DeKalb County, Illinois - Chapter 7: The Resurrectionists (2 of 2 so headed), 1868 (part 2 of 8)

The command moved a few miles on the 18th, reaching a point on the Marietta and Decatur road, Avithin one and a half miles of Howell's mills, which, on the 20th, was the immediate scene of the memorable and brilliant engagement and victory of the first brigade, in the great battle of Atlanta. Here the brigade rested on the 19th, and on the 20th moved forward and formed in line of battle on the south side of Peach Tree Creek, comprising a portion of the force which closed up a gap existing in the lines, and which the rebels were seeking with desperate eagerness. They found it, but too late to answer the purpose of victory. The 102d Illinois, 79th Ohio and 129th Illinois formed the first line, connectinir with the second brigade on the left. The 70th Indiana and 105th Illinois formed the second line, distance from the first, some two hundred yards. Between two and three o'clock, afternoon, the pickets on the crest of a hill in the brigade front commenced firing, the enemy charging over the open field in his front several lines deep. The lines of the division immediately advanced in splendid order up the hill when, on gaining the crest, they were so close upon the rebels that several regiments were intermingled.

Major E. F. Dutton, in absence of Colonel Dustin, commanded the regiment, assisted by senior Captain II. D. Brown, the former acting as Lieutenant-Colonel, the latter as Major. The second brigade having moved obliquely to the left, and the first line of the first brigade to the right, the front of 105th was nearly uncovered. Seeing the enemy coming in large numbers down the slope of the second hill, Major Dutton ordered the men to open fire, which was promptly done, the regiment advancing in good order, after a brief halt on the hill. The battle now raged furiously, the troops of the regiments giving not an inch of ground, but advancing, standing right up to the work. Soon the masses of rebels, after making a brave fight, indeed, faltered, and the national troops drove them back over the second hill and open field, the 105th reaching the summit almost simultaneously with the troops of the first line, from which point the regiment poured several volleys into the disordered and retreating ranks of the enemy. The fighting continued until dark, when the regiment and brigade commenced throwing up breastworks, and were busy at this work until nearly morning.

Major Dutton, in his report of this engagement, complimented the bravery and endurance of the subordinate officers and men of the regiment, and they in turn complimented the gallantry and dash of the Major. Captain IT. D. Brown, acting Major, with an air of coolness and firmness, assisted in pressing forward the line, and Adjutant D. D. Chandler, always at his post, and constituted the third person in the regiment's executive trinity. The splendid conduct of these officers on the field was the subject of enthusiastic comment on all hands, after the battle. The line officers were unusually enthusiastic, and led the men forward with the one idea that a victory was to be gained. And the men went in to win, even if it were necessary, to close in hand to hand struggle, which, indeed was done.

stand of colors, said by prisoners to have belonged to the l'2th Louisiana regiment, together Avith several swords and belts. The colors were captured by Sergeant Melvin Smith and George F. Cram, of Company F, and which capture was reported in the paper as " glory for the 105th."

The colors of the 10f>th were pierced with bullets, one shot going through the flag staff. The relics taken by the regiment were sent to the headquarters of the army, with the request that they be placed in' the State archives at Springfield.

The casualties were fifteen, six men being killed or mortally wounded, and it was miraculous that the Regiment did not suffer a loss of five times that number in so long and hard fought a battle, and the only manner of accounting for so providential an escape was, that most of the time the enemy were posted on the hill above the 105th, and in firing down the hill their shots were almost invariably made too high.

After the strife had died away and the moon had risen on the scene, an inspection of the grounds in front of the regiment and brigade. The sight was fearful. Dying and dead rebels lay in all attitudes of suffering and death. The youth and the middle-aged lay in their gore in groups or scattered about where they had fallen. Two dead rebels were noticed lying side-by-side. The arm of one was stretched upward and the fingers pointing to the moon, as though he would in" dicate to his comrade the way to the abodes of peace. Among the rebel wounded there was a young girl only nineteen years of age. A ball had struck her ankle and she was obliged to have her foot amputated. She bore her suffering heroically, and stated she had been in the service twenty-eight months. Many interesting incidents occurred, which if detailed would fill pages upon pages of history. A member of the regiment casually surveyed the battle grounds, now inside the lines, fitful fever was nearly over. On the faces of the dead the usual expressions of placid repose, fear, agony or fierce despair, lingered, and altogether the scene was one no pen could portray.

The morning of the 21st dawned on one of the greatest victories of the Avar, and the footing of the national army on the south side of Peach Tree Creek was equally as secure as its footing on south side of Chattahooche river.

During the battle General Ward, commanding the division, had made his headquarters in the valley, near the creek, at a point that commanded a view of the ground where his division fought. The old General was reported as being in ecstasy of delight when the first brigade entered the contest. k" See my old Iron Brigade,"' said he, striking his fists together. " Sec my old Iron Brigade - see them go in - the best d - d brigade in the service!" The brigade preserved an unbroken line throughout the fight. The entire Corps was elated with the victory, it being gained in open field, the advantages greatly in favor of the enemy.

General Hooker rode along the lines the morning of the battle, receiving the enthusiastic cheers of the soldiers. lie afterwards issued a congratulatory order.

General Hood, who commanded the Confederates, is reported as having remarked to his men as they were about to move to the attack, that they were going out to " gather acorns ;" alluding to the soldiers of the 14th Corps, who wore a badge representing an acorn. Their purpose was to break through on the left of that Corps, supposing they would meet nothing more than a line of skirmishers in their front. They were not less surprised than disappointed, however, to find themselves among the "stars."

over of ordinance and other property, - the troops advanced on the morning of the 22d toward Atlanta, the enemy having fallen back and established himself behind the inner defenses around the city. About one mile from the battle-field of the 20th, a strong line of works Avere found, the second line of city defenses, which the enemy did not stop to occupy.

Having proceeded several miles, the sound of opposing skirmishers warned the troops, who were marching by the Hank toward the city, that the " Johnnies" were about to make further resistance. The regiments were immediately formed in battle line and marched forward to within sight of the rebel defenses, when a halt was ordered and strong earthworks thrown up. The country through which this short advance was made was prolific of blackberries, which were left to the "bummers." After the brigade was halted he 105th found itself on the crest of one of the numerous hills for which the face of that region is noted. This position proved to be the most exposed of any regiment in the brigade, it being elevated and directly opposite a rebel battery. The boys quickly constructed earthworks here in order to protect themselves from the harrassing fire of the enemy. A battery Avas placed immediately behind the works, which made the position of the 105th an interesting one. So soon as the guns were in position a deliberate fire was opened on the opposing battery, which elicited immediate reply from the latter. For a while the boys of the 105th found it behooved them to "lie down" and "grab a root,"' until the novelty of the situation wore away. After dark the rebels made two dashes into the pickets in front of the brigade. And so - on the 22d of July, 1864, the seige of Atlanta commenced.

The position of the command here was about one or two miles north-east of the Georgia Railroad Avhich connects Atlanta with Marietta and Chattanooga. A direct forward movement Avould have brought the brigade into the northern suburbs of the city. On the 23d the enemy shelled the regiment and battery at intervals all day and at night. Next day the same, the battery replying occasionally. The pickets were again alarmed in the evening. The same routine of artillery firing and dashing among the pickets was gone through with on the 25th.

The picket line in the brigade front was somewhat in advance of the line on the right and left. A deep ravine running from the enemy's works traversed the left of the brigade line, and lead into the rear of the picket reserve post. The line might have been flanked here had the rebels been disposed to attempt it. This made this advanced position one demanding constant and close watchfulness. The rebels made a strong dash on that part of the line on the night of the 24th, when a heavy fire of musketry took place. Lieutenant Trego, of the 102d Illinois, was in charge of the outposts at that time, several of his men becoming frightened, fled to the rear, but the Lieutenant rallied the balance and under the enemy's fire gallantly urged them to stand firm, which they did. Soon the rebels were repulsed, after which the Lieutenant found that the reserve post had been abandoned by all but Lieutenant Willard Scott of the 105th, and a few men. It appears that two heavy lines of rebels were repelled by a skirmish line, which had been ingloriously deserted by the most of the supporting force.

The lines were advanced and new entrenchments made during the first three days. On the night of the 26th the division moved back some distance in reserve, the 105th occupying some abandoned works. On the 28th orders were received to move around to the right of the general line for the purpose of supporting General Howard's forces, who had become heavily engaged with the enemy, but before the command had arrived within supporting distance, word was sent to return to camp ; the rebels having already been successfully repulsed.

During the battle on the extreme left on the 22d, the noble commander of the Army of the Tennessee, fell - James B. McPherson. That command had constituted the flanking army, and on the way from Chattanooga to Atlanta applied the key to the locks of rebel positions. The news of Mc- Pherson's death was received along the lines amid expressions of disappointment and with feelings of sorrow.

General Hooker called the officers of the Third Division together on the 29th, and bade them farewell, informing them that he had been ill used, and could no longer remain in command of the Twentieth Corps. The officers and men reluctantly parted with the dashing old General, who had seemed every way worthy of his "stars."

On the 29th the Third division moved around to the right some six miles, to support other movements and to protect the flank of the army near the Montgomery and West Point Railroad. The brigade supported a division of the Fourth Corps, under General Jefferson C. Davis, while the latter took up a new position. Moved in rear of that division and constructed breastworks at a right angle with the main line, protecting the flank and rear. Remained here doing picket duty and working on fortifications until the 2d of August, when the command moved back along the left of the lines, and on the 3d relieved the First division of the Fourteenth Corps, behind the front line of works, and near the Georgia Railroad ; the left of the 105th rested on the railroad track.

The next day (4th,) Colonel Dustin arrived from leave of absence in improved health, and assumed command of the regiment. His return was hailed with delight by all, especially as he brought with him numerous packages for distribution among the officers and men, from the friends of the regiment. Major Dutton and Captain Brown were on the 4th mustered in as Lieutenant Colonel and Major, respectively, having been previously recommended for those positions. The promotion in the field of those brave and popular officers gave great satisfaction to the regiment, as experience had developed in them rare executive powers and good soldierly qualities.

