Summit County, Ohio - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 19 of those read), 1881 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter with an unread heading (no. 19 of those read)

HE first steps taken to inaugurate manufacturing within what are now the corporate limits of the city of Akron were by Jo- | seph Hart in 1807. This movement was com- | menced in whatisnow the Sixth Ward, Middleerection of a " grist-mill." half the land he had purchased to Aaron Norton, and the two completed the structure in partnership, finishing their work in 1809. For the canal, when once under way, brought a sad discomfiture to the village eastward. In 1831, Dr. Eliakim Crosby conceived the project of bringing the Little Cuyahoga from Middlebury | round to Akron, thus creating a fine waterpower. No sooner was the project conceived than it was undertaken ; the "Cascade millrace" was dug and the Stone Mill put in operation. Thus was started on its astonishing career of prosperity the manufacturing interests of Akron proper. Middlebury languished for awhile; its factories closed, and the " grinding ceased." However, in the course of time, mechanical establishments began to increase and its water-power was improved. In the end, the pottery business gave it a permanence, so that now the Sixth Ward is emphatically a manufacturing ward of the city. Among the prominent industries of Middlebury, nearly thirty years ago, was the carriage | manufactory of C. A. Collins, which then

Southern and Southwestern States." Irish, McMillan & Co. had an extensive machine shop, " where all kinds of machinery were manufactured." Their building was three stories high, and about three hundred feet long by forty wide. This firm averaged, in manufactured articles, about $14,000 a year. Their fire-engines

"The pottery business," says a writer of that | period, in speaking of the manufactories of | Middlebury, "is carried on extensively. There | are put together so as to present an entirely | smooth inner surface. They are glazed inside | and out, to prevent decay of the pipe and an , unpleasant taste to the water. They are des- | tined to supersede all metallic pipes.

"The potteries,' continues the writer, *fur- | nish 80,000 gallons of the manufactured arti- | cles annually, which average five cents a gallon.

' There is also a cabinet-shop in this town (Middlebury), which turns off an immense number | of articles in its line. Every operation, from | jacking an oak board to vaneering the choicest | mahogany, is done by machinery. Rawson. | Goodale & Co. have a woolen factory which | employs a large number of hands and turns off | a considerable amount of broadcloths, satinets | and flannels. These goods are taken to the New York market, the Ohio mark taker off, | and then, by the merchants, returned to Ohio and sold as European manufacture. The dle- |

From 1831, when the first mill was built in the village of Akron, to 1854 - a period of twenty-three years - ihe manufactories of the place had largely increased both in number and importance ; but the sreat want was a speedy transportation. Says the writer already quoted: card-factory, and an extensive stove-factory, besides a number of smaller works. seventeen years showed a large increase ; for, in 1874. there were in the whole city, two

_ woolen-mills, two paper-mills, seven flouringmills, four foundries, one rolling-mill, one blast-furnace, one forge, three planing-mills, two manufactories of reapers and mowers, one of pearl barley, one of oat-meal, one of knives and sickles..one of rubber goods, one of chains, one of matches, and three machine shops. There were, also, one manufactory of boilers, provement been made within the last quarter of a century than in that of labor-saving farm machinery. The problem of how to construct the most economical and effective mechanism for the consummation of a given purpose in the arena of agricultural enterprise, has for a series of years been made the patient and unremitting

While admiring a beautiful and perfect piece of machinery, the creation of some master mind, how little conception has the beholder of the many months and even years of studious pplication, of persistent experimenting, of scientific induction, that were involved in the successful development of it. |

This is known only to the inventor himself, and it is in entire accord with the doctrine of compensation that he should reap the legitimate reward for his incessant toil and pre-eminent skill. That this reward, in its fullest measure, is due to Lewis Miller, of Akron, inventor of the Buckeye Mower and Reaper, will be conceded by every one acquainted with his inventions. The tact that the machine is to-day, in its essential principles and mechanical construction, the same as when originally brought out | - in i855 - is assuredly an emphatic tribute to | Mr. Miller's genius. Of course, minor improve- |

These machines were first manufactured in Canton. Ohio, by the firm of C. Aultman & Co. In 1863, the works in Akron were started as a branch of the Canton house. There is now another branch, located in Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Taken together they rank among the largest works of the kind in the world. They are making at Akron sixty-five machines a day, and have shipped an average of three car loads a day since the middle of December, 1880. From this writing (March, 1881) until July following, the average will be about eight car loads a day. The works comprise in Akron a main building, 450x50 feet, with four floors; a warehouse, 50x200 feet, having also four floors; a molding shop, equivalent to 150x70 feet, one floor ; engine and boiler-rooms, 50x40 feet, two floors; a blacksmith-shop, 30x200 feet, one floor ; an old wood-room, 50x100 feet, having three floors ; a new building, 265x60 feet, with four floors ; a new engine-room, 20x30 feet, one floor ; a repair room, 30x50 feet, two floors ; an iron warehouse, 35x116 feet, and an office building, 40x80 feet, with three floors; the total area of the buildings being 243.900 feet, or upward of five and two-thirds acres. These

States ; but, the principal demand is from the wheat-growing districts west of the Mississippi. At the works in Akron are now manufactured the Buckeye Mower ; the Buckeye Single Reaper; the Buckeye Combined Mower and Dropper, rear delivery; the Buckeye Combined Mower and Table Rake. side delivery; the Buckeye Harvester, for hand binding: the Buckeye Twine Self-Binder. and the Buckeye Wire Self-Binder.

The firm of Aultman. Miller & Co. was organized in 1865. with a capital of 3300.000. since increased to $1.000.000. for the exclusive purpose of manufacturing these machines. The headquarters and main works of the company are located at Akron.

But the "Buckeye" is not the only mower and reaper manufactured in Akron. The - Empire,' made by J. F. Seiberling, at his works in the city. belongs to the lighter class of machines, and is now sold in every State and Territory in the Union. In its construction numerous improvements have been made since its first introduction into the market. It has been thoroughly tested in all kinds of grass and grain. and on all conditions of ground. with gratifying results. For compactness, simplicity, lightness of draft, ease of management and beauty of finish. it ranks deservedly high. The Empire Mower and Reaper Works were established in Akron by Mr. Seiberling in 1875. Their capacity is now 7,000 machines a year. The Empire works turn out a mower which is a two-wheeled, front-cut machine ; to this can be added, at any time, a reaping attachment. This consists of a separate fingerbar, with either the dropper or Empire sidedelivery table-rake, or sweep rake. Mr. Seibc.- ling also manufactures the Empire Harvester and Binder, which is a new member in his The buildings of Mr. Seiberling are those of the old Excelsior Mower and Reaper Works, located immediately east

| Ohio Railroad, on Forge and Lincoln streets. | They consist of a foundry, 110x95 feet ; a main _ building, 45x180 feet ; a warehouse, 45x90 feet, poet, as to immortalize his name. is strange indeed : but such is the fact, for - With fingers weary and worn, With evelids heavy and red. A woman sat in unwomanly rags. Plying her needle and thread : Stitch ! stitch ! stitch * In poverty, hunger and dirt, And still with a voice of dolorous pitch. She sang the 'Song of the Shirt. ~

That is to say. it was wonderfully sung br Thomas Hood. as every one knows. But mention of the two factories in Akron will not be mace in verse: nor will the way their owners do business be chronicled in harmonious nwinbers. The oftice and factory of George W Wright « Co. are located at No. 112 South Howard street. on the third floor. These geutlemen do excellent work. and are the sole manufacturers of the patent diamond neckband which is used in all their shirts. The other factory is upon the same street. at No. 167. and is owned by Sperling & Roberts. They make first-class goods of four graces.

The manufactory of Frank D. Howard. who makes plows. cultivators. field-rollers. road scrapers farm bells and other articles. is on the corner of High and Mill streets. This manufactory was first started in 1869. by A. Rice & Co.. and continued under that name until 1872. when the firm changed to Benjamin « Howard. and. in 1877, the present proprietor became soleowner. The premises occupied by the business covers a space of 120 feet on Mill street and 115 feet on High street. The building consists of a two-story brick with basement. 35x70 feet, used as a factory, sample and salesroom and office: a foundry. 40x50 feet: a blacksmith-shop, 20x30 feet; and an engine-

_ room, 15x20 feet. with sheds and warehouse for storage of material and stock. A forty-horsepower steam engine is used in driving the machinery. Mr. Howard makes superior chilled for coal cars are the chief product. The trade of this house extends throughout Central, Northern and Eastern Ohio, Western Pennsylvania, and the Eastern and Western States. © In the Scriptures. carriages or chariots are frequently alluded to. Upon the flight of the the Israelites out of Egypt, they were pursued by Pharaoh with six hundred chariots, all of which were swallowed up by the Red Sea.

France ; and at that date only three were known in Paris. then quite a large city. Since taste enters so largely into the construction of modern vehicles, and their price brings them to the doors of many. the manufacturing of them has become general. There are in Akron four carriage manufactories, where goods of that kind ©

C. A. Collins & Son have the oldest establishment for manufacturing carriages in Northern Ohio. It was commenced in 1837, by C. A. Collins. All styles of open and top buggies. faney carriages. spring wagons and sleighs are made by this firm. Their works are located on the corner of Main anid Church streets; their repository is on the old gas works" property. An addition 30x50) feet. three stories high, has recently been made to their buildings.

Another manufactory of carriages in Akron is that of John Heppert. at the corner of Market and College streets. Mr. Heppert commenced in this line in 1858. in the Sixth Ward. then Middlebury. He now occupies as office. salesroom and repository two floors of the spacious building, 50x50 feet in size, at the corner of the streets just mentioned. He turns out some of as fine carriages. road wagons, buggies. express wagons and 'other vehicles as are to be found in this section of country.

