Jefferson County, Illinois - Chapter 12 (1 of 2 so headed), 1883

AS a nation, we have had liut few wars aside from our troubles with the Indians. Wliile still colonies we took part in the old French and Indian war, which, for a time, settled the question as to the ownership of the vast Northwest Territory. The war of the Revolution transferred this magnificent domain to us, and the war of 1812 settled its ownership perhaps for ages to come. The result of these several wars was the securing to the puny Republic of the thirteen American Colo- nies, an empire greater than that over which the Roman eagles soared in gilded triumph. A grand result truly, and one that has made the American Republic, or contributed very largely to making it, the foremost nation on the globe.

It is not known that any of the early settlers of Jefferson County participated in the Revolutionary war, but it is altogether probable that they did. Many of the early settlers in Southern Illinois were Revolutiouarj' soldiers, and hence, some of the pioneers of Jefferson County may have been ; but if so, we have not learned their names. Quite a number of them, however, took part in the war of 1812. But as both of these wars occurred before there were an^- settlements made in the county, they are of no special interest to this work, except as a kind of introduction to the general war history- of the county, and to show the advantages we as a people received from them.

77ie Mexican War. - The Black Hawk war - a war which personally- effected the people here - has been noticed in a preceding chapter. Next in order comes the Mexican war. Early in 1846, war was declared against Mexico, and Illinois was required to furnish three regiments. Later she was allowed to furnish another regiment, making four altogether. Jefferson. County' contributed two companies, one under the first call and one under the second call for troops. The first was enrolled in June, 1846, as Compan3- II, of the Third Regiment, Col. Ferris Foreman, of Vandalia, commanding. The roster of Company H is as follows : Stephen Gr. Hicks, Captain ; Lewis F. Casej-, First Lieutenant (resigned November 1, 1846, at Matamoras, Mexico) ; William A. Thomas, promoted from Second to First Lieutenant November 1, 1846 ; Thomas S. Livingston, Second Lieutenant. Sergeants - John Bagwell, Gazaway Elkins, J.acob Casey and Marcus D. Bruce. Corporals - - Joseph F. Thomasson, John Q. A. Bay, William Summers were organized and equipped, embariced for Mexico. They saw hard service during their term, and were at Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, and in other battles and sliirmishes. At Matamoras, the companj- was divided, a part of it under Lieut. Casey going to Comargo in charge of a wagon train, the main part, under Capt. Hiclis, remaining on guard duty at Matamoras. Lieut. Casey's squad, after remaining a month at Comargo, was ordered back to Matamoras to report to Gen. Taylor. Lieut. Casey, from failing health resigned here and returned home. In January, Gen. Taylor marched for Buena Vista, but Gen. Shield's command, to which the Mount Vernon troops belonged, was ordered to report to Gen. Scott at Vera Cruz. After the surrender of Vera Cruz, the next move was on Cerro Gordo. In the operations here, they were actively engaged, and acquitted themselves with honor and distinction. Their courage at Cerro Gordo elicited from Gen. Twiggs the well-merited compliment ; " Well, I never saw such fellows as you Illinois men are in my life 1 Here the regulars are broke down and the horses are all given out, and you darned ragged rascals pitching around like squirrels, or something that never get tired and hungry."

After the capture of Jalapa, they remained in camp on the Puebla road until their term of service had expired, when they returned home and were discharged.

The second company was enrolled at Mount Vernon June 3, 1847, under the President's second call for troops. The rank and file were as follows : James Bowman, Captain ; he died at Jalapa December 28, 1847, and L. H. Powell became Captain ; Eli D. Anderson was First Lieutenant ; he died at Vera Cruz September 11, 1847, of yellow fever, and Willis B. Holder was promoted to First Lieutenant ; he died at Jalapa January 2, 1848, and James B. Hinde became First Lieutenant ; H. B. Ncwby, Jr., Second Lieutenant ; he died at National Bridge September 16, 1847, of yellow fever.

and J. J. Anderson became Second Lieutenant. A. H. Cox and Jacob Keller were also promoted to Second Lieutenants. Sergeants - Jonathan Wells, Gilford D. Connolly, John P. Newell and Jonathan S. Cook. Corporals^ Edward Bond, Robert R. Ingram, Elias M. Holmes and William Bullock. Privates - John Ames, R. C. Anderson, Calvin M. Brown, William Cassidy, James Cummins, Richard Childers, Martin Clark, Thomas D. Crey, Julian Elee, John B. Green, Caleb Godfrey, Newton

A. Gastin, R. S. Hillhouse, Lewis Johnson Henderson Kimball, Peter Kaltenbach, A. J. Kinman, Damon C. Kennedy, Josiah McCormick, Preston McCulloch, William McCassilin, Thomas Mullen, Aaron Messecher, Martin McRorgh, James McDonald, Job A. Orton, James L. Osborne, Welcome Root, John Rose, Andrew Stephens, Alonzo Soule, Oliver Safford, Laurence Stull, Jacob Sanders, William A Thornton, Thomas J. Vance, Isaac Wilson John D. Watts, Thomas Weymon, Bennett M. Weldon, Sherman D. Wood and Henry Wentworth. Died - Sergeant James Mathewson, in hospital at Vera Cruz October 28, 1847 ; Sergeant Benjamin F. Bogan, in hospital at Jalapa, Mexico, January 11, 1848; Corporal William 0. Cook, in liospital at Jalapa December 2, 1847 ; Corporal Jonathan Reilly, in General Hospital at New Orleans September 14, 1847. Privates, died - John Bodine, November 13, 1847, General Hospital at New Orleans ; Matthew Ballard, November 22, 1847, General Hospital at Vera Cruz ; Hiram Bruce, May 17, 1847, at Puebla; William Cummins, December 18, 1847, in Regimental Hospital, Jalapa ; John Crooms, February 1, 1848, at Jalapa ; Dillard

