Washington County, Ohio - Chapter 7: Education, 1902 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 7: Education

Early Teachers and Schools - The First School Houses - Improvement in School Houses - Agitation for Better Educational Facilities - The First Schools - Examiners of Common Schools - Educational Notices - School Directors - Teachers' Institutes - Washington County School Association Minutes - William Slocomb - Township High Schools - Other Means of Education - Washington County Bible Society - The Marietta Library Association - The Marietta Lyceum - First Mechanics' Lyceum - A Hint on Home-Training Sabbath-Schools - Society for the Promotion of Temperance - Marietta Female Seminary - Art Schemes for the Betterment of Mankind - Edward Postlethwayt Page - Washington County Children's Home - History of Children's Homes.

If education be, as some have defined it, the conscious influence of one generation upon the next to produce conformity to an ideal, then education, intellectual, moral and religious, began as soon as New England families had settled in the Northwest Territory. Among these settlers were many who had been well educated for the day, even enjoying a liberal education.

John ]\Iathews, one of the pioneers, had at one time been engaged to teach in the Virginia settlement near Wheeling; but other duties called him away before he had begun his school. In the colony the division of labor soon began, and one was employed to teach the children, while the rest continued the farming and the building.

was taught in the northwest block-house by Maj. Anselni Tupper, in the winter of 1788- 89. Dr. Jabez True also taught in the blockhouse and Jonathan Baldwin, who afterward settled at Waterford. Bathsheba Roush, of Belpre, was the first recruit in the great army of earnest women who have labored for the education of the youth of our country. She taught at Belpre in the summer of 1789. Daniel Mill, a graduate of Cambridge University, taught for some years at Farmers' Castle. Jonathan Baldwin, who has already tieen mlentioned, also taught in the same place before he removed to Waterford.

The schools of that day and those that were kept up for many years later were supported almost ex:clusi\-ely by the subscription of the patrons. For a long time there were no houses built exclusively for school purposes. At an early day Mr. Curtis taught a school at ^Marietta in a cooper shop. The first school near the present site of Amesville was taught in a room in the house of Ephraim Cutler in 1801. WilHam Slocumb and Benjamin F. Stone were among the very early teachers at Marietta.

There was a little revenue for school purposes arising from the rent of Section 16 and perhaps the earliest corporationt created by legislative enactment was one to take charge of tha revenue arising from these lands. For a long time school laws in Ohio were simply permissive; the township might create districts, and the districts might build school houses but there was no obligation to do this unless the people of the township took the initiative. The people, not only of Wasliington County, but also of the whole State, owe a debt of gratitude to Ephraim Cutler and Dr. S. P. Hildreth for their untiring efforts to secure means for popular education in every district. M'r. Cutler especially labored to secure better school laws while he was a member of the General Assembly, and Dr. Hildreth was a member of a committee to prepare a report on education for the consideration of the Assembly.

The First School Houses

The first school houses built were rude log structures, very similar to those in which the majority of the settlers were then living. One end of the school house was almost entirely occupied by the huge chimney, where great roaring woocl fires were kept in the winter time. The best of these had a single honzootal row of panes of g-lass io ser\-e for a window. Against the wall beneath this window, a long board supported by wooden pegs drivem into the wall served as a desk for the older pupils who were learnig^ tO' write. This long desk was not exactly reversible, but the pupils were, for by clambering o\'er the bench on which they sat they could reseat themselves and have the edge of the lx)ard as a support for their backs. Houses substantially of this form continued to be used in some parts of this county within the memory of men still living.

Resolved, That the 7th day of April be forever considered as a day of public festival in the territory of the Ohio Company, as their settlements in this country commenced on that day; and that the directors request some gentleman to prepare an oration to be delivered on the next anniversary.

From the first year, the Fourth of July was celebrated with due ceremony and usually an oration was delivered to perpetuate in the hearts, of the young the sentiments of patriotism, which had inspired so many of the founders and nerved them to offer their lives in defense of independence. It was also provided that the memorials of another race should be carefully preserved for the instruction of futitre generations. The ele\'ated scpiares, the mounds, the Sacra Via were to be preserved for public use. Early attempts were made to secure libraries, and it is worthy of mention that the books selected for these libraries, or owned in families, were of a serious nature - historical and theological works. Life with the pioneers was a serious matter and they had no time or taste for lighter literature. Even the poetical works read by them were of a serious and contemplative character.

Improvement Ix School Houses

The second grade of school buildings, such as were standing in this county about the middle of the 19th century, were a little better than the first; both in size and in furnishings. A typical example of the school house of 1850 is recalled by one of the boys, who learned in it his first lessons in reading and writing. It stood by the roadside near a spring. It was built of hewed logs and contained three windows, each having eight small panes of glass. Instead of the huge fireplace, a coal stove stood in the middle of the room. The board for a desk still decorated three sides of the wall and between these desks and the stove

The chinks between the logs were filled with mud, from the road, which had been thoroughly kneaded by the horses and vehicles, and one of the tasks which the boys especially enjoyed was that of patching up the walls and filling the crevices, on some mild winter day, when the road had been thawed. The only ventilation afforded in this room was caused by the accidental breaking of a window pane, and as the school house was a long way from town it usually happened that two or three such apertures were to be seen. In extremely cold weather, these were sometimes stopped up with a hat or a piece of paper.

Thv 01 D School House

In 1822, Governcjr Trimble appointed Caleb Atwater, Lloyd Talbot, Dr. S. P. Hildreth, J. Barber, N. Guilford, James Hoge and John Collins as commissioners "to collect, digest, and to report to the next General Assembly a system of education fo^r common schools."

This committee made a report to the State Legislature of 1822-23 in which they speak of the "prejudice which narrow-minded and avaricious men will endeavor to excite against any system of education which will compel the rich man to pay more towards defraying the expenses of erecting school houses, &c., than the man who is not worth a dollar," but they express the hope that familiarity with the plan proposed "will be the great means of removing all hostility to its adoption."' Tliey call attention to the fact that the population of Ohio represents almost every part of the world and that many of our fellow citizens are unacquainted with any system of public education.

A few months later "Philodemas" in the AiHcrican Friend discusses the subject and deplores- the fact that while Ohio has within 30 years risen from nothing to be the fourth State in the Union, "the progress of literature has not kept pace with her other acquirements." He complains that the frequent change of teachers prevents any continuity of work and thinks that "with proper instructors and proper books it is possible for the scholars to learn grammar, geography, geometry and algebra, in the same time which they now w^aste to acquire a smattering of reading, writing and arithmetic." He commends the educational labors of Noah Webster but thinks that "Webster's Spelling Book,'." now in general use in the county, "is not at all adapted to the use of beginners."

At a meeting of the Ohio Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, held in Marietta in September, 1822, three representatives of the Wyandot Indians - John Hicks, Monoque, and Between-the-Logs - were present and made short speeches. They thanked the conference for the school established among their people and for the unselfish labors of Rev. James B. Fruley. This mission originated in the pious efforts of a colored Methodist named Stewart, who had gone from Marietta to the Indians in 181 7. About the same time Cyrus Kingsbury writes to his friends in the Marietta Congregational Church (who had helped to support his work), telling of his schools among the Choctaws. of the hearty support he was receiving from the chiefs, and of the sneering way in which some members of Congress spoke of the missionary work as a farce.

Perhaps some of us in 1902 have heard a little of the same kind of talk. Those who steal from the Indians do not wish to have missionaries or teachers on the reservations.

The First Schools

It is difficult to state with absolute certainty when the first school was established in each township, for the reason that, the organization being so simple, no records ha\e been kept. When two or three families of settlers had begun -work in the wilderness, they soon found it convenient to have one of their comlmunity, perhaps, an older son or daughter, make a beginning at a school. A room was found somewhere or somehow and this school was begun. The teacher received perhaps not more than one dollar or two dollars a week for services.

The first school reported in Adams township was taught by Enoch Wing in his own cabin in 1797. In Aurelius township Nancy Button was teaching in 1809 and 1810. The first school house, a log one of course, was built near where Dexter now stands, in 181 5. The first school house was built in Barlow township in 1808 and the first teacher was John T. Deming. Oliver Root was one of the pioneer teachers in Decatur township, bu tthe date of his first school is not known. In Dunham township, a school was built on the Goddard farm in 1814 - Ethelinda Clark taught here in 1816. In Fairfield township, a school house was built in 1819, in which Oliver Miller was teacher. Charles Shipman taught a school in Fearing township about 1804. As early as 18 10 a small circulating library had been purchased, which served a very useful purpose for a few years; finally the books were distributed among the share owners. One of the earliest school houses in Grandview tow'nship was at the mouth of Mill Creek, taught by Mr. Edington, and about the same time or a little later Mr. Flack taught at Grandview. The first school house in Independence township was bin'lt in 1835, but \\'illiam Gathers had taup^ht a subscription school in that community about 1823. The first school house in Lawrence tOA\Tiship. near the mouth of Cow Run on the Little M'uskingum, in 1810, had for its teacher, Mir. Dunkin. Miss Doffet taught a subscription school in Liberty township, but the first log school house Was not built until 1838. In Ludlow township Miss Daily taught a school in 1 81 6. In Muskingum township. Miss Levings first taught in a log school house at an early date, but the exact time is not known. Caleb Greene taught a school at his own home in 1801, in Newport township. In another part of that township, in what was then known as the "hill neighborhood," Miss Annie Plumer was the first teacher. In 1805 and 1806 in a cabin built for a dwelling hut not occupied, Russel Darrow taught the first school in what is now Palmer township. John True taught a school in Salem in 1807. In 1809 John Brown taught a school in a room of Judge Cutler's house.

