Knox County, Ohio - Mt. Vernon - Continued, 1881

Mt. Vernon - Continued

EXTRACTS FROM THE OHIO REGISTER AND NorvTON's HIs- TORY CONCERNING THE EARLY DAyYs OF MT. VERNON, 1814 TO 1830. - GROWTH OF THE CITY. - ITS BOUNDA_ RIES. - POPULATION. - A PICTURE OF MT. VERNON IN 1830.

HE OHIO REGISTER, published at the village of Clinton in 1814 and 1815, is a relic of the past, containing a few items worthy of preservation. It was printed in quarto form, pages nine and one-fourth by seven and three-fourth inches, three columns to a page, and published by Smith & McArdle. Mr. Smith was the proprietor of the village of Clinton, and made gigantic but unsuccessful efforts to have his village selected as county seat. He was a man of great energy, and his advertisements showed that he was engaged in many enterprises, among which may be mentioned a dry goods and grocery store, drug store (with Dr. Timothy Burr as prescription clerk), a book store, tan-. yard, real-estate agent, etc. His grocery department was both a wet and a dry one, as appears from the following extract from an advertisement:

Matters worthy of record are to be gathered more from the few advertisements than from the editorials, for the latter are scarce, indeed, hardly ever embracing more than four or five lines of the paper, as the following will make evident:

We have received a copy of the charges exhibited against Brigadier General Hull. Their great length precludes their insertion this week. We shall publish them next week.

The selections of the Register were mostly devoted to the events of the War of 1812, which to the citizens of that day was a theme of great interest.

April 19, 1814, a Dr. Burge offers his services to the citizens of Mt. Vernon and the neighboring "Having," as his advertisement proclaims, "'been a successful practitioner in physic, surgery, and midwifery, he solicits a share of patronage among other gentlemen of the faculty."

James Miller informs the ttade that he is in immediate want of a good journeyman tanner. | All interested are invited to apply to him or Dr. Burr, in Clinton.

June 21, 1814, John Wheeler advertises for "two hundred bushels of wheat, to be delivered at William Douglas' mill during the month of August nexts"

James Waid, Jane White, Thomas White. Such advertisements as the above aid in recalling to memory many of the old pioneer settlers of the city and county.

August 9, 1814, Samuel and James Selby inform the people of Mount Vernon, that they have lately established themselves in the hatting business.

Dr. G. B. Maxfield informs the citizens that he has opened an office in Fredericktown for the practice of his profession, and that he has taken board at the house of John Kerr.

November 19, 1814, Dr. W. Hastings calls upon all those indebted to him to come forward and pay up their liabilities by the twenty-fifth day of December next.

Married - On Tuesday evening, January 24, 1815, by Benjamin Barney, esq., Mr. Seely Simpkins, aged eighty-eight years, to Mrs. Elizabeth Ask, aged twenty-eight.

Mr. George Girty, having purchased the stock in trade of Mr. Gilman Bryant, gives notice under date of February 28, 1815, that he has just received and is now opening in the house formerly occupied by Mr. Bryant, a general assortment of dry goods and groceries from Philadelphia and Baltimore.

George Dickinson gives notice that he has on hand a quantity of chairs and trunks, to which he invites the attention of the people of Mount Vernon and vicinity.

Died - In Clinton, on Friday, April 14, 1815, Mr. Seely Simpkins, sr., aged eighty-eight years. He left a young widow of twenty-eight years of age, and had been married two months and three weeks. About a week previous to his death Mr. Simpkins had been elected to the important office of fenceyiewer.

citizens of Knox county that he has changed his place of residence from the town of Newark to that of Mount Vernon. He respectfully asks a share of the legal practice in the courts of the county.

April 21, 1816, the Ohio Register appears in the town of Mount Vernon, under the sole management of Mr. John P. McArdle, Mr. S. H. Smith retiring, devoting himself to his many enterprises in Clinton. No doubt Mount Vernon afforded better facilities for the enterprise than Clinton, then in its decline, while Mount Vernon was rapidly increasing in population and business.

So far as editorial enterprise is concerned the Mount Vernon Fegister is no improvement on the Clinton Register; marriage and death items generally appearing at the head of the- editorial column.

Major Samuel Kratzer has, by purchase, become interested in the town with Messrs. Patterson, Walker, and Butler, and through the agency of Joseph Brown, offers forty in-lots and out-lots for sale, April 24, 1816.

May 1st, Messrs. Bryant & Burr give notice they have just received a large invoice of new goods. It is presumed the firm was formed by Gilman Bryant and Dr. Timothy Burr, although that fact is not made patent by their advertisement.

'Rates of postage. - On single letters, for any distance not exceeding thirty miles, six cents; over thirty, and not over eighty miles, ten cents; over eighty and not over one hundred and fifty miles, twelve and one-half cents; over one hundred and fifty and not four hundred miles, eighteen and one-half cents; over four hundred miles, twenty-five cents.

Married - on Sunday, May 5, 1816, in Mt. Vernon, by Rev. James Smith, Doctor Timothy Burr, to Miss Rachael Thrift, daughter of the Rev. William Thrift. ;

Sudden Death. - Departed this life on Friday afternoon, May 17, 1816, Samuel Zimmerman, son of Gotleib and Eva Zimmerman of this town, aged eleven years, one month and twentynine days. His death was the consequence of eating a small portion of the root of a wild parsnip, said to be rank poison. His illness was short, but pains excruciating, which terminated his existence in about ten minutes.

of this advertisement is the peculiar spelling in two words; southwest appears as '"'sow west," and sewing is "sowing." These errors may be charged to the printer, and not to the faulty education of the young lady who offers her services to the fair ladies of Mt. Vernon. The editor in his next issue corrects the typographical errors.

In the Register of May 30th, A. and T. Gormly announce that they have opened a new store in Mt. Vernon opposite Mr. Zimmerman's inn, and John Wilson, "with the greatest respect" informs his customers he has just received a fresh supply of new goods.

A meeting of the citizens of Mt. Vernon and its vicinity will be held at the court house to-morrow evening, June 6, 1816, for the purpose of devising ways and means for constructing a bridge across Owl creek at this place. - -Many citizens.

Died.- - On Monday, the 3d instant, Mr. Abner Hill, aged 25 years. His death was occasioned by the fall of a limb of a tree. The premature exit of this young man is sincerely regretted by all those who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. Survivors remember, ''In the midst of life we are in death.""'

