Fayette County, Ohio - Admission of Ohio Into the Union - Political History Early Laws of Ohio, 1881 (part 7 of 8)

In 1847, Rev. W. D. Woodruff came to Washington to live, and was called to the pastorate in place of Elder Goodwin, resigned. Being without a house to worship in, the meetings were held in the court house.

In the year 1849, the church deeming the Caesar's Creek Association (now Clinton) more conveniently situated, took a transfer from Straight Creek Association and united with the former body.

In 1854, Deacon Claypool offered to sell a lot, on which to build, for the sum of three hundred dollars, donating fifty dollars of the amount ; S. F. Yeoman, Hugh Campbell, James Zumalt, A. M. Ogle and Dr. Allen, each gave fifty dollars and paid for "the lot.

On May 18, 1861, the church called a council of messengers from several churches of the association to ordain Brother J. B. Tuttil to the ministry. Elder James Sargeant was chosen moderator, O. A. Allen clerk. After a satisfactory examination, the council set him apart to the ministry.

On December, 1862, Rev. C. T. Emerson was called to the pastorate. His energy was directed principally towards raising means to build a church.

was installed on July 19, 1868, in our new house of worship erected at a cost of eight thousand dollars. Ministers present, Pastor Rev. B. Bedell, Chambers, and J. W. Heistand, a former pastor.

A committee had been previously appointed to revise the records, and ascertain the numerical strength of the church, which revision showed that there were seventy-seven members in good standing. The church having in thirty years increased from the original number, eleven, to seventy-seven.

In December, 1870, Rev. Winham Kidder was called to the pastorate of the church, and having served three years was called to the church above. His loss was a s^'ere aftiiction to the cause.

Thus we note that the church has been in existence almost fortytwo years, and that it has ordained one minister ; that it has admitted by baptism about one hundred and thirty persons ; that it began with eleven members, and has now ninety-one ; that it has had but twelve pftstors.

Church Covenant. - Having been led, as we believe, by the Spirit of God, to receive the Lord Jesus Christ as our Savior ; and on the profession of our faith, having been baptized in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, we do now in presence of God, Angels, and this assembly, most solemnly and joyfully enter into covenant with one another as one body in Christ.

We engage therefore, by the aid of the Holy Spirit to walk together in Christian love, to strive for the advancement of this church in knowledge, holiness and comfort ; to promote its prosperity and spirituality ; to sustain its worship, ordinahces, discipline and doctrines ; to contribute cheerfully and regularly to the support of the ministry; the expenses of the church ; the relief of the poor, and the spread of the gospel through all nations.

We also engage to maintain family and secret devotion; to religiously educate our children ; to seek the salvation of our kindred and acquaintances ; to walk circumspectly in the world; to be jjiist in our dealings, faithful in our engagements, and exemplary in our deportment ; to avoid all tattling and back-biting, and excessive anger ; to abstain from the sale and use of intoxicating drinks as a beverage, and to be zealous in our efforts to advance the Kingdom of our Savior.

We further engage to watch over one another in brotherly love ; to remember in prayer, to aid each other in sickness and distress ; to cultivate Christian sympathy in feeling and courtesy in speech ; to be slow to take offense, but always ready to reconciliation, and mindful of the rules of our Savior ; to rescue without delay.

We morever engage when we move from this place, we will as soon as possible unite with some other church, where Ave can carry out the spirit of this covenant and the principles of God's word.

Second Baptist Church, Colored

The Second Baptist Church of Washington C. H. was organized June 12, 1855, by Elder George W. Bryant, with three members: Jordan Kelly, James L. Thornton, and Boswell Kelly. Jacob Emmons, a licensed preacher, was called as a ^supply, and preached for them until the year 1858, when Elder A. Carter Avas called to the pastorate. In the latter part of 1858 he departed this life in lull triumph of the faith. He Avas succeeded by Elder R. Allen, who continued in charge of the church till 1860, Avhen he Avas succeeded by Elder A. Pratt, who continued pastor till 1866. He was succeeded by Elder H. Cox.

Up to the year 1867 there had been no special revival of religion, but the church had gradually grown from three members to thirty. In the winter of 1867, under the administration of Elder Cox, an interesting revival took place, and thirty persons Avere added to the church. Elder Cox remained pastor till 1872, Avhen he was succeeded by Elder John Powell, who remained pastor till some time in the year 1875. Elder Powell was succeeded by W. A. Meridith, a licensed preacher, who was ordained in 1875, and reinained pastor till about the year 1877. During his pastorate a very interesting revival was held, which resulted in the addition of twenty-seven members to the church. Elder Meridith was succeeded by Elder Benjamin Smith, who took charge of the church in 1878, and remained pastor till June, 1879, when he was succeeded by Elder E. M. Marion, in September, who is the present incumbent. On the first of January, 1880, a revival of religion was begun, and resulted in fifty additions to the church ; making in all about one hundred and sixty members who have been received into the fellowship of the church. The present membership is about one hundred and ten.

In the year 1857, the church purchased a lot on North Street, opposite the Central School building, and built a frame house, in w'hich they held services till about the year 1868, when the old house ^yi^s torn down, and a brick building erected, costing about two thousand five hundred dollars.

The Presbyterian Church

The Presbyterian Church of Washington Court House was organized October 10, 1813, three years after the county was organized. There were thirteen members, and James Clark, William Blair, Samuel Waddle, Anuences Allen, and Col. James Stewart, were chosen elders.

The Rev. Mr. Baldridge had charge of the church for a time. After him the pulpit was supplied by several dift'erent ministers, till Rev. William Dickey came to be pastor in 1817. The church had no house of worship, and meetings could not be held very regularly.

In 1817 part of the church was set oil' to form a separate congregation at Bloomingburg, and Thomas McGarraugh and Henry Snyder were chosen elders. Mr. Dickey supplied the church at Washington, and also the one at Bloomingburg, which was now the larger. Shortly after he seems to have given all his attention to Bloomingburg, and there are no records of the Presbyterian Church of Washington for fifteen years.

In 1834, the cliurcli took a new start. Nine of the old members were still on the ground, and seventeen were received. James Pollock, John Wilson, Isaac Templeton, and Joseph McLean, were chosen elders, and S. F. Kerr was made clerk of the session.

About 1835, Rev. John C. Eastman took charge of the church, and the church seemed to progress nicely. They undertook, for the lirst time, to build a house of worship, and soon it was constructed and dedicated.

In 1840 Mr. Eastman left the church, after six years of faithful and successful labor. The next eight years passed with very irregular ministrations. Eev. James Dunlap, and Rev. J. A. I. Lowes, preached for a time.

In the w^inter of 1847-8, the church was incorporated. About this time J. G. Hopkins came, as a licentiate, to supply its pulpit. James 'N. Wilson and Eliphas Taylor were chosen and ordained elders. Mr. Hopkins, some time after, was chosen pastor and ordained. A division in the church grew out of this. Robert Robinson and Joseph McLean, two of the elders, and others, left the church ; among them Col. S. F. Kerr. This was a great loss to the feeble church. Mr. Hopkins soon left, and in the spring of 1851 Rev. S. J, Miller, was called to the pastorate, after which church affairs ran along more smoothly. A new church edifice was built about 1856. Rev. Miller continued pastor for fifteen years, leaving the church in 1866 with seventy-five members.

The church has had some very precious seasons of revival, and has a membership of two hundred. The house of worship has lately been enlarged, improved, and greatly beautified, and has a competent corps of elders and deacons, and a good Sabbath-school. During the pastorate of Rev. Miller, James Allen, Henry D. Ritter, and Joseph Bryan, (perhaps others,) were made elders. During the last pastorate, in 1867, I. C. Van Deman, Williani Robinson, Joseph Parrett, and William II. Devalon, were made elders. In 1871 J. P. Robinson, and P. E. Moorehouse, and in 1879 Dr. S. S. Salisbury and W. A. Ustick, were made elders. Some have gone to their reward, and some have moved away. The present session are : Williani Robinson, I. C. Van Deman, J. P. Robinson, Dr. S. S. Salisbury, W. A. Ustick, and Rev. George Carpenter, pastor.

The Protestant Episcopal Church

The history of Trinity Episcopal Church is necessarily short, for the simple reason that at this date (August, 1881) it is, as a church, less than two years old.

On Thursday evening, December 4, 1879, a meeting, presided over by the Kev. J. H. Logic, rector of St. Philip's Church, Circleville, was held at the residence of Mr. J. M. Love. At that meeting all the persons in Washington Court House who were interested in the Episcopal Church were present. An organization was effected by the election of an executive committee, composed of the following gentlemen: J. M. Love, Edwin Bird, R. M. Campion, J. S. Gold, Clarence Snyder, Edwin Proctor, and Charles A. Palmer. These gentlemen were intested with authority to act in the capacity of a vestry; Messrs. Love and Bird to act as wardens.

Previous to this date (December 4, 1879), occasional services had been held by the Rev. Mr. Logic, of Circleville, and the Rev. Mr. Fischer, of Chillicothe, but at this meeting arrangements were made for regular services, and the first of such services was held on Thursday evening, December 11, 1879.

At this service further arrangements were made by which the Rev. Mr. Logic was to take pastoral oversight of the work, and, with the assistance of the neigliboring clergj', hold services on alternate Sundays in the Baptist Church.

The first Sunday service was held December 28, 1879. In the afternoon the Sunday-school was organized. At first the school met at the residence of Mr. Love; but its growth was so rapid that it became necessary, in the course of three weeks, to take it to the church.