The next year a log school house was built in that (Warren) township. In W'atertown township, which was then known as Wooster, Nathaniel Gates taught a private school as early as 1799. The first log school house in (Wesley township was built in 1819 - Miss Hewitt was the first teacher.

The law of 181 7 permitted the forming of districts in the toAvnships and the building of school houses. Some of our townships speedily availed themselves of this permission ; in others a beginning was not made for more than a quarter of a century.

As in. all other counties, the supporting of the schools was gradually assumed by the pub'lic. -Alt first the patrons furnished the school house, such as it was, with all its equipments, that were necessarily very meager, and paid the wages of the teacher. If any parents were too poor to pay the expenses of tuition, it was provided for by private benevolence and at a \-ery early date we find that in sonue townships a committee was appointed t(j ciillect donations to meet such cases.

Notice

The Meeting of the Citizens of Marietta, for the purpose of forming a Society to aid in educating indigent children stands adjourned to Friday evening next (2d Feb.) 6 o'clock, ;n the Schn,,l h..n-.e in the ist District, at -.vhich time ArticU', nt A--nciaii.ni will be reported. As it is contei.ipkiud t>. uxuinl the lienefits of the Society through. >ut the Tuwn-hip. it is hoped a general attendance will lie given.

A little later the funds from the rent of Section 16, and still later the money collected by special local taxation, were applied toward paying a part of the teachers' wages. The remainder was made up by the payment of the patrons in proportion to the numlier of days school received, and one of the tasks of the teacher between 1^30 and 1830 was the computation of the amount du^ from each of these patrons, and the collection of the same. Sometimes the public money was expended in paying the teacher for a very short term, perhaps not more than two months and the teacher was then permitted to continue the school for the

Ex.Vminers Of Common Schools

As we have shown in another part of this' chapter, some of the earliest teachers were men liberally educated in the East, and as settlements multiplied it was impossible to find thoroughly qualified teachers for all the schools. The following notice, first appearing- April i, 1825, marked a new step in the educati(jnal progress of this county :

In pursuance of the law "To provide for the support ,Tnd better regulation of Common Schools," passed at the last scsion of the Legislature of this State, the following gentlemen were appointed E.xaminers of Common School; for the County of Washington, at the late term of the Court of Common Pleas,

Anselm T. Nye. Esq.. of Waterford. The section of the law requiring this appointment makes it their duty to examine every person wishing to be employed as a teacher, and if they find such person qualified and of good moral character, to give a certificate to that effect.

We are requested to state that the Examiners of Common Schools propose meeting at the Muskingum Academy in M.irietta. on Saturday the 9th of April next, at one o'clock. P. M. : and subsequently on 'he third day of each term of the Court of Common Pleas for this county.

\\'hen it was first propoesd to adtl English grammar to the list of enumerated branches required of teachers in public schools, one of the best teachers then in the county said that it would be impossible to supply the schools, if this requirement were rigidly exacted. HoAvever, from 1825, a county certificate has been demanded O'f those teachers who were to draw from the public funds, except for the short period when by the law of Ohio every township was permitted to elect its own examiners.

"An act to provide for the support and better regulation of Common Schools," passed February 5, 1825, makes it the duty of tlie trustees of each incorporated township to lay off the sanije into one or more school districts. It also provides, that no township shall be entitled to receive any part of the monej-s collected for school purposes, until the same shall be laid off into districts, etc. We would suggest to the trustees of townships that liave not com(plied with the law in this respect, the propriety of causing the same to be done as soon as practicable. It is essential to the interests of the rising generation that the requisites of this law be strictly attended to." - Ohio Stat,' Journal.

At a meeting of the Examiners of Common Schools in Washington County, held at the court House in Marietta on the first day of NovemH>er. 1831, there were present, William Slocomb, William: Pitt Putnam, Jolni Brown, John D. Chamberlain. Caleb Emerson of Douglas Putnam. William Slocomb was appointed chairman and Douglas Putnam, clerk.

1. The Board of Examiners will hold an Annual Meeting at Marietta, on the .second day of the Fall Term of the Court of Common Pleas in each year.

3. Each Examiner shall keep a record of all persons to whom he shall grant certificates and of the several 'branches in which they aie authorized to teach; and shall return a Report of the same to the Clerk of the Annual Meeting.

4. Every person appljjng for exarnination, who is not personally known to the Examiners, shall produce satisfactory evidence of good moral character.

5. Every person shall apply to the Examiner or Examiners in the Township where he or she may reside, or where he or she proposes to teach school ;/ and in case there is no Examiner in such Township, then application shall be made to the Examiners in one ol the Townships adjoining.

6. No Examiner shall grant a certificate to a person from a Township where any other Examiner resides, unlpss said 'certificate shall be first signed by Examiner in such Town - or unless sufficient cause is shown to rerder such examination necessary.

7. The Examiners shall require from all Teachers the following qualifications, viz.-, a knowledge of Treading, Writing ?,nd .'Vrithmetick. at least so far as to comprise the Rule of Three.

It was decided that for the current year, the Examiners of the several townships should meet on Saturday, the 19th of November, for the examination of teachers. It was ruled that teachers might be examined either at the Annual IMeeting, or at the quarterly meetings oif the Examiners in the se\'eral townships.

In pursuance of the provisions of "An act to provide for the support and better regulation of Common Schools," the Board of School Examiners, for the County of Washington, at their meeting held at the Court House, in Marietta, August 5th, 1834, proceeded to appoint the following persons to be examiners of Female School Teachers, in the several townships of Washington County, viz, :

Cojimon Schools

.At the last session of the Court of Common Pleas for Washington County, Jonas Moore, Wm. Slocomb and Douglas Putnam, were appointed E.xaminers for Teachers of Common Schools.

Being vested by the late school law, with authority to appoint Examiners in distant townships, the Board have appointed Doct. G. N. Gilbert, of Belpre, Doct, George Bowen, of Waterford, and Mr, Ebenezer Battelle. Jr., of Newport, Examiners for the term of one year.

The regular quarterly meetings of the Board will be held at the Library Hall in Marietta, on the first Wednesdays in September, December, March and June, at 10 o'clock A. M.

The undersigned, having been appointed Examiners of Common School Teachers for Washington County, deem it proper to state the general principles by which they will be governed.

1st. In regard to certificates of good moral character. We shall in all cases require that such certificates be from persons of known probity, and as far as practicable, from magistrates or other public functionaries. This rule is necessary to prevent impositions, which have sometimes been practiced.

2d. In regard to literary qualifications. The law requires that the teacher should be qualified to teach reading, writing and arithmetic. We can not regard any person as qualified to teach reading, who is not well acquainted with the elementary principles, as the sound of words, modulations of the voice, pauses, etc. - or who can not give evidence of his knowledge of these principles by his own manner of reading.

The following gentlemen are appointed E.xaminers of Female Teachers - and are authorized to grant the certificates : Doctor G. N. Gilbert, of Eelpre ; Doctor Campbell, of Waterford ; and Rev. Allen Darrow, of Newport.

Eclectic and Webster's Elementary Spelling books, do. Readers - and Porter's Rhetorical Reader. Slocomb's and Adams' Arithmetic, and Colburn's First Lessons, Smith's, Pond's and Murray's Grammars, Mitciiell's and Smith's Geographys, and we earnestly recommend that a lesson be read from the Bible in all schools at least once a day.

The quarterly meetings of the Examiners will be held on the first Wednesdays of October, January, April and July, at the counting room of Slocomb and Buck, :n Marietta, at 2 o'clock P. M.

Muskingum Academy

_ The Trustees give notice that Mr. Levi Kcyes has this day opened a school in the Muskingum Academy in which will be taught the following branches, viz. : Latin, Greek, Mathematicks, Rhetoric, Logic, iChemistry, Natur.il and Moral Philosphy, Astronomy, Grammar, Geography, Reading, Writing and Arithmetick.

The annual meeting of the Education Society of Marietta will be held at the Brick School House in the 1st District on Monday the 3d day of September next, at half past 6 o'clock P. M.. when a report will be made of the proceedings of the Society. A general attendance of the members, and all others friendly to the Society is requested.

The Subscriber proposes to teach a small class of 'foung Ladies at his own house, commencing about the 1st of May next. Besides the common English branches, he will teach Projecting maps. Natural Philosophy, Astronomy, etc. He has the various optica! glasses and other apparatus, necessary to exemplify the philosophy of vision, colors and several other subjects connected with the above studies.

The Subscriber gives notice that his School is now open for the reception of pupils of both sexes. The course of instr'iction includes all the branches usually taught in Comnion Schools; and <\i desired) Natural Philosophy, Belleslttters. Latin language, &c, &c.

The school room is pleasantly situated - is spacious and v.pll arranged for the accommodation of pupils. No exertion on the part of the instructor will be spared to render the school worthy of patronage. Jno. Pearce.

Young Ladif.S Writing School

The undersigned having taught several classes of Males, with success, sufiicient (as he hopes) to establish hi;- qualification as a teacher of Penmanihip, now proposes to instruct a class of Young Ladies.

The Ladies are too often deficient in this indispensable branch of Education, in which they might so easily and so eminently excel. To remove this defect, and enable them to write with neatness and facility, the undersigned (if patronized) promises to devote his niost assiduous exertions.

Vocal Music

in the cultivation of Musical Science, that he purposes opening a school on Monday evening Jan. 7th, for instruction in the theory and practice of singing.

