Scioto County, Ohio - Chapter 3 (2 of 2 so headed), 1903 (part 1 of 2)

The Schools

THE SCHOOLS. There were no schools in Portsmouth supported by the public prior to 1839. That is really the beginning of the school history of Portsmouth.

What occurred before that date is largely tradition. There are no public records to show what the Historian would like most to know. The charter of the town in 1814 said nothing about schools. It was not until March, 1838, the Legislature authorized the town council to provide for the support of the common schools, to create school districts, to build houses and to borrow money for that purpose. The same act authorized a levy of two mills on the dollar for school purposes. The Council was authorized to create the office of Trustee and Visitor of the common schools for one year. The Council was also to appoint five persons as Examiners and Inspectors of common schools for two years who granted certificates to teachers and examined the schools.

Pursuant to this law, the town council made three school districts, one of each of the three wards constituting a district.. The electors were to meet on the second Friday of November, 1838, and the third Friday in September each year after and elect three Trustees and Visitors of Common Schools. The Treasurer of the town was to take charge of the school funds and the Recorder of the town to keep the school accounts. The first Trustees and Visitors of common schools were elected November 9, 1838. They were: First ward, James Lodwick; Second ward, Washington Kinney; Third ward, J. V. Robinson. This was the beginning of public schools in Portsmouth. We have first to deal with the period prior to 1839. There was a public school house built in Portsmouth in 1806 by John Brown, senior, but whether it was built by a public tax, or by voluntary contributions is matter of conjecture. Wayne Township had no existence until 1809 and the records of Union Township from 1803 to 1809 are lost. They are not even known to be in exist-' ence. The probability is, that the school house built by John Brown was built by voluntary labor and contributions. It stood where the "Buckeye House" now stands, or on the same lot.

Henry Massie in platting the town of Portsmouth, dedicated lots 130 and 148 to schools. These are the lots where the Second Street School House now stands. He also donated out-lot 89 which embraces three hundred and fifty-five feet on Court street and four hundred and forty-five feet on Fourth.

The Fourth Street School House was built on a part of this lot and the remainder of it was leased out perpetually. Lots 1380 and 143 were first rented out and Clark Smith taught a school in a log house there in 18238. The benches were of slabs, with riven legs, and no backs. The desks were rude boards attached to the walls. The house was heated by a fire-place. The books were Webster's Spelling Book, Introduction to English Reader, Pike's Arithmetic, Sequel to English Reader and Murray's English Grammar. a 1829 George Ross Kelsey taught the first public free school in the Philip Young property, on Third near Washington street. It was continued only three months and paid for by the sale of Section 16; and in three months the funds were exhausted. In 1834 a public school house was erected on Lot 215 on Jefferson street. In 1836 Mr. Mears taught a pay school, and in the same year William S. Morrell taught a free school. In 1836 the school youth were four hundred and fifty-four. In 1837 the value of the school building was five hundred dollars. They consisted of a frame shell on Jefferson and a log building on Second street. In 1837 the enumeration was five hundred and forty-five, - two hundred and seventy-eight males, two hundred and sixty-nine females. School funds were $529.80 of which $277 was paid teachers. In 1888 the sums paid

William Jones was the first teacher in Portsmouth and he continued to teach from 1806, the year he began, until 1828. He was paid by the parents or guardians, a stipulated sum per quarter and with all due respect to the forefathers, he had a hard time to collect that. He often gave public notice that the tuition due him should and must be paid. All the schools in Portsmouth from 1806 to 1839 were conducted in this manner. The law of January 22, 1821, provided that Township Trustees were to create districts in their townships, of twelve to forty householders; a school committee of nine was to be elected on the first Monday in May in each year and a collector, who should act as Treasurer. The committee was to erect a school house and employ a teacher and the expense was to be assessed on the parents of the pupils sent' The school committee was to have its share of the proceeds of school funds. There is no record to show that Portsmouth, or Wayne Township, ever acted under this law, though the Township, or Town, may have done so. The act of February 5, 1825 provided for a state levy of one-half mill on the dollar for a school fund. Three directors were to be elected in each district and to employ a teacher. This law also provided for school examiners. The act of March 10, 1831, undertook to make a complete system of common schools. The school fund was three-fourths of a mill but not to be levied on the property of blacks or mulattoes.- This act added a district clerk and treasurer, and the school meetings were to be the third Tuesday in October. By the act of March 7, 1888, the school fund was made two mills on the dollar, district elections were to be held the third Friday in September, and there were to be three directors elected each year. The act of March 16, 1839, made the school age from four to twenty-one. "Cuffee'' was still an outlaw and only white children were to be admitted to the schools. It was not until under the act of March 14, 1853, that the three local directors began to be elected in April of each year, one in each year and for three years' term. This act provided for Township Boards of Education and central High Schools.

William Jones, the first teacher in Portsmouth, was born in Maryland in 1775. He secured a good education for his time and his father emigrated to Kentucky in 1793, coming down the Ohio River. William Jones made a trip to New Orleans in 1799, with his brother Samuel Griffith Jones, who is sketched among the pioneers. In 1800, William Jones married and located in Alexandria, purchasing a lot there. He assisted Major Henry Massie in laying out the town of Portsmouth, and was given lot 272 in the town for his services. It was on Second street near Scioto. He sold it to Charles T. Mastin for $220. He reared a large family, one son and a number of daughters. He first taught at Alexandria and in the vicinity. He began teaching in Portsmouth in 1806 and kept it up until 1829. On December 14, 1839, he was commissioned a Justice of the Peace for Wayne Township and served one term. His only son, Thomas, became a steamboat captain and owner. Mrs. Daniel McIntire was one of his daughters. His wife died in 1819. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and one of the pioneers of Methodism in Portsmouth. In 1837, he was Deputy Auditor of the county. He lived until 1860 and died at the ripe age of eighty-five, at the home of Dudley Day, his son-in-law. He was a fine penman and clerk and was often employed to perform clerical duties He taught thirteen weeks for two dollars and a halt per pupil. On July 26, 1826, he advertised in the newspaper for those owing him for tuition to settle up or he would place the bills in the hands of officers. Here is his advertisement in the Western Times of May 38, 1828:

Notice

I again offer my services as a teacher of youth for the town of Portsmouth and its vicinity. Those who will entrust me with the tuition of their children may rest assured that every attention will be paid to their literary and moral improvement, within the compass of my ability. The branches I propose to teach are, orthography, reading, penmanship and arithmetic, which I will teach for two dollars and fifty cents per quarter of thirteen weeks. Good school accommodations will be furnished. The school to commence about the first or second Monday of next month.

On November 4, 1818, Joseph Wheeler advertised the Portsmouth Academy in the 'Portsmouth Gazette,' the tuition was two dollars and a half per quarter, Latin and Greek being taught. "The Academy" was on Market street . north of the Court House and adjoined open fields. In the same month and year there was a school conducted in the Methodist Meeting House. General William Kendall, John R. Turner, Reverend Stephen Lindsley, Doctor Thomas Waller and N. K. Clough were Trustees. In 1827 Mr. and Mrs. Wood conducted an academy for males and females in Portsmouth. They referred to Bzra Osborn, N. K. Clough and Doctors Offnere and Hempstead. In the same year Mrs. Ashley advertised a seminary for young ladies, where drawing and needle work were taught. In September, 1828, J. L. Dupuy advertised the opening of a school. On May 16, 1829, Miss Dupuy opened a school at her mother's residence; ornamental needle work and velvet painting being taught. March 13, 1831, Miss Harriet Goodspead advertised a young ladies' school, at the same time Guy C. Kelsey advertised an academy. In 1833, there was a public school taught in a two story frame building on the east side of Jefferson street, between Second and Third by Miss Eliza Ratcliff, afterward Mrs. John W. Purdum. \

In 1836, a school was built on the site now occupied by All Saints Church. 'It was a one story frame building and remained in use as a school building until the completion of the Fourth Street school house in 1839. It then became the residence of Dr. E. Burr and in 1850 was removed. August 11, 1832, Davis and Archbold advertised the "Portsmouth Institute of Education." It was conducted in the Methodist Church. Common branches were taught and also Latin and Greek. In November, 1832, Mary Sharp advertised a Young Ladies' Seminary to begin November 26 in the room formerly occupied by Mrs. Kelsey. In 1836 Robert Scott advertised a night school. May 1, 1838, Miss M. Cummings opened a school in the basement of the Methodist Church. She charged four dollars for twelve weeks in the common branches.

The year 1838 marked a new departure in the schools. Then and thereafter the public took the matter in charge. Then the three director plan, one each year, was adopted which continued until 1874, a period of thirty-six years. We give below the directors elected in September each year from 1838 to 1852 except 1840, 1842, 1848, which could not be found. In the latter year they were first elected at the April election.

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1839 - G. S. B. Hempstead, Edward Hamilton, John McDowell, William VY. Peck, Samuel M. Tracy. 1842 - G. S. B. Hempstead, William V. Peck, Rev. E. Burr, Rey. Aaron Williams, John R. Turner. 1846 - G. S. B. Hempstead, William Y. Peck, Rev. E. Burr, Rev. C. W. Sears. On December 4, 1846, Rev. Sears left town and Dr. William J. McDowell was appointed in his place. 1848 - Rey. E. Burr, P. P. Ingalls, Samuel M. Tracy, Francis Cleveland, Edward Hamilton. 1851 - Samuel M. Tracy, Francis Cleveland, Rev. John W. White, Rey. E. Burr, Rev. Marcus Hicks. 1853 - Rev. R. P. Roberts. 1855 - Rev. E. P. Pratt, Rev. J. Roberts, Rev. B. Spahr. The latter resigned and Rev. E. Burr was appointed in his place.

