Washington County, Ohio - Chapter 25: The War of 1812, 1902

Chapter 25: The War of 1812

Cause of the War - Attitude of the Federalists - Situation in Washington County - Why the Draft was Resorted to - Battle of Tippecanoe - Expedition of General Hull - Surrender of Hull - Call for Troops - Expedition of Gen. Edward W. Tupper - Companies from Washington County - Siege of Fort Erie - Perry's Victory - Proctor and Tecumseh Defeated by Harrison - Battle of New Orleans and Treaty of Peace - Rolls of Washington County Companies - Biographical Sketches of Officers.

Ohio had been settled 24 years when the war with Great Britain broke out. Some progress had been made in subduing the wilderness, numerous settlements had been formed, new counties organized, and the census of iSio shows that, with an area of four thousand square miles, she had at that time but 230,769 inhabitants, and Washington County, by the same census, 5,991. A large part of the State was still in its natural condition, and part of it held by tribes of Indians. The settled portion was all southeast of a line drawn from Cleveland in a southwesterly direction. It was through this wild country that the soldiers of 1 81 2 marched to the falls of the Ohio, at Louisville; and the gratitude of the country is due to them not so much for the amount of the fighting done as for the hardships endured in traversing these pathless forests and holding important posts on the far frontier. In those days the facilities for travel Avere limited, horses and wagons were scarce, while clothing and all the equipments of an army were difiicult to provide so far from the base of supply, and niiuch of it, when obtained, was not suitable for the kind of service demanded - that of fighting Indians, marching through dense forests, tangled thickets and extended swamps. The people of the Xtorthwest Territory had always been accustomed to the maintenance of a war-like attitude. The young State of Ohio had a well-organized militia, and the service of a militiaman in those days meant something. They had, from 1790 to 1795, a fierce war with a powerful combination of Indians, including the Aliamis, Wyandots, Delawares, Pottawatomies, Shawnees, Chippewas, Ottawas and othi er tribes of the Territors-, all under the great Aliami chief, ]\Iichikiniqua, whose warcry was, "Drive the white man east of the Ohio." Gen. Anthony Wavne, August 20, 1794, had totally defeated themi on the ]\Iiami ; and since the treaty with them at Greenville, August 3, 1795, the Indians had not molested the settlements until the beginning of the war we are now dis-

I From 1798 to 1800 the war with France occurred. From' 1801 to 1805 the war with the pirates of Tripoli was waged. Tlius had the new generation grown up, and the new settlements been formed almost under the the population, accustomed to rely on the fruits of the chase as well as agriculture and other pursuits, was largely made up of hardy hunters, good woodsmen, and men who had made a successful fight against the ruder forces of nature. i

Cause Of The War

The war of i8[2, as far as this country was concerned, was fully justified. The inpther country had acknowledged our independence, but would not accord us the privileges of freedom^ She had impressed our seamen, searched our ships on the high seas, and niiade almiost innuniiCrable aggressions on our comanerce, and last, but not least, had incited the Indians on the frontier to renewi their savage hostilities, and for these causes war was declared June i8, 1812.

Attitude Of The Federalists To The War

President Miadison in his proclamation of war, dated June 19, 1812, urges all citizens of the republic to sustain the administration in the imipending strugggle. One would suppose that such an appeal was superfluous, but it had a inleaning at that tiniie which we can the better understand by consulting the political history of the day. Tlioinias Jefferson had already founded the Democratic party by which Miadison had been elected. It was the war party. Tihe Federalists were opposed to the war, in this much at least, that they believed that the object sought could be accomplished by negotiation without a resort to arms. The war party, however, carried the day, and the verdict of history is that they were right. This feeling of opposition was well developed in Washington County. It was, however, more of a non-interest than opposition. 1

' In the spring of 1878, A. T. Nye, Sr., of Marietta, received several letters from] old citizens of the county, written in response to inquiries mlade by Mir. Nye in regard to the

War of 1 812, which we give as the best statement readil}-' obtainable of the situation in this county in those days. John Stone, Esq., of Belpre, wrote as follo\\s :

The patriotism of Belpre did not prompt her citizens to deeds of peril on the Canada lines. The people believed the government could have made a treaty if it had taken, the right course. The Berlin and Milan decrees of Napoleon were as obnoxious as the British orders in council, and to declare war against one govermr.ent and not the other was to discriminate. If war was the remedy to maintain our rights, we were in every way unprepared for it.

The blundering management of the war in the northwest gave cause for the severest criticism, and perhaps gave rise to the idea of the necessity O'f a Silver Grey organiziition. Colonel Nathaniel Cushing had command of a company of Silver Greys, whose valor had been tried in their youth, who had seen Indians since, heard the war whoop and helped to bury the scalped dead, but the men, who threw up their caps for the War of 1812 looked upon these old soldiers as Tories, and sometimes called them so. Perhaps I might mention some circumstances to show w'ho they were, how well they bore the appellation, not accepted it. and how they stood \\ hen a Tory was an enemy to his country. There was some slipping away from the legal call of the militia officers, but enough were found 10 fill the drafts as they occurred. AM who went into the service were given honorable discharges. There were a great many sick and ailing when an order for draft was announced, so much so that old ^Ir. Allen, who did the ferrying at the iiiouth ot the Little Hocking, and who was commonly known as "Old Charon," said: "Nearly all the drafted men profaned themselves sick,"

Edmimd B. Dana and Bial Stedman were captains in the regiment of Washington County militia as then organized. They were citizens of Belpre, and Belpre at that time containc.H double the territory it does now. The bounds of military companies were fi-xed by regimental boards of officers. Hence Captain Dana's company, though called a Belpre company, extended into Warren, while Captain Stedman's company was all in Belpre, and within the bounds of these two companies were formed the Silver Greys. I am not aware that either Capt. E. B. Dana or Capt. Bial Stedman performed any other service than to call out the requisition made on their companies and other duties connected with that service. I w'as a corporal in Captain Dana's company, and -performed the duty of notifying the drafted men in the draft of 18 13, It was the duty of commanders of companies when they received a requisition to draft the number of men called for and forward them to tlie place of rendezvous ; they were not authorized to use compulsion. If the drafted man did not go or furnish a substitute he was subject to a fine. Officers were detailed in the order of the dates of their connnissions, and took with them ith«;ir nion-commiss'oned officers, governed by a rule fi.xed by law, A suit grew out of the drafting of an apprentice \\iho never returned to service, in which case the aggrieved master, a strong advocate of the war. sought his remedy in court against the captain, and paid the costs in Goodno vs. Bial Stedman, on appeal from William Browning's docket; whether he cursed the war I don't know, but have no doubt he cursed his luck and the captain, too.

