Muskingum County, Ohio - Chapter 9: Schools, 1882 (part 1 of 2)

Zanesville High School Boards Of School

For data concerning the early schools, we are indebted to _ Mr. E. M. Church, wliose zeal and fidelity in gleaning reminiscenccK of early times merit great praise. From his notes, we learn that the first school was in West Zanesville (now the Eighth ward), in the summer of 1800. At that time the largest part of the settlement was on that side of the river, and. contained nearly all of the children of school age. The teacher was David Harris, and the school was located near the east end of Lee street, on the river bank. There were in all about twenty-five or thirty pupils in attendance. John Green and sister, James Cordry and brother, and one other, were all who belonged on the east side of the river. George M. Crooks and cousin, were all who attended from South Zanesville (Seventh Ward). Henry Crooks (father of George M.), had an Indian living with him who took his children over the Island to school and brought them home again. The children from the east side of the river waded the stream most of the time, and crossed in a boat when the water was up. The first school on the east side of the river was taught in a cabin on Second street, between Main street and Fountain alley - the property was afterwards owned by the Casgill's. The name of the teacher was Joseph Jennings ; the attendance was not large. James Cordry, brother and sister, attended this school in 1802. The next school was on Putnam Hill, in the spring of 1804, and was taught by Daniel Dimmick.

In 1805, Samuel Herrick, a young lawyer, came to Zanesville ; there were not more than thirty-five buildings in the town, and all cabins, except two or three hewed log houses, with shingle roofs and stone chimneys ; and not more than a hundred and twenty-five inhabitants. A school teacher was wanted, however, and Mr. Herrick, having but little business in his profession (there being two other lawyers, Wyllis Silliman and Lewis Cass, in town), accepted the position. The citizens erected a log school house -on the lot now occupied by the Market street school building. It was a primitive structure, having only an earth floor, with one log cut out for a window ; over this opening was pasted greased white paper, which kept out the winds, and yet admitted the light. The benches were made of logs, split in two, with four legs. The desks were of common boards, fastened along the walls. In the center was the stump of a tree, which served as a "dunce block," where mischievous boys were placed as a punishment. This was the first public school building erected in Zanestown. John Mclntire donated the lot to the town for school purposes. The school taught by Samuel Herrick in this building, was attended by Richard Stilwell, Eliza Price, Harriet Convers, Amelia Mclntire, Hattie Taylor, Mary Vickers, James Cordry, Isaac Spaiigler, Margaret and. William Thompson, David Spangler, Sarah and Jeflerson \'an Home, and others. The information in regard to this school was obtained from Mrs. Charles B. Goddard and Mrs. John S. Cochran, a few \ears before their death. 'J'hey were pupils in the first school, taught by Samuel Herrick.

Charles Roberts (youngest son of James Roberts), taught school in the old school house on Putnam Hill in 1808 ; he afterwards taught in Coshocton and, at a later period, again in Zanesville ; he was an honest and enterprising citizen and highly respected ; he was noted for sociability and the pleasure he took in entertaining, friends. He died June 26, 1854, '" the seventysecond year of his age. His father and mother died in Zanesville in 1813 or 1814.

In 1808, the citizens of Springfield raised money by subscription and built the large ;' Stone Academy" in the southeastern part of the town. A two-story house, with a hall and two large rooms, located on a fine large lot. It was built for a State House, to induce the Legislature to come to Springfield, and in case of failure in this it was deemed suitable for an academy or church purposes.

A custom of early school teachers : They had a rule that, if a girl did any thing wrong, she might get any of the boys to go her bail - i. e., if she tailed to be perfectly good for a week or iwo, the boy was to be punished in her stead - just as the master ordered, and in case of punishment, one boy was made to hold the other while the master lammed him, and the girl never forfeited her bail. - [From memories of school days, by E. H. Church].

Mr. Church, when seven or eight years old, attended a school taught by a Mr. Black, in a log cabin, on the site now occupied by the Kirk House ; and soon after, in 181 1, a school taught by "old mother GofF," and remembei^ed being struck by her while trying- to learn his "A B Ab's !" This school house was on the corner of Spruce alley and Main street.

In 1808, or 1809, one Patterson, brother-in-law to Charles and John Roberts, taught school in the same room formeiiy used by Mr. Black. And in 1810, '11 and '12 Richard Kearns taught on the northeast corner of Sixth and North streets ; he died in 1813. Rev. William Jones, Presbyterian minister, taught in the old frame Court House in 1810-11, and taught some of the higher branches, including Latin and Greek.

In 1810, in the corner room of Frazey Tavern, on the corner of Sixth street and Locust alley, Jonathan Hobby, John W. Spiy, and Mr. and Mrs. Colerick, established a " Seminary for Young Ladies."

In 1817, David Hall, as appears by his advertisement in the Zanesville "Express," October 2, 1817, opened a school for young gentlemen and ladies. This school was in " a large and convenient room in the Academy in Putnam." Instructions in the various branches of English education. Price of tuition, three dollars per quarter ; application to be made to the subscriber at the Putriam hotel.

"September 4, 1817. - Education, - Stephen Devol (from Troy, New York,) has taken and fitted up a commodious room in Frazey's brick house, for the reception of youth and children of both sexes, in the several branches of literature common in an English school." - [Zanesville "Express," September 14, 1817].

"Schools. - Zanesville, 1818. - Jonathan Hobby respectfully informs the public that he has lately opened a school in Zanesville, in a commodious room in Mr. Frazey's large bi"ick (situate a few rods south of the clerk's office), where due attention will b^ paid to the education and instruction of all who may may be entrusted to his care. - [Zanesville "Express," March 7, 1818]. J. Hobby."

"Mrs. M. Colerick's Young Ladies" Seminary," in the brick building on the southwest corner of Market and Fourth streets. The terms of tuition are as follows :

"Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Grammar, Geography, Tambour and Embroidery, Cotton Work, Fringe and Netting, Plain Sewing and Marking, $4 per quarter.

"Parents and guardians may rest assured that every attention will be paid to their morals and manners. - [Zanesville " Express," October 28, 1818.] Mrs. M. Colerick."

"School. - A Card. - The subscriber, having taken the lower part of the brick house, in Putnam, belonging to Dr. C. Conant, i-espectfully informs the inhabitants of Zanesville and Putnam that he intends opening a Seminary, on Monday, the 7th inst., for improvement in Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geography, Mensuration, Guaging, Surveying, and Navigation, with the Mathematics generally, and the Classics, if required. The public may rest assured that the morals, as well as the intellectual improvement, of those confided to .his charge shall receive his individual attention. (Here follows terms, ranging from $3 to $5.) - [Zanesville "Express," Nov. 3, 1819.] F. Fowler."

John W. Spry, who was afterwards for many years County Auditor, taught a school in Frazey's brick house, on the corner of Locust alley and Sixth street, in 1819, and afterwards in 1823- 24, in the old Harvey tavern, on the corner of Third and Main streets.

"Female Education. - Mr. and Mrs. Steinhauer, from Bethlehem, Pa., beg leave to inform their friends, and the public, that they intend to open a school for the instruction of young ladies, in Zanesville, towards the end of August, upon a similar plan with the justl}- celebrated establishment at Bethlehem, Pa.

"Mr. S., being a member of the church of the " Unitas Fratrum," (more generally known by the name of Moravians) is thoroughly acquainted with their approved mode of conducting their schools ; the more so, as he has himself been engaged for many years in teaching, in one of their most respectable academies, in England. Parents and guardians who are disposed to entrust Mr. and Mrs. Steinhauer with the important charge of educating their children, may rest assured that the strictest attention will be paid to their morals, and no efforts be wanting to insure their comfort, and to promote their advancement in every branch of their studies.

"Zanesville Academy. - For the information of those who are unacquainted with the terms upon which scholars are received into this institution, it is deemed necessary by the Trustees to state that the price for tuition is Three Dollars per quarter, with an addition of fifty cents per scholar for contingent expenses, in said Academy ; no scholar will be received for a shorter term than three months. The school at present taught in the Academy, is under the conduct of Mr. William C. Pope, who is well qualified to instruct in the different branches usually taught in English Seminaries. His plan of instruction, which is perspicuous and rational, merits the approbation of his friends, and the public patronage. - [" Messenger," May I, 1824.] Robert Mitchell,

Rev. George Sedgwick taught a "Seminary for Young Ladies," in a house which stood on the river bank, below the lower bridge. This was from 1822 to 1824.

At the time the town of Zanesville was laid out, the proprietors, Jonathan Zane and John Mclntire, set apart and appointed the west halves of lots fifteen and sixteen, in the tenth square, for the use of schools. In 1818, after the death of John Mclntire, Jonathan Zane, the surviving proprietor, executed a deed for these grounds to Daniel Convers and others, authorizing them to enter upon, and take possession of the same for school purposes. Soon after this, Daniel Convers, associating with himself about thirty others, organized a sort of joint stock company, for the purpose of erecting a school house on the ground thus secured by them. The number of shares, which was limited to fifty-three, at twenty-five dollars each, were all taken, and with the funds so raised, the first and second stories of the Old Market Street Academy were built. The third story was added by Amity Lodge, of the Masonic Fraternity, and used by them as a place of meeting. The building was completed, and the first school opened in it, in February, 1822. By the articles of association, each stockholder was entitled to send one pupil for each shai-e of stock owned by him. The school was maintained under this organization for a number of years. During a portion of its history, two departments of learning were taught. The first teacher employed in this school, was Ezekiel liildreth. William Pope, Jonathan Hobby, Allen Cadwallader and others, were his successors. After the public schools of the town began to assume an organized form, this building was rented for a number of years, for school purposes, by the Board of Education, and, in 1858, it was finally re-leased to the city by the survivors and representatives of the stockholders, and by Amity Lodge.