In 1839, - The Fourth Street School House was built. It cost $6,600. Ratcliff and Schultz were the contractors and Joseph Riggs, Conrad Overturf, and Gideon J. Leet superintended the building. The schools were organized in August, 1839, with two weeks vacation in Summer and two in Winter, The boys and girls were taught separate. There were three grades. Nonresidents were charged $1.00 and $1.25 tuition per month. There were one hundred and fifty-one boys and one hundred and fifteen girls, total, two hundred and sixty-six. The teachers were A. L. Child, Superintendent; Miss Thankful Graves (afterwards Mrs. Gray), Miss H. Ratcliff, Mrs. A. H. Wilcox, Principal of female department, Miss E. Waller, Misses E. Young (afterwards Mrs. Joe Glidden), Miss EH. M. Connell. The receipts for school purposes were $6,615.03 and the si teachers were paid $1,690.05. In August, 1839, the rules and regulations of the public schools were published in the "Tribune" and occupied three columns. There were nineteen rules as to the conduct of the schools and twelve as to the conduct of the pupils. The school age was from four to twenty. The hours in summer were eight to twelve and two to five. In winter the hours were from nine to twelve and one to four. Recess was fifteen minutes in the morning and the same in the afternoon. There were examinations in June and December. Every Saturday was a holiday as well as Christmas, New Year, Thanksgiving and fast days. Among the rules were those which required clean hands, faces and clothes and that the pupils should always speak the truth. In 1840 there was a male seminary in Portsmouth conducted by William McKendree Scott assisted by his brother, an eastern graduate. They had four terms of eleven weeks each and their terms of tuition were four dollars to five dollars per term. Rev. E. Burr, Rev. Alexander B. Brown, and Dr. G. S. B. Hempstead were the examiners. In 1842 there was started a Portsmouth Seminary for young ladies; A. Williams was Superintendent and Miss Cowles assistant. July 29, 1842, the school trustees reported to the council in three columns of the "Tribune." It stated that the Fourth street school house was three stories high, had six rooms, and could accommodate eight hundred pupils. There were two departments, male and female, and three grades. The third grade course was, Alphabet and Reading; the second grade was, Reading, Geography and Writing; the first grade, female was, Grammar, Composition, Natural and Moral Philosophy, Chemistry, Ancient and Modern History, Botany, and Map Drawing. The third grade, male, was, Grammar, Composition, Declamation, Book-keeping, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Astronomy, Algebra, Surveying and Latin. Males enrolled, two hundred and forty-five; females, two hundred and twenty-three; daily attendance, males, one hundred and thirty; females, eighty-nine, average per teacher, males, forty-three; females, thirty-six. The teachers were A. L. Child, Superintendent; Mrs. T. Graves, (afterwards Mrs. Gray), Miss H. Ratcliff, Mrs. M. A. Wilcox, Miss E. Waller. The next year Miss E. Young (afterward Mrs. Joe Glidden) was to take the place of Mrs. Graves. From August, 1849, until July 1, 1842, the school receipts were $6,615.03. In the same time the expenses were $5,- 502.66 leaving a surplus of $1,112.37. The expenses for the year ending June 24, 1842, were $1,768.21 of which $1,690.05 were paid for tuition, cost per pupil, $7.52. For the year ending June 25, 1848, the receipts were $3,566.331%4, and the expenses, $1,532.44, leaving a balance of $2,033.89%. From July 14, 18438, to ° June 28, 1844, Mr. A. L. Child was Superintendent and teacher of the first male department, Mr. W. C. Roberts of the second male department, and Mrs. S. M. Carrel, of the third male department. Miss M. A. Smith was teacher of the first female department, Miss E. B. Glover-of the second and Miss S. Dole of the third. During the year Miss Caroline H. Fuller was employed to take charge of the fourth male department. Miss L. L. Squires, (now Mrs. C. C. Row) was employed during the year and Miss C. C. Austin, Miss Snull and Mrs. Carrell resigned.

The total enrollment was five hundred and eighty-eight, average attendance, two hundred and sixty-five, average per teacher thirty-eight. The receipts were this year $4,202.08%, expenses $1,844.73, balance $2,337.35. Average cost per pupil, $4.69. August 3, 1844, to July 4, 1845, A. L. Child had resigned and A. J. Rikoff became Superintendent and teacher of the first male department, W. C. Roberts second male department, Miss C. H. Fuller third male department, Miss R. A. Varner fourth male department. Miss E. B. Glover was the teacher of the first female department, Miss L. L. Squires of the second and Miss S. Dole of the third. Receipts for the year, $4,531.88%, expenses $1,785.59, balance in treasury $2,745.9914. Number enrolled four hundred and eighty-one, average attendance, two hundred and eighty-five, average per teacher, forty-one. In that year the text books used were Webster's Spelling-book, McGuffey's Reader, Smith's Grammar, Mitchell's Geography, Ray's Arithmetic, Dane's Algebra, Geometry and Trigonometry, Comstock's Natural Philosophy, Mrs. Willard's History of the United States, Mansfield's Political Geography, the Bible without note or comment.

The salaries paid per month were A. J. Rikoff, Superintendent, $45; W. C. Roberts, $20; Miss C. H. Fuller, $15; Miss R. A. Varner, $12; Miss E. B. Glover, $528; Miss L. L. Squires, $16; Miss S. Dole, $15. Total enrollment, six hundred and twenty-four, average attendance, three hundred and seventy-two and a half, average per teacher forty-one and one-third. In this year Mrs. R. A. Sileox became teacher of the second male department at twenty-five dollars per month. Miss F. M. Moxley of the fourth male department at $14 per month, Mrs. E. B. Rikoff of the male and female department at $14 per month and Mary Kerr of the male and female department at $12 per month.

On March 29, 1844, A. Williams advertised a Portsmouth Female Seminary to open April 2nd, at a school room on Front street. Mrs. M. A. Wilcox advertised to open a female school, April 22, 1844. On October 31, 1844, J. Lane advertised a day and evening school to: be under the Methodist Church on Second street, formerly occupied by Colonel Potter. Miss Isabelle McDermotte also advertised a female seminary.

Of the teachers who taught in 1846, Miss Fuller became Mrs. Comstock and Miss R. A. Varner, Mrs. R, S. Silcox. Mr. Rikoff served at $45 per month until 1849. He was then sent away, and went to Cleveland at $4,000 per annum. Mr. Silcox left the schools in 1850 for commercial pursuits. Miss Squires became Mrs. C. C. Row and still resides in Portsmouth, Miss Glover went to West Liberty, Ohio, but has since died and is buried in Greenlawn, among her people. Miss E. W. Rankin became a teacher in 1846 and continved for several years. She afterwards married Alexander LaCroix of the French Grant and is now deceased. 1849 - 1850.

Michael P. Wilson became Superintendent for one year. The Second street building was erected at a cost of $7,184. William Newman and. John W. Purdum were the builders.

A. J. Buell became Superintendent at $600 per year. On March 1, 1851, Portsmouth became a city and the school board consisted of one from each ward and there were five examiners and inspectors chosen by the council.

The High School was instituted January 3, 1853. In 1852, Mr. James H. Poe came into the Portsmouth schools from Chillicothe as a teacher and principal of the Fourth Street building. He had that until July, 1867, when he resigned and returned to Chillicothe, where he spent the remainder of his life. Mr. Buell was succeeded by Edgar C. Selfridge, who died in February. 1852. He was succeeded by John Rolfe, at a salary of $800. His work ended December, 1852. His successor was Samuel Heslet of Washington, Pa., who remained until the summer of 1856.

There were fourteen teachers. These were paid two hundred and sixty-one dollars per month. J. H. Poe was paid $38.00 the highest rate. The lowest was $14,00 per month. Samuel Heslet, the Superintendent, got sixty dollars per month. The enrollment was 1,070 and average attendance 531. J. H. Poe was employed to teach Jatin and Greek. In this year, the Portsmouth school board first recognized the man and brother, with a black face. The first colored school was taught by Mrs. E. E. Glidden in the one story brick still standing, just west of the Portsmouth Public Library.

In 1855, John Bolton came into the schools. He was appointed a teacher and principal of the Second street building. In 1863, Mr. Bolton was paid $750 and the High school was assigned to him. In July, 1864, his salary was increased to $1,000 and he and Mr. Poe were made Superintendents of districts. In July, 1867, Mr. Poe left the schools and Mr. Bolton was made Superintendent. Hé remained until 1872, when he was forced out by a pressure which would have caused any honorable man to retire.

In November, 1856, Emerson E. White, of Cleveland, became Superintendent at $1,200 per year and continued until August, 1860. In 1857, Mr. J. H. Poe was principal of the Fourth street building. In that building Mrs. Glidden had the infant boys and Miss Gunn the infant girls. Miss Varner had the secondary girls, Miss White, the secondary boys, and Miss Bannon "had the primary girls. ,

In the Second street building, Miss Blakeslee had the infant boys and ' Miss Jones the infant girls; Miss Gunn had the secondary boys; Miss Timbrook the secondary girls; and Miss Allgood had the primary boys and girls.

On April 2, 1857, the school law of 1853 was adopted by the city and council appointed the first school board. The course of study was re-arranged and the schools were graded. The City Board of Examiners was legislated out of office and thereafter until 1874, the County Board of Examiners examined the city teachers.

Under E. E. White the schools were arranged as follows: One High School, two teachers; two Grammar Schools, feur teachers; four Intermediate Schools, four teachers; four Secondary Schools, four teachers; four Primary Schools, four teachers; one Colored School, one teacher; total, sixteen schools, nineteen teachers.

street under Mr. John Bolton. In 1858 Mr. Sabin taught the High School, In the Grammar Schools were Mr. Bolton, Miss Silcox, Mr. Poe and Miss Sayler. The Intermediate teachers were Mrs. Blakeslee, Miss Jones, Mrs. Glidden, Miss Gunn; Secondary, Miss F. Gunn, Miss Timbrook, Miss Varner, Miss White; Primary, Misses Williams, Allgood and Wheeler.

