Johnson County, Illinois - The whole text, 1925 (part 5 of 12)

Daniel Chapman - In the Spring of 1775, he volunteered in West Chester County, New York for the nine months under Captain Sackett, who joined the regiment of Colonel Thomas. The population of the county had an unusual proportion of tories, who in the latter part of 1775. as well as during the following winter, were very active and aggressive in plundering and burning the buildings occupied by the patriots, to prevent these depredations he was involved in a number of skirmishes, one of them occurring at New Castle, Westchester County, where his captain was taken prisoner. After his term had expired he was detained two months longer before he received his discharge. In the spring of 1776 he again volunteered for nine months under the same officer, Captain Sackett having been exchanged and was employed in the same partisan war fare as no regular British troops were stationed above New York City until after it was occupied by the enemy September 15, 1776. A Colonel Holmes, who had lived in Bedford had joined the British and with a body of Tory horsemen destroyed the buildings in that town except his own house.

A deserter brought the information that Col. Holmes was coming to destroy them. To prevent this, Chapman, with a party of forty-five or fifty others volunteered under Lieutenant Mosier. His party was surrounded by four times its number of Tory horsemen, yet by forming a hollow square they received the attack at the point of their bayonets, with a great slaughter, of men and horses, killing the horse of Colonel Holmes and badly wounding him. The enemy was repulsed by the patriots without the loss of a man.

Early in 1777 Chapman, being well acquainted with the country, volunteered as a scout and received the appointment of 2nd Sergeant under Colonel Weisenfelt in which capacity he served one year ; having occasional fights with parties of the enemy. He continued with Colonel Weisenfelt until the main army, late in August, 1781, marched south to meet Cornwallis, in Virginia. He was in conflicts at Dobbs Ferry where there was a small fort, which to some extent prevented the enemy's vessels from passing up the river.

William Copeland - Adjutant General's office, Washington, D. C. It is shown by the records of this office that Wm. Copeland of Virginia served as a private in Captain William Smith's company 11th. Virginia Regiment, commanded successively by Colonel Daniel Morgan, Major Thomas Snead, Captain William Blackwell, Captain Charles Porterfield and Lieutenant Colonel John Cropper, Revolutionary war. He enlisted November 23, 1776, to serve during the war, was promoted to Corporal, in December, 1776, transferred about November 1878 to Captain Charles Porterfield's Company, 7th Virginia Regiment, commanded by Colonel Daniel Morgan transferred about May 7, 1779 to Captain John Marshall's company, same regiment, and he is reported on the company muster roll for November, 1779, dated at Camp Morristown, December 9, 1779 as discharged.

The service of Copeland and Lawson had not been established at the time the Tablet was placed in the Court Yard at Vienna in 1919. William Copeland is buried in this county, tradition says, on the Alfred Hook farm.

John Damron, maternal grandfather of Captain Mark Whiteaker was a pioneer of New Burnside Township, this county and has many descendants here. Benj. Gill was also a Revolutionary soldier and resided in Johnson County. They are buried in Williamson County at the Drake Cemetery, just across the line of Johnson. Their graves were marked by the government as Revolutionary Soldiers through their descendants several years ago. Daniel Chapman's grave was marked as a Revolutionary Solider by his family. Jacob Harvick and Hezekiah West's graves were marked by the Daniel Chapman Chapter D. A. R. of Vienna.

War Of 1812

The roster of 1812 does not give the address of the soldiers enrolled. It only states what county they were from and in most cases the county in which they enlisted. The following names have been selected as men probably serving from Johnson County as the names also appear on record here: James N. Fox commanded a detachment of rangers on the frontier of Johnson County from February 13, 1813 till March 1, 1813. James Fox was sergeant in this company. The privates were William Edwards, James Flannery, Buckner Harris, James Buchen, George Deason, Daniel Griffith, Moas Blain, John F. Norton, Shadrock Rawlinson, William Rawlinson and John Davis. William Simpson, father of J. J. Simpson served in the war of 1812 under Captain James Whiteside. James Bradshaw served in Captain John Scotts Company. John Worley in Captain Alexander's company. There is no way of knowing positively, but the following were more than likely men who served in this war from this county : Joseph and John Fur-

Black Hawk War 1831-32

There is no roster of Johnson County men in the Adjutant General's report of those who served in the Black Hawk War and no address except the county in which they enlisted. It is a little difficult therefore to decide just who were Johnson County men. There are three old residents of this county whom it is certain were soldiers in this war; Jason B. Smith, Green B. Veach, both from Pope County and Locklin L. Madden given in an independent regiment. There are several other names that belong to early families of this county as follows : Barton Scroggins, John J. Dean, Joseph Harper, Pleasant Rose, James B. Kerley, Milton Ladd, George Vancil, Nathan D. Walker and George W. Chapman.

Mexican War

In the Adjutant General's report the names of the soldiers who served from this county in the Mexican War were recorded but their address is not given, only the place of enlistment, consequently it is only possible to gather these names from accidental lists and old people and many may be unintentionally omitted.

Spanish War

Elder W. Cline, W. R. Simpson, Thomas Clymer, William Rebman, Frank Milligan, A. C. Karaker, Harry Perkins, Moses Halcomb, Olus Bailsen, D. Edward Jones, Carroll Webb, William Tiller, Benjamin H. Shanklin; Dempsy Summer, Kit Brayboy, colored. John Beauman of this county served in the Signal Corps of the regular army in this war, and died of yellow fever. He is buried in Arlington Cemetery, Va., Adolphus Worley, a Johnson County boy also served in this war, enlisting from Texas. William Donaghy another native son was a volunteer in this war. His place of enlistment is not known.

D. J. Cowan, former cadet of Southern Illinois Normal raised a company here to serve under Colonel J. P. Robarts, of Mound City. D. J. Cowan was captain, Charles M. Ferris, 1st Lieutenant, W. Y. Davis, 2nd Lieutenant, but the services of the Colonel or the company were not needed in this war.

Civil War, 1861-65

It is not an easy task to search out the names of the soldiers of this war, but the task was done willingly since our obligation to those old and now fast passing veterans can never be discharged. We want to revere their memory and honor those who are still among us. The only regret is, that by mistake some of the names may be omitted in this list. There were 1,678 men subject to duty in Johnson County in 1861. They were scattered in different regiments of Infantry in the following companies 8th, 9th, 11th, 18th, 20th, 29th, 31st, 48th, 56th, 60th, 65th. 72nd, 81st, 88th, 90th, 91st, 109th, 110th, 120th, 123rd, 127th, 128th, 136th, and 145th; Cavalry 1st, 5th, 6th, 9th, 13th, 14th, 15th, and Battery K Light Artillery. Those containing the largest number of men were the 31st Regiment, organized by John A. Logan and composed mostly of men from Southern Illinois except companies I and K. They were mustered into service September 8, 1861. Their first major engagement was at Belmont ; some other battles were Ft. Donelson, Thompson's Hill, Champion Hill, many skirmishes and other duties falling to the lot of the soldier whose term of service was as long as theirs. They participated in the siege of Vicksburgh, receiving the place of honor at its capitulation.

The 60th was organized at Anna, February 17, 1862, engaged in the Sieges of Corinth and Nashville, battles of Murfreesboro, Chattanooga, Buzzard Roost, Kennesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, and many smaller battles and skirmishes. They participated in the Grand Review at Washington, D. C. The 120th contained more men than any other regiment from this county and was organized by Colonel John G. Hardy of Vienna. It was composed of companies A, B, C, E, G, I, and K. They went into camp at Vienna August 13, 1862 and were mustered into service the following October. This company lost many men during the fall and winter with Small Pox, Measles and Pneumonia. Their campaign was waged mainly in Tennessee and Mississippi. They did guard duty in many sections of the south, also taking part in many minor battles and skirmishes. Many of their men served long terms in rebel prisons. There principal battle was Guntown, Miss.