B. Caster, January 15, 1848, at Jalapa; Will iam Clark, December 14, 1847, at Jalapa ; Isaac Dawson, January 2, 1848, at Jalapa ; Joseph Dorrell, September 10,1847, in General Hospital at Vera Cruz ; George W. Dornell, August 17, 1847, at Jalapa ; James F. Griffith, December 16, 1847, at Jalapa ; Robert Good- rich, August 28, 1847, in General Hospital at New Orleans ; John Gilbert, May 4, 1848, in General Hospital at Puebla ; John A. Jenkins, September 17, 1847, in General Hospital at Vera Cruz ; William Knox, April 21, 1848, at Puebla; John Kfller, January 11, 1848, at Jalapa ; John Mylett, December 16, 1847, at Jalapa ; Hiram Leonard, December 2, 1847, at Jalapa ; Thomas A. Long, November 24, 1847, at Vera Cruz ; Henry Lawson, December 1, 1347, at New Orleans ; Reuben Light, December 2, 1847, at Jalapa ; Zedick Marlow, December 1, 1847, at Jalapa ; William R. Maynor, June 30, 1847, at Carrolton, La., James Mc- Connell, September 12, 1847, at Camp Bergara, Mexico ; William N. Moss, August 16, 1847, at Alton, 111. ; John McLaughlin, April 2, 1848, at Puebla ; Henry Piper, December 5, 1847, at Jalapa; William Pierce, October 12, 1847, at Vera Cruz ; John Redmon, December 29. 1847, at Jalapa ; William Reynolds, March 5, 1848, at Jalapa ; William G. Stewart, January 23, 1848, at Jalapa ; John H. Stull, December 20, 1847, at Camp Bergara ; Wright Taylor, May 6, 1848, at New Orleans ; William G. Worley, September 10, 1847, at Vera Cruz ; Charles Weston, September 2, 1847, at Camp Bergara ; Thomas A. White, February 1, 1848, at Jalapa, and Daniel Wallace, February 15, 1848, at Jalapa. Discharged - Sergeant Jeremiah Morgan, disabilitj- ; Privates William Baker, William C. Brooks, Clinton Brown, Robert Ballard, Oliver Forward, George W. Green, S. A. Honey, Arthur Leach, Robert Osborne and John Vickey for disability. The company was A of the Second Regiment, commanded by James Collins, Colonel, Stephen G. Hicks, of Mount Vernon, Lieutenant Colonel, and Thomas S. Livingston, Major.

The company proceeded to Alton, and there on the 26lh of June, 1847, was mustered into the United States service. Maj. Noah Johnston, of Mount Vernon, was Paj'master of the army during the last years of the war, and a more faithful officer in that important line of duty never wore the livery of Uncle Sam. The troops did not leave Alton until the 13th of August, and on the last day of the month they arrived at Vera Cruz. They were on active duty until after the close of the war, though they were engaged in no hard fighting. On the 2d of June, they were ordered home, and arrived at Alton July 7, where they were in due time paid off and discharged.

The Rebellion. - After the close of the Mexican war, for a little more than a decade, we remained in peace and tranquillity, save an occasional skirmish with the Indians. But war clouds were gathering, and our political atmosphere foreboded the coming storm. No outside foe or foreign enemy, however, now opposed us. Internal dissensions were shaking the countr}' from center to circumference, and it bade fair to become a " house divided against itself" In 1860, the storm grew dark and angry, and at the election of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency, and his inauguration in 1861, it burst in all its fury. It involved us in a civil war, the magnitude of which the world had never before seen. When the stars and stripes were hauled down from the battlements of Sumter, and the palmetto of the so-called Confederacj' raised in its stead, it set the country in a blaze of excitement. Old soldiers who had fought in the Black Hawk and Mexican wars came to the front, and scarcelv had the President made his first call for troops ere the quota was filled, and many left out who were clamoring to enlist. JeflTerson County was no laggard in the path of dutj-, and her patriotism was equal to any of her sister counties. She was not into the fraj- quite as soon as many other counties, but when once in she stuck to it until the old flag waved in triumph again over every State and Territory.

The regiment was made up principally in Marion, Wayne, Hamilton and Franklin Counties, with a few representatives, as we have said, from this county. It was commanded by that brave old warrior-hero of the Black Hawk and Mexican wars - Stephen G. Hicks. John W. Baugh was Adjutant, and Albion F. Taylor, Quartermaster, both honorable citizens of Mount Vernon, and perhaps others, of whom sketclies will be found in the biographical department of this volume.

Stephen Or. Hicks, a Sergeant in the Black Hawk war, a Captain, and afterward Lieutenant Colonel in the Mexican war, and Colonel of this (the Fortieth) regiment, was born for a soldier. He was the son of a soldier, possessed all the elements for a good soldier, and was one than whom none braver ever wore the uniform, nor followed the flag of the Union. He was bora February 22 (the anniversary of Washington's birthday), 1809, in Jackson County, Ga., and was the son of John Hicks, one of the seven men killed in the battle of New Orleans, January 8, 1815. Hence, he was left an orphan at the age of six years, with few advantages for education or mental culture. But he was an energetic lad, had a vigorous body and an active mind, that could not be content in idleness. After his father's death, his mother married Jacob Weldon, by whom young Stephen considered he was cruelly treated, and long before arriving at manhood he left the parental roof and hired to a man living near SpringQeld.. He worked during the summer, and went to school in winter, thus picking up a moderate education, and finally he found his way to the lead mines at Galena. Returning a few j-ears later, he worked at the carpenter's trade with iiis uncle, Carter Wilkey. When the Black Hawk war broke out in 1832 he was among the first to enlist, and was appointed First Sergeant of Capt. Bowman's Company, in which position he faithfully served during the war. He was married, in October,

1829, to Miss Eliza R. Maxey, a daughter of Burchett Maxey, who still survives him, and is a resident of Mount Vernon. Mr. Hicks represented Jefferson Count}' in the Lower House of the State Legislature from 1842 t6 1848, and as a legislator proved himself worthy and efficient, receiving the highest commendations of his constituents. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced law for a number of years.