" the President and Directors of said company, (The Zanesville Canal arid Manufacturing Company) are annually to appropriate all the profits, rents, and issues of my- stock, as aforesaid, (see will), and all of my estate, of whatever kind the same may be, for the use and support of a "Poor School," which they are to establish in the town of Zanesville, for the use of the poor children ol said town. The children who are to be the objects of this institution, are to be fixed upon by the President and Directors of said company. This bequest to be absolutely void, in case my daughter Amelia, before described, should leave an heir, or heirs, of her body."

Amelia Mclntire died without issue, and, consequently, the income of the estate accrued to the town of Zanesville, for the purpose named by the testator.

The "Mclntire Academy," as it was known, was built by the" executors under the foregoing will, and was first occupied for school purposes about 1836. The first Principal of this school, was John M. Howe, who had, for sometime previously, conducted a private seminary in a building on the corner of North and Seventh streets, known as Howe's "Seminary." He was assisted by A. E. Howe and George Miller, and subsequently, by Thomas H. Patrick. Mr. Howe remained as Principal of this school some ten or twelve years. The school was one of high order ; Latin and Greek, and other branches of higher education, being taught in it. The highest, or classical department, was taught by Mr. Howe in person, the lower departments, by his assistants.

Mr. Howe was sui;ceeded by Mr. Theodore D. Martindale, who was assisted by Mr. T. H. Patrick and two female assistants. Mr. Martindale was succeeded bj- Mr. Joseph Davidson, who was assisted by about the same corps of teachers.

Mr. Davidson was succeeded by Mr. T. H. Patrick, who remained as Principal of the school until 1856, when the graded school system having been fullj' organized, it was thought by the Mclntire executors, as well as others interested, that the purposes of the testator would best be carried out by placing the school under the control of the Board of Education, and causing it to be merged in the general graded system of the city. Accordingly, an arrangement was made between the Mclntire Trustees and the Board of Education that "the school house was to be put in thorough repair, and furnished with furniture similar to that in the other school buildings of the city. The school to be organized and conducted under the rules and regulations adopted by the Board of Education, and to be under the control of the Superintendent of the City Schools.

"The expenses of repairs, furniture, salaries of teachers, together with all incidentals necessary to the conduct of the school, to be paid by the Mclntire Trustees ; the Mclntire Trustees reserving to themselves the right of visitorial supervision."

The Special School Law

'Prior to the first of April, 1839, ^^^ Public Schools of Zanesville were conducted under the general school laws of the State, and were of the same ungraded character as the schools of the rural districts.

The general State school law (that passed March 7, 1838,) was not considered adapted to the wants of the town in the expenditure of funds for school purposes, especially so in consequence of the existence of the Mclntire school fund, which rendered the situation of Zanesville, in that regard, peculiar.

On the 29th day of December, 1838, a meeting was held in what is known as the Senate Chamber, pursuant to a notice from the School Directors of Zanesville district, (Ezekiel T. Cox, Uriah Parke and Henry Eastman), a committee was appointed to draft a bill adapted to the educational wants and interests of the town of Zanesville ; while another committee was appointed to circulate petitions to the Legislature, for the "Support and Better Regulation of the Schools of the Town of Zanesville," of which law the following are among the provisions :

Section i . * * * . It shall be the duty of the Town Council of the town of Zanesville, on or before the first of April next, to hold an election, at the Court House, in said town, for the election by ballot of six School Directors for said town, to serve as follows : Two to serve until the third Tuesday in September, 1839 ! ^"^° ^° serve until the third Tuesday in September, 1840 ; and two to serve until the third Tuesday in September, 1841 ; and annually afterwards, on the third Tuesday in September, two directors, as aforesaid, shall be elected to serve for the period of three years, and until their successors are elected and qualified. All vacancies by death, resignation, or otherwise, to be filled by appointment of the Council * * * until the next election.

"Sec 3. It shall be the duty of said Board, on or before the first day of May next, to determine the location of a site, or sites, for a school house, or school houses, having in view the possibility of purchase on reasonable terms, and they shall determine the number and description of buildings necessary for school purposes in said town, and report the same in writing to the Council.

"Sec. 4. That thereupon it shall be the duty of said Council, at the expense of said town, to purchase said site, or sites, and cause to be erected thereon, under the supervision of said Board, such school building, or school buildings, as may be described in said report. * * *

"Sec. 6. Provided that, as soon as the necessary buildings were erected, it should be the duty of the Board of Education to employ teachers, make rules and regulations for the schools, and to keep the schools in constant operation, except during reasonable vacations, to be by them established - and, when the public money was insufficient, to supply the deficiency by a tax levied upon the parents and guardians of pupils attending, in proportion to the time of their attendance, and to exempt from such tax such parents or gurdians as, in the opinion of the Board, were unable to pay it, and were not entitled to send to the Mclntire School.

' ' Sec . 7 , Made it the duty of the Board of Education to report annually to the Town Council the receipts and expenditures of all moneys coming into their hands for school purposes.

Sec 9, Made it the duty of the Board of Education to make a yearly estimate of the probable expense of repairs, for fuel and furniture, and the Council to provide for the same by a tax levied for that purpose.

Sec II, Made it the duty of the Council to appoint three suitable persons to act as a Board of School Examiners, whose duty it was to examine applicants for teachers' positions, to examine the schools, and to report semi-annually to the Council."

On the first day of April, 1839, an election was held at the Court House, and the following named gentlemen were elected as members of the first Board of Education, under the foregoing law :

The first Board of Examiners appointed by the Council consisted of Rev. James Culbertson, Rev. William A. Smallwood and Wyllys Buell. During the same year, (1839), "^^ Board of Education selected sites for the school buildings, but put the schools in operation in rented buildings, as follows :

Board of Education recommended to the Council the erection of a school house in the northwest part of the old graveyard, and submitted plans and specifications for the same. The Council adopted the recommendation of the Board, and immediately advertised for bids for the erection of the building. On the 12th of March, 1840, the contract was awarded to James Ramage, at $3,750.

On the 28th day of March, 1840, the Council rented again all the rooms previously occupied by the schools, except Mr. J. Barton's, and rented three additional rooms, namely : One of Colonel John Hall, one of Mr. Stratton, and another in the basement of the Market Street Baptist Church.

In July, 1840, Allen Cadwallader resigned, and Uriah Parke was appointed a member of the Board of Education in his stead. In September of the same year, Uriah Parke and C. G. Wilson were re-elected, and H. J. Cox appointed in place of Dr. Turner, deceased. October, 1840, Rev. Amos Bartholomew was appointed Examiner, vice Buell. On the 6th day of November, 1840, the new school house on the hill being ready for occupation, the following rented rooms were vacated, and the schools transferred to the new building : John Hall's Old Methodist Church, two rooms in the basement of the Market Street Baptist Church, and Mr. Stratton's. Mrs. Barton's room had been previously vacated, and the school transferred to Nathaniel Wilson's room, corner of Fifth and South streets. On the 27th of November, 1841, Richard Stillwell resigned, and Jesse Keene was appointed a member of the Board of Education in his stead. On the 9th day of December, 1841, the Council purchased of John Howe the building on the corner of Seventh and North streets, known as "Howe's Seminary," together with the lease of the grounds upon which it was located, for the sum of $1,500. This buildingwas repaired and improved, and ready for occupation on the first of April, 1842. With the occupation of this building, begins the history of the graded school system of Zanesville.

1. "The Zanesville public schools shall be divided into the Male Seminary, and the Female Seminary. [The former to occupy the new school house on the hill, and the latter, the "Howe Seminary," on Seventh street.]

2. "Each division shall be divided into a Junior and Senior department. In the Junior department, shall be taught Spelling, Reading, and the elements of Arithmetic and Geography, and the scholars shall be allowed to attend lessons in Singing and Writing. All the higher branches studied shall be taught in the Senior departments, with such continuation of the studies pursued in the Junior departments as may be necessary.

3. "Theres hall be a principal in each department, who shall have such assistants as may be necessary. There shall also be a teacher« of writing and vocal music. .

4. "The teacher of Writing arid Music shall occupy the room at each building appropriated to his use, and the scholars shall attend his instruction in such classes, and under such arrangements as he, with the sanction of the Board of Education, shall think proper. His services shall be divided between the Seminaries, as their wants may require.

5. "The Principal of the Senior Department of the Male Seminary, shall be General Superintendent of that school, and as such shall receive all applicants and assign them to their proper departments ; and whenever the departments are brought together for an examination, or for other purposes, he shall have the direction, and shall decide all questions of general arrangement. He shall exercise a general supervision, and see that the rules of the school are duly enforced, and neatness and good order observed throughout. Any one feeling aggrieved by his action, may appeal to the Directors.

6. "The teacher of Writing and Music shall be General Superintendent of the Female School, and as such shall discharge all the duties pertaining to the Superintendent of the Seminary. He shall reside in the building, and protect it and the premises from injury.

