Adams County, Illinois - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 11 of those read), 1879 (part 3 of 3)

Samuel Groshong, George Campbell and William Worlev, who came in 1825, were the first white settlers in Ursa. Mr. Groshong "^settled in the south part of the township, on Kock creek, where he built the first cabin; George Campbell on the northwest quarter of section 31; and Mr. "Worley on section 18, on the farm where Wm. McAdams now lives. The following year Robt. Beatty settled in the north part, on Bear creek, and Stanford and Steadman Smith (brothers) settled a mile and a half northwest of the site of Ursa village. In April, 1827, George Fraizer and his son James B. - now the oldest living male pioneer in the township - settled on the northwest quarter of section 31. The second marriage license issued in Adams county was to George Campbell and Mary Groshong They were married Aug. 18, 1825, by Willard Keyes, county commissioner; the first being David Ray and Rachel Thomas, daughter of John Thomas, who were married July 26, 1825, by Peter Journey, county commissioner. The first birth in Ursa was Andrew J., son of George Campbell, in the summer of 1827. The first 'death was Thomas Campbell, George Campbell's father. Peter Yannerst opened the first store in the township in what is now known as "Old Ursa," in 1828. His stock of goods consisted of a barrel of whiskey, two barrels of salt and a few sacks of flour. He continued business, with a growing stock, for many years, and acccumulated a competency, when he retired and went to California, where he remained till his death in 1876. Joel Fraizer, brother of James B., taught the first school, in the fall of 1828, in a little log school-house erected that year, the first in the township, on the northeast quarter of section 31, 1 north, 8 west. A. "W". Shinn taught the second term soon after in the same house. The first religious society in the township was organized at the residence of Rev. Stephen Ruddell, on section 18, by himself and Rev. Jesse Bowles, in 1833 or 34, with seven charter members: Stephen Ruddell and wife, Jesse Bowles and wife, Sarah Crawford, Mary Riddle and Elizabeth Stone. Two years after they erected the first house for worship on Mr. Ruddell's farm, he donating the lot, the same on which their present fine frame edifice stands. The first mill was a horse mill built and run by David Metcalf, in 1829. The first frame building was erected by Peter Yannerst, the merchant, in 1830; he was also the first post-master when the post-ofiice was established by Hon. Richard M.Johnson, who gave it the name of Ursa. Although Mr. Yannerst for many years kept a store at that point, and was succeeded by the firm of J. M. Rumbaugh & H. S. Loucks, who conducted a general merchandising for a number of years, and it was the seat of the post-ofiice, and had a place of entertainment known as the Ursa House, still " Old Ursa" never was regularly laid out as a village. Since its namesake was founded, in 1875, it, being less than a mile north and a railroad station, has sapped what vitality there was in the old place; so that it might truly say - if dead things ever talk - " I once lived and hoped, but one fine morning a railroad came along and I died."

In 1875 William B. Smith sold ofi" acre lots at the crossing of the public road leading from Quincy to Warsaw and the C, B. & Q.R. R. Carthage branch, to Rumbaugh & Loucks, O. W. Thompson and L. K. Rudolph, who all erected buildings thereon. Rumbaugh & Loucks erected a large two-

Btory frame building tor store and hall, and two dwellings, and moved their business from " Old Ursa;" the others, being mechanics, built houses and shops. W". Shaw and M. Fawbush have fitted up a fine steam mill, with three sets of burrs and the most approved machinery, and opened for business in May, 1879; a new building is being completed for a drug store, and it now has the post-office, and the Christian church edifice is within its limits. Thus the young Ursa, being the first station north of Quincy, is a fullfledged railroad town with a future before it.

The milage of Marcelline is situated in the northern extremity of Ursa township, three miles north of Ursa, on section 31, 2 north, 8 west, and is a place of about one hundred inhabitants. It was laid out by S. M. Jenkins, about 1842. Thomas Payne, of "Ellington, made two additions to the original plat, the last in 1849. A man named Wade was the first settler on the site of the town ; he came there as early as 1830. John "W". McFaddon settled there and started a store with a stock of general merchandise some years before the place was laid out. William Price and Thomas Payne each sold goods there years ago. Marcelline now has two general stores, owned by George Walker, present supervisor, and Thomas Leachman and George McLaughlin , a fine three-story brick building, the basement of which is used for town and church purposes, the Methodist Episcopal, Methodist Protestant and Christians worshiping in it alternately; the second story is occupied for a school-house, and the upper one as a Masonic hall. The village also has mechanical shops, such as wagonmaking, blacksraithing, etc. The Christian society worshiping there organized in April, 1879, with eighty-nine members. Both of the Methodist societies have a good membership and are prosperous. The old Christian society at Ursa is perhaps the strongest religious organization in the township; before the new church at Marcelline was organized it numbered more than 200; it has a prosperous, working Sunday-school of sixty scholars, and contributes over $700 annually for church purposes.