While lying in the trenches before Atlanta the energies of the troops were severely tested by the hard labor necessary for the construction of heavy works, abatis, etc. A battery - being portions of Captains Smith' and Geary's - was located behind the fortifications with the 105th regiment, and the boys in addition to strengthening their works were detailed to assist the battery men in building extra works for the better protection of the gunners from the shells of the rebel guns. A strong; fortification, about six feet hio-h, was constructed with logs and dirt, in the form of a semi-circle, long enough to receive four guns with ease, the officers and men of the regiment detailed for the purpose, working at night in order to avoid the fire of rebel sharp-shooters. The battery frequently opened on the rebel defenses, which were in plain view, making the regiment "bob" their heads down occasionally, as the fragments of rebel iron came screaming through the air in close proximity to their respective persons. Now and then a shell would burst immediately over the "bummer's" quarters, further to the rear, sometimes disturbing the equilibrium of that class of "bummers " avIio would like to "get through safe if they could."

Amid the perils of the situation there Avere always found a few humorous spirits whose forte seemed to he to relieve, by some timely joke or "flash of merriment," the pains of the hour. Many a poor, despairing mother's boy had never seen his earthly home again had he not been made to forget his troubles by the wit or facetiousness of these happy fellows. In the different companies of the regiment were many such characters. No difficulties overcame them ; they were constitutionally cheerful, and capable of extracting good cheer out of every occasion. Endurance was born of cheerfulness, and so they fainted not.

The One Hundred And Fifth. I At

steady fire nearly all day, on the rebel defenses and the city. The rebel battery replied in the evening to the salutations of the guns of Captains Smith and Geary. Almost constantly, day and night, the regiment was exposed to the fire of sharpshooters, the balls falling all about the grounds behind the works, now and then striking a man. In this wiy Corporal J. L. Gage, of Company II, Captain J. S. Forsythe, was mortally wounded on the 12th, and a faithful colored cook of Company K, Captain A. F. Parke, instantly killed while eating his dinner, on the 14th.

(hi the morning of the 13th, Second Lieutenant Augustus IT. Fischer of Company I, a most excellent young officer and esteemed comrade, was killed on the skirmish line in front of the works. His loss was deeply felt by all the officers and men of the regiment ; especially by the members of Company I., who had shared the dangers of conflict by his side, and respected him for his bravery. Lieutenant Fischer will be remembered for his genial temper, his unswerving fidelity, and his self-sacrifice.

On the evening of the 16th, while superintending some work near the fortification before his company (E), Captain Martin V. Allen was severely wounded in his right arm, by a bullet from a sharpshooter. A number of men were mortally wounded on the skirmish line.

The skirmish line was in such close proximity to the enemy that the men had to exercise the utmost caution, and expend much labor in building rifle-pits for the security of the pickets and skirmishers. The enemy seemed to take especial exceptions to the operations of the men at this point in the lines, and kept up a steady, severe, and almost incessant fire for several weeks. Being accustomed to take shelter behind certain houses near their own lines, thev gained, some advantage in firing upon our men. Efforts had been made with the rebel pickets to stop this firing by mutual agreement, without success. On the night of the 18th Corporal Herman Furness, of Company C, and two comrades of the 105th, equipped with combustible material, proceeded cautiously out and set three of the buildings on fire, burning them to the ground. It was well and bravely done, after which picket-firing was finally stopped by mutual consent.

Just back of the lines, several thirty-two pound parrot gun were operating almost continually night and day, for some weeks, shelling the city of Atlanta and the rebel defenses. Occasionally shells from these guns would prematurely explode before reaching our own lines, the pieces scattering in all directions among the men of the I05th, causing some annoyance, but no one was hurt by them. With additional danger it was amusing to hear the boys crying, " Hello ! fire in the rear !" " Lie down !" " Grab a root !"

On the night of the 25th, the command withdrew from behind the works - the Brigade Band playing " Yankee Doodle " and other airs byway of a parting courtesy to the " Johnnies." During the night, as if suspecting the troops were retiring from their front, the rebel pickets fired at the 105th skirmishers occasionally, and inquired, " Are you there ?" To which inquiry they received a ready affirmative, " Yes, we are here." Whereupon the rebels would respond, " We just wanted to be sure about it - don't want you to get away without our knowledge of the fact." While this conversation was going on the whole army was moving from behind the works, and the rebels soon found themselves outwitted. The 105th pickets failed to get the order to retire during [the night, and remained at their several posts until about daylight in the morning, long after the troops and other pickets had gone.

The command moved back to Chattahoochee river, after being on the road all night, arriving at early dawn. On the 26th bivouacked on the south side of the river, and on the 27th crossed the river and took up a position near the railroad track, between the 33d Massachusetts and 120th Illinois regiments, where the 105th went into camp. Here the regiment with axes and hatchets hewed out a fine camping-place in the

On the morning of the 2d of September, Brigadier-General Ward, division commander, entered the city with a portion of the Third division, and the mayor formally surrendered to him all that was left of Atlanta. The regiment was moved back to the south side of the river, near the railroad bridge, where it remained in camp until the morning of the 16th of September, when all the regiments of the brigade except the 105th, moved to Atlanta and re-joined the division, the 10 5th re-crossing the river and camping close to the railroad track a few hundred yards from the river. Here, again the boys fitted up good quarters, and thoroughly policed their camp grounds, which were located pleasantly, facing an almost unobstructed view of the Chattahoochee river and valley for a distance of about eight miles.

With the capture of Atlanta, what is called the " Atlanta campaign" ended. The entire army had, amid tempests- of fire Avhich burst forth at various points, and under a steady rain of bullets for four long months, swept majestically down from Chattanooga to Atlanta, over mountains, rivers, and a continuous succession of hills and ravines. The country between the two places named, constituted one great battle-field for upwards of an hundred miles. While in camp on the south side of Chattahoochee river, on the 10th of September, the following congratulatory order of the Major-General commanding was read to the 105th, while on dress parade for the first time in four months. General Sherman in general terms summed up the achievements of the army, thanked the officers and men for their indomitable courage, their perseverance and fidelity, and paid an eloquent tribute to the memory of fallen comrades .

From the 16th of September to the 14th of November the 105th remained encamped at Chattahoochee river, near the railroad bridge, as already mentioned.

on the 18tb of September, Colonel Harrison having been ordered to Indiana on special business. Lieutenant Colonel Dutton succeeded in command of the 105th. Subsequently General Ward received leave of absence for thirty days, "when Colonel Dustih succeeded that officer in command of the division, Colonel Smith of the 102d Illinois commanding the brigade.

Lieutenant-Colonel li. F. Vallette, Naperville, DuPage county, resigned June 18th, 1804, Major E. F. Dutton, De- Kalb county, succeeding as Lieutenant-Colonel ; mustered August 4th, 1864.

Captain II. 1>. Brown, Company A, Sycamore, was promoted Major June 18th, - mustered August 4th, First-Lieutenant George B. Heath succeeding as Captain.

Captain Theodore S. Rogers, Company B, Naperville, resigned September 30th, 1804, First Lieutenant Lucius B. Church, Winfield, succeeding as Captain. Lieut. Church had been detailed at Gallatin on General Paine's staff, where he remained after the regiment moved from that point. Subsequently he was detailed as Post-Quartermaster, and ordered to Paducah, Kentucky, where he remained during the balance of his term of service. Second Lieutenant Willard Scott Avas commissioned First Lieutenant, September 30th, 1804, but for some unaccountable reason not mustered until June 1st, 1865, within six days of the muster-out of the regiment. Although entitled to enjoy such rank from every consideration of merit and capacity, he sustained his original position in Company B until the end of the Avar, being the only officerin

First Lieutenant, John W. Burst, Company C, Franklin, honorably discharged, October 10th, 1864, on account of wounds received at Burnt Hickory, May 25th. First Sergeant Isaac S. Brundage, Cortland, promoted First Lieutenant October, 18th. First Lieutenant William M. Tirtlot, Company F, honorably discharged, November 28th, 1864, on account of wounds received at Reseca, May 15th. First Sergeant Melvin Smith, Winfield, promoted First Lieutenant, April 13th, not mustered until March 30, 1865.

Captain William 0. Locke, Company I, Addison, Du Page, honorably discharged, August 25th, 1864, on account of wounds received at Reseca, May 15th, First Lieutenant George A. Bender, Chicago, mustered as Captain, October 15th.

On the 9th of September, the news of the death of that famous guerrilla chief, John Morgan, was reported in camp, which proved to be a true report, notwithstanding many " grape-vine " dispatches were being received among the boys during the resting spell of the army at Atlanta and vicinity. The same day a report that the guerrilla Wheeler had cut the railroad communications of the army between Atlanta and Chattanooga also proved true, but the only ill effects experienced was the temporary stoppage of the army mails, which severed the sympathetic lines between the boys in camp and friends at home.

A report of casualties pertaining to the 105th was made out on the 10th of September, embracing the names of officers and men killed, wounded and missing during the Atlanta campaign, showing the following numbers : Commissioned officers killed, two ; wounded, thirteen ; enlisted men killed, forty-one ; wounded, one hundred and three ; missing, t wo ; total casualties, officers and men, one hundred and sixty-one.

The number of officers and men, embracing the Avhole belonging to the regiment, present and absent, on the 30th of April, 18(54, amounted to six hundred and seventy-four ; on the 10th of September, five hundred and eighty-seven. On the former date that number was situated as follows : Present, officers and men, for duty, four hundred and forty-six ; on special or daily duty, seventy-two ; sick, twenty-seven - five hundred and forty-five. Absent, on detailed service, eightysix ; with leave, seven ; sick, etc., thirty-three ; without authority, three - one hundred and twenty-nine ; present and absent, six hundred and seventy-four. On the latter date, September 10th, there were, officers and men : present, for duty, two hundred and sixty-three ; on special or daily duty, forty-two ; sick, thirty-two - three hundred and thirty-seven. Absent, on detached service ninety-six ; with leave, twelve ; sick, one hundred and forty-two - 250;present ; and absent, five hundred and eighty-seven.