For several mouths the services were held in the Baptist house of worship, but were removed to the city hall, and subsequently to the court house, where the members are still worshiping God in accordance with the faith and practice of the Apostolic Church.

On the 16tli of May, 1880, the mission was placed in the hands of the Rev. Korman H. Badger, who thus became the first rector of Trinity Church. His tenure of oflice was, however, very short, he being called to a parish in northern Ohio in January, 1881.

tion, of whom mention may be made of Miss JS'annie Love, Miss Julia Campbell, Mrs. J. C. Von Buhlow, Mrs. Campion, and Miss Tinnie Cleaveland.

In March, 1881, arrangements were made by which the Rev. George Rogers, a graduate of Bealey Hall Theological Seminary, Gambler, Ohio, and a presbyter of the Diocese of Kentucky, took charge of the mission, and is still pastor of the church.

The growth of the Episcopal Church in the county seat has been rapid and solid. The dignity and beauty of its service; its broad, catholic spirit; its adaptability to old and young, rich and poor; its freedom from partizanship - all commend it to the thinking men and women of the community.

So far from being a new church, it is the oldest of all the religious bodies. It was first organized in the United States in 1784, obtaining its orders from the»Mother Church, of England. The student of history will not need to be told that there was an English Episcopal Church long before the Reformation in the sixteenth century, and that what was done at the time of the Reformation was not the making up of a new church, but the cleansing of the old from Romish errors. There was an English Episcopal Church, with bishops, presbyters, and deacons, at the time of the Council of Aries, A. D. 314, and through this church the Protestant Episcopal Church of America traces her lineage back to the days of the apostles. She is the daughter of the Church of England in precisely the same sense in which America is the child of Great Britain. We as Americans are not ashamed to call England the mother country.

The government of the church is both lay and clerical, the secular part of the administration being confided to the care of the vestry, composed of the minister and several laymen, in the case of the parish; and in the case of the diocese, to an annual convention, composed of both clergy and laity, with the bishop as presiding ofiicer. The spiritual government is, of course, committed to the bishop and clergy.

The doctrines of the church are summed up in the Apostles' Creed. She believes in God, in Jesus Christ, in the Holy Ghost, the Holy Catholic (or universal) Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting, and does not demand that her children shall believe any more. She does not lay upon men a " yoke which neither we nor our futliers were able to bear." but simply asks of them a profession of belief in this creed, and a sincere and honest desire to live a godly life. Being- baptized and confirmed in this faith, she helps men to live an earnest Christian life. The non-essentials of religion are left between every man and his Maker. With malice toward none, and charity toward all, she believes it to be especially her mission to preach primitive Christianity, to help the distressed, to comfort the sorrowfnl, and to lead erring men back into the path that leads to God.

The Christian Church

This church is the creature of the fifth missionary district of the Ohio Missionary Society. It is a mission of the district board. They instructed J. C. Irvin, who is still in charge of the njission, to go to Washington and make a reconnoisance. He visited all the members in the city, and established preaching temporarily in the Baptist Church. This was continued for five months.

In December, 1874, Rev. W. W. Sawyer and Mr Irvin, joined in a union service of Baptists and Disciples, which meeting lasted one week ; an intercommunion service was held and friendly relations cultivated. This year several sermons were preached in the city hall-

During the next winter, Elder Robert Moftett, state evangelist, of Cleveland, Ohio, held a meeting of three weeks, in the Baptist house of worship, which was well attended. The interest, good from the beginning, increased to the close. At this meeting, two young ladies were added to the church.

The board, encouraged by this meeting, determined to make the mission permanent. J. C. Irvin was continued in the management. His health failing however, he was not able to preach, and was compelled to abandon active work ; yet he never abandoned the idea of ultimate success. During the year 1878, he held Bible services and social meetings in the temperance hall. These meetings began as early as November, 1877, and have been held regularly ever since.

Organization. - The organization dates from April 6, 1879. There were but six members present, whose names were J. C. Irvin, Mrs. J. C. Irvin, Miss Jennie Davis, Mrs. Maggie C. Hess, Mrs. Julia Benjamin, and S. Eldan Irvin.

These solemnly covenanted with each other, and with the Great Head of the church, to live as becometh saints, and to keep the ordinances of the Lord's house. This little band has met regularly, and their members have gradually increased.

B.enjamin Eankin and family have permanently settled in the neighborhood, and others having moved into the city, so that the number has increased to about twenty.

In November, 1880, a Sunday-school was organized in the city hall, and the meetings removed to that place. The school has succeeded well and is in a flourishing condition at present. The attendance is about sixty-five.

The church since its organization has had a slow but steady growth. Since which Elder A. A. Knight of Wilmington, J. S. Hughes of Dayton, and Dr. Oliver Hixon of Iowa, have preached for the organization.

Since the election of General James A. Garfield to the presidency of the United States, public attention has been called to this denomination of Christians so prominently, that we feel justified in giving a somewhat extended view of their faith and practice. This will be the purpose of the brief sketch which follows :

It is proper to state that this denomination of Christians prefer the simple term Christian Church, but do not wish to assume a designation that might seem to deny the appellation to others. They are willing to be known as Disciples, or to be distinguished by any term that is applied to the Church of Christ in thel^ew Testament. Their aim is to bring Christianity back to what it was in the beginning. They reject all symbols of faith except the Bible, desiring to restore the primitive simplicity of the Gospel, as preached under the supervision of the heaven inspired apostles of Jesus Christ.

Previous to the inauguration of this movement, the condition of religion in this country was truly to be deplored. The religious parties of those times were extremely selfish, and were the bitter antagonists of each other. The spirit of rivalry and of sect had largely supplanted the Spirit of Christ. Ignorance and superstition were more prized than an intelligent knowledge of the word of God. Human creeds were the standards of faith and practice ; while the Divine creed was regarded as a dead letter. The result

The careful and impartial reader of the history of these times must see that a reformation was greatly needed. The success of Christianity in the world depended upon a movement that would break down this ecclesiasticism, and bring the people back again to the true knowledge of Christ. Early in the present century an attempt at this was made. But before entering upon a notice of this movement, it is proper to call attention to what had previously been accomplished.

Luther's was a noble work, but it was principally confined to one thing, namely : the restoration of the freedom of thought, freedom of speech, and the right of individual interpretation. This was his distinctive work. It broke the fetters of the papacy which bound the human soul, and gave hberty once more to the individual conscience.

Calvin restored to the church the idea of God's sovereignty. This had been partially obscured by the works of supererogation which Catholicism enjoined upon its subjects; and it was necessary to any satisfactory progress in the restoration of primitive Christianity, that the Great Father should be properly recognized as the author of " every good and perfect gift." Extremes beget extremes, is the universal testimony of history. Hence, under the infiuence of Calvin's teachings, it was not long before the religious consciousness swung round to the extreme of a cold, lifeless formalism, which entirely ignored the human side in the plan of salvation, and left every thing to the unalterable fate of what were called the Divine decrees.

Wesley restored to the church the idea of human responsibility. He taught that there was something for man himself to do in order to salvation. Hence his teaching infused new life into the religious convictions of the people, and give a new energ}' to the work of converting the world.

To sum up the work of these reformations, it is sufficient to say, that Luther restored conscience to its proper place ; Calvin restored the Divine sovereignty, and Wesley human responsibility, as part of the remedial system.

Two things yet remained to be done : the word of God must be restored to its proper authority, and such an adjustment made of the elements eliminated b}' the reformations just referred to as would secure a rapid and harmonious development of the religion of Christ in the world. This of course would involve a complete restoration of the primitive order of things, and this was the work proposed hy the reformation of the nineteenth century, A few words concerning the origin and character of this movement are necessary at this point.

In the year 1807, Thomas Camphell, a Presbyterian minister, of the north of Ireland, arrived in the United States. He soon conceived a plan of Christian union upon the basis of the Bible alone. In the advocacy of this jjlan, he published the celebrated " Declaration and address," and a " Prospectus of a religious reformation." The burden of these papers was the inefficiency of denominational organizations, and the necessity of a return to apostolic teaching and practice, before the world could be converted to Christ; discarding all human creeds and confessions of faith.

A society was formed in Washington, Pennsylvania, for the purpose of propagating these sentiments. Soon after two churches were organized, and these agreed in the purpose of absolute and rejection of human authority in matters of religion, and the determination to stand by each other upon the -proposition that the Holy Scriptures are all sufficient, and alone sufficient as the subject matter of faith and rule of conduct, and that therefore, they would require nothing as a matter of faith or rule of conduct, for which they could not give a " thus saith the Lord," either in express terms or by approved precedent. This was the beginning of the great reformatory movement known as the great reformation of the nineteenth century. Since this early beginning it has spread into all the states and territories of the federal union, where the number of communicants is now six hundred thousand. They are also numerous in Canada, Jamaica, the British Isles, Australia, and a few are to be found in France, Norway and Turkey.,

They also control a large number of fine colleges and schools. Among these may be named Bethany College, founded by Alexander Campbell, in West Virginia; Butler University, Indiana; Kentucky University; Hiram College, Ohio; Oskaloosa College, Iowa; Math others too tedious to mention.

They also have their share of men in public places in the government, both state and federal. The most prominent among these is James A. Garfield, president of the United States, and Judge Jeremiah Black, of the supreme bench.