Omitting all dates. Quartermaster or Contractor Craig purchased a large number of ox teams in Belpre and vicinity, and forwarded them to headquarters under his nephew, W. P. Putnam, wagonmaster, Absalom Misner, Major Reed, and Cummings Porter, teamsters, which duties they performed in a satisfactory manner and were honorably discharged.

The drafted men who served were Elam Frost, Nehemiaii Morse, Lemuel Cooper,; Samuel Barkley. The men who hired substitutes were Jervis Burroughs, William Burroughs, and I think George Dana and Joseph Dilley. The substitutes were Joel Bennett, Curtis and Hinman. Pardon Cook served in the company commanded by Capt. Charles Devol ; Barkley and others from Belpre were in Capt. John Thorniley's company; Captain Dana's company extended into Warren and Cooper may have been a citizen of that township at the time.

To confirm the statement that Belpre folks were called Tories a drafted man says, "When spoken to I was always called Tory except at roll call."

Tn regard to the War of i8r2, a large class of the then voters thought it unnecessary and impolitic. My father and mo^t of his neighbors took that view of it. Of course, we rejoiced at our victories, but farther than that took but little interest in it. Doubtless the case was very different in some quarters, and many prominent citizens participated in it, but with comparatively few exceptions it was not the case here.

I can recollect many events of the War of 1812. There were a number of young men went from Waterford into the service, Elias Wolcott. Lorey Ford, Elisha Mallory, Nprman Hart, Benedict Hutchins, Duty Green, David Deming, WiMiam Henry, Alexander Walker. Neal Walker, who all lived to return except Norman Hart.

Wiiv The Draft Was Resorted To

i In the suinmier or early fall of 1812 Gen. Edward W. Ttipper came to Marietta to recruit a force of volunteers for the war. A consultation was held between leading men as to the propriety of raising men in this mlanner. and it was decided to resort to the draft. Caleb Emierson, in the IJ'csfcni Spectator, of which he the editor in 18 12, says that it Was feared that the volunteers would be from' the ranks of the Democratic party, which was strongly in favor of the war, and thus the chances of sticcess at the approaching October election would be endangered, whereas, if the draft was resorted to, men of both parties would be taken. Tlie result was that the young n^en, and others without families, who could con- gO', were not afforded a chance to \olunteer, but inen with families toi support, and others who were not well suited for soldiers, were forced into the service. General Tupper left without any recruits.

From) the military papers of Capt. Rotheus Hayward, late of Waterford township, furnished by Rotheus Hayward, it appears that on February 15, 1814, he was ordered to furnish men for the service. Thereupon Corporal John Craft was given a list of 13 members of Captain Hayward"s company, with orders to "begin at the first and proceed doaMn the list until he fotmd two' men \\ho were willing to ser\-e, and warn them to appear at Anthony IMlcCandish's in Waterford, on Wednesday, February 23, 1814, anned and equipped as the law directs, to march on a tour of duty, to rendezvous at Franklinton, in this State." The men wbo were willing to go \\ere Edward Miller and William Prewit.

The attempt, howe\'er, to class the Federalists with the Tories was a failure, for many of them were Revolutionary soldiers, and the whole tenor of their lives amply disproved the charge. We are inclined to believe that it w^as merely a campaign epithet used to help James Madison tO' his second term in the White House. The War of 181 2 really began the year previous, although no formjal declaration was made; it was the same conflict, and many Indians that fought at Tippecanoe in 181 1 doubtless fought with Tecumseh and General Brock the year following.

Battle Of Tippecanoe

Fourth Regiment United States Infantry, commlanded by Colonel Boyd, during the summer of i8i I. Tliey ^Mere uDOStly fromi New Hampshire and Massachusetts, a fine looking and intelligent body of men, who were destined to see hard service. They passed on their way to join Gen. \Villianii Henry Harrison at Vincennes, where they were met by several regiments of mounted volunteers from Kentucky. General Harrison, with this force, moved on up the line of the Wabash, and on November 7, iSii, at Tippecanoe Creek, Indiana, met and defeated the Indians under the Prophet, brother of Tecumseh. Tbe Indians lost 170 killed and 100 wounded; the lAmericans 62 killed, and 126 wounded. The Fourth United States Infantry lost heavily in this battle. Capt. Robert C. Barton, a Washington County man, commanded a company, and General Harrison, in his report of the battle, mentioned Captain Barton for his gallant conduct. The Fourth United States Infantry were stationed at Fort Harrison and Vincennes during the winter, and in May, 18 12, marched' to Urbana, Ohio, and joined the Northwestern army.

The certainty of war with Great Britain prompted the government, in the winter of i8ji-i2^ to call for three regiments from Ohio to serve in the Northwest; the plan being to move this force early in the spring and occupy Detroit, which, in event of a war, would iDe an important strategic point in movements against Canada.

Expedition Of General Hull

Brig. Gen. William Hull was at that time Governor of the Territorv- of Michigan, and early in ]May he arrived with his staff from Washington Cit}'-, and assumed command of the Northwestern Army. General Hull had seen service in the Revolutionary War, and under Gen. Anthony Wayne, at the storming of Stony Point, had distinguished himself, but he had lost his youthful vigor, and lacked the inspiring presence of "Mad Anthony" to urge him on to deeds of valor, as the sequel will show. Tlie three regimaits asked from

Ohio wiere promptly furnished. They were the First, Second and Third Regiments of Ohio Volunteers, commanded respectively by Col. Duncan McArthur, oif Rbss County; Col. James Findla}^, fromi the western part of the State, and Cob Lewis Cass, from; Muskingum County. Colonel Cass gathered a few companies at Zanesville in May, 1812, and proceeded thence do'\\n the Mtiskingura to Marietta, where he was joined by Capt. John Sharp, with the Washington County company. Colonel Cass arrived at Marietta May 25th, and was received amid the firing of cannon and other public demonstrations. On the next day he dqoarted for Cincinnati, his men numbering 250 in all, traveling in keel boats. On their arrival at Cincinnati they were joined by 200 more men. From' there they marched to Dayton.

After obtaining the consent of the Indian tribes through whose country the expedition was to march. General Hull- moved forward through the pathless forests, the unbroken wilds of Ohio to the foot of the Maunnee rapids, where he arrived June 30, 1812, and by July 4th the Fourth United States Infantry took possession of Fort Detroit. The other regiments, coming up, encamped around the fort.