The 145th was mustered in at Camp Butler and belonged to what was known as the 100 day men. Illinois with Ohio, Indiana and Iowa tendered the Government a volunteer force of 85,000 men to relieve the veteran soldiers of guard duty at Forts, Arsenals and elsewhere which was so necessary now that the government had control of so much territory. Illinois furnished thirteen regiments and two battalions. Governor Yates, among other things, said of these men "Our regiments under this call performed indispensible and invaluable services in Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri; relieving veteran troops, taking part in the Atlanta campaign and contributing to our success in Virginia, and Georgia. To the timely organization and efficient service of the 100 day men we owe a debt of gratitude."

The 14th Cavalry was recruited and organized in the fall of 1862 with head quarters at Peoria, equipped in March, 1863 and entered active service in the following April at Celind, Ky. They pursued Morgan on his raid of 2100 miles until he was captured, taking part in many battles and skirmishes on this flying campaign. They participated in the battle of Cumberland Gap, routed the enemy in many places, capturing men and supplies in the east Tennessee campaign. The Siege of Knoxville, Bean Station, Dandridge, the famous Macon raid were also part of their duties. After the surrender of Stoneman at the bat- tie of Sunshine Church, the cavalry undertook to cut their way out of the enemy's country. They were surprised by the enemy after seven days and nights in the saddle, many were captured and the command was badly demoralized. They were re-equiped at Waynesboro, Ky., in time to take part in the battle of Nashville and assist in crushing Hood's Army.

Civil War Soldiers World War Work

War having been declared by the United States, April 6, 1917, Johnson County had no part in it till June of that year, except to send some of her sons as volunteers.

Johnson County. Mrs. P. T. Chapman, Chairman; Mr. E. C. Benson, Secretary; Rev. C. S. Tritt, Mrs. Mary E. Chapman, Mr. and Mrs. Lucas Parker, Mr. W. H. Gilliam, Mrs. J. Spieldoch, Mrs. Jennie Rosenburg and Mrs. George E. Galeener. Conforming to this authority the committee met June 18, 1917. The following officers were elected : Chairman, Rev. C. S. Tritt; Vice-Chairman, J. Spieldoch, Treasurer, E. C. Benson, Sec, Lucas Parker. The following elected on the executive board: George E. Galeener, F. R. Wolfle, W. H. Gilliam, Mesdames P. T. Chapman, 0. R. Morgan, W. E. Beal, Vienna; Miss Gussie Mathis, Bloomfield ; Frank Leary, Foreman, P. C. McMahan, Tunnel Hill ; Edward Cummins, Reevesville; Dr. H. W. Walker, Grantsburgh; J. W. Reynolds, Simpson; J. R. Barker, Ozark; Ray Lawrence and Mrs. Arthur Williams, New Burnside; Everet McMahan and Mrs. N. J. Benson, Goreville; Dr. Chas. Nobles, and Mrs. F. S. Kuykendall, Buncombe ; H. A. Brown, Boles ; Rev. J. R. Slaton and Blain Pearce, Cypress ; Mrs. 0. P. Martin, and Joseph Crawford, Belknap. Executive committee: C. S. Tritt, J. Spieldoch, E. C. Benson, F. R. Woelfle, Mrs. P. T. Chapman and Mrs. 0. R. Morgan; Campaign committee, J. A. Spieldoch, H. V. Carter, J. E. Cunningham, Mrs. P. T. Chapman; Mr. J. E. Cunningham was elected secretary and the following committees were appointed August 14, 1917: Military Relief: Hon. P. T. Chapman, Dr. T. E. McCall, H. M. Jackson, Charles J. Huffman, H. A. Spann, J. E. Cunningham, and T E. Boyt; Civil Relief, T. C. Penrod, C. M. Pickens, I. H. Hook, W. H. Gilliam, F. R. Woelfle, Mesdames W. E. Beal, T. E. McCall; Auditing: E. F. Throgmorton, W. T. Jobe, Miss Lava Ridenhower; Nominating Committee: H. V. Carter, Dr. R. A. McCall, and C. M. Dorris; Committee on supplies: Mesdames P. T. Chapman, Delia Parker, T. E. McCall, Alice Beal and D. W. Whittenberg.

August 14, 1917, meeting for annual election held at the court house, the following were elected as trustees of the Johnson County Red Cross Chapter: Goreville, Mrs. Henry Terry, 2 years, Miss Lilly Foster, 2 years. Elvira : Dr. C. D. Nobles, 1 year, Mrs. Eva Kuykendall, 1 year. Cypress : Mrs. Nellie Wolf, 2 years, Mrs. P. S. Smith, 3 years. Belknap : Mrs. W. N. Gibbons, 3 years, Mrs. Sadie West 2 years, Mrs. Chas. Marshall, 1 year. New Burnside: Mrs. A. Williams 1 year, Ray Lawrence, 2 years. Grantsburg: J. T. Wor-

November 20, 1918 the Board of Directors of Johnson County Red Cross elected the following officers : Rev. C. S. Tritt, Chairman; Mrs. Delia Parker, Vice; T. E. Boyt, Treasurer J. E. Cunningham, Secretary, Mrs. P. T. Chapman, Mrs. Mary Walker and J. Spieldoch, Executive Committee.

The Johnson County Red Cross fell a little short of its quota, 2,149, the membership reaching about 2,000. Those who did work, worked with a willingness unsurpassed in any section of this broad land of ours. The Chapter, including all the branches, sent in 8,000 articles, including

Belknap Branch was organized July 13, 1917, with Mrs. 0. P. Martin, Chairman; Mrs. Emma Gibbons, Vice; Miss Prudence Anderson Secretary, Mrs. Bertha Martain, Treasurer, Goreville Branch August 5, 1917, with John J. Reed as Chairman, Mrs. Delia Calhoun, Vice, Louise Calhoun, Treasurer, Lily D. Montgomery, Secretary. New Burnside Branch was organized November 22, 1917, with W. A. Williams, Chairman, J. M. Howerton, Vice, H. C. Laborn, Secretary, Ray Lawrence Treasurer. This branch had 356 members, by January 1918. Cypress Branch was organized November 22, 1918. Mrs. Ellen Jones, Chairman, Mrs. Cora Casper, Vice, Mrs. Nannie Rose, Treasurer and Mrs. H. T. Evers, Secretary. Ozark organized May 6, 1918, E. R. Steagall, Chairman, L. M. Smith Vice. H. A. Cox, Secretary J. T. Moore, Treasurer, Reevesville, February 11, 1918, S. E. Cummins, Chairman, Frank Marberry, Vice, C. C. Whitworth, Secretary, Henry Moore, Treasurer. Buncombe Branch organized February 17, 1918, Hattie Nobles Chairman, Ettie Mathis, Vice, L. Hoover Secretary, Eva Kuykendall, Treasurer. Grantsburg Branch was organized May 1, 1918, Louis Trovillion, Chairman, John Griffin, Vice, Mrs. Modglin, Treasurer, Phylis Allard, Secretary. Grantsburg Branch, Nunmber 2, organized the same date as Reeseville, Simpson Branch was organized June 21, 1918, James A. Whiteside, Chairman, Mrs. Nellie Morris, Secretary, S. B. Morris Treasurer. Route 2 organized with 23 members, Mrs. Ada Elliot, Chairman, Mrs. Cora Able, Vice, Miss Lily Chitty, Secretary, Mrs. Effie Johns, Treasurer. West Vienna organized June 20, 1918, John Racy, Chairman, Essie Horsely, Vice, 0. Newton, Secretary, H. A. Brown, Treasurer.