June roth, John Mocabee notifies the public that he has taken. the tavern stand well known as the "Rising Sun," in Clinton, formerly occupied by Mr. E. Ogle. His "bar" is supplied with the best of liquors, foreign and domestic.

July 3d, Jonathan and Eli Miller request those indebted to them to come forward and pay up, as they are about proceeding to Philadelphia to purchase their fall goods.

On the same date N.C. Boalse informs the public that he has commenced tavern keeping at the well known stand of John Davidson, in Mt. Vernon, at the sign of the "Traveller's Rest."

Married. - On Sunday evening last, August 11, 1816, by the Rey. James Smith, Mr. Daniel S. Norton, of Connellsville (Pa.), to Miss Sarah Banning, daughter of Mr. Anthony Banning, of this town.

August 21st Mr. James Miller turns his advertisement upside down, and says he has opened a new store in the house lately occupied by Mr. John Wilson, wherein can be found a large and elegant assortment of dry goods, groceries, etc.

The same date appears a notice of a petition to be presented to the next legislature, praying for a law to be framed for incorporating the town of Mt. Vernon.

Samuel Kratzer gives notice, August 28, 1816, "to all whom it may concern," that he shall make application to the next court of common pleas, "to vacate certain streets and alleys in the town of Mt. Vernon, viz.: The east end of Chestnut street, the length of one lot adjoining the graveyard; also, the west end of Sugar street, the length of one lot; likewise, certain streets in the second addition of said town of Mt. Vernon.

William W. Alexander, November 27, 1816, notifies the citizens that he still continues to carry on the tailoring business at his home in Mt. Vernon.

Same date Jesse B. Thomas offers at public auction, "two hundred lots, in the town of Mt. Vernon," the sale to take place on the twelfth of December next.

Perhaps nothing so quickly indicates the decline, or increasing prosperity of a place, as the publication of the uncalled for letters at the post office - thus Samuel H. Smith, postmaster of Clinton, January 1, 1817, publishes a list of seven uncalled for letters - so much for the decline. Gilman Bryant, postmaster for Mt. Vernon, publishes a list of similar letters at the same date, which contains the names of eighty persons doing business with the Mt. Vernon post office.

There swims no goose so grey, but soon or late, She finds some honest gander for a mate. Married. - On Saturday evening, February 22, 1817, by William Douglass, esq., Mr. Elijah Webster, to Mrs. Elizabeth, dis_ consolate widow of Mr. Ask, alias - alias Simkins. ; Died. - Suddenly, on the 8th of March, 1817, Master William T. Bryant, infant child of Gilinan Bryant, esq.

Ohio Missionary Society. - We are authorized to state that a society has been formed in this State, for the laudable purpose of propagating the Gospel among the everlasting heathen of Con_ necticut and the parts adjacent. 'The first meeting of the society will be held in Zanesville, on the 20th of May next, for the purpose of selecting suitable missionaries for the performance of the arduous undertaking. It is hoped that all who are favorable to the cause will contribute their mite to effect so desirable an object.

At the last session of the general assembly of this State, sixty thousand dollars of the three per cent. fund was appropriated to the laying out, making and repairing roads in this State; and appropriated equally among the several counties. For the county of Knox is as follows:

On the road from Mt. Vernon to the north line of Knox county, leading to Mansfield, one hundred and seventy-five dollars; and two hundred and twenty-five dollars from Mt. Vernon to the south line of said county, on the road leading to Newark, by Azariah Davis; and fifty dollars on the road leading from Jonathan Hunt's to Robinson's mill; and one hundred and fifty dollars on the road leading from Mt. Vernon to Coshocton by Abraham Darling's; and fifty dollars on the road leading from John Tibits on Moheken to Mt. Vernon; where the said road intersects the road leading from Coshocton to Mt. Vernon; and two hundred dollars on the new State road leading from Mt. Vernon to Columbus, to be laid out in opening said road; and the sum of two hundred dollars on the said new road leading from Mt. Vernon towards Wooster, to be laid out in opening said road; and the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars, on the State road leading from Mount Vernon to the county line ina direction towards Zanesville, to be laid in opening said road; and fifty dollars on the road from Mt. Vernon to Granville.

On the eighth of January, 1817, says the Southern Patriot, it was so dark in the city of London that candles were lighted at mid-day. Lyvery American knows that the eighth of January is the anniversary of the glorious battle of New Orleans; the result of which literally put the city of London in mourning. It was indeed a dark day for lengland. - £d. Register.

About this time Samuel H. Smith gives notice that he intends to apply to the court of common pleas to vacate the greater part of the town of Clinton.

May 14, 1817, Wilson and Martin it appears have recently established a cabinet shop in the house formerly occupied by I. Wilson as a storehouse, Market Square, Mount Vernon.

The subscribers to the new school-house, proposed to be erected in Mt. Vernon, are requested to meet at Messrs. Richardson and Vore's tavern on Saturday afternoon, June 7, 1817, at four o'clock.

In 1817 there were twenty-two chartered banks in Ohio, among which were the German bank of Wooster, the Granville bank and the Owl creek bank of Mt. Vernon.

On the twenty-sixth of August, 1817, John Williamson, Samuel Pyle, Peter Zarby, James King and William Giffin, millwrights, met at Zimmerman's inn in Mt. Vernon, and established a schedule of prices.

One peculiarity of pioneer days was that all houses kept for the entertainment of "man and beast" were known as "taverns" or "inns." In 1880 such places are unknown. 'The pioneers copied the English inn, and also the manner of making "signs" 'for those establishments. The sign was the most important thing about them, and the most noticeable, being generally suspended in a frame placed on top of a high post in front of the door, and consisting of a brilliantly painted horse, eagle, or some other animal or bird, or the head of some general or other prominent man.

February 4, 1818, another milliner offers her services to the ladies of Mt. Vernon, viz.: Miss Ann Davis, also Miss Mary Lindsey, March 18, 1818, offers "' her services as milliner, mantuamaker and glovist." She could be found at the house of Benjamin Martin, corner of Vine and Market (now Main) streets.

James Smith, April 4, 1818, advertises new goods for sale, in the house of Gilman Bryant, and concludes as follows: '"Clerk's office removed to this stand, and young ladies for sale at seventyfive cents."