The effective force of the regiment on the 30th of April, 1804, or just before the opening of the campaign, embracing commissioned officers and enlisted men, was four hundred and forty-six. On the 10th of September, or just after the close of the campaign, two hundred and sixty-three.

The 1st of October, the First brigade returned from garrison duty at Atlanta and took up position on the 4th, near the railroad bridge on the south side of the river. Just now the main army was on the lookout for General Hood's forces, who seemed disposed to punish General Sherman by making a formidable raid on the railroad in his rear. Cannonading was heard on the 2d, in the direction of Sandtown, south of the railroad bridge, and there was considerable activity manifest among the troops. The two long wagon and railroad bridges were partially undermined and carried away by high water, when pontoons were immediately thrown across the river, over which General Howard's command crossed on the 4th, passing the camp of the 105th on their way for the raiders. Five companies, comprising the left wing of the 105th, were stationed in a strong earth fort opposite the camp on the 0th, and heavy details made for work on the fortifications. Two guns were placed in this fort and two in a fort near the camp. After a few days of hard toil, during which the boys completed the work on the forts and surrounded them with heavy abatis, the men announced themselves readyfor the " Johnnie Hoods." ]>ut beyond the occasional dashes of marauding parties at different points on the roadnear this section, nothing transpired to disturb the quiet of the brigade.

During the passsage of General Howard's troops, General Sherman and a portion of his staff", who were accompanying them, dined at regimental headquarters by invitation of Lieutenant-Colonel Dutton. The General was then, to the casual observer, an ordinary-appearing man, of medium height, slender, unstately and wiry. He seemed absorbed and nervous. Stepping up to the tent door, without ceremony, he remarked inquiringly, " Is this the place ?" and in he strode, taking a seat at the table. In military campaigning he was entirely unassuming in his manners, but eminently practical, and seemingly oblivious to everything save the work of the time. As an operator in the field this plain man is one of consummate skill. Atlanta is a fitting commentary on his genius.

Lieutenant-Colonel Dutton received leave of absence on the 28th of September, and started for his home at Sycamore on the 9th of October, Major Brown succeeding to the command of the regiment. Several officers receiving leave of absence were detained at camp until the railroad bridge was repaired, admitting the passage of upward-bound trains from Atlanta.

Mclvin Smith, Company F, with a detachment of men, on the 3d, acting under imperative orders, destroyed a bridge over a creek at an important point several miles down the river, remaining there on the lookout for guerrillas two days. Scouting and foraging parties were sent out frequently from the brigade. An Orderly on duty at brigade head-quarters was killed bv a guerrilla while bearing a dispatch to Atlanta, on the 11th.

The danger to this position contingent on the movements of Hood's forces being passed, the left wing of the regiment was moved back from the fort to the main camp, on the 17th. On the 19th, a train of cars was partially burned by guerrillas, on the road between Marietta and Chattahoochee river.

A train on its way to Atlanta was molested by guerrillas on the 20th, producing quite a panic among a number of unarmed men, some striking for the woods and running several miles back to the camp. This was a little rebel victory.

Major Brown was sent into the country on the 24th in charge of a foraging party of some five hundred and fifty men and a long train of wagons. After three days absence he returned with men and train intact, having loaded his wagons with corn and provisions. On the second day out the party was attacked several times by guerrillas, and the Maj. narrowly escaped being shot. Among the articles secured by foragers in large quantities were, corn, pumpkins and sweet potatoes, which, taken with "hardtack" and coffee, was deemed a healthful combination for the disters of the First brigade - the mules generally eating the corn !

On the 29th, the regiment received orders to send back all surplus baggage, preparatory to entering upon another active campaign. Several absentees arrived reporting for duty.

Tiie One Hundred And Fifth

Third division on the 31st. Soon after his return, November 9th, Colonel Dustin was placed in command of the Second brigade of the Third division, formerly commanded by Colonel John Coburn, of the 33d Indiana. This command Colonel Dustin retained until the close of the war. Colonel Dutton then took permanent command of the regiment. Since the battle of Atlanta, on the 20th of July, the Lieutenant Colonel rose still higher in the estimation of the men, and was deemed an officer fit to succeed the Colonel as regimental commander.

Adjutant D. D. Chandler, of the 105th, was mentioned by Colonel Dustin, and also by General Ward, in connection with a position on their respective staffs. No officer was more assiduous in his duties, and none filled their offices with more credit than this officer.

General Thomas' head-quarter train passed the camp of the 105th on the 31st, en route to Chattanooga. As General Hood's command had now struck out for Nashville, General Thomas moved to that point to receive him.

On the 5th of November the regiment received marching orders and was prepared to move on short notice, but the orders were countermanded. Considerable speculation as to where General Sherman would go next, was indulged in by the troops, but all in vain. Such information was "contraband of war." But every soldier knew the army was soon to enter upon a long and rapid march. Accustomed to march together and to "strike together," its future movements were destined to be executed expeditiously and successfully. Sherman's men had finally attained to that degree of boldness and endurance, in their education and experience as soldiers, as to be regarded by the rebels and the world quite invincible.

The last train of cars passed up the road norttnvard on the 15th, when the troops of the Fifteenth Corps tore up the track from Marietta to Chattahoochee river, the men of the 105th assisting; in the work on the 15th. The railroad bridge was destroyed in the evening. On the 14th the regiment finally broke up camp and started at six o'clock for Atlanta, destroying the remainder of the track on the way. Regiment camped one mile beyond the city, ready to enter upon the grand march commenced by Sherman's expedition on the following day.

General Sherman's forces embraced the 14th, 17th and 20th Army Corps, making over 50,000 men, besides 0,000 picked cavalry under Kilpatrick. They were supplied with thirty days rations for man and beast. With a scout system and courier line complete, this combination swept across the State of Georgia with the force of a mighty whirlwind, destroying railroads, bridges, mills, cribs, gin houses, cotton screws, gins, &c, carrying off stock, provisions and negroes. The station houses along the railroads were burnt, and hundreds of unoccupied buildings of all kinds destroyed, together with large quantities of lumber, fences, cotton and every kind of property calculated for the comfort of rebels and the use of rebel armies. The country was rich, and provisions abounded. The troops subsisted on fresh pork, sweet potatoes, flour and meal, with all the concomitant luxuries ; among which may be mentioned turkeys, chickens, ducks, molasses, sugar, etc.

The expedition being set in motion on the morning of the 15th of November, the Twentieth Corps moved out with its long wagon train on the Decatur pike in the direction of that place. The first brigade fell into the column at noon. Being in the rear of the Corps and behind the train, the marching was during the day and night slow and tedious. About thirty-four hours of such marching brought the command to its first encampment, at a point on the Atlanta and Augusta R. R., called Lithonia, having crossed a branch of Ocmulgee river, near Decatur, and passed Stone Mountain. The railroad was destroyed as the column advanced.

Atlanta was left partially in flames. During the night of the 15th the consuming elements cast a glare of red to the heavens, grandly constrasting with the surrounding gloom. Thus, the horrors of the torch was added to the powers of the sword, and Atlanta brought to a fiery judgment.

The march was resumed at early dawn on the 17th, the first brigade in advance of the column. Marching rapidly the brigade made some twenty miles, foraging off the country as it passed. Foragers brought to camp sweet potatoes in abundance, shotes, chickens and honey. Fine country; watered by numerous streams.

On the 19th, moved seven miles, the first brigade being in the rear. Passed through the large and beautiful town of Madison, on the R. R., the county seat of Morgan county. Camped several miles beyond on the Milledgeville pike. Great activity among the foragers and " bummers." At Madison the soldiers were received with joy by the blacks. The Avhitcs looked on in silence. The regiment entered the town with ilag unfurled. The word among the negroes, old and young, as the column was passing through the streets, was, " Is you gwine?" One answer, as overheard by a number of the 105th, was, "Gwine? I'se already gone!" Indeed many followed the army from this point, men, women, children and babies. The women carried their bundles on their heads, their children on their backs and in their arms - as, for instance, a wench following the 105th with a huge bundle of clothes and traps on her head, arms full of babies and one child on her back ! She wanted to see good old " Mass Linkum." They advised her to return to her old haunts, but the spirit of resolution said " nay." Evidently, her life was set upon a cast, and she would stand the hazard of the die. What became of the poor soul is not known.

On the 20th, marched at five o'clock, morning. Weather cloudy and damp - considerable rain last night. Distance marched about twelve miles. Camped within two miles of Eatonton, a pleasant looking town of about 1,800 inhabitants. Fine country.

The weather very wet and disagreeable on the 21st. Troops marched under heavy and steady rain part of the day, literally wading single file, through mud. Passed through Eatonton, from which place a railroad called the Eatonton branch runs down through Milledgcville, connecting at Number Seventeen with the Georgia Central Railroad, passed through a small place called Fairfield, on the railroad. Camped at dusk. Marched rapidly on Milledgeville. Entered the place in good order at 4 P. M., with colors flying and bands playing. The colored population received the troops with great satisfaction as usual. Camped in the city limits.

Remained in camp at this point on the 23d. In the evening the regiment was detailed to assist in destroying rebel property. Several thousand stands of arms, and a large amount of ammunition, was committed to the flames. Also, twenty casks of salt thrown into the river.

Resumed the march at dawn on the 24th, crossing the Oconee river north-east of town. On the road all day and night, the teams being delayed by bad roads. Camped at three o'clock A. M.

On the 25th, moved only five miles, starting at noon, the brigade in the rear. The rebels burned a number of bridges over swampy ground and streams, the column being delayed until the road was repaired. Heard cannonading in the direction of the other columns. Column passing through swampy country ; enemy seeking to retard the progress of the troops.