Juvenile Singing School

The subscriber proposes to open a school for the instruction o*' the youth and children of Sabbath Schools embracing those from eight to sixteen years of age in the principles and practice of vocal music.

It IS a false notion, entertained by many, however, that the gift of an "ear for music" is limited to a few happy ones, while the great maiurity are wholly incapacitated by nature to learn the art. There is no more difSculty, nor near as much, in learning a child to sing correctly as there is in learning him to talk, or read. Indeed all languages are only different systems of intricate sounds, that require much time, practice and patience in their combination to express ideas ; and let the same, or even the tenth part of the time, patience and practice spent in the acquisition of a language be devoted to music, either vocal or instrumental, and ninety-nine hundredths of the pupils would make equal progress toward the complete mastery of the science. Nothing is more common than to hear individuals complain "they have no ear for music, and can not tell one sound from another." But let the same persons have spent as little time and trouble in learning to talk, or read, as they have in learning to sing, and any language on the face of the earth wOuld be to them only umintelligible gibberish - they would have no ear for it, and .could not distinguish one word from another.

Should sufficient encouragement be given, a course of in.struction, comprising sixty lessons, of two hours each, from three, till five o'clock P. M. on five days of the week will be commenced.

C. B. Guthrie has opened a School in the Brick School House of the first district of Marietta, in which will be taught all the branches of a common English education, viz. : Orthography, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, English, Grammar, History, Rhetoric and Composition. From his experience in teaching and liberal terms, he hopes for a share of the patronage of the inhabitants of the glace.

Mr. Theo. Scott's third term of teaching will commence on Monday the i-2tn inst., in the new school house in District No. 5 and continue twelve weeks. Tuition, $3.00.

School Directors

As the season has arrived when our winter school should commence, it may not be amiss to make a few suggestions to those who, in an important sense, have the direction of the education of our youth.

"In the first place, it is very important that the directors should employ persons to teach, who are well qualified to discharge the important duties entrusted to them. If this part of their duty be neglected, attention to all other parts will be comparatively useless.

"Proper seats, and writing desks that are firm and steady, should be provided. Care should be taken that these be of different heights, to accommodate the different ages of the pupils. The proper height for a writing desk is, when the right arm rests easily upon it, and the body being nearly erect. Seats for small scholars should always be furnished with backs, the practice of furnishing seats for scholars with no support to the back, and often too high for the feet to reach the floor, is highly injurious in its tendency.

"It is the business of the Directors to furnish a good supply pf fuel, and see that it is properly prepared for use; so that the room may be comfortably warm at the proper hour. A want of attention to this part of their duty will be attended with more loss and inconvenience than is generally supposed. Directors can render an essential service to their districts by ascertaining what books are needed in school, and by procuring such as are necessary to furnish something like uniformity for the different classes. Parents sometimes feel that they cannot afford to purchase the necessary books ; whereas, they should feel that they cannot afford to do without them, and thereby lose much of the benefit which they might otherwise derive from the school.

"Directors should also sustain the teacher in the government of his school. To do this effectually, the school should be frequently visted by some one or all of them. This should always be done at or near the commencement of the term ; when the scholars should be plainly told that no improper conduct could be allowed - that if any of them should disobey the requirements of the teacher they would, if unreclaimed by proper admonition, be dismissed from the school. It would be well for the Directors, at each subsequent visit, to make inquiries relative to the deportment of the scholars, and publicly admonish those who manifested a spirit of insubordination. If teachers would keep a daily register of the punctual attendance, and recitations of the scholars, to be exhibited to the Directors at each visit, much good would result. A knowledge of the fact that the Directors will faithfully discharge all of these duties will go far towards promoting the best interests of the school.

"Directors should hold free and frequent intercourse with the teacher in private, for the purpose of learning the particular state of the school, and for devising plans for its improvement. This will inspire him with zeal to prosecute his work with diligence. It is often the case that teachers commence their school with a good degree of ambition faithfully to discharge their duty. But soon find that they have the co-operation of no one. If faithful or unfaithful, no one is likely to know much about it. They soon become discouraged, and the temptation is strong to get through the quarter as easily as possible, and call it a bad job well over. Whereas, could they have had the co-operation of the Directors, the whole state of things would have worn a different aspect.

"The school law makes it the duty of this officer, before the spring election of township officers, to ascertain what sum of money is required to keep a free school in the township the ensuing year for at least six months. He is then to satisfy himself what amount of public funds will be furnished from the State Treasurer, from taxes and from lands, and, if from all these sources there is not money enough to support the schools free at least six months in each year, he, the township clerk, is bound by law and by his oath (because he is sworn to execute the law) to give public notice before the spring election of the amount of deficiency of school funds, and cause a vote to be taken by the people on the question whether the additional funds shall be raised by a tax on the property in the township or not.

"So far as information has reached me, a great majority of the townships where the vote was taken, have agreed to raise the money, and I hope that next spring every township clerk in the State will present the question as required by law to the people, so that they can vindicate themselves from the charge of beinghostile to universal education."

.-\greeably to previous notice, a large and respectable audience assembled in Convention at the Baptist Meeting House, at half past six o'clock P. M.

The exercises were opened by prayer by the Rev. Hiram Gear. Prof. Jewett offered a resoUition for the appointment of committees to report on the following subjects: - on which the chair named the gentlemen below :

1. On the expediency of forming an association for promoting the interests of Common School Education; and. if thought expedient, to present a con- .stitution for the same. - Prof. Jewett and Dr. S. Fuller.

A discussion then ensued on the following question : - Ought our Common Schools to be wholly supported by public funds.' In which Messrs. Ji.merson, Gear. Haensel, and Jewett took part, deciding in the

November 8, 1837. - The convention met agreeably to adjournment, was opened by Professor Allen. The Report of the ''Construction of School Houses" was read and accepted.

The following question was then presented for discus'-ion. Ought the Legislature now to raise the standard of qualifications for Teachers? After a debate, in which 'Messrs. Allen. Emerson, Douglas Putnam, and Ala.xwcU participated, it was voted that the further discussion of the question he postponed.

Rev. Mr. Gear addressed the Convention on the importance of the co-operation of parents with the teachers of their schools. Adjourned; two o'clock No\-. 8.

The Cnmniittee anpointed above, reported in favor of the expediency of forming an association for promoting the interests of Coiiunon School Education, and presented n constitution for the same. The constitution was read and adopted.

Resolved, That this convention recommend to the several townships within this county to form associations within their respective limits, au.xiliary to the "Washington County School Association."

Resolved, That the co-operation of parents, with the teach'-rs of their schools, is essential to successful efforts for the benefit of the scholars.

Resolved, That in the opinion of this convention the introduction of Vocal Music into our Common Schools would be highly conducive to the intellectual advancements, the moral elevation, and the individual and social happiness of the pupils.

The first semi-annual meeting of the Washington Cotinty School Association was held at the Baptist Church in Marietta, heginning Tuesday evening, May i, 1838. The president having briefly explained the objects of the Association, Hon. Ephraim Ctttler made a report on the application of the public school fund by the districts, which report was accepted. The following resolutions, offered by Professor Jewett, were adopted :

The question "Ought corporal punishment to be entirely discarded from our Common Schools?" was discussed by Messrs Slocomb, Jewett, Lionel Tenney, Lewis, Reed, and Hollister.

Dr. S. Fuller made a report on physiology as a branch of common school instruction, and the following question was discussed: "Ought emulation, as it generally exists in our Common Sghools, to be encouraged?" Messrs. Lionel Tenney, and Emerson were appointed a committee to report on "What motives are proper to be used in our schools in exciting scholars to study?"

The question "Ought the Legislature now to raise the standard of the qualifications of teachers?" was discussed by Messrs. Allen, Douglas Putnam, Lewis, Emerson, Hollister, and Linsley. An address was cicUvered by Professor Jewett on "the use of the Bible in Common Schools." Lionel Tenney made a report on "the best method of teaching English Grammar." After an address by Samuel Lewis, Esq., State Superintendent of Common Schools, the following resolutions were adopted, after which the meeting adjourned to meet in Belpre the first Tuesday of November following :

Resolved. That a committee of three be appointed to report at the next meeting of the Association whether it would be expedient to establish State institutions for the edncation of Common School Teachers - if it be deemed expedient, then to report on the 4)racticability of the measure, and present a detailed plan for establishing and regulating such institutions.

Resolved, That a like committee be appointed to report on the subject of School Liljraries for townships or districts with a plan for establishing and regulating same. Lionel Tenney, Dr. S. Fuller and David Deming, Committee.

Resolved, That a like committee be appointed to report what further improvements are required in Common Schools to insure for them the attention and patronage of those citizeiijs who now neglect such schools, as well the wealthy as all others. Professor Allen, T. Scott. Professor Maxwell. Committee.

Resolved, That a like committee be appointed to report on the expediency of circulating a Monthly Periodical at the expense of the State for all the school

Resolved, That in the opinion of this Association a firm and salutary discipline may ordinarily be maintained in our schools by the skillful employment of moral persuasion; and that the teacher should resort to corporal punishment only in cases of extremity and when all other proper modes of influencing the pupil have failed of success.

Resolved, That this Association highly approve of the measures adopted at the last session of our Legislature for promoting the interests of our Common Schools, especially that which secures the labors of an able and efficient Superintendent.

The following rules for the regulation of the Board of Directors of the Washington County School Association were adopted at the meeting of the Board January 12, 1838 :

1. It shall be the duty of the Board to cause at least two weeks public notice to be given before the holding of the semi-annual or annual meeting of the -Association. Also to assign the topics and subjects for lectures and discussions to the several speakers whom they may engage at least twenty cays previous to the meeting of the Association.

