Defiance County, Ohio - Town Site Vagaeies-Joelnny Appleseed-Pioneee Home-Pioneer Wedding-Nayi, 1883 (part 1 of 2)

Gating The Maumee-First County Fair-The Hebrews-Table Of Town Site Vagabies

THE tnwB of Defiance itself has never been the theater of wild speculation in real estate. The lots were held high and sold only as wanted by actual settlers. During the time the location of the canals was discussed and an open question in this vicinity, and dependant upon that issue, the town-site speculation was somewhat rife and several efforts made to raise the wind from corner lots and wharfage ground. As, for instance, when it was proposed to lock the Miami Canal into the Auglaize River and the Wabash into the Maumee at the head of the slack- water, and use the broad sheet of water made by the slack- water as a commercial basin, John Hollister, who then owned the Lewis bottom, opposite Defiance to the east, platted a city named " East Defiance " on a large scale, designing his town for the* business point. The location of the canal the next year on the high level dispelled his fond hopes, and the tine bottom has since been vigorously worked for wheat and corn and few know the glories in design for it. HoUister's agent to make ready for the platting, summarily dispossessed a tenant for years, which resulted in a law suit (Braucher vs. Hollister) which has been disposed in the State Supreme Court only within a few years.

During the same unsettled times, speculators imagined, or had reason to expect, that the junction of the canals would be made on the high grounds, just above Dafiance, and an extensive snrvey of lots was made there, covering a quarter section and extending along the Maumee some distance and back toward where Hudson's lock now is, comprising the property known as " beeswax." The Evanses and Taylor Webster were the managers of this job. The town was named "West Defiance," and has in every particular entirely been lost sight of.

The town of " North Defiance" was about the same time laid out, a part of which is yet upon the duplicate. This is on the north side of the Maumee and just above the railroad.

Brunersburg, on^the Tiffin River, and two miles above Defiance, about those days - say from 1830 to 1840 - was an ambitious rival to Defiance. The only grist mill in Northwestern Ohio was located there, and being also at the head of the proposed slack- water, great anticipations promised a happy and prosperous future to several daring operators in real estate and mill property. A second dam was built and power for grist and other mills offered ; a steamboat built, bridges erected, and the lands on either side of Tiffin River for miles platted into prospective Detroits, Lowells and Manchesters. The speculators failed, leaving laborers and farmers much the losers, the steamboat in a freshet and ice-jam went over the rapids and could not be brought back, and scarcely a vestige remains of the grand things then under way.

The toll bridge fell years ago, the Mudgett dam yet remains only as an obstruction to canal boats and pirogue navigation. Lowell, with its thousand lots and streets with higli sounding names, has been long since vacated and turned out to incipient hoop-poles. Detroit (save a half dozen lots) likewise; even the town of Brunersburg has been sadly encroached on by the meadows and corn-fields, and the wild vagaries of commercial and manufacturing greatness then entertained are only now spoken of as a jest. More money was wasted in the vicinity of Brunersburg about that time in these wild speculations than at any other point on the Maumee above the foot of the Rapids. Brunersburg is now only known as the location of an excellent grist mill and the residence of a few mechanics.

T^he air was at one time beaten with a project to found a great city on the Maumee at the mouth of Tiffin River (Bean Creek), about one mile above Defiance, but as the elder Phillips owned the land at the confluence, and was opposed to the speculation as likely to injui-e Defiance, of which he was the proprietor, and also to speculation generally, his land could not ^^e bought or he induced to take an interest, and the design failed. This city would have been directly opposite " West Defiance," above noted. And as a part of the wind in its sails was a side-cut into the Maumee from the canal, to enter the river directly opposite the mouth of the Tiffin. That river was then to be slack- watered and improved to Evansport, and possibly to Lockport, for which purpose we believe a company was at one time formed and aid sought from the State. This prospective im- provement also gave rise to a dozen or more paper towns along the banks of Bean Creek, all which, even the names, are now clean gone out of mind.

The dam to make the slack- water was located four miles below Defiance, and imaginative minds supposed that this would afford immense water power. The town-site speculators could not let so favorable a chance escape, and an extensive city was platted comprising over a thousand lots. All that now remains is the small village of Independence.

River fractions along the slack-water of a few feet width were in those balmy days held at fabulous prices. Now they have scarcely any value at all, and some of them, on account of the washing of the banks, no existence. That kind of speculative property is now, therefore, entirely out of market.

A Philadelphia company, in the days of speculation, bought a large tract of land on the Auglaize about four miles above Defiance, and spent a large amount of money. Their plan comprehended mills and a manufacturing town. A dam was coiistructed and also a saw mill to furnish lumber for further improvements. In 1840, the project was abandoned, as thousands of other similar schemes were about those days, for want of money. The mill frame has rotted down and the substantial dam is mostly there yet, though a rift was made in it for the benefit of the pirogue trade between Blanchard and Defiance. The heavy double log cabins, built for boarding houses, for years afforded free tenements to squatters, and the acres of sawed logs rotted on the banks. The property is now all comprehended in the farms of Nathan Shirley and William H. Dils. Dr. Dewees, the manager of the company, was in early days a conspicuous character in this section, and hundreds of our now old men tell of the hard days' work put in thirty or forty years ago under his superintendence in the river and on their adjacent lands.

Jonathan Chapman, better known as Johnny Appleseed, was born in Boston, Mass., A. D. 1773. He had imbibed a remarkable passion for the rearing and cultivation of apple trees from the seed. He first made his appeai-ance in AVestern Pennsylvania abou the yeaa- 1800, and from thence made his way into Ohio, keeping on the outskirts of the settlements, and following his favorite pursuit. He was accustomed to cleai- spots in the loamy lands on the bank of the steams, plant his seeds, inclose the ground, and then leave the place until the trees had in a measure grown.

When the settlers began to flock in and open their " clearings," Johnny was ready for them with his young trees. From those who were in good circumstances he would receive their money, from others he would take their notes or exchange for some article of clothing or any other article of which he could make use, and to the poor and hopeless and helpless he would give without money and without price.

About the year A. D. 1828, he started a nursery in this county. Defiance, at the mouth of TifBn River, about one mile above Defiance, on lands now owned by Charles Krotz, by sowing the seed. The young trees to the number of several thousand, in a year or two after, he took up and set out again on a piece of cleared land opposite Snaketown (now Florida) where they remained until sold out by a resident agent.

Thomas Warren, Nathan Shirley, Lewis Platter and Samuel Hughs, of Delaware Township, set out orchards from this nursery. Most of the early orchards on the Maumee and Auglaize bottoms in Defiance, Paulding and Henry Counties were started from Johnny Appleseed's^ nursery. He had another nursery at Mount Blanchard, Hancock County, and others at Port Waj ne, Ind. He gathered most of his seed from cider presses in AVestern Pennsylvania, and thus he continued his business for many years, until the whole country was in a measure settled and supplied with apple trees, deriving self-satisfaction amounting almost to delight, in the indulgence of his engrossing passion.

His personal appearance was as singular as his character. He was a small " chunked " man, quick and restless in his motions and conversation; his beard and hair were long and dark, and his eye black and sparkling. He lived the roughest life, and often slept in the woods. His clothing was mostly old, "being given him in exchange for apple trees. He went bare-footed and often traveled miles through the snow in that way. " In doctrine he was a follower of Swedenborg, leading a moral, blameless life, likening himself to the primitive Christians, literally taking no thought of the morrow. Wherever he went, he circulated Swedenborgian works, and if short of them would tear a book in two and give each part to different persons. He was careful not to injure any animal, and thought hunting morally wrong. He was welcome everywhere among the settlers, and treated with great kindness even by the Indians. We give a few anecdotes illustrative of his character and eccentricities. On one cool, autumnal night, while lying by his camp-fire in the woods, he observed that the mosquitoes flew into the blaze and were burnt. Johnny, who wore on his head a tin utensil which answered both as a cap and a mush pot, filled it with water and quenched the fire, and afterward remarked, " God forbid that I should build a fire for my comfort that should be the means of destroying any of His creatures." Another time he made his camp fire at the end of a hollow log in which he intended to pass the night, but finding it occupied by a bear and her cubs, he removed his fire to the other end, and slept on the snow in the open air, rather than to disturb the bear. He was one morning in a prairie and was bitten by a rattlesnake. Some time after a friend inquired of him about the matter. He drew a long sigh, and replied, " Poor fellow! he only just touched me, when I in an ungodly passion put the heel of my scythe on him and went home. Some time after I went there for ray scythe, and there lay ihe poor fellow dead. " He bought a coffee-bag, made a hole in the bottom, through which he thrust his head and wore it as a cloak, saying it was as good as anything. He died at the house of William Worth, in St. Joseph Township, Allen County, Ind., March 11, 1845, and was buried there, aged seventy two years.

The advance of this county was necessarily slow for the forests were gigantic. Almost the whole surface was covered with trees of the largest size. The labor and patience that have been expended in felling these trees and preparing the fields for the plow, the reaper and the mower, will never be appreciated except by those who have performed the labor, or seen its slow progress. Years of this toil have been already expended, and the work is yet far from being completed. The first habitations of the people were log cabins; not such a log cabin as was seen on the Centennial grounds, where the roof was of pine shingles nailed on, the gutter of pine boards' and the doors neatly made, and the windows filled with sash full of glass. The cabins of our pioneers" were made of round logs, cut only at the corners, their roofs of clapboards as they were split from the tree, held to their places by poles built into the end logs. The openings for doors and windows were not closed except at night, and then by a quilt or skin. The fire-place was built of logs and the chimney of sticks, all lined with clay, the whole chinked, that is, the cracks between the logs filled in with wood daubed with clay. Such a house was built by the neighbors gathering together, and was often finished in a day. The floors were of puncheon, split from trees. When all was done, a 'puncheon scouring took place. The young people and old gathered at the house for a dance, if a fiddle could be procured, and, with more relish than at a modern ball, they danced all night in this new cabin.