Schools Of Washington

The first school in Washington was taught in 1813, by Samuel Loofborrow, in a double log house (one part of which he used for a dwelling), on the corner of Paint and Hind streets. The school, as was common in those days, was made up by subscription, and could not have continued more than one or two terms, for in 1814 the iirst building intended for school purposes in the village was built, and James Webster installed as teacher. This was a rough, round log structure, 16x18, with clapboard roof, fastened with weight-poles, and was minus a floor. The door was also made of clapboards, arranged horizontally, and secured by wooden pegs. One side of the frame extended above and below some inches, the lower end resting in a notch cut in the sill, or bottom log, and the iipper end was fastened by pins, driven obliquely into the log above on each side, and served as a hinge to the door. The sill mentioned above was more than two feet in diameter, and it was with difliculty that the smaller .children got over it into the school house. Of course it was supplied with the customary greased paper window lights, and was heated by the huge old-fashioned fire-place peculiar to those primitive days.

This building was located on the northeast side of Market, between Fayette and North streets, on in-lot No. 47, now in possession of Colonel H. B. Maynard, and occupied a part of the present situation of the old frame Methodist Episcopal Church.

Webster was followed as teacher in this building by James Clark, an Irishman, who taught here till the house was abandoned in 1816, when school was held in the old court house for some years.

About the close of Grovesnor's services, a log school house was erected on the corner of Market and Hind streets, and was occupied first by a man named Pearson. The house was built of round logs, which were "scutched" after the building was erected, and was located where the mill now stands, on the southeast corner.

Norman F. -Tones was Pearson's successor here, and continued till the house was abandoned. After this, school was held in the old court house, and in unoccupied buildings in different parts of the town, till 1828, when a small, one-story brick house was erected on Market Street, between Mnin and Fayette streets, which now forms a part of the dwelling of Richard Millikan ; but on account of some illegal technicality concerning the levy or appropriation made for the building of this house, it was thrown on the hands of the school trustees, but was afterward rented and occupied for school purposes principally till 1845, when a two-story frame school house was built on the site of the old log building, on the corner Market and Hind streets, and is now a part of the steam mill operated by Joseph Allen.

This house was used till the present union school building, on North Street, between Temple and Paint streets, was completed, in 1856, which originally was two stories high, sixty-five feet square, and contained eight rooms, four above and the same number below, with a ten-foot hallway leading through both the upper and lower stories of the building. The house, and site of three acres of ground, cost about fourteen thousand dollars. In 1872, another story and a steam heating apparatus were added, at a cost of eight thousand three hundred dollars.

The following is a list of some of the early teachers since Norman F. Jones, arranged as nearly in their proper order as possible, in the absence of records to guide us :

Secret. Organizations

Temple Lodge No. 227, was instituted in a hall in the attic story of the old brick building on Court Street, northeast of Fayette, over the printing office, March 13, 1854, hy the Most Worthy Grand Master of Ohio, William G. Neilson, who delivered the charter to

Union Toavnship

The lodge continued to meet in that old attic room for about two years, when they removed to the third story of J. F. Ely's frame building, on the corner of Main and East streets, where they also remained about two years. They then secured the third story of a new brick building on Court Street, built b}" Z. W. Ileagler, and which is now the central room in the Yeoman Block. This was unfinished, but the lodge finished and furnished it, and made them there a comfortable home for about sixteen years.

In the spring of 1873, they organized the Odd-Fellows Building Association, which bought a piece of ground on Court Street, southwest from the Vandeman corner, and proceeded to build thereon a tine business building; and in the spring of 1874 the lodge removed to their beautiful and commodious new hall in this " Odd- Fellows' Building," it being one of the largest and best lodge rooms in the state, and handsomely furnished.

In the following October, on the night of the 13th, the "fire fiend" claimed for his own this splendid temple, with all the furniture, pharaphernalia, regalia, records, and other property of tlie lodge, not a single thing being saved.

A meeting of the lodge was called, and held in the Masonic Hall, which was kindly tendered for the purpose, on the night after the fire, at which there was a very large attendance ; and it was then unanimously resolved to rebuild the building and hall. This was at once entered upon, and in the winter arjd spring of 1875, a new building arose, phffiuix-like, upon the ashes of the first, equal to it in size and beauty.

The lodge furnished the new room very well, though not quite so elegantly as the first one, and moved into it on the 6th day of November, A. D. 1875, where they have continued to meet to the time of this writing.

During the building of the second hall, the lodge met in tlie third story of the First National (now the Peoples and Drovers) Bank building.

for existence the first two years; whpn, on the anniversary of the order (April 26, 1856), Dr. Strickland, of Cincinnati, came here at their solicitation and delivered a public address upon Odd-Fellowship, in the old Methodist Church, which was followed by a number of very valuable accessions to the lodge, and from that time on it has had a steady and substantial growth, until at this writing it numbers one hundred and thirty active members, and has upon its rolls the names of many of our best and most prominent citizens.

Representatices to the Grand Lodge. - There have been only three from Temple Lodge, as follows : Colonel S. N. Yeoman, elected in 1856; Judge J. B. Priddy, elected in 1870; and the present representative from the district, J. N. Vandeman, Esq., elected in 1878, and re-elected in 1880.

District Deputy Grand Masters. - Captain John M. Bell was the first District Deputy Grand Master, appointed in 1856, and John L. McKee is the present one, appointed in June, 1881.

Officers. - The first elective ofiicers of the lodge were: Captain John M. Bell, Noble Grand; Colonel S. K Yeoman, Vice Grand; M.Livingston, liecording Secretary; William H. Lanum, Permanent Secretary; John Backenstoe, treasurer.

The present ones are: S. M. Stein, Noble Grand; P. Sheerman, Vice Grand; E. S. Stinson, Recording Secretary; John L. McKee, Permanent Secretary; A. L. Reid, Treasurer; S. W. Cissna, Dr. O. A. Allen, Bowman Hess, Dr. S. S. Salisbury, and S. L. Hooker, Trustees.

The Fathers. - Of the charter members, only two remain - Brothers Colonel Yeoman and William H. Lanum. The others have laid down their armor, and rest in the silent cities of the dead.

Of those who were initiated on the night of institution, only Brother John Millikan still has his connection with the lodge, two of the others having gone West years ago, and removed their membership there, and the other one is dead.

Patriarchal Branch. - Fayette Encampment No. 134, was instituted by Grand Patriarch C. G. Russell, May 17, A. D. 1871, in the Odd-Fellows' Hall, on Court Street. The charter was delivered to L. C. Karney, Colonel S. N. Yeoman, C. L. Getz, Dr. 0. H. Saxton, M. Blanchard, W. S. Stewart, J. C. King, William Wilts, and Charles Duflfee. There were eleven persons admitted on the night of institution.

The encampment grew very rapidly for about three years, when it suffered the loss of a good many of its members, by reason of the institution of encampments at Sabina and Greeniield, from which it has never fully recovered. It numbers at this writing forty active members. It, too, was "burnt out" and lost everything at the time the lodge building was destroyed, in October, 1874.

The present officers are : S. L. Hooker, District Deputy Grand Patriarch ; Mark Howell, Chief Patriarch ; John L. McKee, High Priest; Marshall Hyer, Senior Warden; Frank A. Murry, Junior Warden; J. ]^. Vandeman, Scribe; John B. Shum, Treasurer; John L. McKee, John B. Shum, and John I^. Vandeman, Trustees.

Masonic

Fayette Lodge iS'o. 107, Free and Accepted Masons, was instituted and commenced work in Washington C. IL, Ohio, December 7th, A. L. 5839, (A. D. 1839,) pursuant to a dispensation granted by the Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, under date of November 29, 1839. It was dedicated December 26, 1840, by tlie M. W. Grand Master, Bro. W. J. Bees, under a charter granted by the Grand Lodge of Ohio, bearing date October 22, 1840.

The charter members of this lodge were Joel S. Bereman, Sam-- uel F. Yeoman, Samuel Millikan, Joseph Bell, Jacob Ott, Valentine Coil, and Daniel McLean.

Bro. McLean is the only charter member now living, and is the oldest affiliating Mason in Fayette County. He was initiated an Entered Apprentice, July 2, 1825 ; passed to the degree of Fellow Craft, and raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason, August 6, 1825, by Hillsboro Lodge No. 38. He has taken all the degrees up to and including Knights Templar, and is an active member of all the bodies.

The following are the officers who have filled the several stations in the lodge, from the date of its organization, in the year 1839, up to the present time, 1881 :

Royal Arch Masons. - Fayette Chapter, No. 103, was organized July 1, 1867, under a dispensation granted by Grand High Priest George Eex, and signed by the following companions : John Turk, 8. JS". Yeoman, J. W. Cleveland, Mills Gardner, E. L. Ford, Lewis Cook, Adison Bybee, Benjamin F. Mouser, and James F. ^\y. The officers under the dispensation were as follows : John M. Tuf-k, High Priest ; S. N. Yeoman, King ; J. W. Cleveland, Scribe ; J. F. Ely, Captain of the Host ; Mills Gardner, Principal Sojourner ; Lewis Cook, Koyal Arch Captain; E. L. Ford, M. of 3d V. ; Adison Bybee, M. of 2d V. ; Benjamin Mouser, M. of 1st V.

The first election was held j^ovember 6, 1867, and the following officers were chosen : J. M. Turk, High Priest ; S. N. Yeoman, King; J. F. Ely, Scribe ; J. W. Cleveland, Captain of the Host; Mills Gardner, Principal Sojourner; W. P. Cleveland, Royal Arch Captain ; A. M. Stimson, M. 3d V. ; Conrad Garris, M. 2d V. ; B. F. Mouser, M. 1st v.; B. H. Millikan, Secretary; John Miser, treasurer; L. C. Karney, Guard.