Passed over regular Georgia swamps on the 26th ; marching rapidly after noon, arrived at Sanderville, a small, dull place, at about 4 P. M. 105th camped close to the town ; Wheeler's cavalry hovering about in front. Skirmishing for two days - several killed. Sandersvillc is near the Georgia Central Railroad, in Hancock county. The business portion of the town was sacked, of course ; the troops of the column in turn helping themselves to whatever they wanted from the stores. In some of the towns goods had been [removed in order to prevent them from falling into the hands of the Yan-

Left Sandersville at 8 o'clock, on the 27th, marching rapidly to the railroad, which the column crossed, moving some distance on the wrong road. General Slocum righted the column, after parading up and down the road several times in a swearing mood. Arrived at Davisboro, on the railroad, at sundown, regiment camping in a peanut patch. I J ere the boys met troops of one of the other corps. Everybody seemed to be in ccstacies. The foragers, sent out daily from the regiment, were gathering in the very fat of the land. The "bummers," who roamed unrestrained over the country, were filling their pockets with treasures, and dressing themselves up in broadcloth clothes. In short, the boys felt "bully." They acted on the hypothesis that " all is fair in love and war."

Citizens in the country were in the habit of secreting goods, and burying valuables, to keep them from the raiders, but the " Yankees " espied them out. Most everything was overturned in smoke-houses and kitchens, during the search for edibles ; the foragers for the yards and kitchens, and the "bummers'' for the parlors, bed-rooms and bureau-drawers. Let the reader imagine a house full of forage and pleasure-seekers, actively manipulating the effects of the premises, and some idea of a raid in war times may be gained. This is the unavoidable, natural consequence of war. "Those who take up the sword must perish by the sword."

On the 28th, left Davisboro at 11 o'clock, making a rapid march toward Louisville, a point twelve miles north-cast of Davisboro. Arrived within seven miles of the town and camped early in the afternoon. The early halt at this point was occasioned by the burning of bridges over swamps and across a branch of the Ogeechee river, near Louisville.

The road having been repaired, the column moved forward on the 29th, the first brigade starting at one o'clock, afternoon. The 105th and a part of the 102d Illinois were thrown forward a mile on the double-quick to protect the pontoon train, reported to have been attacked by guerrillas. On arriving near the wragons they were found safe, the enemy having been easily dispersed. Crossed river branch, passed through Louisville, and camped at dusk three miles beyond the town.

Remained in camp on the 30th, the bad state of the roads in the swamps evidently being the cause of the delay. Foragers were sent out from the regiment, coming in close proximity with guerrillas ; but enough forage was gathered before the party returned to camp.

On the 1st December, resumed the march at ten A. M., moving in single file by the train, the swampy country not admitting the passage of troops and the train together in many places. The work of getting the trains over the roads was accomplished with difficulties. Arrived in camp at nine P. M. ; distance about seven miles.

The o;uerrillas attacked the mounted men of the first brigate, and after a brisk skirmish fight, the latter fell back to the column, losing several men.

November 2d, a clear sky and balmy atmosphere - characteristic of fall weather of old Georgia ! The command marches off, full of inspiration of good weather, starting at eleven A. M., and turning into camp at eleven P. M., tired and hungry. Distance 14 miles.

On the 3d, proceeding a few miles through swamps, the column emerged into a beautiful pine forest, near the line of the Savannah and Augusta Railroad. Here the first brigade left the column, and, after a rapid march of four miles northward, struck the railroad at a point forty-five miles from Augusta and thirteen miles from Millen Junction. After destroying several miles of railroad track, and a large quantity of lumber, moved down the track, and re-joined the column.

On the 4th, marched ten miles, passing through several swamps and pine forests. Country well supplied with good water. Cannonading heard in the direction of Millen Junction.

The whole country over which the army passed, seemed to be disfigured by fire - houses, fences, woods and grass burning in all directions. Immediately along the line of the marching column the fences were consumed by the fiery element, and during the long night marches, on either side, the roads were arrayed with lights. Frequently the tired trampers were deceived by the fires; calculating that they were drawingnear where the advance had already gone into camp. But usually a long series of lights intervened ere the object of desire was reached.

( )n the 5th, moved about eight miles, passing the first division encamped. Turned in at three P. M, here to await the arrival of General Geary's command. The advance skirmished with the enemy, pressing him right along. Passed more swamps. Twelve miles to nearest point of Savannah river.

Moved forward to within nine miles northwest of Springfield, on the Cth, and camped at sundown. The road obstructed by felled trees, but quickly removed or evaded.

On the 7th, pushed rapidly on, the first brigade in advance of the corps. Moved five miles, when the head of the column paused on the borders of a huge swamp, the road here being blockaded by trees. Before the pioneers cleared and repaired the road, the brigade passed over. Stripped of all encumbrances the command moved briskly forward, four miles, and occupied Springfield without opposition. Here turned in and awaited the arrival of the column.

bly twenty-five miles from Savannah ; a small, dingy-looking place among the swamps. The citizens - mainly women - had buried many valuables in the yards, but the soldiers exhumed them. Fine dishes, silver spoons, articles of clothing, and other things too numerous to mention, were carried off by the boys. One man dressed himself up as a lady - his toilet rather rudely "performed."

A member of the 10f)th entered a doctor's office in quest of some improved liquors, of which he was passionately fond. Tie unwittingly seized upon a bottle marked uVinum Antimonia" (wine of antimony, an emetic), taking it for a superior quality of wine. In the ardor of self-congratulation at his success, he immediately partook of the precious fluid. But alas, for the infelicitous effects of vinum antimony - as a beverage - upon the human organism, ere many moments " Jonah" was heaved out on dry land.

Remained in camp throughout the day on the 8th. During this pause the foragers and "bummers " had an interesting time looking over the country and overhauling " other folks' things." Several miles away, a dwelling, well stocked with household effects, among which was a piano-forte and a large collection of books, became the scene of spoliation. The foragers from the 105th found it deserted by its occupants, and full of men ransacking the rooms, drawers, and scattering the books and pictures about the floors, and even in the yard. This is what war brings alike to the innocent and the guilty.

At sundown the regiment and brigade fell into the rear of the column, and, amid the glare of burning buildings, moved slowly out of town. After a wearisome, jogging march all night and after broad day-light, paused fifteen minutes for breakfast. Cannonading heard in the night in the direction of the river.

On the 9th the column was on the road, moving along all day and until late in the night ; no sleep for forty hours. The advance of the corps captured two small earthworks, located

The first brigade in advance on the 10th, the 105th at the head of the brigade. Marched up to within four and a half miles of Savannah, meeting the enemy's pickets before the defences around the city. The brigade was immediately deployed in the line on the right of the main pike and near the Savannah and Charleston Railroad, the 105th holding a position on the right of the line in the brigade. There was some fighting on the right by the troops of the seventeenth corps.

The Second Division, Fifteenth Corps, charged and captured Fort McAllister, with all its men and armament, on the 18th, thus opening a base at the mouth of the Ogeechee river, in Ossabaw Sound. Official notice of the capture, and consequent opening of communication with the national fleet, was received along the lines on the 15th.

On the 16th and 17th the regiment threw up a heavy line of works, and on the night of the 20th a line was thrown up on the skirmish line. On the night of the 18th Captain J. S. Forsythe, Company II, in charge of ten men, was sent out on a reconnoissance to ascertain the position of the enemy in front of the brigade. He proceeded to within twenty yards of the enemy's lines, encountering a deep swamp. He observed their fires and heard them talk ; after drawing their fire, he returned with his party, having accomplished all that was desired.

No casualties occurred in the 105th while laying before the city. The enemy kept their guns at work, and occasionally a shell would burst over the camp, the missiles scattering among the boys ; but no one was hurt.

A. Bender, Company I, was wounded in the back and ankle severely, while working on the railroad between Chattahoochee river and Atlanta, on the 15th of November.

While before the city the army subsisted on rice and stale fresh beef - a rather slim diet. The former was taken from mills in large quantities and hulled by the soldiers.

As the army was about to make a general assault upon the defenses, the enemy evacuated the city, and in the words of the editor of the daily (Savannah) Republican, it was surrendered to "a magnanimous foe." The army entered the citv on the 21st inst.

The troops, in ecstacics over the victorious culmination of the campaign, left their entrenchments early Wednesday evening, the 21st, and marched forward to behold their capture - Savannah !

The first brigade was assigned to a pleasant camping ground in the western suburbs of the city, on the 21st, and there the 105th rested until the beginning of the campaign of the Carolinas.

The spirit of speculation was rife during the first days of the occupation by the national troops. Soldiers from all regiments were to be seen on the sidewalks, and even in the middle of the streets, trafficking in tobacco and other articles which had been easily obtained in the confusion incident to the transfer of the city to national authority. Greenbacks rose suddenly in Savannah. Fair damsels sat at their windows, with sweet corn bread and biscuits, for greenbacks, and little rebel boys paraded the streets with cigars, for greenbacks. The greenback fever was communicated to the various camps, and the soldiers - especially the "bummers" - fell to playing "chuckaluck" for greenbacks. In a few days a general order had to be issued restraining the excessive indulgence in "chuckaluck," etc.

citizens of Savannah sold their share of it at a great discount, for greenbacks, to those who desired to purchase for relics or novelty. Some parted with it reluctantly, evidently still being fondly joined to their idols.

At the close of the campaign, Major Brown, who had commanded the regiment, complimented the officers and men for their good conduct throughout; their rapid and steady marching ; their willingness to facilitate the passage of the teams over the roads, and for the alacrity with which they responded to all details.

On the 26th of December, orders were received to prepare for another campaign. A little curious to know which point they were to " go for" next, the officers and men set about the work of preparation promptly. They easily pursuaded themselves that the rebellious soil of South Carolina would be their next field of operations ; and they were elated with the idea of punishing that constitutionally hot-tempered region.

The first brigade was reviewed on the 29th of December by Colonel Smith, of the 102d Illinois, commanding temporarily. The Twentieth Corps was reviewed by General Sherman on the 30th, in the streets of Savannah.