Miss Nichols was a new teacher in the High School. In the Intermediate Miss Sarah Rigdon and Miss Sprague were new teachers. In the secondary Miss B. 8. Rigdon and Miss Dobbin were new teachers. In the Primary, Misses Stone, Williams, Bannon, Wheeler and Lionbarger, were the teachers. The whole number of pupils was nine hundred and seventy-eight. In this year, John Bolton and James H. Poe were employed in the Grammar school at $750 each. In the fall, Miss Nichols was employed in the High School at $550 per annum. On March 2, 1859, Miss Jackson was appointed teacher of the colored school at $25 per month.

At the beginning of this year Mr, White, the Superintendent, was excused from teaching. From this period the Superintendent ceased to teach. Before that he had been one of the teachers. In June, 1859, Miss Nichols' salary in the High School was advanced to $600 per year. There was trouble in the Board in the winter of 1860 and all of the members resigned and an entirely new board was elected. The Spencerian system of penmanship was adopted at this time. Up to this time the Clerk did the buisness of the Board but that system had its abuses. The Board met monthly and allowed the bills and made a record of it. Before that the Clerk paid the bills at any time and the Board approved them afterwards. In February, 1860, the whole enrollment was 1,091 and the daily attendance was 1767. A Mr. Harrison taught in the High School, in 1859 and until December, 1860, when he was discharged. The Grammar schools were taught by Messrs. Poe and Bolton, Misses Bard and Silcox. The Intermediate schools by Mrs. Glidden, and the Misses F. Gunn, EH. Gunn and Jones. The Secondary by Misses Varner, Williams Rigdon and Bannon, the Primary by Miss Stone, Mrs. Bolton and the Misses A. Bonde, Archard and Wheeler, the colored schools by Mrs. Weaver. Until April, 1857, the school funds had been under the control of the Council. Then the schools came directly under the state law and the school year ended August 1 each year. The school receipts for 1857, 1858 and 1859 were as follows: 1857, $8,408.28; 1858, $10,954.30; 1859, $9,911.50. Expenses, 1857, $8,428.08; 1858, $8,030.91; 1859, $8,105.72. On June 29, 1860, the first class was graduated from the Portsmouth High School. They were Lewis Terry, Frances Wait, George H. Bell, Emma P. Hunter, and James Kehoe. Superintendent H. HB. White delivered the diplomas and Rev. EH. Burr, D. D, delivered an address.

In June, 1860, the following teachers were elected at the salaries designated. John Bolton and J. H. Poe each at $750 per annum; Mrs. H. Glidden and F. C. Gunn at $250; Mrs. Bolton and Mrs. Leverett, Misses EK. M. Clark, M. Wheeler, Emma Walter, Mary 1. Keough at $20 per month; Mrs. S. EB. Stone, Misses A. J. Jones, Eliza Varner, C, A. Williams and Mary Bannon, each at $24 per month, Colonel John H. Allen of Chillicothe, a West Point graduate, became Superintendent at $1,200. Mrs. T, J. Cochrane was elected in the High School at $60 per month, but resigned in December. He was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Cook, who in April, 1861, was succeeded by Rev. S. D. Tompkins. in the fall of 1860 Mr. B. BE. White taught a Classical School in Portsmouth in the Jefferson Block. He had a public examination on December 21, 1860. Mr. T. J. Cochrane and Miss Sabin were his assistants.

'There was great commercial depression owing to the prophecy of war and the teachers were made to suffer in their salaries. Colonel J. H. Allen, Superintendent, was cut from $1,200 to $900; Messrs, Poe, Bolton and J. B. Valodin were cut to $60 per month; Misses Jennie Sileox and M. A. Bannon, to $25 per month; Mrs. Susan HB. Stone and Mrs, W. BE. Glidden each to $28 per month; Misses M. J. Gunn, Eliza Varner, Alice Davis and Mrs. Bolton each to $20 per month; Mrs. J. W. Williams and M. E. Lionbarger each to $17.50 per month. The salaries for the year were $14,195.

Colonel Allen was retained as Superintendent. October 17, 1863, Rev. William J. Clarke advertised a female seminary. In July, 1863, the position of superintendent was left vacant. John McElheny one of the Board was made manager of the schools. Mr. Poe was made principal of the Fourth and Fifth street schoo] houses and Mr. Bolton of the Second street and Colored school houses and each was allowed $10 extra per month for acting in such capacity. Mr. Powell was appointed teacher in the High School, but did not stay long. Soon after the opening of the schools he was succeeded by J. A. Rich. Mason's Physical Exercises were introduced during the year.

In the Spring of 1864 Mr. Poe went into the 'one hundred days service" and was given a leave of absence while so gone. The women teachers asked for an increase of salary and obtained it.

In June, 1865. Messrs. Poe and Bolton were re-employed at 31,000 per year each. On October 3, 1864, the Portsmouth Female Seminary was opened. 1865 - 1866.

Middleton S. Campbell came in the High School at $90 per month. In August, 1866, the building at Ninth and Washington was contracted for. It was to cost $2.260. Messrs. Hard and Conway were the contractors. In June, 1876, the Salter property on Gallia street was bought for $20,000 and improved to the amount of $4,600. There was a vote of the people on the purchase of the Salter property, four hundred and forty voting for it and twenty against it. In July, 1867, Mr. Poe retired and Mr. Bolton was employed Superintendent at $1,400 and allowed to live in the Salter building. The pupils of the Fourth street school presented Mr. Poe with a gold watch and chain. The enumeration in 1867 was 2,693; the enrollment was 1,401; average daily attendance, 980; number of schools, 20; average to each school, 53; colored schools, enrollment, 125; daily attendance, 70.

In January, 1868, the Salter building was used as a High School The High School was conducted by Messrs. Bolton and Campbell with two assistants. The list of teachers in August, 1867, was:

_ John Bolton was Superintendent at $1,400 and M. S. Campbell in the High School at $1,000. S. P. Petrie was employed to teach German at $900. Mrs. Mulligan and Miss E. Varner taught the A Grammar at $60 per month. The other grades were $50 down to $25. In June, 1869, the west wing was added to the Salter building at a cost of $4,040. James M. Nichols was the contractor, White's Graded School Register was adopted_at the same time. In June, 1869, the enrollment of pupils was 1,560, There was no class graduated in 1868, but one graduated in 1869 and thereafter each year. In 1869, plates for diplomas were first purchased. This year in Scioto County the total receipts for schools were $83,221.87, total expense $63,246.28, of which $41,106.26 was paid teachers. Four German Schools were authorized this year and they were begun by Simon Peter Petrie at $60 per month. He conducted the German until 1872, In September, 1869, William H. Holland was made principal of the colored schools at $500 per year, In 1870, the salary was raised to $550, and in I871 to $600.

John Bolton was superintendent at $1,800. M. S. Campbell in the High School at $1,200. 8S, P. Petrie German teacher at $75. W. H. Holland had charge of the colored sehools at $50 per month. Miss Charlotte M. Lewis first appeared as a teacher this year. She is still teaching. The enumeration in 1870 was 3,408, 1,547 white males, 1,635 white females, 102 colored males, and 119 colored females,

In June, 1871, the High School building was contracted for to cost $10,215. William Newman was the contractor for the brick work, James M. Nichols for the carpenter work. 2

John Bolton was re-elected in July 1871, but resigned November 1, 1871, owing to a difficulty between him and Mr, Campbell, in which Mr. Bolton was right - Campbell and the Board wrong. In January, 1872, it was resolved to tear down the old Fourth Street building erected in 1889 and replace it by a new one, The new building was let to Robert Baker for $23,200, and be allowed $050 for the old building. The plans were prepared by Isaac H. Hobbs & Son of Philadelphia. The High School building was first-occupied in January, 1872. In that school was taught Mathematics, Science and Literature. In the Grammar schools were taught the common branches. United States History, Physics and Botany. In the Primary, Reading, Spelling, Writing, Arithemtic and Geography,

In July, 1872, Mr. J. F. Lukens of Kent, Ohio, was elected Superintendent at $1,800. Mr, Petrie the German teacher resigned. A new B Grammar was created and Miss M. J. Gunn appointed at $70 per month. In January, 1878, Mr. Gilbert resigned and Hiram Myers was appointed. In February, 18738, William B. Ferguson became principal of the colored schools.

This year marks a new era in the Portsmouth schools and one which has lasted until the present time. The first era was from 1806 to 1889, a period of thirty-three years. The second period was from 1839 to 1874, a period of thirty-five years, in which the Board of three ruled; and the third period was from: 1874, until the present time, 1901, a period of twenty-seven years. In June, 1878, Mr. Lukens was re-elected, Karl Hermes was made German teacher at $75 per month and Louisa Knoble at $50 per month. George Campbell was made an assistant in the High School at $75 per month. A new school law was passed May 1, 1878, by which at the next election in cities, like Portsmouth, the school board was to consist of two members from each ward, elected for one and two years, at first, and thereafter half the board to be elected annualy. At the April election, 1874, the following School Board was elected:

The Board organized April 20, 1874, by electing G. S. B. Hempstead, President, William Waller, Clerk, and John Q. Gibson, Treasurer, and appointed standing committees on Finance, Discipline, Repairs, German Schools, Colored School and Library. The new Board rented the Council chamber and on May 7, 1874, appointed as examiners of the city schools, Rev. J. T. Franklin for three years, Philip Zoellner for two years and Rey. Heber A. Ketchum for one year. Mr. Zoellner resigned, and Karl F. Thieme was appointed in his place. July, 1874, Carl Huber was elected German teacher, at $1,100. He is still in the schools. July, 1874, the library was moved from the Y. M. C. A. to the High School building and John Row made Librarian at $50 per year. J. H. Brown was appointed teacher in the High School in place of George Campbell, resigned.

In September, 1874, a lot was purchased of F. C. Searl, at the corner of Eleventh and John streets on which to erect a School House for colored pupils. The price paid was $2,500.