3. It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Board to keep ?. record of their proceedings. Also to put on file all instrument's of writing which may be submitted to him either by any member of the Board or of the society for their consideration, and read the 3ame in connection with the proceedings of the last meeting.

It will be noticed that the Board of Directors were required to assign topics and subjects for lectures and discussions to the several speakers whom they would engage. Therefore, preceding the meetings of the Association, meetings of the directors were held for this purpose.

The annual meeting of the Washington County School Association was held in the Presbyterian Church in Belpre, beginning Tuesday evening Noveiuber 6, 1838.

An address was delivered by Joseph Barker, Esq., giving a history of common schools in the early settlemait of the country. Beman Gates triade a report on "the introduction of Vocal Music into Common Schools." A discussion of the subject followed the acceptance of his report, in which Messrs. \\^illiam R. Browning. L. Lewis, E. Adams, J. J. Hollister, George Dana, Judge Loving, and thfi president participated. An addres? on "the influences of education upon the mind" was dehvered by W. W. Hartwell. Rev. Mr. Jolly made a report on "introducing moral and religious instruction into Common Schools,"' which report was accepted^ and then its subject matter discussed by Joseph Barker, Esq., William P. Putnam, L. Lewis, George Dana, Caleb Emerson, Rev. Mr. Kingsbury, J. J. Hollister and the president. The president of the Association delivereil an address on "School Discipline." Professor Allen, Rev. Mr. Gear, Theodore Scott, Caleb Emerson, William P. Cutler and the president were appointed a committee to prepare articles on the subject of common school education for the political papers of the count}'. Theodore Scott reported on the best methods of promoting common school instruction by the Association. A general discussion was had on the improvements necessary in common schools to insure for them the attention and patronage of every class of citizens, in which Professor Allen, Caleb Emerson, Professor Maxwell, William P. Putnam, C. Ames, Joseph Barker, Jr., Judge Loving, Rev. Mr. Jolly and George Dana participated. On motion of L. Lewis it was,

Rcs'-lvcd. That teachers generally m the County be requesterl to deliver lectures on the subject of Common School Education in their several school districts and thiit they forward the same to the Committee of Pubiicition.

Jr., - Newport David Deming, - Watcriovn Hapgood Goddard, - Wesley William P. Cutler, - Warren John Hemphill, - Roxbury Andrew Cline, - Liberty Joseph Barker, - Union Daniel G. Stanley, - Salem Rotheus Hay ward, - Waterford The second semi-annual meeting of the Washington County School Association was held in the Methodist Episcopal Church in Newport, beginning May 7, 1839. Gordon Battelle delivered an address on "the Universality of the claims of Education." Rev. Mr. Gear delivered an address on the connection between intellectual and moral culture. Air. Andrews delivered an address on the genera! subject of "School Instruction," aii'I Beman Gates, on request, made some remarks on the subject of "Vocal Music," with a plan of teaching the same in public schools. Rev. Mr. Strickland made a report on "the use of fixed questions in text books," which was discussed at length by Rev. Mr. Gear, Joseph Barker, Jr., George M. W^oodbridge, W. W. Hartwell, Caleb Emerson, Lionel Tenney, Mr. Kenney, Mr. Andrews and others. W. W. Hartwell presented a report on "the use of the blackboard," and in the discussion that followed, Caleb Emerson, Judge Barker, Professor Allen, Joseph Barker, Jr., Lionel Tenney and Mr. Kenney participated. Lionel Tenney presented a report on "the best method of teaching Geography." E. Kinney presented a report on "Mental Arith.metic," which was discussed at length by members of the Association. The meeting adjourned to meet in Marietta the first Tuesday in November.

At the meeting of the Board of Directors held October 11, 1839. addresses and reports were assigned to different members of the Association, and the president was. appointed to

The Washington County School Association met at the Baptist Church in Marietta November 5, 1839, for its annual meeting. An address on "the benefits of School Associations as a means of promoting the interests of Common Schools," prepared by Judge Barker, was read by George M. Woodbridge. Caleb Emerson delivered an address on the subject of "General Education," and Prof. Henry Smith gave an address on "the influences of popular education on our civil and religious institutions." E. Kinney presented a report on "Composition in Common Schools," and in the discussion that followed, Rev. Mr. Gear. William Slocomb, George M. Woodbridge, Lionel Tenney and G. Dana participated. William Slocomb, Rev. Joel H. Linsley. Rev. A. Darrow. George Dana, William A. Whittlesey, Beman Gates and Julius Deming were appointed delegates to the State Education Convention. Theodore Scott presented a report on "School Discipline," which was followed by a discussion. E. Adkins presented a report on "the evils of a want of punctual attendance in "Common Schools," which brought out a full discussion. Lionel Tenney reported on "the introduction of apparatus into our "Common Schools." The following resolutions were adopted at this meeting:

Kcsohcd, That the Directors of this Association be requested to employ a person to lecture on the subject of "Common Schools" in all the Townships in this County, f;nd take measures to defray the expenses by subscription or otherwise, as may be deemed most proper.

Ki-sokcd, That this Association recommend to the several school districts of this County, to purchase a box of apparatus for the use of their schools.

Kesolvrd, That the sever:il clergymen laboring within the county be requested to deliver addresses as they may have opportunity, on the importance of Common School instructicn; and also to use their inHuence in obtaining full meetings to attend the meetings of the lecturers appointed by the Directors.

The third semi-annual meeting of the \\'ashington County School Association met at the Cumberland Presbyterian Church at Beverly, commencing Tuesday, May 7, 1840. x\ report, prepared by John Woodbridge, on "the expediency of introducing the Bible into common schools" was read by Rev. Mr. Strickland. Professor Andrews offered the follow-

Ri'sohrii, That the introduction of any one mode of school government into our Common Schools should be a serious detriment to the cause of education.

Which, after a discussion, was laid on the table. Dr. S. Fuller delivered an address on "the influence of exercise and diet on the mind." The ciuestion, "Ought the Legislature now to raise the standard of qualifications of teachers?" was discussed by Professor Andrews, W. W. Hartwell, Rev. Mr. Strickland. S. B. Robinson, Dr. Baldwin, Mr. Prentiss and President Slocomb, and was decided in the affirmative. The question, "Is it expedient for teachers of Common Schools, in order to produce the greatest amount of usefulness, to deliver lectures upon the principles of civil government?" was discussed by Calel) Emerson and Mr, Cutler, and was decided in the afiirmative. A lecture was delivered by President Slocomb on "the responsibilities and dui6o

Resolved, That the introduction of any one mode of school government into our Common Schools would be a detriment to the cause of popular education.

The annual meeting of the Washington County School Association for 1840 began Tuesday evening, November loth. An address was delivered by President Slocomb on "the duties and responsibilities of teachers." Addresses were also delivered by Caleb Emerson, William D. Emerson and Lionel Tenney. Tlie address of William D. Emerson was on "the influence of education on the perpetuitv of our republican institutions." The following reports were presented: "The Jurisdiction of Teachers," by Amos Viller; "Improvements in Teaching," by Lionel Tenney; and "Rhetorical Reading" by Professor Andrews. "The relative importance of the study of English grammar in our Common Schools and High Schools" was discussed by Messrs. Perkins, Gear, Slocomb and Emerson. William Slocomb, Beman, Gates, Rev. H. Gear, Arius Nye, George M. Woodbridge, William P. Cutler and William R. Putnam. Jr., were appointed delegates to the State Convention to be held in Columbus the following December. The following officers and directors were elected for the ensuing year :

Jr., - Newport Daniel G. Stanley, - Salem Joseph Barker and Thomas Ridgway, - Union David Deming, - Watertown William P. Cutler, - Warren Hapgood Goddard, - Wesley John Dodge and Abel Vinton, - Waterford The fourth annual meeting of the Washington County School Association was held in the Baptist Church in Marietta, commencing November 2, 1841. The following addresses were delivered : "Qualifications of Teachers," by Prof. John Kendrick of Marietta College ; "Lnportance of the connection of moral with intellectual instruction in our" schools and colleges," by E. B. Perkins. William D. Emerson reported on "Lnprovements in Teaching," which was discussed at length by Rev. H. Gear, E. B. Perkins, Caleb Einerson, President Slocomb, A. Spaulding and Lionel Tenney. Professor Andrews reported on "the influence of different kinds of reading for the young," and the subject matter of the report was discussed at length by Caleb Emerson, E. B. Perkins, Professor Kendrick, Professor Maxwell, Rev. H. Gear, Professor Andrews and Lionel Tenney. A report was read on "the state of Common Schools in Washington County" by Joseph Barker, Jr. After its acceptance the following resolution was adopted on motion of Mr. Barker :

Resolved. That five solicitors be appointed to obtain funds which shall be opplied under the direction of the directors in the employment of agents to visit the different towns and districts in the county and deliver lectures on the subject of "Common School Education."

petition the Legislature tO' pass an act to prohibit any German school being taught to the exclusion of English in any district. Messrs. Gear, Emerson and Kendrick were appointed a committee "to report at the next annual meeting on the proper books to be used in the Common Schools of the County, with a list of the books they may recommend, and their reason for preferring them." It was decided that the next meeting would be held in Watertown, in the Presbyterian ]\Ieeting House, on the third Tuesday of May following. The following officers and directors were chosen for the ensuing year :

Resolved, That in the opinion of this Association it is desirable that the stu.dy of Natural Sciences be introduced into our Common Schools.