On the morning of the 31st the third division left camp, crossed the river to Hutchinson Island, opposite the city, and immediately proceeded to the channel, about a mile distant, next to the South Caralina side. The weather was unfavorable - the low ground and muddy roads rendering it impracticable to proceed with the work of pontooning, the channel being broad and the waters boisterous. The second and third brigades were ordered back to town to remain until operations for crossing could be resumed as soon as the weather would admit. The first brigade remained on the island. A few shots were exchanged with Wheeler's men, who were on the other side. A man in Company A, Corporal Spaiford R. Deford, was mortally wounded and died the next day. This was the first fatal thrust from South Carolina. A gun was planted, and a few shells sent over, when the boys had the satisfaction of witnessing a stampede of rebel cavalry.

The entrance of the new year, 1865, into the annals of time, and the entrance of the first brigade into the State of South Carolina, came together. January 1st, the brigade crossed from Hutchinson Island to the South Carolina side, in small boats and barges ; proceeded some five or six miles into the country, and camped at a fine but deserted place of a Dr. Cheever, formly a. wealthy South Carolinan. The doctor (now deceased) had realized as high as $700,000 annually on his rice plantation through which the brigade marched. The mansion is a very large two-story gothic, and elaborately finished. Many of the plants and shrubs remain - fitting reminders of former elegance and refinement. Brigade headquarters were situated here. Major Brown, commanding the 105th, used the overseer's house for regimental headquarters - a building of no mean pretensions, even for an overseer. All the other buildings were pulled down for wood.

While encamped near Cheever's farm, the good Chaplain of the 105th, Daniel Chapman, resigned, January 8th, and left for his home. On the 10th the regiment shifted its position in order to enjoy better grounds and more room than was possible in the old fortifications. On the night of the 16th, a wagon-load of shell oysters, fresh from the coast, was issued to the regiment. On the 17th the division moved on and occupied Hardeeville, a point twenty milles from Savannah, on the, Charleston and Savannah Railroad. While here the troops were treated to four days incessant rain. On the 20th the camp of the 105th was so nearly inundated that it became necessary to move it. At this place the regiment received one hundred and forty-three neAV Springfield guns with accoutrements, which were distributed among all the companies.

Lieutenant Colonel Dutton, Surgeon Waterman and Lieutenant John Ellis, Company K, arrived on the 22d from the North, where they had been on leave. The Lieutenant Colonel brought through two large boxes and several valises of articles from the friends of the regiment, which were received with great satisfaction ; much credit being due that officer for their safe arrival to these apparently godless regions.

At Ilardeeville, Lieutenant Colonel Dutton relieved Major Brown. In this new and dangerous march the fine military abilities of the Lieutenant Colonel were particularly desirable, and his characteristic dash, coupled with the coolness and fidelity of the Major, was worthy of the good cause for which it was being exercised.

The last drill of the First brigade came oif on the 25th of January, wThile at Hardeeville. Here the boys of the various regiments joined in the work of burning more buildings. A ehurch edifice was destroyed by fire.

On the 29th, the troops moved for Robertsville, the Third division in rear of the First. Marched rapidly about fifteen miles, camping at sundown. On the 30th a five-mile march brought the command to Robertsville, Avhere it turned into camp at noon.

Finally, from Robertsville, the grand movement commenced in earnest. After remaining at that place two days, the Twentieth Corps "launched out" further into the native regions of" Secessia," on the morning of February 2, 1865. In the order of march the Army of the Tennessee, Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps, were on the right, the Army of Georgia, Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, on the left, and the Cavalry Corps still further to the left. The Corps moved on roads parallel with each other, in five columns.

The troops set out with the feeling that, inasmuch as more campaigning and raiding was necessary to close up the rebellion, they were rejoiced to know that South Carolina was to be the field of operations, and they resolved that she should be pretty thoroughly overhauled, and that rebellion should soon " play out " all around. The "bummers" especially, resolved themselves into a " committee of the whole on the State of South Carolina," and determined to " go it on their own hook," as they did through Georgia - only more so.

On the morning of the 2d, the Twentieth Corps moved forward, the 105th regiment in advance of the column. The regiment soon run against rebels. At two o'clock afternoon, as the column was approaching the smalltown of Lawtonville, the advanced two companies was suddenly fired into by a strong force of Wheeler's cavalry. Immediately two more companies of the 105th were deployed as skirmishers and advanced, but the enemy being found strongly posted behind barricades and a line of thick woods bordering a marshy creek, the entire regiment, together with two companies from the 12i)th Illinois, on its left, was deployed and Lieutenant Colonel Dutton in charge, ordered to advance. With the other regiments of the brigade in supporting distance, the skirmishers deliberately advanced across the open fields on either side of the road, under a heavy fire, driving the enemy out of his works to the suburbs of the town. The skirmishers kept up a sharp fire at the rebels as they advanced, and by a slight wheel to the right and another advance on the run, through the swamp and timber, in which was a dense growth of underbrush and running vines, the enemy's position was flanked and the rebels driven through, and a mile beyond the town. Some artillery was used with good effect.

This fight was almost wholly made by the 105th. The advance was conducted with order and decision, and of course with success. The regiment and the two additional companies deployed, made a line about one-fourth mile in length, which as it coolly moved forward, firing, presented the appearance of men Koine; through the evolutions of skirmish drill. There were eicrht casualties in the regiment, and six men had their clothes pierced with bullets. Colonel Dutton and Lieutenant Melvin Smith, commanding Company F, were among the lucky ones who were simply wounded in the clothes.

Several of the enemy's dead were left in the hands of the regiment or brigade, and it was ascertained that several more, with their wounded, were carried off by them.

It was afterwards learned that the whole of Wheeler's rebel cavalry, three or four thousand, were posted at Lawtonville, and that they were determined to stoutly resist the passage of our troops at the swamp near the town. The enemy retreated during the night, while the First brigade camped on the famous little battle-field of Lawtonville.

The march was resumed in the morning at 10 o'clock, the regiment in the rear of column. Beyond the town a large and elegant dwelling was passed. The house was splendidly furnished with rich carpets, a library of books, piano, forte, and furniture of the number one kind. The grounds were laid out tastefully and highly ornamented with various kinds of shrubbery. This was the property of a rebel officer, and had been the headquarters of the rebel General Wheeler. Ere the rear of the column had arrived it was discovered that the house was on fire. It seems it had been fired in accordance with orders given by proper authority.

On the 4th moved ten miles. Good weather, country higher ; well supplied with water. Forage in abundance. The foragers and "bummers" in high spirits. All the country for a space of about sixty miles being overrun by the army as it sweeps on. The boys bring into camp at night, bacon, sweet potatoes - or " yams" - chicken, fresh pork, molasses, butter, and many other eatables. The " bummers" help themselves to any kind of valuables within reach, people burying their jewelry, watches, money, etc.

Sunday, 5th February. - Weather delightfully clear and mild. The first brigade moved out in advance of division, guarding wagon train. Proceeded ten miles, camping near fifteenth corps. Better country.

Private Jenkins, of Company I, with a comrade from another regiment, while foraging, moved ahead of the column, and at sundown found themselves very near the camp of the rebel General Wheeler. Having been unsuccessful foraging, they determined not to return to camp without some trophy. A rebel Lieutenant and Sergeant having rode out of their camp, came near the boys, who demanded their surrender. With' reluctance1 they complied, were made to dismount and deliver up their revolvers and sabres. Jenkins and his comrads mounted their horses, requiring the "Johnnies" to walk into the "Yankee" camp, which they did in " good order." This was a " feather in Jenkins' cap."

On the 8th the command reached the Charleston and Augusta railroad near Grahams, captured two prisoners and destroyed the track, heating many of the rails red hot and winding them around the trees.

On moved our boys, weary but triumphant, through varying weather, cold, stormy and sleety on one day, mild and charming with the beauties of a southern spring on the next. We passed through Williston February 11th, forded the icy cold South Edisto river on the 12th, near which Lieutenant John Ellis of Company C, while in charge of a foraging party captured three rebel soldiers. The 14th and 15th the rain froze as it fell, making most uncomfortable marching and wretched camping. The brigade also met with some resistance from the retreating enemy. We camped in sight of Columbia, the capitolof South Carolina, on the 10th, and after some cannonading and skirmishing, passed the city on the 17th, the army burning a portion of it.

The whole surface of the country seemed on fire and the smoke was dense enough to be uncomfortable. Crossed the Saluda river on a pontoon bridge on the 18th, and were stationed* as a guard to protect the pontooneers until the bridge was removed. By this time our bummers were elegantly arrayed in broadcloths and satin, and marched in carriages more or less elegant, drawn by confiscated steeds. Happy bummers ! Scouring the country in advance of and around the army they formed a protective force of real service in furnishing information and preventing attack. Reached Broad river on Sunday, the 19th; and here orders were received to prepare for a continuation of the campaign for forty days. All unnecessary baggage must be thrown aside, and even the wall tents abandoned. Reluctantly the boys unburdened their wagons, loaded with captured valuables, and the wagons subsequently carried only army supplies.

The troops had now worn out their shoes, and many were hatless, ragged, barefoot and dirty too, for the soap had become exhausted. "Forty days more," and "what will Old Billy do when the soles of our feet give out too':"' was the question, but they soon recovered from their dissatisfaction and moved on jolly and contented. We guarded the pontooneers at Broad river ; and marehed all of the night of the 20th, arriving at Winnsboro, where we passed in review before Generals Sherman and Slocum. The 105th led the advance on the 22d, encountering Butters rebel cavalry and driving them. Private Fisher, of Company B, here captured a prisoner with two horses and equipments. General Sherman was at our division headquarters to-day, and while there received news of the capture of Charleston. Crossed the Wateree river at midnight and were thoroughly drenched with a shower.

On the 24th we passed over a wretched corduroy road, which had been built by our pioneers from small pines that worked the mud beneath into a batter which gushed up in fountains as our mules drew the heavy wagons over their rough surfaces.