May 3, 1918, the membership committees appointed for Vianna Chapter were as follows: Ward 1, Mrs. Mattie Cantwell, Ward 2, Mrs. J. B. Hankins, Ward 3, W. E. Beal, E. C. Benson resigned as Treasurer to enlist in the army, December 26, 1917, and T. E. Boyt was elected to fill the vacancy. Miss Emma Rebman was appointed County Chairman of Junior Red Cross. July 18, 1917 was Red Cross day for Vienna Chapter for soliciting members. Committee Isaac Hook, Captain of team for ward 1, J. E. Cun-

June 9, 1918 was set apart for a patriotic day at Vienna a flag pole was set and a large flag raised. Many participated in the parade with decorated automobiles, wagons and buggies ; the school children and members of the Red Cross carrying flags formed in two sections. There were also some good addresses. The Vienna Red Cross Chapter provided every soldier that left with the draft contingencies with a comfort kit, towel, soap, housewife completely furnished, till the order came from headquarters not to give out any more comfort kits but they continued to furnish the other articles. The Red Cross work rooms were first established in the Carniege Library of Vienna, but were later moved to a room on Fifth Street near the center of town.

Mrs. Lucus Parker was county chairman for the Woman's Council of National Defense, Vice-Chairman, Mr. W. G. Jackson; Secretary and Treasurer, Miss Cornelia Smith. Chairman of Departments - Conservation, Mrs. W. H. Gillian; Child Welfare, Mrs. Maggie Hill; Courses of Instruction, Mrs. Ruth Chapman; Food Production, Mrs. John Brown ; Information, Mrs. W. Y. Smith ; Liberty Loan, Mrs. F. R. Wolfle; Publicity, Miss Wilma Harris; Registration, Miss Arline Smith.

Chapman, Chairman; Hon. W. A. Spann, Chairman of the committee of one hundred, quota $94,450. The amount was subscribed by one hundred and sixty -three people. The fourth Liberty Loan, P. T. Chapman, Chairman. Quota $190,000, raised $199,400. The fifth Liberty Loan, P. T. Chapman, Chairman. Quota $135,000, raised $148,100.

Johnson County Y. M. C. A. drive was organized November 7, 1917. Lucas Parker was elected Chairman, W. H. Gilliam, Secretary. Members of the Executive Board were F. R. Woelfle, J. Spieldoch, Dr. R A. McCall, Charles A. Huffman, E. F. Throgmorton, of Vienna; Goreville, John Grisham, Chas. Calhoun, Thomas Bradley; Elvira, S. F. Elkins, Calvin Mathis, W. B. McGinnis ; Cache, John Bradley, J. C. Carter, Dr. P. W. Rose ; Belknap ; Mrs. O. P. Martin, W. H. Gibbons, O. M. Fraim; Tunnel Hill, Mrs. Guy Beauman, Mrs. D. M. Cover, John M. McCuan; Bloomfield, J. S. Plater, T. C. Taylor, Geo. W. Mathis; Vienna, J. M. Brown, W. N. McCorcle, Lee Bridges; Burnside, Fred Heaton, H. C. Laybourn, John Howerton ; Simpson, James Whiteside, Fred Veach, Delbert Kerley ; Ozark, Harvey Cox. John W. Rushing, George Murphy ; Grantsburg, Chas. Modglin, Ezra Trovillion, John L. Grifin; Ganntown, George Cummins, W. A. Robins, John L. Marberry. The amount allotted to Johnson County for Y. M. C. A. was $2,000 and was oversubscribed $1,000.

Johnson County quota for the United War Workers Campaign was $7,500. Lucas Parker was county Chairman, Chas. J. Huffman, Secretary. The committees for the different townships were as follows: Goreville, W. H. Martin, J. J. Lily, J. L. Thornton, W. P. Gore, Henry

Federal Fuel Administrator for the county was J. Spielcoch, assistants, Thomas A. Bradley, and Dr. H. W. Walker; Federal Food Administrator for the county, P. T. Chapman; Deputies, Vienna, W. N. McCorcle, Grantsburg No. 2, C. C. Whitworth. Grantsburg No. 1, Ray Allard; Belknap, Joseph Crawford ; Cypress, Ray Carter ; Buncombe, Chas. Hunsaker; Goreville, W. H. Martin; Tunnel Hill, E. W. Sutton; New Burnisde, T. S. Ballance; Ozark, R. F. Taylor; Blomfield, Geo. Mathis; Simpson, W. J. Murrie.

It is only just, to at least mention the willingness with which the citizens of our town as well as those of the county, entered into the world war work. It is safe to say no other community excelled this one in work and contributions taking into consideration our number and financial resources. During the epidemic of the Spanish Influenza (winter of 1918-19) the situation became so desperate we were obliged to improvise a hospital in the Carnegie Library under the supervision of Reverend C. S. Tritt, Pastor of the M. E. Church and Chairman of the Red Cross. Nine patients were cared for here and only one was lost. This scourge took some of our best young business men as well as many older people. Among those who rendered invaluable service during this time of stress were Miss Beulah Walker of this county and Miss Lola Stevers, of Grand Chain, 111. The citizens neglected nothing which would help in caring for those afflicted with this dread disease.

World War Incidents

Twelve men enlisted from Belknap before the registration in the county occurred. They were Rider Harris, Rodney: N. Tate, Ralph D. Peeler, W. H. Payne, Harry, Griffith, William West, James C. Anderson, Newman Russell, Jesse McCorcle, C. J. Russell, Walter Martin, Guy Casper.

Total registration in county for service in the World War at the first registration, May 5, 1917, was 1,001. By June, 1918, 121 more had reached the draft age. September 1918, the number of men registering between the ages of 18 and 45 years were 1,270, total registration 2,392. As some had entered the service before the registration this does not include all the men eligible from this county. The Registering Board of the county appointed by the Governor was H. A. Spann, John L. Veach, and Dr. H. W. Walker. The clerk for this board was E. F. Throgmorton. The registrars for the county appointed by the Sheriff were Regent A. D. Stanley; Goreville, Ebert Thulen; Cache, Dr. F. S. Smith Belknap, W. H. Gibbons; Tunnel Hill, S. H. Taylor and William Fern; Blomfield, T. C. Taylor Vienna No. 1 H. V. Carter, Frank Huddleson ; Vienna No. 2. G. H. Bridges Lucas Parker; Burnside, J. M. Howerton; Ray Lawrence ; Ozark, J. R. Barker, Oscar Anderson ; Simpson J. A. Whiteside; Grantsburg No. 1 J. T. Wormack; Grantsburg, No. 2, J. D. Wormack. Advisory Board for registrants 0. R. Morgan, C. J. Huffman, J. O. Cowan.

One was sent to Vienna, April 19, 1918. It contained disabled aeroplanes, guns and various other implements of war captured from the Germans. Some returned soldiers made talks and it was altogether a very interesting incident for our little inland city. Hundreds of people came to see it from the surrounding country. Mr. and Mrs. J. Spieldoch presented a service flag to the Royal Arch Masonic Lodge No. 150, March 1918, on which were four stars in honor of Herman Frizzell, Ward and Ralph Chapman, Eugene C. Benson, members of the Chapter. Congressman T. S. Williams presented Mrs. Mary E. Chapman with a service flag on which were thirteen stars, in honor of her thirteen grandsons, soldiers of the World War, seven of whom served in France. Mr. and Mrs. Harris living east of town had three sons Clyde, Melvin, and Herman in World War service. Mrs. Woods, colored, of Vienna, also had three sons, Richard, Marvin and Lum. Pickens, who did their bit in the World War.