A third manufactory of carriages is that of Charles Vogt, who commenced business in that line in 1876, at the corner of Main and Middlebury streets. Mr. Vogt has good manufacturing advantages and a prosperous trade. The old wood department and paint-shop measure 35x 70 feet, and the smith-shop 30x45 feet. These are now store buildings. His new and commodious brick structure is used as an office and wareroom on the first floor.

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is occupied as a paint room and repository. This building is on the northwest corner of the streets before mentioned, while the old buildings are on the southwest corner. His new | frame building in the rear of the brick is used ° as a blacksmith-shop.

In addition to the manufactories of carriages _ before described. there is one belonging to Harpham Brothers, in the Sixth Ward, at 102 High ~ street ; but this firm is employed more especially in the making of wagons. They do a :

The large establishment of the Whitman & Barnes Manufacturing Company makes nothing - but articles appertaining to agricultural imple- - ments. This company is the outgrowth of two : others: the Whitman & Miles Manufacturing Company of Akron, and George Barnes & Co.. of Syracuse, N. Y.. and was formerly con- . ducted as a branch of a Massachusetts house. founded a number of years ago. The capital stock of the Whitman & Barnes Manufacturing | The works at Akron are very extensive. and consist of a number of buildings erected and fitted up expressly for ticular branch of industry. They maie mower | knives, reaper sickles. sections. spring keys. guard plates and other articles of this nature. The demand for their goods extends from the rugged and rocky hillsides of New England. across the fertile prairie lands of the Mississippi - Valley to the sunny slopes of the Pacific coast. They export large quantities to England, France and Germany. The annual business of the Akron branch of this corporation is fully 500,000. Two immense engines of 150-horsepower each are used at these works. The company has a smaller branch house at Canton. The tobacco trade is one of the most extensive in the United States. whether we regard the extent of the capital invested. or the num- . ber of hands to whom it gives steady employ- | ment. The use of * the weed" is very general, - notwithstanding the theories put forth by cer- , tain medical writers concerning its bad effects . upon the system, and the practice of smoking | is on the increase, while chewing is perhaps | scarcely holding its own, and snuff-taking is a thing of the past. Cigar manufactories are | multiplying all over the country. There are | no less than ten in Akron: Freudeman Broth- , ers, 165 South Howard street; M. H. Hart, 1254 same street; Holstein & Golberger. same , street (No. 155); Louis Walde, near the fair ground ; John Lotze, 707 South Main street ; Benjamin McNaughton, 916 East Market street ; J. Mengendsorf, 125 South High street; H. F. Shrank, 258 West Market street; Peter Langendort & Brother, 927 South Howard street, and John F. Weber, 164 same street.

streets. The business was founded here in 1842. by the present senior member of the firm. and, from a comparatively small beginning, has steadily increased to its present extent and magnitude. The firm now occupies as office. storeroom and finishing department, four floors of the spacious new brick structure, 38x60 feet.

with a two-story building, +0x100 feet, the first floor of which is used for the storage of bark. and the second as a dry-room for hanging hides,

' and a two-story tannery building, 80x80 feet. ' They have all the latest improved machinery _ in the various departments of their extensive

At that time, the firm purchased the tannery at the corner of Howard and North streets. which had been erected ten years before by Christy & Sawyer. The business continued under the firm name of J. H. Christy & Co. until April, 1849, when, by purchase of the company's interest, John H. Christy became sole owner. The building, occupied for storing and displaying goods, and as an office and salesroom, is a three-story brick, In rear, of this is a brick slate roof. Upon the site of the old tannery, an elegant one of brick, three stories high, 100x100 feet, is erected. The leather manufactured is harness, upper and calf. The trade of the house extends throughout all parts of the United States.

"When thoughts Of the last bitter hour come like a blight Over thy spirit, and sad images Of the stern agony, and shroud and pall, And breathless darkness, and the narrow house, Make thee to shudder and grow sick at heart ;"'

When disease has laid us upon a sick bed, and our bodies racked with pain, what greater boon than an improved spring bed-bottom for our couch on which to lie? F. F. Hale manufactures Champion spiral spring bed-bottoms at 206 Mill street. He began business in April, 1880. H. Limbert also makes goods of this description on Summit street. He manufactures, in addition, patent swings.

The Akron Steam Forge Company was originally a partnership concern, established in 1865, but, in 1879, it became an incorporated company under the above title. with a capital of 360,000. The area of ground owned by

The product of this company comprises car, | driving and locomotive axles. shafting, eleven | sizes of eye-bars for bridyes. and every descrip- | ments are employed long-experienced and well- | skilled artisans, none but the best selected | materials. and absolute perfection is aimed at | and attained in all their manufactures. Hence, : unsurpassed by the output of any other like establishment in the Union. In their line of manufacture, the character of the stock employed is an all-important consideration, and therefore they use nothing but carefully selected wrought scrap, of tough and fibrous texture. insuring the most satisfactory re-

City Of Akron

The company are doing a very prosperous business, and their product is in active demand by railway and other corporations, keeping the works constantly busy. They now give employment to some fifty hands, while their payroll foots up to $2.000 per month. The present output is at the rate of about $300,000 per year.

runs through their premises, and they have switches connecting with the A. & G. W. and C., Mt. V. & C. roads. whereby they are enabled to ship their products to all parts of the country at competing rates. The office and works are east of the Fountain Driving Park.

One of the large industries of Akron is the manufacture of oat-meal. An analysis made by the eminent chemists Liebig and Hassal. shows that while wheat and barley contain 14 per cent of the nutritious elements - the life and muscle-giving qualities - and corn but 12 per cent and a fraction. oats contain nearly 20 per cent. The phosphorescent qualities of the latter act as a gentle and healthy stimulant to the brain; and on no food can one endure so great or so prolonged mental labor as on oat-meal porridge. Toa very great number of people the value of oat-meal is little known. although the prejudice against it is fast giving place to a more just opinion, especially among the educated classes who are capable of appreciating the value of the favorable verdict of chemists and physiologists. There is more oat-meal now consumed in the United States than in Scotland. As it contains in an unusually large degree all the essentials whick go to produce health. hardiness and long life. by all means give us more porridge and less pastry. From a highly instructive paper on oat-meal. by Dr. H. A. Mott. an eminent analytical and consulting chemist. of New York, we learn that of all cereal meals, oat-meal is far superior for the following reasons: Because it contains more fattening matter than any other cereal grain; it contains a large amount of nitrogenous matter (gluten); it contains so much nutriment in small bulk; it can be eaten for long periods with beneficial results; it keeps unchanged for along time. In oat-meal the nitrogenous and carbonaceous elements exist

The oat-meal mills of Akron may properly be said to have given the city a goodly share of its wide celebrity as a manufacturing center. The man as yet best known in this connection is Ferdinand Schumacher. Before he inaugurated the production in this country of this wholesome article of diet, it was generally believed that such a commodity as good oatmeal could not be made in America, simply because it then was not. But Mr. Schumacher has met with in his efforts in this direction . shows that he was perfectly right in his judgment. When he began, all the oat-meal consumed in this country was imported from Canada and Europe; but his excellent product at length led the market, and at present the importations of this valuable hygienic food are are among the largest and best-equipped mills in the country. and cover an area of 60x90 feet. They are fully furnished, from foundation to the top floor with the latest improved machinery and manufacturing apparatus. The engine. 20x42. is of 125-horse-power, built by the Putnam Machine Company, of Fitchburg, Mass., as were also all the other engines in this establishment.

_ Mr. Schumacher, consisting of a series of knives operating in connection with vibrating perforated plates, for the purpose of cutting the meal, instead of bruising and crushing the berry as in the old process. whereby a large proportion of the starch was unavoidably converted into a comparatively worthless meal or flour. The packing and warerooms are very commodious, light and airy, and kept scrupulously clean. The oat-meal is conveyed from the mill into this department by machinery, for the purpose of being packed and shipped fresh every day. A fair proportion of the meal is put up in fourteen-pound air-tight tin packages, in

* which it may be kept perfectly sweet for years. The -German Mills American Oatmeal" brand is largely shipped to every State in the Union. and its quality and flavor are pronounced unsurpassed on every hand.

Carter & Steward also manufacture oat-meal in Akron, at 111 South Main street. The buildings occupied by this enterprising firm were erected more than a quarter of a century ago and used a3 douring-mills until 1873. when they passed into the hands of the present proprietors, and extensive alterations and improvements were made. and since that time they of oat-meal. The main building is 33x95 feet in size, and the engine house and kiln, or department for drying oats, is 15x95 feet. The mill is supplied with complete machinery, especially

I | corner of Canal and Cherry streets. Turner & | Co. started in 1877, and were succeeded by | Hower & Co. in December, 1880. © Their mills are now known as the Akron Oat-Meal Mills. | Their capacity is sixty-five barrels a day. The | trade of the firm extends from Michigan to | Maine.

The latest addition to these mills is the manufacture of rolled avena (rolled oats), which is oat-meal as originally made, and claimed to be superior in flavor and much more easily cooked than the granulated meal.