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to correspond with other School .Associations and friends of education, in order to secure their co-operalion in petitioning the Legislature to provide some more efficient mode than the one now adopted of visiting Common Schools.

discussion: - "Are teachers' drills practicable, and ought they to be encouraged at the present time, and recommended to the consideration of teachers?'' Messrs. Tenney, Burgess, Cutler, H. McClure, Kendrick, Emerson and J. J. Hollister participated in the debate.

On motion, the question was so amended as to substitute in place of the words "Teachers' drills," the words "Teachers' Associations for mutual improvement." The question as amended was then put to a vote, and carried in the affirmative.

Directors. Jonas Mason and Daniel Davis, - Adams William R. Browning and O. R. Loring, - Belpre Rev. R. Tenney and Thomas F. Stanley, - Fearing Theodore Scott, C. Shinman. John Crawford, William Slocomb and Douglas Putnam, - Marietta Charles, Dana and! E. Battelle, Jr., - Newport Ejihraim Gould. - Salem

L^nion William P. Cutler and R. D. Hollister, - Warren B. Shaw and John W. Dana. - Waterford Hiram Gard, - Ro.xbury Joseph Cay wood. - Lawrence

Resolved, That in the judgment of this Association no teacher ought to be considered as possessing the qualifications necessary to give instruction in the best Common Schools unless he can pass an examination

These resolutions were discussed by Messrs. Slocomb, Burgess, Caleb Emerson, Andrews, Kendrick, Tenney, Heath, Perkins and Smith. The first two were adopted, and the third laid ort the talkie.

The attention of the Association was called to the July meeting of Teachers' Institutes as now conducted in some portions of the State, and as recommended by the Secretary of State. On motion it was.

Resolved. That the Examiners of the County, together with L). E. Gardner, William P. Cutler, G. Dana ?.nd I. W. Andrews, be requested to make inquiries concerning the establishment of such a one at Marietta the coming fall. And should they deem the plan advisable, to take the necessary measures for carrying it into operation.

Resolved, That this A-^sociation irespectfully and carnf ^tly request the Board of Commissioners of Washington County to make the necessary appropriations for the support of a County Superintendent of Common Schools and a Teachers' Institute, the ensuing year, provided r.n act should be passed by the Legislature authoriz-ng the same.

Resoked. That the Secretary be instructed to present said resolution ito the Commissioners at their Spring Session and urge the motives for complying with its request.

Resolved. That this .Association request our Senator and Representative in the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, to procure the extension, to the County of Washington, of the provisions of an act, entitled "\n act to provide for the appointment of County Superintendent of Common Schools, etc." passed February 8, 1847. And also an act entitled "An act to encourage Teachers' Institutes," passed February 8, 1847. , I , ' '

Hon. William P. Cutler, Hon. R. E. Harte and Prof. John Kendrick were appointed a committee "to present the subject of appointing a County Superintendent before the County Commissioners - in case of failure of an appropriation from that source, said committee to endeavor to raise funds by subscription for the purpose."

Professor Andrews made a report on union schools, showing the great advantages of the system over the ordinary isolated districts, after which remarks on the same subject were made by Messrs. Kendrick, Slocomb and Perkins.

Resolved, That the best interests of education in Ohio demand ? thorough supervision of our schools ; and th?.t we hereby earnestly urge upon the attention of the Legislature the importance of the appointments of a State Superintendent, and such Assistant Distrirt Superintendents as from time to time may be necessary.

Resolved, That copies of the above resolution be transmitted to the Senator and Representative from this District, and that they be respectfully, yet earnestly, solicited to use their influence for the accomplishment of the object therein mentioned.

schools in Ashtabula County, was invited to address the Association. Mr. Bailey took for his subject: "Examination of Teachers," and showed the importance of having examinations conducted by the whole Board of Examiners, of having stated times, and of conducting the examinations mainlj- by written questions.

In Volume i, ot the OJiiu Journal of Education, the .Teachers' Institute, beginning at Marietta, November lo, 1851, is reported as having enrolled 104 members. The instructors, who in that dav served without pay, were, E. D. Kingsley, P.'R. Kendal, Rev. H. Bates, Beman Gates, I. W. Andrews and L. Andrews. Since that day, at the annual meeting of the Washington County Institute, the teachers have received instruction and encouragement from teachers widely known throughout the State and nation. For the last 35 years the fees received from teachers' examinations have furnished the funds sufficient to procure lecturers and instructors of the first class. For this means of support to the institute, the teachers of Ohio are largely indebted to the wise forethought of Hon. E. E. White, who now lives in Columbus. Besides the annual meeting, which has usually been held in Marietta, the teachers have had many local meetings, sometimes under the direction of the county committee; sometimes under the special township committee. In these, practical questions have been discussed and many teachers have found them even more profitable than the larger annual meeting.

William Slocomb

"Across the street was the home of William Slocomb, the veteran school teacher, and his brothers. Silas and John. But we must not pass with the mere mention of the name of William Slocomb. For many years he was the instructor of the youth in the upper part of the town. His place for teaching was in the old Academy building, which stood, until a few years ago, immediately north of the

Congregational Church building. His punishment of scholars in those days was of the old-fashioned kind, by feruling the hand and using the switch. But opinions sometimes change, and so did those of Mr. Slocomb, upon the subject of school government. Later in life he became the advocate of the abolition of corporal punishment in schools and the government of even the most unruly by moral suasion. We will here be allowed to relate an incident which occurred at a teachers' convention in Newport, after Mr. Slocomb's change of views. In a talk, of an hour's length, he denounced the whipping of scholars and advocated milder means. After the completion of this talk, a young man, who had once been his scholar and many times felt the weight of the ruler and the sting of the switch, had the temerity to speak of this and to make light of the change of views of the old gentleman. Among other things, he said that within the radius of an eighth of a mile of the old Academy building there could not be found a straight limb, as in the early growth of the trees switches had been plucked for the use of the teacher. Aroused by this unwarranted attack of his former scholar, the old-time teacher arose and excitedly remarked : 'Yes, I well remember the school boy days of the last speaker, and never until now could determine whether I punished him too much or too little. But this much I do know, that in this case either was a failure.' "

The most improved forward step made in our district schools has been the organization of the township high school with the principal as superintendent of schools. In 1888 Marietta township, which included all the territory of the township outside of the separate districts of Marietta and Harmar, resolved to build a high school at Sand Hill. Fortunately for this Board of Education, John T. Dufif, a superintendent who had had much experience in grading and managing public schools, was by his private business called back to this countv- He was invited to take charee of the schools of this township and in a very short time he had the high school in good running order and the district schools well graded. One of the patrons of this school said, that at the close of the first year he had saved enough in the board and traveling expenses of his children to pay for the entire cost of the high school. His successors have been H. E. Smith, H. C. Frye, C. C. Smith, L. E. Booher and F. L. Maury. Already a small library has been collected in each sub-district.

Waterford township followed the good example set by Marietta and established a high school in 1894 with C. S. Joseph as principal and superintendent. ]\Ir. Joseph taught the school five days in the week, from Tuesday to Saturday inclusive and spent Monday in visiting the district schools, making the task a heavy one for him, but he discharged his duties in a creditable manner and left the schools of all grades in good order for his successor, L. E. Booher.

It is said that Wesley township is also about to adopt the plan of a township high school, with the veteran teacher, Patrick Henry, as principal.

In some other townships, the separate district or the village school has served the purpose of a central high school, especially since the law has been so framed, as to requiring the payment of tuition for those pupils who have passed the common school examination. Lowell, in Adams township, has a graded school with a high school course. It has been reported in the State Commissioner's Report since 1888: Supts. J. L. Jordon and D. A. Leake.

The same year, Macksburg appears in the state report with F. P. Wheeler as superintendent. W- E. Ellison and C. C. White have been his successors.

In Belpre township what was probably the first circulating library in the Northwest Territory was established. The books were probably brought by Col. Israel Putnam in 1795. For many years this library of formidable books was a very improved educational factor in that township. At last they were distributed among the share-owners and it is said that some of them are preserved to this day. Belpre school as a separate district was first reported in 1872; the following names appear in the list of superintendents, in the order here given, - E. S. Cox, L. D. Brown, \\\ N. Spencer, C. K. Wells, J. G. Schofield. C. E. Keyes, Frank P. Ames, J. C. Barnes, E. D. Albright, C. E. Githeus, E. K. Barnes, M. L. Fearnow, and S. E. Weaver.

In Fearing township, Stanleyville, near the center, is a separate district and contains a school partially graded. In Grandview separate district, first reported to the State Commissioner in 1884, P. L. Topic, R. K. Walton, and J. F. Hannun, have successively served as superintendents. Newport separate district appears in the State Report after 1885 and its superintendents have been : G. W. Welty, J. W. McDaniel, L. E. Booher, F. J.' Bailey, H. C. McKinney, and W. E. Seabock. Their first union school building was destroyed by fire, but they now have a new and commodious structure amply sufficient for the growth of the town.

New Matamoras has the following list of superintendents, beginning in 1889: John H. Martin, A. D. Hoffer, D. F. Grier, C. C. Middleswart, S. A. Wiggins, C. W. True, and C. E. Caldwell. They have a large and commodious building and a school attendance next to Marietta.

Harmar, as a separate district from 1866 to 1890, reported the following superintendents, - T- F. Lukens, M. R. Andrews, John T. Dufif^ N. M. McLaughlin, Jefferson Heston, J. D. Phillips, H. A. Meyers, and J. L. Jordan. Since that time it has been a part of the Marietta City district.