In 1814 there were only eleven newspapers published in Ohio; of this number were the Ofzo Register, the Zanesville Lxpress and Muskingum Messenger, printed at Zanesville. Books of all classes, school, history and literary, were published from these early printing-offices. Even the Ohio Register office helped to swell the number, that the literary taste of the early pioneers might be indulged. The first noticed in the columns of the Register of 1814, was 'James Smith's Vindication."

August 1, 1814, Putnam & Israel, of Zanesville, issued notice of their publishing in the office of the Zanesville Zxfress Rollins' ancient history, in eight duodecimo volumes, of four hundred pages, at the low price of one dollar per volume. Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes, Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians were the themes of the different volumes. A great undertaking for a pioneer press.

Smith & McArdle, of the Register office, issued proposals for publishing by subscription, at their office, a history of the American Revolution, written in scriptural, or ancient historical style, by Richard Snowden. To which "will beadded, The

Columbiad, a poem on the American war," in thirteen cantos, by the same author. The price of the volumes, containing between two hundred and twenty and two hundred and fifty pages, duodecimo, was one dollar to subscribers; to non-subscribers, one dollar and twenty-five cents.

In 1816, the Register office having been removed to Mount Vernon, the editor, Mr. McArdle, who was also a bookbinder, gave notice in his paper that the publication of the Odio Register would be suspended for two weeks, as he "had a large amount of binding for the State, which must be done promptly." In 1880, with a population of twenty-seven thousand three hundred and thirty, of which five thousand two hundred and forty-nine are within the limits of Mount Vernon, Knox county has not a bookbinder within its limits.

On the morning of the 4th of July, 1814, the flag of the United States was hoisted near Mr. Zebulon Ashley's dwelling house, on a liberty pole sixty-eight feet in length, and the day was celebrated by a respectable number of the citizens of Strong's settlement and its vicinity. After an elegant dinner eighteen toasts were drank, accompanied with the discharge of musketry. From the number we extract the following:

In February, 1815, George Girty opened at store in Mt. Vernon, and also one in Fredericktown. There was but little increase in the number of business men or in other respects this year. Eas

On the eighth of Aprila 'singing assembly" of ladies and gentlemen, comprising different singing societies in the county, gave a grand concert at the court house in Mt. Vernon, at x o'clock P. M. All persons feeling willing to unite and participate in the exercises came. It was one of the olden kind of gatherings, like the ''old folks' concert"' given in Mt. Vernon this spring of 1862, as we have been assured by one of the vocalists who participated in both '' singing assemblies."

In these war times, when some are disposed to grumble at the low rates soldiers receive, it may be well to remind them of the pay in 1815. In March the pay of non-commissioned officers and privates in the army of the United States was reduced to the following prices: To each sergeant-major and quartermaster-sergeant, nine dollars; sergeants, eight dollars; corporals, seven dollars; teachers of music, eight dollars; musicians, six dollars; artificers, ten dollars, and privates, five dollars.

Samuel Mott had come all the way from Vermont to practice law in the wilderness, and was the first lawyer resident in the county. Enos was the second, who, one of the old settlers, says, had just been made at home, and ''wasn't lawyer enough to burt."

May goth, H. Curtis informs his friends and the public that during the vacations of the courts, clients will find him in the town of Mt. Vernon. In 1817 he became a fixture of the county, and here remained until 1858.

At the October election this whole county polled three hundred and forty-five votes. Alexander Enos was chosen representative; John Shaw, sheriff; Jonathan Miller, commissioner; Dr: W. Hastings, coroner.

Richland county, at this election, gave for representative - Winn Winship, one hundred and fifty-six; A. Enos, twentytwo; Robert McMillen, ten.

'*TAKE NOTICE - That eye have left my wife Isebelah irelands bead and board and eye know furnwan eny person or persons creeaditing hir on my account as eye shall not be accountable for eny of her deats or contracts from this date likewise eye furwan eny person or persons for purchasing eny property whatever til her former deats is al paid up.

The little log school-house on the public square had served its time, and at private houses schools had for some time been kept, when the public spirited men in Mt. Vernon started subscriptions to build another.

June 18th. The small-pox having made its appearance at Newark, caused a great excitement in the quiet village of Mt. Vernon. The inhabitants ran to and fro, not knowing what to do. A public consultation was had, and Dr. R. D. Moore wrote and published a little treatise on the subject, giving the origin of the disease, the views of ''the immortal Jenner" upon ''the grease," ''cow-pox," ''small-pox," etc., and concluding as follows: ''The small-pox has been for some months past travelling northward, and is now within a short distance from this place. The subscriber will attend on every Saturday at his house in Mt. Vernon, for the purpose of vaccinating.

Anderson Searl, of Mt. Vernon, on the eighteenth of June, publishes that he will not pay a certain note given to William Shinnibery for a certain black and white muley cow, to be delivered to him next harvest; ''the said note being given in part consideration of a certain horse sold to me by said Shinnibery for a sound horse, which I have since found to be unsound." company, under Captain Joseph Brown; with all the pomp and circumstance of war. The day was duly ushered in by a national salute - a grand parade came off - a sumptuous dinner at Richardson & Vore's inn, and toasts, speeches and wine made ita merry occasion. The Declaration of Independence was read by Doctor Robert D. Moore. Among the toasts were the following:

The grand jurors in the common pleas court June 23d, - Royal D. Simons, foreman - returned seven bills of indictment. Albert Sherwood, by verdict of jury, recovered seventyfive dollars from William Williams for assault and battery; and in suit of the State William Williams was fined fifteen dollars and costs. Thomas Wilkins and John Roop are each fined five dollars and costs for assault and battery; and John Strain and Roop each fined five dollars and costs for an affray, and Robert Butler was fined fifteen dollars and costs.

On application of Anthony Banning and Samuel Kratzer for the vacating of a part of the addition of the town of Mount Vernon. the application is overruled at the cost of the applicants.

John Frank & Co.,-July 17th, offered iron, castings and salt, being both chartered and cash articles in this place, and solicit their friends to whom they gave a short credit last winter to come forward and discharge their respective accounts.

They are informed that the paper of the Owl Creek bank, of Mt. Vernon, and that of Canton, and the Farmers' and Mechanics' bank, of Steubenville, will be taken, etc.