There are in Akron four extensive planingmills. The Weary, Snyder, Wileox Manutacturing Company have their buildings on Main street. This company was founded in 1364. }y Weary, Snyder & Co. It became a joint-stock company in 1877, with an authorized capital of 3$150.000, This company handles about 3.000.000 feet of lumber annually. Their yards and mills occupy about four acres of ground opposite the Empire House. The factory building is three stories in height. and S0x12\) feet in size. This is equipped with a variety of machinery especially adapted for this particu- of saws twenty-eight in number. planing machines, ten single saws. numerous scroll saws. a dove-tailing machine of their own invention, used especially in the manufacture of boxes for the establishment of F. Schumacher for the packing of oatmeal, pearl barley and cracked wheat: door, sash and blind machinery. ete., operated by a forty-horse power engine. In this establishment is manufactured doors, win-

| throughout the entire South. | capacity of the works and the extent of the | business transacted by this house may be gath- | ered from the fact that their annual sales in | this one item alone exceeds $100,000.

| Besides the two mills already spoken of, there | are those in Akron of Hower & Co., successors | to Turner & Co., which make oat-meal, on the

In 1852, J. H. Dix & Co. started a planingmill at the .Ktna Mills - the first in Akron. They moved in 1855 to south Howard street near the gas works, where the business is still carried on - but by other parties. They continued the work for three years, when they sold The last-mentioned firm conducted the business about three years, when their interest was disposed of to W. L. Evert & Co., who continued the work for a | time when the property was sold to W. B. | Doyle & Co., the present owners. This firm manufacture doors, sash and blinds and other | articles appertaining to house-building. They also have a lumber-yard connected with their mill. They carry on an extensive business.

push and integrity in all his dealings, he has succeeded in establishing a prosperous and con- | _ stantly amplifying trade. His fine planing-mill © measures 60x122 feet, part of which is of two - sash. doors, blinds and moldings. is chiefly that of the city and county. The planing-mill of D. W. Thomas, at 244 West Market street. is an extensive one. It was first started as a furniture factory by George Thomas, father of the present owner. After going through several hands and being changed to a planing-mill, the ownership finally passed to Mr. Thomas, who now conducts a large lumber business in connection with his mill.

civilized, have considered respect for the dead a virtue. and burial-places as sacred. Abraham bought the cave of Machpelah as a burialplace. Egyptians hewed sepulchers out of solid rock, and built vast pyramids to serve as repositories for their dead, whose bodies were so embalmed that after 3.000 years they are found in a good state of preservation. The Romans ioney-combed the hills of Southern Italy with catacombs. in the niches of which they placed their dead. The cemeteries of mnodern civilization are fast getting to be picturesque cities of the dead. Monuments of all kinds mark the resting-places of those who slumber in the ' bosom of the earth. Akron is not behind her sister cities in the manufacture of these standing memorials. The proprietor of the Akron ' Marble Works, M. H. Crumrine, manufactures _ and deals in American and Italian marble and in American and Scotch granite mantles and grates. He first started the business in Massil- | lon, in 1857, and in 1863 changed its location : to Akron, when he purchased a lot at 219 and : 221 East Market street, 100x40 feet, and erected at 15 North High street, one door from the corner of Market street, he erected a brick building 53x16, which he has since occupied as sample and salesroom and office, with a work-shop immediately in the rear 35x20.

Besides the marble works just mentioned are those of Emil Feige, who manufactures monuments and tombstones of Italian and American marble, sandstone and other varieties, at 235 Main street. This house was founded in 1858, by Jennings & Henry. In 1877, the present proprietor, E. Feige, purchased the establishment and became sole proprietor. The build- : ing at present occupied by the business isa : frame 2Ux45 - the front portion used for display of manufactured good and the rear for manu- : facturing.

Not only oat-meal, but pearl barley is extensively manufactured in Akron. The Empire | Barley Mills of Ferdinand Schumacher are located near the depot of the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad. These mills have | six floors, each measuring 85x00 feet. The engine room contains a double engine with com- | bined power of 250 horse. <A 40-inch belt on an 18-foot pulley conveys the power to the pearling machines, which, thirteen in number, are attached to a long line shaft, and have a united capacity of 250 half barrels of pearl barley per day. of 110 pounds each.

On the first floor are the barley machines, consisting of an iron shell turning in the opposite direction. from rapidly-revolving sandstones, four feet in diameter by fourteen inches ° across. This mill, the German Mill, the model Akron (A) elevator, and the commodious packing-houses, which are all adjoined, have a total | frontage of 293 feet.

Gorner & Planz are the proprietors of the Akron File Works, located between Carroll and © East Middlebury streets. This firm is the only one in Summit County engaged to any extent in this branch of manufacture.

The enterprise was first started by Methias | Harter, in 1868. The senior partner of the present firm became a partner in 1870, and the business was conducted until 1873 under the | firm name of Harter & Gorner, when Mr. Gor- | ner purchased the interest of Harter, and for a | year and a half continued the business alone. | In 1875, H. Pohle purchased the works from | Gorner, and continued the business with Planz | purchased the interest of Pohle ; and since. the firm name has been Gorner & Planz. The buildings occupied for the conduct of the busi- | hess are two in number - one, 16x32, the other 16x22. The location of the works is just east of the Buckeye Shops. and in the rear of the Akron Knife Works. In the works is a tenhorse-power engine. which is used principally in the grinding of files. five cutting-blocks, and all tools and machinery used in cutting files. ' The trade of the house extends throughout : Northern, Central and Eastern Ohio, a large amount of the product being sold to the large manufacturing establishments of Akron. Baker. Merriam & Co. manufacture wood and clay smoking pipes. enameled teapot knobs, pail woods and cigar boxes. also all styles of ' Hamburg and Shaker pipes. at the corner of Bowery and Ash streets. J. W. Baker began business at this point in 1870). in the manufacture of cigar boxes alone. and was joined in the ' fall following by J. C. McMillen. who purchased an interest in the concern. They made cigar - boxes about four years. after which they added wood smoking pipes and tinners teapot knobs. They now carry on a large and flourishing business in the articles above mentioned. Among the multifarious industries of the city of Akron. there is no single one which has contributed in a greater degree to give the city a

_ wide-spread reputation than that of the production of sewer pipe. From the rock-bound coasts of New England to the prairie cities of the far West the fame of the Akron sewer pipe is familiar as household words. and has repeatedly received the highest encomiums from Mayors and boards of public works. engineers, contractors and chemists. It is manufactured from a combination of the celebrated " Summit County Clays," which by careful analysis have been found to be superior to any yet discovered for this particular purpose. By skilled labor

The subject of thorough and perfect sewerage is beginning to receive the general public attention and recognition which its importance demands. That the health of communities is seriously affected and impaired by faulty or inadequate drainage is a proposition susceptible of ample demonstration. The disease-breeding miasmas contaminating the atmosphere of thousands of neighborhoods and homes. poisoning the human system with noxious effluvia - and deadly exhalations, are the sure and direct result of heedlessness with regard to sanitary teachings in this direction. Go into a neighborhood where typhoid and typhus fevers prevail. and you will certainly find a cause for this infectious malady in the noisome gases emanating from the undrained soil or from imperfect sewerage. and. not infrequently. in consequence of drinking well water impregnated with fetid percolations from contiguous privy vaults and vess- pools.

It is. moreover. unquestionable that many other forms of disease are contracted by similar means. emphasizing the vital importance of counteracting and removing this pestilent cause of disease and death.

The fact of the need of a universal system of sewerage being well established, it now remains for us to consider and determine as to the best and most approved material for this purpose, inasmuch as upon this point of perfect sewerage depends the health and well-being of the public.

The strange anomaly is too often ohserved of a house-builder. in order to save a few dollars. contracting for the introduction into his premises of a poor and cheap sewer connection, thus inviting febrile (disease into his house-

"blockers," which expel the air. solidify the substance. and form it into blocks, which are brought by elevators up to the powerful screw and steam presses, the cylinder whereof contains an inside die suspended from the top of |

| far from a thousand degrees - a " warmth " that would have made old Dr. LeMoyne, of crematory fame. dance with delight. The torridness of this temperature may be imagined when it is stated that thereby iron can be reduced to a cinder.

After the clay has approached the melting or fluxing state. coarse alkaline salt is thrown upon ' the fires. producing a dense vapor which per- ' meates every part of the kilns. circulating _ through and around the sections of pipe, com- _ pletely enveloping theirinner and outer surfaces. | This vapor chemically unites with the pipe communicating to it a smooth and glossy finish. whereby the substance becomes vitreous or that finds its way into the sewer. For over twenty years the " Akron" has been the standard in Chicago, where the flat, low-lying surface requires the most perfect sewers, because of the very slight fall possible in their construction. The experience of other cities and towns which have adopted this pipe uniformly corresponds with that of Chicago, and wherever practically tested it has maintained its justly exalted repu-

| tation. castings. and an outside die which forms the ex- | The clay is forced down | between these dies. producing pipe ranging in | diameter from one to twenty-four inches. and |

Another significant fact is that these pipes | have been and are employed in chemical works and retorts, holding the strongest acids, and nothing has ever been used which will produce the slightest effect upon them ; they cannot be pipe. The business is conducted under the nume and style of the Akron Sewer Pipe Company, was founded in this city in 1848, by Merrill, Powers & Co. It subsequently was transferred to Hill & Adams, who were succeeded in

, structed and became as at present. with a paid- - _up capital of $175,000, and an authorized cap- | ' ital of 3300.000. | incorporated under the laws of the State of | | Ohio. with works and general headquarters at .

and one four-story structure, 50x150 feet, with numerous smaller buildings, sheds, etc. They have ten down-draft kilns. each with a capac- , ity of twenty-five tons. These kilns are con-

: structed so as to secure a uniform heat. vitrify- | contents of the kilns are allowed to gradually | | cool off, and usually at the expiration of a week |

| The products of the company are sold in almost | every State in the Union. The Akron Sewer Pipe has for many years , | been in satisfactory use in every section of the |

| glassy smoothness enables a very small flow of | vitrified salt-glazed sewer pipe. This company | | water to carry along with it all the solid matter | was incorporated in 1872, with an authorized | capital of $100,000. The buildings occupied were erected in 1867, for the manufacture of woolen machinery, and were occupied for this purpose until in 1872, when the business was changed to that of the present. They consist of two main shops of brick, 170x45 and 80x40 respectively, office, sheds, etc. The shops are equipped with all modern appliances for the ' manufacture of sewer pipe: six kilns of two car-loads dimensions each.