On March 11, 1875, the course of study was made twelve years. There were three grades, Primary, Grammar and High School, with four years in each grade. The four years in each grade were lettered D, C, B, and A, respectively.

In July, 1875, A. J. Rikoff, John Bolton, both former Superintendents, Mrs. Mary T. Ashton, Miss Sue Whitney, Miss Anna Chase and Miss Relda Martin, former teachers of the Portsmouth Schools, were employed in the Cleveland Schools.

In July, 1875, M. S. Campbell was elected Superintendent of the schools. The vote stood seven for Campbell and five for Lukens. Those voting for Campbell were, Gibson, Lynn, Leet, Norton, Reiniger, Waller and Zottman. Those for Lukens were, Cook, Davidson, Hempstead, Stacy and Weaver.

] Mr. William M. Friesner was made Principal of the High School, and Miss Mary D. Campbell, assistant. Dr. Hempstead resigned from the Board and H. EH. Ewing was appointed in his place.

On May 27, 1875, the Board purchased the Union street School Ground from Hannah Waller for $10,076. In April, 1875, Mr. R. S. Silcox was made a schoo] examiner for three years.

On August 8, 1875, the erection of the colored school house on Eleventh and John streets was authorized. Mr. Campbell was paid $1,800 per year, and Mr. Friesner and Miss Campbell each $90.00 per month. Carl Huber, German teacher, was paid $110.00 per month. The total number of teachers including the Superintendent was thirty-eight.

On September 16, 1835, the Board contracted for the Eleventh Street colored school house at $8,067. J. Hobbs & Son of Philidelphia were the architects. In December, 1875, Karl F. Thieme resigned as examiner, and James L. Treuthart, was appointed to take his place.

The late E. E. Ewing prepared a paper on the public schools up to 1876, and we have freely quoted from it. He said that in 1836 the school youth in Portsmouth were 454, in 1876, they numbered 4.000. The value of school property in 1836 was $500.00, and in 1876, it was $153,000. In 1836, there were two teachers; in 1876, forty teachers. He attributed the high standard of the Public Schools to E. E. White, still living on Broad street, in Columbus, Ohio, and whose son is Governor of West Virginia.

; The schools in Portsmouth cost $19.276.31 for the first half of the year; and the remainder of the county, $43,077.08. Cost in the city per pupil, $4.91, county, $3.70.

From 1871 to 1875 only forty nine per cent of those enrolled were in attendance. On March 8, 1876, Mr. Ewing published his history of the Public Schools. It was published in book form by the State, and is a most valuable contribution to the History of the State.

On September 12, 1877, the building of the Union Street School was authorized. It cost $25,356.68. Captain A. B. Alger was the architect. The enumeration in 1877 was; white boys, 1,799, girls, 1,822, total, 3621. Colored boys, 184, girls, 168, total, 847. Whole number between six and twenty-one, 3,968, of which 1,171, were between sixteen and twenty-one. On December 26, 1877, the Union Street Building was completed. M.S. Gampbell yas Superintendent, William M, Friesner, Prineipal of the High School, and Mary D. Campbell and Minta Searl teachers,

1878 - 1879. During this year the Superintendent and High Schoo] teachers remained as in the previous year. On July 9, 1879, M. S. Campbell resigned to take a position at Youngstown, Ohio, and on the same day, William M. Friesner was elected Superintendent at $1,800 per year. Miss Mary D. Campbell was employed in the High School at $90.00, and Miss Minta Searl at $80.00 per month.

William M. Friesner was elected Superintendent at $1,500, "Miss Mary D, Campbell in the High School at $1,000, Miss Minta Searl at $800.00, and George Long at $800.00, he schools received and disbursed this year $32,- 526.74. The school property was valued at $189,000.

On July 10, 1881, William M. Friesner resigned as Superintendent to toke a like position at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Miss Mary D. Campbell of the High School and Miss Eliza P. Varner of the Grammar Schools resigned, hoth of them to be married. Miss Campbell married Robert MclLauchlan, a gentleman from Cleveland, and Miss Varner became Mrs. F. E. Duduit. The enumeration this year was, white males, 1,439, females, 1,574; colored males, 121, females, 134,

Prof. J. A. I, Lowes of New Richmond, Ohio, was elected Superintendent and William G. Moler was in the High School, also Prof. Mougey, the later at $900.00, the former at $850.00,

Prof. BE. S. Cox was elected Superintendent, and remained five years. In the High School, J. W. Mougey was Principal at $900.00, and Miss Alice Ross at $700.00, and William G. Moler at $850.00,

Prof. BE. S. Cox was Superintendent at a salary of $1,700. J. W. Mougey, Principal of the High School at $85.00 per month, Walter Miller, teacher at $85.00 per month, William G. Moler, teacher, at $85.00 per month, At the end of this year Prof. Mougey resigned. :

Prof, BE. S. Cox was Superintendent at a salary of $1,700. Walter M. Miller, Principal of the High School, at $1,000 per year. Ed. E. Sparks, $800.00, Miss Emily Ball, $700.00.

Cost of instruction in the Portsmouth High School, $31.78 per capita. Jefferson Township, $3.64 per capita, Green Township $8.50, Clay in 1895, $15.88. In the Primary grades in Portsmouth it costs $14.06 per capita. Clay Township paid teachers $3,653.80; Green, $3,407; Rarden, the lowest, paid in 1895, $847.91. The average monthly pay for men teachers is $44.00; women, $37.00. Total teachers in the county, 203; men, 91; women, 104. Five men and three women were employed in the High Schools.

D Grammar. Misses Nellie F. Schwartz, (teacher of German), Lizzie Gatterman, Edith Royse, Adelle Long, Philippine Yost, (teacher of German), Nettie C. Noel and Kate L. Vigus.

A Primary. Misses Mamie 8. Faivre, Gertrude Henderson, Alice C. Treuthart, Kate J. Armstrong, Alice Edwards, May St. Clair, Cora Amberg, Virginia Jones and Elizabeth Smith.

Eleventh Street School. Robert Hurd, B and C Grammar; Miss Nora Lucas, D Grammar and A Primary; Miss Carr, B and C Primary; Miss Louise D. Parker, D Primary.

The Board of Education is now engaged in building a new High School on the Davis property. The original building is utilized and the building added to it is to cost $18,000, The building when complete will have, in the new part, four rooms below and one above. In the old part there will be four rooms and a Superintendent's office.

Sketches Of Superintendents And Teachers

was born near Newhope, New Jersey, August 23, 1824. It is a small village between 'Trenton and New Brunswick. His. parents removed to Cincinnati when he was but six years old. Here he attended Woodward High School and Woodward College. He completed the High School course, and commenced the collegiate course but withdrew to enter the career of a teacher. He continued his studies however, and completed his education when not engaged in teaching, and in this way won the degree of Master of Arts at the Ohio University at Athens. He had a very strong constitution, and during his student life only allowed himself six hours of sleep. He began teaching in 1840, in and around Cincinnati. He came to Portsmouth in 1844, as Superintendent of the schools, and remained there five years, when he returned to Cincinnati. .He then accepted the principalship of the school in which he had taught in Cincinnati for two years. He held that place five years. He then conducted a private school from 1858 to 1867. He was again elected Superintendent of the Cincinnati Schools but declined' it. Soon afterward he was elected Superintendent of the Cleveland Schools at a salary of $4,000 per year; and he held this position for fifteen years. In 1855, he was President of the Ohio Teachers' Association, and was also a member of the National Teachers' Association, and was elected its president, presiding at the meeting held at Washington, D. C. in 1860. After leaving Cleveland he taught at Yonkers, N. Y. He reorganized the schools of Cincinnati and Cleveland, and his ideas in conducting schools have been largely adopted in the north and west. In the course of his life he gave a great deal of study to school architecture, and especially to warming and ventilating the school rooms, and some of the school buildings in Cincinnati were constructed according to his ideas. He had on exhibit at the Centennial in Philadelphia in 1876, his plan of teaching and of school architecture. The English Commissioners commended his system as superior to any in the United States. The French Commissioners pronounced his designs for school buildings as the best in the country, and he received a medal at the close of the Centennial, as the designer of the best plans for school buildings.

In 1880, he was elected a member of the National Council of Education whose membership is limited to fifty-two - all representative men. i} hag

He was a member of the Round Table Convention, composed of five or six educational men who met at stated times to discuss the problems of education more fully than could be done at large meetings.

In connection with Dr. Harris, he prepared a series of school readers for D. Appleton & Company, and within four years after their presentation to the public, their sale had reached nearly three thousand copies. In this work he was ably assisted by his wife, Mrs. Rebecca Rikoff.

College, Washington, Pa., in the class of 1853. He was Superintendent of the schools in Portsmouth, Ohio from 1853.to 1856. He enlisted in the army, during the Civil War.~ He was Captain of Co. "C", 104th regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry from August 27, 1862 to March 11, 1863, when he resigned. He served one term in the Illinois Legislature. He was married July 11, 1855, to Mary M. Stewart. Our subject taught school in Mendota, Ill. in 1889. He died November 21, 1898. The foregoing particulars are furnished by a daughter. He recommended Prof. John Bolton to the Public Schools of Portsmouth, and induced him to locate in Portsmouth. Emerson E. White, LL. D., was born January 10, 1829, in Mantua, Portage County, Ohio, and spent his boyhood on his father's farm. His father, Jonas White, was a descendant of Captain Thomas White, who. settled at Weymouth, Mass., and whose father was a member of the Long Parliament, in England.

From five to ten years of age he attended the district school three months in the summer and three months in the winter, and from ten to sixteen, three months in winter. At seventeen, he taught a winter school in a neighboring district; attended the Twinsburg Academy the following autumn, and taught a district school in Mantua the next winter. In the spring he returned to the Academy to prepare for college. He paid his way by teaching; but stepped one year to take charge of the academy in Mt. Union, Ohio, now Mt. Union College.