The news reached Vienna shortly after four oclock A. M. November 11, that the armistice between the Entente and Germany had been signed. The bells began to ring, whistles to blow, and fire arms to boom ! boom ! ! In fact, they made a noise with any and everything that came handy. Among the first ones to start out to spread the news were George and John Gray. They soon picked up Prof. Jobe in their car and instead of Sheridan's ride it was the Grays and Jobe heralding the welcome news that war had ceased. Soon the streets were filled with people of the town and surounding country, all eager to satisfy themselves, that the news was true. Some expressed joy in one way, and some in another, but there could be no doubt that every soul was glad and every heart beat high with joy. Uncle Mark Hankins appeared on the scene with his flag and old army shotgun which had been captured from the Rebels in the '60s. He started out, others soon fell in and a parade was formed around the square. A figure of the Kaiser had been prepared and was drawn up on the flag pole. When the procession reached this point, at command, they shot the Kaiser full of holes, when he fell they used their swords on him and he was then placed in the hearse and carted off. The celebration was kept up most of the day. In the afternoon there were addresses made by Judge Lewis of Harrisburg and J. F. Craig of this county. C. J.

Questionaires were sent to Mrs. Geo. Mathis of Bloomfield, Mrs. Bertha Martin of Belknap, J. B. Hudgens, of Goreville, H. C. Layborn of Burnside, Miss Laura Mount of Simpson, Mrs. P. W. Rose, of Cypress, after her death to Mrs. Geo. Mo'ak, Mrs. Campbell Allard, Grantsburg, Mrs. Nora Gilliam, Tunnel Hill, Miss Lava Ridenhower, Vienna, Calvin Mathis, Buncombe asking them to get the soldiers of each township to fill out the papers so that there could be a complete record of every man that went from Johnson County into the World War. They were not able to secure all the data requested, consequently, only the names are given which have been collected as carefully as possible. If any name has been omitted it is because no information could be obtained. The following is a copy of the questionaire: Name; Place and date of birth; Name of parents: Rank; Assignment; Place of training; Date and time over seas if any ; Wounded or killed, and what battle ; Decoration if any ; For what service ; Picture if possible.

The following is a list of soldiers who were killed or died during the war : James E. Cummins, son of J. C. and Alice Cummins, was born near Bloomfield, 111., March 25, 1885. He enlisted in the United States Army, June 25, 1918. He was first sent to Ft. Logan, Colorado, transferred from there to Camp Joseph E. Johnson, Fla. He belonged to the 28th Company, 2nd Officers Training Regiment, died October 11, 1918. Was buried at Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, this county, October 17, 1918.

Lieutenant Herschel C. Tritt, son of Claud S. and Mary Tritt, was born at Newton, 111., March 23, 1896. He enlisted in the United States Army, January 11, 1917. Sailed for overseas duty August, 1917. He received his training at Ft. Totten, New York and Saumeur, France. He took part in the battles of Chateau Thierry, and the Second Battle of the Marne. He was killed in action at Cherry Chattrereuv, France, August 19, 1918. He was 2nd Lieut, of Battery B. 306 Field Artillery.

Lieut. Lindorf R. Kerley, was the son of Dr. T. B. and Mary E. Kerley. He was born at Simpson, 111., January 27, 1889. He served as 1st Lieut, in 119 Field Artillery with the A. E. F. Was killed in a railroad accident near Orleans, France, December 5, 1918. He was buried in Fraternal Cemetery, Vienna, 111., January 21, 1921.

Harvey, Gold, son of C. B. and Mary Gold, was born near Goreville. He belonged to Co. C. 314 Field Signal Battalion. Was wounded at Haumont, France, the day the armistice was signed, November 11, 1918. Died five days later.

Ray E. Nipper, son of M. V. and Effie Nipper, was born at Regent, Johnson County, 111., March 2, 1892. Enlisted in the U. S. Army, April, 1917. Went overseas April, 1918. Died of pneumonia, at Toul, France, November 26, 1918. He belonged to Head Quarters Company, 77th Division.

Chester S. Jobe, son of John and Armina Jobe, was born at Tunnel Hill, 111., September 3, 1895. Enlisted February 22, 1918. Was sent to Camp Taylor, Ky., where he remained about two weeks, when he was sent overseas. He was wounded in action September 29, and died October 30, 1918. He was buried in St Sever Cemetery, near Rouen, France. His body was sent home and buried at Reynoldsburg, 1921. He was a private in 119th Infantry A. E. F.

George R. Murphy, was born near Glendale, February 23, 1894. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Cassia Murphy. He enlisted in U. S. Army, May, 1917, going to Jefferson Barracks, Mo. He was transferred from there to El Paso, Texas, then to New York City, from which he sailed, June 17, 1917, with Pershing's Troops, possibly the first Johnson County son to go overseas. He was a Corporal in Headquarters Company, 15th Infantry, 4th Div. A. E. F. He was wounded in action October 11, 1918. After two months in a French hospital, he was transferred to a New York hospital where he died, February, 1919. The body was brought to Simpson, for interment.

Harry Sullins, son of Lincoln and Elizabeth (Brooks) Sullins, was born at Ozark, 111., April 3, 1894. Enlisted May 25, 1918. He was a private in Co. G 58 Infantry, 4th Div. He trained at Camp Gordon, Ga. Went overseas July

18, 1918. Participated in the battles of St. Mihiel, and Argon Forest. Was wounded in action October, 1918. Died October 28, 1918. His body was sent home.

Curtis Grissom, son of W. M. and Nettie (Farris) Grissom, was born in this county, January 30, 1895. He trained at Mare Island and Quantico, Va. He was a private in the fifth Marines, 2nd Div. Was killed October 4, 1918 at Mount Blanc, Ridge.

World War Conditions

The experiences of the World War have been sad ones for the people of the United States. It took the flower of our manhood, physically speaking, and if they were not killed they were injured mentally, morally or physically. The declaration of this war came very unexpectedly, almost as much so as a peal of thunder out of a clear sky. Many soldiers went into this war half -heartily and they could not be blamed. It was a trying ordeal to take a man from a peaceful pleasant home, a lucrative position or business and send him across the sea to fight with and for people he did not know. True it was for a principle which was right and circumstances came about which justified it. Many in this county as elsewhere, volunteered, but this was decidely a draft war. In most cases those who had positions when they entered the service, found them waiting for them on their return, but there seemed to be a restlessness and discontent among them that has barely passed away in five years. One thing is certain, those who served on the other side are not free to talk of their experiences. The prevaling idea, was, that war would cease in Europe after the treaty of Versailles. There is still turmoil, strife and hatred. At a glance; it looks as though, those who filled graves in France, and those who will finish lives maimed and disabled, have suffered and died in vain. There may come a better day from all this sacrifice, but it has certainly not dawned as yet.

15th Contingent, July 30, 1918 To Syracuse, N. Y. Shawmeker, Everett, Vienna Hunter, Doc A., Vienna Reeves, Geo. W., Reevesville Brancecum, Chas. A., Bloomfield Graig, Wm., Goreville

Volunteers Of World War Election Districts

The July court of 1827, laid off the county into what was called election districts. The boundaries were to be about the same as the militia company boundaries were at that time. The first district was the same as Captain Andrew Morton's Co. Captain Barnabus Smith's with a section of Morton's formed the second district. Captain Wm. Simpson's Company made the third district and the fourth was that part of Captain Harvick's Company, lying north of the ponds and including Vienna, and that part of his company lying south of said ponds formed the fifth district. In 1826, that part of the county lying between the ponds and the Ohio River had been made a separate precinct, known as Massac, and the election was ordered held at William Parker's for that year. At this time the section of Morton's Company lying west of Big Bay was added to Barnabus Smith's Company to form the second district. In 1827 the place for the election for the fifth district was to be held at Moses Cochran's on the Ohio River. The other elections were held at the places appointed for the militia muster.