The Hill Sewer Pipe Company also manufact- ; ure sewer pipe in Akron. Their place of bus- ' iness is at 1175 East Market street. This company was founded under its present title in _ 1873. as a stock company, with a capital of 80.000. D. E. Hill. one of the stockholders, ' and the gentleman from whom the company takes its name. originated the sewer pipe business in the United States, and to him is largely due the honor of bringing about a much needed reform in the sewerage system of most of the cities of the Union, by the introduction of this pipe. which is now acknowledged to be a safe and reliable article for sewers. The works occupied by the Hill Sewer Pipe Company occupy - a large tract of ground, and contain one four- ' story structure. 50x100 feet in size, equipped with all the necessary machinery for the manu- _ facture of these improved pipes, and four kilns. 15x30 feet in dimension.

That the taste for personal decoration is a | universal expression of human existence. and that the art of making jewelry was one of the first at which mankind arrived, is evident from | the immense stores taken from the tombs of ruined cities of the Egytians and other nations. In the manutacture of jewelry but little is done

J. Neiberg, at 179 South Howard street. Matches in their present form were first made public about 1830, by Faraday, and came rapidly into public use. The tip of the match is a combination of sulphur and phosphorus. The phosphorus ignites at the heat of 120 degrees, which a slight friction will produce, and this in turn ignites the sulphur, which requires 450 or 500 degrees. The flame | of the sulphur sets fire to the pine of which the match is composed, and which ignites at about 600 degrees. The combination is necessary because the phosphorus alone would not kindle the match, while the sulphur alone would not ignite with ordinary friction. The to contemplate. According to the late report of the Revenue Department, the tax on matches for the last year yielded revenue to the amount of $3,561.306. At 1 cent a box, this would represent, in round numbers, 356,- 000,000 boxes. Calling our population 50,- - man, woman and child in the country. The , taxes paid on matches by each individual in the land would thus be 7 cents. The revenue tax on matches is 1 cent for each 100 ina box.

are consumed, there must be considerable fucilities for manufacturing them. This we have in the ingenious machinery used in making them. as most all of the processes in manufacturing them are conducted by mechanical appliances. The wood used is the best - clear white pine - which is tirst sawed into blocks of equal size. and of two matches in length. These blocks are then made into splints of a proper size. by being forced through tubes with numerous perforations. made as near together as possible. leaving just enough strength for cutting purposes. These perforations may be either round, square or diamond shaped, the latter forming the name of the new combination. The square forms are called ~ telegraph" matches. These and the diamond are preferable to the round, as they do not break so easily. After the splints are cut into proper sizes, they are fed through a hopper and received by a double chain, which carries them © to the sulphur vat, then to the phosphorus vat, when they are taken off and removed to the packing room. The phosphorus composition into which the matches are dipped is composed of phosphorus, niter, glue. red ochre and smalt | in proper proportions. In satety matches, the © phosphorus is in sand paper on the box, and | other materials on the end of the match, so | that neither can be ignited without the use of the other. Matches are also made without dipping into sulphur, paraffine oil being used | as a substitute. The parlor match is made without the use of sulphur, and phosphorus is replaced by the chlorate of potash and antimony. The wood is prepared with stearine or ent parts of the United States, went into operation. One of the largest of these . branches is what was previously the Barber | Match Company, of Akron. The Akron works | were established in 1847, by George Barber. The first factory was a small barn; but, from the very beginning of the business, owing to the superior quality of the goods produced, the demand steadily increased. The average

400 each. or 21,660,000 matches every day, with a possible capacity for turning out 6,804,- 00.000 matches per annum. The United States revenue laws require a l-cent stamp to be placed on every 100 matches, and to do so requires an expenditure by the Akron works of | over 31,900 a day. They use annually from

17,000 pounds of phosphorus, 33,600 pounds chlorate of potash, 30,000 pounds of glue, dV.000 pounds of parattine wax for parlor and drawing-room matches or tapers, and a large quantity of other material. They manufacture their own packages. and use about 250 tons of straw board for boxes, and 20 tons of other paper. and fur shipping boxes over 1.000.000 feet of cottonwood lumber. Two printingpresses are kept constantly employed printing labels. and 15 box-making machines, each capa- match-making machinery now in use, propelled by two engines of 250 and 150 horse power respectively. The works are located on Falor This branch makes about one-fifth of the entire product used in the United States. The Diamond Match Company also run a factory near their match works, where animal pokes, curry-combs and smoking pipes are made. This factory was formerly run by the Hopkins & Robinson Manufacturing Company.

The Akron Machine Works of Taplin, Rice & Co. are located on Broadway and Church street. These works were established in 1861, by Taplin, Rice & Ford. In 1867, under the manutacturing laws of the State of Ohio, it became an incorporated company, with a paidup capital stock of $100,000, under the name and style of Taplin, Rice & Co. They have now a surplus of 340,000. The works cover a large area and consist of several commodious buildings, all connected, being 550 feet in aggregate length and of an average width of about fifty feet. In addition to these is a separate structure, 40x100 feet, used as a pattern-shop. The works are divided into three separate departments, as follows: Foundry, machine shop and stove department. The buildings are all supplied with the latest improved machinery, tools and appliances requisite for carrying on the business in all its various features and departments. The company manufactures stoves in every variety, and turn out brass and iron castings of all kinds. They make a leading specialty of steam engines, mill gearing, shafting and pulleys, potters' and sewer-pipe machinery, and Mason's Patent Friction Clutch and Pulleys. They attend to the repairing of machinery and gearing of every description. The company have recently purchased, directly opposite their works on Church street the extensive buildings formerly occupied by J. F. Seiberling in the manufacture of his Empire mower and reaper. The patronage of Taplin, Rice & Co. is largely West, extending to the States of Illinois, lowa, Missouri and Kansas. and east to the western portions of Pennsylvania.

American inventive genius is to be credited with some of the most wonderful achievements of the age. and in the production of valuable articles the eminence of our country is univer- | sally conceded. It is no less remarkable how quickly and thoroughly this talent finds appli- | cations in the perfection of new ideas and the improvement of old ideas, so that no sooner has a discovery been announced, or a new invention made, than active minds are at once developing its capabilities and extending its uses in all directions. Kconomy in time, labor and material is the greatest desideratum, never lost sight of by the practical men in our midst, | and the wastefulness and inefficiency of primative methods are never allowed to shelter themselves long behind the plea that nothing better has been thought of.

Sisler & Hoy, who conducted the business successfully until September, 1878. when they were succeeded by the present proprietors. These gentlemen occupy two floors in the threestory brick structure, No. 193 South Howard street, as office. salesroom and laboratory. Their laboratory is supplied with the latest improved devices and appurtenances of chemical science for the manufacture of solid and fluid extracts, elixirs, pepsin. gelatine coated pills, and a great variety of chemical and pharmaceutical preparations. They manufacture 120 different varieties of gelatine-coated pills. This house does a wholesale and retail business, dealing directly with druggists and physicians.

An industry of considerable dimensions in Akron is that of the manufacture of chains. by the Miller Chain Company. This company succeeded to the business of 8. Matherson. at Cuyahoga Falls. in 1879. In order to increase their increasing trade. in September of that year. they established themselves at Akron. where they have spacious and well-arranged works, with materially improved appliances and conveniences for manufacturing their va- brick. 40x60 feet. besides a large packing-roomoffice building, etc. The firm make cable. crane. agricultural, machine and harness chains of every description. They also make car-brake and other chains to any designated length. and chains for special purposes, from sample or drawing.

All their chain are made from carefully selected stock, in the most faithful and workmanlike manner, and are thoroughly inspected before leaving the works. Hence, they can safely guarantee their productions to be of superior quality and finish.

Possessing every modern facility, ample capacity, and unsurpassed advantages for the economic prosecution of this department of industry, they are enabled to offer the most favorable terms to manufacturers using large quantities of chain. and to the trade generally.

vested in the business is $400.000. They manufacture every variety of bar and pig iron, hotpolished shafting. best, common. refined and charcoal iron. American-Scotch pig iron of all grades and make. A leading specialty is the production of superior qualities of iron for agricultural implements. This is one of the largest establishments of the kind in the United States devoted expressly to the manufacture of iron for agricultural implements: and for extent. capacity and general completeness of appointments, will compare favorably with any. The buildings occupied by this company are capacious and extensive. and are equipped in all their departments with the most perfect ma chinery and devices for carrying on their extensive business. Power is supplied at the Akron works by engines of 500-horse-power. and 175 men are regularly employed. many of whom are skilled and experienced mechanics. The company also owns and operates a blast furnace at Buchtel. Ohio. where engines of 700)- horse-power are in operation. They also operate coal and iron ore mines in the Hocking Valley regions, furnishing employment at the mines and furnaces to 175 acditional hands. The total monthly pay-roll of these extensive works ranges from 310.000 to 15.000. and the amount of business transacted by the company reaches nearly three-quarters of a million dollars per annum. Their trade is principally derived from the large manufacturing establishments within a radius of one hundred miles around Akron.

The manufacture of tlour is extensively carried on in Akron. This is made possible by the fine water-power of the city, and the cheapness of coal to drive engines. Mills are located at the foot of North Howard street. They are owned and operated by Ferdinand Schumacher. They are run exclusively by water-power. and manufacture the highest grades of flour and farina, by the most approved patent process. The buildings are " L" shaped. and have six floors. The mill measures 50x80 feet. with warehouses attached. 40x80 feet. and barrel-house, 40x40 feet. .