At the breaking-out of the Mexican war, Col. Hicks recruited Company H, of the Third Regiment (Col. Foreman), and when his term of service had expired, he re-enlisted as a private, but was promoted Lieutenant Colonel of the Second Regiment as re-organized, before it left Alton, the place of rendezvous. His record throughout the Mexican war was that of an excellent and efficient officer, and a brave soldier. The following incident is illustrative of the man, and of his courage and bravery : A bad feeling was engendered during the first year of the war between Maj. Marshall and himself, and in their difference Col. Hicks proposed to go down on the river bank and fight it out. Maj. Marshall accepted the proposition, and, armed with pistols, they were about to test each other's courage, when the Lieutenant Colonel of their regiment found it out, and put a stop to it. He and Lieut. Bagwell had a little " spat " also during the first jear in Mexico, in which Bagwell (juestioned Hicks' bravery. In the battle of Cerro Gordo, when bullets were flying as thick as hail, Hicks held his hand aloft, and cried out, -' Lieut. Bagwell, show your hand, and we will see who is the bravest." Both men were brave even to rashness. Bagwell was at one time Sheriff of Jefferson County. He recruited a company during the late war, and joined the confederate army, and was killed in the battle of Shiloh, gallantly fighting at the head of his men. Hicks became Colonel, as we have seen, of the Fortieth Infantrj', in the late rebellion, and served his (Jov- ernment faithfully to the close of the war. He was severely wounded in the battle of Shiloh. while leading his regiment in the thickest of the fight. Waving his sword in the direction of the enemy, and turning in his saddle to cheer his men, a ball struck him in the back or shoulder, and he fell from his horse. His men swept on to avenge his fall, and Col. Hicks crawled a half a mile to water, and washed the blood from the wound with his own hand. During his service in the late war, he had four horses shot under him. After he recovered from his wounds, Gen Sherman, struck with the bravery of Col. Hicks, and in consideration of the wounds he had received, offered him the command of any post between Cairo and New Orleans. Col. Hicks had been stationed for awhile at Paducah in the early part of the war, and, liking the place, told Gen. Sherman he would accept the command of Paducah. which Sherman readily granted. Hicks also asked that Capt. Taylor, his Regimental Quartermaster, and who was his son-in-law, might be detached, and go with him as Post Adjutant. This Gen. Sherman also granted. Col. Hicks remained in command of Paducah from October, 1863, for about one and one-half years, and then went to Columbus, where he remained in command until after the close of the war. While in command at Paducah, the place was attacked by the confederate Gen. Forrest, who sent in a demand to Col. Hicks for its unconditional surrender, otherwise no quarter would be shown if it was captured by force. Hicks sent him word that his Government had placed him there to protect its property, and he would prove a traitor if he surrendered it, and wound up by telling Forrest he would have to come and take it. Gen. Thompson, of Mayfield, Ky., who commanded a brigade, had asked the favor of Forrest to let him take the fort where Hicks commanded in person, and was granted the request. He attacked it with great fury, but was struck by a cannon ball and literally torn in pieces, his bowels being scattered over the ground, and a portion of his spinal column being thrown several rods from where he fell. The battle was terrible while it lasted, the rebels losing 1.200 men in killed and wounded. The Union forces, who were protected b}- a fort, lost but seventeen killed and a number wounded.

Col. Hicks remained in the service until the establishment of peace. His defense of Paducah was one of the most brilliant achievements of the war, and won for him unqualified praise, but did not bring the promotion he merited. After his return from the war, he made his home in Salem, Marion County, where he had some time lived. He died there December 14, 1869, and his widow now lives in Mount Vernon, a highly respected elderly lady.

The Forty-fourth Infantry was a regiment in which Jeflferson County was well represented. Company F contained some fifteen or twenty men from this county, together with its first and Second Lieutenants, William Hicks and George W. Allen. Hicks resigned April 5, 1862, and Allen was promoted from Second to First Lieutenant, and resigned January 1. 1865. The other commissioned officers of the company were from Ashley and Richview.

Company I was almost wholly from this county, and was enrolled with the following commissioned officers ; Jasper Partridge, Captain ; Russell Brown, First Lieutenant ; and Jesse C. Bliss, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Partridge and First Lieut. Brown were mustered out at the end of three years, and Lieut. Charles M. Lyon was promoted to Captain of the veteran company, and T. J. Abbott became First Lieutenant. Second Lieut. Bliss was mustered out at the end of his term, and Andrew J. Young appointed Second Lieuteuant under reorganization. The non-commissioned officers were Cyrus A. Barrett, John A. Wall and Morris H. Taylor, Sergeants ; and Learner B. Allen, Franklin S. Parker, Henry P. Daniel, Isaac

Price, Edwin R. Bliss. Andrew J.Watson. William H. Pavey and John C. Crawford, Corporals. Wall was discharged April 8, 1862, on account of wounds ; Taylor re-enlisted as a veteran ; Daniel was discharged April 8, 1862, from disability ; Price was killed at Stone River, Decemlier 31, 1862; Watson was discharged from disability May 29. 1862. and Pavey died at home, February 1, 1862. The others were mustered out with the regiment.