A Wedding In Pioneeb Times

A wedding engaged then as now the attention of the whole neighborhood, and the frolic was anticipated by oil and young with eager expectation. In the morning the groom and his attendants started from his father's house to reach the bride's before noon, for the wedding by the inexorable law of fashion, must take place before dinner. There were no tailors or mantua-makers in those days. The men dressed in shoepacks, moccasins, and leather breeches, leggings, linsey-woolsey or buckskin hunting shirts, all home made. The women were dressed in linsey petticoats, and linsey or linen gowns, coarse shoes, stockings, handkerchiefs and buckskin gloves, if any. If there was jewelry, it was the relic of old times. The horses (for all came on horseback), were caparisoned with old saddles, old bridles or halters, pack Saddles, with blankets thrown over them; and a rope or a string for girth or reins as often as leather. They formed a procession as well as they could along the narrow roads. Sometimes an ambuscade of mischievous young men was formed, who fii-ed off their guns and frightened the horses and caused the girls to shriek. A race for the bottle took place by two or more of the young men racing over this rough road to the bride's house, the victor to receive a bottle of whisky, which he bore back in triumph, and passed it along the procession for each one to take a drink in turn. Then came, the arrival at the bride's house, the ceremony, the dinner and the dance, all conducted with the greatest fan and frolic till morning.

Sometimes those who were not invited would revenge themselves by cutting off the mane, foretop and tails of the horses of the wedding party. The logrolling, harvesting and husking bees for the men and the quilting and apple-butter making for the women, furnished frequent occasions for social intercourse, and gave ample opportunity for any neighborhood to know and appreciate the good and bad qualities of each other. The rifle-shooting was a pastime which men loved, as it gave them an opportunity of testing their skill with the necessary weapons of defense, and means often- of subsistence. When a beef was the prize, it was divided into six quarters, by this queer arrangement: The two hindquarters were the highest prizes, the two forequarters the next, the hide and tallow the fifth, and the lead shot into the mark was the sixth.

Navigating The Maumee

When the new settlers on the Maumee raised a surplus of grain it was sometimes shipped down the Maumee Eiver in pirogues. Dr. John Evans, who was engaged in trade at Defiance at that time had taken in quite an amount of corn, which he concluded to ship, and hived Thomas Warren, Isaac Perkins and James Shirley to ship it to market. It was loaded into a pirogue and started down the river, arriving at the head of the rapids (Providence) where they landed for a rest. Eighteen miles of rapid current and intricate channels were before them. None of them knew the channels and rock; neither of them had ever passed over the rapids, and in prospect was not a pleasant ride; after this short rest they moved on and into the whirling rapids through which they passed in safety, and in due time arrived at Maumee City, where they sold their corn for 50 cents per bushel to Col. Joha E. Hunt. The measure upon unloading overrun twelve bushels, caused by the plashing of the water in the rapids, which swelled the corn. This the boatmen claimed, giving them $2 each, which they proposed to expend on their home journey in high living. Being now ready to return, Mr. Thomas Garrett, a blacksmith, was on his way to Defiance to locate, and proposed to take passage with them. He treated the boys and thanked them from being thus relieved from the journey on foot. They now had to run the river against the current, and they made but six miles the first day, with the aid of Mr. Garrett (their passenger), who towed manfully on the cordelle. Next morning, Mr. Garrett again treated the boys, thanked them for their kindness, but proposed to continue his journey on foot.

The first annual fair of the Agricultural Society for this county was held October 7 and 8, 1851. The cattle, horses, hogs, fowls, etc., were on exhibition in a lot owned by Dr. Colby, on the north side of the Maumee River. The fruit and other articles were arranged for inspection in the court house. William C. Holgate was Secretary.

The Jewish nation is represented in Defiance County by about fifty-seven souls, independent of the class denominated "roving Jews." Of the adult portion of resident Jews of the county, there are twentyseven males, and twelve families, with eighteen children under thirteen years of age. The most of these live in Defiance. Thirteen, however, live in Hicksville.

The Jews commenced their history in this county with the Wirtheimer family, followed by Kittner, Kugle and Levya; afterward Gins burg and family settled here. The families mentioned above, and others perhaps, are classed among our best citizens. They are well thought of by the Gentile brethren, and fraternize freely with other classes of citizens irrespective of religious opinions. In their religious beliefs, they are firm, and we might say strict, in the observance of all rules and ceremonies pertaining t j their ancient religion. In addition to their religious organization, they have a Hebrew relief association. The officers of this society are H. H. Ginsburg, President; A. Schlossburg, Vice President; M. Kittner, Treasurer, and A. Rosenbaum, Secretary. This association was called into being here by the shameful outrages perpetrated by the Russian Government upon the defenseless Jews, and has for its object the relief of the persecuted brethren in that country. The religious congregation, while it meets for religious purposes only, is not observed with that faithfulness, perhaps, which is characteristic of this people in large cities where the congregations are larger, and where they have their own synagogue or building for worship. Here they meet but twice a year, except in case of a death or a marriage or an occasion of that nature. The first meeting is that of Jewish New Year, which usually comes in the latter part of September or the first of October. The second meeting is that of the day of atonement, which is commonly known as the long day, and occurs one week after the New Year. This day being a fast day is usually observed by the most liberal of the Hebrews. For these two occasions referred to they generally bring here a regular Rabbi, or minister. They also hold religious meetings at weddings and deaths. At all religious meetings it requires the attendance of at least tea males over thirteen years of age. Their meetings are presided over in the absence of a Rabbi by a senior member, and as Mr. Joseph Kugle is the oldest member here, this gentleman is chosen by common consent for this office. The Jewish women, not unlike their Gentile sisters, are the most religious of the two sexes. Inasmuch as their mode of worship like their race is the most ancient, their services are always conducted in the Hebrew language, of which all members are readers.

Ohaptee Xyiii The Mexican War

A COMPANY was raised for the Mexican war, in the Maumee Valley, known as Company B, Fifteenth Regiment United States Infantry. This regiment was familiarly known as " New Eegulars," and was mustered out at the close of the war. The commissioned officers of Company B, appointed by the President, were Daniel Chase, of Manhattan, Captain; Goodloe, First Lieutenant, and J. W.

Wiley, of Defiance, Second Lieutenant. Wiley was court marshaled and dismissed from the service for fighting a duel with a brother officer in Mexico. He went thence to Olympia, in Washington Territory, where he published a paper for several years, but is now dead. Goodloe was killed in battle. The Captain returned home. The company participated in all the battles about the City of Mexico, and suffered terribly in killed and wounded, quite a number also dying in hospital.

We are not able to furnish a roll of the men enlisted, but we here give, from the files of the Defiance Democrat, of March 9, 1848, a list of deaths.

The following is an extract from a letter of Lieut. James W. Wiley, in which he makes honorable mention of officers and soldiers who went from the Maumee Valley:

" I take this occasion to remark that the Defiance and Williams County boys deserve particular notice for the gallant manner in which thej acted in every action. All that were able wore always present, and there has never been an instance that has come to my knowledge of one of them flinching. Sergt. John Davis and Sergt. Maybe deserve particular mention the former loading and firing more shots at Churubusco than any other member of the company, cheering up and encouraging his comrades, etc.; and the latter for his deliberate coolness and gallantry throughout the action. He was shot through the hand while carrying an order from Capt. Chase to a portion of the men, to have them cease firing, which entirely disabled it. Corp. John Daly, James Skean, David Robinson Sanford W. Smith, William Strain, James Black and others, deserve much praise for the manner in which they conducted themselves. Mr. Jason Dame was on detached service at the time of the battle of Ohurubusoo, and was not in that action, but at Chapultepec he distinguished himself for his bravery and good conduct. In fact, the whole company, with one or two exceptions, did their duty manfully, and I think the list of killed and wounded will show that they were not slow in walking up to the work, as we were the second company on the list in our regiment in point of loss.

" It now becomes my painful duty to rehearse the casualties which have happened to the brave little band I enlisted at Defiance, including, also, those who went to Toledo and joined the service there. Thomas Marks died at the close of the second day's march, and the next evening, while the companies were di-illing, exercising in loading and firing, George Slough was struck in the leg with a ball, from the effects of which he died with the lockjaw at

Perote. Jacob Smith, of Williams County, and Noble Robinson, from Evansport, were both attacked with diarrhoea on the march, and were left at the hospital at Perote - both since died. At Puebla, Mr. McMillan, from Williams County, died from the effects of a violent fever. On leaving Puebla, there were detained in the hospital at that place, Corp. Rogers, Corp. Garrison (brother-in-law to Henry Brubacher), Simon Smith, of Williams County, Anson Strever, of the same county, and Dutch Charley, or Charles Tuber. C. G. Andrews was killed by a posse of Mexican lancers while engaged with Joseph Clark in caring for a wounded comrade; Clark was badly cut up by the lancers, being badly wounded in the hand, arm and head; was left for dead, but came to and was picked up and conveyed to his regiment, where he partly recovered from his wounds, but was attacked with diarrhcea, which terminated his existence, and, in a few days afterward, James Skeen died with the same disease. Om- Orderly Sergeant, Mace, was left sick at Vera Cruz, and Sergt. Ward at Puebla; neither of whom have yet arrived."

Ohaptee Xix The Call For Troops

AT a meeting of the citizens of Defiance, held at the court house on the evening of April 16,1861, in pursuance of a call made by many of the leading citizens of the town, S, S. Sprague was chosen chairman and S. A. Strong, Secretary. The chair briefly stated the object for which the meeting was called.

On motion, a committee of three was appointed by the chair to draft resolutions expressive of the sentiments of the meeting. E. H. Leland, Dr. Perry and J. P. Bufiington were appointed as the committee.