City. Of Akron

wheel weighs 37 tons. and yet, being well bal- | of capital invested in the business is large and anced, it revolves on its shaft as steadily and | ample. The products of the Stone Mills are smoothly as if it were made of the lightest wood. | known by the following brands: The " Akron high, to the iron-gate, which gauges and delivers it to the buckets at the apex of the wheel. , From spur-wheels, connected with a 12-foot |; feet long, power is communicated to the lineshaft over a 10-foot pulley, whence the 12 run of bubrs are operated by quarter-twist belts. The mills are equipped with thirteen middlings purifiers. one pair each porcelain and iron-rolls, two cockle-machines, an ending-stone and brushmachine for cleaning wheat, and other appliances, all of the latest improved mechanism. The Ohio Canal runs through the premises, affording convenient facilities for receiving and shipping product. The waste water. as well as

Allen and J. D. Commins, who conducted their business under the firm name of J. & J. Allen & Company. The original building was erected by S. Perkins, J. D. Commins, Jacob Allen and Jesse Allen, who together constituted the Perkins Company. The Allen Mills are located on Canal street, between Mill and Cherry streets, and are owned by F. H. Allen, V. J. Allen and W. A. Palmer. The building, which is of brick, is 35x110 feet. The machinery of the mills is all first-class. The flour manufactured is the fancy patent, and the fine grades of family and baker's flour. The capacity of these mills is 225 barrels in twenty-four hours.

1867, when they were in turn succeeded by the This is not only the largest mill in the city, but the oldest. The main mill structure is of stone,

60x120 feet. The machinery is all of the most complete character, and comprises eleven run of buhrs, from 4 feet to 4 feet 8 inches in diame- who continued proprietors until 1862, when the mills were purchased by the Chamber Company. They were owned by this company until 1877, when they became the property of the Second National Bank of Akron. they were leased to McNeil & Baldwin, who conduct the business at the present time. The capacity of the mills is 200 barrels of flour in twenty-four hours.

The South Akron Mills are now owned by the Brewster Coal Company. These mills are located on South Main street. They were erected by George Steese, who sold them to L.

ter, six of which are propelled by water, and S. Herrold, the latter disposing of them to the five by steam-power. One engine and boiler, | present owners in 1875. Only custom work is

Coopering, as might be expected, is carried on to a considerable extent in Akron. The Union Stave Company. C. B. Maurer, General Superintendent, carry on a large business at 402 South High street. This company is now erecting four new frame buildings. One of these will be 28x40 feet in dimensions, 1+ feet high ; two other buildings will be 30x54 feet each and 18 feet high. These three buildings will front on High street. The fourth structure will be in the rear of the other buildings and will be 30x108 feet in dimensions. 18 feet high.

The material used in the manufacture of barrels, at this place. is prepared from the forest at Union City. Penn.. by a force of about fifty men under Mr. Maurers management. The annual shipments to this city of staves. hoops and headings by Mr. Maurer is fully 200 car loads. This immense amount of stock is here made into about 160.000 barrels per year. by a force of fifty men. The trade is growing very rapidly. and the present year's business will reach at least 175,000 barrels. Another item of interest in this connection is that. while the prepared material is shipped to this place. the finished barrels are shipped from here filled with flour from the mills of F. Schumacher. and Commins & Allen's (Stone) Mills.

There are other establishments in Akron where barrels are made in large numbers: By T. J. Walker. corner of Middlebury and South Main streets ; by Lapp & Riner. near the Etna Mills ; by George Roth. 353 South Main street : and by Edward Zschech. 362 same street.

The question of ability to manufacture an artificial stone that would, in point of durability and general efficiency. come up to all requirements has. for many years. received the attention not only of the curious and inquiring, but also the practical and scientific. and much time and labor has been devoted to the discovery of a successful process of manufacture. Success has crowned the effort, and now an artificial stone in every way equal to the best natural stone is produced at much less expense. while the fact of its being much lighter and more easily molded into any desired shape. renders it more desirable. For building pur- poses it is superior to brick. as it is impervious to water. and is not affected by heat or frost. and will "stand fire" much better than either brick or natural stone. This stone is of a hy- water. and will resist the action of steam. acics. and other disintegrating intluences. as well as our best building stone. was patented by James Harry Thorp. of New York. September 11, 1877. being the second patent issued to himself. The process of manufacturing being simple and requiring but few tools. Wood patterns are made of whatever shape the stone is wanted. sand and cement are then mixed together in proportions three to one. when thoroughly incorporated. the chemical is added in quantity sufficient to dampen the mixture. which is then tamped into patterns. the patterns are then taken away in pieces. the stone is allowed to stand a few days to harden and dry. and is then ready for use. In our larger cities this stone is fast superseding the extensively used for walks. trimming brick The sand found in this vicinity is particularly well adapted to making this stone. and thus the article can be furnished here very cheap. The expense of the material does no: average one half that of natural stone. Thi-

. the patent before mentioned. the firm controling the right in the counties of Summit. Trumbull. Portage and Stark. They make ornamental lawn vases. window caps. sills and Keys.

styles. cisterns and cellars. chimney tops. fountain basins. door steps. horse blocks. and lot fencing and solid stone of all kinds for building purposes. of any size or dimensions.

The Webster. Camp & Lane Machine Company have their works on North Main strect. They were established in 1851. under the name and style of the Glove Foundry. In 1869. a stock company, known as the Webster. Camp. & Lane Machine Company. was organized with a capital stock of $100,000. The works were remodeled and enlarged. and the scope of business considerably increased. The machineshop, which is two stories in height. covers an of one story, 20x40. These buildings are all thoroughly equipped and supplied with the most approved styles of machinery for carrying on the extensive business of the company, in its varied departments and ramifications. One forty-five. horse-power engine furnishes the motive power required. The company manufacture every description of gearing and pulleys, mining and milling machinery (these two latter being leading articles of manufacture by tings. and other articles pertaining to this line. They make a specialty of furnishing engines constructed and fitted up with special reference to simplicity of mechanism. durability and freedom from derangement. regularity of speed, periority of his boilers. He also makes a specialty of steam heating "magazine" boilers for public and private buildings. The new buildings measure 66x100 feet, and the shipping facilities are as good as those of any manufacturing establishment in the city, being located immediately on the New York, Penn-

There are two creditable upholstering establishments in Akron, where are manufactured everything in the line of upholstered stock. esspecially lounges and mattresses. The first is the house of Klinger & Dodge, originally Klinger & Gintz. Their place of business is at 126 Howard street. The other manufactory is

The manufacture of boilers of every description. and heavy sheet and boiler iron work. is extensively carried on by J.C. McNeil. at the Akron Boiler Works. on South Broadway. directly opposite the Buckeye Works. This business was established in January. 1866. by the present proprietor. an area of 4Ux75 feet. and is supplied with the latest improved machinery and devices for carrying on this extensive business. The sheds adjoining the main works cover an equal space. and are used for storage, and for the heavier work. One ten-horse-power engine and boiler furnishes the motive power required. and twenty skilled and experienceé workmen are.

Mr. McNeil manufactures every description of ordinary boilers. making a specialty of heavy sheet and boiler iron work. His repairing department is in charge of competent and expe- feature of his steadily increasing business. Akron Boiler Works are thoroughly equipped in every particular. and will compare favorably with any similar establishment in the West.

Edam & Johnson, manufacturers of commercial fertilizers and best quality of Kelly Island White Lime. have their works at the corner of Cedar and William streets. George Edam began the business in 1877, and Charles N. Johnson purchased an interest in January. 1880. Their establishment is a large one; they burn about forty tons of lime in twenty-four hours, and grind twenty tons of fertilizers in the same length of time. Their new buildings are 40x60 feet: the old ones nearly the same dimensions. Their engine room is 25 feet square. They furnish ground limestone, land-plaster, pure bonedust, white lime, plastering hair, calcined plaster and cement. ,

The Akron Straw Board Company are located in the Sixth Ward, Middlebury. Their works were established in 1873, by the present proprietors, J. F. Seiberling and M. Seiberling.

mills are in every respect thoroughly equipped, and for general appointments and capacity will compare favorably with any similar establishment in the United States. The products of dred and fifty. are used for a variety of purposes, and meet with a ready sale in the Philadelphia, New York and Boston markets. where this trade is principally located. The capacity of the mills is at present from eight to ten tons of finished board per day, the demand for which is fully equal to the supply.

The firm of May & Fieberger are successors to Cramer & May in the manufacture of galvanized iron cornice. window caps and other work. They ure located at 114 North Howard

Caoutchouc, or, as it is commonly called. India rubber, has within the last twenty-five or thirty years become a very important article of com- It is procured from the creamy exudations of several plants, and is found in abundance in a number of tropical countries, the principal sources of supply being oxygen, the constituents, according to Dr. Ures' analysis. being 9) per cent carbou and 10 per cent hydrogen. It is quite insoluble in alcohol, but in ether. derived from alcohol by washing with water. it readily dissolves and affords a colorless solution. When the ether is evaporated. the rubber becomes again solid. When treated from which flows a white sap, of about the consistency of cream, which is conveyed through an earthen spout to a trough placed beneath. The curing process is performed by means of a fire made from the nuts of the Urucury palm, the smoke of which has the peculiar property of solidifying and curing the rubber in a very thorough manner. The workman dips a wooden paddle in the creamy fluid, turing it quickly in order to separate the sap as much as possible, then passes it repeatedly through the smoke, until the substance assumes a grayish yellow color and becomes solidified. After the pieces, make them up into blocks. and then cut the blocks into slices, required years of time, the greatest patience and ingenious machinery to etfect. Mackintosh, Hancock and Goodyear alike record the simple manipulations they first of sulphur with rubber, to give new properties - | so valuable that it may be said the prior well- | ' known quality of elasticity is now rendered so

India rubber, until the time of Goodyear's invention, had been greatly restricted in use owing to the fact of its being entirely unfitted for many purposes; but now, with extraordinary impetus, the ingenuity of manufacturers was employed in producing an immense variety of articles, which were constantly demanded by the ever augmenting utility of vulcanized rubber in the arts and in mechanical construction. This invention, judged by its great usefulness to society, deserves to rank

There is but one factory in Akron of rubber | goods, but this one produces all articles made | - ing tile. This is the Akron Rubber Works. located at : . 111 Factory street.