My Commandery No. 28, K. T. - A dispensation, dated August 30, 1876, was granted by the R. E, Grand Commander of Ohio, to the following Sir Knights, to form and open a commandery of Knights Templar, and the appendant orders, in Washington Court House, to be called Ely Commandery:

The first conclave of the new commandery was held in Masonic Hall, Washington Court House, on the 11th day of October, 1876, at which the following applications for the orders of knighthood were presented :

These applications were, by permission of the R. E. Grand Commander, balloted for at once, after which the commandery adjourned until the following evening, for the purpose of conferring the Orders of Knighthood on the above named applicants.

The first knight created was Daniel McLean, the oldest Mason in the county. He was made a Master Mason in Hillshoro, Ohio, in July, 1825, and was in his seventy-second year when created a knight.

A charter was granted by the Grand Comniandery, August 27, 1877. Since the organization eighty-three knights have been created, and four received on diniit. There have been ten withdrawals on diniit, seven suspensions, and death has also stricken from the roster the following worthy Sir Knights : George H. Smith, of Wilmington, Ohio, in 1878; M. S. Creamer, in 1879 ; and Henry E. Browne, in 1881.

The comniandery has participated in two National Triennial Conclaves - at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1877, and at Chicago, in 1880. It is now in a,tlioroughly prosperous and growing condition.

The. Crusade

Three movements for the suppression of intemperance, nearly allied to each other in mode of operation, and almost simultaneous in organization, were set on foot in three dift'erent localities. Washington Court House can not, strictly speaking, claim priority of organization, yet while the other movements never reached beyond the limits of the point of initiation, and proved in themselves local and ephemeral, the seed fell upon good ground in Washington, and sprang up, grew, and multiplied, forming a nucleus from which it has radiated in every direction all over the civilized world, wielding an influence that is felt by every nation, morally, socially, and

On the evening of December 24, 1873, the Lecture Association of Washington Court House had in its course a lecture on "Our Girls," by Dio Lewis. During the evening he dwelt somewhat largely upon the havoc being made by tobacco and ardent spirits, and ottered to suggest a new plan for fighting the liquor traffic, which, he asserted, if carefully adhered to, would close every saloon in the place in one week's time. The proposition was heartily accepted, and a meeting appointed for Christmas morning, at 10 a. m., in the Presbyterian Church.

At the appointed hour on Christmas morning a large congregation assembled in the Presbyterian Church, eager to see the plan of Dr. Lewis inaugurated with all earnestness and prayer. "Awake ! awake! put on thy strength, 0 Zion!" was sung by the choir; prayer by one of the pastors, and reading of a Bible selection by Dr. Lewis, who at once proceeded to his work. We will attempt no report of his words; suffice it to say that his arguments were unanswerable, and his expose of the fallacious subterfuges presented by temperate drinkers was complete. For one hour, argument, illustration, appeal, and demonstration, followed in rapid succession, until at the conclusion of the address the entire audience were ready to heartily indorse the plan presented, and there was organized one of the grandest reformator}^ movements of the age - the movement now so well and fitly known as the " Woman's Crusade."

On motion of Dr. Lewis, three secretaries were elected and instructed to report the names of all the women present, as a committee of visitation, whose business should be to go in a body to each of these places, and personally appeal to the proprietors of the same to stop the business at once, and seek other means of livelihood. This committee was to enlist for the war - that is, to keep up the work until accomplished.

On motion of Dr. Lewis, a secretary was appointed to take the names of a number of men, to be called a committee of responsibility, who should furnish pecuniary means needed in the prosecution of tliis work. William Millikan, sen., was elected to this office, and in a few moments the following persons volunteered for this committee :

The committee appointed to present the names of the ladies, offered the following names, all of whom were unanimously elected, and better still, nearly all served in daily work :

On motion of Dr. Lewis, a committee of these ladies was appointed to draw up an appeal to our citizens engaged in the liquor business. The chair appointed Mrs. George Carpenter, Mrs., A. C. Hirst, and Mrs. A. E. Pine, to serve on this committee. Mrs. B. Ogle was then added to this committee of appeal. Closing appeals of stirring power were made by Dr. Lewis and Rev. A. C. Hirst; and after a vote of thanks to Dr. Le\vis, for his work among us, the meeting adjourned to convene in the Methodist Church and hear the reports of the committees appointed.

Temperance was the all-absorbing theme on that day around every Christmas board, and upon all the street corners. In the evening a prayer-meeting was held in the Methodist Episcopal Church, at which time the chairman of the committee on appeal, Mrs. M. G. Carpenter, reported the following:

"Knowing, as you do, the fearful effects of intoxicating drinks, we, the women of Washington, after earnest prayer and deliberation, have decided to appeal to you to desist from this ruinous traffic, that our husbands, brothers, and especially our sons, be no longer exposed to this terrible temptation, and that we may no longer see them led into those paths which go down to sin, and bring both body and soul to destruction. We appeal to the better instincts of your own hearts in the name of desolated homes, blasted hopes, ruined lives, widowed hearts, for the honor of our communit}', for our happiness, for our good name as a town; in the name of the God who will judge you as well as ourselves; for the sake of your own souls, which are to be saved or lost, we beg, we implore you, to cleanse yourselves from this heinous sin, and place yourselves in the ranks of those who are striving to elevate and ennoble them-

This appeal was adopted, and has since been used very generally, not only in Ohio, but in several other sfates. Many prayers and earnest words were uttered, and the meeting adjourned to reassemble Friday morning in the Methodist Episcopal Church, at 9:30 a. m-

On Friday, December 26, 1873, the meeting convened, pursuant to adjournment, in the Methodist Episcopal Church. The services were opened with singing and prayer, and reading of the Scriptures. One hundred copies of the appeal, to be presented to dealers in intoxicating drinks, were ordered to be printed and circulated throughout the community. Mr. John S. Foster and Mr. Allen Heagler were appointed to attend to this business.

A call for volunteers being made, Mrs. Dr. Dennis, Mrs. Hopkins, Mrs. Getz, Mrs. Blakemore, Mrs. Gardner, and Mrs. Johnson, added their names. Mrs. J. L. Vandeman and Mrs. D. McLean were appointed to lead the procession, and Mrs. George Carpenter was appointed captain and reader of the appeal. Mrs. A. E. Pine was elected to lead the singing, and Mrs. M. V. Ustick was elected secretary.

And now came the most interesting moment of this meeting. More than forty of the best women in the communit}^ were to go forth on their errands of mercy. There was much trembling of hearts, much taking hold on God, much crying, and supplication in prayer. Such a scene was never witnessed in Washington. Down the central aisle of the church marched these women to their work, while the brethren continued^ in prayer to the Almighty, that he would be with these people as they went from place to place, with Christian song and prayer, to appeal, face to face, in their various places of business, to those men who were at work selling liquor, the tolling of the church bell keeping time to the solemn march of the women, as the}^ wended their way to the first drug store on the list.

The number of places within the city limits where intoxicating drinks were sold was fourteen - eleven saloons and three drug stores. Here, as in every place, they entered singing, every woman taking up the sacred strain as she crossed the threshold. This was followed by the reading of the appeal, and prayer; then earnest pleading with the saloon keeper to desist from his soul-destroying traffic, and sign the dealers' pledge.

The novel procession created the wildest excitement on the streets, and was the subject of conversation to the exclusion of all others. The work of the ladies was thoroughly done. JS"ot a den escaped. Into the front door, filling both the front and back rooms. Pra3^er, followed by Bible arguments, was the answer to the excuses of these men. Down into the cellar, everywhere, they went with the same eloquent plea: " We pray you to stop this!" "We mean you no hurt!" "We beg you to desist!" In tears the mothers, wives, and sisters, pleaded for their cause.

Thus, all the day they went from place to place, without stopping even for dinner or lunch, till five o'clock, meeting with no marked success. But invariable courtesy was extended them; not even their reiterated promise, "We will call again," seeming to offend.

No woman who has ever entered one of these dens of iniquity on such an errand, needs to be told of the heart-sickness that almost overcame them as they, for the first time, saw behind those painted windows or green blinds, and entered the little, stifling "back room," or found their way, down winding steps, into the damp, dark cellars, and realized that into such j^laces those they loved best were being landed, through the allurements of the brilliantly lighted drug store, the fascinating billiard table, or the enticing beer gardens, with their siren attractions. A crowded house at night, to hear the report of the day's work, betrayed the rapidly increasing interest in this mission.

Saturday morning, December 27th, after an hour of prayer, an increased number of women went forth again, leaving a number of men in the church, who continued in prayer all day long. Every few moments the tolling' bell cheered the hearts of the crusaders, by pealing forth the knowledge that another supplication had ascended for their success, meanwhile notes of progress being sent by the secretary to the church from every place visited.

On this day the contest really began ; and at the first place the doors were found locked. With hearts full of compassion, the women knelt in the snow upon the pavement, to plead for the divine influence upon the heart of the liquor dealer, and there held their first street prayer-meeting.

At night the weary, but zealous workers, reported at mass-meeting the various rebuft's, and the success, in having two druggists sign the pledge not to sell, except upon the written prescription of a physician.

' The Sabbath was devoted to union mass-meeting, with direct reference to the work in hand; and on Monday the number of ladies had increased to nearly one hundred. That day (December 27th) is one long to be remembered in Washington, as the day upon which occurred the first surrender ever made by a liquor dealer of his ^stock of liquors, of every kind and variety, to the women, in answer to their prayers and entreaties, and by them poured into the street. Nearly a thousand men, women, and children, witnessed the mingling of beer, ale, wine, and whisky, as they filled the gutters and were drank up by the earth, while bells were ringing, men and boys shouting, and women singing and praying to God, who had given the victory.