Right here let us give due credit to these faithful dumb brutes - unhonored heroes whose toils, lacerations and starvations were so seldom thought of, yet whose services were as indispensable as our own, and whose bones lie bleaching on

On the 25th Captain Culver with his foraging party dashed into Lancaster, fifteen miles aside from our column - the first to enter that city. lie secured a large supply of dried fruit and other luxuries. We camped for a day at I tanging Rock waiting for the Fourteenth Corps to come up the river. This Rock was so named from the fact that the British here hung six American soldiers after one of the battles of the Revolution. Hard marching for the next week ; from ten to seventeen miles a day, much of it being done in the night. On the 4th of March we crossed into NorthCarolina, and rested on Sunday, at Colonel Allston's plantation, where we were delighted with the luxury of a supply of soft soap. On the Oth, reached a country devoted to the manufacture of tar and turpentine - a wilderness of lofty pines. Immense quantities of this material were set on fire, and huge columns of black smoke rising from the forests told that lava-like stream of tar or rosin were burning like the emissions of a volcano. On the 9th a heavy thunderstorm - a muddy stream forded and no fresh provisions, - for the first time since we left Robertsville, we lived on hard bread. On the 11th the 105th was detailed to work on the road, and several miles were corduroyed. In camp at Fayetteville on the 12th, and from here we sent'letters home and were reviewed by General Sherman, passing through and camping a short distance out. On the 16th we fought the battle of Averysboro ; the day was stormy, the roads terribly muddy. We started early on our march, and before noon the troops encountered a large force of the enemy within a few miles of Averysboro, when at he engagement tookplace. The First brigade was deployed on the left of the forces engaged, the left wing of the 105th, under Captain Forsythe, being deployed as skirmishers in front of the brigade, while the right remained in column in rear of the left of the brigade. An advance was immediately made, under heavy skirmish fire, for about five hundred yards to the enemy's works, when a charge was ordered ; at the same time the right wing of the 105th, under Lieutenant Colonel Dutton, was ordered to the extreme left and forward to protect the Hank and strengthen the skirmish line. It moved as directed with alacrity, and cut off from retreat and captured a twelve-pounder Napoleon gun, which the Colonel, with some of his gallant men, turned on the enemy, giving him half a dozen shots in his disordered and retreating ranks. The works were charged and carried in splendid style, when the line halted till other troops were brought to connect with the left, prior to another advance. When the brigade advanced again, the 105th moved in the second line, the whole line pressing up within one hundred and fifty yards of the enemy's main line of works, under a heavy fire of small arms and cannon. Here the regiment and brigade bivouacked during the remainder of the day and night, throwing up a line of works during a rainstorm. The battle on the right was successfully waged, and in the night the enemy retreated - well whipped.

Lieutenant Colonel Dutton, assisted by Major Brown and Adjutant Chandler, was equal to every emergency. Captain Forsythe handled the skirmish line with admirable success, and the line officers and men displayed their usual courage and fidelity. Adjutant Chandler had the front of his hat torn by a bullet, narrowly escaping witli his life.

The regiment lost six killed and sixteen wounded, according to Lieutenant Colonel Button's report. Among the former was the gallant Orderly, Linus Holcomb of Company A, Captain G. B. Heath, whose life gradually ebbed away after he was brought from the gory battle-field.

Surgeon Waterman again had his hands full, in caring for the wounded. His skill was measured by the sad duties of the hour, and not found wanting.

In a large dwelling in rear of the field where the brigade fought, a hospital was located, where the wounded were being dressed. There were numerous amputations - the yard being strewn with legs and arms ; and the dead and dying were lying around - a dreadful wreck of human forms.

The casualties in the division numbered two hundred and fifty-six : First brigade eighty-three ; Second brigade, fifty ; Third brigade one hundred and twenty-three. The loss of the evening was heavy. The troops buried one hundred of the rebel killed.

Before the battle a party of thirty foragers from the 105th, preceding the column, charged on one of the enemy's earthworks, driving him out and killing one man - a very creditable affair.

The regiment did their duty nobly, and in token of their gallantry at this point and in the Atlanta campaign, Colonel Button their commander, received from the President the appointment of Brigadier General by brevet, the appointment datin g from the date of the battle.

On the 19th the battle of Bentonville occurred at which we were assigned position on the left. We threw up earthworks in double-quick time, but the attack was made on the night, and our line was not assaulted. The rebels were defeated with fearful slaughter.

Resumed our march on the 22d and crossed the Neusc river on the next day. Here Ave met General Terry's eastern troops, whining because they had been without communication and no mail for a week. We consoled them by telling them we had been in the same condition fifty-one days.

We arrived at Goldsboro on the 24th, and our long march for the time was ended. We had marched five hundred miles in fifty-five days, resting only six days ; had crossed twelve large rivers and numerous smaller streams. The foragers of our regiment had captured, on the march, twenty tons of meat, ten tons of flour, and sweet potatoes, with other luxuries, to an extent that cannot be estimated. All of the officers with their men by turns participated in the work of foraging.

At Goldsboro the regiment was newly equipped, and that portion of "Sherman's greasers" as the eastern troops contemptuously called us, put on a better appearance. The

"bummers" who were flush of funds having "cramped" watches, jewelry, and money during the raid, donned the best attire and patronized the sutlers' shops extensively.

< hi the 29th, and again on the 5th of April, parties of our regiment were sent on foraging expeditions, taking forage from within two miles of the fortified lines of the enemy, but losing several men captured and one killed.

On the 10th we found another campaign begun. We moved to Smithfield, where the surrender of Lees army was announced. We were after Johnston's army, and on the 13th we reached Raleigh in the pursuit. Here reports were circulated of Johnston's surrender, and amid the joyful excitement came the heart-rending tidings of the assassination of President Lincoln.

On the 22d the twentieth Corps were reviewed in Raleigh, and on the 14th it became known that Johnston had surrendered his army upon terms that were not approved by the President, and that we were about to "go for" "Johnston's Johnnies " again. Next day we marched thirteen miles on the road to Holly Springs, but on the day following we remained in camp, as Grant and Sherman had gone forward to meet the rebel General and have a new conference. On the 24th we joyfully marched back to Raleigh, elated with the assurance that Grant's negotiations had been successful - that satisfactory terms of surrender had been made - and that the great war was substantially at an end.

We marched gaily along, blessed with warm, bright beautiful weather, pleasantly greeted by the people on the route, full of gratification at the glorious termination of the war.

We pass Williamsborough, cross the Roanoke into Virginia, cross again the Meherin and the Nottaway rivers, and on the 9th of May rested a day, two miles from Richmond. On the

11th we passed through Richmond ; well treated by the people. On the 12th crossed the Chickahominy swamp ; on the 14th, crossed the Little and North Anna rivers, and received orders to burn no more fences. The young daughters of the Old Dominion greeted us with Avaving handkerchiefs, and the colored people were everywhere jubilant. On the 1.5th, we camped on the Chancellorsville battle ground where human bones and skulls lay bleaching in the sun.

On the 17th Ave Avere near Manassas Junction, and on the 18th passed through Fairfax Station, crossing the far-famed Bull Run, a broad shalloAv stream of pure Avater with a hard gravelly bottom. On the 10th camped three miles from Alexandria where we remained till on the 24th, avc took part in the grand military pageant at Washington. Here Major BroAvn, Captain Church, and Assistant Surgeon Beggs joined the regiment, having been absent on leave and detached service.

The army of the Potomac was reviewed by the President and Cabinet on the 23d, and General Sherman's army on the 24th, the streets lined with immense crowds of people Avho greeted us Avith constant cheers and waving handkerchiefs. The Washington papers especially, commended the drill of the 105th, and the ladies favored us Avith a shower of boqucts. We camped four miles out of the city until the 6th, employing our time in visiting Washington, and on the 7th of June, 1865, were mustered out of service.

On the 8th Ave took cars for Chicago, arriving at Pittsburg about 2 A. M., Avhere Ave Avere met by a brass band and a committee of citizens, escorted to the City Hall and entertained Avith ample refreshments. Generous, thoughtful Pittsburg ; long will you be remembered for your kindness to the war worn and Aveary. What a contrast Ave met in Chicago. We arrived at the same hour. It was dark and raining ; no one met us or could tell where Ave Avere to go. The officers Avere in a train behind, and Sergeant-Major Whitlock, Avho found himself the ranking officer, could not find a place to put his men. They could not be admitted to the Soldiers' Home, to the Barracks, nor anywhere. The officers soon arrived and found that no notice had been taken of their telegram advising the coming of the regiment. The boys "adjourned" to the Illinois Central Depot where a friendly policeman suffered them to lie on the floor 'till morning. Then we started for the dirty barracks, to which we were finally ordered, at Camp Fry. As we marched through the same streets through which three vears before we had y;one out one thousand strong - our regiment now reduced to hardly half that number, was ordered off the side-walk into the streets by the police. The policemen were pushed aside with hearty soldierly denunciations of all policemen and Chicago generally.

The warm welcome which we all received as we reached our homes did much to remove the unfavorable impression produced by the shameful treatment that we met in Chicago.

Sergeant Ma-Tors

Jonathan G. Vallette, Milton, Discharged July B, 18(14, to accept commission in Vol. Service. Ogden Whittack, Milton, Mustered out June 7, 1865.

Principal Musicians

Moull Fuller, Du Page county, Mustered out June 7, 1865. Walter Van Vetzger, Du Page county, Mustered out June 7, 1865. ENLISTED MEN OF COMPANY "A/'

June 1, '64 ; wounds. A It hen John, Sycamore, absent, wounded, at M. 0. of Regiment. Anlich William C, Sycamore, Discharged March 27, '63; disability. Aarner Oscar, Kingston, Mustered out June 7, '65. Bannister Levi, Pampas, Mustered out June 7, '<'>-">. Rebee Charles, Sycamore, .Mustered out June 7, '(15. Rebee Silva, Sycamore, Mustered out June 7, '65.