7. "There shall be a Curator of the Male Seminary, who shall reside in the building and have charge of it, for the purpose of protection. He shall also have charge of the Cabinet and apparatus, under regulations to be hereafter defined."

Fifteen other sections follow, defining more minutely the duties of teachers, officers, and pupils ; but the foregoing are deemed sufficient to indicate the "character of the system organized at the time. The school year consisted of four quarters, of twelve weeks each. The income from taxation, under the general and special school laws then in force, not being sufficient to maintain the schools, tuition at the rate of one dollar per quai'ter in the Junior departments, and one dollar and a half in the Senior departments, was charged for each pupil residing with-/ in the borough, and not entitled to attend the' Mclntire School. Pupils entitled to attend the Mclntire School, or residing without the borough, were charged three dollars per quarter in Junior departments, and four dollars in Senior departments. The Board of Education, to whom this organization of the schools is due, consisted of Messrs. Charles G. Wilson, Uriah Parke, Horatio J. Cox, Hugh Reed, George W. Manypenny, and Jesse Keene.

The testimony of the Board of Education, upon his retirement therefrom some years subsequently, to the efficiency of Mr. Parke's services, would indicate that, in the judgment of his associates, much of the credit of the efficiency of the school system was due to him. He is still remembered in this community, for his earnest devotion to the cause of popular educE^tion,

The Board of Examiners at this time (September, 1842), consisted of Rev. James Culbertson, Rev. W. A. Smallwood, and Dr. Thomas M. Drake - Dr. Drake having been appointed in July, of this year, in place of Rev. Amos Bartholomew.

On the 20th of September, 1842, Mark Lowdan and Adam Peters were elected members of the Board of Education, in place of Messrs. Reed and Manypenny, and on the 26th, Colonel John W. Foster was appointed, in place of Jesse Keene.

In April, 1843, E. E. Fillmore was appointed a member of the Board of Education, in place of John W. Foster, resigned, and in September of the same year was elected to the same office.

On the 7th of April, 1845, the residence of Uriah Parke, then Secretary of the Board of Education, was destroyed by fire, and with it all the records and papers belonging to the Board. The foregoing facts are gathered from the minutes of the Town Council, and from a brief abstract of the history of the schools, prepared from memory by Mr. Parke, and recorded in June, 1845, in the records of the Board.

George W. Batchelder, Principal of Male Seminary, salary $600 per annum ; Samuel C. Mendenhall, Assistant, Senior Department, salary $240; N. A. Gray, Principal of Junior Department, salary $350 ; James H. Thompson, Asssistant, Junior Department, salary $240 ; William D. Chase, Second-Assistant, Junior Department, salary $150; Jesse P. Hatch, Principal of Female seminary, and teacher of Writing and Musiq in both schools, salary $400 ; Miss Adaline Parker, Principal, Senior Department, salary $300 ; Miss Isabel Cary, Assistant, Senior Department, salary $175 ; Miss J. Williams, Principal, Junior Department, salary $i26o ; Miss Amanda Charlott, Assistant, Junior Department, salary $96 ; Miss Martha Hatch, Second-Assistant, Junior Department, salary $96.

On the i6th of September, 1845, Gottlieb Nattinger and Leonard P Bailey were elected members of the Board of Education, in place of Adam Peters and Mark Lowdan.

"In July, 1847, Mr. Batchelder resigned his position as Principal of the Male Seminary, and Mr. Mendenhall, that of First Assistant in the same. On accepting the resignation of these gentlemen, the Board of Education bore hearty and unanimous testimony of their efficiency and success as teachers, and added emphasis to that testimony by their subsequent re-employment in the schools.

Mr. Orlando L. Castle was elected to succeed Mr. Batchelder, and Mr. William D. Urquhart to succeed Mr. Mendenhall. In October, 1847, Mr. Urquhart was succeeded by Mr. William A. Castle.

In April, 1848, Mr. Hatch resigned his position as Principal of the Female Seminary and teacher of writing and singing. As a temporary arrangement. Miss Adaline Parker was made Principal of the Female Seminary, and Mr. O. L. Castle took charge of the writing and singing in the Male Seminary. In July, 1848. Mr. N. A. Gray resigned his position in the Male Seminary, and Mr. S. C. Mendenhall was elected to fill his place. Mr. L. P. Marsh, then of Delaware, Ohio, was elected teacher of writing and singing, and entered upon the discharge of his duties January 3, 1849. His salary was at the rate of $400 per annum. In February, 1849, Mr. J. H. Thompson, then assistant teacher in the Male Seminary, was made Principal of the Female Seminary, at a salary of $500 per annum, with dwelling and fuel free.

On the 26th of March, 1850, Mr. O. L. Castle, Principal of the Male Seminary, resigned, and Mr. Marsh was made Acting Principal till June, 1850, when Mr. George W. Batchelder was elected to that position, at a salary of $800 per annum.

In September, 1850, the corps of teachers consisted of Mr. Batchelder, as Principal of the Male Seminary, with four assistant teachers. Mr. Thompson, was Principal of the Female Seminary, with four assistant teachers, and Mr. Marsh as teacher of writing and singing in both schools. The average enrollment of pupils, at this time, was about five hundred.

The First Superintendent

No important change was made in the organization of the schools till February, 1852, when Mr. Batchelder was made Superintendent of all the schools. His salary was fixed at $1 ,000, and he was assisted by twelve subordinate teachers.

In May, 1852, the Female Seminary was destroyed by fire and its schools transferred to the basement of the Seventh' street M. E. Church and the Market Street Academy.

In June of this year, the Board of Education took action .looking, to the provision of additional and more, suitable accommodations for the schools. A committee was appointed to select sites for four ward schools and a high school.

In April 1853, the lots on which were built the Third and Fourth Ward buildings were selected, and Mr. Batchelder was sent to Cleveland, Sandusky and Columbus to inspect the school buildings of those cities, with a view to advising the Board in their adoption of plans, and application was made to the Council for funds to purchase the lots selected, to erect two ward schools, and to make alterations and repairs on the High School building, so as to fit it for the use of a High School. The Council promptly responded to this call, authorized the issue of twenty-five thousand dollars of school bonds for the use of the Board, and advertised for bids for the erection of two ward buildings. In July, 1853, the contract for the erection of the Third and Fourth Ward buildings was awarded to Jonathan Swank, at ^7,645 for each building, exclusive of the stone work. Mr. John M. James was employed to superintend the erection of the buildings.

In the spring of 1853, the first school for the education of colored children was established. Under the laws in force at that time, this school was controlled by a separate board of directors, elected by colored people, and sustained by taxes levied upon property of colored citizens.

In October, 1854, ^'"- Batchelder resigned his office of Superintendent. Very much credit is due Mr. Batchelder for his labors in behalf of the better organization of our' public schools. He earnestly advocated before the Board of Education and before the City Council, the advantages of the graded system over that of the mixed schools, as they then existed, and gave impetus and direction to the preliminary efforts that were made to build up in our city a system of public instruction that should be creditable in its character and remunerative in its results.

The Graded System Completed. - In April, 1855, the new school buildings were completed,, and the organization of the graded system began to assume tangible shape. Mr. Almon Samson had been elected Superintendent, and Mr. Charles W. Chandler, Principal of the High School.

During the school year, ending July 3d, 1857,- there were sustained by the Board: One high school, two senior schools, five secondary schools, ten primary schools, one unclassified school, and one colored school. The whole number of teachers was thirty-one.

The enumeration of white youth, of school age, in this year, was 2,857, of whom 289 were under six years of age - leaving 2,568 entitled to attend the public schools. The whole number of pupils enrolled in the white schools was 1,500, leaving i ,068 entitled to admission who did not enter school at all.

In his report to the citizens of ZanesviHe, at the close of this school year, (July, 1857), Mr. Bigelow, then President of the Board of Education, says: "We. (the Board), have endeavored to secure the most competent teachers in every department ; adopted the most approved methods of teachiiTg : provided the necessary appliances, and sought, by a rigid conformity to the regulations, to make the internal working of the schools in every way successful."

M. I). Leg(;ett, Superintendent. - At the close of this school year, (July, 1857), Mr. Samson resigned his position as Superintendent, having filled that office a little over two years, and having, with the co-operation of the Board of Education, fully established the graded system of schools, and witnessed its entrance upon a career of popularity and usefulness. Mr. M. D. Leggett was elected to succeed Mr. Samson, at a salary of $1,200 per annum. In his first report to the Board, made August 3, 1858, Mr. Leggett thus justly compliments the work of his predecessor: "In taking charge of the schools at the beginning of the last school year, I found a classification of scholars, and a course of study, which, in their adapta,tion to th^ wa,uts of children, their simplicity, their system, and thoroughness, could hardly be equaled by any other system of , schools with which I was acquainted. This classification of courses of study is constantly becoming more and more popular with the patrons of the schools. * * * *

I think there are in the city very few patrons of our schools who would be willing to have any material ailteratibn made, either in the course of study or classification."

Mr. Leggett remained in charge of the schools till Jamiary, 1862, when he resigned his office to accept the appointment of Colonel of the 78th Regiinent, O. V. I.