But on the fourth day the campaign reached its height, the town being filled with visitors from all parts of the county and adjoining villages. Another public surrender, and another pouring into the street of a larger stock of liquors than on the previous day, and more intense excitement and enthusiasm.

Mass-meetings were held nightly, with new victories reported constantly, until on Friday, January 2d, one week from the beginning of the work, at the public meeting held in the evening, the secretary's report announced every liquor dealer unconditionally surrendered, some having shipped their liquors back to wholesale dealers, others pouring them in the gutters, and the druggists having all signed the druggists' pledge.

Morning prayer and evening mass meetings continued daily, and the personal pledge was circulated till over one thousand signatures were obtained. Physicians were called upon to sign a pledge not to prescribe ardent spirits when any other substitute could be found, and in no case without a personal examination of the patient.

A prop'erty holder's pledge was also circulated - pledging men not to rent or lease property to be used as saloons, nor to allow any dealings of the liquor traflic to be carried on upon any premises belonging to them. This pledge was generally signed by holders of real estate.

answer to that call on Monday, January 12, a committee consisting of Profs. Morehonse and Dean, and Mrs. M. G. Carpenter, Mrs. Judge McLean, Mrs. Judge Priddy, and Miss Annie Ustick went to Ilillborougli, spent the evening in attendance upon a mass meeting there, and next forenoon in prayer and conference with the workers, returning in time to attend the mass meeting at home, bringing with them encouraging words.

By this time, the new method of fighting whisky began to attract the attention of the press and people in surrounding places, and meetings were announced to be held in every village and school district in the county ; committees of ladies and gentlemen were sent out to assist in these meetings. Committees were also sent, by request, into all adjoining counties, the meetings being constantly kept up at home and all the while gaining in interest. Early in the third week, the discouraging intelligence came that a new man had taken out license to sell liquor in one of the deserted saloons, and that he was backed by a whisky house in Cincinnati, to the amount of |5,000, to break down this movement. On Wednesday, the 14th, the whisky was unloaded at his room. About forty women were on ;the ground and followed the liquor in, and remained holding an uninterrupted prayer meeting all day and until 11 o'clock at night.

The next day - bitterly cold - was spent in the same place and manner without fire or chairs; two hours of that time the women being locked in, while the proprietor was oft' attending atrial. On the following day, the coldest of all the winter of 1874, the women were locked out and stood on the street holding religious services all day.

Next morning a tabernacle was built in the street just in front of the house, and occupied for the double purpose of w^atching and prayer through the day, but before night the sherift' closed the saloon and the proprietor surrendered; thus ending the third week.

A short time after, on a dying bed, this four days' liquor dealer sent for some of these women, telling them their songs and prayers had never ceased to ring in his ears, and urging them to pra3' again in his behalf; so he passed away.

About this time came word from Columbus that the Adair Liquor Law was in great danger of being repealed ; consequently the following communication was sent to ever}^ known temperance organization throughout the state :

" Dear Sister - By order of the entire body of our Temperance League, we send you an urgent request that you immediately appoint a committee of not less than six of the most earnest and effective workers, who shall be ready at an hour's notice to respond to the call embodied in the following resolution :

" Resolved, That the secretary of this meeting be requested to correspond with the ladies in all places where the temperance movement is now, or may be progressing, asking the same to appoint a delegation to appear at Columbus when called, if any action of the legislature threatening the safety of the Adair Liquor Law may be contemplated."

" I reached Washington at noon, of January 20, and seeking a beer garden in the vicinity, found the owner in a state of terrible nervousness, as the ladies had spent the forenoon in front of his place. He evidently regarded me as a spy, but was much molified when assured that I was only a journalist, and made voluminous complaints in ' High Dutch ' and low English :

' I got no vitnesses. Dem vimens dey set up a shob on me. But you don't bin a 'bitual drunkard, eh ? l^o, you don't look like him ; veil, coom in, coom in. Vat you vant, beer or vine? I dell you dem vimins is shust awful. Py shinks dey puild a house right in the sthreet, and stay mit a man all day a singin, and oder voolishness. Bud dej- don't git in here once agin, already.'

" In obedience to his invitation, I had entered by the side door - the front was locked and barred - to find four customers indulging in liquor, beer, pigs feet. One announced himself as an ' original Granger,' a second as a retired sailor, while the others were noncommittal. They stated that two spies had just applied for admission - ' men who would come in and drink, then go, and swear they were habitual drunkards under the Adair Law ' - and that accounted for the proprietor's suspicion of me.

" The Adair law I find everywhere to be the great horror of saloon-keepers. It allows any wife or child, or other relative directly interested, to prosecute for the sale of liquor to husband or father ; and almost any one may prosecute for the sale of liquor to an 'habitual drunkard.'

"Whether such a law be just or constitutional there is much dispute ; but it is evident that it gives great opportunity for fraud and blackmailing. It is, however, just now the strong rock of defense of the Ohio temperance people ; and it may be that by its enforcement, some saloon keepers have been driven out of the business who >vould have withstood the prayers of an archangel and all the tears that sorrowing pity ever shed.

"At the saloon just referred to, the house was kept open nearly all night; the sounds of revelry were plainly heard, and in the morning several drunken men came into town, one of whom tumbled down in a livery stable, and went to sleep on a manure pile, from which he was carried to the lock-up. Matters were evidently coming to a crisis, and I went out early, but the ladies reached there in force just before me. I met the proprietor hurrying into town to consult his lawyer, or, as he phrased it, ' to see mein gounsel venn I no got a right to my own broperty.'

" The main body of the ladies soon arrived, and took up a position with right center resting on the door-step, the wings extending each way beyond the corners of the house, and a rearward column along th'e walk to the gate. In ludicrous contrast the routed revelers, who had been scared out of the saloon, stood in a little knot fifty feet away, still gnawing at the pigs feet they had held on to in their hurried flight; while I took a convenient seat on the fence. The ladies then sang -

The effect was inspiring. I felt all the enthusiasm of the occasion, while the pigs feet party, if they did not feel guilty, certainly look- ed so. The shiging was followed by a prayer from Mrs. Mills Gardner, who prayed for the blessing of God on the temperance cause generally, and in this place particularly ; then for the saloon keeper and his family and friends, his house, and all" that loved bira ; and closed with an eloquent plea for guidance in the difficult and delicate task they had undertaken. In one respect the prayer was unsurpassed; it was eminently fitting to the place and the occasion. As the concluding sentences were being uttered, the pro'- prietor and his ' gounsel ' arrived. The ladies paid no attention to either, but broke forth in loud strains :

" I should need the pen of an Irving and the pencil of a Darley to give an adequate idea of the scene. On the one side a score of elegant ladies, singing with all the earnestness of impassioned nature ; a few yards away, a knot of disturbed revelers, uncertain whether to stand or fly; halfway between, the nervous proprietor, bobbing around like a case of fiddle-strings, with a hundred pounds of lager beer fat hung on them, and on the fence by the ladies a reporter scribbling away as if his life depended on it. It was painful from its very intensity.

The song ended, the presiding lady called upon Mrs. Wendels, and again arose the voice of prayer - so clear, so sweet, so full of pleading tenderness, that it seemed she would, by the strength of womanly love, compel the very heavens to open and send down in answer a spark of divine grace that would turn the saloon-keeper from his purpose. The sky, which had been overcast all morning, began to clear, the occasional drops of rain ceased to fall, and a gentle south wind made the air soft and balmy. It almost seemed that nature joined in the prayer.

'Now, ladies, I have a word to say hefore this performance goes any further. This man has employed me as his attorney. He can not speak good English, and I speak for him. lie is engaged in a legitimate business, and you are trespassing on his property and right. If this thing is carried any further you will be called to account in the court, and I can assure you the court will sustain the man. lie has talked with you all he desires to. He does not want to put you out forcibly; that would be unmanly, and he does not wish to act rudely. But he tells you to go. As his attorney I now warn you to desist from any further annoyance.'

" Miss Annie Ustick followed with a fervent prayer. After consultation the ladies decided to leave the premises, and take a position on the adjoining lot. They sent for the ' tabernacle,' a rude frame building they had used in front of Slater's saloon. This they erected on an adjoining lot, put up immense lights to illuminate the entrance to the beer garden, and kept up a guard from early morning till midnight."

For two weeks religious services were held in the tabernacle day and night, and the women were constantly on duty. At the end of that time an injunction was granted the saloon keeper, and the tabernacle was taken down. Suits were then in progress against the two beer sellers, under the Adair Law, and judgments were being obtained in various amounts ; the ladies appearing in force in the court room during each trial, thus giving their moral support tp. their suffering sisters.

On Friday, February 6, another man opened a beer saloon in a new locality. The ladies immediately visited him by committees, and thus spent the day. Next day, however, they took up their stand in front of his door, continuing their services until late in the evening, at which time their force was increased by the entire congregation at mass meeting, who chose to conclude their services with the watchers in front of the saloon.