Dr. Paul, William A. Brown, T. Fitzpatrick, E. H. Leland, Dr. Ruhl and others addi-essed the meeting in stirring and patiotic remarks. The Committee on Resolutions, through their chairman, reported the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted:

Resolved, That we view the recent attack upon the National flag at Fort Sumter, while the Government was engaged in the peacable and necessary duty of supplying our soldiers with provisions, as one of the most abominable of crimes - a crime against the Government and a direct and unpardonable insult to every loyal citizen of the United States.

Resolved, That the treasonable band of conspirators who are organized under the name of Confederate States, have by their crimes against the Government extending through a series of years, and finally culminating in frequent overt acts of treason, forfeited all the political rights which they have heretofore enjoyed. That they are entitled to no respect or consideration from the civilized world, and by the exercise of all power of men or money, it has become necessary to inflict upon them the just and speedy pimishment which their crimes deserve.

Resolved, That to such an extent has treason been permitted to walk abroad, unpunished in our land, that it has now become a question of self-preservation; and all party feelings, and all party issues as heretofore existing should be entirely lost sight of ; and until the question of the preservation of the Government shall be settled, we recognize no two classes of people, but two parties - Patriots and Traitors.

Resolved, That it is the imperative duty of every good citizen to uphold the President of the United States in his efforts to execute the laws of the United States in every portion of the Government and against

On motion it was ordered that the proceedings of the meeting be published in the village newspapers. Party differences were ignored by common consent and sentiments of a determination to support the Government at all hazards were freely expressed. S. S. Sphague, Chairman. S. A. Strong, Secretary.

The Fourteenth Ohio Eegiment was raised in the Tenth Congressional District of Ohio. Ten companies from Toledo, Bryan, Defiance, Stryker, Napoleon, Antwerp, Wauseon and Waterville were organized into the Fourteenth Regiment at Toledo, on the 24:th of April, 1861, James B. Steedman being elected Colonel; George P. Estell, Lieutenant Colonel; Paul Edwards, Major. The President's proclamation for 75,000 men was promptly responded to, and in less than three days the Fourteenth Ohio was ready for the field, and on the '25th day of April, 1861 (just twelve days after the firing on Fort Sumter), it started from Toledo for Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, where it was thoroughly drilled and its organization completed. On the 18th of May, the regiment was transferred from the State to the General Government.

The regiment left Cleveland on the 22d day of May for Columbus, there received their arms and accouterments, and on the same day started for Zanesville, Ohio; arrived at 1 P. M. on the 23d and immediately embarked for Marietta. Occupied Camp Putnam until the 27th of May, then was ordered to embark for Parkersburg, Va. , at which place it landed without opposition, and for the first time the regimental flag of the Fourteenth was unfurled in the enemy's country.

Immediately on its arrival, one company was double-quicked along the line of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, the bridges of which were being fired by retreating rebels, as a signal of the arrival of National . troops in Western Virginia. Guards were then posted along the road to prevent further destruction, and on the 29th the regiment moved forward until Clarksbui'g was reached, having repaired all the burnt bridges and culverts up to that point. At Clarksburg, some important arrests were made and the trains were put to running for supplies.

On the 2d of June, the regiment started by rail for the town of Webster, supplied with rations sufficient for a march to Philippi.a distance of thirteen miles. This march was performed on a dark, dismal, rainy night, to surprise a force of about two thousand rebel cavalry in camp near that place. The march brought the regiment in front of the town at 5 A. M., when a battery belonging to the force opened upon the surprised rebels, who were badly frightened, and scattered to the bushes and hills as fast as their horses could carry them, some leaving their clothing and boots behind and making off almost in the Georgia costume of "a shirt and a pair of spurs. " A few prisoners, all the rebel stores and five wagon loads of arms and munitions fell into the hands of the National force. On the National side, there were but four men wounded, including Col. Kelly, afterward Major General. One of the rebel cavalry had his leg taken off by a cannon ball. On the next day, the Fourteenth, in company with the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Ohio, Sixth and Seventh Indiana and First Virginia Infantry went into camp on the hills in the rear of the town of Philippi. On the 2d of July, 1861, the regiment received its first pay in gold and Ohio currency. On the 7th of July, the rebels began to show themselves in force at Laurel Hill, and works were thrown iip at Bealington to repel their attacks. Several cavalry charges made by the enemy were handsomely repulsed. On the 12th, Gen. Garnett, having suddenly retreated, the National forces moved out of their works; the Fourteenth taking the advance, took possession of a fort; vacated by the enemy and pressed on after the retreating column. The rebels were closely pressed, the road being strewed with trunks, boxes, tents, stalled baggage wagons and "tuckered-out" rebels. In crossing Carrick's Ford, the enemy was obliged to make a stand to save their trains. Taking a strong position, they awaited the coming of the National forces. The advance guard of the Fourteenth was under the rebel guns before they were g,ware of it. The rebel flag was flaunted in their faces, and with shouts for Jeff Davis came a shower of balls from the bluff above and opposite the stream. The Fourteenth closed up to its advance guard and answered the enemy's first volley before the second had been fired. In twentj minutes, and just as the first regiment of the main column came up for action, the enemy gave way in great confusion, casting off everything that could retard escape. Over thirty well-laden baggage wagons, one battery, three stand of colors and 250 prisoners were the fruits of this victory. The next morning the regiment returned toward Philippi with the prisoners and captured train, fordiug at least six rivers and creeks swollen by the heavy rains, arriving at Philippi on the 15th of July. The Fourteenth remained in camp at Laurel Hill until the 22d, when it moved to and crossed the Ohio at Bellaire, and there took cars on the Central Ohio for Toledo and home. The wounded received great attention from the people along the road, and the regiment was tendered ovations and kindnesses without number. It arrived at Toledo on the 25th of

July, where it was hailed by the ringing of bells and firing of cannon. After partaking of a sumptuous feast, prepared by the citizens at the Oliver House, the regiment dispersed.

After a few days' rest at home the men reassembled, and again volunteered in a body for three years, or during the war. On the 23d of August, 1816, the Fourteenth received orders, and moved from Toledo to Cincinnati on the same day, reaching there in the evening. It was here supplied with arms and accouterments, and on the morning of the 25th crossed the Ohio to Covington, Ky., and took cars for Lexington and Frankfort. Remaining in Frankfort two days, the regiment moved by cars to Nicholasville, and established a camp of rendezvous, where for three weeks it was engaged in daily drill and was thoroughly disciplined. Camp Dick Robinson was its next stopping place, and was reached on the evening of October 2. While there, a regiment of loyal East Tennesseans arrived, having, as the men said, crawled on all fours through the rebel lines. Among these brave and self-sacrificing loyal mountaineers were the then Tennessee United States Senator, Andrew Johnson, and Horace Maynard. Congressman, on their way to "Washington, D. C. Col. Steedman, of the Fourteenth, invited Johnson to share his tent for the night. The rough attire and begrimed appearance of Johnson caused "the boys" of the regiment to remark that "old Jim Steedman" would invite "Andy" to a free use of soap before he would allow him to bunk with him. The East Tennesseans being without arms, discipline or drill, a detail was made from the Fourteenth for the purpose of perfecting them in di'ill. About this time rumors were rife that the National forces stationed at or near Wild Cat, a desolate region sixty miles southeast of Camp Dick Robinson, were surrounded by the rebels. The Fourteenth, witti Barnet's First Ohio Artillery, started at once for Wild Cat, making forced marches through the deep mud and driving rain, and reached there at 9 A. M. of the 21st of October. On nearing the battle-field the crash of musketry and artillery was heard. This spurred the excited troops, who were going into their first engagement, and they double-quicked to the point of attack. Barnett's artillery was placed in position and the enemy shelled. Five companies of the Thirty-third Indiana were on a wild knob, almost completely surrounded by the rebels. Under cover of a brisk fir e from Barnet's battery, two companies of the Fourteenth, with picks and shovels, crawled through the bushed over a ravine, and reached the knob, fortified it in such a manner that the enemy shortly abandoned the siege and retreated toward London, Ky. The rebels left on the ground about thirty of their number killed and wounded. The National forces pursued the rebels under Zollicoffer,to a point near London, and then went into camp for some two weeks. Orders were received to march baflk toward Lancaster, passing through Crab Orchard aud Mt. Vernon. The next point was Lebanon, at which place the troops went into winter quarters.

On the 31st of December, the camp at Lebanon was abandoned and the march resumed, taking the route toward Somerset or Mill Springs. At Logan's Cross Roada, the rebels undei: Zollicoffer were met and defeated. Only one company of the Fourteenth participated in this - Company C, Capt. J. W. Brown, of Toledo.