Luke Walpole brings to Mt. Vernon a quantity of salt, and leather, to exchange for beef and pork, delivered in Zanesville the coming winter. :

" pusiness men to locate there. About this time it was the supposition that Venice would become the future shipping point for Knox county, and Norton & Banning established a storage, commission and mercantile house at Venice, on the Sandusky bay. As evidence that this belief was general, we may cite the act of the legislature of 1817, declaring that the road to be made by the Knox, Richland & Huron Turnpike company shall terminate at the town of Venice, on Sandusky bay.

Robert D. Moore, as agent forthe Mary Ann furnace, situated on the Rocky fork of Licking, brings to the notice of our citizens a large assortment of castings of superior beauty and quality, and asks them to encourage manufactories.

Daniel S. Norton notifies those who were in debt to him on the sixteenth of August last, to pay up while they can in the paper of the country.

Anthony Banning advertises a large lot of leather, which he will sell for hides or chartered money; or chartered money will be given for hides.

Jesse B. Thomas cautions ''all persons (indiscriminately) against cutting, destroying, and removing timber from, or otherwise trespassing upon my lands on the Hamtramck section, as I have given my agents (Messrs. John Roberts and John Warden), positive instructions to prosecute all."*

'"TAYLORS' PRICES. - We, the subscribers, of Mt. Vernon, have agreed to establish the following prices for tailoring, viz: Great coats, four dollars and fifty cents; broad-cloth coats, four dollars; common homespun, three dollars and fifty cents; common pantaloons, one dollar and twenty-five cents; vest, one dollar and twenty-five cents; pantaloons with buttons on the legs, one dollar apd seventy-five cents; ditto, welted, one dollar and fifty cents; cherrivallies, laced, three dollars; plain, ditto, two dollars and twenty-five cents; ladies' coats, three dollars and fifty cents. Any extra work on the above articles shall be priced according to the work.

William Giffin and Peter*Zarley got up a meeting of mill wrights, at Zimmerman's inn, on the twenty-sixth of August, for establishing a bill of prices for their work. At this meeting John Williamson, Samuel Pyle, Peter Zarley, James King, and William Giffin were present. Among the items we find - '' For a double-geered grist-mill, three hundred dollars; for a double geered saw-mill, two hundred dollars; for a meal spout two dollars; meal trough, three dollars; hopper, four dollars, etc."

Jacob Myers, Patrick Nellans, Robert Robertson, Samuel Hoppers, Samuel Vance, John Byan, John Cottle, John Kinsey, and David Porter, agree upon honor to support the said bill of prices.

'«The person who took away a mattock from my building, without leave, is requested to return the same immediately, or his name will be given to the public (besides prosecuting), as it is well known who purloined it."

'"TAKE CARE. - The persons who was so kind as to take away without leave, a pair of stretchers and a broken singletree, on the twenty-ninth of August; they were laying on the green between Messrs. Bryant & Burr's and Mr. J Frank & Co.'s stores, are requested to return the same immediately to the subscriber, and save themselves trouble. They had better return them before they are troubled witha call from Mr. Constable.

James Thompson

Noah Rude has a chestnut sorrel horse stolen from James Bryant's pasture on the night of the fifth of September and offers a reward for him.

At the district court of the United States, held at Chillicothe on the ninth of September, Samuel Bunting was indicted on a charge of robbing the mail between Newark and Zanesville, and was sentenced to the penitentiary for one year.

Horse thieves about this time became so bold that Joseph Berry had, on the morning of the nineteenth of September, a mare, saddle and bridle stolen from the door of James Thompson in Mount Vernon, just after he had hitched her, and gone into the house.

Samuel Mott, candidate for senator, September 11th, sends out to the electors of Licking, Knox and Richland, the first printed address we have been able to find. He says, among other things, that he has ''been induced to become a candidate from the encouragement of many substantial and respectable citizens in the district."

For house of representatives - Jonathan Miller, William Mitchell, Munson Pond, John Warden, Alexander Enos, Judge Thomas Coulter for Richland county, William W. Farquhar.

"There is another gentleman who very kindly offers his services as representative in the State legislature; he is extremely modest, though very popu/ar, he, therefore, believes that it will amply suffice, at this time, to make public the initial letters, only, of hisname. They are ''R. B."

''September 5, 1816. Mr. McArdle: After my respects to you, as you have been so good as to insert the two first letters of my name, (I presume it has been from the solicitations of my friends) I wish you to insert my name in full, as 1 am a candidate, and determined to oppose William Mitchell; and forward your bill to me, and you will much oblige yours, etc.

Robert Butler

Colonel John Greer' about this time felt the importance of his millitary commission, and issued an order to the commandants of companies in the county of Knox to send two men from each company to Mr. Boalse's inn, to nominate suitable persons to represent the counties of Knox, Licking and Richland. Whereupon there appeared, on the thirteenth of September, the following persons:

From Captain Parcel's company, Truman Strong and David Shaw. From Captain Cook's company, Captain John Cook and Isaac N. Richardson. From Captain John Venom's company, Joslah B. Day and John Trimble. From Captain A. Emmet's company, William Bevans and Benjamin Warner. From Captain Cooper's company, Jacob Hanger and Jonathan Burch. From Captain Squire's company, James Miller and John J. Tullos.

The result of this caucus - or military dictation - the first of the kind ever known in this country, was the nomination of Waitstill Hastings and Jonathan Miller.

and handbills were much circulated, and all manner of electioneering was resorted to at this election. The result, however, was that out of four hundred and eighty-five votes for governor cast in the whole county, Thomas Worthington received four hundred and twenty-four majority. Peter Hitchcock had four hundred and sixty-three majority for Congress; and the county gave small majorities for Martin for senator and Miller for representative.

Samuel Mott received one vote in Clinton, three in Morris, eight in Miller, and none in Chester, Wayne, Jackson, Union, or Morgan. Connected with this election is the following anecdote, which is altogether too good to be lost: Gideon Mott, the brother of Sam, who was a very plain man, yet full of wit, was responsible for it. He said that he dropped in to see Mrs. Mott on the night of the election, and while there Samuel got home from Richland county, where he had been electioneering, and was asked how the election had gone in Clinton. He replied ''I got one vote," Mrs. Mott exclaimed, 'That's always the way it is - if you had only been at home, Samuel, and voted, you would have got two!"