Monday morning, February 9, all the business houses were closed from 8 to 9 o'clock, to attend the business men's prayer meeting. Large delegations were present from adjoining villages at that early hour. At the meeting, there come a messenger from this man, stating that he would give up his business, which announcement was received with cheers. It was then decided that all who were not enjoined from so doing, should march out to the beer garden before referred to. They were met at the gate by the proprietor, and after a brief consultation with a committee appointed for that purpose, he publicly announced : " You gomes so many I guits. I vill never sell any more beer or whisky." Again the crowd gave vent to their feelings in cheers. Messengers were dispatched to the women, who remained praying in the church, to join them. All the bells commenced ringing, and the procession, numbering two hundred strong, started out to Sullivan's beer house, now the only remaining saloon in the township. Marching up Court Street, the number increased, and amidst the most profound silence the men and women pursued their journey. About halfway there the man in question was met and interviewed. He asked two days to consider, which was granted. The procession then returned, the bells all the time ringing out their chimes upon the crisp morning air. Meetings, morning and evening, continued with unabated interest, and at each came the cry from other points: " Come and help us."

On Wednesday morning, February 11, at mass meeting in the Presbyterian Church, Mr. Sullivan came in and publicly pledged himself to " quit /orei'er the liquor business." A general rejoicing and thanksgiving followed this surrender of the " last man."

As Dr. Dio Lewis had signiiied his intention of again visiting Washington on Tuesday, February 17, that day was appointed as one of general rejoicing and thanksgiving. Accordingly arrangements were made for a mass meeting to be held in Music Hall at 2 p. M. At 1:30 a thousand people were gathered at the depot awaiting the arrival of the train. Promptly at the hour. Dr. Lewis, accompanied by quite a corps of newspaper men, alighted from the car, and was greeted with music from the band and cheers from the vast concourse of people. The address of welcome was made by Mrs. M. G. Carpenter, and after the response by Dr.

Lewis, the remainder of the afternoon was spent in general speech making. The evening was occupied in listening to a lecture by Dr. Lewis, and the day fitly closed by an informal reception given the orators of the occasion, at the home of one of the crusaders.

At the spring election for mayor and city council, temperance was made the issue, and from motives of policy the temperance men brought out conservative candidates. The other party did the same thing. The whisky party were successful, and emboldened by that success, many of the former saloonist gradually reopened their business. Since that time, five of these men have gone to render to God an account for their violated vows.

"The word of the Lord is true from the beginning, and he that being often reproved, hardeneth hie neck, shall suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedyr"

The summer was given up to the defeat of the license clause in the new constitution, which was to come before the people on the 18th of August.

Mass Temperance picnics were a prominent feature of the season, and the untiring zeal of the workers was crowned with success on election day.

During the intervening years, weekly Temperance League meetings have been kept up by the faithful few, while frequent Union Mass Meetings have been held, thus keeping the subject always before the people.

To-day, the disgraceful and humiliating fact exists, that there are more places where liquors are sold than before the crusade. Does any one ask the result of all this labor, and if the movement was a failure? We answer to the first question of results: The idea that women are to take an active part in the great conflict between Religion and the Rum power, was evolved by this very crusade. None saw quicker than the women themselves the weak and strong points of the movement, and these praying bands have be- . come thoroughly organized Women's Christian Temperance Unions; and reform clubs, reading rooms, coflfee houses, and friendly inns are the outgrowth of these " Unions." Other countries have felt the impulse, and the best women of Europe and Canada are being organized into" " Leagues " and " Unions."

Another result was the great International Women's Temperance Convention, held June 10th to 12th, and World's Congress on the 13th day of June of the centennial year, in the land that gave the crusade its birth, where were convened representatives from our own kind, from every country in Europe, from the Sandwich Islands and Japan, to pray and plan together as to the best means for carrying forward this great work.

Was this movement then, a failure? No ! N'o! The long list of reformed lives, the restored happiness and prosperity of once desolated homes, the still longer list of our noble young men, who were arrested in their first downward steps in the path of intemperance and ruin, and whose upright and useful lives will be standing monuments of good for years to come ; who dares to compute such results? The improved public sentiment, banishing the wine cup from the social circle, from the sideboards and cellars of respectable homes, the awakening and uniting of all Christian hearts in one grand work for God and humanity. All these are the outgrowth of a reformation which has since belted the world - the most farseeing being utterly unable to grasp its results.

During the winter of 1876, a grand banquet was given the Ohio General Assembly, Judiciary and Military ofiicers, by some of the prominent citizens of our capital city. No labor or expense was spared in ministering to the comforts or pleasure of the guests, yet no wine was to be found in all that banquet hall. One of the hosts of th*e evening remarked, that " before the ' Women's Crusade,' the giving of such an entertainment without wine would have beeri impossible."

A failure? No! Eternity alone will unfold the glorious success of that work. To have banished liquor from the land, as at first the movement seemed to promise, would have been a miracle, and God does not now work in such manner, and the work we feel he meant to do in this crusade, was to rouse up his people to a sense of their duty, to awaken his church which seemed to be strangely indifferent, and asleep to this terrible evil. Thus he crowned the movement with success, and while his followers believe and trust Him, the good work will go on to completion, for - cade of years has liitted by, and where are we now in this great reform, in wliicli tlie citizens of Fayette County have so much reason to rejoice in their' having led the van. For while Dr. Dio Lewis inaugurated a similar movement in three other places during the same winter before it was started here, it would have been classed as the idle vagary of a bewildered brain, but for the nuirvelous success which attended it lirst in Washington, and gave it a " local habitation and a name " which struck fire there, and has been answered by tiarne upon every hill top in almost every state of 'our land.

Among the later outgrowths of the crusade was the Murphy movement, which counts its reformed men by the thousands ; and the Reynold's movement of almost equal proportions - waves of reform which have swept across the nation from Maine to the sunny Pacific slopes, and brought happiness and comfort to untold thousands. But above all, stands our thoroughly organized " Women's Christian Temperance Union," representing twenty-seven states and thirty-one thousand six hundred and thirty earnest, devoted Christian women, pledged to the cause for life. This mighty host of workers are making themselves heard and felt on our platforms, in our pulpits, through our legislative halls, and all over our land ; and must be a great " power behind the throne " of our law makers.

They are moving in every direction ; introducing temperance lessons in Sabbath-schools, and scientific temperance into public schools and colleges, forming juvenile temperance schools ; inducing corporations and employers to require total abstinence in their employes ; scattering temperance literature broadcast in the land, infiuencing the spirit of the press, working in our jails, prisons, among foreign population, Indians, and colored people ; establishing drawing-room meetings, reading rooms, and friendly inns to save the unfortunate victims of this cause, by reaching out a helping hand and to bind the work together by . publishing a sprightly organ, " Our Union," which should be in the hands of every temperance woman. In many of these lines of work, Fayette County is showing herself worthy of the spirit which could inaugurate so wonderful a movement.

At the last annual convention held in Boston, October, 1880, there gathered such numbers, such eloquence and power, such devotion to God and temperance, and such faith in the triumph of bur cause, that the proud old city felt her pulses stirred, and her soul quickened with such an awakening upon this subject as she had never felt before. On the Sabbath immediately following the close of convention, twenty-four Boston pulpits were filled by members of that convention, who spoke to crowded audiences in earnest, burning words. Upon this all important theme, later, during inaugural week in our capital city, our gifted President, MissWillard, honored herself, and the great body she represented, in presenting to the nation the portrait of Mrs. Hayes, who will always be " honored among women" as having first banished the fateful cup from our national home, America's highest social pinnacle; thus setting an example to all other lands.

We are saddened when we recall the old crusade days as we find so many vacant places, and long for the touch of vanished hands, and the sound of voices that are still.

We are indebted to Mr, M, Herbert for the following exhaustive account (with very slight changes) of the newspapers and newspaper men of this county. Not only does his excellent article embrace these, but much matter of great historic interest is also incorporated :

Of the pioneer press of the county, we have found it impossible to procure necessary material or information wherewith to compile such a record as would enable us to present to our readers a clear and succinct summarizing.

Of the earlier newspaper publishers, none are left to enlighten us as to their varied experience, by detailing the many perplexities and annoyances which encompassed and surrounded them in prosecuting their. labors. Their brightest thoughts and chief chroniclings lay buried with them.

But a few fragments of pioneer journalism remain - but a few scattering numbers of the many and different newspapers published here "in the long ago" can now be found - and relics historic they are truly! serving forcibly to remind us that we of to-day are also makers of history, and that they who come after us may regret that we did not better keej) and store the record.

Freedom S Advocate

The lirst newspaper published in Fayette County, was issued here on Saturday, February 21, 1829, by Joel S. Bereman. It was styled Frcedorii's Adoocate. Mr. Bereman came here from Ilillsboro, in the adjoining county of Highland, where he had studied the intricacies of "the art preservative." Through the columns of his jourual, he promulgated and advocated Whig doctrines and principles. We have seeii but one copy (No. 13) of the paper, which is now in possession of one of his daughters, Mrs. M. V, Logan, of this place. It is considerably frayed, and presents an aged appearance. Mrs. Logan prizes it highly. It is encased in a frame, under glass, so that both sides may be read without danger of further mutilation in handling and perusing.

In the Advocate of date mentioned, there is published a portion of a letter from one of the engineers of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, who was then sojourning in England in the interest of that great thoroughfare, the letter bearing date Liverpool, February 4, 1829, and in which the writer mentions having traveled on the Stockton and Darlington Railroad. The distance (twelve miles) between the points named, he says, was traversed in about an houi* and a half, the locomotive engine and "wagons" in the train weighing about eighty tons. In those days, with such a load, that was considered rapid transit! The letter writer further says that "the snow had just been scraped off the rails, so that they were not in the best state for locomotion,'' and that experiments made before snow fell, on a down grade of ten feet per mile, iifteen miles per hour, with a load of about seventy tons were made. The engineer closes his letter by saying : " Upon the whole, we have every conlidence that we shall succeed with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad." The letter was tirst published in the Baltimore Auierican, which journal still has existence.

