Summit County, Ohio - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 12 of those read), 1881

rains, it has became very healthful, owing to clear- 'por ing awhy this vegetation, and proper drainage. | tion of Ohio bordering on Lake Erie. This is

States. These modifications are mainly due to the ultimately prove capable of a very liberal extension | influence of the Lake Erie waters. These not of vine culture." | aaa)

Judges Fuller and Whittlesey, Dr. Jared Kirtland and his sons, and others - all practical enthusiasts in these departments. At first, individual efforts alone, owing to the condition of the country, could be made. As the State filled with settlers, and means of communication became better, a desire for an interchange of views became apparent, resulting in the establishment of periodicals devoted to these subjects, and societies where different ones could meet and discuss these things.

A Horticultural and Pomological Society was organized in Ohio in 1866. Before the organization of State societies, however, several distinct or independent societies existed ; in fact, out of these grew the State Society, which in turn produced good by stimulating the creation of county societies. All these societies, aids to agriculture, have progressed as the State developed, and have done much in advancing fine fruit, and a taste for esthetic culture. In all parts of the West, their influence is seen in better and improved fruit ; its culture and its demand.

To-day, Ohio stands in the van of the Western States in agriculture and all its kindred associa- | tions. It only needs the active energy of her only modify the heat of summer and the cold of winter, but apparently reduce the profusion of rainfall in summer, and favor moisture in dry pe- | riods. No finer climate exists, all conditions considered, for delicate vegetable growths, than that porabundantly attested by the recent extensive development there of grape culture.

Mr. Lorin Blodget, author of "American Climatology," in the agricultural report of 1853, says; "A district bordering on the Southern and Western portions of Lake Erie is more favorable in this respect (grape cultivation) than any other on the Atlantic side of the Rocky Mountains, and it will |

Experience has proven Mr. Blodget correct in his theory. Now extensive fields of grapes are everywhere found on the Lake Erie Slope, while other small fruits find a sure footing on its soil.

"Considering the climate of Ohio by isothermal lines and rain shadings, it must be borne in mind," says Mr. Blodget,.in his description of | Ohio's climate, from which these facts are drawn, | 'that local influences often require to be considered. | At the South, from Cincinnati to Steubenville, the deep river valleys are two degrees warmer than the hilly districts of the same vicinity. The lines are drawn intermediate between the two extremes. | Thus, Cincinnati, on the plain, is 2° warmer than | is 2 at the Observatory, and +° warmer for each year | than Hillsboro, Highland County - the one being 500, the other 1,000, feet above sea-level. The immediate valley of the Ohio, from Cincinnati to | Gallipolis, is about 75° for the summer, and 54° | for the year; while the adjacent hilly districts, | 300 to 500 feet higher, are not above 73° and 52° respectively. For the summer, generally, the | river valleys are 73° to 75°; the level and central portions 72° to 73°, and the lake border 7° to | 72°. A peculiar mildness of climate belongs to the vicinity of Kelley's Island, Sandusky and Toledo. Here, both winter and summer, the climate is 2° warmer than on the hizhland ridge extending from Norwalk and Oberlin to Hudson and | the northeastern border. This ridge varies from | 500 to 750 feet above the lake, or 850 to 1,200 feet above sea level. This high belt has a summer temperature of 70°, 27° for the winter, and 49° for the year; while at Sandusky and Kelley's | Island the summer is 72°, the winter 29°, and the | year 50°. In the central and eastern parts of | the State, the winters are comparatively cold, the | average falling to 32° over the more level districts, and to 29° on the highlands. The Ohio River valley is about 35°, but the highlands near it fall to 31° and 32° for the winter."

As early as 1824, several persons in the State began taking the temperature in their respective localities, for the spring, summer, autumn and winter, averaging them for the entire year. From time to time, these were gathered and published, inducing others to take a step in the same direction. Not long since, a general table, from about forty local- | ities, was gathered and compiled, covering a period of more than a quarter of acentury. This table, when averaged, showed an average temperature of 52.4°, an evenness of temperature not equaled in many bordering States.

Very imperfect observations have been made of the amount of rainfall in the State. Until lately, only an individual here and there throughout the State took enough interest in this matter to faithfully observe and record the averages of several years in succession. In consequence of this fact, the illustration of that feature of Ohio's climate is less satisfactory than that of the temperature. "The actual rainfall of different months and years varies greatly,' says Mr. Blodget. 'There may be more in a month, and, in a single month. For a year, the variation may be from a minimum of 22 or 25 inches. to a maximum of 50 or even 60 inches in the southern part of the State, and +45 to 48 inches along the lake border. The average is a fixed quantity, and, although requiring a period of twenty or twentyfive years to fix it absolutely, it is entirely certain | and unchangeable when known. On charts, these average quantities are represented by depths of shading. At Cincinnati, the last fifteen years of observation somewhat reduce the average of 48 inches, of former years, to 46 or 47 inches."

Spring and summer generally give the most rain, there being, in general, 10 to 12 inches in the spring, 10 to 14 inches in the summer, and 8 to 10 inches in the autumn. The winter is the most variable of all the seasons, the southern part of the State having 10 inches, and the northern part 7 inches or less - an average of 8 or 9 inches.

The charts of rainfall, compiled for the State, show a fall of 30 inches on the lake, and 46 inches at the Ohio River. Between these two points, the fall is marked, beginning at the north, 32, 34, 36 and 38 inches, all near the lake. Farther down, in the latitude of Tuscarawas, Monroe and Mercer Counties, the fall is 40 inches, while thé southwestern part is 42 and 44 inches.