Beverly began as a separate district in 1854 with John Tarbell as teacher of the upper grades. It began the formation of a district Hbrary with the State donation in 1885. Its superintendents have been: Z. G. Budee, Jefferson Heston, T. C. Ryan and the present incumbent, J. F. Wagner, who has been in service in that position since 1889 and is therefore in years of service the ranking superintendent in the county.

The plan of union schools adopted by Akron in 1847 was quickly followed by other townships in the State. In May, 1849, the schools of Marietta were organized on the union plan. The very name is suggestive of a change which those of the present generation can hardly understand. Why union schools? Simply because at that time there were five separate districts in Marietta, each with its own ungraded school, having no more connection one with the other than do the sub-districts in a township. In fact, not nearly so much as the sub-districts now have under the present law. These five separate districts were united, that is, formed into a union of schools, which rendered graded schools possible. The first Board of Education consisted of Dr. I. W. Andrews. T. W. Ewart, R. E. Harte, Lucius Brigham, E. H. Allen, and Robert Crawford. Theodore Scott, who for many years taught a private school in Marietta, was the first teacher of the grammar schools. As a natural result of a system of graded schools, a high school was found necessary and organized in 1850 with E. D. Kingsley as principal of the school and superintendent of all the schools. In 1855 Hon. M. D. Follett took charge of the schools, teaching in the high school until 1857, when he resigned to begin the practice of law.

For many years ^Marietta had no general superintendent of schools but the principal of each school building had general charge over the group of schools in his building, while the principal of the high school e.xamined pupils for promotion to that grade. This system would hardly have been possible had not such members of the School Board as Dr. I. W. Andrews, Dr. John Boyd and others, performed many of the duties in the general management which now devolves upon a superintendent.

In 1873 Supt. E. A. Jones, of Massillon, was called to take charge of the Marietta schools but after two years of very successful service he returned to his former home where he is still superintendent of schools. From 1879 until 1 89 1 C. K. Wells was superintendent. He was succeeded by W. W. Boyd and he in turn by H. G. Williams in 1898. In 1902 Mr. Williams resigned his position to accept that of dean of the new Normal School connected with Ohio University and J. V. McMillan was elected in his place.

The Ohio Bible Society was organized at Marietta, October 22, 1812, with Gen. Rufus Putnam, president; Rev. Lyman Potter (of Steubenville) vice-president; David Putnam, treasurer; and Samuel P. Robbins, secretary.

"The directors of the Washington County Bible Society, in presenting their sixth annual report, would express their grateful acknowleclgements to the Father of all our mercies that the}- have been spared to meet the members of the Society at this anniversary. In reviewing the operations of the past year, the Directors deeply regret that they have effected so little in the great cause in which they are engaged. Our labors have been far disproportioned to the wants of the destitute. While we belie\'e that the operation of the Society has not Ijeen without its benefits, we must at the same time confess that the exertions, which have been made for the circulation of the Scriptures within the County, have been far less than what our ability and our duty requires of us. We have looked forward with pleasure to this annual meeting, as a new era in the history of our operations, or those of our successors, and we believe that our exi^ectations will not be disappointed.

"At the time of our last annual report, the Society had funds to the amount of $18.45, and a small supply of Bibles and Testaments. Since then we have purchased of the Ohio Bible Society 71 Bibles and 96 Testaments, at a cost of $88.98. There have been issued from the depository during the past year, 60 Bibles and 102 Testaments, making the whole number since the commencement of the institution 316 Bibles and 465 Testaments. Some probably yet remain in the hands of agents, but the exact number we cannot state. Twenty-five Bibles and 19 Testaments have been distributed gratuitously since the last annual report. The receipts into the treasury during the past year have amounted to $106.12 1-2 of which $39.50 were received on subscription, and $66.62^ for sales of Bibles and Testaments, and from the estate of the late treasurer. We have at present on hand 17 Bibles and 36 Testaments, and funds to the amount of $35.59-"

"At the meeting of the directors last February they made the necessary arrangements for the purchase of Bibles, and appointed two of their number as the general agents of the Society, one on the east, and the other on the west side of the Muskingum, to whom was entrusted, under the direction of the Board, the p(>wer and duty of appointing subordinate agents in such parts of the <:ounty as they might think fit, and supplying them with Bibles for distribution. In the execution of this business, your Directors and general agents have met with many ditificulties, but none such as materially to retard the work. They have great reason to be thankful to God, that the difificulties have not been greater, but that the work has been accomplished to the extent that we have previously mentioned. In our last annual report we Estimated the number of families in the county, destitute of the Bible, at 300; a number then thought by many, to have been far too great ; but so far from having been so, it falls far short of what has been found to be true. The number of Bibles distributed by our agents in several townships, by donation, sale for cash, and on credit, is as follows :

"In addition to the above, a considerable number have been sold and distributed directly by the general agents. The number of Bibles donated is about 120; of the balance, a large proportion have been sold on credit, and for many of which the Society will never receive the payment. We have not the means of stating the exact number of families, who were found to be destitute, as in some cases the agent sold Bibles to those who were previously in possession of one, but we feel safe in saying that the number exceeds 450. In the township of Grandview, the number of destitute families was estimated by our agent there at 10. It will be seen above that 35 have been distributed there, nearly, if not quite, all of which were among the destitute.

"The manner in which these Bibles have been received, though in some cases such as to cause Christians to mourn, have, in others, been attended with pleasing circumstances. One of our agents states that in many instances the Bible was received with evident tokens of gratitude, and thankfulness to the Society; while in others, but few cases, with the most valuable library. The collections of books is marked opposition.'" I large, and the selection of them has been able

Puiilic Notice

Is hereby given that a meeting of the friends of morality and religion \vi!i be held on Thursday c^ening. the 22nd inst., at 6 o'clock, in the Methodist Meeting House, for the purpose of organizing a Union to promote the observance of the Christian Sabbath. The attendance of all the friends of the Sabbath is respectfully invited.

Also, notice is given that the same evening a Committee will make report upon the necessity and expediency of torming a Society for the promotion of temperance.

"Is one which bears no light testimony to the standard of literature in this town. The Association is composed generally of members resident in town, who are stockholders. They possess an excellent library, containing none but choice and valuable worksj comprehending history, biography, travels, belle lettres, natural and moral philosophy, standard works on the arts and sciences, the most authentic and genuine authors on law, medicine, and theology ; as also files of the ablest reviews, and journals of the present day, while at the same time "light reading," in general, is rejected. Here may be found a rich repast for all who love a mental feast. And much credit does it reflect on that to the valuable collections now in use, new and important additions are constantly being made. A very neat and cornmodious building containing three rooms: two offices which are rented, and the Library Hall, the depository of the library : the upper story forming one large arched room, which is occupied by the ^Marietta Lyceum, as also by two of the religious societies of the town. Long mav this institution flourish, and continue to prove of interst and improvement fo all.

"Another instance of the taste for literature, which Marietta possesses, may be noticed in the fact that the L'niversalist Society devotes the property which annually accrues to its treasury, to the acquisition of an extensive and

"Is an institution well calculated for the extensive diffusion of useful knowledge. It was founded nearly three years ago, and has at present on its register the names of 85 members. Regular meetings are held, at which are occasionally delivered lectures on chemistry, and other subjects connected with natural philosophy and history, with the improvements constantly making in the arts, and discoveries in the sciences, and on many other subjects of interest and importance. Discussions are regularly held for the improvement and pleasure of the members. The Lyceum has in its possession a handsome electrical apparatus; and measures have been taken to design a map of Marietta and vicinity, which will probably be published at a future period by this institution.

"We might refer to other societies of less note, which, like small rills, tend in their consequence, to help pour forth their tribute of knowledge and learning in the common cause of education, and point out the 'Phila-^Mathesian Society,' and the "Society of Inquiry," - both formed and sustained by the young gentlemen pursuing their collegiate studies at the Institute, but we hesitate to intrude further on our readers' attention at this time."'

To Incorporate the First Mechanics' Lyceum of Marietta, in the Countv of Washington. Sec. I. Be if ciuicfej bv the General Assembly of the State of Ohio. That John Graincr, Robert Johnson. Marcellus J. Morse. Hugh Hill, Robert Smith, George Lee, Lewis S. Greuzard. Francis H. Johnson and their associates, and those who may be associated with them hereafter, be, and they are hereby, created a body corpora'e and politic, by the name and style of the "First Mechanics' Lyceum of Marietta:" and by such name shall have perpetual succession, be capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded, in any court of law or equity ; they ma)- have

MR. editor: - x\ttracted by curiosity, I have several times attended the discussion of various subjects, by the members of this society (Mechanics' Lyceum), and I can assure you that I have spent but few evenings more pleasantly. As its name indicates, it is composed exclusively of mechanics, mostly of young men, who in their debates evinced a degree of skill and eloquence worthy of praise. The frecjuent reference to historical authors shows that the art of public speaking is not the only good to be derived from a society of this kind. To furnish arguments for debate requires much study, and the amount of useful information thereby obtained can never be lost. It is indeed a cheering sight to see our young men, instead of partaking of the sinful pleasures of the card table, or the chequer board, instead of wasting their time at the grocery or the tavern, thus wisely devote their leisure hours to the pursuit of knowledge. To the originators of this society too much praise cannot be awarded, and under difficulties, which to many appeared insurmountable, they preserved and complete success has crowned their efforts. The society, I understand, numbers about 75 members, who for intelligence and polemic skill are unequalled by any lyceum which it has been my fortune to visit. These few remarks, thus loosely thrown together, may serve to call the attention of our citizens to this society, which has sprang into existence as if by magic, and which is capable, and I doubt not will produce beneficial results. Societies of this kind should be encouraged by every means in our power, and I am confident -will be bv the citizens of Marietta."