He entered the Cleveland University under President Mahan, and soon took extra work as an instructor in mathematics. Early in his senior year he was induced to take charge of one of the Cleveland Grammar schools for two months, in place of the Principal who was ill. He undertook the double work of teaching a city school, and also two University classes out of school hours. At the close of his services he was appointed as Principal of a new Grammar school to be opened in February. He accepted this position, but resigned it at the close of his third year, but was at once appointed Principal of the Central High School at an increased salary. He had entertained the idea of studying law, but gave it up at this point and continued in the Grammar schools of Cleveland, in which he introduced _ new and effective methods of teaching which awakened interest and secured rapid progress.

In 1856, he resigned his position in the Cleveland High School to accept the Superintendency of the Public Schools of Portsmouth, Ohio, a position which he filled with ability and success. He introduced reforms in teaching years in advance of prevailing methods. He accepted this position on the expressed condition that he was to be intrusted with the internal management of the schools, including the assignment of teachers, the course of study, the grading and promotion of pupils, ete., and that he should not be subject to the annoyance of an annual election. The schools were thoroughly and wisely reorganized. But the Board of 1860, did not appreciate his labors, and early in 1861, he removed to Columbus, Ohio, and took charge of the Ohio Educational Monthly, which he purchased. He conducted the journal for fifteen years, making it the leading educational journal of the country. In 1870, he published a national edition of the monthly with the title of National Teacher, a journal of wide circulation and great influence.

In 1863, Mr. White was appointed State Commissioner of Common Schools of Ohio. During the period he held this office he was instrumental in securing important legislation for the improvement of the schools. 'The more notable measures were the law which created the existing institute system of Ohio, the law creating the State Board of Examiners, and the provision requiring all teachers to possess an adequate knowledge of the theory and practice of teaching.

In 1865, he prepared a codified edition of the school law, with opinions, directions, etc., the whole constituting a valuable manual for school officers. His last service as State School Commissioner was to recommend a plan of organizing the teachers of the State for Normal training.

He retired from the Commissionership in 1866, and the succeeding ten years were spent in conducting his two educational journals, and in lecturing in teachers' institutes in Ohio and other states.

In 1876, he was called to the Presidency of Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, and continued in this position seven years, during which time the number of students increased seven fold.

Dr. White has been prominent for many years in State and National Educational Associations. | He was president of the Ohio Teachers' Association in 1863; of the National Superintendents' Association in 1868; of the National Educational Association in 1872; and of the National Council of Education in 1884 and 188s.

He has taken high rank as a writer, especially on education, and has made some of the ablest addresses on that subject. He had also written a number of text books for the schools. In Cleveland he prepared a "Class Book on Geography," which had a large sale. At the age of twenty-eight he wrote the "Bryant and Stratton Commercial Arithmetic," and in 1870, isstied school arithmetics. The '""New Century Edition" of this arithmetic brings these books up to the best present practice. In 1894, he edited the "Elements of Geometry', and in 1896, prepared his "School Algebra". His "'Elements of Pedagogy," issued in 1886, was received with great favor, being de-

His work on School Management, issued in 1893, was at once recognized as a work of the highest practical value. He has just completed a new work on the "Art of Teaching".

In 1890, he prepared for the National Bureau of Education a monograph on "Promotions and Examinations in the Graded Schools."" A second edition was issued in 1808.

He was a prominent layman in the Presbyterian church. He was sent in 1877 and again in 1896, as a lay delegate to the World's Presbyterian Council held respectively in Edinburg and Glasgow, Scotland, and in 1890, he was appointed by the General Assemblya member of the committee to revise ''the confession of faith." He has been for years the President of the Board of Trustees of Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati.

He received the degree of A. M. from the Western Reserve University, and the degree of LL. D. was conferred on him by the Indiana State University.

Ireland, and served in the Navy of the Colonies during the Revolution. His mother's maiden name was Eve Eisaminger of German descent. She died when our subject was about two years old. About 1827 or 1828 he came, with his father and brother William, west and settled near Connellsville, Pa., which place he has always looked upon as his home. His early advantages for education were limited, as there were no public schools and few private schools. - It was necessary for him at an early age to make his own living, which _ he did by working in a wool factory on the farm, and finally at the saddler's trade at which he served the regular time as an apprentice, according to the customs of the time. Wishing to fit himself for common business, when he was twenty-two years old, he attended a private school. His object was to improve himself in the common branches and especially in arithmetic, in which he felt himself very deficient. This he did in a term of three months. His curiosity to know something more of the higher branches led him to go to school for four months more in which time he studied Algebra; Geometry, ~ Trigonometry, etc. This completed his schooling, which amounted to not more than two years. He worked at his trade and studied his books until 1850, when books and leather parted company, and he went to teaching in New Haven and Connellsville earning $20 to $30 per month. In December, 1855, he came to Portsmouth, Ohio, at a Salary of $600 a year, and it was through the recommendation of his friend Samuel Heslett who had hailed from the same region, and who was then Superintendent of the Portsmouth schools. Here our subject taught until 1863, when he became Superintendent and served in this capacity until September, 1872. In November, 1872, he went to Cleveland, Ohio, as a teacher of 'Chemistry and Physics in the Old Central High School. In 1876, he was transferred to the West High School in which he has been ever since. Before he came to Ohio he had lost but three weeks by sickness; and never lost a single day in the seventeen years he was engaged in Portsmouth by sickness, and only four weeks since going to Cleveland yet he never had a rugged constitution. 'Those who knew him at twenty never supposed he would live to be thirty. He has taught almost without interruption for over fifty years. He has had great success in teaching; and has always held situations on account of his merit, and not on account of any pull. He was married in March, 1852, to Martha Russell McCune, a daughter of a well-to-do farmer near Connellsville, Pa. A teacher in his 82nd year in a Cleveland High School does not require a character estimate from any one. Mr. Bolton is revered and loved by his old friends in Portsmouth and they will be glad to know he is as highly esteemed in Cleveland as he was in Portsmouth. : Joseph F. Lukens was born at Upper Falls, Baltimore County, Maryland, December f1, 1838. His father was Benjamin C. Lukens. His mother's maiden name was Louisa Smith. His father came to Ohio in 1839, and the boyhood and youth of his son, Joseph, were spent in Noble County, Ohio. He had a good common school education. He enlisted as a private soldier in Company D, 85th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, June 5, 1862, for a period of three months, and was transferred to Company K 87th, July 22, 1862. He was mustered out with the Company, October 3, 1862. He was in the engagement at Harper's Ferry during his service. He cast his first vote in 1860, at Athens, Ohio, for Valentine B. Horton for Congress, and for Abraham Lincoln for President. He took a college course at the Ohio University at Athens, and graduated in 1866. He received a High School State Certificate in 1867 and in 1869 received the degree of A. M. from Ohio University. In 1877, he was admitted to the Bar of Ohio, at Akron. In the same year he was a Republican candidate for State Commissioner of Common Schools, but was defeated with the entire state ticket. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a ruling Elder. He was married near Craw- fordsville, Indiana, August 3, 1868, to Miss-Eliza Trout. He has one son, born in Portsmouth, Ohio, in 1872, who is now First Lieutenant of the 46th United States Infantry and detailed a professor in the Manila Normal School, where he serves under the Civil Commission. He was Superintendent of Schools at Wooster, Ohio, for one year in 1866. From 1867 to 1872, he was Superintendent of Schools at Kent, Ohio. From 1872 to 1875, he was Superintendent of the Portsmouth Schools and from 1875 to 1891, he was Superintendent of the schools at Lebanon, Ohio. From 1899 to 1got, he was Principal of the Normal Department of the Collegiate Institute, at Jackson, Kentucky. He is now manager of the Warren County Record. Middleton Summerfield Campbell.

was born in Virginia, August 4, 1838, and died in Cleveland, Ohio, April 19, 1889. He came to Ohio in 1841 and remained a resident of this state until his death. He attended the district schools and spent his youth on his father's farm. He attended the Ohio University, at Athens and graduated in 1865. He received the degree of A. M. from the Ohio Wesleyan University in. 1871. He entered at once upon the profession of a teacher. He filled the following positions: Public Schools at Circleville, Ohio, one year; Principal of the High School in Portsmouth, Ohio, from 1866 to 1875; Superintendent of the Public Schools of Portsmouth, Ohio, from 1875 to 1879; Principal of the Youngstown High School from 1879 to 1883; Principal of the Central High School, Cleveland, Ohio, from 1883 to his death. In all these positions he achieved success. He was entirely devoted to his profession, very enthusiastic in it and in the judgment of all his contemporaries was successful. He was a prominent member of the Methodist Church both in Portsmouth, Ohio, and Cleveland, Ohio, and has a memorial window in the Epworth Church on Wilson Avenue, in Cleveland.

was born January 21, 1851, near North Berne, Fairfield County, Ohio. His parents were Abraham Setz-Friesner and Eliza Jane Miller. 'They died when he was young and he was reared by' his grand-parents near Lancaster. As a boy and youth, he worked on a farm and attended the district school of the neighborhood until he was eighteen years of age. He entered an academy at Pleasantville where he fitted himself for college, teaching school during each winter and thus paying his way. He entered the Junior class of the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, in September 1873 and graduated in 1875, with honors. During a portion of his senior year, he held a position as 'Tutor. In July, 1875, he was elected Principal of the High School, in Portsmouth, Ohio, and in 1879, was elected Superintendent and served as such until 1881. He was Superintendent of Schools in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, from 1881 to 1885. In 1885, he was elected Superintendent of Schools in Los Angeles, California, which position he held until 1893, when he resigned on account of loss of his health. He was married December 16, 1886, to Miss Addie Belle Towell, daughter of James F. Towell, at that time a resident of Los Angeles. They had two children; Esther, who died at the age of two years, and James Towell Friesner. Mr. Friesner died August 1, 1894. He was a man of high Masonic standing, having reached the 32 degree in the Scottish Rite, and a Knight Templar. The anniversary of his birthday, January 21, 1895, was observed by 12,000 children and 400 teachers of the public schools of Los Angeles, as a memorial of their teacher and friend. The great hall where the teachers and friends assembled in the evening was decorated by the children with thousands of calla lilies, roses and smilax. Addresses were delivered by many of his Principals who had served under him, by teachers, and members of the School Board. Letters of condolence from old friends, among whom were these, his classmates: Rey. F. W. Gunsaulus, President of the Armour Institute, Chicago, 'and Rey. John C. Jackson, of Columbus, Ohio. The proceedings, with all the addresses and letters, were published in a handsome Memorial Volume for distribution among his teachers and friends.

was born September 3, 1816, near Cincinnati, Ohio. He graduated at Miami University in 1841, and directly after that studied for the ministry in the Presbyterian Church, and was licensed as stutch in 1843. In 1846, he located at South Salem, Ross County, Ohio, and conducted the celebrated Academy at that place for twenty-one years, until 1867, in which year he went to Oxford and remained there as a teacher in the preparatory school until 1872. After that he went to Ripley, Ohio, where he was a teacher and minister to the Presbyterian Church. In 1879 to 1881, he was Superintendent of schools at New Richmond, Ohio. From 1881 to 1883, he was Superintendent of the public schools of Portsmouth, Ohio, and thereafter during the remainder of his life resided in Portsmouth.