The Free Bajptiats have a stone church building on the Warsaw road, a mile and a half from Ursa, but the society is not numerous nor very active.

The Methodist Protestants organized a church in Ursa with nine charter members, in the spring of 1879. Having not yet a house they meet in Rumbaugh & Loucks' hall.

The staple product of Ursa is wheat, in the production of which it is not excelled by the same area of territory in this part of the State. Considerable attention is also paid to the culture of Indian corn and fruits. The soil is exceedingly fertile and well adapted to a variety of crops. It is thickly settled, and with its fine improvements and varying landscape of smiling fields and inviting woodlands presents a scene of rare beauty and wealth.

Quincy National Guards

Pursuant to a call for a meeting of those interested in the formation of a military company, some fifty persons met at the rooms of the Citizens' Association, on the evening of October 9, 1873. Gen. John Tillson was called to the chair, and E. B. Hamilton was made secretary.

A motion to proceed to the formation of an independent military company was carried ; a committee appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws ; to report a name, and the cost of uniforms. Forty-three names were enrolled.

An adjourned meeting, for the final organization of the company, was held at the same place, October 16 ; and the report of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws adopted ; and the organization named Quincy National Guards. The following officers were selected for the ensuing year :

January 9, 1874, Capt. J. B. Cahill died. January 17, following, a meeting was held at the office of Wheat, Ewing & Hamilton, to pass resolutions respecting the death of Capt. Cahill. It was then decided to take active steps under the company organization.

Shortly after, a room was obtained in the Powers building to be used for drill purposes. In the following spring, the company occupied Bidder's hall as an armory.

At the election. May 1, 1874, the following officers were elected : Gen. John Tillson, Captain ; E. B. Hamilton, 1st Lieutenant ; Charles U. Colburn, 2d Lieuienant ; George W. Fogg, Quartermaster; Warren DeCrow, Commissary: C. H.Morton, Surgeon; and the Rev F. L. Hosmer, Chaplain.

In May of that year, fifty-six uniforms were purchased, and the company made its first public parade on the occasion of the decoration ceremonies, on May 30, 1874.

As the guests of Company A, St. Louis National Guards, the company participated in the ceremonies of the opening of the St. Louis bridge, at St. Louis, July 4, 1874. On the eve of the company's departure for St. Louis, an elegant silk flag was presented by its lady friends. The presentation ceremony took place in Washington Square, on the afternoon of the 3d of July, 1874.

In the Fall of 1874, the company received from the State eighty stand of new Springfield breech-loading rifle muskets, and, as ordered, turned their old guns over to the Quincy Veterans.

At the May election, 1875, the following ofiicers were elected: Gen. John Tillson, Captain ; E. B. Hamilton, 1st Lieutenant ; C. S. Hickman, 2d Lieutenant ; George W. Fogg, Quartermaster; C. U. Colburn, Commissary; W. DeCrow, Surgeon ; and the Rev. Edward Anderson, Chaplain.

By General Order Xo. 3, from Adjutant General's office, of date of December 21, 1875, assigning to their respective regiments the various companies in the State, this company was assigned to the Fourth Regiment Illinois State Guards.

Early in the present year a meeting of the officers of the various companies composing the Fourth Regiment, was, by order of Adjt.-Gen. II. Hilliard, directed to be held at Peoria, for regimental organization and election of regimental officers.

At tlie meeting held in Peoria, an order was made by the Adjutant General, revoking the order assigning the company to the Fourth, and assigning it to the Eighth Regiment.