"'The usual theme of candidates, inmy standing, are many loud-swelling words full of legislative wisdom, or rather of their own egotism, and to harangue every neighbor in their way with the prospect of a State road or a turnpike, by measures of which one-half of our citizens will become wealthy inn-keepers, and the other half their happy customers, with their pockets flushed with money drawn from a new country bank to be erected on a new-fangled system, and thus all are to be rich and happy. But guch language as this hath never fallen from my lips since the days of my youth, when under the passions of love and addressed to females of my age, and I shall not again resume this theme until I become a widower; but while I speak for myself to men of understanding and discernment, and not to women, I have only to say that I stand a free-will offering at the altar of your good pleasures. Should I succeed in my election I shall feel it incumbent on me to use my feeble endeavors, by lawful license, to gratify my constituents, and this is all the flattery I have to make use of. My abilities are too small to boast of, which, with my character, are now for you to enquire into.

At the election this year, four hundred and seventy votes were cast in Richland county - of which Worthington had a majority of three hundred and fifty-three, Hitchcock four hundred and thirty-three; and for Senator Mordecai Bartley received three hundred and thirty-nine, William Gavitt seventy-seven, Joseph Brown twenty-three, Samuel Mott ten, Benjamin Martin six, Waitstill Hastings six. Samuel Williams was elected representative.

I think it my duty to lay before the public a copy of official papers, whieh I hope you will read, and thereby satisfy your minds in regard to my political character. The first of my certificates has reference to the oath of allegiance.

"I do hereby certify that Benjamin Martin, of Bedford county hath voluntarily taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance and fidelity, as directed by an act of General Assambly of Pensylvania, passed the thirteenth day of June, 1777. Witness my hand and seal the tenth day of October, A. D., 1785.

We, the subscribers, Justices of the Peace, &c., in and for the county of Bedford, do hereby certify to all who it may concern, that we have been acquainted with the bearer hereof, Benjamin Martin, son of James Martin, esq., of the county aforesaid. these several years past, and that we have not heard of anything to operate against his character as an honest young man; but on the coutrary, that he has behaved himself as a good Whig and a friend to his country. And he being desirous to go from here to the lower parts of the State to transact some business and see his relations; therefore, all persons are requested to permit the said Benjamin Martin to pass and repass, he behaving himself as a good and faithful citizen ought to do.

Benjamin Dougherty

''Srrs - Having always in view, as my polar star, the principles contained in the above oath and certificate, I have with a steady mind, either as a private citizen or as a public servant, pursued that kind of policy which would best promote the interests of our country, as the principles of general suffrage; for I always have and ever shall be of opinion, that when a man has enrolled himself in our militia muster-rolls, and has paid State

PusLic Norick. - My friends and the public are hereby informed, that should they have large sums of money to coilect, not to bring suit in the court of common pleas, in expectation: of thereby obtaining their just demands in a reasonable time. J have been induced to publish this friendly caution that the public may not censure me for neglect in my official capacity. In order to show where the fault lies, read the following plain statement :

I have been assiduously endeavoring to collect the amount of an execution ever since I have been sheriff of this county, and have as yet received no money. The associate judges

' grant bills of injunction successively, after I have had the property ready for sale, which has procrastinated the collection of money. There have been two on the aforesaid execution; the judgment was rendered at the December term, 1815, for Erkurius Beatty. Therefore, if the laws of this State will keep a man out of his money three years atter judgment is rendered, I would seriously advise my friends not to bring suits for debts due them, but rather remove to some other State or country where they may obtain justice. JOHN SHAW, Sheriff of Knox county.

They found six bills of indictments. Tavern license was granted to Anson Brown and Jonathan Hunt. Store licenses to John Williams, James Rigby, James Miller, John Shrimplin, Bryant & Burr, Eli and Jonathan Miller, and Anthony Banning. Shadrack- Ruark, of the Methodist church, was licensed to marry, and James Craig was fined fifteen dollars and costs for assault and battery.

In 1820 there were only seven brick houses in Mt. Vernon, and of these two only remain to mark the past. The building on the northeast corner of Mulberry and Vine streets, now occupied by O'Conner, grocer, is one; the second has been so improved and modernized that its past appearance can scarcely be recalled to mind even by the oldest residents, and to others its existence is forgotten. At that time what is now Mr. Joseph M. Byers' pleasant residence, northwest corner of Gay and Vine streets, was but a small onestory building upon the east end of the lot. The old building is yet there, and is still not there, for the modern improvements have completely hidden it from view. At that time the little brick was occupied by William Vore, a teamster.

In 1826 Mt. Vernon contained eighty dwellinghouses, one printing office, a brick court house and jail, a merchant-mill, a saw-mill, a cotton factory, and within six miles, nine grist-mills and saw-mills, and three carding machines.

tion, Clinton was far in advance of Mt. Vernon and even Fredericktown, although about two years younger than its more fortunate rival, seemed to of- fer greater advantages for the county seat than Mt. Vernon. That matter having been decided, however, probably in a great measure by Ben Butlers "trick," the destiny of the town was thus decided - it was to become a city.

February 26, 1845, the State legislature passed an act entitled "'An Act to Incorporate the Town of Mt. Vernon, in Knox county," the first section reading as follows:

SEc. 1. Be it Ordained by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That so much of the town of Mt. Vernon, in the county of Knox, as is comprised in the limits hereinafter described, that is to say, all the in-lots, streets and alleys, and other public grounds bordered by the same, within the old original town plat, and its several recorded and confirmed additions, together with all fractions of lots or parcels of ground lying between the old town plat and either_of said additions, especially to include such fractions or portions of ground not already laid out into town lots, as lie between the south line of Hamtramck street, and the north line of Burgess street, extending between the Hamtramck addition and Norton's addition; and so much of like ground as lies north of the south line of Chestnut street, extending east to the Coshocton road, and to include one tier of in-lots of usual size on the north side of Chestnut street, so extended as aforesaid; also embracing the following grounds - commencing at Lambton square, at the junction of the Mansfield and Wooster roads; thence along the Mansfield road to the intersection of the north line of the cross streef or road, to the new graveyard; thence along the north line of said cross street to the graveyard lot; thence north and so running around said graveyard lot and including the school-house lot to the southeast corner thereof; thence following the aforesaid graveyard street to the east line of the Wooster road; thence southward along the east line of the said Wooster road and the east line of Gay street, as extended to North street; thence west to Main or Market street; thence north to the place of beginning, except such lots and streets in any of said plats or additions as have been vacated; Provided, That this exception does not exclude the vacated lots and streets east of Division street, and north of Front street in the Eastern addition, but the same are hereby included in the limits according to the eastern boundary of said addition, as originally laid out and recorded - be, and the same is hereby created into a town corporate, to be known by the name of the town of Mount Vernon; Provided, That all ground here after laid out and recorded as town lots, or additions to said town, by name or otherwise, if contiguous thereto, shall, from the time of being so recorded, be included within the corporate limits of said town and constitute a part thereof.