A sufficient number of bateaux (a 'boat somewihat larger than a skiff) having been procured, the expedition by July 9th, was ready to cross the Detroit River and invade Canada. They accordingly moved up the river on that day in the following order : first, the Fourth United States Infantry, Lieut. Col. Jamies Miller; second, the First Regim,ent Ohio Volunteers, Col. Duncan McArthur; third, the Second Regiment Ohio Volunteers, Col. James Findlay; fourth, the Third Ohio Regiment Volunteers, Col. Lewis Cass. Thus the Third Regiment became the right wing of the army. Arriving at the point selected for the crossing they entered the bateaux at daylight, and launched out upon the broad river in perfect alignment, the right a little in advance. They reached the other shore in due time, formed on the bank, but werenot attacked as they expected. Marching down^ to Sandwich, opposite the fort, they encamped. A reconnoisance in force was soon made, in the direction of Maiden, by Colonels McArthur and Cass, capturing a battery over the Canada River, fonr miles aibove Mkklen. Several other reconnoisances were undertaken which developed the fact that the enemy were weak and disposed to avoid an engagement.

Surrender Of Hull

General Hull, for some reason best known to himself, on the 7th of August ordered the whole force to recross the river and occupy their old position, which movement was effected without molestation and the invasion of Canada ended. The enemy now crossed opposite Maiden and interrupted communications with Ohio'. On the 9th of August a strong detachment was sent clown to drive them back. Here was fought the battle of Browiiston, in which the national army lost 68 men. Tlie enemy was defeated, dri\-en back to Canada and commimications with Ohio restored.

The officers commanding the troops under General. Hull now discovered that som(ething was wrong at headquarters ; that the old general was either a coward or a traitor, and giving matters their most charitable construction, it was thought he ought to be deposed from comjniand.

An effort to accomplish this change was started, all the officers signing a petition, their names being arranged in a circle so that no one came first. The design was to place one o-f the Ohio colonels in command, but nothing came of it.

On August 15th the British opened on Fort Detroit, from a battery located on the opposite shore, which could not possibly have dislodged the garrison at Fort Detroit without a heavy supporting force which the British did not have. This fort had been designed and laid out by army engineers, and was - what it was intended to be - a very formidable work ; heax'ily armied, and surrounded hy common stretching back a male or more to the forests, across which an enemy would have to approach without co\er, a circumstance which, in event of attack, would have deprived General Brock of the aid of 600 Indians under Tecumseh, who would never have approached the fort across the. open plain in the face of the artillery on the bastions and curtain walls of this formidable fortress. The total effective force of General Hull was 2,300 officers and men, well supplied with artillery, independent of the guns in advanced batteries.*

The force oif Brock consisted of 230 British regulars, 400 Canadian militia, and the 600 Indians above mentioned, to which was attached a battery of three six-pound and two three-pound guns. Besides this there were in Fort Detroit ammunition, arms and ec^uipments in abundance.

General Brock, with his forces, crossed belowl Detroit on the morning of August 16,. 1 81 2, before dawn and marched up to withia a mile of the fort and sent Tecumseh with his Indians by a detour around to the west side, keeping them concealed in the woods. Brock promptly sent in his demand for a surrender,, which General Hull accepted, and the Xorthwestern Army was no^ more.

T'his army was com)posed of ljra\-e men' who were anxious for a fight, yet their reputation and opportunity for distinction were thus basely compr(jmised and surrendered by General Hull without cause or justification.

*The guns surrendered by Hull were as follows: Iron - seven twenty-four-pounders, in water battery; two twenty-four-pounders, on new field carriages; eight twelve-pounders, in and around fort ; five nine-pounders, in and around fort : three six-pounders, in and around fort: four twelve-pounders, nit mounted. Brass - three si.x-pounders, at fort :' two four-pounders, at fort ; one three-pounder, at fort : one e ght-inch* howil.zer. at fort : one five and one-half inch howitzer, at foTt: one inortar; total, thirty-eight pieces.

troops fromi Ohio to support him,. These were collected at Urbana by Governor Meigs, and among them \\'^.s the Second Brigade of Ohio militia, commanded by Gen. Edward W. Ttupper, with Horace Nye as brigade major, iboth citizens of Wkshington County. The brigade consisted of one regiment from the eastern part oif the State, comlmianded by Col. Charles Miller, of Coshocton ; one regiment from Gallia and Athens, the county below, commanded by Co'l. Robert Safford, of Gallia; and a battalion under command of Major James Galloway, of Xenia, with two companies of scouts of about 25 mien each - one comimanded by Capt. Thomas Hinckson, the other by Captain Wood. The whole effecti\'e force was about 1,000 until subsequently reduced by sickness.

At the rapids of the Maumee there had been planted some 300 acres of corn, in clearings made at that point. About October 30, 1 812, General Tupper, being informed of the abo've fact, through his scouts sent out from Fort McArthur, and having also learned through an Indian interpreter captured by the same scouts, that there was an expedition of somje 30 British and 500 Indians on the way to secure this corn for the Indians to live on during the winter, he at once resolved to defeat themi in their undertaking. A courier was sent to General Winchester, who was lying w/ithin 40 miles of the cornfields with 3,000 m|en, in order that the general might be on the alert to either drive the enemy back or cut off his retreat. Meanwhile General Tupper determined to proceed at once to the rapids with what force he had - some 600 effective combatants, with a six-pound gun drawn by six horses. The field-piece was, however, abandoned the second dav out from camp, and the carriage broken up ; this was about the 8th of November. General Winchester had been notified O'f the departure of the expedition, its al:ject, and the length of tim^e the subsistence taken would enable them to stay away from the base of supplies.

When General Tupper arrived at the rapids, he found the M'aumee so sw'ollen that it was impossible to cross. Tlie scouts reported the enemy on the opposite side, some distance fronn the rapids, and as yet -unaware of the approach of Tupper and his command. After an unsuccessful attenpt to cross with his force, he marched down the river until opposite the Indian camp, still undiscovered. Captain Hjinckson, however, with nine of his scouts, came onto three Indians, who had crossed to the corn-fields. Shots were exchanged, killing one Indian and wounding another. The whole Indian encampment was aroused and agitated at once, like a hive of bees that had been disturbed. They dashed up the river to the ford, liut upon their arrival there found Tupper and his men ready for them'. This was not what they expected, and they immediately resorted to their usual Indian strategy of picking off the stragglers. After several hours of desultory firing, the Indians were driven back at every approach and many of them killed in the water wihile attempting to recross. They seemed to have quite a number of horses and used them to ferry the warriors over. These horses were afterward ascertained to be the same captured from General Hull at Detroit. The rations of the command being exhausted, they fell back slowly to Fort Findlay, on the river Auglaize. The Indians did not attempt to follow.