Rarchfield Thomas J., Kingston, Died at South Tunnel, T., Jan. 8, '68. Bewley John, Sycamore, Trans, to Co. C, Kith 111. Inf. Burnside Delos, Sycamore, Trans, to Eng. Corps, Aug. 16, '64. Bean David K., Kingston. Was pris. Died at Chattanooga, Ten n Rates Stephen. Kingston, Mustered out June 7, "65. Cole Charles W., Sycamore, Mustered out June 7, '65, as Corporal. Courser Myron M.. Sycamore, Mustered out June 7, '65, ;is Corporal. Clark William C, Sycamore, Deserted Oct. 30, '62. Churchill Andrew J., Sycamore, Died at South Tunnel, T., Jan. 1. '68. Cameron William T., Kingston, Discharged Jan. 11, '68: disability. Collier James II., Mayfield, Discharged April IS, '64; disability. Detield John, Sycamore, M. O. May -4. '65, as Musician. Decker Warren, Sycamore, Mustered out June 7, '65. Depue Joseph, Sycamore, Discharged Jan. 11, '"63; disability. Danberg John, Sycamore, Mustered out June 7, '65. Decker William, Sycamore, Mustered out June 7, '65. Davis Edward R., Sycamore, Died at Camp Butler, 111., Oct, 17, 'it Dodgo Oscar, Sycamore, Mustered out June 7, "6">. Francis Stephen D.. Pampas, absent, sick, at M. O. of Regiment. Ketterley John W.. Sycamore, Died at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. II. '61. Furness Herman. Sycamore, Mustered out June 7, '65, as Corporal. Korkner, or Faulkner, M., Sycamore, Mustered out Aug. 1 I. '65, Gardner Andrew J.. Sycamore, Mustered out June 7, '65. Gardner Alonzo. Sycamore. Mustered out June 7. '65. Gould William II.. Pampas. Mustered out June 7. 'ti">. Gould George H.. Pampas, Corporal. Died. Nashville. Tenn.. Nov. I. '63. Herren William, Kingston, Mustered out June 7. '65. Hoffman William. South Grove, absent, sick, at M. O. of Regiment. Hammond William W\, Sycamore, Discharged Jan. 13, '63, as Corporal :

John, or Johnson. Charles. Pampas, Mustered out June 7 165, as Corp"l. Jackman Charles D., Sycamore. M. 0. June 7, '65, as 1st ! -geant. Coin

Jonachan R. Marryatt, Shabbona, promoted 1st Serg't. then 1st Lieut. Thomas Georgi Taylor, Shabbona, accidentally killed, Feb. 15, '04. Thomas J. Pieiee, Wyoming, died at Nashville, Tenn., March 3. 'HI. William II. O.jj 'evens, Shabbona, mustered out June 7, '05, as Private.

William E. Grovcr. Shabbona, Serg't. Killed at Dallas, (ia.. May 27, '64. John Thompkins, Shabbona, mustered out June 7, '65, as Private. David N. Jackson, Shabbona, died at Bowling Green, Ky., Nov. 19, '62- Chauncey Condie, Shabbona, M. 0. June 7, '65, as Private. Wounded John Fowler, Shabbona, died at Louisville, Ky., Oct. 27, '62.

Alford Martin S., Shabboua, transferred to Co. A, 16th 111. Inf. Donaldson Reuben, Shabbona, transferred to Co. A, 16th 111. Inf. Donaldson Russell, Shabbona, transferred to Co. A, 16th 111. Inf. Edmonds John, Shabbona, transferred to Co. A. 16th HI. Inf. Ellis Josiah, Shabbona, transferred to Co. A, 16th 111. Inf. Ford Lyman W., Shabbona, transferred to Co. A, 16th 111. Inf. Harper Andrew G., Chicago, transferred to Co. A, 16th 111. Inf.

in U. S. C. T., June 27, '64. Samuel H. Williamson, Flora, promoted 1st Serg't, then 1st Lieut. John T. Becker, South Grove, commissioned 1st Lieut., but not mustered.

DeForest P. Bennett, Monroe, discharged Aug. 4, '63 ; disability. John Fox, Franklin, discharged March 17, '63; disability. James 11. Williamson, Flora, M. 0. June 7, '05, as Sergeant; wounded. William C. Fay, Squaw Grove, mustered out June 7, '65. Parker M. Banks, Franklin, mustered out June 7, '65, as Serg't ; wounded. Wesley Witter, Monroe, died at Flora, 111., Dec. 25, '62. James Hasburg, Burlington, commissioned 2d Lieut., but not mustered. M. O. June 7, '65, as Sergeant.

Musician

Burpee George W., Rockford, promoted Quartermaster Sergeant. Banks Benjamin F., Franklin, discharged April 10, '65; wounds. Barker Anson B., Burlington, died at Bowling Green, Ky., Dec. 4, '04. Barker William L., South Grove, mustered out June 7, '65, as Corporal. Bradburn Nathan E., Bm-lington, transferred to Eng. Corps, July 25, '64. Bock William, Burlington, died at Gallatin, Tenn., March 27, '63. Baker Richard A., Squaw Grove, discharged March GO, '63, to enlist in

Miss. Marine Brigade. McLelland George W., Burlington, mustered out June 7, '65. Maltby Charles A., Burlington, transferred to Invalid Corps, Oct. 20, '64; wounded. Patten Byron A., South Grove, discharged June 12, '65; wounds. Planty Julius, Hampshire, transferred to Eng. Corps, July 25, '04. Perry Myron C, Burlington, mustered out June 7, '65. Pritchard Hiram F., South Grove, mustered out June 7, '65. Simmons William II.. Sycamore, discharged Feb. 7. '63 ; disability. Strawn Charles A.. Franklin, mustered out June 7, '65 ; wounded Southard Daniel E., Franklin, deserted Oct. 29, '02. Since enlisted in

14th 111. Cav. Samis Elijah, Burlington, died at Gallatin, Tenn., Dec. 0, '02. Sylvester Lewis, Squaw Grove, mustered out June 7, '65. Stoker John T., Gridley, died at Bowling Green, Ky., Nov. 23, 02. Smith William M., Burlington, discharged July '->, '04, to accept promotion

Under Cooks Of A. U.

2d Lieut., but not mustered. Wallace W. Moore, Freeland, discharged May 5, '65 ; wounds. Frank H. Cole, Somonauk, promoted 1st Serg't, then 1st Lieut.

\. G. White, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '05, as Sergeant. Allen Edgerly, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65, as Sergeant Isaac Scoggin, Asbury, mustered out June 7, '05, as Sergeant. Joseph P. Fulton, Freeland, appointed Hospital Steward U. S. A. Israel S. Clark. Somonauk, mustered out June 7, '65, as Private. Jesse L. Gage, Sandwich, died Aug. 12, '04; wounds. Andrew A. Beveridge, Sandwich, discharged Dec. IK, '02; disability. Thomas Mason, Sandwich, discharged Sept. 28, for promotion.

The One Hundred And Fifth. 1 97

'04, on account of wounds. Hall Zera W., Sandwich, died at Gallatin, Tenn., March 28, '63. Hall Harlow, Sandwich, mustered out May 19, '05, as Corporal. Hall William T., Sandwich, discharged Dec. 4, '02 ; disability. Harrington Geoige, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '05. Kirkpatrick R. D., Sandwich, mustered out Juue 7, '05, as Corporal. Kirkpatrick M. C, Sandwich, discharged April 10, '03; disability. Kirtland Jerome, Sandwich, absent, wounded, at M. O. of Regiment. King Michael, Sandwich, died at Louisville, Ky., Nov. 15, '63. Redder H. E., Sandwich, died at Louisville, Ky., July 8, '0:!. Lamb Stillman C, Sandwich, discharged May 21, '63 ; disability. Mills Benjamin, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '05. Morgan E. H.. Sandwich, discharged May 20, '04; disability. McCauley M., Sandwich, discharged Nov. 4, '04 ; wounds. McBride Samuel, Sandwich, discharged April 24, '63 ; disability. Martin David, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '05. Mitten Samuel, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '05. Miles Joseph, Sandwich, discharged March 5, '0)3, disability. Mead Jonathan, Sandwich, mnstered out June 7, '65. Merwin George B., Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '05, as Corporal. McAllister William J., Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '05. Miller William, Sandwich, transferred to V. R. C, Jan. 2, '65. Nichols George, Sandwich, mustered out June 21, '05. Poplin Jesse F., Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65 : wounded. Piatt David, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65. Rogers Stephen, Sandwich, discharged June 15, '01 ; wounds. Riddle C. B., Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '05.

deserted. Was arrested and shot. Springer Thomas, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65, as Corporal. Smith Stephen, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65. Skinner Kldridge, Sandwich, M. 0. June 7, '05, as Corporal: wounded. Schroder William, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65. Stall J. W., Sandwich, discharged Feb. 3, '63 ; disability. Smith Isaac, Sandwich, mustered out June 1, '65 ; pris. war. Stevens A. V., Sandwich, died at Bowling Green, Ky., Dec. 18, '62. Tomlin George, Sandwich, discharged Oct. 13, '64, as Corp'l : disability. Tracy Charles, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65. Wells Leonard B., Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65. Woodward R.. Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65, as Corporal. Whitmore Charles W., Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65. Wagner Homer A., Sandwich, discharged Feb. ti, '63 : disability. White William C, Sandwich, mustered out June 7, '65. Wilcox (). A., Sandwich, discharged April 17, '(',:! ; disability. Wright Carter E., Sandwich, mustered out May 20, 'ii">.

First Sf.Roeant

CORPORALS. Truman Pritchard, De Kalb, mustered out June 7, '65. as Sergeant. Jerome Perry Clinton, M. 0. June 7, '65, as Sergeant ; wounded. Albert If. Rolph, De Kalb, discharged Dec. 2, '63, as 1st Sergeant. Byron S. Barnes, Clinton, mustered out June 7, '65, as Private. Fordys A. Gates, Pierce, died at Gallatin, Tenn., Feb. 13, '63. Almon M. Ingalls, Clinton, mustered out June 7, '65, as Sergeant. Wilbur Earl, Afton, mustered out June 7, '65, as Private. Delano M. Williams, Clinton, discharged Jan. 3, '63; disability.

Wagoner

Almberg Andrew, De Kalb, absent, sick, at M. O. of Regiment. Akerman August, Clinton, mustered out June 7, '65. Alford Buell G., Clinton, absent, sick, at M. 0. of Regiment. Albert Henry, Afton, mustered out June 7. ^jo.