The uniform of the Association is, substantially, the same as that worn by the Thirteenth Regiment of the National Guard of the State of New York. It consists of dress coat and pantaloons of Cadet grey, cut to measure. The coat, Privates', has skirt faced with black ; the breast and collar are trimmed with black cord : it has three rows of Illinois State iiattern gilt buttons on the breast, and buttons on skirt and cufls. Trowsers, Privates', has black stripe, IJ^ inches wide, down the outer seam. Hats, dress. Thirteenth Regiment pattern have gilt ornament and letters Q. G., and white cock's lountaiu plume. Epaulets, Privates', are grey and white. Drummer's uniform, same as Piivate's, except breast and collar of coat is triinmed with red worsted cord, and a red-worsted knot takes the place of the epaulet. Non-commissioned officers' imiform is same as Privates', except they wear grey, white and bullion epaulets, and have gold chevrons on black cloth. Officers' uniforms are the same as Privates', except they are ornamented with gold braid instead of black cord, and the coat has a gold star and bars on skirt facing, and gold bars on cufls. The sword and belt are U. S. A. regulation. The cap is like Privates', except that it has three rows of gold lace and large white fountain plume.

The National Guards were sworn into the Illinois State Guards under the military code, July 24th, 1877, as Company D, 8th Regiment I. N. G., numbering forty-two enlistecl men. They were ordered out by the governor, and participated in putting down the riot at East St. Louis, doing very etiective service. Capt. E. B. Hamilton commanding the Eighth Regiment, 1st Lieutenant, Robert E. Coxe, took command of the company. Thej- participated in tlie trrand review in St. Louis after the close of the campaii^u, being the guests of Company A, ^t. Louis National Guards. Upon the reorganization of the Eighth Regiment, C. S. Hickman was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment ; A. \V. Littleton was elected to fill the vacancy; Capt. E. B. Hamilton resigned and accepted a position on the governor's statfas Chief of Artillery, ranking as Brigadier-General. Robt. E.Coxe was elected Captain, and H. C. Nichols, 1st Lieutenant, to fill vacancies.

The company participated in the prize drills at the Quincy fair, in 1876, taking first prize, the Quincy Veterans being their contestants; also at Quincy fair in 1877, taking second prize, tlie Keokuk .TuuctionGuards being contestants; also at the Adams county fair at Camp Point in 1878, taking first prize, the Camp Point Guards, Keokuk Junction Guards, and Clayton Guards l)eing contestants. The company has over one hundi-ed honorary members, business men of the" city of Quincy and vicinity.

The active members of the company are young, energetic men of the city, nuiny of them leading business men ; they drill every Monday night. Their armory is open to tlie public, and they have extended general invitations to the friends of the company to visit their armory on their tlrill nights and see them. Their armory is nicely arranged, having a ladies' i)arlor, nun-room, dining-room and drill-room, with all necessary conveniences. The walls are beauTifully decorated with flags, spears, shields, battle axes, etc. ' The present roster of the company, "May 20, 1879 :

The Quincy Veteran Guards

Are an offspring of the " Quincy Veteran Corps and Aid Society," which organization was formed in the Fall of 1874, and continued as such until August, 1877, when, owing to the fact that a regular militia was being formed all over the State of Illinois, and independent military companies could no longer procure arms from the State, a reorganization was necessitated, the new company adopting the name of The Quincy Veteran Guards, and, after being regularly mustered, were assigned the position of Company B, Eighth Regiment, Illinois National Guard, which position they still occupy.

Preamble

" To promote association and fellowship among the soldiers of the tate war ; to keep alive the recollections connected therewith ; to protect each other's interests ; to do suitable honors to the memories of our deceased comrades, and to aid their families in the hour of adversity, sickness or death ; and to establish in connection therewith an independent military organization."

It will probably be well to state that until the reorganization in August, 1877, none were eligible to membership excepting persons who had served in the Union army during the late rebellion. Under the present organization all able-bodied men between the ages of eighteen and forty, of good moral character, are eligible to membership.

1st Corporal - G.W.Stewart. ith Corporal - John Meise. 1th Corporal - August Meise. 2d " White Johnston. 5th " Chas. Amburn. 8th " John McLean.

Keokuk Junction Guards

J. C. Todd, A. S. Weed, John Willis, Herman Wvgora, Lewis Wolfe, ]\Iicke Whalen, William Vanholt, Barney Vandenboom, Roljert C. Voeth, Eli Yerdlinger, George L. Schmitt, J. A. Mclnlyre, George O. Castleman, Henrv Ritter, A. F.'Roth.

The first effort at a cultivation of the military spirit among the adult population of this town occurred in 1874. Previous to that the military ardor of youth had been fostered in some degree by their elders in the customary forerunner of most militia organizations, a boy's company; but during the latter part of that summer a number of men were drilled by Col. Hanua, to prepare them to do escort duty in October at the reunion held here of the 56th and 78th Illinois Volunteers. This was strictly temporary and informal.