Had General \\'inchester co-operated with General Tupper there is no doubt that the whole detachment of British and Indians would have been either captured or so punished that the subsequent disaster at the river Raisin would not have occurred.* The motive of General Winchester in not seconding this movement was a desire to thwart the plans of General Harrison : at least this is the construction gi\-en to his actions by cotemporary writers.

^General Harrison's order to General Tupper is dated October 4. 1812, and the report of the e.xpedition October ijfh. shruvins: that they were out some seven or CI ;,it f'.:i\ -. I he ohject was partly a reconnoisance "1 t( rcc -tiui paiily to surprise any force of the enemy that might haie been in the vicinity of tlie rapids.

The winter of 1812-13 was a very severe one, and the troops on the frontier suffered greatly, especially front lack of sufficient clothing. The time of most of the brigade was out by the last of February, 181 3, and General Tupper and his staff, with the mien whose time had expired, were discharged and returned home.

During the War of 18 12 Washington County furnished seven companies, some volunteers, some militia, some regulars, to-wit : Captain Sharp, already mentioned as being in the Tliird Regiment, Ohio Volunteers, so basely surrendered by Hull at Detroit. Capt. Timothy Buell, who went out in May and also in August, 181 3. The latter were mounted volunteers. They went to Zanesville; from there to Franklinton, a post situated opposite what has since become Columbus. They went from there to Mansfield, when the emergency at Fort Meigs being over, they returned home.

Captain John Tliorniley's company was made up by draft. Tliey were in the infantry, and formed part of the First Regiment of Ohio militia, and were called out in the fall of 1813, and their term of service expired March 13, 1814, which term included seven days for returning home, 140 miles. The company was stationed at Fort Stephenson most of the time of their term of service.

Capt. Charles Devol's company of dragoons was called out October 20, 1812. They reported for duty, but not being needed were ordered to hold ithemselves in readiness to march on short notice, which they did until the emergency was over.

Fifty arms and bayonets, fifty cartridge boxes, one wagon, four set of horse gears, four horses, two tents, two bags, six axes ; and at Zanesville they received two more tents, eight pots, two kettles and powder and ball.

In this connection it is curious to note what one ration for a soldier was, to-wit : "One and one-fourth pounds beef, or four and threefourth pounds salted pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour, one gill of rum, whiskey or brandy, and at the rate of two quarts of salt, four quarts vinegar, four pounds soap and one pound and a half of candles to every hundred raitions ;" alsO' what the uniform of a soldier of 1812 was, to-wit: The regulation coat was a "swallow tail," made of dark blue cloth, faced and trimmed with buff, buttons of white metal, with "U. S. A." on them. The hat was a tall bell-crowned aff'air, with no brim except a small visor in front. To this costume was added the "stock" for the neck, of polished leather, wide enough to fit up snug under the chin.

Capt. Alexander Hill's company was recruited principally in Washington County for the regular army in the summer of 18 13, and was part of the Nineteenth United States Infantry. Captain Hill was, in the fall of 1813, ordered by Col. George Paul, commanding the regiment and having charge of the recruiting station of Zanesville, to report at that place. Captain Hill after his arrival at Zanesville was ordered to Detroit, arriving there after the battle of the Thames. The company was next ordered back to Zanesville by Colonel Paul, soon after arriving there. Captain Hill was placed in command of a battalion of the Ninth Infantry and ordered to report at Fort Erie, in Canada, near the head of the Niagara River, where he arrived before the battle at that place in 18 14.

Siege At Fort Erie

On July 31st the British, under General Drummond, appeared before Fort Erie with about 4,500 men and laid siege. The garrison now began a vigorous use of spades, perfecting the works which were quadrangular in shape. They also constructed some advanced works, in which were placed guns with proper infantry supports. On August 2d the firing from the opposing batteries began, which con- tinued until August 15th. General Gaines, having arrived a few days before, was in command at the fort at this time, and on the 14th had discovered signs of a new movement in the enemy's camp. He accordingly put his forces in best shape possible for an attack and awaited developments. About two o'clock in the morning, August 14th, the enemy, under Lieutenant -colonel Fisher, 1,300 strong, attacked the left, when the Twenty-first Regiment, under command of Major Wood, and Towson's battery. I'epulsed them and fell back. The firing had scarcely subsided on the left when Lieutenant-colonel Drummond and Colonel Scott, with 1,500 picked men, moved up to the assault on the right. The night was exceedingly dark, but by the commands of the enemy's ofiicers two columns were discovered approaching. Boughton and Harding's volunteers and the Ninth United States Infantry were manning the works on the right, but owing to the unfinished condition of an advanced bastion the enemy carried it and turned the guns on the defenders of the fort. The battle now raged furiously, but by renewed" exertion the enemy was driven back and Colonel Scott and Lieutenant-colonel Drummond, the leaders of the assault, killed, but the British still held the captured Ixistion. The passage from this bastion to the body of the fort was in a great measure closed by the position of the block-house there located. This, though in a ruinous condition at tlie time, had been occupied the evening before by Lieutenant-colonel Trimble with a detachment of the Nineteenth Infantry, including Captain Alexander Hill's company, whose well-directed fire, at the same time that it galled the enemy severely in the bastion, had completely defeated every attempt he made to penetrate farther. The column of Colonel Scott being now routed, the guns of the Douglass battery were so directed as to cut off all communication between the contested bastion and the enemy's reserve - and a party of desperate fellows were about to rush in and finish the work, when a spark being communicated by some means to an ammunition chest under the plali.;rm, the

The enemy's loss and that of the National forces in this engagement were estimated at the time as follows: British, 200 killed and wounded and 200 prisoners ; United States troops, three officers and eight to 10 kdled and 15 to 20 wounded.

The British now waited re-enforcements, and soon received two full regiments, established a new battery, and recommenced the cannonade. This state of things continued until September i/th, when a counter assault was undertaken in two columns, commanded respectively by Generals Porter and Miller. This sortie was well conducted and successful in driving the enemy ironi his entrenchments. The \'ictorious columns, satisfied with having beaten the enemy in his chosen position, returned within the works of Fort Erie, and four days afterward the British broke camp, and retired rapidly down the river, thus ending a siege of 51 days.