Following up their success, the National troops pursued and drove the rebels into their fortifications at Mill Springs. The night of the 19th of January was consumed in cannonading the enemy's works. Early on the morning of the 20th, a general assault was ordered and executed, the rebel works carried, twenty pieces of artillery, all the camp equipage and one regiment of men captiu-ed. The main body of rebels crossed the Cumberland River in a steamer and escaped, burning the steamer as they left. In the charge which carried the works, the Fourteenth was the first regiment to enter. Pushing on after the flying enemy, the regiment reached the bank of the river in time to fire into the rear of the retreating column as it was boarding the steamer. The National forces remained at Mill Springs until the 11th of February. Then with five days' rations the line of march was resumed toward Louisville, passing through Stanford, Somerset, Danville and intermediate places, arriving at Louisville on the 26th. Marching through the city the Fourteenth was placed on board of transports, and in company with 20,000 other troops left for Nashville, arriving there on the 4th of March. Remaining in and around Nashville, building fortifications and perfecting the drill of the men, until the 20th of March, the necessity of re-enforcing Gen. Grant's forces at Pittsburg Landing being apparent. Gen. Buell marched with the greater part of his army, reaching Savannah on the 6th of April. Taking steamers, a portion of the troops were landed on the field at Pittsburg Landing, on the morning of the 7th of April, in time to participate in the engagement of that day, turning the tide of battle in favor of the National army. The Fourteenth did not come up in time to participate. On the night of the 12th of April, the regiment was sent on an expedition to Chickasaw Landing, in the vicinity of which five or six bridges were destroyed, thus preventing the enemy from being re-enforced. In effecting this destruction several severe skirmishes were had. The regiment was taken back to Pittsburg Landing on a steamer, on board of which was Gen. Sherman, who publicly thanked the men for the service they had performed. The Fourteenth rejoined its brigade, and with the vast army then concentrated under Gen. Halleck, shared in the slow advance on Corinth. The only death in the regiment during the siege was that of fifev Frank Gallern, of heart disease. The regiment joined in pursuing the enemy to the vicinity of Booneville, Miss., where the chase was abandoned, the National troops returning to Corinth. On the 23d of June, 1862, the Fourteenth with other troops was sent to Tuka, Miss. , and from there marched to Tuscumbia, Ala. After doing duty of various kinds in and around this place, the line of march was resumed toward Nashville, Tenn., passing through Florence, Fayetteville, Pulaski, etc. On this march. Gen. Robert L, MeCook was murdered by guerrillas near Waynesburg, Tenn. Nashville was reached on the 7th of September. On the 14th, marching orders were received for Bowling Green, Ky. This march was made in pursuit of Bragg's army, which was then moving on to Louisville, Ky., which was reached on the 26th day of September, 1862. On this march, the Fourteenth Ohio was under command of Maj. Paul Edwards, Col Steedman having been assigned to Gen Robert L. McCook's late command, and Lieut Col. Este being absent on furlough. The march from Nashville to Louisville was one of great hardship, the weather being intensely hot, the roads very dusty and water almost unattainable. On the Ist of October, the National army, under Gen. Buell, moved out of Louisville and resumed the pursuit of Bragg's rebel army. Marching by the Bardstown road, the Fourteenth in the advance, Springfield, Ky., was reached on the second day and Bardstown on the third. On the 9th day of October, the brigade in which the Fourteenth was acting, was detailed as headquarter and ammunition train guard, and for that reason did not participate in the battle of Perryville fought on that day. Gen. Buell's army moved in pursuit of the rebels, marching through Danville and Crab Orchard, where the pursuit was abandoned and the National forces commenced a retrograde movement toward Nashville. Gallatin was reached on the 15th of November, where the brigade, in which the Fourteenth Ohio was acting, went into winter qviarters. While at this place, the regiment was frequently detailed on scouting duty against the guerrilla (Gen. John Morgan's) cavalry, with which it had several severe skirmishes, losing some men. At Rolling Fork, Morgan was badly whipped and driven off, thus preventing a contemplated raid against Louisville. The regiment remained at Gallatin until January 13, 1863, engaged in similar duty. Leaving Gallatin, Nashville was reached on the 15th day of January, and after a day's rest in that city the regiment marched to Murfreesboro as guard to an ammunition and provision train, returning the same night to Lavergne, where the brigade was engaged in fortifying against the enemy. On the 3d day of Jane, the regiment and brigade left Lavergne and took up the line of march for Triune, Tenn., forming a portion of Rosecrans' advance on Tullahoma and Chattanooga. At Triune, twenty days were consumed in rigid drill, giving time to allow the necessary supplies to come up. The march being resumed, Hoover's Gap was reached on the night of the 26th of June, a brisk engagement coming off at that point, in which the Fourteenth participated with its brigade. Thirty men were lost in killed and wounded in this affair. The vicinity of Tullahoma was reached on the evening of the 28th of June, and the enemy's videttes driven in. That night, Capt. Neubert's picket detail, of the Fourteenth Ohio, drove in the enemy's line of pickets and reached a point so near the town as to enable him to discover that the rebels were evacuating the place. This important information was immediately sent to headquarters by Capt. Neubert, and caused the advance, early the next morning, of the National forces. Elk River was crossed with great difficulty, that stream being quite deep with a swift current, and a number of men were drowned. A spur of the Cumberland Mountains was crossed and the National forces encamped in Sequatchie Valley on the 18th of August, near Sweden Cove. On the 31st of August, the army crossed the Tennessee River by means of rafts, the pontoons not being on hand. On the 19th of September, the enemy was discovered in force on Chickamauga Creek. The Fourteenth Ohio, under command of Lieut. Col. Kingsbuiy, was immediately deployed in line of battle. The men were not in the best trim to engage in a fatiguing day's work, having marched incessantly all of the previous day and night, but they were ready and willing to perform their whole duty, and did it nobly. The regiment was engaged in hot and close contest from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. ; being then relieved, it replenished its ammunition boxes, and again entered the fight, continuing it until sundown. That night it fell back one mile and went into camp. The next morning at 9 o'clock the regiment again entered the field and had a desperate encounter with a portion of Longstreet's rebel division. An unfortunate gap being left open by mistake in Thomas' line, the whole National force was compelled to fall back to prevent being overwhelmed. The village of Ross, ville was its stopping point. On the 21st of September, the regiment with its brigade and division, was in line of battle all day, but was again compelled to give ground and fall back into hastily-constructed in- trenobments near Chattanooga, the enemy following closely. The regiment went 4nto the battle with 449 men. Out of that number it lost 233, killed, wounded and missing. Fourteen enlisted men were captured by the enemy. Of fourteen officers, eight were severely wounded; among them Capts. Albert Moore, Company A; H. W. Bigelow, Company I; Dan Pomeroy, Company D; W. B. Pugh, Company H; J. J. Clark, Company C; and Lieut. James E. McBride, Company F. Col. Croxton, of the Tenth Kentucky, commanding the brigade, was also severely wounded. To procure rations on one occasion during the ensuing beleaguerment at Chattanooga, a detail of 100 men from the Fourteenth, under Capt. Neubert, was sent to Stevenson, Ala., crossing the rugged mountain between that place -and Chattanooga. This detail started on a march of eleven days' duration with only one day's rations. After encountering terrible hardships, subsisting on parched corn, leaving along the roads the wrecks of more than half their wagons and the dead bodies of t\venty mules, Stevenson wag reached; ten wagons out of the sixty they started with were loaded with "hard-tack" and the return journey commenced. After twentyfive days' absence, this detail reached Chattanooga (9 th of November) and distributed their precious freight among the famished troops.

In the brilliant assault on Mission Eidge, the Fourteenth Ohio bore a gallant part, charging and capturing a rebel battery of three guns, which Gen. Hardee in person was superintending, loosing sixteen killed, ninety-one wounded and three missing. On the 26th of November, the National forces started in pursuit of the rebel army toward Ringgold, at which point the enemy made a stand on the 28th. Gen. Hooker's forces being in the advance, made a charge on the rebels, but were driven back. The Fourteenth corps coming up, formed a line of battle and charged the rebel position, but the enemy had fled toward Buzzard's Roost. The Fourteenth Ohio returned to Chattanooga on the 2yth of November and was reviewed by Gen. Grant on the Ist of December, 1863. Of those that were eligible, all but thirty men of the entire regiment re-enlisted for another term of three years. This occurred on the 17th of December. On Christmas Day, the mustering of the men commenced, and by working hard all day and through the night the rolls 'were completed. Marching to Bridgeport on the 3l8t of December, the Fourteenth Ohio then took the cars and reached Nashville on the 2d day of January, 1864. On this trip the cold was so intense as to freeze the feet of several colored servants, belonging to the regiment, so badly as to make amputation necessary. From Nashville the regiment went by cars to Louisville, and thence by boat to Cincinnati, arriving at that city on the morning of the 4th of January. Cars were at once taken for Toledo, the home of the regiment, where it was warmly received by the citizens, and addressed in their behalf by the Hon. M. R. Waite. On the 6th day of February, the thirty days' furlough having expired, the regiment moved by rail to Cleveland and there went into camp. Remaining there about a week, it started for Cincinnati and the front, reaching Nashville on the 23d of February and Chattanooga on the 29th.

On the 5th day of March, the regiment moved to Ringgold, where it performed hard duty in building corduroy roads between that place and Chattanooga, picketing outposts, etc.

On the 9th day of May, it moved with its brigade on Dalton, driving in the enemy's videttesto the vicinity of Tunnel Hill, there encountering the enemy in force. At this point commenced that long, fatiguing campaign for the possession of Atlanta, the "Gate City" of the extreme South, The Fourteenth, in all the marches and the almost incessant skirmishes and flanking movements of that campaign, bore an honorable part. It lost heavily in men and officers. While lying in front of Atlanta, the regiment lost twenty men killed and wounded.