' The condition of the schools at the close of the year 1859-60, is indicated by the following statistics, taken from Superintendent Leggett' s annual report for that year :

In addition to the above, two night schools were .sustained from the first of November to the first of March, in which were eniployed four teachers, two male and two female. The following is the table of enrollment and attendance in the several departments :

Superintendent Leggett's resignation was accepted January 7, 1862, and Mr. C. W. Chandler, iPrincipal of the High School, was elected to superintend the educational department, at a salary of $1,000, and Mr. A. Fletcher, President of the Board, was employed as financial agent; salary, $300. This arrangement was continued through the next school year, but the exigencies of the times having made it the duty of the Board of Education to exercise the strictest economy, a reduction of the salaries of superintendent, principals and teachers was made, of from ten to twenty per cent.

Office Of Superintendent Suspended

During the period through which this suspension of the office of Superintendent was continued, no very full statistics of the schools were kept. From the report of the President of the Board, made in August, 1865, the following facts, relating to the condition of the schools for that year, are derived :

There were employed seven male and twentyeight female teachers. The arrangement with the Mclntire trustees, by which they paid all expenses of the Mclntire school, had now continued for nine years, and a new arrangement was entered into with them, under a contract authorized by a special act oi the Legislature. This act enabled the Mclntire trustees to contract with the Board of Education far the tuition of the " poor children " who would be entitled to the benefit of the Mclntire fund under.the will of Mr. Mclntire, and to pay to the Board of Education such sum from the income of that estate as in their judgment might be right and proper as an equivalent for such tuition. Under this contract, the Board has annually received from the Mclntire trustees the sum of $8,000, and in addition to that, from $500 to $800 per year to furnish books and clothing to destitute children.

At the close of the school year, in June, 1865, Mr. C. W. Chandler, who had been Principal of the High School since its establishment, inT855, with the exception of one year in which he filled the office of Superintendent, resigned his position, and Mr. A. T. Wiles, who had been, for the three years previous. Principal of .the. schools of the Second District, was elected to that position, at a salary of $1,000 per annum.

The First Lady Principal. - The Priticipalship of the Third District, made vacant in June, 1865, by the promotion of Mr. Wiles to the Principalship of the High School, was filled by the election of Miss Maria Parsons, who had been for several years teacher of the senior school in that district. This was the first instance in the history of the Zanesville schools in which a lady was placed in the responsible position of Principal, and the innovation was regarded by many earnest friends of the public schools with serious distrust. At the close of the school year, however, the Board of Education was so well satisfied with the i-esult of its experiment that they applied the same policy to the other two districts.

A. J. Wiles, Superintendent. - No further change was made in the organization or management of the schools until the close of the years 1869-70, when the office of Superintendent of Instruction was restored, and Mr. A. T. Wiles, who had served five years as Principal of the High School, was elected to that office, at a salary of $1,500 per annum, and Miss Margaret Stultz, who had served for five years as assistant in the High School, was made Principal of the same, at a salary of $1,000 per annum.

At the beginning of the school year, 1869-70, the new school building on Marietta street, known as the "Stemler" building, was completed and ready for occupation by the schools. Later in the year, the Council purchased the Presbyterian'Mission Sunday School building,on Monroe street, and the Board opened in it a secondary school. -

The schools were all now accommodated in buildings owned by the city, except the three schools in the rooms rented of the Masonic Hall Association.

In the summer of 1870, School District No. 9, of Springfield township, including the un-incorporated village known as South Zanesville, was annexed to the city. The Board of Education assumed control of the two schools of that district, and attached them, for the time being, to the Third District of the city schools. In November of this year, the village of West Zanesville was annexed to the city, adding four more schools to the number already under control of the Board. The teachers formerly in charge of these schools were all re-employed by the city Board of Education, and their salaries adjusted to the schedule in force in the other city schools. The schools of the Seventh and Eighth wards were constituted the Fourth District, and placed under the Principalship of Mr. David Harris, who had been for many years teacher and Principal of the West Zanesville schools.

In May, 1872, the incorporated village of Putnam was annexed to the city, constituting the Ninth ward. The Board of Education assumed only a nominal control of the schools of this ward until the close of the school year, deeming it best for their interest to make no attempt at that time to adjust them to the system of the other schools. By this annexation, seven schools were added to the city school system. By the three annexations just named, the area of the city, and its population,were increased about onethird, and the number of schools and teachers in about the same ratio - the number of teachers prior to these annexations being forty-five, and immediately subsequent thereto, sixty.

During the year 1873, the City Council - at the request of the Board of Education - erected a commodious and substantial brick school house, containing six rooms, in the Sixth ward, one in the Seventh ward, containing four school rooms, and an addition to the Eighth ward school building, containing two school rooms. The cost of these three improvements, with the grounds upon which they were placed, was about $30,000.

The School Funds. - Prior to 1839, the public schools of Zanesville were operated under the general school laws of the State. The first general school law was enacted by the General Assembly of 1824-25. It provided for the election of three directors for each school district, and for a levy for school purposes of one-half a mill on the dollar of taxable property. This law was amended- in 1829 so as to authorize County Commissioners to. levy a school tax of three-fourths of a mill. In 1836, the County Commissioners were authorized to levy one and a half mills, and in 1838 two mills. In 1839, ^^^ County Commissioners were -authorized to reduce the school levy to one mill.

The special law for "The support and better regulation of the schools of the town of Zanesville," passed in 1839, ni^de no provision for a levy by the Board of Education of a tax for school purposes, but provided that the Town Council should, upon requisition by the Board pf Education, appropriate annually a sufficient amount of funds to defray the contingent expenses of the schools, for rent, fuel, repairs, &c. The tuition fund was still raised under the provisions of the general law.

The funds so obtained were not suflicient to meet the requirements of the schools, and the deficiency was made up by tuition fees, varying in amount in different years.

There were, at this time, two school districts in Zanesville township, outside the corporate limits of the town, that shared equally with the borough in the funds arising from taxation. In 1848, the Board of Education of the town secured an amendment to the law, whereby the taxable property of the borough was made returnable separate and apart from that in the township, outside the borough.

In 1849, ^ ^^"^ w^^ enacted by the general Assembly for the "Support and better regulation of public schools in cities and towns," the twelfth section of which authorized Boards of Education to determine the amount of tax to be levied for all school purposes, except the purchase of sites and the erection of buildings, provided that such tax should not exceed four mills upon the dollar of taxable property.

In 185 1, this section was, by special act, made applicable to the city of Zanesville. This last enactment relieved the City Council of the duty of providing for the contingent expenses of the schools, leaving with that body only the duty of purchasing sites and erecting buildings. Under the special law of 1839, modified by the several amendments named above, the schools of Zanesville were conducted until the enactment of the present general school law.

Besides the amendments directly affecting the law under which the schools of Zanesville were conducted, it was further modified by provisions contained in the City Charter, and subsequently by those of the municipal code, as well as by amendments of the general school law of the State. These acts and amendments were so conflicting and contradictory, and so inconsistent with the original Zanesville school law of 1839, that it became a very difficult matter to determine what were the legal rights and duties of the Board of Education, and to what extent the powers of the City Council extended to the educational department of the city, and led to much embarrassment in the relations of these two bodies. These embarrassments have been removed by the provisions of the general school law of 1873, which vests the title of all property formerly held by the City Council for school purposes, in the Board of Education, and authorizes the Board of Education to provide tor tuitional and contingent expenses by the levy of a tax not exceeding seven mills on the dollar of taxable property, and, if necessary, to borrow money upon bonds for the purchase of sites and the erection of buildings.

In addition to the funds arising from taxation, the Board of Education i-eceived from the Trustees of the Mclntire estate, from' 1856 to 1865, a sum sufficient to pay the expenses of the schools taught in the Mclntire building, since which time they have received annually, from the same source, the sum of eight thousand dollars, up to the close of the school year, July ist, 1880. And the administrators have contributed funds for clothing, etc., for the indigent children, amounting to from five hundred to eight hundred dollars per annum. The last contribution for this purpose, for 1880, amounted to twelve hundred dollars.

Masonic Building, corner of Fourth and Market streets. - Primary School No. 8, Miss Lizzie McFadden, teacher ; Primary No. 10, Mary Parsons, teacher; Primary No. 11, Alice V. Drone, teacher.; German and English School No. I, Mr. J. J. Bodner, teacher; German and English School No. 2, Miss Lucretia J. Stultz, teacher ; German and English School No. 3, Lavina Printz, teacher.

In addition to the above, there was received from the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, $1,000.00, which was expended in the purchase of books and clothing for indigent pupils.'

2d. That there was received from the State Common School Fund, including the Irreducible School Fund, the sura of $9,095.56, while there was paid by the city, into the State Common School Fund, $7,406.44, leaving a balance- of $1,689.12 received by the city more than, was paid. .

3d. That there was received from tuition.fees of non-resident pupils, the sum of $635, which, as the instruction of these pupil's enters into, the cost of the schools as given in the above statement, should be taken as an abatement of that cost.

These sums amount, in the aggregate, to $10,- 394.12, which, deducted from the $51,666.40, leaves $41,272.28, as the actual amount paid by the citizens of Zanesville, for school purposes, during the year covered by this report.

It should be noted, also, that there was erected and paid for, during the year, a new schoolhouse in the Eighth ward, costing $5,785.18. If this amount, also, be deducted, there remains the sum of $35,487.10, as the amount actually, paid for the ordinary running expenses of the schools for the year.

Population Cost Of Tuition

The entire cost of the schools for the year covered by this report (exclusive of the cost of the new building in the Eighth ward), was $1,877.18 less than the preceding year, and $7,088.98 less than it was two years before. More recent action of the Board will probably effect a further reduction of the cost of the schools for the current year, of about $4,000.

