressed on to gain the pass between the rocks and the river, but it was occupied by Brady and his rangers, who failed not to pour into their flying columns a most destructive fire. Many were killed on the bank, and many more in the stream. Cornplanter, afterward the distinguished chief of the Seneoas, but then a young man, saved him-, self by swimming.

The celebrated war-chief of tliis tribe, Bald- Eagle, was of the number slain on this occasion. After destroying all the Indians' corn, the army returned to Pittsburgh.

Another movement up the Allegheny river, of which Captain Brady was the master mind, was successful, the details of which are given by De Hass.

Beaver Valley was the scene of many of Captain Brady's stirring adventures. Many interesl^ ing localities are there pointed out as Brady's theater of action, and which were witnesses- of many of his thrilling exploits, and of his daring

The following, illustrative of Brady's adventures in the region referred to, we give from a published source : In one of his trapping and hunting excursions, he was surprised and taken prisoner by a party of Indians who had closely watched his movements. To have shot or tomahawked and scalped him would have been but a small gratification to that of satiating their revenge by burning him at a slow fire, in presence of all the Indians of their village. He was therefore taken alive to their encampment, on the west bank of -the Beaver river, about a mile and a half above where it empties into the Ohio river.

After the usual exultations and rejoicings at the capture of a noted enemy, and causing, him to run the gauntlet, a fire was prepared, near which Brady was placed, after being stripped and with his arms unbound. Previous to tying him to the stake, a large circle was formed around him of Indian men, women and children, dancing and yelling, and uttering all manner of threats and abuses that their limited k^iowledge of the English language afibrded. The prisoner looked on these preparations for death, and on his savage foe with a firm countenance and a steady eye, meeting all their threats with truly savage fortitude. In the midst of their dancing and rejoicing a squaw of one of their chiefs came near him with a child in her arms. Quick as thought, and with intuitive prescience, he snatched it from het and threw it into the midst of the flames. Horrorstricken at the sudden outrage, the Indians simultaneously rushed to rescue the infant from the fire. In the midst of this confusion, Brady darted from the circle, overturning all that came in his way, and rushed into- the adjacent thicket, with the Indians yelling at his heels. He ascended the steep side of a hill amidst a shower of bullets, and, darting down the opposite declivity, secreted himself in the deep ravines and laurel thickets that abounded for several miles to the west.

On one of Captain Brady's scouting expeditions Into the Indian country, with sixteen scouts or spies, they encamped one night at a place called

" Big Shell Camp." Toward morning one of the guard heard the report of a gun, and immediately communicating the fact to his commander, a change of position was ordered. Leading his men to an elevated point, the Indian camp was discovered almost beneath them. Cautiously advancing toward their camp, six Indians were discovered standing around the fire, while several others lay upon the ground, apparently asleep. Brady ordered his men to wrap themselves in their blankets and lie down, while he kept watch. Two hours were thus passed without anything material occurring. As day began to appear Brady roused his men and posted them side by side, himself at the end of the line. When all were in readiness the commander was to touch, ,with his elbow, the man who stood next to him, and the communication was to pass successively to the farthest end. The orders then were that the moment the last man was touched he should fire, which was to be the signal for a general discharge. With the first faint ray of light six Indians arose and stood around the fire. With breathless expectation, the whites waited for the remainder to rise, but failing, and apprehending a discovery, the captain moved his elbow, and the next instant the wild woods rang with the shrill report of the rifles of the spies. Five of the six Indians fell dead, but the sixth, screened by a tree, escaped. The camp being large, it "jvas deemed unsafe to attack it further, and a retreat was immediately ordered.

Soon after the above occurrence, says DeHass, in returning from a similar expedition, and when about two miles from the mouth of Yellow creek, at a place admirably adapted for an ambuscade, a solitary Indian stepped forward and fired upon Brady's scouts. Instantly, on firing, he retreated toward a deep ravine, into which the savage hoped to lead his pursuers. But Brady detected the trick, and in a voice of thunder ordered his men to tree. No sooner had this been done, than the concealed foe rushed forth in great numbers, and opened upon the whites a perfect storm of leaden hail. The brave spies returned the fire with spirit and effect; but as they were likely to be overpowered by superior numbers, a retreat was ordered to the top of the hill, and thence continued until out of danger.

In Howe's Historical Collection, Captain Brady is cha:racterized as the Daniel Boone of the northeast part of the valley of the Ohio. About the year 1780, a party of warriors from the Cuyahoga Falls made an inroad into what is now Washing, ton county, Pennsylvania, and murdered several families and robbed others, and, with their " plunder," had recrossed the Ohio river. Brady promptly raised a force of his chosen followers' and started in pursuit of the niurderers, but were, however, unable to overtake them before reaching their villages, which were situated in the present county of Summit. Brady and his scouts arrived in the vicinitj' of their towns, but were discovered, and by overwhelming numbers compelled to retreat. Brady directed bis men to separate and each take care of himself, regarding that the better way. A large force of the Indians, knowing Captain Brady, pursued him, and abandoned the chase after his men. The Cuyahoga, says Howe, here makes a wide bend to the south, including a large tract of several miles of surface, in the form of a peninsula. Within this tract the pursuit was hotly contested. The Indians, by extending their line to the right and left, forced him on the bank of the stream. Brady, knowing the locality, directed his course to the river, at a point where it is compressed by the rocky cliffs into a narrow channel of only twentytwo feet across the top of the chasm, but consid- more near the water, the rocks approaching each other at the top to within the distance nanied, at a height of forty feet or more above the bed of the river. Being so hemmed in by the Indians that he saw no way of escape elsewhere, concentrated all his powers, and made the leap successfully, and escaped. The place is still known as "Brady's Leap." The Indians kept up the pursuit, and Captain Brady made for a pond, and plunging in, swam under water some dis. tance, and found a hiding place at th^ trunk of a large tree which had fallen into it. And this is -called " Brady's Pond " to the present day. It is in Portage county, near Franklin mills.

was at this time at Chartier's creek), as did also his men. Some authority made him at one time a resident of Wellsburg, Brooke county, now West Virginia, and represented him as tall, rather slender, and very active, and of a dark complexion.

Captain Samuel Brady married a daughter, (says DeHass), of Captain Swearengen, of Ohio county, Virginia, who bore him two children, both sons, named John and Van S.

Such was Brady, the bold leader of the spies, on our western frontiers. He died, sa3's the author of the "History of the Pan-Handle Counties," at West Liberty, Ohio county. West Virginia, in the year 1800, and was buried in the cemetery at that place ; a smaU stone marks his grave.