The Forty-fourth Infantry was organized in August, 1861, at Camp Ellsworth, Chicago. It was mustered into the United States service on the 13th of September, and the next day proceeded under orders to St. Louis, Mo., and took up its quarters in Benton Barracks. It was supplied with arms from the St. Louis arsenal, and on the 22d embarked on a steamer for Jefferson City, which was threatened at that time by the rebel Gen. Price, jubilant over his recent victory at Lexington. It remained here until the 29th, when it was ordered to Sedalia, where it was assigned to Gen. Sigel's division. Here it was engaged in drilling, camp duty, scouting, foraging, etc., until the 13th of October, when the army took up its line of march toward Springfield, Mo., arriving at that place a little too late to participate in the bloody charge led by Maj. Zagonia (of Gen. Fremont's body guard) against the rebel cavalry stationed there. With much marching and countermarching, and in dailj- expectation of meeting the enemy, the fall and winter wore awaj-, and on the 2d of February, 1862, Gen. Curtis having assumed command of the army, it marched from RoUa, where it had been for some time, back toward Springfield, where Gen. Price was j concentrating his forces, with the intention of i offering fight should he be attacked. But he '' retired in good order," and the Union forces took possession of the town on the 13th without serious opposition. Then began an exciting chase, which many of Company I doubtless still remember, as the Forty-fourth was continally in advance until the army reached Camp Halleck, Benton Count}-, Ark. The pursuit was abandoned on the 20th of February, and the troops were allowed a few days' rest after their arduous service. They had marched four consecutive days, during the most inclement weather (there being six inches of snow a part of the time on the ground) and skirmishing almost continually during the last week's march. The troops remained here until the 5th of March, when news was received that the combined forces of Van Dorn, Price and McCullough were advancing to attack them, when they moved toward Sugar Creek Valley, and in the afternoon of the sixth the rear guard was attacked by the enemy and repulsed. This was the opening of the terrible battle of Pea Ridge, which resulted so disastrousl}- to the rebels. Tlie Foi-ty-fourth took a prominent part in it, and after the enemy had been routed was one of the regiments selected to follow up the retreat. For three days they pursued the fleeing rebels, capturing one stand of colors, and taking many hundred prisoners, and several pieces of artillery. They remained in this vicinity until the 5th of May, when they moved toward Forsythe, Mo., but was ordered back to Batesville, Ark. Here the army was re-organized, and the Forty-fourth became a part of the brigade commanded by Gen. Osterhaus. On the 8th, the army was put in motion, and started for Little Rock, but orders were received ordering it to Cape Girardeau, Mo., where, upon its arrival, it embarked for Pittsburg Landing, to re-enforce the troops then besieging Corinth. Miss. The troops arrived at Pittsburg Landing on the 26th, and the next day marched up within supporting distance of the main body of the army, arriving two days before the evacuation of Corinth. After the evacuation, the brigade to which the forty-fourth belonged was attached to Gen. Pope's army, and sent in pursuit of the retreating rebels, but owing to bad roads the pursuit was soon abandoned. The troops returned to Rienzi, Miss., and went into camp, wiiere tbej' remained until the 26th of August, when they were ordered to Covington, Ky.,to protect that place and Cincinnati, Ohio, against threatened attacks of the enemy. Tbey arrived there about the 1st of September, and were on duty there until the 17tb, when tbey crossed to Cincinnati and proceeded to Louisville, then threatened by Gen. Bragg.

The command remained in Louisville until the 1st of October, and during the time, it was again re-organized, the Forty-fourth being assigned to the Thirty-fifth Brigade, Eleventh Division, Army of the Ohio. October 1, the command (including the Forty-fourth) started on the memorable campaign through Kentucky in pursuit of Gen. Bragg, and participated in the battle of Perry ville on the 8th, being at the time in the division commanded by Gen. Phil Sheridan. They followed in pursuit of the enemy to Crab Orchard, and on the 20th of October marched toward Bowling Green, arriving there on the 1st of November. Here Gen. Rosecrans assumed command, and on the 4th the army took up the line of march toward Nashville, where it arrived on the 7th, relieving the garrison at that place and re-opening communication with Louisville. On the 26th of December, the army moved against the enemy at Murfreesboro. The Forty -fourth was now attached to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Twentieth Army Corps, Col. Schaffer commanding the brigade. Gen. Sheridan the division, and Gen. McCook the corps. The Fortyfourth took an active part in the bloody battle of Stone River, losing more than half its members, killed and wounded, Capt. Hosmer of Ashley, being among the killed. It remained with the army at Murfreesboro, until the 26th of June 1863, when it again marched to the front and crossed swords with the enemy at Hoover's Gap, Shelbyville and Tullahoma. In the early part of July, it proceeded to Stephenson, Ala., where it remained until the

21st of August, when the movement began against Chattanooga. The Twentieth Corps moved down toward Rome, Ga., when the balance of the army was attacked near Chickamauga by Bragg and Longstreet. The Fortyfourth was ordered to return at once and join the main army, and after three days and nights of forced marches, it arrived on the field in time to take part in the desperate conflict of September 19th and 20th. Falling back to Chattanooga, it remained there until the latter part of November, when it again advanced, and on the 25th was one of the foremost regiments in the bloody charge on Mission Ridge, Gen. Sheridan bestowing unmeasured praise upon it for having placed one of the first flags on the enemy's works. Following the enemy next day, it captured many prisoners and several pieces of artillery. On the 27th, it was ordered back to Chattanooga, to prepare for a forced march to Knoxville, 150 miles distant, to relieve the forces then besieged by Gen. Longstreet, but arrived three days after the siege had been raised by Gen. Burnside. The Twentieth and Twenty-first Corps were consolidated at Chattanooga, and the Forty-fourth was assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, Col. W. T. Sherman commanding the brigade. Gen. Sheridan the division, and Gen. Granger the corps. After considerable maneuvering, the troops went into camp at Blain's Cross Roads, where they were several times on the point of starvation, having, for da3-s at a time, nothing but corn in the ear, and but a limited supply of that. Said a writer upon the subject : " Nothing could more fully prove the patriotism of the men than the fact that here, on the point of starvation, exposed to the most inclement weather (it being so cold that the ink would freeze to the pen as the men signed their names), over three-fourths of the regiment voluntarily consented to serve three years more, for that Government for which

Tlie regiment remained at Blain's Cross Roads until the 12th of January, 1864, and then marched to Dandridge, Tenn. On the 16th and 17th an attack was made by the enemy in full force, and the Uniou forces fell back to Knoxville, and from there marched to Kingston, where they remained until the 30th, when the Forty-fourth was ordered to Chattanooga to receive veteran furlough. It arrived there on the 3d of February, and drew full rations for the first time in four months, and started home on the 18th, arriving at Chicago on the 1st of March. On the 4th the men were furloughed and started for their homes. From the time the regiment left its rendezvous in September, 1861, to the time of its re-enlistment, it had marched over five thousand miles.