In the following year, 1875, an organization was effected, when William Hanna was elected Captain; Cornelius Hennirk, 1st Lieutenant; and H. E. Selby, 2d Lieutenant. With this organization drill was practised faithfully and with interest, a neat, cheap, " fatigue " uniform purchased, and arms obtained from the State, preparatory to a second " reunion" of the "old soldiers" during that autumn. In February, 1876, upon the first organization of the 8th Regiment, Capt. Hanna was elected and commissioned Colonel, and Lieut. Hennirk, Adjutant. In the company, Lieut. Selby was elected and commissioned Captain.

In July, 1877, the new State militia law rendering a new organization advisable, Col. Hanna resigned his position in the regiment, and Capt. Selby his in the company, and Col. Hanna was re-elected and commissioned Captain of the company. Not long after this reorganization the remarkable riots occurred so universal over the country, making it needful to obtain military aid, and Capt. Hanna's company was called with the regiment, and passed a week on duty in the field, taking a prominent and active part in the suppression of the East St. Louis riots; so prominent, in fact, that in Septembei' following, upon the reorganization of the 8th Regiment, Capt. Hanna was almost unanimously re-elected Colonel, and Capt. Selby, Adjutant, again dismembering the company and requiring still another reorganization.

The following is the result of that reorganization, with a full roster of Company E of the 8th Regiment of the Illinois National Guard, popularly known as Keokuk Junction Guards :

The Camp Point Guards

The military company known as the Camp Point Guards was organized at a meeting of the citizens of Camp Point, in Centennial hall, on Friday evening, July 20, 1877, and were sworn into the State service the same evening by Col. William Hanna, of Keokuk Junction.

The company then proceeded to the election of officers, with the following result : Captain, Richard Seaton; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph P. Lasley; 2d Lieutenant, Henry Folckemer; 1st Sergeant, Jacob N. Ettinger. The balance of the officers were appointed by the commissioned officers of the company. The company is composed of a good class of citizens, ranging in age from twenty to forty-five years, and of average height. About one-fifth of the company have seen active service in the war for the Union. The company was not called out during the riots of 1877, not having received their arms until the troubles were over.

At the Adams county fair for 1878 they took the third premium for efficiency in the manual of arms, marching and bayonet exercise. Should their services be needed by the State at any time no doubt but what thej^ will respond promptly and do efficient service.

Roster Of The Company

George M. Jacobs, Jacob F. Joseph, Thomas A. Lyon, Leander J. Miller, Frederick A. Morley, C. H. Oliver, Jacob Omer, James G. Pound, Frank M. Prettymau, John W. Roth, Herman Rethmeyer, E. A. Rhea, J.-W. Rhea,

Clayton Guards

B. Coe, 1st Sergeant. The company was mustered in with an enrollment of sixty-two men, and in twelve hours were ordered to East St. Louis, to assist in quelling the strike of 1877. They received the order only three hours before train time, and in that time unpacked the arms, and armed and equipped fifty men for the campaign (that being all the arms the company had drawn), and reported at Quincy, the headquarters of the regiment. From Quincy the company proceeded to East St. Louis, and while there acquitted themselves creditably

Constitution Of The United States Of America And Its Amendments

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, estahlish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general ivelfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our postenty, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Concrress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people ol the several states, and the electors in each "state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the" most numerous branch of the State Legislature.

No person shall be a representative who shhll not have attained to the age of twenty-five vears, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term^ of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six. New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, and Georgia three.

trhen vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years; and each Senator sliall have one vote.

Immediatdy after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of tlie Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then till such vacancies.

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen.

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President j9r6> teinj>ore^ in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of the President of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without'the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.

Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment according to law.

Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment require secresy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.

Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensa tion for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid oTit of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place.

No Senator or Kepresentative shall, during the time for which/ he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office.

Sko. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Eepresentatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it; but if not he shall return it with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by twothirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the otiicers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the i United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by j the consent of the Legislature of the. state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful buildings; and

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department ; or officer thereof. j

Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each pei'son.

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, ' unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.

No pi-efere?ice shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the jiorts of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.

-No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the

Sec. 10. ISlo state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex 'j)^^t facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

Ko state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.

No state shall, without the consent ot Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.

Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same term, be elected as follows:

Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United Slates, shall be appointed an Elector.

pThe Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Yice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-President.]