The victory of Commodore Perry near Put-in-Bay Island, Lake Erie, September 10, iSiji, relieved the whole Northwest Territory of the presence of hostile forces. The British and Indians retired to Canada, abandoned Detroit, and but for the urgent demands of Tecumseh would have abandoned the whole of Lower Canada. Tecumseh, however, insisted upon a vigorous resistance to the advance of General Harrison, who pressed close on the retiring enemy.

On Octob,er 5, 1813, with what forces thecombined eft'orts of Tecumseh and General Proctor could muster, battle was oft'ered at the- Moravian town on the River Thames. General Harrison engaged the enemy with a finebody of Kentucky mounted riflemen who carried confusion and destruction into the ranks.

of the British, hut met with a vigorous resistance from tlie Indian. The Kentuckians, however, attacked them vigorously, and after a desperate resistance defeated and routed them, killing- their celebrated chief, Tecumseh. The theatre of war was from this time on transferred to Niagara frontier and the East, and continued with uniform success to the American arms both on land and sea. The sharpest fighting, however, of the War of 1812, was done on the ocean, and the people of the United States can always refer with pride to that series of brilliant victories won by American seamen, who seemed sent by an avenging Nemesis to redress the long standing grievances and punish Great Britain for her wrong and oppression.

Battle Of New Orleans And Treaty Of Peace

The battle of New Orleans was fought January 8, 181 5, 15 days after the treaty of peace was signed at Ghent, the news not arriving until after the battle, presenting -one of the anomalies of history, a thing that could not happen at the present day with our great facilities for transmitting information. The Senate confirmed the treaty of Ghent, February 17, 18 1 5, and President Madison made prcKlamation of the fact the following day.

We have said nothing of many important conflicts of the War of 181 2, as the scope of this sketch was to give only that part in which the troops from Washington County figured ; and considering the population of the county at that time, we may say that she did her part nobly and would have done much more had the occasion required.

Priv.Ates

Muster-roll of a company of militia commanded by Capt. James Flagg; ordered into the service of the United States on the 20th day of October, 181 2, by the authority of his Excellency, R. J. Meigs, Governor of the State of Ohio, and comiuanded by Samuel Connel, major commandant.

Non-Commissioned Officers

Pay-roll of a company of Ohio militia, commanded by Capt. John Thorniley, of the First Regiment of Ohio militia, in the service of the United States, stationed at Fort Stephenson by order of Gen. John S. Gano, comrtiencing January 6, 1814, and expiring March 13, 1814, including seven days for returning home 140 miles, both days inclusive:

Commissioned Officers Non-Com Missioned Officers

Muster-roll of a company of dragoons (of the State of Ohio) commanded by Capt. James Devol, called into the service of the United States on the 20th day of October, 1812, by the authority of his Excellency. Return J. Meigs, Governor of the State of Ohio.

Return J. ]\Ieigs, Jr., Esq., the sums annexed to our names respectively, in full for our pay for a tour of duty in Capt. Timothy Buell's company of Ohio mounted militia, under the command of his Excellency, the Governor of Ohio, called into the service of the United States on the first of August, 1813, upon the requisition of Major General Harrison, commanding the Eighth ^Military District."

Captain Buell was out in May, 1813, with a company, heretofore mentioned, but the rolls of the company have not been preserved, and can not be found at Washington.

Pay-roll of a company of Ohio militia, commanded by Lieut. John Devault. of Colonel James Stuart's regiment, late in the service of the United States, from the 26th of July, 1813, commencement of service, to the i6th of August, 1 81 3, on expiration of service, or of this settlement :

Commissioned Officer

Pay-roll of a detachment of Ohio militia, commanded by Lieut. John Devault, of Colonel McDonald's regiment, late in' the service of the United States, from the 31st of January, 181 5, commencement of service, to the 10th of April, 181 5, expiration of service, or of this settlement.

Biographical Sketches Of Officers

Gen. Edward W. Tupper, son of Gen. Benjamin Tupper, an officer in the Re\'olutionary Army, was born in Chesterfield. Hampshire County, Massachusetts, in 1771. His father was an officer of the Revolution, from the commencement of the war, in 1775, until its close, in 1788. The subject of this sketch was, at the opening of this war, only four years old. His father, with several other families, came to Marietta in August, 1788. These were among the first families who came to Marietta. Edward \V. Tupper was then 17 years of age. He was in the Campus Martius during the Lidian war, and began his business life at its close.

At the organization of the State government in 1803, he was appointed clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, and of the Supreme Court, for Washington County, which offices he continued to hold until he left Marietta. At an early period, he opened a store for the sale of general merchandise, at the corner of Second and Putnam streets, Marietta. In 1802 he established a shipyard at the foot of Putnam street, and built the brig "Orlando."

This vessel went out under command of Capt. Matthew Miner, with Anselm Tupper for second officer, in 1804. The "Orlando" was at New Orleans July 4, 1804, at the time of the first celebration of that day after Louisiana was ceded to the United States. She made her first voyage to the Mediterranean and to the Black Sea, as far as Trieste on the latter.

In 1803 he built the house well known as the residence of the late Xahum Ward, and, since that, of his son, William S. Ward. This property he held until after he left Marietta, and sold it to Mr. Ward. It was occupied for some years, by Gen. Joseph Wilcox and his family.

On the 3rd of May, 1804, Mr. Tupper married Mrs. Bethia S. Putnam, widow of Dr. William Pitt Putnam - who was a brother of the late David Putnam, of Harmar. The house built by him, in 1803, was their residence while they remained in Marietta. In 1809 or 1810, he removed to Gallipolis. He was one of the most prominent and useful men of the place, and he had few superiors in Southeastern Ohio. He represented Gallia County in the Legislature for several terms. Some time, before leaving Marietta, he had been elected to the office of brigadier-general of militia, of the counties of Washington, Athens, and Gallia.