On the 26th of August, a flanking movement was commenced toward Jonesboro, and on the 31st, the Atlanta & Western Railroad was struck five miles north of Jonesboro, where 200 prisoners were captured. On the 1st of September, the Third Division of the Fourteenth Army Corps, in which was brigaded the Fourteenth Ohio, continued the movement in the direction of Jonesboro, destroying the track of the railroad as it marched. At 4:30 P. M. of that day, the Third Division (Gen. Baird) confronted the enemy's works surrounding Jonesboro. The Third Brigade, in command of Col. Este, of the Fourteenth Ohio, of Baird's division, was drawn up in line of battle in the immediate rear of a regular brigade of Gen. Carlin's division, which had just made an unsuccessful charge on the rebel works in the edge of the woods on the opposite side of a large corn-field. Col. Este, with his brigade, consisting of the Fourteenth and Thirtyeighth Ohio, Tenth Kentucky and Seventy fourth Indiana stood ready for the fight. Col. Este gave the order, "Battallions, forward! - guide center!" and Gen. Baird waved his hand for the "forward." The lines moved steadily forward amid a shower of balls. A battery opened with grape and canister, but the brigade moved steadily on. The edge of the timber was gained, and, with a yell and a charge, the rebel works were gained, and a hand- to hand conflict ensued. The rebels belonged to Gen. Pat Cleburne's division, and contested the gi-ound with great stubbornness and bravery. It was not until many of them were killed with the cold steel that they would surrender. They finally succumbed and were marched to the rear as prisoners. The Fourteenth took nearly as many prisoners as the regiment numbered, a battery of foui- guns, several stands of colors and two lines of trenches full of men. All this was not accomplished without sad cost. The brigade lost thirty-three per cent of its number. One hundred members of the Fourteenth, whose time had expired, went willingly into the fight, some of whom were killed and many wounded. After the Jonesboro fight, the brigade in which the Fourteenth was acting, marched back to Atlanta, leaving the pursuit of the eneniy to other troops. The Fourteenth next followed in pursuit of Hood's troops, on their advance into Tennessee, as far up as Rome, where the chase was abandoned and the brigade returned to Kingston, Ga., reaching there on the 6th of November. It next joined Gen. Sherman's forces at Atlanta, and partici pated in the " march to the sea;" then came the march through the Carolinas to Goldsboro and Kaleigh. At Raleigh the surrender of Lee and his army near Richmond was promulgated to the National forces. The surrender of Johnston quickly followed, and then the march up to the capital of the nation, where the grand armies of the republic passed in review before the President and Cabinet. On the 15th of June, the Fourteenth Ohio started from "Washington by rail for Parkersburg, on the Ohio River; arriving there on the 18th of June. It immediately embarked on boats and was taken to Louisville, Ky. Remaining in camp at that place until the 11th day of July, when the regiment was mustered out of the service and returned to its home, reaching Toledo on the 13th of July, 1865, after over four years of as honorable and active a career as that of any regiment in the army.

Company

April 20, 1861, Sidney S. Sprague commenced enrolling a company, which was speedily filled and another started. April 23, the first company elected officers as follows: Sidney S. Sprague, Captain; "William J. Irvine, First Lieutenant; and Charles Kahlo, Second Lieutenant. A farewell meeting was held that night at which a silk flag, prepared by the ladies, was presented, and the company, numbering 105, left in the cars that evening for Cleveland.

Twemty-First Ohio Infantry

It moved on the 23d of May, passing through Columbus, where it received its arms, to Gallipolis. It went into camp at that place and remained there until the 3d of July, when it moved to Ravenswood, by order of Gen. McClellan, to re-enforce the Seventeenth Ohio, then expecting an attack from O. Jennings Wise, whose forces lay at a little town called Ripley, twelve or fifteen miles from the river. The National forces under Col. Norton, of the Twentyfii-st Ohio, disembarked at 11 o'clock at night, made a forced march to Ripley, surprised the rebels and drove them from the place. The expedition then returned by steamer to Gallipolis. A day or two after this. Col. Norton made a reoonnoissance up the Kanawha River, and captured forty prominent rebel citizens as hostages for the good treatment and safe return of some loyal Virginians captured by the notorious Jenkins. Col. Norton also led an expedition to Jenkins' farm, just below Guyandotte, consisting of Company F, Capt. George F. Walker, and Company C, Lieut. A. McMahan, and captured a steamboat load of cattle, horses, corn, etc. , for the use of the army, and once more returned to their camp at Gallipolis. On the 11th of July, Gen. Cox took command of ths brigade, consisting of the Eleventh, Twelfth and Twenty first Ohio, the First and Second Kentucky, Cotter's First Ohio Battery of two guns, and Capt. George's Cavalry, and marched to Red House, on the Kenawha River. At this point Col. Norton was ordered to make a reoonnoissance for the purpose of discovering the rebel position. Company P, Capt. George F. Walker, Company H, Capt. A. M. Blackman, and Company G, Capt. Lovell, with a portion of Capt. George's Cavalry, started under command of Col. Norton, early on Sunday morning, the 14th of July, moving on three different roads, all terminating at a little village on Scarey Creek, where it empties into the Kanawha River. After marching some eight miles, the enemy's pickets were encountered in achurch, from which they fired and fell back on their main body. Skirmishers were thrown out by Col. Norton, which developed the enemy in force on the opposite bank of the creek, occupying a strong position, with a full battery. After developing the strength of the rebels, the National troops fell back two miles, and at 12 o'clock that night were re-enforced by the remaining companies of the Twentyfirst Ohio and part of the Second Kentucky, under Lieut. Col. Enyart; but lacking artillery. Col. Norton thought it best to fall back and await the arrival of the main body. On the 15th the main body, under Gen. Cox, arrived, and on the morning of the 17th Col. Lowe was placed in command of a force consisting of his own regiment. Company K, Capt. S. A. Strong, and Company D, Capt. Thomas G. Allen, of the Twentyfirst, Capt. Cotter's two rifle guns, and a portion of Capt. George's Cavalry, as an attacking column, and ordered to drive the enemy from his position The fight opened at great disadvantage to the Nationals, from the fact that their old United States smooth-bore muskets did not can-y far enough to reach the enemy, who were stationed in the bed of the creek and protected by its high banks. Col. Norton, seeing the disadvantage, determined to di-ive the enemy out of the creek with the bayonet, and as a preliminary movement, sent a flanking force to turn the enemy's left and divert his attention from the contemplated charge in front. The charge was successfully made by Col. Norton, vsrith tv?o companies of the Twelfth Ohio, under Lieut. Col. White, and two companies of the Twenty- iirst Ohio, the enemy being lifted out of the creek and the whole rebel force driven back. Col. Norton was severely wounded through the hips in this affair, but remained on the field, hoping to be supported by Col. Lowe. Three messengers were dispatched to Col. Lowe, none of whom was killed, but the needed support was not given. In the meantime, the enemy received re-enforcements; and discovering that the National force was not properly supported, again abandoned their column, and in tiun drove them, capturing Col. Norton, and Lieut. Brown, of the Twelfth Ohio, who had remained with Col. Norton and the other wounded. The loss in this engagement was nine killed, including Capt. Allen and Lieut. Pomeroy, oi Company D, and seventeen wounded. On the evening of the battle, Col. Woodruff, of the Second Kentucky; Col. De Villiers, of the Eleventh Ohio, and Lieut. Col. George W. Neff, of the First Kentucky, rode up to the battle-ground by a different road from that on which the troops were retreating, and were instantly made prisoners by the rebels. The Twenty-first Ohio remained in the field, under command of Lieut. Col. Neibling, until ordered home to be mustered out, which occurred on the 12th of August, 1861, at Columbus, Ohio. It was again re-organized on the 19th of September, 1861, for the three years' campaign, and mustered into the service at Findlay, Ohio, It received marching orders a few days thereafter, was supplied with arms at Camp Dennison on the 2d of October, and marched the same day for Nicholasville, Ky. It remained there ten days, and was then ordered to march to McCormiok's Gap to join Gen. Nelson, then in command at that point. During that campaign, no engagement occurred, excepting that - at Ivy Mountain, in which the rebels attempted an ambush but were foiled and whipped, mainly through a flank movement executed by the Twenty-flrst Ohio. The rebels were driven from that line and the whole command returned ito Louisville, reaching that city in November. The National army was reorganized in the following December under Gen. Buell, and moved to Bacon Creek and Green River, where it remained in winter quarters up to late in February. In Gen. O. M. Mitchel's division, the Twenty-first marched on Bowling Green, driving the rebels from that strong position. Then moving direct on Nashville, Gen. Mitchel summoned the city authorities to surrender, which demand was promptly acceded to. Col. Kennett, of the Fourth Ohio Cavalry, took possession of the city on the 13th of March. On the 17th, Gen. Mitchel's column moved out on Murfreesboro Turnpike, occupied Murfreesboro on tlie 19th and remained there until the 4th of April, when it moved on Huntsville. At this point the famous expedition under Andrews, a citizen of Kentucky, was sent out to sever the rebel communication with Richmond, so as to prevent re-enforcements from reaching Beauregard. This was made up from the Twentyfirst, Thirty-third, and Second Ohio, and consisted of twenty four men. It failed by reason of meeting trains on the road not specified in the time-table in possession of Andrews. From Fayetteville, the command moved, on the morning of the 10th of April, for Huntsville and reached that place on the morning of the 11th, drove the rebels out, captured 300 prisoners, sixteen locomotives, and a large number of freight and passenger cars. The most vigorous measures were then inaugurated by Gen. Mitchel. Expeditions were sent in every direction, railroad bridges burned, and every precaution taken against surprise. One of these, which consisted of Company C, Capt. McMahan, and Company F, Capt. H. H. Alban, of the Twenty-first, and a portion of the Twenty-third Ohio, all under comiaand of Col. Oscar F. Moore, of the Thirty- third, was sent to Stevenson, Ala., to bui-n an important bridge spanning the Tennessee River. It was completely successful, and retui'ned to Hantsville. About the 20th of April, Capt. Milo Caton, Company H, of the Twenty-first Ohio, was sent in charge of rebel prisoners to Nashville. On his return he was surrounded by Morgan's Cavalry, and after a hard fight the Captain and his company were obliged to surrender. The whole party were sent to Richmond. Capt. Caton remained in rebel prisons over a year. On the 28th of May, the regiment moved to Athens to relieve Col. Turchin, and remained there up to the 28th of August, While the Twenty-first Ohio was at Athens, the nucleus of the First Alabama loyal regiment was formed^ mainly through the efforts of Capt. McMahan. The regiment returned from Athens, Ala., to Nashville on the 29th of August, 1862, and arrived on the 2d of September. It remained with its division, under the command of Brig. Gen. James S. Negley, and was besieged in the city until the 7th of November, when the siege was raised by the approach of the army under Gen. Roseerans. During the siege, the Twenty-first Ohio was engaged in the sallies of Lavergne. White's Creek, Wilson's Bend and Franklin Pike. At Lavergne, the regiment captured a part of the Third Alabama Rifle Regiment, with their colors and camp and garrison equipage, and fifty-four horses. On the 19th of November, Gen. Roseerans issued a special order, complimenting this regiment for its efficiency on the grand guard around Nashville. On the 26th of December, the Twenty-first Ohio moved with the army against the enemy at Murfreesboro. Skirmishing continued incessantly until December 31, when a general battle commenced and continued until January 3. The Twenty-first Ohio was engaged every day - first in the center, and, January 2, on the left of the army. In the battle of January 2, with the rebels under Breckem-idge, the Twenty-first charged across Stone River, the water being waist-deep, and captured three brass field pieces, the only artillery captured in the battle before Mm*- freesboro. After the battle, Capt. McMahan, of Company C, was recommended to the Governor of Ohio for promotion by Gen. James S. Negley, and was soon afterward appointed Major of his regiment. On the 4th of January, the Twenty-first entered Murfreesboro, having the advance of its division. In the battle of Stone River, the regiment lost one officer, Lieut. Enoch B. Wiley, of Company C, and forty-six men killed, and Lieut. J. W. Knaggs and seventy-five men wounded. Seventeen men were captured. During the occupation of Mui-freesboro, from January 4 to June 24, 1863, the Twenty-first was engaged in several expeditions and skirmishes. On the 24th of June, it moved with the army upon the enemy at Tullahoma, the enemy having retired upon Chattanooga, the Twenty-first went into camp with the army at Decherd Station on the 7th of July. On the 16th of August, it crossed the Tennessee River near Stevenson, and dragging its artillery and trains over Lookout Mountain by hand, it found the enemy at Dug Gap, Ga., on the lltb of September. Heavy skirmishing continued until the 19th, when the enemy was found in force on the line of Chickamauga Creek. The regiment immediately deployed into line of battle, under command of Lieut. Col. D. M. Stoughton, and opened a brisk fire upon the rebels, which continued until night. Early the next morning (Sunday, September 20) the battle was resumed. At 11 o'clock, the Twenty-first was posted on Horseshoe Ridge, upon the earnest request of Brig. Gen. J. M. Brannon, who retired with his troops to another part of the field soon afterward. Immediately after forming into this new position, the Twenty-first became fully engaged, and a severe contest resulted in the repulse of the enemy, not, however, without severe loss to the Twenty-first. Lieut. Col. Stoughton had an arm fractm-ed and soon after died. The command now devolved upon Maj. A. McMahan. The result of the battle by 3 o'clock in the afternoon demonstrated the inability of the National army to meet successfully the immensely superior numbers under command of Gen. Bragg. The National ti-oops were forced back on the right and left; but the Twenty -first being armed with Colt's revolving rifles, continued to hold its position. The rebels charged upon the regiment in this position five times without success, retiring each time with severe loss. An hour before sundown a full battery was brought to bear upoa it, inflicting severe damage. Under cover of the smoke of this battery, the rebels charged again, buf were met with a volley and a counter-charge and the Twentyfirst continued to hold its position. The scene at this time was horrible; the battery had set fire to the leaves and dry brush and the dead and wounded were consumed by the fixe. To remedy this was out of the question. To detain the rebels, if possible, was all that could be expected, while the troops of Mc- Cook's corps, which had been so severely crushed, could effect a retreat. The ammunition was now nearly exhausted, and a further supply could not be found nearer than Chattanooga, nearly a day's march distant. The cartridge boxes of the dead were searched, and also the hospitals, for any that might be carried there in the cartridge boxes of the wounded. By economy the regiment continued to fire until dark, when its last shot was expended. At this time the enemy had appeared upon the right and roar, and the regiment, now greatly reduced in numbers, was formed for one more deperate effort to hold the ridge and give time for our shattered columns to effect a retreat. A charge was ordered by Maj. Mc- Mahan, and though entirely without ammunition, the bayonet was applied with entire success. The enemy was forctid back leaving nine prisoners with the Twenty-first Ohio. The helpless condition of the regiment was discovered by the enemy in its inability to return their fire. It was now after dark, and, in a second attempt to push back the enemy with the bayonet, the Twenty-first Ohio was overwhelmed, and Maj. McMahan and 115 of the officers and men of the command were captured. The Twenty-first Ohio expended in this battle 43,550 rounds of Colt's fixed ammunition, and sustained a loss of one officer and fifty men killed and three officers and ninety-eight men wounded, and twelve officers and 104 men captured. The survivors of the regiment retired with the army to Chattanooga, where it arrived September 22, and remained until Januaiy 1, l864, when it re-enlisted as a veteran organization, mainly through the efforts of Quartermaster Daniel Lewis, Quartermaster Sergeant George Sheets, and the noncommissioned officers of the regiment, and returned to Ohio upon veteran furlough. It had in the meantime, however, been present at the battle of Mission Ridge. The regiment retm-ned to Chattanooga the 0th of March and moved forward to Ringgold, Ga., from which point it moved. May 7, with Sherman's grand army upon the campaign to