Mention is made of a steam canal boat, a packet called the " Enterprise," which had then commenced running between Cincinnati and Dayton, at speed-rate of four miles per hour! The cabin contained, twenty-seven berths, and two cords of wood were used as fuel in making the trip, as stated by the Dayton Journal at the time. It was also stated that George Washington Adams, son of Ex- President John Q. Adams, was- lost overboard from the ship Benja- mill Franklin, on the morning of April 30, 1829, while the vessel was on her way to New York - from what port not mentioned. Among the Advocate's selections is a chronological list of the principal officers of the United States Government under the constitution, from 1789 to 1829. An interesting compilation for tjie time.

From the advertising columns we learn that Joseph Bloomer was sheriif of this county in 1829, and that Samuel Millikan was deputy clerk of court. A. Johnson and H. L. Akin were hotel keepers here then, the former being landlord of " Washington Hall," and the latter of the " Washington Hotel." Andrew Holt was engaged in the business of wool-carding here, and John Messmore at Isaiah Pancoast's factory, on Deer Creek. Benjamin S. Yeoman announces that he has commenced the Windsor chair-making business at the shop formerly occupied by Samuel F. Yeoman, in Wayne Township. Samuel Lydy and Joel Bohrer publish notices of partnership dissolution, Mr. Lydy stating that he would still continue to sell groceries and liquors at the old stand. Thomas Rickey was then conducting the tailoring business here.

The Advocate of date referred to contains but one local news item, and that of an advertising character, while there is but one original general news item in the issue - brief mention of a fire in Cincinnati ! Such a newspaper, nowadays, would be of brief existence. Yet, when it is understood that rags, feathers, beeswax, tallow, flour, sugar, bacon, oats, wheat, and deer-skins, were taken in payment of subscription (two dollars per annum), editorial labor was doubtless but poorly recompensed then.

Some time in 1831, as we are informed, Arthur Critchfield became proprietor of Mr. Bereman's establishment, and issued therefrom the People's Palladium, a Democratic journal. We have fiiiled to procure a copy of the paper.

Washington Herald

In the fall of 1832, the office, we are told, passed into the possession of S. F. Yeoman and S. Lydy, who commenced the publication of the Washington Herald, the tone of which was Democratic, Mr. Yeoman, as our informant states, "furnishing the brains" in its editorial conduct.

We have before iis four copies of the Washington Herald and Fayette County Bcgister. The first (No. 35 of Vol. 1) is dated Friday morning, May 31, 1833. The name of S. Lyd}^ appears as proprietor, and that of William Hill as printer and publisher. In his published prospectus the proprietor announces that '-the columns of the paper shall be open to all well-written essays, either on politics, morality, literature, or religion ; but at no time shall anything like personal vituperation or political invective be encouraged or inserted." In. the announcement of terms of publication, notice is given that " all persons whose names are on the subscription list of the People's Palladium will be considered as subscribers to the Herald nwXW notice to discontinue deli ver}- shall be given;" and that "any person who has been taking this paper, as published by Yeoman k Lydy, wishing to withdraw, will be so good as to give immediate notice."

The Herald above mentioned does not contain a news item of a local character; but the publisher apologizes for its non-appearance at the usual time, "in consequence of having the list of forfeited lands to publish, together with other inconveniences which we (the publisher) have labored under!" From its advertising columns we learn that James Ilenton was auditor, and William S. WiUiams sheriff of the county, in 1833. Daniel McLean and Henry Blystone, jr., were then operating a wool-carding machine here, Mr. Blystone attending to the practical part of the business. The Siamese twins were then on exhibition here, at Stockdale's inn.

The Hercdd of date Wednesday, June 25, 1834, gives the names of Hill & Baird as its publishers, and champions the Whig cause. It contains the proceedings of a Whig meeting held at the court house here on the 21st of that month, on which occasion Dr. T. McGarraugh was appointed president, Benjamin Rodgers, vicepresident, and H. C. Stewart, secretary. The meeting was addressed by Robert Robinson, General W.Vance, William Edwards, and J. S. Bereman. William Vance, Jesse Millikan, sen., and W. A. Ustick, were appointed a committee to report names of delegates to the nominating convention of the then seventh congressional district, to be held in Chillicothe on the 3d of July following. Delegates were chosen as follows: For Union Township, J. S. Bere-

The county auditor (James Henton) publishes a list of receipts and expenditures in the Hcrahl of above date, by which it appears that the total expenditures for the year ending on the last Saturdayin May, 1834, were |4,301.57. Among the listed contingent items, we notice that Samuel Lydy was paid $99 " for publishing list of forfeited lands, expenditures, and notices, in 1833;" and he was. also paid $57 "for publishing list of delinquent lands in 1833, and notices to school clerks." Three dollars and sixty-one cents were paid for paper, pasteboard, chair, etc., for use of auditor's and commissioner's office. The quantity of stationery used in the public offices here in those days must have been immense, and the furniture and fixtures therein at the time quite elaborate ! The latter is simply gorgeous now ! The account of the county treasurer (Benjamin Henton) shows the total receipts for the year to have been $8,845.19.4, including balance in his hands at June settlement in 1833 ($1,368.72.7). The total disbursements for the year were $(3,- 983.88.7, which left a balance in treasurer's hands of $1,861.30.7. Among the receipts we notice that $52 was paid for tavern license, and $215 for horse license. Jesse Millikan was clerk of court here in 1834, and postmaster also.

October 22, 1834, the names of Baird & Lydy appear as publishers of the Herald. The issue of 'that date closed the second volilme of its existence. On that day, however, but a half-sheet was printed, for which the publishers apologize, assigning as cause therefor the failure to receive paper in time for that week's issue. In speaking of the election news, the Herald says " the returns come in gloriously from all quarters," portending victory for the Whigs. Notice is given that flour, corn meal, corn, potatoes, wheat, oats, hay, tallow, hog's lard, pork in proper season, and fire-wood at all times, would be received in payment of subscription to the ]3aper.

The Herald of November 13, 1834, (No. 3, of third volume,) presents the name of Robert R. Lindsey as the printer and publisher. Through the advertising columns, Messrs. Baird and Lydy give notice that they have disposed of their interest in the office, and call upon those indebted to them for the last year's subscription, or part thereof, to settle their dues at the Herald office. Notice is also given that a petition would be presented to the State Legislature, asking for the creation of a new county to be taken off the counties of Ross, Highland, Adams, Pike and Fayette - Bainbridge to be the county seat. But that quiet village still nestlescosily among the hills of Ross ! Editorial mention is made that " an Englishman by the name of Thompson, in addressing an anti-slavery convention in Augusta, Maine, used language and preached doctrines, which were so offensive to the citizens that a committee of their appointment requested him to leave the place," which request he complied with, but asserted however, that he had " as good a right to lecture on our internal alfairs as we had to send missionaries among the heathen." N. F, Jones, as secretary, notified the board of directors of the county agricultural society, to meet at th^ court house on the 15th of November, 1854. L. P. Reid was the landlord of the " National House," and Joshua Holmes was caterer in " Washington Hall," previously known as " Stockdale's Hotel," in which latter building Jesse MiUikan preceded William Stockdale as hostelry keeper. The Herald, under Mr. Lindsey's management, disseminated Whig doctrine.

Genius Of Liberty

We have also before us three numbers of the Genhis of Liberty, a Democratic journal, printed and published here, in 1834, by J. M. Morgan. The first (No. 14, of volume 1,) bears date Saturday, November 1, 1834, and is but a half-sheet, from which issue the publisher apologizes, making mention that it is the first occurrence of failure to print a whole sheet, " a number of circumstances preventing the appearance thereof." It chronicles the destruction of "the splendid mansion of President Jackson," near Nashville, Tennessee, by fire, on the 14th of the preceding month. Its news columns contain nothing of a local character, but the delinquent tax list occupies nearly an entire page (four of the five columns) of the paper.

The Genius of November 8th, glorilies over the result of the election returns ; the prominent issue then pending being the re-charteriug of the United States Bank, which was favored by the Whigs and opposed b}' the Democrats. The editor says : " The late elections have spoken in a loud voice. The bank and its advocates can not but have heard that voice. It is to them a warning voice. The people have spoken. They have been true to themselves; and by their united efforts, they have rescued their country from the wideextended jaws of a hydra-headed monster."

The Genius of November 15th, after indulging in further exultation over the election returns, gives us an idea as to what was then the method of conducting a partisan newspaper. " And now," says the editor, " come on all the evils that are incident to printers. After battling for many months one party strikes a decisive stroke. That done, all is over * * * To gain so many and such triumphant victories are bad things for a party, but far worse for the printer. While the success of one party lulls them asleep the other is silenced by defeat ; so the printers have nothing to write about nor think about. * * * Q for an election every month ! (cries the editor in conclusion,) that the people might feel and know that they are still in existence ! "

And so the meager mention - the almost total neglect, in fact - of matters local, may be accounted for in those days, politics being then the all-absorbing " stock in trade," especially of the village press. But journalism has changed since that time : The spirit of enterprise has long since crept into and taken control of its direction and management. The " home newspaper " of to-day which does not give special notice to local affairs, is deemed unworthy the patronage and support of the comnmnity wherein it is published. The journalist who takes note of and chronicles, with encouraging word and well-timed encomium, our advancement in the march of progress and improvement is a benefactor ; for he thereby effectively aids in the accomplishment of benelicial results and achievement of mighty deeds.