Soon after the commencement of the W'ar of 181 2, Governor Meigs made a recpiisition for a brigade to be raised in this division, composed of counties along the southern and western portion of the State. This brigade was organized at Urbana in August, 18 12, and the command of it was assigned to General Tupper - he being the oldest brigadier-general in the division. The surrender of the army under Hull prevented this brigade from advancing beyond McArthur's block-house, where they went into camp, and where they remained for a considerable part of the following winter. In January, 1813, General Tupper learned that the British and Indians were collecting their forces at the foot of the rapids of the Maumee, to carry away a quantity of corn which had been left standing during the winter. He immediately made preparations for driving them away. Many of his men were unfit for duty, but he called for volunteers from among those fit for service to go on the expedition to the rapids. About 600 responded, and a forced march of several days was made to the Maumee, through the Black Swamp, then frozen over. On arriving at the rapids, the river was found to be so high that it was not possible to get the troops over in condition to make an attack. Only about two companies passed over, and these found their ammunition so wet that they had to withdraw. It became necessary, therefore, for the troops to fall back a short distance, for the purpose of drying their clothes and their ammunition. Next morning, however, all were fit for active_ duty; meantime, the Indians, having learned of the approach of our troops, marched up towards the rapids, on horseback, for the purpose of makinig an attack. Tliey attempted to cross the river with a large force, but were driven back by our troops with considerable loss. The British and Indians retreated, and abandoned the corn, which was afterward used by General Harrison's army. Our troops lost no men, but some few stragglers from the ranks, who were killed by Indians. None of the troops of this brigade were from Washington County, except Horace Nye, brigade major. They returned tO' Camp McArthur after an absence of four days. In February, 1 8 13, the brigade was advanced to Fort Meigs, where it was under command of General Harrison. About the first of March, 1813, their term expired, and they were mustered out of service. In September, 181 3, General Tupper, then senior brigadier general, organized a regiment of drafted men at Zanesville, which went out under command of Colonel Bay, of

Capt. John Sharp, was born in 1771, at a place in Pennsylvania, then known as the "Burnt Cabins." He came to Washington County about the year 1800, settled on the Little Muskingum, in Lawreiice township, near where the townships of Marietta, Newport, and Lawrence, have their corner.

He was of large stature and inclined to corpulency, and was a man of force and influence in the afifairs of Washington County, in his time. When the call for volunteers came in the spring of 181 2, Captain Sharp raised a company and joined Colonel Cass" regiment when he passed from Zanesville down the Muskingum and Ohio to Cincinnati. The troops lay over at Marietta one day, were received by the citizens with an artillery salute and other demonstrations of public approval. They took on board Captain Sharp's company, and on April 25, 1812, proceeded on to Cincinnati. They were transported in keel-boats. This regiment was the Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Army of Ohio.

After participating in the hardships and fatigues of the march to the rapids of the Maumee, Captain Sharp was there detailed, for what purpose is not known, probably to command the escort, to go on board a schooner laden with the sick, baggage of the officers and army stores of General Hull's army. The schooner was accompanied by a boat also loaded with army stores. This was to facilitate the march of the army, which was hastening forward to occupy Detroit. Dr. James Reynolds, surgeon's mate of the Army of Ohio, was in charge of the schooner and boat, but took up his quarters on the boat. They sailed July i, 1812, from the mouth of the Maumee for Detroit, but in passing Maiden the schooner was captured by the British, with all on board, including Capt. John Sharp, Lewis Dent, paymastetr, a lieutenant of the

Fourth United States Infantry, and aljout 50 soldiers. The boat escaped. Thev were afterward exchanged, and Captain Sharp arrived home soon after the surrender of Hull, and it may be said of this affair of the schooner that it saved the officers and men on board the disgrace of being surrendered bv General Hull.

Captain Sharp was chosen Senator from Washington County for 1808, Representative for 1 8 14, Senator again for 1815 and 18 16. He was for some years one of the judges of the countv court. He died very suddenly in 1823.

Capt. John Thorniley was born in England, July 17, 1 781, and came to this country April, 1795. The means of conveyance were at that early day limited, especially through the western wilds and over the Alleghanies. He, with his father and the family, walked to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where they built boats, and came down the Ohio River to Marietta, after being six months on the way. Tliey settled near the Little Muskingum in Marietta township of this county. When the war with Great Britain broke out in 1812, Captain Thorniley commanded a company of militia, and was assigned to the command of a company of drafted men, called out in the fall of 1813. His company was in the second battalion of the First Regiment of the First Brigade, Third Division Ohio, militia, and was stationed at Fort Stephenson, Captain Thorniley, commandant. Lower Sandusky.

Captain Thorniley was married July 12, 18 10, to Mary Compton. He died August, 1844. The names of his children are as follows : William, Mary, Ann, Thomas, John, James, George, Caleb, Elizabeth, Harriet, and Adaline Thorniley.

Capt. Alexander Hill was of Scotch- Irish descent, and was born February 28, 1777, in County Antrim, Ireland, near Belfast, and landed at Philadelphia in 1784. His parents were strict Scotch Presbyterians, and Captain Hill doubtless owed much of his success in life to the wholesome training of his youth. Force of circumstances put him in the way of learning the cabinetmaker's trade, though his tastes strongly impelled him to a seafaring life.

Captain Hill started from Pittsburgh with an English emigrant named Alcock, in canoes lashed together, expecting to have gone to New Orleans and shipped as a sailor at that point, but on arriving at Marietta, in 1798, he found it inadvisable to proceed further without more money than he possessed. He, therefore, plied his trade at Marietta, and soon found' that the demand for furniture to supply the new settlers was increasing, and ofifering opportunities for active and profitable business in that line. He established the first furniture factory in that county, and the cabinetmaker of those days was also the undertaker; and Captain Hill constructed the first cotSn that was placed in Mound Cemetery.

Captain Hill now became prosperous, and the idea of going to sea was abandoned. He was accustomed to load a boat (one of the oldtime "broad-horns") every year with furniture for the Southern market, generally going to New Orleans, and either walking back or going around by sea to Philadelphia, and thence across the mountains in a wagon train. On one of these trips south the broad-horn had just reached New Madrid, Missouri, at the time of the great earthquake, which occurred in that country in 181 1, and it was with much ditficulty that the boat was rescued from destruction.

At the breaking out of the war with Great Britain, Captain Hill was a major in the State militia. In the spring of 1813 he received a commission as captain in the Twenty-seventh United States Infantry, and on April '22, 1813, he advertised for recruits in the counties of \\'ashington, Athens, and Gallia. He was ordered with his men to Zanesville, and the

Captain Hill, in the fall of 1813, was ordered to Detroit, and is said to have been placed in command of Maiden. He was ordered from there to Zanesville, and from there to Fort Erie. He took part in the battle and siege of that fort, his company being stationed on the right in a block-house, from which they maintained a destructive fire on the enemy, who had captured an outlyinig work, but could not hold it. Tlie battalion of the Nineteenth infantry, in this battle, was commanded by Major Trimble, and the garrison and post by General Gaines.