Political Situation Before The Civil War

Sympathy in this county before the Civil War was very much in favor of the Southern cause. Most of the residents were Democrats, the others Whigs, as the Republican Party had just been born. The following is an account of the first Republican Convention held in Johnson County :

First Republican Convention

The proceedings of the first Republican Convention held in Johnson County was published first in the Johnson County Inquirer, April 6, 1860 and was republished in "The Johnson County Journal, 1883, as follows : The Republicans of Johnson County, assembled in convention March 31 1860, at the court house in Vienna, for the purpose of appointing delegates to the state convention, with a respectable and enthusiastic attendance. The house being called to order, motion was made that T. D. Scott act as chairman, A. Mather as secretary. Motion was then made that the chairman appoint a committee to draft resolution expressing the sense of the convention. Messrs H. M. Ridenhower, Sr., W. T. Whitemore and G. A. Stanton were ap- pointed said committee. Motion was then made that G. W. Terrell address the convention; which he did setting forth the principles of the party in their true light in an able and eloquent manner, occupying about one and one half hours. The resolutions were then brought in by the committee for adoption which were as follows : "the Republicans of Johnson County, in convention assembled, who are opposed to the policy of the present administration, to the extention of slavery into territory now free, to the agitation of the slave question in favor of equal rights and of Union of these states and of restoring the Republic to the principles of Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Clay, do Resolve that we affirm our adherence to the Philadelphia platform as embodying the true principles of the Republican party. Resolved that we have no sympathy whatever with Abolitionists, that the Harper's Ferry raid was an exhibition of the most reckless madness; and that the prepetrators received their richly merited reward, and that the disunion sentiment so frequently avowed of late in Congress is the basest of treason. Resolved, that believing with Jefferson that the negro and white races equally free cannot live in the same government, we cordially and heartily support all efforts at colonization of free negroes and that with a host of able Republicans, we hold it to be the duty of Congress to purchase new or contiguous territory and to remove all free blacks thereto : Resolved that we cordially indorse the course of the Hon. G. Grow and other eminent Republicans vigorously urging upon Congress the necessity of granting every actual settler 160 acres of the public domain : Resolved, that the course of Lyman Trumbull, our senator meets our approval/' The aforesaid resolutions were adopted by the convention. Motion was then made to appoint delegates to the state convention. H. M. Ridenhower, J. W. Terrel and A. W. McGee were appointed. J. W. Terrell made a motion that in case there was but one present at the State convention, that he be permitted to cast the vote for all, which was adopted. W. T. Whitemore moved a vote of thanks be tendered Mr. Terrell for entertaining the convention which motion was adopted : after which the motion was made to adjourn. A. A. Mather Secretary. "

The following is an extract from an account given in the same paper and dated from "Hell's Neck," an appellation given a section of the county directly west of Vienna and supposed to be a rough neighborhood. The writer says, referring to the convention : "On last Saturday there was an immense gathering of the "wool' (Oh, dear, what a mistake I have made) woolly heads is what I intended. Early in the morning the roads and streets leading to the court house were dotted with the numbers that wanted to say and hear said all things that pertain to the advancement of the niggers and the killing of S. A. Douglas. About one o'clock Mr. Kirkham was requested to inform the public that the convention was going to convene, which he did after this style ; Oh, yes, all you that want to hear a black Republican speech and a few lies told on the Democratic party, come up. After a little delay, until the wool settled, the meeting was called to order by Mr. Ridenhower of the woolly headed central committee. He then refers to the appointment of permanent officers and committees and discusses Terrell's speech as follows : "Mr. Terrell went on at some length to illuminate the house with one of his odiferous batches of black wool, which has been soaking in grease for about two years according to his admission. He told the good brethern that he had been insulted before his back and behind his face by being called a "damned" Black Republican and abolitionist," but that he was glad, yes exceedingly glad that the time had come that he was not ashamed nor afraid to tell to all the world and his nine black Republican brethern that he was down on Douglas like a darkey on a roasted possum. He went on to say that Washington, Jefferson and Monroe were all advocates of the same doctrine that the black Republicans are at the present day and that Douglas instead of being a friend to his country was only assisting with all his mind and power to dissolve the union or at least that was the substance of his remarks. After demolishing Douglas he gave us a touch of the "Homestead Bill' and wanted Congress to give all the black Republicans of the north a home in the west, forgetting the injustice that it would be doing the hardy pioneer who had subdued these wilds and paid his money for a homestead, but he wants Congress to send a lot of negro worshippers among them to contaminate their good morals with negro equality. Does not any man with half an eye see the drift of the Homestead Bill as gotten up by the northern negro worshippers?" The writer of the article then rails against the Homestead bill and goes on to say" Mr. Terrell charges all the blood shed in Kansas to Douglas and all the things that have happened in the last ten years to the Democrats and on whose head grows the longest wool. He then sat down amid shouts of applause that could be heard in the remotest corners of the court house. The committee then rose up from behind a bench and presented some kind of a "revelation" which was adopted. There was something in it about one living Bumble Bull or Tumble Bull, I don't know which, but they indorsed his course at Washington. They found no good in Abraham's bosom, so they let him slide. The convention then proceeded to select delegates to the great wool gathering at Decatur. He said that the ones selected had more wool on them than any of the nine brethern present, Signed D. S. N.

John C. Freemont was the first presidential candidate on the Republican platform of 1856, which was avowedly against the spreading of slavery. It is said there were only two men in Johnson County who voted for Freemont in 1856, Merida Spencer and H. M. Ridenhower, Sr. It was considered a dreadful disgrace in those days, almost a crime to be a Republican. They were called Black Abolitionists, Negro Lovers and other Names. A black sheep skin was nailed on the door of John Bain's Store after the election to show how his neighbors regarded a man that would in any way be against the extension of slavery and apparently for the black race. It was almost natural for the people of this county to favor slavery, and sympathize with the South. When one remembers most of the old settlers came from the Southern states and had been raised with slavery. By 1860, the lines began to be very taut. There were more Republicans by then and official returns of the presidential election given in the Chicago Tribune of November 14, 1860 show Johnson County, Illinois gave Abraham Lincoln forty votes, and Stephen A. Douglas one thousand five hundred and sixty-three. The following names have been given as the men who cast their vote for Lincoln : John Bain, Griffith Stanton, Charles Reed, Zack Calhoun, George Calhoun, Stith M. Warren, H. M. Ridenhowe, Sr., William Wood, Randolph Casey, L. L. Madden, W. T. Whitemore, Sr., John Whitemore, William Whitemore, Jr., Mills, a son-in-law to Whitemore, H. B. Wiley, Thomas

D. Scott, Rev. 0. H. Clark, A. A. Mather, Rev. Levi Walker, A. J. Henry, Henry Lawrence, a Mr. Hays, William Finley, Thornton Mozley, Ira N. Harrell, James Shelton, Walter Scott, John E. Smith, a Mr. Coleman, Judge Brills, Mark Bain, Robert and William Lewis, J. W. Terrell, A. W. Mc- Gee, Robert Lewis, Jr., Nelson Martin, H. G. Harpending, William Jones.

Sparks in his Illinois historcial collections gives an extract from the "Chicago Press and Tribune," September 17, 1858, referring to the Lincoln and Doublas debate at Jonesboro, September, 1858, says "Until ten o'clock on Wednesday the only evidence of the third great debate in old Jonesboro was a procession calling itself "The Johnson County Delegation," consisting of two yoke of steers and a banner inscribed Stephen A. Douglas, turned upside down." Several circumstances have been given by old people of tho county, which will show the trent of opinion of the people of that time. H. M. Ridenhower, Sr., and D. C. Chapman voted at the same place, Goreville. As Chapman was going to the polls he met Ridenhower coming from there, and ask him if he had voted. Ridenhower said no, "They would not let me." Chapman asked him if he wanted to vote and he said he did. Chapman told him to return and he would see that he was allowed to vote. He told the parties they did not dare to prohibit a man from voting on account of his political opinion. Ridenhower voted for Lincoln. This story was given by Captain Mark Whiteaker, now ninetytwo years old.