These works were established in 1869. The resources and trade of this concern have more than kept pace with the general prosperity of Akron. employed is $75,000, and the annual trade reaches $300,000. The buildings occupied by these works consist of a main building, 120x60 teet (three stories), an additional back building | / an agency in New York City, Boston and Philof 80 feet in length, and a stock-room of 50 feet in length, all built of brick. The parties composing the firm are B. F. Goodrich, H. F. The trade of these works extends over various States be- which may be found belting from 2-inch to 24 | inch in width, 2 3 and 4 ply, steam packing . for making steam-tight joints, standard hose | ' of all kinds and for all purposes, which are | - unsurpassed, many of the processes used being | of their own invention and the result of many | Hose for fire department | - service. springs, grain drill tubes, wringer rolls, | billiard-table cushions, and, in fact, all articles made of rubber. adapted to mechanical purposes. The Akron Paper Company, the proprietors of which are Thomas Phillips & Co., havea fine brick mill, 100 feet square, with two floors, eontaining a full equipment of improved machinery, which is propelled by two steamengines of respectively 80 and 18 horse power. They make a specialty of manilla flour-sack paper, turning out, on the average, 2 tons every 24 hours, and consuming 34 tons of old rope per diem. The number of hands employed is 70; annual product, between 600 and 700 tons of paper, worth in the neighborhood of $160,000.

Merrill & Ewart manufacture, on Brook street, Merrill's patent vitrified diamond roof- This firm commenced the manufacture of this tile in Akron in 1875. The machinery, which consists in the main of a clay mill, clay packer and tile presser. trade extends through Ohio, Pennsylvania and the Eastern States generally. The house has adelphia. The sizes of tile made by this concern are 14x84 inches and 6x10 inches, and require 250 and 500 respectively to the square. This firm also manufacture a superior quality of drain tile.

Market & Mill, and was removed to the present location, 218 West Market street, in 1876. P. DeLand was admitted to partnership May 1, 1879, when the firm assumed the above title.

manner, from the best selected materials. He makes a specialty of ornate picture and mirror frames and room cornices, from unique and original designs, with the most elaborate and artistic finish. He produces special designs to order, which are never duplicated except by permission. This superb art work is executed in precious natural woods. some of them very rare, including Hungarian ash, English oak, burr oak, chestnut, white holly, ebony, African amboine. bird's-eye maple. silver-gray maple, thuya and tulip woods. Making a constant study of this special line of manufacture, and exercising cultured taste and skill in its perfect development, these gentlemen have met with in their sedulous efforts to please their numerous patrons. He likewise pays special attention to wood decorations for dwellings, such as window and door casings. etc., in natural woods susceptible of rich carying and high finish.

The Akron Varnish Works. of which Kubler & Beck are the proprietors. were established in Akron by E. G. Kubler, who, after many years of practical scientific experience in some of the largest manufactories of varnishes and japans in the East, concluded to "go West." He found Akron to be an advantageous point for manufacturing and shipping, and the decision to lovate here proved to be a wise one. Mr. Kubler is a thoroughly skilled chemist,

| possessing intimate knowledge of all its details, and enjoys the prestige of careful busihess training, ripe experience and uprightness in all his dealings. With this ample fortification, he has constituted it his strong point to manufacture none but the purest and _ best goods. After patient experimenting, he has brought the production of black baking japan to such perfection that even his competitors acknowledge the fact that it is unsurpassed in quality and durability. Owing to the constant growth of the business thus established on a firm foundation, it was found necessary to enlarge the facilities for mea~nfacturing, and a copartnership was formed under the style of the Akron Varnish Works, Kubler & Beck, proprietors. Mr. Beck is also a gentleman of fine business ability, and has acquired a practical knowledge of producing processes in this line. Their goods are sold all over the United States to the largest manufacturers of every description who have occasion

Lager beer. in its use among Americans, is fast superseding whisky. The perfection to which its manufacture is brought in Akron is due in a great measure to F. Horix. who carries on a brewery on North Forge street. Mr. Horix came to Akron in 1868, and. soon after his arrival here. entered upon the brewery business. and has continued in it to the present time. His first start was in a small building which he erected on Exchange street. The buildings which he now occupies consist of the brewery proper. a three-story structure of stone and brick. 68x92 feet. a warehouse of brick, 14x 14 feet. and an ice-house 30x80) feet. The cellar used for cooling purposes is beneath the brewery. inclosed by stone, and is 68x90 feet. The arrangement of these buildings is most per- These buildings were erected in 1873 by F. Overholtz. The premises. with all improvements. were purchased by Mr. Horix March 1. 1879. and immediately taken possession of by him. The capacity of this establishment is 20.00 barrels per annum. Excellent lager beer is also manutactured by the Wolf Ledge Ale and Layer Beer Brewery, at 154 Sherman street. by William Burkhardt. proprietor.

At 210 Cherry street. west of the Brick Mill. are manufactured the * Celebrated Cahow Pumps. by H. J. Cahow. He makes deepwell pumps a speciality. His work includes a great variety of force, suction and chain pumps. He also manufactures water pipe. Mr. Cahow does an extensive business in his line.

The city of Akron is not only famous far and wide for the superiority of the sewer pipe and stoneware made within her limits. but likewise for the excellence of the fire brick here produced.

For a series of years J. Park Alexander. proprietor of the Diamond Fire Brick Works. made a careful. erudite study of the subject of making first-class fire brick, expending many thousands of dollars in his laudable endeavors to bring about the consummation he so desired to achieve, and being ultimately rewarded with signal success.

brick. It was soon demonstrated. however, that only a low-grade brick, suitable for ordinary heating apparatus, could be made from it. In no wise disheartened at the comparative failure, he subsequently made a thorough test of the best clays from New Jersey, Pennsylvania and elsewhere, laying under contribution. as it were. the divers aluminous deposits of the whole country, but still without the successful Though baffled, he continued to persevere in his research after the cov-

In 1870, or thereabouts. Mr. Alexander inaugurated a series of experiments with the siliceous pebbles found in abundance in the conglomerate rock formation near the western corporation line of Akron, feeling assured that therein he had the material for the production of an infusible and non-shrinkable brick. After long and patient study and experimenting with silica and alumina, anda large pecuniary outlay, he succeeded in discovering a process whereby fire brick of unequaled quality and durability could be made from silica alone. He roade application for letters-patent on his new process, which were duly granted. .

The material alluded to was analyzed by Prof. Cassell, and found to contain 98.75 per cent of pure silica - an extraordinary proportion - and affording an advantage not enjoyed by other localities. Mr. Alexander has availed himself of this. and for about three years past has made the silica fire brick. known as the " Diamond" brand.

The manufactory of Allison & Hart is on Bank street. Sixth Ward. This firm manutfactures fire brick also on a large scale; they also make stove and furnace linings. and ground fire clay for laying fire brick.

The uncommonly fine plastic clays of Summit County, rich in alumina, and practically inexhaustible in extent of deposit. formed the basis for the early inception of pottery manufacture in Akron. It was started here on a somewhat extensive scale, when the town had but a tew hundred inhabitants, it being the first mechanical industry of importance established here.

The fame of Akron stoneware has extended pretty much all over the country, and it may be qualifiedly atfirmed that it is the only real stonre- The peculiar fire qualities of the clay found here are such that jected ; neither fire nor hot water will affect it injuriously. as iron vessels for culinary purposes. On the contrary. the so-called stoneware made in New and Northwest (Chicago being one of the principal distributing points), to the South, to the interior of Pennsylvania, and latterly, considerable orders for this excellent ware have come ' from Philadelphia, New York. Boston and other

The business of Whitmore. Robinsons & Co.. was established in a comparatively small way, in 1857, by a number of practical potters, under the style of Johnson. Whitmore & Co. They commenced with one kiln. and their whole area for working consisted of about a quarter of an acre of land, situate on the south side of Market street. Middlebury, now the Sixth Ward of Akron, where they set to work making yellowware. thena new manufacture in thissection. For- |

In January, 1862, Mr. Johnson retired, and in the following April. James B. Manton became a member of the firm, whereupon the style changed to Whitmore, Robinsons & Co., consisting of Richard Whitmore, Thomas Robinson,

1866, Henry Robinson was taken into the co- - partnership. From time to time, commodious | additions were made to their works, thus increasing their producing capacity, until they had the satisfaction of knowing that theirs was the most extensive and complete stoneware | pottery in the world. They run six mills, oper- | ated by three steam engines, with a total of 175- horse-power.

While this company make stoneware their | principal manufacture, they also produce all kinds of yellow and Rockingham ware. In this department, they have two up-draft kilns, which are run to their full capacity.

The buildings of this immense concern have the following dimensions: Main building, of brick (stoneware department), 177x50 feet. three stories ; kiln sheds and engine houses attached. 177x50 feet. one story : yellow ware warehouse. of brick, 80x34 feet, three stories, with wing | 20x30 feet ; yellow and Rockingham ware factory, of stone. 70x36 feet. three stories ; stone- ' ware factory. of stone, 180x36 feet, two stories ; slipware shop, of brick, 50x40 feet. two stories :

; rious uses, about half an acre of area. The | aggregate floor surface of these works is 97.660 | square feet. or about two and a quarter acres.

__ The Akron Pottery, owned and carried on by ' E. H. Merrill & Co., was established in 1861. | They do a large and prosperous business in the / manufacture of beer and ink bottles. pump | cylinders and all styles of stone tobacco pipes. | They manufacture a variety of novelties in stone- | ware, which are the invention of the proprietors, , and they have also made many improvements | in machinery, especially applicable to 'this tion a bottle machine and a pipe machine, con- | structed on new and improved principles. They ' have also invented an improvement in clay ; mills, which greatly facilitates the manufacture _ of their specialties. The buildings occupied by _ this firm consist of one three-story structure, _ 30x60 feet in size, and one-story building. _ 70x100 feet, equipped with all the necessary ; machinery and implements required in this | branch of industry, with an engine and boiler

Meyres & Hall manufacture Ohio stoneware, | having their office and warehouse near the depot | of the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad. | Their works, although located in another town, | may appropriately be classed among the industries of Akron. The business was established | in 1864 by S. L. Stall & Co., at Mogadore, and - passed into the hands of the present proprietors | in 1873. They manufacture a superior grade , of goods. widely known as * Ohio Stoneware,' consisting in part of churns, butter, pickle and snuff-jars. milk pans, jugs. water fountains, fruit. preserve and cream-jars, bean pots. stove tubes. etc. The office and warerooms of the firm are located near the union depot, Akron, and the potteries at Mogadore. These consist of one building. 60x40 feet, with an L-shaped addition. 40x50 feet: another building. 40x50 feet. and numerous smaller structures, sheds. ete. These are supplied with all the necessary machinery and appliances, operated by one 20-horse-power engine and boiler. which serves to turn the lathes and to heat the buildings. All the machinery is of the most perfect construction. especially adapted to this line of business.