Atlanta, Ga. Fighting soon commenced and the regiment opened its veteran campaign with the battle of Buzzard's Koost May 9, and Kesaca May 15. Moving forward, the regiment was present at the battle of New Hope Church, and on the morning of May 28, while the regiment was moving to a position in reserve," a piece of stray shell fractured the right arm of Col. James M. Neibling, and the command of the regiment again devolved upon Maj. A. McMahan, who had just returned from Libby Prison. The regiment was immediately ordered to the front, and in capturing a ridge which was abandoned without a fight on the evening before, Company K sustained a loss of four men killed and two wounded. The position thus captured commanded that of the enemy, and was held by the Twenty-first Ohio until the enemy withdrew. Skirmishing continued daily until the enemy presented front at Kenesaw Mountain, June 17. The Twenty-first was engaged at this point every day, holding the front line at Bald Knob, twelve nights and days in succession, at which point Lieut.' Robert S. Dilworth, of Company G, and two men were killed and ten men wounded. On the 4th of July, the regiment marched through Marietta in pursuit of the enemy, who had retired toward the Chattahoochie River a previous night. Skirmishing continued until the 9th of July, when the regiment was ordered forward to learn the position of the enemy, with orders to attack and drive in his outposts. A severe engagement at Vining's Station was the result. Two regiments of the enemy, the Fourth Mississippi and Fifty-fourth Louisiana Infantry, were encountered in their rifle pits. A charge was ordered by Maj. McMahan, the rifle pits captured, with seventeen prisoners and thirty-three stands of new English rifles. The enemy was driven into his main works after a desperate struggle, in which the Twenty-first Ohio lost fifteen men killed, and two officers and thirty-seven men wounded, and one ofiicer missing. The regiment continued to hold the rifle-pits and annoy the enemy in his main works. Corporal William Waltman, of Company G, upon this occasion led his company in the charge, and would have -been promoted had not his term of enlistment expired before his commission could be obtained. Early on the morning of July 10, the enemy withdrew, and the regiment advanced by daylight to the Ohattahooehie River. No other troops besides the Twenty-first Ohio were engaged on this occasion. Having crossed the river, the regiment again engaged the enemy at Nancy's Creek, July 19, and continued to engage him until July 20, when the battle of Peach Tree Creek was fought. In this battle Capt. Daniel Lewis, Company C, was killed, Sergt. Maj. Earll W. Merry was wounded, and had a leg amputated. On the

22d of July, the siege of Atlanta was commenced, and continued until the night of September 1, when the defense of that city was abandoned by the en emy in consequence of his defeat at Jonesboro, thirty-five miles south of Atlanta. The Twenty-first Ohio, during the siege of Atlanta, was engaged with the enemy on several occasions, and was under his fire every day. At the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, which won Atlanta, the regiment was again engaged, and again added new laurels to its character as a fighting regiment. Its loss in this battle was five men killed, thirty men wounded, and one man missing. After the battle of Jonesboro, the Twenty-first returned with the army to Atlanta, and went into camp on the 8th of September. The total loss of the regiment in this canipaign, from May 7 to the occupation of Atlanta, September 2, was two officers and thirty-two men killed, and five officers and 119 men wounded, many of whom subsequently died. On the third of October, the regiment moved with the army in pursuit of Hood toward Chattanooga, and arrived at Galesville, Ala., October 20. From this point it returned to Atlanta, where it again arrived on the 15th of November., On the 16th, it moved with the army in the direction of Savannah, Ga. On the 4th of December, it was engaged with the enemy near Lumpkin Station, on the' Augusta & Savannah Railroad. From the 12th to the night of the 20th of December, it was engaged with the enemy's outposts before Savannah, and entered the city the following morning at 9 o'clock A. M., in advance of its army corps. During this campaign, the regiment destroyed three miles of railroad and captured eight thousand rations for its own use. It also captured forage to supply twentyone head of horses and mules attached to the regiment during the campaign. Six prisoners of war were also captured. The regiment lost one man wounded, and fourteen were " bushwhacked " by the enemy. The regiment moved again from Savannah, Ga. , under command of Lieut. Col. McMahan upon the campaign through North and South Carolina. It was engaged at Rocky Mount, S. C, and subsequently at Averysboro, N. C, and participated in the battle of Bentonville, N. C, on the 19th of March. In this battle it sustained a loss of one man killed and one officer, Capt. W. B. Wicker, of Company E, and four men wounded and ten men missing. On this campaign, a large amount of railroad was destroyed by this regiment, and it drew its subsistence entirely from the^country through which it passed, and also supplied the horses and mules jvhich belonged to it with sufficient forage. Twenty-one rebel prisoners were captured by the regiment during this campaign. During the battle on the 19th of March at Bentonville, Lieut. Col. McMahan was assigned to the com- mand of his brigade and Capt. Samuel F. Cheney, of Company B, to the command of the Twenty-first Ohio. This was the last hostile meeting of this regiment with the enemy. The rebels retired rapidly from Goldsboro through Eaieigh, N. C, the regiment marching through that city on the 12th of April, 1865, and moved forward to Martha's Vineyard, where it remained until the confederate forces under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston laid down their arms and dispersed. The regiment then returned to "Washington via Richmond, Va., and was present at the grand review on the 26th day of May, 1865. It then proceeded to Louisville, Ky., where it was mustered out of service, and from there returned to Columbus, Ohio, where it was finally discharged and paid on the 28th day of July.