Soon after his return from the war. Captain Hill was summoned to New York to attend a court-martial. Meeting General Gaines there, he asked the general \vhat he thought of the conduct of his men, seeing that it was the first time many of them had been in battle.' "Why, sir," said General Gaines, "I could not have expected better service from veterans."

Upon his return from the war, his term of enlistment being for one year, he opened a tavern in Marietta, under the "Sign of the Swan." Captain Hill was elected sheriff of Washington County as the successor of Captain Buell in 181 5.

Captain Hill kept tavern until 1827, when, owing to the prevalence of the use of spirituous liquor and necessity almost of keeping a bar if he kept hotel, he decided rather than do it to quit, and accordingly, with his own hand, sawed down his sign-post and closed the tavern. His Scotch Presbyterian training was -stronger than the greed for gain. The furniture business was not neglected during these years, but kept up, and when the market would justify it, a boat was loaded for the south, and the outcome was uniformly profitable until the fall of 1836, when he entered into a contract with the State to build the dam and one-half the canal at Lowell, the State being engaged at that time in providing slackwater navigation for the Muskingum River, but Captain Hill died in February, 1841, before the work was completed, leaving his heirs to finish the contract, the consideration of which was $85,000. This money enabled the heirs to settle the estate and pay the debts of Captain Hill, who had become somewhat embarrassed financially.

Captain Hill was of temperate and exemplary habits, and considering the extent and character of his public services, had very few enemies. He had seven sons and two daughters ; one son and daughter died in childhood. Ephraim Hill died of the prevailing fever in 1823, aged nineteen years. The remaining children all grew up to mature age. They were John, Hugh, Jessie, Hiram A., Daniel Y., and Eliza Hill.

Eliza Hill was married to Spencer T. Bukey, June, 1835. He was a son of Hezekiah Bukey, a pioneer who settled on and owned a tract of land in Virginia, nearly opposite to Marietta. The children of Spencer T. Bukey were Van H., Alexander H., John, Joseph T., and Sarah Bukey.

Wallace Hill, son of John Hill, was lieutenant of Company B. Eighteenth Ohio Volunteer militia, for the three months' service, April, 1861. Alexander H. Bukey, son of Spencer T. Bukey, was a private in the same company ; also served as commandant of a gun in Buell's battery during the war. Subsequently Wallace Hill was lieutenant in Company C, First West Virginia Light Artillery, familiarly known as Buell's Pierpoint battery, commanded by Capt. Frank Buell, and after the death of Capt. Frank Buell, at the battle of Freeman's Ford, August 22, 1862, Wallace Hill became captain of the battery, and so continued during the remainder of the war.

Frank Hill, son of Hiram A. Hill, born 1847, was appointed third sergeant of Company A, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Ohio National Guards, Samuel S. Knowles, captain, and on July 23, 1864, was appointed commissary sergeant of the regiment.

Ephraim A. Hill, son of Daniel Y. Hill, served three months in Company A, Eightyseventh Ohio Volunteer Infantrv, and returning enlisted in Battery K, Second Ohio Heavy Artillery, and served until April 15, 1865, when he died at Knoxville, Tennessee. I Alexander Hill, son of John Hill, served ! in the same company Van H. Bukey enlisted in - the Eleventh West Virginia Infantry - October 16, 1861 ; was commissioned first I lieutenant February, 1862; captain August, I 1862; major March, 1863; lieutenant colonel I August, 1863, colonel November, 1864; brigadier general, by brevet. May, 1865.

John Bukey enlisted in CompcMiy D. Eleventh West Virginia Infantry, and was promoted from sergeant, orderly, second lieutenant, to first lieutenant in January, 1865.

Joseph T. Bukey enlisted as a musician in Compa:\v D, Eleventh West Virgina Infantry, and was afterward drum major of the regiment. In 1866 he enlisted for three years in Company A, First United States dragoons ; served his term on the Pacific slope, and then re-enlisted in the Twenty-second United States Infantry, and was accidentally drowned at Sitka, Alaska, May 12, 1872.

Capt. Timothy Buell was born October 18, 1768. at Killingworth, now Clinton. Connecticut, son of David Buell, of same placecame to Ohio June 15, 1789, and settled at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he is said to have built the first brick house in that city. Wishing to live near his friends and relatives, who had settled in ^^'ashington County, he returned to Marietta. \\'hen the conspiracy of Aaron Burr began to attract public attention, in 1806, the President of the United States sent out a confidential agent to Marietta to ascertain the true situation and relations between Burr, Blennerhassett, and the expedition then beingfitted out. This agent became convinced,, from what he saw, that the enterprise of Burr and Blainerhassett, if not treasonable, was. at least alarming. He therefore went to Chillicothe, and laid the matter before the Ohio- Legislature, then in session ; and on the 2nd of December procured an act to be passed, "authorizing the Governor to call out the militia on his warrant to any sherifiF or militia officer, with power to arrest boats on the Ohio River,.

or men supposed to be engaged in this expedition, who might be held to bail in the sum of fifty thousand dollars, or imprisoned, and the boats confiscated." Under this act a company of militia was called out, with orders to -capture and detain the boats (which were being built about six miles abo\-e Marietta, on the Muskingum), and the provisions, with all others descending the Ohio under suspicious circumstances. This force was placed under command of Capt. Timothy Buell. One sixpound gun was placed in a battery on the river bank at ^Marietta, and pickets disposed at proper places along the shores to watch the river and give the alarm if any persons attempted to pass with the suspected boats. The dispositions, of Caption Buell resulted in the capture -of all but one of Mr. Blennerhassett's boats, which escaped during a very dark night.

After General Hull's surrender, the British and Indians began to move southward from Detroit and infest the territory opened up by their victory, and in the spring of 1813 they gathered in force and laid siege to Fort Meigs, situated at the rapids of the Maumee. Gen- Harrison immediately made a requisition on Ohio for troops, and Governor Meigs called for mounted volunteers to hasten to the relief of the beleaguered garrison. Captain Buell immediately raised a company of mounted men, and on May 12, 1813, left Marietta for the rapids. Capt. Robert C. Barton, who was highly spoken of in the battle of Tippecanoe, was lieutenant, and Manly Morse, ensign. After being some days on the march, they were met with instructions to return, as the -enemy had retreated. Over 4,000 mounted men, in Ohio, turned out under this call, and all but a few were sent back. Governor Meigs arrived at his home in Marietta (the same now owned by Hon. M. D. Follett) about the last of May, and Captain Buell, on arriving at Marietta, drew up his men in front of the Gov- house and tendered their services for ^ny expedition he might direct. The Governor responded in very complimentary terms to their promptness and patriotism in going to -the relief of Fort Meigs. He observed that he was the more gratified at their demonstration of zeal in their country's cause, as it was the first specimen of public military spirit which had been exhibited in the county of Washington since the commencement of the war. That henceforth he augured a revival of a redeeming spirit of military energy worthy of the county which bears the name of the illustrious Father of his Country. To those gentlemen who had aided the company in equipments he returned his sincerest thanks. Of those who had endeavored to discountenance the expedition, he observed that such merited what they must eventually receive, the contempt of all honorable men. Tlie company was then honorably discharged.