Stoneware is manufactured by F. J. Knapp. wholesale dealer. east of Fountain street. He and his father began business at that point many years ago. The present buildings were erected by them. Mr. Knapp purchases his | clay in Springfield. He has two kilns. His works have a capacity of 14,000 gallons a week. His motive power is furnished by a steam engine of thirty-horse-power.

At 115, 117 and 119 Fountain street, are the pottery works of Whitsel, Gibbs & Co.. man- | ufacturers and wholesale dealers in Ohio stone- | ware. Their buildings were erected over twenty years ago by F. J. Knapp and his father. who | afterward sold to Beecher & Lantz. The latter | ran the works one year and sold them to Peter | Bodenbohl, who disposed of them to Shenkle © Brothers & Mann. This firm conducted the » business until last year, when the works were purchased by the present proprietors. The | capacity of the establishment is 15,000 gallons a week. There are three kilns. Their trade goes West, largely.

Joseph Cook, President ; R. H. Kent, Secretary and Treasurer ; David A. Butler, General Agent. This company manufactures every variety of standard Akron stoneware. Their works are large and their trade extensive.

Johnson & Baldwin occupy the works first started by Johnson & Dewey as a redware manufactory, on the corner of Market and High streets, Sixth Ward. The proprietors are Thomas Johnson and Harvey Baldwin. Their works have a capacity of 15,000 gallons a week. They have two down-draft kilns. Their entire trade is disposed of to Quigley Brothers, of Akron, wholesale dealers in stoneware. latter have an office at 215 High street, Sixth Ward, also one near the depot of the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad.

_ Fairbanks on South High street; and Viall & ' Markle on East Market street, same ward. ' These works are all extensive and their trade | widely extended.

quantities every variety of the best brooms, at 125 Carroll street. Their broom-corn is brought from Illinois; their handles from Columbus, Ohio ; their wire from Cuyahoga Falls ; and their twine from New York City. The shop of H. B. Cross, who also manufactures brooms, is at Lock No. 1, Ohio Canal; that of Mr. Hardy is on Mill street.

The Akron Malleable Iron Works are located on East Water street. Sixth Ward, Hope & Greer proprietors. W. Foster Hope, Business Manager ; John F. Greer, Superintendent. This firm manufacture malleable iron castings,

Lepper & Sackett make Bohemian or hulless oat-meal at their Bohemian Oat-Meal Mills, on Water street, Sixth Ward. Their goods are sent to various parts of the country.

| N.O. Freer, makes, at 176, same street, furnaces | for heating and ventilating buildings. He | began his business first on Mill street, in 1876, and moving to his present rooms in 1878. G. W. McNeil & Sons manufacture stone grain scourers and polishers on South High street.

Adam Beck also manufactures soap near the fair grounds. Walter Andrews makes candies at the Akron Steam Candy Works, selling them at wholesale only. J. Bergdorf is engaged in

A summary of the manufacturing interests of Akron is as follows: Capital invested, $6,127,- 250; hands employed, 4,163; total value of materials consumed, $4,606,774 ; total annual production, $9,313,451.

It may be said, therefore, with truth, that the crowning glory of Akron is her manufactories. It has been shown that a number of them are among the largest and most successful of their from small beginnings. Not all, of course, have ' been alike successful ; but, the rule has been, _ to which there have been but few exceptions. _ that every industry persevered in and conducted almost to the dawn of its existence as a town or settlement. The great truths of religion make their appeals to man, whatever may be his circumstances or surroundings. If there has ever been a church-going habit ; if rest.or by some means recognize the day set apart for rest. by special command. This demand, or religious influence. is early felt in pionecr life ; and. because the opportunities for more highly prized. In a very early period in the history of the town, religious societies were formed. and churches established. as will be gathered from a perusal of the sketches following of the ditferent religious denominations | ciety. the erection of a church edifice was commenced. which was an unpretentious wooden structure of 40x60 feet. located directly in front of the present one. and fronting toward the West. It was destroyed by fire in March, 1841, and upon its foundation another of like design was immediately built. In 1836. this city was taken within the bounds and placed under the control of the Erie Conference. when Revs. Thomas Carr and John L. Holmes were appointed to serve the society. In 1537, the appointees were Daniel M. Stearnes and Thomas Graham; in 1838. Horatio N. Stearnes: in 1839. John Robinson and Caleb Brown: in 1840. John Robinson continued. and Benjamin Kx. Maltby ; in 1841, Ira Eddy and John Wood ; in 1842. Timothy (roodwin. M. D.; in 13453,

The busy throng in practical lite is apt to be absorbed only by what the present forces upon it: vet there is now and then one. who. somewhat more far-sighted, overleaps the general boundary. and invites to remembrance the men and the deeds of the past. Such was Rey. Samuel Gregg, who was appointed to this station in 1846, and who was the author of ~ The

With this last-mentioned pastorate, the time had arrived when. to meet the increased wants of the society, the old church must undergo extension and reparation. The Pastor seeing this necessity, urged upon the trustees its possible accomplishment, which resulted in reversing its front, enlarging the building, and in

John Peate was appointed to the charge; in - 1863, E. A. Jobnson, and in 1865-67, D. ©. Osborne. It was during the latter's pastorate in 1866 that the centennial of Methodism was which time there was subscribed and paid about $30,000, as a nucleus from which the present edifice sprang. During this year and the early _ part of the following one, the Centenary picture, now decorating the main Sunday-school room was made, whose design embodies the ideal of the then prospective departments, and exhibits the members of the entire Sunday the latter year, I. A. Pierce became the api pointee, and in 1878 W. W. Case, the present , incumbent was transferred from the Cincinnati , Conference to the East Ohio, and appointed to

In the spring of 1867, ground was broken for the present edifice, and by late autumn, the foundation walls were elevated to about onehalf their designed height.

Both the main audience-room and the Sundayschool apartments are considered models of excellence, and, to an extent, even beyond a State-wide reputation. -

In 1871, W. W. Ramsay, of the Cincinnati Conference, was transferred to the Erie, and appointed to this charge, his term of service ending in 1874, when Henry Baker became his successor, and continued until 1877. In return of the next autumn. Another winter's cessation from the work was followed by its resumption in the spring of 1869, and the completion of the Sunday-school and the lecture-room apartments in April, 1870, when the transition from the old church to the present one was made by the society and Sunday school. On the 15th of this month, the finished apartments of the first story. main building, and the second story of the Sunday-school rooms were formally dedicated by Dr. C. H. Fowler, of Chicago, and Dr. J. H. Vincent, of New York. At this time, W. F. Day, D. D., an interval of about twelve years been re-appointed thereto in 1868, and he continued in the position until August, 1871. During the last ten years previous to the' occupancy of the new edifice, the ratio of increase of membership, both of church and Sunday school was greater than of any previous decade of the society's history.

In June, 1871; the work upon the audienceroom of the present church was resumed which had been permitted to rest during the interval of completing the other departments of the ' church; and in the January following, it was . completed and dedicated, Bishop Wiley and Dr.

increased to 1,500, and the possible capacity by the availment of all of the standing room, which probably has been the case in a few in- Both in the church and Sunday school there seems to be a continually growing interest upon the part of all connected therewith. And it seems as if the Sundayschool appointments especially were likely at some not far distant day to become too straitened to accommodate the growing attendance. For here may be seen ++ Fathers and mothers, brothers, sisters, friends,' And very little boys and girls - around, Across, within the spacious sacred rooms, 'They walk, they sit, they stand,' what Crowds press in!"'

The First Presbyterian Church of Middlebury (now the Sixth Ward of Akron) is one of the early church organizations of this section. The following sketch of it was written by Mrs. Henry Robinson especially for this work: At a meeting held in the schoolhouse in the village of Middlebury, then Portage, now Summit | County, Thursday, December 15, 1831, the First |

Presbyterian Church of Middlebury was organized by Rev. Benson C. Baldwin, assisted by Rey. John D. Hughes, of Springfield. The following-named persons were then admitted to membership : Jesse Neal and Nancy, his wife ; Dr. Titus Chapman, Richard Chapman, Mrs. Eliza Chapman, Mrs. Sylvia Chapman, Woolsey Welles, Mrs. Mary B. Welles, James Neal, William F. Astroon, Harvey B. Spellman, Edgar Chapman (only member now living), Miss Sallie Allen, Miss Amanda Gillet. Miss Mary A. Gillet, Miss Naomi Hickox, Miss Louisa Neal, Miss Sophronia Neal, Miss Sophia Neal, Miss Mary Erwin, Miss R. M. Jennison. Mrs. Jane Bell, Mrs. Mary Ann Cotter. Mrs. Clarissa Hickox, Mrs. Allen and Miss Emeline King. The officers of the church were Woolsey Welles

He was succeeded by Rey. Almon Saunders, of Unionville. who commenced his labors October 7, 1838. and continued with the church for one year. In July. 1840. the Rev. H. A. Sackett took charge, remaining until the next January. During his labors large numbers were added to the church. In

Soon after Mr. Shaw ceased his relations with the church. a part of the members seceded. The subject of slavery had for some time been agitated, and a part of the church. on this account, not being willing to retain their connection with minister, Rev. William Hanford. In September of that year, the Rev. Horace Foot was engaged for one year, and in January, 1848, Rev. Elroy Curtis was called, and labored as Pastor until the spring of 1854, faithfully and efficiently. In 1860, the slavery question, which had divided the churches, being settled, they were united, and formed an independent church, under the charge of Rev. William Dempsey, who remained until 1863. He died in 1864 at Me-

' dina. The church then hired Rev. Mr. Hicks, ' who remained for three years, and was succeeded by Rev. John G. Hall. He remained three years, and in May, 1871, Rev. Henry | Avery came, remaining until May, 1874; Rev. Carlos Smith then officiated for three months.

who has been connected with it for forty-six years having become a member in 1835. He has always been an earnest and zealous worker in the cause of Christ. and, though now past

, his fourscore years. his enthusiasm kindles at the very mention of the church. The next minister in charge was Rey. C. E. Barnes. who came in October. 1874. and was employed as stated supply until 1877. On the Ist of April. 1878. Rev. J. H. Jones was formally installed as Pastor. and still continues his labors as such. During all these years. this little church has had but three regularly installed Pastors. viz.: Rev. James Shaw. Rey. E. Curtis and Rey. J. H. Jones, the others having officiated merely as stated supply.