The Forty-fourth reached Nashville April 14, 1864, on its way back to the field, and two days later marched toward Chattanooga, where it arrived on the 30th, moving from there to Cleveland, Tenn., where it was immediately ordered to the front with tlie main army, then moving toward Atlanta. It passed through nearly all the battles and skirmishes of the Atlanta campaign, among which were Buzzard Roost, Rocky Faced Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Gulp's Farm, Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro and Atlanta. From the 28th of September it was on active duty, engaged nearly every day in scouting, skirmishing or fighting until the 30th of November, when it took part in the battle of Franklin, Tenn. This was one of the most desperate battles, while it lasted, in which the regiment was engaged during the war. The honor of winning the battle and saving the army, in a general order, was given to the brigade of which the Forty fourth was a part. The next day the army reached Nashville, and the Forty-fourth took part in the battle of

Nashville, December 15 and 16, and followed the broken columns of the rebel army to the Tennessee River. The army weut into camp at Iluntsville, Ala., on the 5th of January, 1865, where the battered old Forty-fourth enjoyed a few weeks' rest. Its fighting was now about over. The confederacy fell soon after, and with the tableau at Appomattox, the curtain went down on the bloody drama. But the war-worn veterans of the Forty-fourth were not yet permitted to lay aside the trappings of war. On the 15th of June, it started, under orders, for New Orleans, arriving on the 22d, and after remaining thereuntil the 16th of July, it was ordered into Texas. It remained on duty in Texas until September 25, 1865, when it was ordered home, arriving at Springfield on the 15th of October, and was paid off and discharged. -

The Forty-ninth Infantry is the next body in which we find Jefferson County represented. Company K was from this county, and its commissioned officers were as follows : Benjamin F. Wood, Captain ; Joseph Laur, First Lieutenant, and James G-. Gilbert, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Wood resigned June 10, 1862 ; Lieut. Laur was promoted to Captain in his stead, and mustered out with the regiment September 9, 1865. Upon the promotion of Lieut. Laur, Second Lieut. James Lemmon became First Lieutenant. His term expired January 9, 1865, and Second Lieut. Jonathan Foster was promoted in his stead. Lieut. Gilbert resigned March 5, 1862, and James Lemmon was promoted to the vacancy, and afterward to First Lieutenant. Edward Barbee became Second Lieutenant upon the promotion of Lieut. Lemmon ; he resigned July 5, 1865, and Jonathan Foster was promoted to fill the vacancy. Foster was promoted to First Lieutenant, when John S. Brooks became Second Lieutenant, and as such was mustered out with the regiment.

Morrison commanding, was organized al Camp Butler December 31, 1861, and mustered into the United States service. On tiie 3d of February, 1862, it was ordered to Cairo, 111., and on the 8th it moved to Fort Henry, where it was assigned to the Third Brigade of McClernand's division. It moved to Fort Donelson on the 11th, and participated in that battle, losing fourteen men killed and thirty-seven wounded. Among the wounded was Col. Morrison, who commanded the brigade to which the Fort3'-nintli belonged. The regiment remained at Fort Donelson until the 4th of March, when the army was put in motion, and on the 6th the Forty-ninth, with other troops, embarked for Pittsburg Landing. It bore an active part in the battle of Shiloh April 6 and 7, and lost in the two engagements seventeen killed and ninety-nine wounded. Among the wounded in this engagement were Lieut. Col Pease, commanding the regiment, and Maj. Bishop. It was engaged in the siege of Corinth, and on the 4th of June it moved to Bethel, where it was assigned to the division of Gen, John A. Logan, district of Jackson, Maj. Gen. McClernand commanding. On the th of March, 1863, the regiment moved from Bethel to Grand Junction, and from thence to Germantown, and on the 12th to White Station, where it was assigned to the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Sixteenth Armj- Corps, Col. Sanford commanding the brigade. Gen. Smith the division, and Gen. Hurlbut the corps. It was ordered to Helena, Ark., August 21 to join Gen. Steele's expedition against Little Rock. September 2 it joined the main array at Brownsville, Ark., and on the 10th participated in the capture of Little Rock. From here it proceeded to Duval's Bluff, and from thence it returned to Memphis, where it arrived on the 21st of November.

Third Brigade, Col. Wolf commanding. Third Division, Gen. Smith, and the Sixteenth Arm}- Corps. It remained on active dut}', was with Gen. Sherman ^on the Meridian campaign, was assigned to the Red River expedition and served in Louisiana until June 24, when it was ordered home on veteran furlough. The non-veterans remained in the field, commanded b}' Capt. Logan, and participated in the battle of Tupelo Julj' 14 and 15 while their comrades were at home enjoying themselves. At the expiration of their furlough, the veterans rendezvoused at Centralia, and proceeded to Cairo, and from thence to Memphis and Holly Springs, where they joined the command. August 12, they participated in the Oxford expedition, and on the 30th of September embarked for Jefferson Barracks, Mo., and proceeded to Franklin. They drove the enemy from that place, and with the main army went in pursuit of Gen. Price, after which the Forty-ninth returned to St. Louis on the 18th of November. From St. Louis thej- were ordered to Nashville, Tenn,, where they arrived December 1, and took part in that bloody battle on the 15th and 16th, It was ordered to Paducah, Ky., on the 24th of December, where the non-veterans were mustered out of the service, their term of enlistment having expired. The veterans remained on garrison duty at Paducah until September 9, 1865, when they were ordered to Camp Butler, 111., and on the 15th were paid off and discharged.