Further provisions of the above quoted act of incorporation, divided the town into 'five wards, and allotted one councilman to each ward, and provided for their election, and also for the election of one mayor, one recorder, one town treasurer, one town marshal, and one street commissioner.

Sec. Xx1._ Any town which by the special act of incorporation has been divided into wards, shall be denominated a city of the second class if the council shall so determine. - Ohio Law, passed 1853.

The completion of the Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark railroad, about 1846, enabled Mount Vernon to take a long step forward, and thus avail itself of the privileges granted by the legislature. The several additions made to the city in 1873, were caused principally by the completion of the Cleveland, Mount Vernon & Columbus railroad.

On the second of March, 1870. the city council passed "'An Ordiance Defining and Establishing the Corporate Limits of the City of Mount Vernon, Ohio." The provision of the ordinance reads as follows:

Sec. 1. Be it ordained by the City Council of the city of Mt. Vernon, That the City Corporation Line of the City of Mt. Vernon be, and is hereby established by the following described lines, to wit :

Beginning at the southwest corner of the north abutment of the bridge at the south end of Main street, and running thence S. 53%4°, E. 20 50-100 rods along the stone wall south of John Cooper's Steam Engine works, to the southeast angle thereof. Thence N. 83%°, E. 516-100 rods to the southeast angle of John Cooper's fence, on the west side of Gay street. Thence S. 83%°, E. 12 40-100 rods to the southwest corner of the Factory addition. Thence by the courses and distances bounding the south side of said addition to the southwest corner of Curtis, and Byer's lot, being lot No. 34 in said addition. Thence N. 83%", E. 25 80-100 rods, continuing along the south line of said addition. Thence N. 74%°, E. 32 60-100 rods along said south boundry, and by the same course to a point on the east line of Ridgely street, and near the south line of Water street. Thence N. 2°, E. 1 36-100 rods on east line of Ridgely street to a point on the south side of the Springfield, Mt. Vernon and Pittsburgh railroad line. Thence S. 80°, E. 38-100 rods to a white oak 28 inches diameter, S. 73%°, E. 21 52-100 rods S. 64°, E. 27 16-100 rods along the south side of said railroad line to the centre of Allen Beach's alley. Thence N. 1°, E. 28-100 rods along the centre of said alley to a point 12 rods south of the south side of Gambier street. Thence S. 73%°, E. 114 40-100 rods on a line parallel with the south side of Gambier street to the east line of Clinton township. Thence N. 2°, E. 94 50-100 rods on said township line to the south side of the new Gambier road. Thence N. 88°, W. 37-100 rods along the south side of said road to a point in line with the east side of Centre Run street. Thence N. 2°, E. 98-100 rods along the east line of Centre Run street to the centre of Coshocton road. Thence N. 70", E. 14 12-100 rods along the centre of said road Thence N. 17%°, W. 13 g2-100 rods to said Flyn's northeast corner in the the centre of the ''Harkness road." Thence N. 88°, 20' W. 166 86-100 rods along the centre of said road to the southeast corner of Mrs. Plimpton's lot, known as ''Round Hill." Thence N. 2°, E. 41 go-roo rods along the east side of said lot, toa point in line with the north side of Curtis street. Thence on said line N, 89", W. 43 50-100 rods to the east side of McKenzie street. Thence N. 2°, E. 24 84-100 rods to the south line of land owned by the heirs of Rev. James Scott, deceased. Thence N. 31°, E. 36 5.100 rods across said Scott's land, 1o feet north of the stable, and along the northeast side of an alley, across and to to the west side of Wooster road. Thence on the west side of said road N. 40%°, E. 13 40-100 rods to the northeast corner of John McGibney's lot. Thence N. 49%°, W. 12 40-100 rods along the north line of said lot, to the northwest corner thereof. Thence N. 88%°, E. 26 so-10o rods along the north side of land owned by John McGibney to the east side of the cemetery. Thence N. 2°, 10', E. 39 80-100 rods on the east side of the cemetery to the northeast corner thereof. 'Thence N. 88°, 50' W. 1892-100 rods on the north line of said cemetery to the east line of the Catholic cemetery. "Thence on said east line N. 2° 10' E, 8 60-100 rods to the northeast corner of said cemetery. Thence S. 763°, W. 43 8-100 rods along the north side or said cemetery and Mr. Pollock's lot, to the west side of the Mansfield road. Thence along the west side of said road N. 14°, W. 2575-100 rods to the south side of a road on the north side of lands owned by widow Trimble's heirs. 'Thence continuing along the south side of said road S. 763°, W. 39 80-100 rods to the angle thereof. Thence S. 68°, W. 24 rods along the south line of said road, to a point in the line with Mr. Flaharty's east line. 'Thence on said east line N. 15%°,+ W. 12 60-100 rods to said Flaharty's northeast corner. Thence S. 72°, W. 25 84-100 rods along along the north line of Flaharty's lot to the east end of the alley north of the tannery. Thence across the east end of said alley N. 22°, W. 67-100 rods to the north side thereof. Thence S. 72°, 11 68-100 rods on the north side ot said alley, and to the west side of Sandusky street. Thence on the west side of said street N. 21°, W. 6 80-100 rods to the northeast corner of John Cassil's lot. Thence on the north side of said lot S. 6834°, W. 60 25-100 rods to the west side of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. Thence along the west side of said railroad to the north line of Norton's northwestern addition. Thence S. 683°, W. 10 rods to the northwest corner of said addition. Thence S. 41%°, le. 25 50-100 rods along the west side of said addition to the west side of said railroad. 'Thence along the west side of said railroad by the curves and tangents thereof 156 so-100 rods toa point 4 feet west of the west end of the race bridge abutment and g rods north of the north line of Chestnut street. 'Thence N. 88%°, W. 60 23-100 rods through lands of George K. Norton, James Rogers and others to the east line of lands owned by heirs of John Mitchell, deceased. Thence N. 1°, Ie. 7 20-100 rods on said Mitchell's east line to the northwest corner of said land. Thence N. 89°, W. 78 62-100 rods along the north line of said John Mitchell's, Silas Mitchell's John Gotshall's, Sapp and Rogers' land to the northeast corner of lands formerly owned by Samuel Hookaway. Thence S. 1%°, W. gt 62-100 rods along the east line of said land and through lands of Israel and Devin, to a point 8% rods south of the line of Wood street extended. Thence S. 89°, E. 115 14-100 rods to the west line of lot No. ro in Norton's Southern addition. Thence south 2°, W. along the west side of lots 10 and 11, 6 35-100 rods to the southwest cgrner of lot No. 11, the same being on the south line of said southern addition. Thence S. 89°, . 8 rods on the south line of said lot No. 11, to the west side of Norton street. Thence N. 2°, E. 8 rods on the west side of said street. Thence S. 89° I. 19 rods along the south side of lots marked ''S. Gray" on city map, to the ss west side of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. Thence S. 58°, rE. 22 rods along the west side of said railroad to a point on the north side of the old race. Thence S. 64°, E. 35 48-100 rods along the north side of the old race, toa point from which an elm tree about thirty inches in diameter bears S. 17°, W. 64 links distant. 'Thence S, 704°, E. 35 rods to the place of beginning.