The whole number of teachers in charge of school rooms last year, was fifty-eight, with an average daily attendance of thirty-six pupils to the teacher. If, by consolidation, this number could have been increased to forty, the number of teachers required would have been fifty-three. If it could have been increased to forty-five, the number of teachers required would have been forty-seven. The Board has already moved in this direction toward economy, but the movement should be carried still farther. A comparison of the cost of the schools in this and other cities, shows that the cost of instruction here is made proportionately greater, from this cause, rather than from excessive salaries paid to teachers.

No measure of economy is wise, which is calculated to impair the efficiency of the schools. Cheap schools are not, necessarily, the best schools. It is, therefore, to the interior workings of our schools, that I would call the attention of the Board, and of the community. Visit and examine them. Point out the defects, wherever you find them, and, by your counsel, assist those in charge in correcting them.

Gentlemen - I herewith submit my first annual report of the schools under your charge, being the report for the school year ending August 31, 1879:

Henry C. Werner is the eldest son of the late Hartman Werner, who landed in the cit}- of Baltimore in 1842, a poor, friendless boy, with but limited means, as reckoned by dollars and cents. Imbued with a desire to better his condition, he soon found himself in Wheeling, West Virginia. Not satisfied with the opportunities there presented, he continued his journey to Zanesville, and opened a ."shoe shop here soon after, commencing business on a cash capital of less than one dollar. He worked industriously at his trade, squaring his dealings with the public by the unswerving laws of simple honesty. By this course, in which he ever had the sympathy and assistance of his wife, in a few years he accumulated sufiBcient money to purchase property on Main street. About the year 1860, he added to his stock, goods from Eastern manufacturers, and gradually the business grew until Werner's Shoe Store took on the proportions of a leading commercial enterprise.

In 1876, the two sons, Henry C. and Frederick A., were admitted to a partnership, and this continued until the death of the father, in June following. The firm then became H. & F. Werner, and the two brothers continued the development so auspiciously begun by their honored father, until the house now ranks as one of the most stable and enterpri.eine in the State of Ohio. On the 1st of January, 1882. Henry C. Werner succeeded to the ownership, his brother's impaired health compelling him to seek another climate.

The magnificent store now occupied by Henry C. Werner. No. 133 Main street, first door east of the Court House, is one of the model wholesale and retail emporiums of Eastern Ohio. The room has a frontage of twenty-one feet, and extends back one hundred and seventeen feet, the entire depth of the Central Block, of which it forms a part. Every variety and style of boots, shoes, slippers, brogans, I'low-shoe." - in a word, everything known to the domain of boot and shoe manufacture, is shown in bound!e.ss profusion. The great salesroom is admirably arranged for the personal comfort of customers - carpeted, mirrored au'l supplied with easy chairs, all in the height of elegance. At the rear, on an elevated platform, is the office; on the second floor are the shoemakers, for '"mending" and "repairing" is a part of the business. The large basement is full of reserve stock to be drawn upon as necessity may require. The business of the house, wholesale and retail, exceeds $100,000 annually.

The total enrollment last year was 3,008. This year it is 3,103, being a gain of 95 pupils. There is an increase of 36 in the high school, 97 in the primary and secondary schools, and 14 in the colored schools ; and a decrease of 39 in the senior schools, and 13 in the German-English schools.

The average daily attendance is 2,172, being only 70 per cent of the number enrolled, and 90 per cent, of the number belonging. This is not a good showing, being less than for several years.

The prevalence of diptheria in certain parts of the city, was the principal cause of the low per cent of attendance. This affected more especially, the primary and secondary grades.

The following shows the cost for pupils for tuition (exclusive of supervision and special teachers) on number enrolled, number belonging, and number attending :

The expense attending the opening of a colored high school, the employment of a special teacher of music, and other additional teaching force, cause an increase in the expenditures for tuition over that of last year, to the amount of $3,314-38.

The school enumeration, taken September, 1879, ^^^ 5'57i- That taken September, 1880, is 5,782. This shows an increase of 211 in the school population of the city :

In reviewing the work of our schools for the last year, it is gratifying to be able to report some progress. Our schools have increased in number, as to both pupils and teachers. There has been improvement in the attendance, in the discipline, in the character, and in the mode of instruction. In general, teachers of all grades have labored with a zeal and diligence that are in every sense commendable. With rare exceptions, teachers have been devoted to their work, and the results of their labor have been quite satisfactory. In some cases the success attained has not been commensurate with the labor, owing to the inexperience of teachers, or their want of adaptation to the work. The want of the proper co-operation on the part of parents with the teachers, in some instances has not tended to produce good results, the pupils being allowed

During the school year just closed, I made 725 official visits to the school, including schools of all grades, giving attention to their organization, to the discipline, to the instructions, and to all matters pertaining to the curriculum of the schools.

The course of study and the work of each grade have been made subjects of careful study. Some changes have been made in the course of study, which, it is believed, will be productive of good results.

The principals of the different school districts have given close and careful attention to the schools under their immediate control, having made, during the year, 1,453 visits to them. One hundred and eight visits^ were made by the members of the Board of Education.

It is a matter of regret that the pati'ons of the schools do not visit them oftener. Their interest, manifested by their frequent visits, would greatly encourage both teachers and pupils.

As parents and teachers are both directly interested in the education of the pupils, there should exist between them the proper understanding in all matters pertaining to the school.

Attendance

The per cent, of attendance on the average number belonging, is 92. In this item, I am able to report an improvement on last year, the per cent, for last year being 90.

Truancy

There were 348 cases of truancy reported during the year. This is a subject in which all persons are interested. The evils of truancy, idleness, and youthful vagrancy, are not felt in the school room only ; they are widespread, and affect all grades of society.

"This matter demands immediate attention by all friends of education, and of good order. Reckless and vicious boys, truants from school, infest the streets in many quarters of the city, enticing from better surroundings, those otherwise well disposed, and forming, in eflect, organizations for the training of future criminals and pests to society. Unless some, means can be devised to bring such persons under better influences, the good effect of all our efforts in the direction of free education will be largely neutralized and lost. This element is one whose growth is, from the nature of things, cumulative to an unfortunate extent, each addition to its strength increasing in a fearful ratio its power for harm. Cannot something be done to limit its harmful influence, and its dangerous growth?

"The census enumerators were instructed to make a careful record of all persons of school age who attend any school other than the public schools of our city, and of those engaged as help, or are in business. They i-eport 481 who attend some other school than our public schools, and 981 who are engaged as help or are in business. Our reports show that 3,144 are enrolled in our schools, thus leaving about 1,000 persons of school age accounted for, either as pupils attending any school, or as persons engaged in any employment. All of this number are not vagrants. But a large per cent, of the number may be classed as such. Do we need a compulsoiy law that will be "operative?"

Examinations And Promotions

Six regular examinations are held during the year, one at the middle of each term, and one at the close of each term. The examinations at the close of the term cover the work of the term. A record of these examinations is kept, and helps to form the data upon which the pupil is promoted. The annual examination, held in June, is on the year's work. In determining the pupil's fitness for promotion, more stress is placed upon this examination. The Superintendent, assisted by the principals, prepares the examination questions, and grades the papers. These papers are generally veiy neatly prepared by the pupils, after a form with which they are familiar. Neatness in their preparation in all cases is insisted upon.

Promotions are made annually, and, although this plan is open to objection, it is believed to woi-k the best in a city like ours. It is true, that the pupil who fails to gain his promotion may lose a year's time, and, in some instances, lose his interest and drop out of school. Such cases, however, are not of frequent occurrence. Perhaps as many pupils leave school from being overworked, or from being promoted when not prepared for promotion, as do from failure of promotion. Being unable to do the work of the higher grade, discouragement overtakes them, and they give up altogether.

There are various causes of failure of promotion. Some are physically unable to do the work of their grade. The school work which such pupils are required to do should be verj- light. Their health being the first consideration, their failures to make the higher grades should be regarded as blessings. Some pupils are mentally unable to do the work, their minds not being sufficiently matured to comprehend the studies pursued in the grade. These are greatly benefited by the review.

Failures arise from indifference to school work on the part of pupils, and, in spite of all the encouiagement and assistance given them, habitual truants fail. Irregularitj- in attendance during the different terms causes a large percentage 01 the failures. Every absence from school lessens the probabilities of promotion. The most ti'ival excuses are sufficient to keep some children from school. Many of the excuses presented are worthless as excuses. They are accepted by the teachers, the explanation of what is a "satisfactory excuse" as intended in the rule of the Board on this subject, never having been very clearly understood by them. It is hoped that parents will not keep their children from school except

Reading

The character of the work done by pupils and teachers during the school year, may be ascertained, to a great extent, from the condition of the schools at the close of the year. If they have been earnest and faithful, their work will be manifest in the progress they have made in their studies. I am sure that a review of the work of the past year will show progress in the studies taught and improvement in the methods of instruction.

In the teaching of Reading there is improvement. The course has been so shortened that more time may be given to the subject matter of the lessons read, and that supplementary reading matter may be introduced. The object not only to make good readers of our pupils in the ordinary acceptation of the term, but to develop in them a love of reading, to acquaint theen with good authors, and to direct them, as far as is possible, in the selection of good reading matter.