The Sixtieth Infantry contained more Jefferson County men, perhaps, than an}- other regiment of the war. Its second Colonel, William B. Anderson, is a native of the county, has always lived here, and is known to nearly every man, woman and child ; the last Colonel of the regiment, George W. Evans, is now a prominent citizen of Mount Vernon ; the last Quartermaster, James H. Rogers, was also from the county ; while Jefferson contributed to nearly every company, and very largely to C, D and

William B. Anderson, who, upon the death of Col. Toler - the First Colonel of the Sixtieth - succeeded to the command of the regiment, was born in Mount Vernon April 2, 1830, and is a son of Gov. Stinson H. and Candace (Chickering) Anderson. He was educated in the common schools of Jefferson County, and at McKendree College, Lebanon, 111., and at the age of twenty-one years began the study of the law under Judge Scales, then on the Supreme bench. Mr. Anderson was admitted to the bar in 1857, but owing to failing health resulting from a too close application to study, he gave up a profession in which he was eminently fitted to shine as an ornament, and betook himself to the more humble life of a farmer. Thus was lost to the legal profession a man who, had he remained at the bar, would no doubt have become one of the leading lawyers of Southern Illinois.

Mr. Anderson soon displayed an interest in the political affairs of the county, and in 18,i6 was elected Representative in the Lower House of the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1858. He took an active part in both sessions, which were rather stormj', as political controvers3-, consequent upon the recent organization of the Republican party, ran high. Such were the strength and solidity of his abilities that he won the most honorable position among the members of those bodies. He introduced a resolution in the session of 1856 to prohibit special legislation, and to make all legisl.ation general, as special legislation had been carried to such excess as to become a nuisance, and greatly retard business. He fought it all the way to the end, but was overpowered at last. But he could not give it up, and in the Constitutional Convention, some fifteen years later, lie again brought it up, and succeeded in having it engrafted in the new constitution. It was a sore stroke to Ciiicago. and still rankles in her people. The onl3- way that Chicago can now secure special legislation is through a general act "applying to counties of 100,000 inhabitants and upward."

But it is as a soldier, perhaps, that Mr. Anderson is best fitted for a noble and brilliant career. It has lieen said " that tiie poet is born, not made," and to the soldier does the saying apply with equal truth, as proven by man}' of our citizen soldiers during the late civil war. Scores of officers could be enumerated who never saw West Point, and who retired from the army at the close of the rebellion, the equal in militarj" talent and ability oT any graduate of West Point that ever wore sword. It is the natural talent for a trade or profession that qualifies a man to adorn that trade or profession, and, while education may the better fit him for them, yet education alone will not make a mechanic, a lawyer, or a soldier.

lu February, 1862, Mr. Anderson enlisted as a private soldier in Companj' B, of the Sixtieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. But upon the organization of the regiment, which took place on the 17th, at Camp DuBois, Illinois, he was made its Lieutenant Colonel, Silas C. Toler, of Jonesboro, being Colonel. Col. Toler died .March 2, 1863, and Lieut. Col. Anderson was promoted Colonel in his place. March 13, 1865, he was promoted to Brigadier General for brave and meritorious service, a promotion more than merited, though long deferred. Unfortunately for Gen. Anderson's military preferment, he was of the wrong political faith, and unlike some of his brotiier officers from Southern Illinois, he refused to change his politics for the sake of official advancement. He adhered to the principle that " the leopard cannot change his spots, nor the Ethiopian his skin " (consistently, at least), and saw frequent examples of men selling their political opinions for military rank. Lo3-al to the core, and brave as a Roman warrior, he was doomed to the hu- miliation of witnessing promotion upon promotion over his liead wliolly for political reasons. And, when, in view of liis long and faithful service, promotion could no longer be withheld, it came somewhat grudgingly, or indifferently rather, much as we might throw a bone to a dog. The war then, was. in a measure, over, and tlie hard fighting about through with, and Gen. Anderson, soon after his promotion as Brigadier General, resigned, and returned to his home in Jefferson County.

Gen. Anderson was a brave and efficient soldier, and seemed born for military service. That he did not receive his just deserts, is a shame and a reproach upon the Government he faithfully served through four lon^ and terrible years. As a Major General, he would have won a name and a fame equaled by few and surpassed by none of Illinois' citizen soldiers. But his political principles, to which was no doubt added a jealousy of his growing reputation, conceived by other officers, whose ambition led them to covet his hard-earned laurels, kept him in the background, while those less worthy and less qualified rose to prominence. The language of the late George D. Prentice seems eminently appropriate here : ^ ' The flame

After his return from the army, Gen. Anderson again entered upon farm life, but in 1869 he was elected to the Constitutional Convention, and in 1871, upon the death of Hon. S. K. Casey, he was elected to fill out his unexpired term in the State Senate. In 1874, he was elected upon the Independent Greenback ticket to the National Congress, and in 1876 came within two votes of being elected to the United States Senate, instead of Hon. David Davis, and but for a little private jealousy perhaps would have been chosen to that honorable position. In 1882, he was elected County Judge, which position he now occupies.

Col. George W. Evans, who was mustered out as the commanding officer of the Sixtieth Infantiy, was a citizen of Johnson County, 111., at the breaking-out of the war. He there recruited Company E. of the Sixtieth, of which he was made Captain. He was promoted Major of the regiment March 2, 1863, and on the 21st of May following, was promoted Lieutenant Colonel, in place of Col. Hess, who had resigned. Upon the resignation of Gen. Anderson, Col. Evans succeeded to the command of the regiment, and was promoted to Colonel May 11, 1865, but never mustered as such. He was mustered out with the regiment, July 31, 1865, as Lieutenant Colonel.

Col. Evans was a brave, gallant and faithful soldier. During his whole term of service, he never missed a march or a battle in which his regiment participated. He was in all the principal battles from Nashville to the sea. and was at the surrender of Gen. Joe Johnston, and with his gallant old regiment went to Washington via Richmond, parti'^ipated in the grand review at Washington, and was finally mustered out with it at Louisville, Ky. He then returned to Illinois, and has since been a citizen of Jefferson County.