Sec. 2. That William McClelland, the city solicitor, be and hereby is directed to prosecute the proceedings necessary to effect the annexation contemplated in section first of this ordinance.

In 1830, Mt. Vernon contained about five hundred people. The following extracts from a letter written in 1871, by a gentleman now a prominent merchant in Gambier, gives a picture of the town in 1830, as well as some account of the changes in forty years:

In passing down Main street, the other day, I could not but notice the great change that has taken place since I knew the I came to Mt. Vernon in 1827, so that by the beginning of 1830, I was pretty well acquainted with the town and the people. The whole make of the ground has been changed, and there are very few buildings now standing (1871) which were then (1830) in existence, or if standing, have been moved to other streets. Commencing at the upper end of Main street on the east side, there is yet standing what was then the residence of H. B. Curtis, esq., now occupied by him as an office, and formerly by the Knox County National bank. North of this until you get above what was then a deep valley, there is not a vestige of the town of 1830 now standing. Above where this valley then was, stood a brick house now owned, the writer thinks, by Mr. B. F. Criswell.

The next building south of H. B. Curtis', then standing, is now owned by Samuel Israel, esq., and then the residence and mercantile establishment of Dr. Timothy Burr. South of this until you get below Gambier street, there is not a single building now standing that was then in existence. Passing the.George building, now occupied by Armstrong & Miller, on the corner of Main and Gambier streets, there are two or three old acquaintances, but so dressed up they are scarcely recognizable. The brick now occupied by Samuel Clark, known as the Jacob Martin house, the writer thinks was then in existence. this to the bridge he sees no old acquaintance.

Passing to the west side of Main street, let us go north of the valley before spoken of. Here is founda part of a brick dwelling that has been added to and remodelled, built, the writer thinks, by William Watkins. The story was, that said Watkins having broken his leg, was prevented from going out to work, and not knowing what to do with himself until his leg got well, conceived the idea of laying up the walls of a house. By the assistance of his wife and neighbors, he was helped to the spot every morning, where he sat and laid brick all day, his wife tending mason.

South from this until you come to the building occupied by J. Stauffer & Son, the old town has all been swept away. This building was then occupied by Hugh Newell as a hotel. It was one of the notables of the town.

The next old acquaintance that strikes the eye is the building at the southwest corner of Main and Gambier streets - Potwin's Phoenix building - looking all the better for having been purged by fire. It was in 1830 one of the ''institutions" of the town, known as The Golden Swan Inn, kept by Thomas Irvine. Here the county courts were held. Here in the west wing, up stairs, was the hall of the Thespian society. From this to the bridge there is nothing standing of the buildings of 1830.

The Whig paper was then published by William Bevans in a little one-story red frame, where Mrs. Dr. Thompson now resides. 'The next building south was the residence of H. B. Curtis, before mentioned. On the corner where Dr. J. J. Scribner's drug store now is, wasa frame house, the residence of William Y. Farquhar, then treasurer of Knox county. Next, the residence of Dr. 'Timothy Burr, before noted. Next, south on the corner stood a little one-story frame, the office of Dr. Maxwell. Back of this, fronting the public square, was the small brick residence of P. L. Norton. On the site of those old buildings stands the Norton block - the corner room occupied by Dr. Israel Green as a drug store, and the upper story by offices of the Cleveland, Mt. Vernon & Columbus railroad. On the next corner, now occupied by the Knox County National bank, in the ''Curtis house" block, was a brick building occupied by Gilman Bryant as a store. But before crossing the public square, I should have noticed on a bank, at least twenty feet above Main street, at the southeast corner of Main and High streets, was a large pile of brick and nearly three sides of a wall of what used to be the court house. (I might mention here in passing that a new court house was under contract, and was afterwards built on the northwest corner of Main and High streets.) Another feature which should not be omitted. On the north side of High street, and a short distance east from Main, stood a building whose iron grated windows and gloomy aspect, told all persons travelling through the town that the building was intended to be a warning to evil doers, and was put in a conspicuous place that all might see and order their steps accordingly.

From Bryant's corner south the next building was a brick occupied by Sherman & Browning as a store. Next was a small one-story frame occupied as a shoe shop and law office. Next stood a large frame, occupied by Eli Miller as a residence and store, in which was the post office, Mr. Miller being then postmaster. On the southeast corner of Main and Vine streets, was a frame building occupied by S. J. Updegraff as a store. That frame was moved off, and now forms a part of the residence of Daniel McDowell, esq., and on its site is the Ward block. Next, a frame building in which Mr. James Huntsberry kept a saloon (grocery it was then called). After this came the tailor shop of Adam Pyle. The Democratic paper was published near here. Next, where the Odd Fellows' building now stands, occupied by C. A. Bope's hardware store, was a two-story frame hotel and stage house, kept by Calvin Anderson. Next, two or three small frames, in which were J. W. Warden's law office, Dr. J. N. Burr's office, John Gregg's harness shop, and a drug shop, the proprietor's name not now remembered, also the residence of Isaac Vore. Next to this, where the Peterman building now stands, was a hewed log building, weather boarded, occupied by S. Rowley as a tavern, and was familiarly known as ''the old war office." On the southeast corner of Main and Gambier streets was a two-story frame building occupied by William E. Davidson asa tavern. Then follows Silers' residence and hat shop. Charles Sager, Jacob and Joseph Martin, and some others not now remembered.