In the Senior B grade, no Reader is used. In its place a book of selections from our best American authors is in daily use. Some attention is given to the life of the author, but the selections from his writings are made subjects of careful study. While oral reading is not discontinued, special attention is given to the study of the language of the selections, to learning how to read, and how to comprehend what is being read.

It is hoped that the methods introduced will result in making better general readers of our pupils, and in inducing them to read and to love the literature of good authors, rather than the trashy matter offered them at the common news-stands.

Language

Closely related to the study of Reading, is that of Language and Composition. We are aiming to teach the pupils of the lower grades language proper, rather than technical grammar. Language being of little value. unless it can be used readily, our course is arranged to give pupils practical lessons in its use, both in oral and in written work. In addition to the regular lessons from the book used in these grades, the every day reading lesson is made a language lesson, so far as the time will allow. In fact it is our aim to make the entire school work contribute directly to clearness of thought and accuracy of expression. In the higher grades, attention is given to the study of analysis and technical grammar. The development of the sentence, and construction exercises in the use of subject and predicate, and their immediate modifications, accompany the work in the study of etymology. We endeavor to establish amicable relations between these studies and the practical study of composition, by regular exercises in written work.

Special Branches

The progress made in the study of Writing and Drawing, and in Music, under the supervision of special teachers, is as satisfactory as caii be expected, owing to the limited time given them Four lessons per week, of 25 minutes each, are given to Writing, 3 to Drawing, and 3 to Music.

An inspection of our schools will show that very marked progress is being made in the study of Music. Pupils are not only learning to sing, but are learning to read music at sight, with great readiness.

Our tables show that the attendance during the last tei^m of the school year is lower than for the other two terms. Many boys leave the school to engage in various employments. Forty-six pupils were permanently withdrawn. The inducements to leave school and "go into business" are very great, and, to many, irresistible.

If the educated man makes the better citizen, if, in consequence of his education, he is better prepared to fulfill the purposes of life, it is certainly a loss to a community to have its boys and girls forego the advantages for higher education, which our High Schools afford.

In June, 1879, nboys and 17 girls graduated from our High School, and in June, 1880, 10 boys and 24 girls received diplomas, besides a number who completed the book-keeping course, receiving certificates to that effect.

Two years ago, a colored High School was organized, for the benefit of those of our colored pupils who might desire to pursue the higher branches of study. The courses of study, adopted for the white High School, were adopted for this school. Eight pupils are now pursuing the English course, doing the same work and taking the same test examinations that are taken by the corresponding classes in the white High School. It is hoped that the number of pupils, will be largely increased.

The proper apparatus, and better accommodations, are needed, and, doubtless, will be furnished whenever the number in attendance will justify the Board in doing so.

Course Of Study

The attention of the Board is called to our course of study, to the amount of work required of the pupils, and to the time given to that work.

The following are the studies of the Secondary schools ; Reading, Spelling, Written Arithmetic, Mental Arithmetic, Language, Geography, Music, Writing and Drawing, nine in all. To the three special studies, the time of two recitations is given, thus reducing the number of recitations to eight each day; Allowing ten minutes for roll call, ten minutes for the interchange of classes, and fortj'' minutes for the two recesses, as required by the rule, there remain five hours, or 300 minutes for study and recitation, or 37 minutes in which to study and recite each lesson.

This is little time enough for any one of the studies ; for the greater number, the time is entirely too short. Some of these lessons cannot be prepared in the 37 minutes ; neither can they be properly recited in less than that time. The result is either an imperfectly pi'epared lesson, or one imperfectly recited. Experience proves that, in the attempt to do both, neither is well done. The result is poor scholarship. Thorough work is impossible. The course embraces many studies and much work in each. Too much is required of our pupils in the time given in the course of study. There are three remedies :

3. Shorten the work of the present course, and establish an intermediate grade, between the present senior grades and the first year of the High School course.

Pupils enter the High School too young. Their minds are not sufficiently mature to comprehend the subjects taught there. Were they to receive one more year's drill before taking up the work of the High School course, th'ey would be much better prepared in every sense, to do that work thoroughly. They would leave the school better scholars, and better prepared to enter upon any professional course of study, or to engage in any employment. Many pupils, for various reasons, have "outgrown" the senior grades of our schools, but are not prepared to enter the High School.

The result is, they are becoming men and women without that educational training to be derived from attendance upon our schools. An intermediate grade, as recommended, could give such pupils an opportunity for continuing their studies, or fit them for the High School proper. Very little expense would attend the establishment of such a school.

The total cost of the schools for the year just closed, was $44,605.01, being $4,862.31 less than for the year i878-'79. There was a reduction in the expenditures, both for tutition and for contingent expenses.

In conclusion, I desire to acknowledge the official and personal assistance and courtesy tendered me by the members of the Board, and all with whom I have had official relations. My thanks are due the teachers, for the kind and cheerful manner in which they have aided me and performed the work assigned to thern. I hope the same support and confidence may be continued during the school year upon which we have just entered. Respectfully submitted,

Total Cost Per Pupil

From the foregoing extracts, it will be seen that the Zanesville public schools of to-day are eminently adapted to their purpose. The march of improvement has been onward from the beginning. A review of the School Boards, found at the close of this article, will reveal to the student of our past and present history that the members have been selected, with but few exceptions, for their special adaptation to the work committed to them ; and it will be a proud satisfaction to find that each has done what he could for the cause of education. It is owing to this fact that the present worthy Superintendent has been able to make the grand showing found in his report for the school years ending August 31, 1878, August 31, 1879, ^"*^ August 31, 1880. - The efficiency of the Board of Education will be more apparent, perhaps, when their mode of procedure is stated, and as it cannot be condensed to advantage, it is added in full, with some of the other important data in the report.

1. Organization - The Board shall meet on the third Monday in April, in each year, and after the members elect have been duly qualified, organize by the election of a President and Clerk.

2. Regular Meeting - The regular meetings of the Board of Education shall be held on alternate Monday evenings during the year, beginning with the second Monday after organization.

At each meeting the Board shall be called to order at the hour fixed by resolution, and the Clerk shall record the names of the members present.

4. Committees shall report on any matter referred to them at the regular meeting next succeeding such reference ; but further time may be allowed by the Board.

5. Claims against the Board maybe presented at any regular meeting, and shall lie over till the next regular meeting ; and no account or bill shall be paid until after the same shall have been examined and approved by the Committee on Claims.

6. The Board will not be responsible for the payment of any debts contracted on their account, or for the fulfilling of any contracts for supplies or repairs, except those made by the proper committee.

7. Specials meetings of the Board may be called by the President, or any two members, but no business shall be transacted at any such meeting except that for which it was called.

1. To visit each of the schools of the city as often as may be practicable or necessary, giving attention to its organization, discipline and instruction, directing the teachers, from time to time, to make such changes, not contrary to adopted rules, as shall seem best calculated to give greater efficiency to the school.

To carefully observe the government, mode of instruction and general conduct of each teacher ; and whenever he shall doubt his or her efficiency or fitness, to repoi^t the same promptly and plainly to the Board of Education.

2. To hold meetings of all the teachers, once in four weeks, on Saturdays, from 9 to 12 o'clock a. m., for the purpose of giving instructions or direction to the teachers in relation to the discharge of their duties, assigning to the principals and special teachers such duties in connection therewith as he may deem necessary to secure the object of such meetings.

3. To hear and decide all cases of discipline which may be referred to him by the principals ; which decision shall be binding upon teacher and pupil, unless reversed, upon appeal, by the Committee on Discipline or the Board of Education.

4. To devise a system of blanks for registers and reports, have charge of their distribution to teachers and return by them, and prescribe to teachers rules for keeping them.

are uniformly and faithfully observed and executed in all the departments of the schools, that registers are kept and reports made by the teachers with care, neatness and uniformity.

6. To report in writing at the end of each term, or whenever required by the Board, giving a detailed statement of the condition and prospects of the schools, and recommending such measures for their improvement as he may deem advisable, and to make an annual report as soon as practicable after the close of the school year.

7. To furnish to the Clerk of the Board such statistics relating to the membership, attendance and instruction of the schools, as may be required for his annual report to the State School Commissioner.

8. To conduct all examinations of pupils for promotion from one grade of the schools to another, and to examine and grant cards of admission to all applicants who have not before been members of the schools.

10. To keep himself and the Board informed in regard to the school systems of other cities, their plans of organization, modes of government, methods of instruction, and such other matters as may assist the Board to legislate wisely for the highest interests of the schools, and, for this purpose, to effect the best possible arrangement for a permanent exchange of reports between this and other School Boards.

] I. To fill, with the concurrence of the Committee on Teachers, all vacancies occasioned by the temporary illness or necessary absence of teachers, and to make other temporary arrangements relative to the schools, which he may deem proper, and report the same to the Board at its first subsequent meeting.

The Principals

1. The principals shall be in attendance at their respective school buildings at twenty minutes before the time for opening school for each half day's session, shall have a general supervision of the grounds, buildings, and appurtenances of the schools, and shall be held responsible for the neatness and cleanliness of the premises, and whenever any repairs are necessary, shall give notice thereof to the Superintendent.

2. They shall have supervision of the pupils during the recesses and other times of relaxation, calling upon the teachers for any assistance and assigning to them any duties in relation thereto that may be necessary in order to secure the proper deportment of the pupils at such times.