Company C, of the Sixtieth, in which Jefferson CounLy was largely represented, was enrolled with the following commissioned officers : John B. Moss, Captain ; Thomas J. Rhodes, First Lieutenant, and Mark Hailes, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Moss resigned December 19, 1862, and Simeon Walker was promoted to the vacancy. His term expired March U, 1865, and John B. Allen was promoted Captain, but de- clined the commission, and resigned as First Lieutenant, April 5, 1865, -when Francis L. Ferguson was promoted Captain, and as such was mustered out with the regiment, July 31, 1865. First Lieut. Rhodes was promoted to Captain of Company A, and Mark Hailes became First Lieutenant. December 20, 1862, John R. Allen succeeded him as First Lieutenant, and upon his resignation Francis L. Ferguson becames First and was promoted Captain, when James H. Guthrie was promoted First Lieutenant, and was mustered out with the regiment. Second Lieut. Mark Hailes was promoted, and Simeon Walker became Second ; he also was promoted and was succeeded as Second by John Tweedy, who resigned January 25, 1864, and Edward A. Patterson was promoted to Second Lieutenant, but mustered out with the regiment as Sergeant.

Company D, which contained some forty odd men from this county, went into the service with the following commissioned ofiScers : Alfred Davis, of McLeansboro, Captain ; Edmund D. Choisser, of Mooresville, First Lieutenant, and James Stull, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Davis resigned, and was succeeded by Capt. L. S. Wilbanks, who also resigned, and was succeeded by John B. Coleman. CajJt. Coleman was killed July 26, 1864, during the Atlanta compaign. Green S. Stuart then became Captain, resigned, and William H. Thorp was promoted Captain and mustered out with the regiment. First Lieut. Choisser resigned, and was succeeded by Lieut. Coleman, who, upon promotion, was succeeded by Anozi Kuiffen. Lieut Knififen was killed May 12, 1864, and Green W. Stewart became First Lieutenant, who was promoted, and succeeded as First by William H. Thorpe ; he was also promoted and Eli Webb became First Lieutenant. Second Lieut. Stull re- signed and Anozi Kniffen was promoted in his stead, and upon his own promotion was succeeded by Alfred Kniffin, who resigned January 9, 1864, and was succeeded by M. W. Smith, who was mustered out with the regiment.

Company G also contained a number of Jefferson County men, and the following commissioned officers from the county: Jehu J. Maxey, the First Lieutenant and the second Captain of the company; Cornelius N. Breeze, the second First Lieutenant, and E. H. Redburn the third Second Lieutenant of the company; while Company I also contained men from the county, and the following commissioned officers: John Frizell, the first Captain, Asa Hawkins, the secoud Second and the second First Lieutenant, and John W. Moses, the third and John A. Johnson the foui'th Second Lieutenants of the company.

The Sixtieth Infantry was organized at Camp Du Bois February 17, 1862, and mustered into the United States service. On the 22d, it was ordered to Cairo, and March 14 it moved to Island No. 10. After the surrender of that place, it returned to Columbus, Ky., and afterward to Cairo. It was ordered to the Tennessee River on the 7th of May, and on the 12th arrived at Hamburg Landing, where it was assigned to the Second Brigade, First Division, Army of the Mississippi, Col. Charles M. Lynn of Michigan commanding the brigade. The Sixtieth was engaged in the siege of Corinth, and was a part of the force that pursued the enemy beyond Booneville, Miss. July 21, it was ordered to Tuscumbia, Ala., thence to Nashville, where it arrived September 12, and where it remained during the siege. On the 7th of November it was engaged in repelling an attack on Edgefield, made by Gen. Morgan. December 12, it was transferred to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Foiirth

Army Corps, and on the 5th of January, 1863, it had a skirmish with Wheeler's cavalry, between Nashville and Miirfreesboro, in which the latter were repulsed. After the battle of Murfreesboro, the Sixtieth returned to Nashville, and on the 2d of March Col. Toler died, and Lieut. Col. Anderson succeeded to the command. July 20, the regiment moved to Murfreesboro, and August 26 it proceeded via Columbia, Athens, Huntsville and Stevenson, to Dallas, Tex., where it arrived the 12th of November. Here the Sixtieth was assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division and Fourteenth Army Corps, and participated in the battle of Chattanooga and took part in the memorable march to Knoxville. Ragged and footsore, the tattered regiment returned to ChattaQOoara, arriving December 24, and going into winter quarters at Rossville. February 22, 1864, about three fourths of the regiment re enlisted, and on the 26th took part in the reconnoissance toward Dalton, Ga., which resulted in the battle of Buzzard Roost. In this battle the Sixtieth suffered severely, forty-two being killed and wounded. On the 6th of March, the regiment, or the veterans of it, was sent home to Illinois on furlough. When its veteran furlough had expired, the regiment returned to the iield via Louisville, Nashville and Chattanooga to Rossville. The Atlanta campaign commenced on the 2d of May, and the Sixtieth bore an honorable part in those stirring times. It participated in the battles of Ringgold, Dalton, Resaca, Rome, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Jonesboro. For its brave and gallant conduct at Jonesboro, September 1, the regiment received the highest praise, of both the division and corps commanders. It remained in camp at Atlanta until September 29, when it moved to Florence, and

October 10 it proceeded to Chattanooga. On the 18th it marched from La Fayette, Ga., to Gdtesville, and from thence to Atlanta. It took part in the famous march to the sea, and was in many ot the battles and skirmishes of that hard campaign, that at Bentonville, March 19, 1865, being as severe as any in which the regiment was engaged during its long service. At one time, it was surrounded on all sides, but behaved gallantly, and finally extricated itself and escaped capture. April 10, it moved to Raleigh, N. C, and remained there until after the surrender of Gen. Joe Johnston, when it proceeded to Richmond, the quondam confederate capitol, and from thence to Washington, where, on the 14th of May, it participated in the grand review.