The prurient newspaper conductor is but a cankerous incubus on journalism ; the slime and filth which he uproots and scatters, proves but pestilential and injurious to the well-l)eing of society, and his noxious ebullitions should be summarily and effectuall}' discountenanced. The journalist who, by decorous use of the pen, causes evil to vanish and righteousness prevail is a moral teacher.

whose good works and wholesome endeavor slionld be fostered and cherished. The political" writer, too, who falsifies in statement and perverts truth, is but a driveler whose frothings should be swept up and carted away as rubbish ; while he who manfully combats misrepresentation by clear citation of fact is to be commended for his candor, and rewarded for his uncompromising advocacy of and adherence to right.

We have been favored with a cop}' of the Genius of Liberty and Democrat RepvMican, (JSTo. 33 of volume 1,) of date Saturday, May 16, 1835. Beneath its lengthy title, the Genius sports the motto : " Unawed by the influence of the rich, the great or the noble, the people must be heard, and their rights vindicated." The names of J. Jamison and W. Loof bourrow are given as its proprietors, and that of William Hill as its editor and printer. It was Democratic in tone.

Editorial mention is made of the issuance by Governor Robert Lucas of proclamation, convening the legislature in special session on Monday, June 8th, then next ensuing, for the purpose of settling difiiculties between Ohio and the then territory of Michigan, relative to the locating of what was termed our northern boundary line. For a time affairs looked warlike, the governors of the state and territory (Lucas of Ohio and Morrow of Michigan^ having each marshalled armed forces in support of their positions and views, as to the adjustment of the question pending - and Buckeye and Wolverene in hostile array confronted each other. The case was peaceably settled, however, by congressional interference in favor of Ohio.

In a local and advertising way, the Genius announces that W. Loof bourrow, one of its proprietors, was appointed a delegate to the National Democratic Convention, which was to meet in the city of Baltimore on the 20th of May. James M. Baird notifies all persons who know themselves to be indebted to the former proprietors of the WashirigtOH Herald, (he being one of said proprietors,) for advertising, subscription, etc., to call immediately and settle with him. Judging from the tenor of his notice, some other party or parties mnst have supposed themselves to be entitled to receive such funds. A conflict had evidently arisen as to who was justly entitled to receive the ducats. Joshua Holmes, landlord of the hotel known as Washington Hall, died on the 7th of May, of typhus fever, in the twenty-fifth year of his age.

The bank of Cliillicothe, (J. Woodbridge cashier,) gave notice that it would furnish sight checks on New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, at premium of half per cent; and that notes of most of the banks in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky would be received in exchange, subject, of course to current discount charge. D. Mc- Lean advertises his wool-carding and fulling establishment for rent. Joseph Bell announces the purchase, by him, of the stockof goods of S. F. Knight & Co., and that lie would continue the general mercantile business at the old stand. Mrs. Robert Wilson was then engaged in the millinery business here. Having a supply of leghorns, she was "-prepared to alter and do up bonnets after the latest fashion." She had on hand boys' silk and Circassian caps ; and would make girls' bonnets, etc., to order.

Matthew J. Ivy then conducted a shaving, hair-cutting and renovating establishment here, in the room formerly occupied by J. L, Millikan as a store. In making the announcement, he says :

" In trimming hair it wanteth taste, To suit the person and the face ; And scraping chins, that tender part, To do with ease requireth art. With scissors sharp and razors keen, 'Tis I can scrape your faces clean ; And last of all, to serve you well, I'll from your clothes the dust expel."

S. A. Smyth was then engaged in the tailoring business here, one door east of L. P. Reid's National House. The prospectus of the Phrenological Journal, the initial number of which was to have been issued on the 1st of August, 1835, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., appears in the Genius of May 16th. Among the news gleanings, under the caption, " Gratifying news from France - favorable report on the American indemnity question," the New York Evening Post states that by packet-ship Sylvie de Grasse from Havre, French papers of March 30th and 31st had been received, which contained the highly gratif3ing intelligence that the committee of the chambers had reported in favor of an appropriation of 25,000,000 francs, being made to comply with the terms of the treaty of July 4, 1831, between the King of the French and the United States.

Political Hornet

In 1836, there was published liere a campaig-n paper styled tlie Political Hornet, wliich advocated the claims of W. H. Harrison for president. The Hornet, we learn, had " numerous contributors," among them Robert Robinson and J. S. Bereman. M. V. Rawlings, now a resident of Missouri, executed the mechanical work on the paper. Mr. Rawlings commenced the study of the printing business here in 1832, in the office of the People's Palladium, under A. Crihfield. We are informed that "the county, up to 1836 had been Democratic ; but that year, by the assertion of many truths and some lies, the Whigs elected the entire county ticket." We have not found a cop}' of the Hornet, but wish we could obtain one. It was, no doubt, a spic}' political sheet.

The Circulator

Saturday, January 6, 1838, Elisha Williams Sexton issued here the first number of a journal styled the Circulator. It was printed in this place, and, as we learn by the third number, dated January 20, 1838, Avas "published simultaneously in Washington and London, in the legislative district composed of the counties of Fayette and Madison," being delivered in London, by private express, on the day of its issue. At that time, according to the published prospectus, there was no other paper " in course of publication within the limits of the district." In the prospectus, Mr. Sexton says : " It is not our intention to publish a strictly neutral journal, inasmuch as we hold the right of expressing our humble opinions too sacred to l)e dispensed with ; yet we will endeavor to make it (the CArcidator) so decorous and mild in its course that the most violent partisan may not take umbrage at it. Our sentiments, (says Mr. Sexton,) in the modern acceptation of the term, are decidedly Whig."

By the Circulator of the date last mentioned, we learn that the Mexicans were about to invade Texas; and Mr. Sexton, in alluding thereto, says: "Hurra for Texas!" The postmaster-general of Texas, it is stated, had appointed Mr. Samuel Ricker, jr., of New Orleans, agent for the post-ofiice department of "that republic." Letters destined for "that country," post-paid to New Orleans and directed to his care, would be forwarded by the regular mails. The phrasiiigs quoted, that repahUc and that coimtry, sound strange now. The closing part of President Van Buren's proclamation relative to the Canadian difficulties then pending, (insurrectionary movements began there in 1837,) and which the Circulator, in publishing, says is just what it anticipated, and as it should be, reads as follows: " Now, therefore, to the end that the authority of the law^s may be maintained, and the faith of treaties observed, I, Martin Van Buren, do most earnestly exhort all citizens of the United States, who have thus violated their duties, to return peaceably to their respective homes ; and hereby warn them, that any person who shall compromit the neutrality of this government, by interfering in an unlawful manner with the neighboring British provinces, will render themselves liable to arrest and punishment under the laws of the United States, which will be vigorously enforced ; and, also, that they will receive no aid or countenance from the government, into whatever difficulties they may be thrown by the violation of the laws of their country, and of the territory of a neighboring and friendly, nation."' The proclamation bore date January 5, 1838.

Some statistics of Fayette County, as compiled from the report of the auditor of state for 1837, are published in the third issue of the Circulator. The number of acres of land in the county is given as 236,265 acres; value of same, including houses, $356,212; value of town lots, including buildings, $33,258; number of horses, 3,565; value of same, $142,600; number of cattle, 5,753; value of same, $46,024; merchants' capital and money at interest, $35,727; number of pleasure. csCrriages, 27; value of same, $1,779 ; tax on physicians and lawyers, $24 ; total amount of taxable propert}^, $615,580; amount of tax paid into state treasury, $7,397.

Other items of interest, of like character, contained in the report, are also published. The greatest amount of tax paid by a single county, during 1837, was by Hamilton, $156,437; the least by Henry, $1,056; greatest number of acres of land in one countj^ was in Trumbull, 556,296 ; least in Wood, 2,956 ; most horses in Richland, 9,141 ; least in Henry, 180 ; greatest number of cattle in Trumbull, 24,107 ; least in Henry, 510.

George Mantle, Samuel SoUars, and James Kirkpatrick, surplus revenue Fund Commissioners of Fayette County, publish a statement, dated January 6, 1838, relative to the condition of said funds, as used in this county. The total amount thereof received from the state was |14,485.92, and it was h^aned to individuals at the rate of 7 per cent, per annum, on personal security. The amount loaned in each township was : Union, |4,350 ; Paint, |4,650 ; Jefferson, |2,350 ; Madison, $1,000 ; Concord, $500 ; Wayne, $1,400 ; Green, $250. The amount due and not in suit was $300. Of the annual income of tlie fund ($1014.01.4) $724,29.6 was appropriated for school purposes, $126.21.8 for county purposes, and $163.50 to defray expenses of management.

In 1835 the United States was out of debt! An occurrence which has hut once (at that time only) transpired in our national history ; nor is it likely ever to occur« again. The funds in the national treasury then increased and rapidly accumulated in excess of the expenditures.

S. F. Yeoman, in a communication to the Circidator of January 20, 1838, defines his position on the question, "Would a well-regulated national bank advance the prosperity of the United States?" Mr. Yeoman took position on the affirmative side of the question. In closing, he says : " I have only to say in conclusion, that ' men change, but principles never.' And I most unequivocally declare that I hold the same principles now that I did prior to the election of General Jackson. I then thought the administration was corrupt, and believed the public good required a change ; and I now think the administration equally corrupt, and most conscientiously believe that the policy recommended by Mr. Van Buren will, if carried into operation, produce a state of unexampled embarrassment in public business, and of general distress to the community."