Another story told by Captain Gillespie was, that Rev. Levi Walker, who was the M. E. Minister in charge of the Vienna circuit at that time voted for Lincoln and his church members refused to pay him for that reason. He was obliged to do manual labor to support his family during the remainder of his pastorate. Mrs. Eliza Dwyer now in her ninety-fourth year in speaking of these days says that Griffith Stanton cast his vote for Lincoln in Vienna and the people ran him out of town. He went in such a hurry that he left his hat.

Mrs. Jane Pearce, widow of Garner Pearce, who lived near Buncombe at the time of the Civil War, says that H. G. Harpending a neighbor of hers voted for Lincoln in 1860. She also says there were a great many men who were in sympathy with Lincoln and his platform, but did not have courage to vote their convictions, since the plan of voting in those days was quite different from the present. Each voter anounced to the judges of the election for whom he was voting, all bystanders" within hearing knew just how every man voted. She further relates, the following: "John N. Mozley who lived at old Elvira brought the news from Vienna to Mrs. Pearce's neighborhood, that Ft. Sumpter had been fired upon. Mozley left Vienna early in the morning and reached their place about eleven o'clock. " These must have been strenuous times and this news must have fallen like a pall over this broad land of ours. How much more quickly the World War news was circulated and now 1924, it would be known as quickly as the sound could travel from Washington. The news of Ex-President Wilson's death was known here about five minutes after his death occurred.

The Knights of the Golden Circle were very plentiful in our county. They were a secret organization sympathizing with the south and sometimes owing to the character of the men belonging, did shameful and in many cases criminal acts, to the families of the Union soldiers. Captain Whiteaker speaking of the Knights of the Golden Circle said there were only five men in his neighborhood in 1861 and 1862 that did not belongs to this society. These were Oliver Newbold, John Slack, Anderson Howerton, Ira Wise. and himself. They threatened^ hang him, but went no further than to call at his house late at night asking for tobacco and pretending to be hunting a calf. He finally told them to leave and if they ever came to his home again some of them would stay all night, interspersing his remarks with a good many unmentionable terms. Later he was raising a company for the Union Army and accidently ran into a meeting of the K. G. C, at the school house. He went in, took the floor, made a speech and secured several volunteers from the crowd. There was a secret organization in the county to offset K. G. Cs. known as the Union League. William Whitemore was the founder and leader in this county. He lived where Cypress is now located and meetings were held at his home. Captain Whiteaker was a member. It is said Governor Yates sent for Mr. Whitemore and asked him to organize lodges of the Union League in this and other states, which he did.

Lincoln Green Post Office in the West Eden neighborhood. C. N. Gray came to the West Eden neighborhood, from Kentucky. He had some wealth and owned a lumber mill between what is now Belknap and Cypress. He kept the post office and it was called Gray's Mill. During the war, he showed such decided favor to the South and its cause, that he became unpopular. Now that so many had sons and neighbors in the Union Army, sentiment had radically changed. To show their contempt for Gray the citizens had the name of the post office changed to Lincoln Green and moved to the home of David Deans, Sr.

Mrs. O. P. Martin of Belknap, remembers a story that was told of war days in that neighborhood of a Dr. Clark who had come to that community from the south with his southern sentiments. He was so bold as to paint a copperhead snake on his door or was so outspoken in his belief and loyalty to the South that some one else painted it. At any rate the picture did not long remain as the house was burned within a few days by unknown parties. A person living in this section who sympathized with and aided the south ern cause was called a Copperhead. Most people know the nature of a copperhead snake and can easily discern the opinion of those applying the name.

Aunt Eliza Dwyer also gave as well as she could remember an incident at a meeting in Vienna about 1861. Hon. A. J. Kuykendall, who was serving in the state Senate from this district as a Democrat, saw whither our nation was drifting and wished to define his policies. He was to speak at this meeting; great crowds had gathered as these were exciting times. There was a large flag which had been made by the women of the town, Mrs. Moody, the editor's wife, Mrs. Dwyer and others. This flag was suspended from a rope which extended from Chapman's brick to the court house across the north side of the square. A man by the name of James Cooper ran his horse up the square and shot a hole in the flag. What would happen to a man that would do such a thing in Vienna at the present time. After Kuykendall had made his speech, Cooper was convinced of the right and was the first one to enlist in the Union army the following morning. But sentiment was still against Mr. Kuykendall in many sections and not all won over in his own town and county. There were no railroads here at that time and people had to drive to Dongola to get the Illinois Central. Mr. Kuykendall was to return to his duties at Springfield. The news was circulated that they were going to mob him on the road to Dongola; his wife hastily dressed and went with him, thinking there would be no violence in the presence of a woman. Captain J. B. Gillespie was a witness to the following incident. During the time Major Kuykendall was serving in the Senate, on one of his trips home, he came down all ready to return to his work at Springfield. He was met at the corner of west main and fifth street by a crowd of the representative citizens of the town. They asked him what he was going to do when he went back to Springfield he replied, "I am going to vote money and men to put down this damned rebellion." Mr. Gillespie said, "I turned away for I thought they were going to disembowel him and I did not want to see it.,,

The following incident was given by Mrs. Mary Snow, daughter of H. M. Ridenhower, Sr. In the fall of 1860, she said masked men came to her father's house, called him out and were going to hang him because he was outspoken for the Union cause, an abolitionist, a teetotler and had voted for Lincoln; (sufficient cause for hanging in those days.) Mrs. Snow was told when she was older the reason they did not hang her father was, that he was a Mason.

In a speech before the Historical Society of Illinois in 1911 Bluford Wilson said "There were 3,538 drafted men from Illinois in the Civil War, but not one from Southern Illinois, which means there were 1,426 volunteers from this county (this number was quoted from Lusk.) Many were anxious to get into the fray and went to other states and enlisted. In 1862 the soldiers who had enlisted in the 120th regiment were camped for some time in the old fair grounds awaiting orders. When the orders came and the day of leaving was fixed it was said to be a most pathetic scene. The people came from this and neighboring counties to say goodbye and see them leave. Many of the people seeing their husbands, sons and fathers for the last time. A lady, now seventy years old, says she remembers the day, how early the people came in and how depressing it was to her, then a child.

Political Situation After The Civil War

POLITICAL SITUATION AFTER THE CIVIL WAR After the surrender of Lee, the men who had left their homes from this country and gone out at their country's call, returned and took up the duties of life where they had laid them down. Of course, many of them were depleted in health which they never regained. Many young men who had entered the war at an early age had never been out of the county before, and while they had encountered hardships, they had been over a great deal of territory and had met and mingled with eastern and southern men and ideas. It stirred an ambition in them that they had not had before. One soldier who had enlisted at the age of fifteen had been offered the Corporalcy of his company. He said he did not have sufficient education to keep the records required. He resolved then if he ever reached home alive he would have an education. He made good his resolution and was a teacher of this county for several years and an editor many more. While soldier life was rough and men of every kind of character marched and bunked together, there is something that brings out the best in some, and, of course, the worst in others. But they form a friendship that lasts through life and an army comrade is always a comrade, whether good or bad. Many men suffer hardships in prison and services and incurred diseases they were years overcoming; some never entirely recovered.

Many families had lost father, son, husband, brother or sweetheart, some had been killed, others suffered and died in rebel prisons, and the feeling was very bitter towards Secessionists or any one who sympathized with them. Most of the returned soldiers were Republicans regardless of what their party affiliations had been before, and while a democrat was not necessarily a rebel prejudice and bitter feeling ran high. A Copperhead was a Northern man who sympathized with and aided the south during the war, and this name was applied to many in this county, and it cannot be denied in some cases justly.