Prof. Lowes was three.times married, but was a widower at the time he came to Portsmouth. On January 30, 1882, he was married to Miss Fanny Gertrude Switzer, who survives him. He was a member of the City Board of School Examiners for a number of years. ;

In politics,. Prof. Lowes was a Whig and afterwards a Republican. He was a Representative Presbyterian, both as a member of the Church and as a minister. He was a master of the Latin tongue and had as extensive a knowledge of that language and its literature as any of his co-temporaries.

was born in Otley, Yorkshire, England. His father, Joseph Vickers, and his mother, Grace Chaffer, were both natives of the same town. His paternal grandfather, Jacob, and his great-grandfather, Thomas, were born in the same locality. The family is of Danish origin, and, its history runs back to the invasions of the north of England by the Northmen in the ninth century. The more immediate ancestors of the subject of this sketch were farmers and shoemakers. His parents came to this country in 1849, when he was a child. He received his early education in the Boston public schools; later he received his academic and theological education at the Unitarian 'Theological School at Meadville, Pennsylvania, where he remained four years and was graduated. He then went to Germany and spent four years at the University of Heidelberg and one half vear at the University of Zuerich in Switzerland, engaged in the study of philology, philosophy, history and educational theory and_ methods. His letters of introduction to some of the most eminent professors in Heidelberg, procured him admission to their families and gave him a social position not usual among students. He thus became intimately acquainted with Professor Edward Zeller, the famous historian of Greek Philosophy, Professor George Gottfried Gervinus, the author of the best known history of German Literature, Professor George Weber, the Historian, and Rector of the Hoehere Buergerschule, and Richard Rothe, the most eminent theologian of his time. Prof. Vickers' philological and linguistic studies included Greek, Latin, Hebrew, German including the German dialects, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. He has a speaking knowledge of the principal modern languages, and a reading knowledge of them all, excepting the Slavonic tongues. His instructor in Hebrew was the famous orientalist, Weil, who spent five years disguised as an Arab among the Arabian tribes for the purpose of studying their language, customs and religion.

A year before Prof. Vickers returned from Europe, he had accepted the pastorate of the. First Congregational (Unitarian) Church in Cincinnati, which, beginning: with January, 1867, he held for seven years. In the last year of this pastorate (1873) he was elected Professor of the German Language in the+first faculty of the University of Cincinnati, and afterward, in the same ear, Chief Librarian of the Public Library of Cincinnati. He entered upon his duties as Librarian, January 1, 1874, when the present building was nearing completion. The task fell to him of re-classifying and recataloguing the entire library, and of re-organizing it in accordance with the larger demand to be made upon it both by scholars and students, and by the general reading public. His success in all: these respects was almost phenomenal and attracted attention among professional librarians both in this country and in Europe. Dr. Richard Garnett, the Librarian of the British Museum, took especial occasion, at the International Congress of Librarians held in London in 1877, to commend Professor Vickers' system of departmental catalogues as "eminently sensible and practical." Until his resignation of the office of Librarian, he was unanimously re-appointed every year, and had entire control of more than fifty assistants and of all purchases of books. He was twice sent to Europe by the Board of Managers in the interest of the Library.

On his return from Europe in 1877, Professor Vickers was elected acting President of the University of Cincinnati, which with the consent of the library authorities, he accepted. The following year, 1878, he was elected permanently as President of the University and Professor of History. By an agreement between the two governing boards, he accepted the university position, but still continued the work of supervision in the library. At the end of the following year, December 31, 1879, having found the duties of the two positions entirely too burdensome, he resigned the Librarianship. While in charge of the Cincinnati Public Library he instituted many reforms in the management and was one of the originators of the movement, since become popular, for the technical education of librarians. 'The "charging system'' invented by Professor Vickers, was exhibited at the World's Fair in Chicago and

Professor Vickers took up the University work with the enthusiasm and vigor for which he is known, doing far more than his share of the actual teaching and at the same time organizing the courses of study in the Academic Department, the Art School, and the Astronomical Observatory. In the two latter departments there had been no faculty, which had occasioned a good deal of friction between the teachers; this soon disappeared under his management. When the Art School was separated from the University and united with the Cincinnati Art Museum, the Hon. M. E. Ingalls, the President of the Art School Board, said, at the final conference with the University Directors, that they would be thoroughly satisfied if they succeeded in managing the schools as well as President Vickers had

Besides three regular courses in History, the teaching of Professor Vickers in the University embraced at various times lectures on Pedagogy, on the science of Government, on the elements of jurisprudence, and also instruction in German, Spanish, and Italian. He was also at one time a member of the Cincinnati Board of Education, and also, for many years, a member of the Board of School Examiners.

In April, 1884, Professor Vickers resigned both his positions in the University to take effect at the end of the academic year. For four years succeeding he was mainly occupied with literary work. In the seventies he did a great deal of editorial writing for the Cincinnati Commercial; he was a contributor to the New York Nation; and edited the department of foreign literature in the Christian Quarterly Review, which the New York Independent characterized as fully equal to that of any of the English or American quarterlies. In 1868, he published a life of Grant in German, and in the same year his celebrated controversy with Archbishop Purcell, which called forth much comment both in this country and in Germany, appeared in book form, with an appendix containing the famous Encyclical Letter of Pius IX and its Syllabus of Modern Errors, in Latin, with a parallel English translation by Professor Vickers. He has also published a great many educational addresses both in English and German,

In 1888, Professor Vickers came to Portsmouth as Superintendent of Public Schools, which office he retained for thirteen years. For a part of this time, he was a member of both County and City 3oard of: School Examiners. He aimed to bring the schools to the highest point of efficiency and succeeded. He reorganized the High School and made it one of the best in the state. He also sought by giving instruction to the teachers in various languages to inspire them with a desire for wider study and a more general culture. His chief aim, however, and his ambition, was to keep in touch with the work of each individual child from the moment it entered school until it was graduated from the High School, or had withdrawn before' reaching that point. He was able to do this by means of an adjustable alphabetical system of records which he invented and copyrighted. It may be truly said that Professor Vickers posssessed more linguistic accomplishments than any other who was ever at the head of the Portsmouth schools, and in general scholarship and efficiency he led them all.

In 1901, Professor Vickers was elected Superintendent of the schools in Mansfield, Ohio; but was not a candidate for re-election, in 1902. He still retains his residence in Mansfield, although he owns a fine home on North Waller street in Portsmouth. He has been twice married, the first time while he was still a student in Germany ; the second time in Cincinnati, in 1884, to Leonora Oppenheimer. 'The children of the first marriage were: George Theodore, at present Assistant Prosecutor of the Pleas in Jersey City, formerly an attache of the Harvard Observatory at Arequipa, South America ; Robert Frederick, who holds a clerical position in New York City; Grace Elizabeth, the wife of Wilhelm Doering, a well known artist in Berlin, Germany; and Victoria Katharina, who also lives in Berlin. The children of the second marriage were: Leonhard, who died in

Professor Vickers was an old time abolitionist, and personally acquainted with William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Samuel May, Gerritt Smith, and most of the other prominent anti-slavery people. When he went to Europe to study, he took with him a circular letter from William Lloyd Garrison introducing him to all the leading anti-slavery men and women in England, Ireland and Scotland.

The parents of Professor Vickers, and also his son Leonhard, are buried in Greenlawn Cemetery, Portsmouth, Ohio; his father having died in 1892, and his mother in 1902.

was born in Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia, April 17, 1863. He was educated in the common schools of that city and graduated from the High School in 1880. He entered the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, Virginia, in September, 1881, and remained there four years. He was graduated from that Institution July 4, 1885, as Senior Captain of the Corps of Cadets. and ranking third in a class.of 25. He took service with the Maysville & Big Sandy Railroad (now the C. & O.), as an Assistant Civil Engineer and rose to the position of Resident Engineer. In 1887, he was appointed Resident Engineer by the Ohio & Northwestern R. R. Co. under Col. John D. Letcher, and later he was Resident Engineer of the Southern Railroad. From 1890 to 1893, he taught Civil Engineering and Military Tactics at the Ohio Military Institute at College Hill, Ohio. From 1893 to 1896, he was with the Kentucky Training School at Danville, Ky. He entered the Portsmouth High School as Principal in the fall of 1896, and held that position until April, 1901,.when he was chosen Superintendent. He was re-elected for 1902 and 1903. He was City Civil Engineer of Portsmouth for a short time, and a member of the Flood Defense Committee. He has received. the degrees of "Bachelor of Science" and 'Civil Engineering," and has been a member of the City Board of School Examiners for five years. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Doty, daughter of Theodore Doty, September 3, 1891, and their children are: Edith Mae, George Baird, Harold Doty (died in infancy), John Imboden and Howard Doty. In politics, Mr. Hudson is a Democtat. As Superintendent of the Portsmouth Schools, he is active, energetic and progressive. He has managed the schools with as great efficiency as any of his predeces-

1838 he began teaching school near Chillicothe, Ohio, at $8.50 per month in a rude log cabin, and he taught from that time until failing eyesight compelled him to cease.