13, '64. Mennis William W.. Clinton, absent, siok, at muster-out of Regiment. Nichols Edwin, De Kalb, accidentally killed, June 5, '64. Newton George, De Kalb, mustered out June 7, '65. Olverson Lewis, Afton, died March 25, '65; wounds. Farr Edwin, Clinton, discharged Dec. 26, '62; disability. Pearson Edward, Clinton, mustered out June 22, '65; wounded. Peterson Lewen, De Kalb, mustered out June 7, '65. Palquert Liven, Mayfield, mustered out June 7, '65. Purcell Ehomas, De Kalb, died at Gallatin, Tenn., April 17, '63. Phillips William H., De Kalb, mustered out June 7, '65.

Roster Of Officers

W- Robert Thomas, Sycamore, promoted, by Pre.s., \. A. G., July 15, '61. Chauncey E. Sixbury, Sycamore, mustered out as Sergeant June 7, '65.

John M. Smith, Burlington, honorably discharged as 1st Lieutenant December 24, '64. Samuel H. "Williamson, Flora, commission returned. Canceled.

Eighth Illinois Cavalry

When the defeat of the Union armies, at the first battle of Bull Run, in July, 1861, had shown the loyal men of the north that the rebellion was far more stupendous in its power than had at first been supposed, and the first soldiers enlisted for three months, and whose time was expiring, were preparing to return home, the country became roused to the necessity of renewed exertions, and prepared to recruit an army of greater magnitude and more thorough organization. The

Hon. John F. Farnsworth repaired to Washington, and obtained permission to recruit a cavalry regiment of 1200 men for the three years' service.

The military authorities heretofore had discouraged the raising of cavalry, but the successes of the Rebel Black Horse Cavalry had shown their necessity, and a few regiments were rather reluctantly authorized. No sooner had Col. Farnsworth received this permission than the young men of this section of the country hastened to join it. Applications for commissions to raise companies poured in, and Col. Farnsworth remarked that, if permitted, he could raise a brigade in a month. Capt. Lorenzo II. Whitney, of Kingston, in De Kalb County, first had a company at the rendezvous, where they took quarters, at the Howard House, St. Charles.

The limits of this work do not admit of a detailed account of the experience of the regiment at Camp Kane, St. Charles, its first rendezvous, - of the kind attention to our needs of

On the 18th of September, 1861, the regiment was mustered into the United States service, after a very insufficient surgical examination. Nearly all were received, but if a rigid examination had been made, according to army regulations, a great deal of suffering would have been avoided, and the Government would have been saved a great expense. They were a very intelligent class of men, capable of performing any labor; could build railroads, run mills, build wagons, carriages, bridges, "run'' newspapers, or labor in the departments of any of the professions, and in the fine arts. Most of their accomplishments proved useful in the course of their career ; but many of them were too old, many too feeble, and many too young, to endure the hardships incident to the soldier's life.

On the 14th of October, 1861, the regiment marched to Geneva, and took cars for the seat of war about Washington : the horses had been sent on a feAV days previously, in charge of Maj. Beveridge. On all the long journey to Washington our passing train was greeted with shouts and cheers, and waving handkerchiefs, until we arrived in Maryland ; there, all was sullenness and gloom. We had an especially warm welcome at Pittsburg, and a bountiful collation given us, in a spirit of kindness that will long be remembered. Arriving at Washington, on the morning of the 18th of October, we found the whole country about, covered with camps; and at the Soldiers' Rest we were furnished with refreshments, as were all other newly arrived regiments. As we marched up Pennsylvania Avenue, past the White House, President Lincoln, who stood upon its piazza, remarked: "There goes Farnsworth's big Abolition Regiment," - a name by which Ave were always after known.

We went into camp on Meridian Hill, two miles north of the White .House, after having lost our way and marched till almost exhausted, and there awaited for many weeks a supply

Around Washington Gen. McClcllan had now collected the largest army that had ever been brought together upon this continent, and the country became clamorous because it lay inactive, while the rebels were almost surrounding Washington.

On the 21st of October we heard the cannon and even the musketry of the battle of Ball's Bluff', in which a portion of our army suffered a disastrous defeat; and we wondered much that this should have been permitted while an hundred thousand troops lay idle within hearing distance.

Grand reviews of tens of thousands of troops were of constant occurrence, but still there was no advance upon the enemy. Large numbers of our troops fell sick, or were found too infirm from age to endure the hardships of life in camp, and many were discharged and sent home.

We were brigaded Avith the 1st Michigan and 4th Pennsylvania cavalry, forming the First Brigade of Cavalry in the U. S. A., and we were finally assigned to duty under the noble and much-loved old Gen. Sumner, who had just arrived from California, and been given a command in Virginia, in front of Alexandria; but, not having received arms, wo did not move to our newly selected camp until the 13th of December. We had then eighty-five sick, but few of them were willing to go to the general hospital, and all who could sit on a horse went with the regiment.

Thousands of spectators crowded the streets of Washington as we passed through, for such a body of mounted men hail never before marched through Washington. Our new equipments and our well-fed and well-groomed Western horses made a fine appearance. We had eighty-one army wagons to carry Avhat we then thought were the mere necessaries of life; but before the close of the war we found that twelve were really sufficient, - so little did we then know of the real life of the soldier.

Established in camp, our regiment was almost daily called on for detachments to do escort duty, and during the fine -weather our life was very pleasant; but after the festivities of Christmas the rain fell in torrents, the red clay soil became knee-deep with half-frozen mud, the tents, some of which had unwisely been dug below the surface to give a greater height within, became saturated with water; sickness began to increase, and our discomforts seemed unendurable. During January more than five hundred of our boys were on the sick list, mostly from typho-malarial fever, and the two comfortless hospital tents being over-crowded, many were sent to the General Hospital at Alexandria, where several died.

About a mile from camp was a handsome mansion, owned by ;i> rebel, but occupied by another family. This we finally took forcible possession of, and it made us an excellent hospital.

On the 24th of January permission was obtained to move the regiment to Alexandria, and shelter it in the vacant houses abandoned by the usecesh," while our horses could be quartered in deserted foundries. This was a great improvement, both for our own safety and for our horses, who, left shelterless upon the open country, had suffered more than we, and it was really necessary to prevent our destruction by disease.

We now began to live in greater comfort, but our regiment was far from popular among the secesh of Alexandria, or with Gen. Montgomery, a superannuated old army officer, who was Military Governor of the city, and a great favorite with the rebels of the city, especially the ladies. But there were many good, earnest Union men and women in the city, Avho were warmly our friends, although not popular at Montgomery's headquarters.

On Sunday, February 0th, Capt. Elon G. Farnsworth, of our regiment, - a member of the Episcopal Church, - was attending worship with some of our men, when he discovered that the secessionist clergyman, Stewart, omitted the prayers for the President. lie arose and demanded that they be read as usual, and, on refusal, he arrested the clergyman in

Petty difficulties were constantly arising between our regiment and the Military Governor, "who was trying the conciliatory policy with the rebels, and he endeavored to have us, who had come to fight rebels, removed from the city. The Union people of the city, however, Avere anxious that we should remain, and in token of their good will they formally presented us with a beautiful silken banner, the presentation being made the occasion for numerous friendly speeches.

There was evidently no prospect of an advance of the army before spring, but frequent scouting parties of our regiment were sent out, in which we generally exchanged shots with the rebels, and captured some of them.

On the 19th of March the long inaction of the army was ended, and we were ordered to advance upon the enemy. We started at five o'clock, and marched in the cold rain nineteen miles upon that day. The movements of our vast army, as from some favorable height we occasionally caught sight of it, was a spirit-stirring spectacle, and at night its thousands of camp-fires, lighting up the country as far as the eye could reach, was beautiful indeed. Next morning we moved forward to Langster's Station, and there learned that the enemy had evacuated Manassas, and retreated toward Richmond. Marching on to Bull Run, on the 12th, we found abundant evidence of the hasty retreat of the enemy, - their burned wagons and camp equipage being strown around.

A portion of our regiment was now ordered to Gen. Howard's command, another portion to Gen. French's, and a part remained to guard the wagon trains at Union Mills. Scouting through Centreville, we found its famous fortifications mounted with wooden guns, and the village of Manassas burned to the ground.

of a pitiless rain storm. The horses were knee-deep in mud, and without forage. Soon after we were ordered back to Union Mills in the night, and the railroad having been repaired, so that supplies could be forwarded, the greater part of the regiment remained on the plains of Manassas with Gen. Howard, occupying the deserted rebel huts. Here we remained ten days.

On the 28th we moved forward in advance of a strong reconnoisance under Gen. Howard, and drove a considerable force of rebels, who burned a large quantity of forage and stores to prevent their falling into our hands. We retraced our steps to Warrenton on the next day, and found that our Adjutant, Lumbard, Sergeant Major Rays worth, and three privates of our force, were missing. We moved back over the ground next day in search of them, and found that they had been captured in a house at which they had stopped, after making a lively resistance, in which one of their number was wounded.

On the 31st scouts came in, reporting the advance of a brigade of rebel cavalry. Our regiment started out to attack them, when, much to our annoyance, they proved to be a party of our own regiment, loaded with bundles of hay.

April 2d our scouting parties had a lively skirmish with a force of rebels, wounding several of them. Lieut. Ilotop, while alone in advance, narrowly escaped capture by a display of great gallantry.

April 7 th the third battalion of our regiment, under Major Dustin, with five companies of infantry and two pieces of artillery, were ordered forward on a mission which we understood to be a surprise upon the enemy. Col. Lucas was in command of the expedition, but lost his road; and arriving late at the Rappahannock, we drove some rebels across, and threw some shells into their fortifications, scattering them, when we returned to our camp in a drenching rain, and with roads almost impassable.

movement on Richmond, by way of the peninsula, had commenced, and we who had been retained as a kind of rear guard were now ordered back to Alexandria, to embark for the peninsula.