Elections were places of contention, and sometimes almost miniature war occured at the polls espicially if there had been enough liquor distributed.

Men were not willing to have a man of opposite political belief on a jury where they were interested in the case; some would not even trade in a store if kept by one belonging to the other party. During the war there had been many refugees who had come into this county and adjoining ones of this section of the state, who were really rebels.

One old citizen said every available place in his part of the county was filled with Southerners, who had come here to escape service in the Southern Army or the ravages of war. Every available house was filled, and people lived in barns and rail pens. There were many loyal democrats in the county, many who served in the war, but for years it was difficult for some of the boys who wore the blue to distinguish between a loyal democrat and a man who had rebelled against his government, since they voted the same ticket. This condition prevaled for many years but time and education have finally eradicated this feeling in the North, and most of us are willing to admit that the war is over.

The period of financial readjustment was much as it has been since the World War. Necessities were higher than now in many cases. This being a country district crime did not reach the height it did in some communities. The negro problem annoyed us very little, owing to our having very few negro citizens among us. Many soldiers were disabled from exposure and wounds and unable to accomplish much in a financial way after the war, but the government soon began to look after them and their families who had been left without support. Pensions were allowed them and increased from time to time until with economy a man and wife could live on his pension. In 1898 there were three Civil War veterans, William Coleman, Burnside ; Wm. Hitchcock, Vienna and Mr. McBride, Belknap, who drew $72.00 per month pension. This was considered a liberal amount at that time, but most every man who served in the Civil War, receives $72.00 per month now and the widow of a Civil War soldier receives thirty dollars per month pension from the government.

A war fund was voted in this county for the relief of soldiers and sailors families, in 1862. The amount for each township, judging from the receipts given the sheriff, was $330.00. It was distributed during the years 1862-63-64. It was levied by the county court.

Legislative And Judicial

The first territorial legislature was held in Kaskaskia at the home of Thomas Cox, 1809. Johnson, being a part of Randolph County had no local representative but after

September 14th, 1812, when we had taken on the dignity of a name and an organization, we were allowed one representative, there being five counties in the Territory, at that time, St. Clair, Randolph, Madison, Gallatin, and Johnson. There were five senators, Thomas Furguson was elected to the senate, and John Grammer to the assembly from this county, on October 9th, 10th and 12th, 1812. The next Territorial Legislature met at Kaskaskia, November 25, 1812. The representatives serving in the state Legislature from this county from this date are given in the following list: 2nd and 3rd Legislature 1814-1815 Thomas Ferguson, Senate, Owen Evans, House; 4th Legislature, 1816, John Grammer, Senate, Joseph Palmer, House; 5th Legislature, 1817-18, John Grammer, Senate, Joseph Palmer, House; 1st State Legislature, 1818-20 Thomas Roberts, Senate, Isaac D. Wilcox House; 2nd Legislature, 1820-22 Milton Ladd, Senate, William McFatridge, House; 3rd Legislature, 1822-24, Milton Ladd, Senate, William McFatridge, House ; 4th Legislature, 1824-26. John Ewing Senate, John Bridges, House ; 5th Legislature, 1826-28, Johnson, Union, Alexander Counties, John Ewing, Senate, from Johnson; 6th Legislature, 1828-30 no representative from Johnson; 7th Legislature, 1830-32 John Grammer Senate, Joseph L. Priestly, House ; 8th Legislature 1832-34, John Grammer, Senate, B. S. Enloe, House; 9th Legislature 1834-36 John Oliver House; 10th Legislature, 1836-38 B. S. Enloe, House; 11th Legislature, 1838-40 Dr. W. J. Gibbs, Senate, James Copeland, House; 12th Legislature 1840-42 Senate Dr. W. J. Gibbs, John Oliver, House; 13th Legislature 1842-44 A. J. Kuykendall, House; 14th Legislature 1844-46, A. J. Kuykendall, House; 15th Legislature 1846-48 Enoch Enloe, House; 16th Legislature 1848-50 W. Y. Davis, Senate, D. Y. Bridges, Jr., House; 17th Legislature 1850-52 A. J. Kuykendall Senate; 18th Legislature 1852-54 A. J. Kuykendall, Senate, D. Y. Bridges, Jr. House, 19th Legislature 1854-56 A. J. Kuykendall, Senate; 20th Legislature 1856-58 A. J. Kuykendall Senate, Thomas Jones, House; 21st Legislature 1858-60 A. J. Kuykendall, Senate, J. D. Pulley, House; 22nd Legislature 1860-62 A. J. Kuykendall, Senate, J. D. Pulley, House; 23th Legislature 1862-64 no representative; 24th Legislature 1864-66 W. A. Looney, House; 25th Legislature 1866-68 no representative; 26th Legislature, 1868-70 no representative; 27th Legislature 1870-72 J. B. Morray, House; 28th Legislature 1872-74 J. L. Wymore, F. M. Mc-

Gee House; 29th Legislature, 1874-76 Samuel Glassford, Senate; 30th Legislature 1876-78 Samuel Glassford, Senate; 31st Legislature 1878-80 J. A. Carter, House, A. J. Kuykendall, Senate; 32nd Legislature 1880-82 W. A. Spann, House, A. J. Kuykendall, Senate; 33rd Legislature, 1882-84 no representative; 34th Legislature W. C. Allen, House; 35th Legislature 1884-86 A. K. Vickers, House ; 36th Legislature 1886-88 I. A. J. Parker, House; 37th through 41st Legislatures, 1888-1900, no representative in the House and P. T. Chapman, Senate; 42nd Legislature 1900-02 L. H. Frizzell, House, P. T. Chapman, Senate; 43rd and 44th Legislatures 1902-06, no representatives; 45th Legislature 1906-08 G. W. English, House; 46th Legislature 1908-10 G. W. English, House; 47th Legislature 1910-12 G. W. English, and John Mathis, House; 48th through 51st Legislatures 1912-20 no representatives; 52nd Legislature 1920-22 John Mathis, House.

In 1818 when the state was organized there were free white males of age, 118, other white inhabitants 538, free colored and slaves, 24, total 678. The superintendent of the census added 89 giving us a total population 768, which was rather a small population for a county of so large an area at that time. When the constitution was adopted Johnson and Franklin made one Senatorial district and each was allowed a representative. In 1826 Johnson with Union and Alexander as a Sentorial district was represented by Dr. B. W. Brooks, who was a resident of Union and the following is an extract from a speech made by him February, 17, 1827, giving an account of his stewardship as a representative, and this has reference to Johnson County. He says, "I have thought it my duty to use every exertion in my power to curtail the expense of the government; protect the treasury from those speculations that hitherto devoured it, and adopted a rigid system of economy." He then speaks of some reforms he had advocated which would save the state $2,700 a year, but his efforts failed and the assembly continued to vote appropriations for building bridges and making roads in certain sections of the state. He voted against all these measures as the state treasury was empty, "Finally thinking it unjust that our part of the state should be taxed to make improvements for the other parts, without any equivalent, I introduced a bill making an appropriation of $200 for opening a state road from Frankfort in Franklin County through Vienna, in Johnson, to Wilcox warehouse, on the Ohio River, and for building a permanent bridge across the pond (slough)" Dr. Brooks had also tried to get another representative for these counties as the three only had one representative, but it was opposed on the grounds that it could not be done till the next apportionment which would be in 1830.

In 1838 Johnson and Pope formed a Senatorial District. In 1840 Johnson was joined to Pope and Hardin. In 1848 under the new constitution Alexander, Union, Pulaski, Johnson, Massac, Pope, Hardin and Gallatin formed the first Senatorial District. This apportionment was changed when Alexander in 1854, was admitted to the 25th Senatoria District. In 1861 Pope, Hardin, Gallatin, Saline, Alexander, Pulaski, Massac, Union and Johnson formed a Senatorial District. In 1871 about the same combination formed the 51st Senatorial District. In 1893 Pulaski, Massac, Johnson, Pope and Saline made the 51st Senatorial District. In 1900 Hamilton, Saline, Pope, Johnson and Massac were made the 51st Senatorial District.