He was married March 11, 1847, to Miss Lucy A. Taylor, who survived him. They had five children, of whom three daughters, Sadie, Mattie and Ella are still living. In 1851 he came to Portsmouth, Ohio, as a teacher, and remained until 1867. In Portsmouth, he was a District Superintendent and had charge of the lower Fourth street building.

On returning to Chillicothe in 1867, he took charge of the eastern building and held it till 1875, as Principal. He then opened a private school on Hickory street. He kept that up until compelled by his health to give it up. He then taught summer review schools in the summer vacation for the benefit of teachers. He was school examiner for Ross County for several years. He died February 21, 1888. He possessed the ability to interest his pupils in their work. He had a rare faculty of imparting instruction. He was a man of fine physical appearance and presence until broken down by disease.

was born in Littleton, New Hampshire, about 1815. Her father was Gen. David Rankin and her mother's maiden name was Persis Daniels. The family consisted of seven daughters and one son. About 1843 the family came to the French Grant. Miss Rankin taught school in Kentucky two years, and taught in the public schools of the town of Portsmouth about fourteen years, one year of which | was in a private school. She married Alexander LaCroix, father of Professor LaCroix. She died in 1891, at the age of seventy-six, and is interred in Woodland Cemetery at Ironton, Ohio. Her father, David Rankin, is buried at the Haverhill burying ground, also her mother. Her grandfather Rankin came from Scotland. She was regarded as one of the best of Portsmouth teachers and taught High School branches for many years. Mrs. Mary Ann Mulligan is one of the veteran teachers of Portsmouth, now living in honored retirement, waiting for the better country out of sight. She was born in Portsmouth, December 22, 1838, and has never lived elsewhere. Her father, Edward Bannon, was a native of Ireland, as was her mother whose maiden name was Bridget Dervin.

Our subject began as a pupil in the Portsmouth schools in 1845, and attended there until 1854. The last four years in school she was a pupil of Miss Rankin, a famous teacher.

In 1856, at the age of eighteen, she became a teacher in the publis schools, and was such thereafter until 1891, a period of thirty-five years. The best part of her life she gave to the cause of public education. She was born with a gift for teaching, and it never failed her. When she began she had one hundred and thirteen pupils. E. E. White, Superintendent, visited her room when she had that number, and supposed she could do nothing but keep order, but he found that she taught them and did it well. She never had any trouble with her pupils. While in her early years she used the rod, but she did it with such judgment that her pupils, now men, are thankful she did. In no case of discipline did she ever have to call in the Superintendent.

She began her teaching in the Lower Fourth Street Building, and was promoted from time to time, without any solicitation on her part, until 1867, when she reached the "A" Grammar, in which grade she taught until her retirement.

On August 27, 1867, she married Edward Mulligan and fully intended to retire from the schools. Prof. John Bolton had just accepted the Superintendency of the Schools and felt that her school would be disorganized if she retired. He prevailed on her to remain, and she did so at his urgent entreaty. She remained until June, 1891.

All those who have been her pupils have an affection for her amounting to reverence. None of them ever speak of her except in terms of the highest regard. She always had the highest confidence and regard of the different Superintendents and of her fellow teachers.

Her husband died on December 31, 1895, much regretted, and since then she has lived on Gay street in dignified retirement, honored by all who know her.

The editor of this work is glad and proud that it is his privilege to write of her worth as a woman and a teacher, though he has not the command of language sufficient to do the subject justice. His only son, now long deceased, was one of her pupils, and he speaks from his heart.

The greatest work any one can do is for the young, to teach them so they will make excellent men and women. Who has given more of her life to that work than Mrs. Mulligan?

Mrs. Mulligan is a devout communicant of the Church of the Holy Redeemer, and the writer believes she is as true and devoted a Christian woman as has ever lived. From childhood to the present day, when in the city anid well, she has attended matins at the church every day in the year, and expects to do so as long as she lives. She has lived a life of usefulness and duty and her history is an object lesson to all who know her.

She tells many interesting reminiscences of her early days of teaching. During the early part of the civil war, Col. J. H. Allen was Superintendent of the Schools. He was a Union man but his wife was a rebel. One day, his daughter,.a pupil of Mrs. Mulligan's, and a most beautiful girl, lovely as a dream of heaven, came into the school room, with a tiny rebel flag pinned to her breast. The other girls saw it at a glance, flew at her and tore it off. She remembers Deborah Chandler was foremost in the fray. Mrs. "Mul ligan relates that when the news came of the surrender of Vicksburg, she had the bell of the Fourth street school house rung continuously all day.

When she entered the corps of teachers, Mrs. Eliza Glidden was still among them as well as Mrs. Thompson, mother of Mrs. Henry Hall, her daughter, Julia and Mrs. Rigdon, mother of Mrs. Thomas S. Hall, and grandmother of Miss Lucy W. Hall, a teacher in the High School.

Mrs. Mulligan has lived to see the results of her labors in the men and women about her, and long may she enjoy on this earth, the satisfaction and comfort of all duties well done.

Her maiden name was, Hartzoff, and her native place was New Castle, Pa. Her husband was William J. Ashton, a member of the rooth Pennsylvania Infantry, known as the ''Roundheads" in the Civil War. Soon after the Civil War, he went South and died there. His father was Edwin Ashton of Edinburg, Pa., a brother of Joseph Ashton of Portsmouth, Ohio, and a son of Major Joseph Ashton of the Revolutionary War, who has a sketch herein.

Mrs. Ashton came to Portsmouth, Ohio, in 1863, and taught . nine years in the Portsmouth schools; three years of this time, she was the Principal of the old Second street school building. She went to Cleveland in 1874, and was made Principal of the building in the Iron ward of that city. She served five years and four months in that position and accepted the work of training teacher in connection with the Normal Training School, where she is occupied now, after 22 years of continuous work. Her two children were born in Portsmouth, and were ten and eight years of age, when she left there. Her daughter, Martha Bolton died when 28 years of age, and her son, Edwin Percy Ashton, is in Detroit, Mich., in an extensive business in electric supplies. Dey

One of the Superintendents of the Cleveland Schools says this of Mrs. Ashton's work: "Mrs. Mary Ashton has been in Cleveland public schools for nearly a quarter of a century. Her work has been strong, broad and efficient. Her influence-on her pupils and the teachers she trains is elevating, ennobling and lasting. Mrs. Ashton is a woman of strong and positive characteristics, and at the same time her heart goes out in love and tenderness toward all; and especially toward children who are fortunate enough to be in the school rooms of which she has charge. In the social circles of the city, she is highly esteemed and her influence here is far-reaching and always womanly. She stands for the best things morally, spiritually, mentally and physically.

now of Topeka, Kansas, was one of the most efficient of Portsmouth teachers. She began teaching in the fall of 1868 in the "C" Primary in the old Library Building on the corner of Fifth and Court. She was promoted about the middle of the second year following to the "B" Primary in the Second street building. The next year she was promoted to the "A" Primary. She taught in that grade some five or-six years and was promoted to the "D" Grammar. From the "D" Grammar she was given the "D'' Primary school and taught that until she went to Topeka, Kansas, in 1885, making eighteen years continuous service in the public schools. During all this time, her relations with the Superintendent, the School Board and her fellow teachers were the most cordial. She was very successful in discipline, in teaching and in the promotion of her pupils. Miss Emily Ball is a native of Portsmouth. Her father was Wm. Henry Ball, resident on Third street. She entered the schools as a pupil in 1860, and graduated in 1872. For two and one-half months she taught as a substitute in the Portsmouth schools in the fall of 1872; and three months of the following spring, at the Red School House. In the fall of 1873, she began as a teacher in the Portsmouth schools in the "C" Primary on Fourth street. She was three years in that grade, then was promoted to the "A" Primary on Second street, in which she taught the English branches of that grade and the Arithmetic of the "B" Primary for two years. She went into the "D" Grammar on Union street, and taught there three years, and then one year in the "C" Grammar. She was promoted to the '"B'' Grammar, and after teaching there one year was dropped back to the "C" Grammar, on account of the dropping of an extra school. She remained in this grade two years and then was appointed to the "B" Grammar and "A" Grammar, but never taught. She went into the High School in the fall of 1885, and has been there since. She was Principal of the Union street building from'1879 to 1885, and Principal of the High School three years, and she was re-elected Principal in rg0r, which position she now holds. The most of her labor in the High School has been in teaching Mathematics and Astronomy, but she has taught English and American Literature, English Composition, English History and Civics. When she began, there were three teachers in the High School; there are now six. At the beginning of her teaching in the High School, she taught 54 pupils out of 108.