There will be a public debate at the Masonic Hall, on the evening of thr- 7th day of April, commencing at 6 o'clock, when the following question will be discussed, viz. : "Have the Catholics been more perse- -cuted than all other denominations combined (the

Concert

A Concert of Instrumental and Vocal Music will be given by the Marietta Town Band, under the direction of their instructor and leader, at the Presbyterian Church on 'Monday evening, April 8th, commencing at 7 o'clock. The assistance of a first rate Pianist is engaged for the occasion.

An address on the subject of Music, will be delivered by Mr. Beman Gates. Further particulars of the performance will be made known by a bill. Tickets at twenty-five cents each may be had of the Treasurer at the store of Messrs. Edg«rton & Woodbridge.

"Mr. Prentiss - You will oblige a friend of the youth 'of our to\\'n and county by publishing the following - which is for the particular notice of parents, guardians and instructors, and is well worthy of their consideration.

"We believe that the slight regard in which strict truth is held among mankind is principally owing to tlie lies which are told to children by their parents during the first few years of their lives. Then is the time that permanent impressions may be as well made as at any later period. It is then, probable, that wlhat is called the natural propensity of a child is unfolded. Many persons who have a great abhorrence of lying, and whip their children if they detect them in it, yet make no scruple of telling and acting to them the most atrocious falsehoods. There are but a few parents who dO' this in a greater or less degree, though doubtless without dreaming they are guilty of criminal deception. With many the whole business of managing their children is a piece of mere artifice and trick. They are cheated in their amusements, cheated in their food, cheated in their dress. Lies are told them to do anything that is disagreeable. If a child is to take physic, the mother tells him that she has something good for him to drink; if reluctant, she says she will send for the doctor to cut off his ears, or pull his teeth, or that she will go away and leave him, and a thousand things of the same kind, each of which may deceive once and answer the present purpose. Parents are too apt to endeavor to pacify their children by making promises of a ride, or a walk, or something else which Avill please them, but without any intaition of gratifying them. This is lying, downright lying. People think nothing of breaking their promises to children, if the performance be not perfectly convenient. But they are the last persons to whom promises should be broken, because they can not comprehend the reason, if there be one, why they are not kept. Such pro-mises sho'Uld be scru- Ijulously redeemed, thougli at a great inconvenience, and even when inadvertently made. For the child's moral habit is of infinitely more consequence than any such inconvenience can be to the parent."

Carley, P'Jrdy

It consists of the Asiatic ^Lion and Lioness, African Camels, male and female, Hunting Leopard of Asia, N. American Panther and Pantheress, Brazilian Tiger, Peruvian Llamas, male and female, Hyena of Etihopia, African Lion, Kangaroo, of New Holland, Zebra from the Cape of Good Hope, Prairie Wolf, and a largo variety of small Animals.

At II o'clock A. M. and 4 P. JM. the keeper of the Asiatic Lion and Lioness will enter their respective cages! Immediately preceding which the Camels, Ponies, Monkies and Llamas, will be exercised in the ring. At 5 P. M the Lions will be fed in the presence of the audience.

The whole will be exhibited under a Pavilion - Seats will be prepared for the Ladies - good order enforced, and every exertion used by the Proprietors to amuse and accommodate all visitors.

German Language

Mr. JNIeyer, respectfully informs the Ladies and Gentlemen of Marietta, that he designs, if sufficient be given, to establish" himself in this town, as a teacher in German.

All persons who are desirous of embracing this opportunity of obtainijig a knowdedge of the German Language, will please meet at the Library Hall, on Monday evening at seven o'clock.

Sabbath-Schools

The Society in Mairietta for the Promotion of Good Morals, organized in 1814, made a long report of its work in 1819. From this report we make a few quotations:

"In April, 1817, the Society resolved to patronize Sunday-schools, and appointed a committee to establish and superintend two or more Sunda\--schools in the town. On the nth of May, 1817, three schools were organized and opened in Marietta; one, at Buell's school room, under the superintendence of William Slocomb; one at the ]\Iuskingum Academy, under the care of E. Huntington; and one at Point Harmar, under the charge of Dr. Cotton. To each of these schools several young gentlemen and ladies were engaged and attached as assistant teachers.

"The learners were employed in reading the Scriptures, committing portions to- memory, and in such other lessons as are usually taught in such institutions. Several commenced with the alphabet and made good proficiency. The schools were continued 20 Sabbaths, to the last in September, when the season rendered it inconvenient for the children to asseinble, on account of the distance som'e of theml had to go.

"In 1818 only two schools were opened; one at the Muskingum Academy, under' the care of Mr. Slocomb, and the other at Point Harmar under the superintendence of Mr. Judson. To the school in the Muskingum Academy 130 v.ere admitted and to the one at Point Harmar, 78.

They also make note of the fact that Mrs. Hannah Mathews had through the summer of 1819 maintained a Sunday-school on the Muskingum, six miles above Marietta, and that Miss Sophia Barker had done the same not far away on the other side of the river.

Proceedings of the Board of Commissioners for Schools in the county of \Vashingt®n at their annual meeting held October 4, 1820, and Exhibition of the Sabbath-schools :

"The members of the Board and of the Sabbath-school Committee con\-ened at the Congregational Meeting House in Marietta where the following report was read and accepted,

It is deemed unnecessary by your committee in making tlieir report, to address any arguments to prove the utility of Sabbath-schools. This would be endeavoring to produce a point which has repeatedly been established, and may we not add, of which you have had ocular demonstration.

Vour committee made the necessary arrangements for opening the school in the town early in the season, which commenced on the third Sabbath in October. William HolyoUe has had the charge of the school at the Muskingum .Academy, William Slocomb, on Point Harniar, and Wyllys Hall and Miss Sally Emerson at the upper point. The number of scholars who have regularly attended through the season is about 175.

Owing to the propensity which has existed in the schools generally to commit more to memory than would be done in a proper manner, ycur committee were induced to recommend that 25 verses be considered a day's lesson

"A conlmunication was received from Rev. William; Boies, of Waterford. stating that during the summer months four Sabbathschools had been kept at Waterford, and three at Wooster.

"It was further stated that much satisfaction was felt at the flattering success that had attended the first attempt to establish Sabbath-schools in that vicinity, and that strong desires had been expressed that tliey should commence earlier in the opening of another spring." i 1 -

Sunday-School Notice

The friends of Sunday-schools in the County of Waghington are iniformed that a County Sundayschool Union, has been formed auxiliary to the Amer- . ican Sunday-School Union, for the purpose of aiding m the establishment of Sunday-schools in the several townships within the County, and furnishing suitable Books for Libraries.

Any Township, or District Union, on becoming auxiliary to the County Union, and paving one dollar into its treasury, will be furnished with Books at reduced prices, and also be entitled to a loan from the Library of Books, to half the amount of those purchased.

It is hoped that all who are interested in the instruction of the rising generation in useful knowledge, will avail themselves of the facilities now oiifered for accomplishing that benevolent object.

The Sabbath Schools connected with the various denominations in Marietta and the surrounding country are invited to unite in celebrating the anniversary of our National Independence, on the 4th of July next. The Schools are requested to meet at the Court House in Marietta, at 10 o'clock A. M. precisely, where a procession will be formed immediately, and accompanied by a Band of Music will proceed to the First Congregational Church, where the Declaration of Independence will be read, and addresses appropriate to the occasion will be delivered ; after which the procession will be again formed, and repair to the grove on Second street, where suitable refreshments will be provided.

Society For The Promotion Of Temperance

Preamble. - Believing that the use of intoxicating liquors for persons in health, is not only unnecessary, but hurtful - being injurious to health and vigor of body, the property, reputation and happiness of individuals and families, as we!' as to the moral character of sojiety in general; therefore, resolved, that both for our own good and the benefit of the community in which we live, we the subscribers form ourselves into a .'ociety and adopt the following Constitution:

Article 2. The Society shall consist of all those persons of sixteen years old and upwards, who will sign this Preamble. Constitution and Pledge.

Article 3. The officers of the Society Shall be a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary and Treasurer, an Executive Committee of four members, who together shall form a Board to devise such means and prosecute such measures as they may deem ex- pedient to promote the general objects of the Society as expressed in this Constitution, with power to fill all vacancies in their own body.

.-\rticle 4. It shall be the duty of the President, and in his absence, a \"ice-President, to preside at all meetings of the Society, and of the Board, and to call special meetings when requested by the Board or any five members of the Society.

Article 3. It shall lie the duty of the Secretary to keep a copy of the Constitution in a book for that purpo.se, record the name- of the officers and members, record also the transactions of the Society, and conduct its correspondence.

Article 8. We, the suli-cnhcr-, pkilge ourseK'es to abstain entirely from drinking ardent spirits, except as a medicine, and that, in all suitable ways, we will lend our influence for the promotion of temperance.

"The Society 'of ilarietta for the Promotion of Temperance was organized April 13, 1829. The foregoing constitution had been adopted as the constitution of the Society at a verA' large and respectable meeting of the citizens of this place previously held. The number of members at present is about 125. with the prospect that many more will yet be added. The success of the Society thus far has transcended our most sanguine expectations. A great change has been wrought and is still , taking place in relation tu the suhject of temperance and the high impnrtance nf using every means to promote it among ourselves and in the community in general. And we are not alone. A general excitem'ent prevails upon this subject throughout our land. The nation begins to awake to the evils which threaten us as a people. Enquiry is aroused - public opinion is undergoing a rapid change ^nd the press has become a most powerful auxiliary to the good cause. Societies have been formed in almost every part of the Union for the promotion of temperance, with a view of checking the evils of intemperarjce which ha\-e come in upon us like a flood and which have threatened to sweep away the bulwarks of our free institutions. The only safety of our republic is in her public virtue. Without this our government must fall. With out this our beloved land will become one wide waste of moral and political desolation. The appeal of the temperance cause is to the very heart of every patriot and every lover of his countiy and of her free institutions, because its sole object is to diminish the causes that threaten to undermine and corrupt the virtue of the community.