The Dennison Guards (Capt. Strong), left Defiance for Camp Taylor, Cleveland, May 18, 1861. On Sunday evening preceding, a farewell meeting was held at the Methodist Church, when appropriate addresses were made and a beautiful flag made and presented by the ladies of Defiance, and acknowledged by Capt. Strong in a few well-chosen remarks. Hundreds of relatives and friends accompanied the company to the depot, indicating kindly feelings toward its members as well as a hearty sympathy for their success. Hearty cheers sped them on their way.

Company K arrived home August 15, 1861. William Bishop was wounded, and remained at Gallipolis for awhile, not being able to come at the time. Barton Smith died from wounds, and G. W. Blue was killed at the battle at Searcy, on Kanawha. With these exceptions, the company returned entire.

Thikty-Eigiith Ohio Infantry

On the 22d of September, it was transferred to Camp Dennison, where it was armed, equipped and, to a considerable extent, drilled and disciplined, and then ordered into active service in Kentucky on the 1st of October. At sunrise on the morning of the 2d, the regiment passed through and encamped near the town of Nicholasville. Eemaining here about two weeks, it was ordered to the relief of the garrison at Wild Cat, Ky. , and after a forced march of sixty miles, reached its destination on the 19th of October, 1861. Afterward, it pursued the enemy to London and Barboursville, marching on all the subsequent campaigns during the fall of 1861, and Christmas found the army encamped near Somerset. Ky. During the winter of 1861 and 1862, the men, being almost constantly on duty, and not accustomed to the rough usages of camp life, became sickly, and in a short time, out of 990 men, less than three hundred were fit for duty. The regiment participated in the campaign of Mill Springs, Rafter which it marched to Louisville, where it arrived February 28, 1862. On March 1, the regiment embarked on transports, destined for Nashville, Tenn., where it arrived on the 5th of the same month, and went into camp to prepare for the coming campaign in the spring of 1862. On the 19th of March, it left Nashville with the Army of the Ohio, marched through Middle Tennessee, and, during the month of April, encamped on the battle-field of Pittsburg Landing; marched with the army under Halleck, toward Corinth, Miss., and took an active part in the siege of that place. After the evacuation of Corinth, May 27, 1862, the Thirty-eighth marched with the army in pursuit of Beauregard as far as Booneville, and, on its return, encamped near Corinth until the 20th of June, 1862, when, with the Army of the Ohio, it marched in the direction of Tuscumbia, Ala., where it arrived on the 28th of June. Eemaining there until July 21, it marched, via Decatur and Huntsville, to Winchester, Tenn., where it arrived August 7, 1862. During this month, several reconnoitering parties made extensive detours through the mountain spurs, in the direction of Chattanooga, then the headquarters of the rebel army. In these reconnoissauces , no regiment took a more active part than the Thirtyeighth Ohio. A party of eighty men made a forced march of thirty-six miles, captured Tracy City, and after destroying a large amount of tobacco, whisky, leather and articles of less value, retm-ned to camp, having marched seventy- two miles and destroyed a large amount of property without losing a man. This march was performed in less than twenty-foui- hours. On September 1, 1862, began the retrogtrade march from the vicinity of Chattanooga, which terminated only when the army reached the Ohio. The Thirtyeighth Ohio endured all the hardships and shai-ed all the trials of that campaign. Eemaining but a short time at Louisville, on the Ist of October the regiment marched southward with the army, and, on the 8th, found the enemy in position at Chaplin Hills, near Perry ville, Ky. The Thirty- eighth participated in that battle, and afterward in the campaign in Kentucky, until, on the 27th of October, it went into camp on Rolling Fork, near Lebanon, Ky. Remaining here but a short time, during which a detachment of recruits was received, it again took up the line of march in the direction of Nashville, Tenn. During the months of November and December, 1862, the regiment was guarding railroads between Gallatin and Nashville. In the latter part of December, the regiment marched to Nashville, and prepared for the approaching campaign, which terminated with the battle of Stone River. The Thirty-eighth acted a very conspicuous part in that battle, losing but few men, however, and, after the battle, went into camp near the city, where it remained until March 13, when it joined the forces then at Triune. While there, it built the earth fortress known as Fort Phelps. On the 23d of June, 1863, the Thirty-eighth marched with the Army of the Cumberland, and took an active part in the Tullahoma campaign. After resting a short time at Winchester, Tenn., on the 17th of August the march of Chattanooga began. The Thirty-eighth moved with the center corps, crossing the Cumberland Moiintains, and finally halted on the banks of the Tennessee, opposite Shell Mound, where rafts of logs were constructed, preparatory to crossing the river. Crossing the river on the night of September 2, 1863, the march was resumed across Lookout and Raccoon Mountains, and the middle of September found the army in Lookout Valley, Preparations were made for battle, by sending everything to the rear that would encumber the army. The large train belonging to the entire army was sent to Chattanooga, and the Thirty-eighth Ohio, detailed by a special order from Gen. Thomas, was charged with the safe transit of the immense train. Accordingly, on the evening of the 18th of September, the train started, and ere (he morning of the 19th of September dawned, the train was within six miles of Chattanooga. The Thirty-eighth did not participate in the struggle on the field of Chickamauga, but it performed the task which the vicissitudes of war assigned it. On the 25th of November, 1863, the divison to which the Thirty-eighth belonged assaulted the fortifications at the foot of Mission Ridge, ascended the hill and carried the works, driving the rebels from them. The Thirty-eighth was on the extreme left of the army, and although Bragg had pronounced the slope inaccessible, yet they moved up, up, up, until the summit was reached. The fire from the rebel batteries was terrific, yet comparatively harmless, and but few were injured. In this charge the regiment lost seven men killed and forty-one wounded. After pursuing the enemy as far as Ringgold, Ga., the Thirty-eighth returned to camp near Chattanooga, where it re-enlisted as a veteran organization, and was furloughed home. At the expiration of the furlough, the regiment joined the army, then at Ringgold, Ga. Recruits were sent forward, and when Sherman started for Atlanta, the regiment numbered 741 men. On the 5th of May, 1864, the regiment broke camp at Ringgold, and marched to Buzzard's Roost Gap, where it was brought into action. After skirmishing two days, a flank movement was commenced, via Villanow and Smoke Creek Gap, nearly in rear of Resaca. Here the Thirty-eighth erected field-works, and skirmished continually, and, though no general engagement took place, several men were killed and wounded. After the evacuation of that place, the regiment participated in the campaign which followed; took an active part in the siege of Kenesaw, fortifying and skirmishing, and on the 5th of July, 1864, reached the banks of the Chattahoochie River. Remaining here until July 17, the advance was again sounded, and the river was crossed. On the 22d day of July, the Thirty-eighth had the honor of establishing the picket-line of the Fourteenth Army Corps, near the City of Atlanta. It remained there some time, holding its place in line, until August 3, when it moved to Utoy Creek. Here, on the 5th of August, a portion of the regiment (Companies A, C and K) charged the enemy's skirmish line, and was successful. Out of the 120 men who charged, nine were killed and forty-two wounded. On the night of the 25th of August, the regiment marched with the army on a flanking expedition, and, on the 27th, struck the Atlanta & West Point Railroad. Remaining there until the 31st. it again advanced, and that night took possession of the Macon road, near Red Oak Station. Remaining ^there during the night of September 1, it was ascertained that the enemy was then fortifying Jonesboro, and the army was put in motion for that place, and about 4 o'clock P. M. came upon the pickets of Hardee's col'ps. Este's brigade (to which the Thirty eighth bel(5nged), of Baird's division, was brought forward and assaulted the works. In this charge, the regiment lost, out of 360 men, 42 killed and 108 wounded; making a total loss of 150 men. Corporal O. P. Randall had the colors at the onset; he fell lifeless, pierced- by a minie ball. Corporal Baird next took them, and he, too, fell dead. Corporal Strawser next took them, and he fell severely wounded. Corporal Donze then took the flag, and bore it to the works. Of the five who had in charge the colors, but one