Miss Ball enjoys the distinction of holding-a~High School Life Certificate from the State, and at-present the only one in the corps of teachers having such. She is most highly esteemed as a teacher and disciplinarian and enjoys the confidence of the Board of Education and the parents of her pupils to the highest degree.

one of the most successful grammar teachers came to Portsmouth in 1854. She was a native of the State of New York. She obtained her entire education in the schools of Portsmouth. She began teaching thirty years ago in the "C" Primary. ,She was promoted to the "B" Primary and from there directly to the "D'" Grammar, and from there was promoted regularly into the "A" Grammar, where she is now teaching. She taught one year under Professor John Bolton, and has beat continually in the schools from that time; and has never lost more than a week, and that on account of sick relatives. Mrs. Pauline Ashton McHeown was born in Pennsylvania, near Edenburg, twenty-eight miles from Pittsburg. Her father was Joseph Ashton, well known in Portsmouth, the son of Major Joseph Ashton, of the Revolutionary War who has a separate sketch herein. Her mother was Matilda Kennedy, a sister of Milton Kennedy, a woman of strong mind and active piety. Our subject attended the public schools of Portsmouth, beginning as a pupil under Superintendent E. EF. White, and belonged to the High School class which graduated in 1860. Later she went to Parker's Academy in Clermont County and finished her education. She took naturally to teaching and found employment in the schools of Pike, Scioto, Ross and Highland Counties and also in the district schools of Franklin County, Indiana. In 1874, she took up the work .of teaching in the Public Schools of Portsmouth under the superintendency of Prof. J. F. Lukens. From that time to the present, she has been employed practically continuously in the Portsmouth. schools, which fact is of itself a tribute to her ability as a teacher. She was Principal of the Second street building from 1877 to 1882 and of the Union street building from 1882 to 1887. From 1887 to 1889, she was in the latter building and since 1889, she has been Principal of the Union street building. She succeeded Mrs. Mulligan in the "A"? Grammar grade in 1891, when the latter retired. Mrs. McKeown is a good disciplinarian and possesses the desirable faculty of being able to get out of a pupil the best there is in him. She is well known in educational circles throughout the state and attends many of the state gatherings and has submitted papers of recognized value. On the 7th of March, 1873, she was married to John H. Mc- Keown, of Brookville, Indiana. He died April 2, 1891. She has a son, Emmitt McKeown, a well known young man of business, and with a fine record as a soldier in the Spanish War. Mrs. McKeown is a member of the Second Presbyterian Church and active in all movements, social, economical and religious, that look to the uplifting and betterment of the race. She keeps abreast with the times. She is a reader and observer, a, careful thinker, an interesting conversationalist and her opinions are sought on many subjects. While teaching is her business, while she loves her work and is enthusiastic over it, she does not permit it to absorb her life. She is interested in much outside of her school work, in short in everything that makes for the betterment of herself and all about her.

graduated from the Portsmouth High School in 1889. In 1889 and 1890 she was a substitute teacher in the Portsmouth public schools. She taught the "C'' Primary for one year from September, 1890. For ten years after she taught in the "D" Primary. She was elected a teacher in the Portsmouth High School to take effect September, 1901, and has taught '""D" English, "C'' History and German and "A"' Arithmetic. Miss Louise Dever is a graduate of Smith College, now Holyoke; North Hampton, Massachusetts. In June, 1901, she was elected teacher in the Portsmouth High School and taught Physics, Chemistry and Civil Government. She has been re-elected for 1902-3.

one of the Portsmouth corps of teachers began her career as such in the Union street building in 1887. She taught two years each in the "B" Primary and "A" Primary and "A" Grammar. She taught three years in the "C"' Grammar and has taught to the present time six years in the "B" Grammar. She has done a great deal of permanent valuable work in the schools, and is highly esteemed for her qualities as a teacher. Miss Mattie Lynn is one of Portsmouth's most experienced teachers. She was a graduate of the Portsmouth High School in 1877, and entered the corps of teachers January, 1882, beginning in the "C" Primary, taking the place of a teacher who was married. She taught in this grade one year and a half, in the "B'' Primary two years, "A" Primary two years, "D'' Grammar two years, "'C' Grammar three years and has taught eight years in the "B' Grammar where she is now engaged. She has taught in the lower Fourth street building, in Second street, in the Union street building and in Sixth street. She has always been successful in the maintenance of discipline and inducing her pupils to study, and has quite a record in grading them in each year. "Her per centum of pupils passed each year has been as high as any teacher who ever taught in the schools, is a graduate of the Portsmouth High School in the year 1885. She was the valedictorian of her class. After her graduation, she taught at the Children's Home for three years, then after that she was appointed one of the Portsmouth corps of teachers, beginning in the "B" Primary, where she spent two years. She taught in the "D" Primary two years, and afterwards in the '"D'' Grammar for eighteen months. The test of a teacher's capacity and ability is in an ungraded school, and she was a teacher in them for some time. She spent three years and one-half in the "C'' Grammar. She taught seven months in the High School in 1901, and is at present teaching in the "B' Grammar. She has attended the training school for teachers at the Normal University of Michigan and at the Harvard University at Boston, Mass. She is a great student in her profession, and is recognized as one of the ablest and most ambitious teachers ever in the city schools. : Miss Iza Abbott, now Mrs. William H. Dressler, entered the Portsmouth public schools in 1889, in the "C" Primary grade and remained in the corps eleven years, and at the time when she left the schools in 1891, she was teacher in the "C'" Grammar. She was regarded as one of the most faithful and efficient teachers of the City. She was married January 27, 1901, and has one son, Donald. Miss Kate L. Vigus is a graduate of the Portsmouth High Schools. She began teaching in the "C" Primary grade and taught there from two to three years, She was promoted until she reached the "D" Grammar grade and taught there three years, and was assigned to the "D" Primary where she taught until 1902, when she was transferred to the "D" Grammar. She was made Principal of the Fourth Street Building in 1886, and has held that position ever since. She has written a number of. literary articles for magazines which were accepted and for which she was paid. She is the author of two Christmas Cantatas, "The Christmas Waifs" and the "King's Message" for which she was paid, and which have been published in book form with other Christmas matter. Miss Nettie C. Noel graduated from the Portsmouth High School as valedictorian. in 1879. She was first employed as a teacher in the "A" Primary, 1 1892. She taught in this grade for seven years and was then pe ferred to the ungraded schools which she taught for two years. In ~ 1902, she was transferred to the "D" Grammar grade.

The Schools, 515

was educated in the Portsmouth schools, to the third grade in the High School. At that time she obtained a certificate to teach in Kentucky in the year 1881, and taught there one year. From 1882 to 1884, she taught in Plain City, Madison County, Ohio. In November, 1884, she was married to Charles F. Cookes. In 1890, she began teaching in the Portsmouth Schools with the "C" Primary, and has taught there ever since. She has taught the "A'', "B", "C" and "D" Primary, and for the last five years has taught the "D" Primary. She is Principal of the Offnere Street School Building. In her methods as a teacher, she is capable and thorough, and her services are highly appreciated by the Board of Education, the Superintendent and by the parents of her pupils.

has been teaching in the public schools since September, 1894. From 1894 to 1897, she taught the "C'' Primary, from that time on she has been a teacher in the "B" Primary. She resigned in 1902.

nee Miss Ella Bishop, graduated from the Portsmouth High School in 1876. She taught that fall in Willard, Kentucky. In 1877 she became a teacher in the Portsmouth schools, entering the "C'? Primary. From that time until 1894 she taught in Portsmouth. In December, 1894, she was married to Wm. N. Gable, of Hartford City, Indiana. In three years she was left a widow, with one son Paul, now aged six years. She did not re-enter the «schools until 1902, when she served as a substitute. She has recently been elected to the ungraded school for 1902 and 1903. From 1877 to 1885 she taught in all of the Primary grades and in the "D'' Grammar. She taught the ungraded school for the four years previous to her marriage. Mrs. Gable has shown herself to be one of the most efficient and able teachers in the corps, and has been so regarded by all of the Superintendents under whom she has served, and by the parents and guardians of her pupils.

is among the most efficient and successful teachers. She graduated from the Portsmouth High School in June, 1889, and began teaching in September following in the "B" Primary grade, where she taught two years. She taught in the "A" Primary two years when she was promoted to the "'D" Primary where she has since taught. Her work has always been highly commended by the Superintendents under whom she has taught.

Year. Presidents, Clerks The Press

THE PORTSMOUTH GAZETTE was the first newspaper venture in Portsmouth. It appeared August 5, 1818. It was published by Abott & Chaney, and continued until March 17, 1819.

The Portsmouth Gazette And Lawrence . Advertiser

THE PORTSMOUTH GAZETTE AND LAWRENCE . ADVERTISER was published in Portsmouth on July 30, 1824, by John and James Carnahan. On March 18, 1825, they took in Ebenezer Corwin as a partner. It was published under the name of Corwin and Carnahan. Mr. Corwin was not a printer by profession, but he was a man of considerable ability and good education. He came to Portsmouth in 1812, and located on the Little Scioto River, but afterwards he moved to Portsmouth. It appears that he was a school teacher. He commenced work to edit the paper March 18, 1825, and continued it about six months; and on the 28th of October, 1825, the paper was discontinued. Mr. Corwin died April 9, 1851, in the 63rd year of his age and is interred in the Wheelersburg Cemetery.

THE WESTERN TIMES was started April 18, 1826, by Ebenezer Corwin & Co. The "Co." was probably Julius A. Bingham. The paper was. published a year when Mr. Corwin retired, and Julius A. Bingham became sole proprietor, editor and printer.

July 27, 1826, in this issue was announced the deaths of Thomas. Jefferson and John Adams, twenty-one days after they occurred. The paper was in mourning. January 7, 1827, the paper announced that there was ice in the Ohio River and had closed. It was announced in the paper as being the first closing of the river by ice. s :

Mr. Bingham continued the publication of the Times until January 20, 1831, nearly four years. On the 4th of July, 1830, he had a difficulty with Eli Glover, who was then an apprentice in his office. He determined to start another paper and they did start The Portsmouth Courier, about the Ist of January, 1831. Mr. Glover had secured the county printing for Jackson, Lawrence and Pike Counties, and consequently he drove Mr. Bingham out of business and the Western Times suspended. The Portsmouth Courier was edited by Edward Hamilton, the first year. It was opposed to the adminis- tration of General Jackson. At the end of the first year, Mr. Hamilton retired from the editorial control of the Courier and Elijah Glover remained as sole proprietor, editor and publisher. He took in his brother, S. G. Glover and Wm. P. Camden as printer. In 1832, he sold out to these parties and retired from the business, but in 1834 he bought back his brother's interest and remained in partnership with Camden until December, 1836, when they sold out to Edward Hamilton and changed the name of the paper to 'The Scioto Tribune."'