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States.

No person except a natural horn citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the oflBce of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-live years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Yice-President, and the Congress may bylaw provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President be elected.

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of them.

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States."

Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to tlie duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Su])reme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.

The President shall have power to till up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session.

Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may on extraordinary occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.

Section 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties, made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more states; between a state and citizens of another state; between citizens of different states; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects.

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction.

In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime.

escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.

Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two^or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the Congress.

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of au}- ])articular state.

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic violence.

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in threefourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation.

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in ])ursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the L^'nited States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Kepresentatives before mentioned, and the members of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial oflicers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.

The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Convention between the states so ratifying the same.

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names.

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition tiie Government for a redress of grievances.

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

The right of the people to be secure in tlieir persons, houses, papers, and eifects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia M'hen in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor sliall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to an}^ suit in law or equit}' commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person to be voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Yice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Yice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointf ' i no person have such majority, then from the persons having the liighest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Kepresentatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a metnber or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice- President, if such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. Xo state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the Lnited States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridgecl except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation thtrein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the United States, slmll have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability.

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States authoized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the LTnited States nor any state shall pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section 1. The riglit of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, oi- by any state, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Electors Of President And Vice-President Practical Rules For Every Day Use

How to find gross and net weight and j^rice of hogs. A short and simple method for finding the net weight, or price of hogs, when the gross weight or frict is given, and rice versa.

NoTK. - It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diminished by 1-5 or -» per cent, of we^ffht ^'^^^ ^^^ weight, aid the net weight increased by H or -ib per cent, of itself equals the gross

Rule. - Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 6308, and point off one decimal place - the result will be the correct answer in bushels and tenths of a bushel.

Rule. - Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or by 4i ordinary method, and point off one decimal place - the result will be the answer in bushels.

NoTE.-In estimating corn in the ear. the quality and the time it has been cribbed ma^t be taken iLto coi tideraron, since (orn will shrink considerably durine the Winter and Spring. This rale teneially hole's good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, prcvided, it is sound and clean.

Rule. - Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one decimal place - the result will be the contents in barrels of 3H- gallons.

Rule. - Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length (all in inches) in keversp:d order, so that its units will fall under the tens; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430; point off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons.

Rule. - Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and divide the product by 12 - the result will be the contents in square feet.

Rule.- -Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together (the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide the product by 12 - the result will be square feet.

KuLE. - Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a remainder); the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths.

Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches thick; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space.

To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the width of the building by .56 (hundredths); at one-third pitch, by .6 (tenths); at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths); at one-half pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken into consideration.

Note. - By J4 or >3 pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be M or K the width of the bailding higher than the walls or base of the rafters.

Rule. - Level the grain; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic feet; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point ofl: one place tothe left.

If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of ear corn to make 1 of shelled corn.

In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any given plot in square yards; then, given the number of yards, find out the number of rods and acres.

The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on the average, with sufiicient accuracy for ordinary purposes.

To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to walk in a straight line; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line

Farmers and others ly adopting the following simple and' ingenious contrivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard measure.

Take a foot rnle, and commencing at the base of the little finger of the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.

Rule. - Multiply the S(|uare of one-fifth of the circumference in inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark.

Rule. - The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point two places to the left; for ten times that tijne, remove the point one place to the left: for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the left.

Rule for converting English into American currency. Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.

U. S. Government Land Measure

The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal points. Tlie quarters are divided in the same way. The description of a forty acre lot would read: The south half of the west half of the southwest quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, or as the case miglit be; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.

A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3-45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league.

How To Keep Accounts

Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic manner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportuniry of acquiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and laborers.

Interest Table

Len(;tii of Time. Multiply the principal (amount of money at iuturest) by the fAm'. reduced to days : then di roduct bv the quotient obtained by ciividinfj 360 (the number of days iu the interest year) by the f iuteTcst, and tits quotient thus obtained will be the required interest.

Require the interest of $462.50 for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An interest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. $46:i.50 multiplied bv .48 gives $*K.0fl00; 360 divided by 6 (the per cent, of interest) gives 60, and $e2-2.0000 divided by (SO will give vou the exact interest, which is $3.70. If the rate of interest in the" above example were 12 per cent., we would dividel the $223.0000 by 30 (because 360 divided by 12 gives ;iO") ; if 4 per cent., we would divide bv W; if 8 per cent, by 45: and iu like manner for any other per cent.