(Corporal H. K. Brooka) escaped unliarmed, although not untouched, for live balls passed through his clothing. The dead were buried on a little knoll near the battle-field, and the regiment encamped near the town of Jonesboro. On the 9th of September, the troops fell back to Atlanta, and those who were not veterans were 'discharged. On the 3d of October, 1864:, the army broke camp, and retraced its recent line of operations as far north as Dalton, Ga. , Hood having, in the meantime marched to the rear of Gen. Sherman. The Thirty-eighth accompanied the expedition thus far, moved thence, via Gaylesville, Ala., to Eome, and, on the 5th of November, marched to Kingston, Ga. On the 12th of November, communication was severed, snd the army started for Savannah, marching along the line of the Georgia State Kailroad, destroying it as they went, until they reached Atlanta a second and last time. During the march from Atlanta to Milledgeville, there was nothing to mar the progress of the army. Arriving at the capital on the 24th of November, the Thirty-eighth was ordered into the city as a provost-guard, where it remained until the 25th, when l.he army moved on in the direction of Louisville. Just before reaching Louisville, the army left the road it had been moving on (the Augusta pike), and marched directly east. It became necessary that the bridge across the Big Ogeechee should be destroyed, and the Thirty-eighth was designated to perform that duty. This regiment had already marched fifteen miles that day, and it was yet ten miles to the bridge. After marching ten miles, and burning the bridge, it was then thirteen miles to where the army went into camp. Misfortune being the guide, the regiment took the wrong road, and marched six miles out of the way, and it was 12 o'clock P. M. when it arrived inside the picket- line, having marched that day forty-four miles and destroyed the bridge. From Louisville to Savannah "the march was an agreeable one, and, on the morning of "December 21, the Thirty-eighth Ohio went into camp near "the conquered city, the enemy having evacuated the^ night before. During the stay of the Thirty-eighth here, 200 drafted men and substitutes were^ received. On the 30th of January, 1865, the Thirty-eighth left Savannah with the army, and participated in the " campaign of the Oarolinas," and, after forty days, came to Goldsboro, N. C. From there it followed the retiring army as far as Holly Springs, N. 0. , where it remained until after the surrender o" Johnston's army. From Holly Springs, the regiment marched back to Raleigh, and thence to Richmond, and finally to Alexandria, Va., where it remained until after the grand review at the national capital, when it encamped near the city of Washington. Remaining there in a state of inactivity until the 15th of June, orders were received to proceed by rail to Louisville, Ky. Meantime, a portion of the drafted men were mustered out. On the 15th of June, the regiment took the cars for Parkersburg, Va., and from there proceeded by boat to Louisville, Ky. , where it arrived on the 23d of June. Soon after arriving, orders were received for the muster-out of the regiment, and, on the 12th of July, the muster-out was completed, and the regiment proceeded immediately to Cleveland, Ohio, where it was finally discharged on the 22d of July, 1865.

Works

On the morning of September 1, 1864, when the battle-line was formed, the color-guard for the Thirty-eighth Regiment consisted of Oscar Randall, George Strawser, Charles Donze, Darius Baird, Hiram Brooker and Charles "Wilbur. The enemy were fortified with two lines of earthworks, the outer line of which was further protected with a heavy abattis. After the repulse of the regulars, the advance was sounded, and Este's brigade, of which'the Thirty-eighth was a part, moved up to the attack, the colors of the brigade being borne by Corporal Randall. The enemy's fire was terrible, and many of the Thirty-eighth boys went down, Corporal Randall being among that number. The colors were immediately taken by Corporal Baird, who also fell dead. Corporal Strawser next raised the flag, and was almost immediately struck by a bullet. Col. Choate, seeing the colors go down, made an effort to reach them, and while in the act of seizing the flag, received a mortal wound. The regiment was now close up to the abattis, and at this point Capt. Stafford, the Adjutant General of the brigade, fell severely wounded. As Corporal Donze was pressing forward, Capt. Stafford seized hold of him, and begged him to carry him back. E. R. McDonald, of Company H, being close at hand, came to Corporal Donze' s assistance, but they had hardly raised Stafford from the ground when they heard a ball strike, and Capt. Stafford relaxed his hold - his life having gone out amid the rattle of musketry and the clash of arms, in the service of his country. Corporal Donze, turning away from Capt. Stafford, discovered the colors lying on the ground, picked them up, and, forcing his way through the abattis, planted the colors on the works. The remnant of the brave Thirty-eighth Regiment, who had not gone down in that terrible " baptism of fire," closed up to their colors, captured many prisoners and held their position. The old flag is held in sacred remembrance by the boys who followed it through so many battles, and though but a small and tattered portion remains, which is faded and blood-stained, it is to them more beautiful than on the day when they received it with its bright colors and silken folds. It is the sacred memories that cluster round it that make it beautiful.

Kegiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry

Edward Herrick Phelps was born in Richville, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., December 17, 1827. Choosing law as his profession, he commenced reading preparatory thereto, with Judge James, of Ogdensburg. In 1851, he moved to Defiance, Ohio, where he completed his reading in the ofiice of Wolsey Welles, and

At the breaking-out of the civil war. Col. Phelps was enjoying a lucrative practice in Defiance and adjoining counties. On President Lincoln's call for three months' men, he issued the first call for troops made in Northwestern Ohio, but soon received the appointment of Paymaster General of the State, from ' Gov. Dennison, which position he accepted, and assisted the Governor and Adjt. Gen. Carrington in organizing and equipping the three months' men, and afterward paid those of them in service in Western Virginia.

His first commission in the army was that of Lieutenant Colonel of - the Thirty-eighth Regiment, and dated June 10, 1861, and on the resignation of Col. Bradley, he was promoted to the command of the regiment, March 6, 1862. At the time of his death he was in command of the Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps. His regiment took part in all the movements of the Army oE the Cumberland, imder Gens. Buell, Grant, Rosecrans and Thomas. Although not actively engaged in many battles, its service was among the most severe, and its standing highly honorable. At Wild Cat it arrived at the close of the battle, and pursued the enemy to London. It was unable to reach Mill Spring until the fighting was over. It took part in the siege of Corinth, and pursued the enemy to Boonville, and acted in reserve at Stone River. It bore an honorable part in the severe engagements of Chickamauga, having charge of ordnance and supply trains, bringing them safely off. The Thirty-eighth Regiment formed part of the gallant force that stormed and captured Mission Ridge on Wednesday, November 25, which closed the series of brilliant victories which will make Chattanooga memorable in our national history, and give the thousands of gallant men who achieved them a strong hold un the admiration of the world and gratitude of every true American.

Col. Phelps was killed at the battle of Mission Ridge. He had been quite unwell before the battle - so much so, indeed, that on the night preceding his death he called in two surgeons for consultation; but when the order was given for the grand advance on the rebel stronghold, he could not think of remaining behind, and moved as usual at the head of his command. When they charged up the hill, he found himself too weak to climb, and being unable to ride his horse, owing to the steepness of the ascent, he was borne along by four of his men. Thus he continued with his brigade in that daring assault, until the summit was attained, and while organizing his men to be prepared for any attempt of the enemy to re-take the stronghold thus gallantly grasped from them, he was

Gol. Phelps from his boyhood took a deep interest in military matters, having in his youth acted as Lieutenant and Captain in the New York Volunteer Militia. Before he was twenty-one years old, and during the Mexican war, he enlisted a company, and started to join the federal army in Mexico, but peace was declared before he reached the field. As a lawyer, he was very industrious, energetic and persevering, qualities which he carried into military service. A strict disciplinarian, he carried out every order to the letler. He was particularly neat in his own person and dress, and was careful to see that attention was given to the same objects by his men, especially about their camps and quarters. The sanitary condition and wants of his command were always prominent in his thoughts, and he was renowned for his kindness and care of the sick and disabled. He was strictly temperate in his habits, never using intoxicating liquors, or tobacco in any form.

Thus passed away another of the true men - the jewels of the nation. Col. Phelps' body was interred at Toledo, on Saturday, December 5, 1863.

Forty-Eigiitii Ohio Infantry

FORTY-EIGIITII OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Dennison on the 17th of February, 1862, and soon after departed to Gen. W. T. Sherman, at Paducah, Ky. After a short rest at Paducah, it moved up the Tennessee River, on the steamer Express, and on the 19th of March disembarked at Pittsburg Landing. On the 4th of April, while the regiment was on drill, a firing was heard, and the Forty-eighth at once moved in the direction of the sound; but the enemy fell back, and at nightfall the regiment returned to its quarters. About 7 o'clock on the morning of the 6th, the regi - ment advanced upon the enemy, and was soon warmly engaged. Charge after charge was repulsed, and though the rebel fire was making fearful gaps in the line, the men stood firm. A battery was sent to their aid, but after firing four shots it retired. The rebels then advanced, confidently expecting to capture the regiment, but they were driven back, and the Fortyeighth withdrew to its supports, having been ordered three times by Gen. Sherman to fall back. It is claimed that Gen. Johnston, of the rebel army, was killed in this portion of the battle by some member of the Forty eighth. The regiment was actively engaged during the remainder of the day, and, late in the afternoon, in connection with the Twenty-fourth Ohio and Thirty-sixth Indiana, it participated in a decisive attack on the rebel lines. It acted throughout in Buokland's brigade of Sherman's division - a brigade which had no share in the early rout of a pai-t of that division. On the second day of the battle, about 10 o'clock A. M., the regiment went into action across an open field, under a galling fire, and continued constantly exposed until the close of the engagement. The Forty-eighth lost about one-third of its members in this battle. From this time until after the close of the rebellion, the regiment engaged continually in active duty. In the attack upon Corinth, the Forty-eighth was among the firbt organized troops to enter the rebel works. In Gen. Sherman's first expedition to Vioksburg, it occupied, with credit, a position on the right in the assault; and it was in Sherman's expedition up the Arkansas River, and distinguished itself in the battle of Arkansas Post. It was with Grant during his Vicksburg campaign; fought at Magnolia Hills and Champion Hills; and participated in a general assault on the rebel works in the rear of Vicksburg, May 23, 1863. On the 25th of June following, another general assault was made upon the same works, and the F'ortyeigh h was ordered to cross an open field, exposed to two enfilading batteries, to take position in the advance line of rifle-pits and to pick off the enemy's gunners. This order was successfully executed. It took a prominent part in the battle of Jackson, Miss. , and soon after engaged in the fight at Bayou Teche. At Sabine Cross Roads, the Forty-eighth, then a mere remnant of its former self, severely punished the " Crescent Regiment, " but, in tarn it was overpowered and captured. It was not exchanged until October, 1864 The majority of the men in the regiment re-enlisted, but, on account of the capture, they never received their veteran furlough. After its exchange, the regiment shared in the capture of Mobile. After the surrender of the rebel armies, the remaining 165 men of this regiment were ordered to Texas. The regiment was at last mustered out of the service in May, 1866, arriving at Columbus, Ohio, May 21, 1866, having been in the service over four years, and traveled, during that time, through eight Southern States, a distance by land and water 11, 500 miles, and being next to the last Ohio infantry regiment discharged from the service.