The war was now ended, and the boys were eager to exchange the sword for the plow. On the 12th of June the regiment was ordered to Louisville, Ky., where it performed provost guard duty until July 21, when it was mustered out of the United States service. It then proceded to Camp Butler, 111., wheve it received final payment and discharge.

The Eightieth Infantry is the next regiment in which the county was rej^resented. Company E was a Jefferson Coanty company, while Company H contained some Jefferson County men. Comjaany E was enrolled with the following commissioned officers: Stephen T. Stratton, Captain; Newton C. Pace, First Lieutenant; and Charles W. Pavey, Second Lieatenant. Capt. Stratton resigned December 22. 1862, and was succeeded by Lieutenant Pace, who was honorably discharged May 15, 1865. Lieutenant Pavey was promoted to Captain, but was absent on detached duty at the muster out of the regiment. He is now Collector of Internal Revenue for this district. William Randall was ing and Bhoes. January 27, 1864, it broke camp and moved to Blue Springs, via Chattanooga, Cleveland and Charleston. It was engaged in the Atlanta campaign, and participated in the battles of Dalton, Resaca, Adairsville, Cassville, Dallas, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station. During this stirring campaign, the Sixtieth lost twenty-five killed, and sixty wounded. It pursued Hood in his long retreat, and December 15 and 16 took part in the battle of Nashville, where it behaved with great gallantry. On the 5th of January, 1865, it arrived at Huntsville, Ala., where Maj. Bates, who had returned from captivity, assumed command of the regiment. The remainder of its service was in marching and skirmishing, and Jane 10, 1865, its term of service having expired, it was mustered out of service, and sent home to Camp Butler for final discharge. During its term of service, the Sixtieth traveled over 6.000 miles, and took part in more than twenty battles. Only four of the captured officers ever)' returned to the regiment.

The One Hundred and Tenth Infantry also contained a company from Jeiferson County, together with its first Colonel, Thomas S. Casey; its Quartermaster, Thomas H. Hobbs; and its First Assistant Sargeon. Hiram S. Phimmer. Sketches of Col. Casey and Dr. Plummer will be found in other chapters of this work. Company B, the company from this county, had for its commissioned officers the following: Charles H. Maxey, Captain; Samuel T. Maxey, First Lieutenant; and John H. Dukes, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Maxey resigned March 22, 1863, and was succeeded by Lieut. Maxey, who was mustered out under the consolidation of the regiment. Lieut. Dukes was promoted to First Lieutenant, and transferred to Company A, under the consolidation, and promoted to Captain, and as such mustered out with the regiment at the close of its term of service. Thomas J. Maxey was promoted to Second Lieutenant March 22, 1863, and transferred to Company A, under the consolidation.

On the 8th of May, the One Hundred and Tenth was consolidated, by reducing the regiment to a battalion of four companies, under the following special field order: "Maj. Gen. Palmer, commanding Second Division, Twenty-fu'st Army Corps, will cause the consolidation of the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, under the instructions contained in General Order No. 86, War Department, current series. The officers to be retained in the service to be selected by him. The Assistant Commissary of Musters, Second Division, Twenty-first Army Corps, will muster out of service all officers rendered supernumerary by the consolidation. By command of Maj. Gen. Rosecrans." Under the consolidation, Col. Casey, Quartermaster Hobbs and Surgeon Plummer were mustered out of service, and the battalion given in command of Lieut. Col. Crawford, who afterward resigned. E. B. Topping, of Springfield, was promoted Lieutenant Colonel, and remained in command of the battalion until the close of its term of service.

So far as we have been able to obtain information, this completes the sketch of those regiments in which the county was represented by commissioned officers or an organized tiody of men. Many men, however, from Jeflerson County served iu the late wai', besides those belonging to the regiments we have described. In nearly every regiment recruited in Southern -Illinois, Jeiferson County was represented with more or less of enlisted men, while they were even found scattered through more than one Indiana. Missouri and Kentucky regiment A clo-e perusal of the history of the Black Hawk and Mexican wars, and the rebellion, will tell the story of Jefferson County, and of Illinois soldiers generally. A hundred battle-fields attest their bravery in the late civil war. and their depleted ranks, as the broken regiments struggled homeward, disclosed the sad evidence that they had met foes aa brave as themselves. Many who went out came not back, but sleep in peace - now that their battles are ended - in the unknown graves where they fell. Requiescat in pace!

A few words of tribute, in conclusion of this chapter, are due to the noble women whose zeal and patriotism were as pure and as strong as those who bore the brunt of the battle. They could not shoulder their guns and march in the ranks, but they were no idle spectators of the struggle. How often was the soldier's heart encouraged; how often his right arm made stronger to strike for his country by the cheering words of patriotic, hopeful women! And how of ten the poor lad upon whom disease had fastened, was made to thank devoted women for their ceaseless and untiring exertions in collecting and sending stores for the comfort of the sick and wounded. A war correspondent paid them the following merited tribute: " While soldiers of every grade and color are receiving the eulogies and encomiums of a grateful people, patient, forbearing woman is forgotten. The scar-worn veteran is welcomed with honor to home. The recruit, the colored soldier, and even the hundred days' men receive the plaudits of the nation. But not one word is said of that patriotic widowed mother, who sent, with a mother's blessing on his head, her only son, the staff and support of her declining years, to battle for his country. The press says not one word of the patriotism, of the sacrifices of the wife, sister or daughter, who, with streaming eyes and almost broken heart, said to husbands, brothers, fathers, ' Much as we love you, we cannot bid you stay with us when our country needs you,' and with Spartan heroism they bade them go and wipe out the insixlt offered to the star-spangled banner, and to preserve unsullied this union of States. "

Brave, noble, generous women! your deeds deserve to be written i q letters of shining gold. Your gentle ministrations to the unfortunate, and your loving kindness to the poor, warworn soldiers will never be forgotten while one soldier lives; and your noble self-sacrificing devotion to your country will live, bright and imperishable as Austerlitz's sun.