There are very few of the earlier members now known to be living. Mrs. D. A. Hine. who resides here. and who united with the church at the same time as did Mr. Cotter. is still an earnest and devoted Christian worker. The society is now recognized as the « First Presbyterian Church of Akron." bership is sixty-one ; the officers are Rey. J. H. Jones, Pastor; A. L. Cotter, J. K. Robinson and Henry Hart, Ruling Elders; James B. Manton. William Robinson, Dr. F. C. Reed,

| Harvey Baldwin and J. K. Robinson. Trustees, The church edifice was erected in 1833, but has since been remodeled and repaired. | The Sabbath school has been in existence _ ever since the organization of the church, and at present numbers over one hundred, with an average attendance of sixty-five. The officers are Dr. C. C. Davidson, Superintendent; Mrs. Henry Robinson, Assistant Superintendent ; | Byron Robinson, Secretary ; Miss Kate Palm- | er, Treasurer ; Miss Frances Robinson, Organist ; and Miss Belle Berger, Chorister.

known as the " Austin Mission Band." They have undertaken the support of a pupil in Miss Austin's School, at Sitka, Alaska. Members, thirty-nine; amount of money raised in less than a year over $45; officers, Mrs. Henry Robinson, Superintendent ; Miss Kate Palmer, Assistant Superintendent ; Miss Lizzie Griffin, President ; Henry B. Manton, Vice President ; Miss Nellie Farwell, Secretary ; and Park T. Robinson, Treasurer.

St. Paul's Episcopal Church,* Akron. Ohio. is another of the early church organizations. The records of the church were burned and consequently much that would be deemed necessary for its history is lost. What we give here has been collated from journals, Episcopal addresses, etc. Rev. A. Sanford reports in 1832: '"'Solemnized one marriage at Akron." Bishop McIlvaine ir 1834. says: "From Stow to Middlebury, October 11; two or three Episcopal families in the neighborhood ; heard of none in .

' the village: preached at night in the schoolhouse to a very considerable and attentive audience ; next day went to Akron, to take the canal-boat for Massillon. This growing place is preaching of the Gospel. It should be a missionary station as soon as possible. I should have preached there. had not the constant expectation of the boat prevented." The Rev. W. K. Newman took charge of St. John's, in Stow, and of two new parishes at Akron and Franklin.

From the Bishop's address, 1836: "July 8, visited St. Paul's, Akron; preached and met the Vestry; the Rev. Mr. Barrow has been invited to as-ume the care of this point and Franklin." This minister reports, in the same year, five communicants. Mr. John Hanford was the first lay delegate from this parish to the diocesan convention. Rev. Mr. Barrow remained one year. In 1837, nine communicants "re reported. In 1838, the Bishop reports preaching in the Baptist Church, and confirming five persons. This year the Rev. T. J. Davis, of Connecticut, assumed charge of the church. In i339, Mr. Davis reports fifteen communicants, and that a Sunday-school has been organized, which numbers twenty-five children ; also the organization of a society called the Christian Knowledge Society. A room was fitted up in a stone building on the ground now occupied by Mr. Henry's store, to be used as a place of worship. Referring to a visitation made in 1839, Bishop McIlvaine says: "In a large upper room in a warehouse fitted up for a church, [ preached, catechised the young, addressed the parents, and confirmed three. This parish has much prospered since that date." November 6, 1840, the Bishop visited St. Paul's and confirmed six persons. It was this year, on a Sunday morning, at the hour of worship, that a severe storm | threw a large chimney and heavy ornamental | stones in upon the assembled congregation, and ;

About this time the congregation undertook the building of what is known under the name of the old "' Cobb House," northwest of the city, near the bend of the canal. the combined purposes of parsonage, seminary and parish school. From a letter of a Warden, dated November, 1840, we give the following extract: "This parish has received donations, solicited by Rev. Mr. Davis, about $900 from the friends of the church in Philadelphia, and this diocese to assist in the erection of a tem- satisfaction to the donors to know that their ; benevolent wishes have been fulfilled in the | erection of the building contemplated, and the | establishment of the church upon a permanent :

Akron. building, and in part payment on contract, the title of the Cobb House was transferred to him. On the 2d of June, 1844, the church was consecrated. The parish then numbered sixty communicants, and the building was described

Four months after the consecration of the church, the Rev. Mr. Freeman resigned. Rev. Mr. Cox took charge December 8, 1844. Rev. Mr. McIlhinney, November, 1847. Rev. J. K. Stuart in 1848. Rev. E. H. Cumming. December 20. 1850. He was followed by Rev. R.S. Nash, and he in turn was succeeded in November, 1854, by Rev. D. C. Maybin. The Rev. Edward Meyer preached his first sermon December 16. 1855. He reports that 'during the summer of 1856, through the ~ ' exertions of the ladies society, a set of neat _ green blinds were procured for the south side windows, adding greatly to the comfort of the worshipers. and furnishing a pleasant and sub- Mr. Meyer's The Rev. Henry Adams took charge in 1860: the Rey. Samuel Maxwell in 1863; the Rev. W. T. Fitch in 1866 ; the Rev. Henry Gregory in 1869. and the Rev. R. L. Ganter. the present Rector. in 1870.

In 1870. the church edifice was enlarged and a new organ procured. The same year. also, a commodious parsonage was erected on North Summit street.

schoolhouses in Akron and Middlebury. In the year 1836, Rev. E. Crane became the settled Pastor. and services were held in a hall in Middlebury. and in a schoolhouse in Akron while the first house of worship was in process of erection. Mr. Crane is still living. and resides at Mount Pleasant. Iowa. Rey. H. Carr sueceeded Mr. Crane. and was the Pastor at the dedication of the house of worship in 1857.

The Baptist Church of Akron* was organized at Middlebury (now Sixth Ward of Akron) April 18, 1834, under the name of the Akron and Middlebury Baptist Church. The names

1862. Rev. F. Adkins was Pastor from 1866 to 1868. His successor was Rev. C. T. Chaffee, from 1869 to 1872. He was succeeded by Rey. J. P. Agenbroad for one year. Charles A. Hayden was ordained, and became Pastor

The present Pastor, Rev. N. 8. Burton, entered upon his second pastorate in July, 1877. The present membership is about 145. R. A. Grimnow and W. T. Allen are Deacons, and J. W. Burton, Clerk and Treasurer. A Sunday school was organized when the church entered its first house of worship, and ' has been maintained since. Its present Superintendent is Dr. Denitt G. Wilcox. The aver- _ age attendance about 110.

tor: Previous to the organization of this concregation. and as early as 1835, visits were paid to the few Catholics of Akron. by Father Henni, vame on horseback from Cincinnati. and said mass in a log cabin owned by James McAllister. Right Rey. J. B. Purcell. now Archbishop ot Cincinnati. followed soon after and said mass here: and the Rev. Louis De Goesbriand. Pastor of Louisville. Stark County, visited shortly after him. Rey. Father McLaughlin. of Cleveland. was also here. and Rev. Basil Short baptized the children and attended the Catholics from 1837 to 1842.

Hitherto mass was said in private houses or rented halls. The frame church on (rreen street was commenced by Rev. M. Howard, in 1343. and he remained in charge of Akron Congregation to 1844. Father Cornelius Daly succeeded in February. 1845, and was the first resident Pastor. He remained in charge till 1848. and enlarged and finished the church commenced by Father Howard. During the charge of Father Daly, the Archbishop of Cincinnati ordained Rev. J. V. Conlan, in the old frame church now used for school purposes. The Rey. Cassina Moavet, was here from October, 1848, to June, 1850, then came Rev. Father Goodwin. He was succeeded by Rev. Francis McGann, who owned the present site of the new church and the present cemetery. Father

Walsh. Then followed the Rev. W. O'Connor, now a Redemptorist. Rev. M. A. Scanlon, was appointed to this charge in July, 1859, and remained here to November, 1873. During his pastorate the Catholic Germans, who till then formed part of St. Vincent's congregation, separated (in 1861) and organized themselves by permission of Bishop Rappe, as St. Bernard's congregation. Rev. Father Scanlon was succeeded November 23 1873, by Rev. Timothy Mahoney. Father Mahoney, atter having freed the congregation from the greater part of a burdensome debt, was transferred August 1, of St. Patrick's Church, Cleveland, and was succeeded by Rev. T. F. Mahar, D. D., the present Pastor. Among the prominent laymen and pioneer members of the congregation may be mentioned James McAllister, John Cook, John Dunne - father of Judge Dunne - Thomas Jones, J. McSweeny, Martin Quigley and Thomas Garaghty.