"We understand that three other temperance societies are already formed in this county. A\'e hope other places will follow immediately the example, until one is formed in every townsh.ip in the county. Other counties in this State are moving forward n(jbh- to this work : and surely Washington - the oldest county in the State - should not be the last in a cause \\hich ci .mmends itself to the approbation of ever}- thmking man.

"Let but the community in general awake to the importance of this whole subject to the vital interest of the present and future generations, and the five hundred societies which already exist would soon be increased to five thousand - and five times five thousand.

"The Board of Directors of the Marictia Temperance Society have taken measures to procure some of the ablest productions on the subject of temperance which have been lately published, and probabl}- will be able to furnish individuals or S(i:ieties with a few copies, aside from those which tliey hope to circulate amonq- their own fellow citizens."

A special meeting of the Marietta Society for the Promotion ot Temperance, will be held at the Methodist Meeting House on Wednesday, July 14, 1830. at five o'clock, P, M. An address will be delivered. Members are requested and citizens invited to attend. E. Emerson, President.

"It \vas found upon thorougli and minute investigation, that, during the year which preceded the fonnation of this Society, according to the most accurate estimate that could be made, not less than 790 barrels of ardent spirit were sold by wholesale and retail to the inhabitants of this town and county, and were consumed within these limits. The Avholesale cost of this amount of ardent spirit AVas estimated at not less than $5,600.

"In this estimate no account was made the ardent spirit sold at retail in the groceries and taverns of the town. If this had Leen reckoned there is no doubt the quantity cost of the whole would ha\-e been \-ery m'ucl".. increased. We ha\-e reasons to doubt that the estimated amount of sales was much below tiie truth as it was then reported.

"Within a few days last past the Board ha\-e taken measures to have a minute and exact investigation of the amount of salewithin the last year to the town and county, from all stores, taverns and groceries in Marietta who deal in the article; and from the most acciu-ate estimate, that can be made, they find that the whole numiber of barrels sold to the town and county within the last year is 310. The cost of the whole, reckoning it an average wholesale price, namely, 20 cents a gallon, the same price at which the former estimate was made, is $2,170, showing a reduction in the sales of $3,430. And they have reason to believe that this whole sum has been actually saved to this town and county within the past year."

"We know not when we have passed a more agreeable hour than on the morning of Tuesday last, at the school room of our friends, Mir. Lionel Tenney and his accomplished lady, the distinguished principals of the Female Seminary of this city. We had availed ourselves of the courtesv of an invitation to be present at the Examination with no slight anticipation of pleasure ; for we had heard many things to the credit of the institution; but we must confess we were by no mieans prepared for much that we listened to and witnessed. Did our limits permit, it would afford us pleasure to detail in order all the exercises of the Examination. As is the case, however, we have space tO' refer only to the "Scrap Book," in which were recorded some of the literary productic^ns of the young ladies of the Seminary, both in verse and in prose; and we must be permitted to observe, that some of the articles to which we listened would ornament the columns of any periodical in the land. The subjoined, which we are suffered to lay before our readers, and for which we are sure of their thanks, is a perfect gem, in its way. It is hardly inferior to the celebrated lines of Caroline Bowles on a subject similar. It is from the pen of a young lady of this city who, if she choose, may win a bright and enduring fame. Our columns are always open to her.

o'c;r, - He will need the kind watching of strangers no more : They have laid him asleep in his coffin to rest, With his little cold hands gently clasped on his breast.

His fair brow wears a sadness so chastened and mild. One wonld know that he gazed on a motherless child. Oh ! why was that mother thus hurried away, From the tender mercies that courted her stay?

Had Love's i>ower no magic to loosen the clasp That was freezing her heart by its withering grasp? Could not that babe's wailing the mother have stayed: No ! the summons had come and it must be obeyed.'

With a calm resignation she yielded her breath. And triumphantly trod the "dark valley of death." Like a fair smiling blossom she passed in an hour. And the bud in its freshness soon followed the flower.

Me thought as it breather its young spirit away. That a fair hright-winged seraph bent over his clay : - That she tuned in its ear a glad song of the blest, .-\nd then bore the sweet cherub away on her breast.'' - Flor.\.

The public of Marietta, Harmar, and vicinity, are respectfully informed that on Monday next, August 23d, the exhibition of Miss A, M. Martui's Paintings will commence in Marietta, in the house lately occupied by Charles Sullivan. Esq.. on Second street, where it will continue for a short time only, previous to proceeding down the river. The rooms will be opened every day, between the hours of 10 and 12 A. M. and 2 and 4 P. M. There will also be an evening exhibition twice a week, on .Mondays and Thursdays, from 7 till 9, when Music will be in attendance.

"Mr. Editor: - I liad the pleasure, the other e\-ening, of visiting INIiss Martin'.s paintings, which are now being exliihited in this place. I had heard them spoken of in terms of high commendation before, and of course was prepared to expect a delectable treat. But I must admit that niy anticipations were more than realized. The singularly judicious taste with which they were got up - the neat arrangement - together with all the minute shades and colorings of the various parts - display ingenuity and skill (if I should be the judge), rarely surpassed, especially for one of her years and o^iportunities - or rather want of opportunities. '

Schemes For The Betterment Of Mankind

From time to time the public have been about various schemes for the betterment of mankind. On the 14th of June, 1825, Robert Owen, an enthusiastic philanthropist and a friend of the poor and toiler, arri\-ed in Marietta. By request he delivered a discourse at the Court House, which w^as very interesting. He explained, as much as possible in the limited time, his new system of society which he was about to introduce into this country. Mr. Owen at that time was about to found a new society at Harmony where all might have equal advantages. The design \\as worthy of the generous founder, but human nature with its sloth and selfishness proved stronger than his bene\-olent theories.

In the intellectual development of a community, the eccentric genius who is usually considered a "crank" may sometimes perform a useful service. He may at least awaken curiosity. The following is a fair sam,ple of notices which were published by Mr. Page in 1822; and occasionally for many years thereafter :

I have consecrated a free church in Marietta by bowing seven times to the intellectual Sun. I invite a general attendance of enrolled members at the Court House every Sunday and Wednesday evening at early candle light. Controversy is inadmissible: but each member in rotation may (unless he declines it) sing, preach, or read from any book he pleases, and in union with any religious opinions, he may entertain, during his fifteen minutes. The church government is a pure democratic level. Much and various music is expected.

Another New Theory

There is at present a person in this city, calling him-elf by the name of Edward Postlethwayt Page, who wears a long and ample black gown, an unshaven beard, and snbs'sts after the manner of the priests of Brahma, upon cold vegetables and water. He profes'^cs the sciences of Astrology. Magis and Geometry, and is confident he can remove the thick veil of ignorance which has been ihekl before the eyes of the world for centuries. He lays great stre-^s upon his discoveries of the numerical exposition of the Chaldee -A.strologer's Alphabet, in his opinion llie mo-t -rand and mvalu.able mystery of the fauMU- Z.h1i;i.- -t Dm, bra. We have been favored with ^evrral ,,| In- r~-;i^.. wlncli however we have declined [n'bli^lnnv;", I'iraii-.r x\ a- are imt willing to lend currency ;.. (h.al which k biNnnd tihe limits of our comprehenvoii. 1 1,.. u-rni - hnii^ilf. "High Prien of 'Nature," and hnhU ,1 ret;ular or irregular doctrine termed "The Elencnnan Code." All the truths which the ancient Egyptians knew, he professes to understand. He has lately been traveling over the U. States. last at the new settlement of the Valley Forge, making converts, and intends journeying on in his work with patience and industry. He is about to publish several works, to which several learned and scientific professors of Xew York and Philadelphia have subscribed ; amongst others, we observe one with the following title - "The Jew's Harp, of Nature - opening the Sibil - our Bible's terrible Books - announcing the death of Christendom in seven years." Mr. P. himself informed us. the results of his scienres are -o terrible in their nature, that we desire to learn nothing more of them. The world has now something el^e besides Capt. Symmes to talk of. - Philaiirlhhia Frcciiurit's Journal.

The "Scientific Comiuonwealth," over which I preside (and Sol. like the head of anybody, must guide the re-t It ihe ]buiit-). lia-; c mmenced at Emblem Town, MM-; ir!.- ir. Ill M.irielta. between Duck Creek and Mu-.kiiiL'ii:n Ri'.er ; ,iiid ^e""er:il, taiiiilies are now in tuil en-, peratinn. .iie f,>r all : - all fur nne ! - Mv -school begins thi^ week. >'v"e reeeive .cbnkir. tri board. X;.. on moderate terms; miilual in-tnielinii mir nietlmd. with ils monitorial discipline. - Hut we inculcate no other religion than that of nature, and reverence to the Great Spirit of the Uni\ ersc : by which \vc learn to love each other, and do all the good we can.

'Do me the favor to publish this communication. Not that we seek members. Too many, alas ! will seek us. The Community I was three months associated with at Valley Forge, near Philadelphia, was overwhelmed by a ru^h of importunate applicants, and there was not fortitude enough to refuse them. All that have failed have been surcharged in the couuiiencement.