3. They shall keep a general register, in which they shall record the name, name of parent or guardian, age and residence of each pupil in their respective districts, and shall make out at the close of the school year a consolidated

4. They shall visit the schools of their respective districts as often as their duties may permit, see that the directions of the Superintendent and the regulations of the Board are faithfully observed, and in every way possible co-operate with the Superintendent in advising the teachers as to the best methods of government and instructing their schools ; and shall report to him any delinquencies or failures on the part of teachers.

6. They shall each, within one week after the commencement of each term, furnish the Superintendent with a programme of the daily exercises in all the schools under their charge.

7. They shall hold district teachers' meetings as often as once in two weeks, for the purpose of conferring with their teachers on an}' matters coming under their jurisdiction as principals.

1 . No person shall be allowed to enter upon the duties of a permanent teacher in any of the public schools, who shall not first have passed a satisfactory examination and received a certificate thereof from the Board of Examiners.

2. The teachers of the public schools shall be elected by the Board of Education, annually, before the close of the schools for the summer vacation, and shall hold their positions for one year, unless sooner removed by the Board. Provided, that the marriage of anj^ female teacher while in the employ- of the Board, shall be considered equivalent to a resignation.

The Committee on Teachers shall report their nominations for the ensuing year at the last regular meeting in Ma} ,, which report shall lie over for two weeks.

3. It shall be the diit}- of the teachers to make themselves familiar with all the school regulations, and to co-operate with the Board in such measures as will best secin-e their observance.

4. Pvuch teacher is required to have a copy of the regulations at all times in his or her school room, and to read to the scholars, at least once each term, so much of the same as will give them a just understanding of the rules by which they are to be governed.

5. Teachers shall have the immediate care of their respective school rooms, and be held responsible for the preservation of all furniture and apparatus thereto belonging ; they shall also cooperate with the Principal in securing good order and neatness in the halls and about the school premises.

6. Teachers shall pay careful attention to the warming and ventilating of their school rooms. They shall ventilate their school rooms by low- ering the upper sashes (except in warm, summer weather, when the windows may also be opened from .below,) taking special care, however, that children be not allowed to sit in currents of cold air. At recess the teacher shall in all cases see that a proper supply of fresh air is admitted into the room.

7. Teachers shall be in attendance at their respective school rooms, and open the same, for the reception of pupils, at least twenty minutes before the opening of each half day's session. They shall report their own tardiness to their respective principals, and to the Superintendent, stating the number of minutes so lost.

Any teacher who, from sickness, or other sufficient cause, shall be detained from his or her school, shall send notice of such detention to the office of the Superintendent, at least one hour before the time for opening school.

8. Teachers shall attend the meetings provided for in Section II, Rule 2, any special meetings called by the Superintendent, and no excuse for absence therefrom will be allowed, other than would justify absence from a regular session of the schools.

9. The Superintendent may, at his discretion, grant permission to any teacher to visit any of the public schools of the city for the purpose of observing the modes of instruction and discipline pursued therein.

1. All unmarried youth, of proper age, not connected with the schools, may be admitted on the first day of each month, but at no other time, unless for special and satisfactory reasons ; provided, that no such pupil shall be admitted at any time without a card of admmission, signed by the Superintendent, and if the pupil be a nonresident, endorsed by the President of the Board.

2. Non-residents may be admitted by paying to the President of the Board, by the term, in advance, tuition at the following rates : Primaiy Schools, 30 cents per week ; Secondary Schools, 37I cents per week ; Senior Schools, 45 cents per week ; High School, 60 cents per week.

3. No pupil shall be received, or continued in school, known to be affected with a contagious or infectious disease, or coming from a family where such disease prevails ; and no pupil shall be admitted who does not exhibit to his teacher satisfactory evidence of having been vaccinnated.

4. Pupils absent for more than three days at the beginning of a term, will not be considered members of the school, nor will their seats be retained for them, unless they notify the teacher of their intention to return, and render satisfactory excuse for their absence.

5. To secure their continuance in school, pupils are required to attend school regularly and punctually, to conform to all the rules of the school, to be obedient and respectful to their teachers, kind and courteous to their schoolmates, studious in preparing their lessons, and attentive in reciting them, to observe good order and propriety of deportment, to refrain, entirely, from the use of profane language, to be neat and clean in person, and to abstain from the use of tobacco, in any form, while on or about the school premises.

6. Pupils, in case of absence, or tardiness, shall render to the teacher a satisfactory excuse, which the teacher may require to be presented in writing, signed by the parent or guardian.

7. Any pupil who has been absent three successive days, and has not notified his teacher of the cause of such absence, and of his intention to return, shall be considei^ed as withdrawn from school, and shall not be re-admitted without a card of admission from the Superintendent.

8. Any pupil, who, from irregularity of attendance, or want of industry, has fallen behind his class, may be transferred, at the discretion of the Principal, to one of lower grade.

9. Any pupil who shall injure or deface the school buildings, furniture, fences, or out-houses, shall be required to repair such injury or defacing.

1 1 . No pupil shall be allowed to leave school before the close of school hours, except at the written request of the parent or guardian, or for some urgent reason, of which the teacher shall be the judge.

12. Pupils shall not be allowed to assemble about the school premises at unreasonabl-e hours, before the commencement of school, nor to remain after the dismissal of the same.

13. Pupils shall not be allowed to climb upon the fences, trees, or out-buildings, belonging to the schools, nor to sit in the windows of the school rooms or halls.

14. Any pupil who is disobedient to the rules of the schools, or has been guilty of any gross immorality, or has absented himself from any examination, shall be referred to the Superintendent.

15. Pupils whose depoi^tment has been such that their teachers cannot sign their certificates of good character, may be promoted on trial, by the Superintendent.

17. Any pupil who shall biding, or bear, firearms, of any description, upon any of the school premises, shall be immediately referred to the Superintendent, and by him suspended from school.

Boundaries Of Districts

2. The First District includes all that part of the city lying north of Market street, and east of Cypress alley. Pupils living within these bounds

It is especially provided, that pupils living within the following bounds, viz. : North of Mill Run, to Fox's slaughter house, thence, across said run, taking in a few families which are on the south side of it, under the hill, shall attend Mclntire School No. 6.

3. The Second District includes all that part of the city lying south of Market street, and east of Sewer alley. The pupils living within these bounds shall attend the schools in the Third Ward and Stemler buildings.

4. The Third District includes all that part of the city lying west of Cypress alley, and north of Market street to Sewer alley, and west of Sewer alley to the river. Pupils living within tTiese bounds, shall attend the Mclntire Schools, Nos. I, 2, and 3. '

5. The Fourth District includes the Seventh and Eighth wards. Pupils living within these bounds shall attend the schools of the Seventh and Eighth wards, so far as the classification of those schools will admit.

7. If, at any time, the school rooms of any of these disti'icts cannot accommodate all the pupils within their limits, the Principal of such districts shall refer those thus thrown out, to the Superintendent, who shall provide for them, at his discretion, in the schools of adjoining districts.

8. The Superintendent is authorized to grant permits to pupils in one district, to attend school in another, when there are good reasons for the change.

General Rules

1. The school year shall consist of three terms (the first of sixteen weeks ; the second and third of twelve weeks,) commencing on the last Monday in August or the first Monday in September, and continuing regularly from that time, except a vacation of two weeks, including the Christmas holidays, and a vacation of one week, including the first day of April.

2. All holidays shall be the twenty-second day of February, and all thanksgiving and fast days authorized by the State and General Governments.

3. The daily sessions of the schools shall be from 9 o'clock, a. m., to 12 o'clock, M., and from i^ o'clock, p. m. to 4^ o'clock, p. m., in all the schools except those of the Primary A grade, which shall be dismissed one hour earlier, both forenoon and afternoon.

4. There shall be a recess of twenty minutes in both forenoon and afternoon sessions, and no school shall be dismissed before the time fixed in rule 3 of this section, in consequence of the omission of the recess.

5. No school shall have its exercises suspended in order to permit the teacher or pupils to attend any public procession, meeting, spectacle, lecture, painting or exhibition, without the consent of the Board of Education, obtained through the Superintendent.

6. No text-book shall be used in any of the schools which is not included in the list adopted by the Board, and assigned in the course of study.

7. The public examinations of the schools shall be in the month of March, within the last two weeks preceding the April vacation ; and examinations for promotion in the last half term of the school year.

8. Parents or guardians feeling aggrieved may apply to the Principal or the Superintendent for redress ; but in no case will they be permitted to seek satisfaction from the teachers at their school rooms in such a way as to embarrass them in the discharge of their duties.

9. The Board of Education will not entertain anv complaint against a teacher, unless the same shall have been first made to the Superintendent, nor then, unless it be presented in writing and signed by at least one responsible person.

Special Rules

1 . The pupils of the High School must complete their course of study before being permitted to graduate, and their diplomas shall be signed by their Principal and the President and Clerk of the Board of Education.

2. Privilege of partial attendance upon the High School course may be granted by the Superintendent in cases wherein circumstances may seem to him to justify such action.

Any of the foregoing Rules and Regulations may be amended or repealed by a vote of a majority of the members of the Board, at any regular meeting, after two weeks' notice.

List Of Teachsrs For 1880-81

High School - W. D. Lash, Superintendent. Corner Main and Ninth streets - C. R. Long, A. M. Principal, Miss Mary C. Moorehead, Assistant ; Senior School, Miss Rose A. Kerner, teacher ; Junior B School, Alice B. Garside, teacher ; Junior A School and Business Course, Z. M. Chandler, teacher.