On August I, 181 3, to meet a similar emergency at Fort Meigs, the mounted volunteers were again called upon, and they responded with the same readiness. Captain Buell gathered another company and w'ent to the front, but before they had arrived at the scene of action the British and Indians had fled, and an order from General Harrison gave them his thanks and an "honorable discharge." This was the last demonstration of the British and their allies in the northwest. The victory of Commodore Perry, in September, 181 3, compelled them to retire to Canada.

Capt. Timothy Buell and Alexander Mc- Connel were elected to represent the district composed of Morgan and Washington counties in the Nineteenth General Assembly, 1820, and Captain Buell and William M. Dawes to represent the same district in the T\ventieth General Assembly. Captain Buell was sheriff of the county for several years, being succeeded in that office by Capt. Alexander Hill, in 181 5. He was also a magistrate for many years. Died February 6, 1837.

Captain Buell was a brother of Gen. Joseph Buell, and grandfather, on the maternal side, of Maj.-Gen. Don Carlos Buell. His children were: Eliza Buell, born at Marietta August 22, 1798, died August 3, 1823 ; Joseph H. Buell, born October 20. 1812; William Plummer Buell, born June 18, 1815: Milo M. Buell, born September 18, 1817; Hiram B.

Biiell, born in 1824; George D. Buell, born in 1826; and Columbia Buell born in 1828. Of tbese, Eliza married Hon. Salmon D. Buell, April 9, 1 81 6, wlio was the son of Hon. Salmon Buell, of Ithica, New York. Their children were: Gen. Don Carlos Buell born near .Alarietta, March 23, 1818; Sally M. Buelh born near Marietta February 26, 1820; and' Aurelia A. Buell, born near Marietta, February 27, 1822, wife of Hon. William F. Curtis, of Marietta.

Lieut. Timothy E. Danielson. There is a degree of sadness connected with the life of this young- officer who came to Marietta about the year 1804, from Brimfield, Connecticut. His father was Gen. Timothy Danielson, of Union, Connecticut, who died in 1791. The widow (his mother), Eliza Danielson, married Hon. William Eaton, of Brimfield, Connecticut, .August 21, 1792.

U'pon his return to this country, in 1803, he had promised young Timothy a position in his suite when he should return. Mr. Eaton however, changed his mind, and took out a younger brother. E. E. Danielson.*

This was a great disappointment to Timothy E. Danielson, and he left home for the AA'est, arriving at Marietta shortly after the departure of his stepfather in 1804.

Great care and attention had been given to the education of the children of Mrs. Danielson, both by General Danielson and Mr. Eaton, and young Danielson turned his training to account by teaching school in Alarietta for several years.

At the opening of the Wzr of 1812, Danielson was commissioned as lieutenant in the regular army, and July 29, 181 2, he advertised for recruits - headquarters at Marietta. The recruits were taken for either three or five years. With what men he could raise he left for the front, and entered the Seventeenth United States Infantry. He was taken with

Caleb Emerson was appointed his administrator, and among his effects was a large assortment of law books, medical works and a general assortment of other works.

M.\j. Horace Nye came to Ohio when a child, August, 1788, with his father, Col. Ichabod Nye. From that time until his death Ohio was his home, and until 1833 his residence was Marietta.

He was the grandson of Gen. Benjamin Tupper, a soldier, and the son of Colonel Nye, also a soldier, and he was surrounded by men. who put themselves under strict military discipline during the Indian war, while living in the Campus Martitis. Thus he became a soldier himself, and was all through his life noted for his military hearing and soldierly qualities.

Thongh but a child, he shared in the privations and hardships and dangers of the garrison, and at an early age began to share in the toils, and to form habits of endurance and energy.

His life was coeval with the first settlement of the State, and the history and experience of its tragic scenes and patient toils and heroic suiYerings were as familiar to him as household words.

He furnished many facts from memory to the historian, and published some valuable sketches of early times. In the summer of 1 8 12 he was called into the service of his country as brigade major, in Gen. E. W. Tupper's brigade of Ohio militia. This brigade was composed of troops mostly from Southern. Ohio, and was called into service shortly before the surrender of General Hull at Detroit. The men were ordered to the frontier - Ohiothen being a frontier State - and spent most of the winter near Urbana and McArthur's block-house. They suffered much from bad quarters, bad food, poor clothing and the severity of the winter. Later they were advanced to Fort Meigs, where they remained until their return of service expired. The service rendered was important and severe.

Few men ever lived who have established a better character for uprightness of purpose and unbending integrity. He scorned the idea of bending his principles to expediency or of smothering his honest convictions. He was a reader, a thinker and a keen observer of men. For 30 years he was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and to know the right was with him to do it. Always the friend of the slave, he was an advocate of immediate emancipation.

In 1835 his life and property were threatened by a Zanesville mob. There was a little band of Abolitionists in Putnam, of which he was one, and when the mob threatened to burn the town, he saw no reason to change his views, but armed himself under the authority of the mayor, and purposed to fire at the word of command. He would have braved the dungeon or the stake in defense of the inalienable rights of man.

Capt. J^ason R. Curtis was born in 1785 at Warren, Litchfield County, Connecticut, removed to Marietta in 1792, and married Mary Clark, daughter of Maj. John Clark. Capt. Curtis served during the War of 18 12, as aidde-camp of Governor R. J. Meigs, with the rank of captain. Jason R. Curtis, father of Hon. William F. Curtis, died in Marietta September 12, 1834.

Capt. Robert C. Barton came to Marietta during the War of 1812. We have not been able to obtain any facts as to him, except that he commanded a company under General' Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe, and was" mentioned by General Harrison in his report of that battle for gallant conduct. He was afterward, during the same war, first lieutenant under Capt. Timothy Buell in a company of mounted volunteers, and was also on duty with Governor Meigs, probably as aid-decainlp.