On the west side of Main street where N. N. Hill resides was a two-story frame occupied by William Mefford. Next south on the ground now occupied by the fine residence of Hon. Joseph C. Devin, was a long one-story red frame building used as county offices.

On the southwest corner of Main and Chestnut streets, was a small frame house used as a bakery by William Mackey. Next a two-story frame occupied by Dr. J. W. Russell, and asa select school. The second story became the hall of the Mount Vernon Lyceum. This building, like many of early days, became atraveller, but cast anchor, I believe, on the south side of Gambier street, near Main.

Crossing the public square, the corner now known as the Kirk Opera House block, and occupied by Stadler the clothier, and Van Aikin's boot and shoe store, was covered by a twostory frame, the residence of J. B. Rogers, and the mercantile establishment of J. B. Rogers & Co. West of this building and fronting to the north, were two or three small frames, in one of which T. W. Rogers kept military goods, and in another D. D. Stevenson kept a shoe shop. In their places are now the fine business houses built by Raymond and Sperry. Next south of J. B. Roger's store was a small frame building on the ground now covered by the store of J. S. Ringwalt. Next to this, where James Rogers' hardware store now is, stood a small one-story frame, occupied by Anthony Banning, jr., as a store. This was formerly the building occupied by the Owl Creek bank. It had a double batton door and window shutters filled with nails, ''burglar proof." The paint, which was nearly gone, had been red. Next to this, on the corner, was a twostory brick, occupied by James S. Banning as a store and residence.

Where the Woodward block now stands was a two-story frame, the store of A. & S. Elliott. Next to this stood a frame occupied by P. L. Norton as a store. Jacob Banning's store These two last named buildings can still be seen. Then came Zimmerman's tavern, a good sized wooden building, two-story front with a wing in the rear. Next, the residence of R. M. Brown, a little back from the street. The site of these two last named buildings is now occupied by the large threestory brick edifice built by R. M. Brown, and occupied as places of business by Browning & Sperry, T. B." Mead, and W. B. Next the residence of Mr. Brown, on the corner, was a brick, the residence and business place of J. E. Woodbridge.

Just across the street was the ''Golden Swan Inn," before spoken of. The building is now occupied on the ground floor by the dry goods store of H. C. Swetland, and the drug store of Baker Brothers, and the second story by the Democratic Banner newspaper and job office. Next to the Golden Swan came a small frame or two, and then another tavern almost on the bank of the creek.

One more business establishment I will mention, and then be done with the west side of Main street. This was Morey's soap factory, on the bank of the stream, and a little west of the street. It was here that mischievous men and boys sent strangers and others not posted for any article not found at any of the stores. If butter was scarce, and a person seen walking up and down street with a plate in his hand, he was told Morey So from a needle to an anchor, it mattered little The latter was had plenty. what was wanted, they were sent to Morey. considerably bored by these practical jokes, but yet not quite so badly bored as those who were sent there.

The places for public worship then were few. terian church stood on the site of the present fine edifice. It was a low, square, four-roofed brick, covering quite a space of ground, and capable of holding several hundred people. It Its successor, a large frame building,

'The Presbypassed away long ago. was burned, and now the third building occupies the ground. The building then occupied by the Methodists was standing until a few months since, and in 1830 was also used as the Fifth ward school-house. Its upper story was then used as a Masonic lodge.

In the early part of 1880, this old landmark was razed to the ground, to make place for the residence of William R. Brown, the present mayor of the city.

The above comprises all the places then used for public worship known to the writer. Elder Rigdon did occasionally preach in his own house, west end of Chestnut street.

Of the persons then living the majority have passed away. Of the members of the bar the writer knows of only one representative, the Honorable H. B. Curtis; of the clergy none. Of the medical fraternity, Drs. J]. N. Burr and J. W. Russell.

Mt. Vernon in 1830 claimed no less than eighteen merchants. Allhave passed from earth, the late J. l¢. Woodbridge being the last of the old timers who was called away.

Of the list of young men and boys then acting in the capacity of clerks in the various stores in 1830, only eight were living in 1871, viz: V. W. Miller, now of Newark, Ohio, then with Sherman & Browning; G. B. Burr, now of Texas, then with his father, Dr. T. Burr; George W. Martin, then with A. & S. Elliott, now of Lancaster, Ohio; Milo lewis, then with D. S. Norton, near the mills, now of Washington city; C. G. Scott, then with Philo 1, Norton, now of Gambier; P. Jones, then with S. J. Updegraph, now of Coshocton county, Ohio, N. N. Hill came that year with S. P. Warden; Mr. Hill clerked for Samuel Mott, and Mr. Warden for A. & 5S. Elliott. Mr. Warden resides in Athens county, and Mr. Hill in Mt. Vernon, being the only one of the eight, who is a resident of the city in 188o.

Hutchinson. Mr. Hutchinson is still in the business, while Mr. Hadley lives a retired life. In the tailoring business Adam Pyle and William Pettigrew are the only ones named by the above writer. Mr. Pyle is dead. Joseph Martin, now living, is the cabinetmaker named. Of hatters, the names of none are mentioned, although he says there were a number in 1830. Of tanners, none; of chairmakers, one, Daniel McDowell, still living, but not in the cabinet business; of bakers, S. A. Mackey is living: of gunmakers, none are living; of saddlers and harnessmakers, no names are mentioned; of silversmiths, J. B. Brown was then the only one, and he long since passed away. His son and successor was not then born.

Of the change in the surface of the ground, a few particulars may be mentioned. The public square then was sadly turned up towards the setting sun. On the east side of Main street it has been taken off about twenty feet, while on the west side where the new cistern has been recently put in, it has been filled up fully fifteen feet. A summer or two ago when Mr. Wolff was digging a pit for coal, north of his fine block, the workmen cut through no less than three distinct side walks, the first one being met not less than three feet below the surface. When Gilman Bryant built the market house in 1832, his contract was to fill in twelve feet before he laid the pavement.

High street from a point east of the court house, has been cut down all the way to Main, and from Main street west it has been filled up. Notice the brick house south nearly opposite the present court house. It had a stone story put under it since 1830.

Main street north from Chestnut, had been cut through a hill to the valley previously mentioned. This valley running east and west, is now nearly