In 1828 Mr. M. C. Mitchell settled at Zanesville, anji in 1857 established a marble yard on the northeast corner of Market and Fourth streets. He had but little capital save energy, honesty and an indomitable will. The business steadily prospered, and about 1863 caused him to purchase ninety-seven feet on Fourth street, and one hundred and thirty-two feet on Market street. On the latter site he erected a substantial business building, and on the former a well finished and durable' residence. He had been importing Scotch granite, which for a tinie won its way so largely in popular favor. In January, 1876, Mr. Mitchell admitted to partnership Mr. A. P. Stults, who has contributed much to the popularity of the enterprise. Messrs Mitchell & Stults transact a business that will compare very favorably with any similar concern in Central Ohio. At their yards may be found a full and complete stock of foreign and domestic marble, Scotch and American granite monuments.

. Market street building, between Third and Fourth streets. - Primary School No. 14, Miss Mary A. Gallogly, teacher; German-English No. 1, Mr. A. Berlinger, teacher; German- English No. 4, Mrs, L. P; Bodner, teacher. DisTiticT No. 4 - Mr. David Harris, Principal.

Business And English Course Boards Of School Directors 1838-1881

1858-59. - A. C. Ross, President ; A. P. Blocksom. Secretary ; D. D. Yarmett, Wm. M. Shinnick, Adams Fletcher, W.A.Graham; Moses Dillon, Treasurer ; M. D. Leggett, Superintendent.

1859-60. - Adams Fletcher, President ; A. P. Blocksom, Secretary; Wm. M. Shinnick, D. D. Yarmett, W. A. Graham, Alfred Ball; Moses Dillon, Treasurer ; M. D. Leggett, Superintendent.

1860-61. - Adams Fletcher, President ;A .P. Blocksom, Secretary ; W. A. Graham, Wm. M. Shinnick, A. Ball, F. A. Thompson ; Moses Dillon, Treasurer ; M. D. Leggett, Superintendent.

1862-63, - Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A. Thompson, Secretary ; A. P. Blocksofti, William M. Shinnick, Thomas Lindsay, M. C. Mitchell ; Moses Dillon, Treasurer ; C. W. Chandler, Superintendent.

1863-64. - Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A. Thompson, Secretary ; A. P. Blocksom, William M. Shinnick, Thomas Lindsay, M. C. Mitchell ; A. H. Brown, Treasurer ; A. Fletcher, Financial Agent. '

1864-65. - Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A. Thompson, Secretary ; William M. Shinnick, Thomas Lindsay, M. C. Mitchell, John R. Price ; A. H. Brown, Treasurer; A. Fletcher, Financial Agent.

1865-66. - Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A. Thompson, Secretary ; TMiomas Lindsay, J. R. Price, C. C. Russell, William M. Herriott ; A. H. Brown, Treasurer ; A. Fletcher, Financial Agent.

1866-67. - Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A. Thompson, Secretary ; Thomas Lindsay, J. R. Price, C. C. Russell, W. M. Herriott ; W. A. Graham, Treasurer ; A. Fletcher, Financial Agent.

1867-68. - Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A. Thompson, Secretary; J. R. Price, C. C. Russell, W. M. Herriott, M. C. Mitchell ; W. A. Graham, Treasurer ; A. Fletcher, Financial Agent.

1868-69. - Adams Fletcher, President ; F. A. Thompson, Secretary; J. R. Price, C. C. Russell, M. C. Mitchell George W. Gheen, George W. Griffee, Theobald Stemler ; W. A. Graham, Treasurer; A. Fletcher, Financial Agent.

1869-70. - Adams Fletcher, President ; C. C. Russell, Secretary ; J. R. Price, M. C. Mitchell, George W. Griffee, Theo. Stemler, F. A. Victor, J. W. Conrade; W. A. Graham, Treasurer: A. Fletcher, Financial Agent.

1870-71. - Adams Fletcher, President; C. C. Russell, Secretary ; Geo. W. Griffee, Theo. Stemler, F. A. Victor, J. W. Conrade, Wm. H. Hurd, Isaac Piersol ; J, R. Slack, Treasurer ; A. Fletcher, Financial Agent ; A. T. Wiles, Superintendent.

1875-76. - James C. Gillespie, President ; W. H. Hurd, Treasurer; Richard Hocking, George W. Griffee, William Lilienthal, Jame$ A. Cox, Henry Shrimpton, Daniel Dugan, A. L. Pierce; A. T. Wiles, Superintendent and Clerk.

Board Of Education, 1878-79

Board of Examiners - Orlando C. Marsh, term expired. May, 1879; Joseph Crosby, term expired. May, 1881 ; John W. King, term expired. May, 1880.

Board of Exfiminers - Orlando C. Marsh, tei-m expired. May, 1882; Joseph Crosby, term expired, May,i88i ; John W. King, term expired, May, 1880.

Board of Examiners Orlando C. Marsh, term expired. May, 1882 ; Joseph Crosby, term expired. May; 1881 ; William D. Lash, term expires, Ma}^ 1883."

Parochial School

This was opened in 1842, in a small frame building, on the site of the presentbrick structure, and servfed its purpose uiitil 1870, when it gave wayfoi-the commodious building now occupied ; this school building cost between $7,000 and $8,000..

The school is under the supervision ,of the Parish Priest, and taught by Sisters of the Order of St. Francis. The attendance is about 240; Capacity of the school building is about 250. The school is sustained chiefly by subscription.

The following Priests, officiating at the church, have been also in charge of the school : Father's Gallinger, -Otto ]3orgess, Henry Rensen, M. Deselears, M. Herzog, William Deters, J. C. Kramer, J. W. Brummer, A. Berger, F.J. Goetz, G.,Uhlinger, A. Berger, the second time, A. Hechinger, John J. Rauck, J. G. Nordmeyer, and, in the spring of 1869, the present incumbent. Rev. Magnus Eppink.

building, a commodious brick structure, occupies the southwest corner of Fifth and North streets, and, until 1873, was a day and boarding school foiyoung ladies. In 1863, the building was partially consumed by fire, and immediately rebuilt. From the time of its discontinuance as a day and boarding school, it has been known as St. Thomas' Parochial School, yet it retains the first name.

The school, like all parochial schools, is under the supervision of the Parish Priest. The teachers, from the beginning, have been of the Order of Dominican Nuns.

The following members of the Order of Priesthood, have superintended the school: L. C. Eagan, C. V. Edhn, P. C. Coll, and the present Parish Priest, Rev. J. A. Bokel.

German Lutheran School

The first record of an effort to organize a school of this denomination, was made by Chas. Dieterl)-, about i860. He was succeeded by Schumann, who died, and the school was discontinued until 1866, when a Mr. Diersen, re-opened ; but the effort was not an entii-e success until 1871, when E. H. Dress became the Principal. During this year, the present substantial brick school house was erected, at a cost of about 1 2, 000. One assistant teacher has been employed, from the date of organization under Mr. Dress.

The school is controlled bv a Board of Education, consisting of three members of the church, and elected b};^ the congregation. The Board in i88o: John Bonnet, Jr., A. H. Stern, and John Riehl. The pastor of the church is ex-officio President of the Board of Education, although not elected to that office.

The school is supported bj- subscription. The average attendance is about 100. The exercises are conducted in German and English ; the forenoons in the former, and the afternoons in the latter language.

This institution was opened April, 1866, by J. C. Sinall and J. J. Dinsmore, under the tiarne of "Small's Business College;" it continued unc^er their management fur two years, at which time, J. W. Roll and F. M.'Choquill became proprietors,under the firm name of Roll and Choquill : the name was changed by them to that of "Zanesville Business Collqge," and so continued, to the present. , April, 1876, F. M. Choquill became sole proprietor, and conducted the business, with the assistance of H. B. Parsons, till 1880, when H. B. Parsons became associate principal and proprietor.

During the past fourteen years, over two thousand students have been enrolled, and many of the young men who have beeii connected with it, now hold first-class positions in the largest banking and commercial houses of the country-. ,

Orlando C. Faeqtjhak, M. D., Physician and Surgeon, "was born near Salem, Columbiana county, Ohio, March 4th, 1835. His parents were of Scotch descent, and in religious faith belonged to the Society of Friends, or Quakers. He was educated primarily in the village school of Putnam (now the Ninth ward of the city of Zanesville), under the instructions of Professor Z. M. Chandler. The first movement made after leaving school was a trip down the Muskingum and the Ohio rivers, on a trading flat boat. About two years were thus spent in the Western waters and tributaries, at the expiration of which time he returned home and devoted himself, after due consideration, to the study of medicine and surgery.

After remaining as a student three years in the office of his father, Dr. E. A. Farquhar, Sr., he attended lectures at the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, daring 1857 and 1858. Upon quitting this institution the practice of medicine was begun at Putnam, in partnership with his father, and continued until 1875, when the firm was dissolved by mutual consent, Dr. O. C. Farquhar retiring. In 1872 he graduated at the University of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Up to the present time, 1882, he has devoted his time to the investigation and cure of special diseases. He devotes his whole time to the treatment of chronic diseases only, in which line he has won an enviable reputation by reason of the many cures that he has performed where a cure seemed almost beyond the skill of any physician. His practice extends to nearly every county of the State, and he is consulted by persons living in nearly every State of the Union.