Johnson County has had but two Congressmen in all her years of existence, A. J, Kuykendall, who was elected in 1864 and P. T. Chapman, elected 1904. There was only one Congressional District in Illinois for fourteen years after it was admitted into the Union. In 1831 the state was divided into three Congressional Districts and Johnson County with fifteen other counties formed the 1st Congressional District. In 1843 Johnson County was placed in second Congressional District with thirteen others. It was changed to the 9th Congressional District with eighteen other counties in 1852. In 1860 we were in the thirteenth congressional district with fifteen other counties, and changed to different districts from time to time until 1900, when Johnson with Clay, Wayne, Edwards, White, Hamil-

Old Papers

After looking over the many old papers such as estates, receipts and notes, thinking they would be of interest to their descendants we have decided to use the following ; the names will show who the first settlers were. This is done at the risk of being tedious, but they are so interesting one cannot forego the opportunity to reproduce some of them. The oldest paper found is a receipt among the papers of William Lawrence which follows: "March 12, 1800, settled all accounts with James Worthington up to this day, due to said Worthington by settlement, eight dollars three shillings and ten pence. As witness my hand - John Musbond." Another article found among his papers that does not seem to be connected with his estate but evidently his property, was a small book made of writing paper, and inscribed on the first page, "William Lawrence, his hand and pen, March 27, 1803. " On the outside pages were quotations of a hymn and one of the psalms. The first pages of the book were devoted to retail liquor accounts. Judging from this, license issued and tax receipts, William Lawrence, was a distiller of this county. Then followed this account of his family. "A true account of the age of my family, William Lawrence, Senior was born December 27, 1770, Esther Worthington was born November 19, 1772 and were married November 12, 1793. Children: Elizabeth, born October 18, 1794; Phoebe, born October 19, 1796, Benjamin born September 19, 1798, William, Jr., January 2, 1801, John born March 4, 1803, Nancy born January 3, 1805, Calvin born May 9, 1807 Lucindy born March 1, 1809, Matilda born June 14, 1811, Polly born July 9, 1813." William Lawrence, Sr. administered on the estate of Samuel Worthington, and it is more than probable his wife Ester was the daughter of Samuel.

One of the largest and earliest estates recorded is that of Nathaniel Green. Green's old ferry located on the Mississippi River was the terminus of an old road that ran across the southern end of the state. It is very probable that this ferry was established by him or some of his family, which resided in the western part of Johnson County which is now Union.

The executors of the estate of Nathaniel Green were Thomas and Parish, brothers of the deceased and appointed by him, as his will (recorded elsewhere) directs. The personal property sale amounted to $1,573.95. Some articles offered for sale that are now out of the ordinary, were two piggins, 50c each, these were small wooden vessels made with staves and hoops, one stave was left longer than the other for a handle, and they were usually made of cedar of various sizes, used for the same purpose we use pans and crocks today; one flax wheel, which indicates that flax was raised in southern Illinois at that period, $2.30; one Bible bought $2.121/2 ; one pot, lid and hooks, $3.75, pot hooks are not now in use, but in those days when people cooked on the open fire they were very essential. These hooks were long pieces of iron, joined together at one end so that they would work freely. They had hooks on the other ends to lift lids, ovens and pots with out bales and handles. This sale shows one negro man named Richard, one negro woman Anna and child named Reuben, sold to Thomas Cox, for $770.00; to John Earthman, one negro boy named Charlie, $220.00. The account of Robert Tweedy for the year 1812 shows sixty pounds of beef for a dollar and a half; the account of John Earthman for the same year, 81 pounds of cotton $2.00. How wonderfully small these prices seem compared with those of 1917 : beef, 45c per pound and cotton, 48c per pound; an item also in John Earthman's account was two ferryings of himself and horse (referring to Nathanial Green) $1.25 each. Daniel T. Coleman made an affidavit before Joseph Palmer, J. P., that Nathanial Green "did sign to school to Daniel T. Coleman, on an article of the same date to commence on the first Monday in January, 1812, and assigned the 25th day of November, 1811. This was receipted by Daniel T. Coleman, 1814. The administrators furnished six gallons of whiskey for the sale at $1.50 gallon. George, James and Robert Tweedy were the appraisers of this estate and the sale was held on March 6, 1812. Thomas Abernathy and Benjamin N. Conner were the clerks. A later appraisment was made by Jacob Hunsaker, Robert Tweedy, and B. F. Conner. This property was all live stock which no doubt had been gathered later, as all stock ran at large and made their living on the range. The bond of Thomas and Parish Green was replaced at $2,000. John Bradshaw and Owen Evans were the bondsmen.

The estate of Bazil Borin was administered on by Hoseah Borin. James Hogan and Thomas Mcintosh were his security for a $2,000 bond, delivered James Finney, June 7th, 1813. The appraisers were John Bradly, Abraham Price. Total appraisment was $1,101.19. A feather bed is listed at $30.00, one side of leather, $1.00, the improvement, $40.00, Jerry, a negro boy at $300.00, Clarice, a girl, $200.00, Mariah a girl, $150.00, Fannie, a girl, $100. In the account rendered against the estate as administrator is the following: "For entering four young negroes as per receipt, $8.00, going to Tennessee to bring back three negroes belonging to the estate, $38.00, for a trip to Tennessee to examine witnesses agreeable to notice from John Bradshaw in the suit brought by me against him for Isabel a negro girl, $30.00." The amount of whiskey was only two dollars. Russel E. Heacock, was the attorney.

William Dorris presents an account of $125.00 dated April 14, 1802, a note of a little earlier date was made to Nimrod McTosh for $7.50, dated March 1802, signed Bazil Borin, Test. H. Johnson. The Borin family lived in the southern part of the county, now Pulaski. The Prices are also of that locality and descendants of both families still reside in that section.

The estate of Joseph Eubanks was adjusted in 1814, Sally Eubanks and William Styles administered and Isaac D. Wilcox and David Frame were their bondsmen. The articles offered at this sale were about the same as at other sales of that date. A receipt was signed by David Shearer, January 3, 1812.

There is an acknowledgement which shows this business was done in Massac Township, now county, Illinois Territory, Johnson County, "I certify that James D. Wilcox and William Cherry, being chosen to examine the estate of Joseph Eubanks deceased, was duly sworn to settle the estate according to the best of their skill and judgment, given under my hand and seal, 27th day of May, 1814, John Prichard, J. P." The amount of Sally Eubanks taxes on two horses for the years 1813-14, was $1.00 the receipt was signed by G. Marshall, D. S. The same, no doubt who took the oath against dueling. Among other papers is the following order, "Miss Eubanks, please to let Mr. Cochran have my bed and furniture, you will oblige, yours Irvin Morris, March 24, 1814." The following promissory note has no visible connection with Sally Eubanks' business but was found among her papers, "On or before the 20th day of October next I promise to pay Moses Oliver or order $17.08 for value received, Kaskaskia, 20th of August, 1805, William Wilson." A certificate of purchase, adds other evidence to the fact that this county bought and sold slaves. "I do certify that the negro girl named Anna was purchased by Isaac D. Wilcox at the sale of the property of Joseph Eubanks, deceased. She was bid off to him as highest bidder at $160.00, and said Wilcox has paid for her and is lawfully entitled to said negro and no other person. Given under my hand, one of the administrators, this 9th day of October, 1815, William Styles."

William Lawrence settled the estate of Samuel Worthington, 1814. Joseph Palmer and Gilbert were his securities. A letter in connection with this estate cites the method of business and the rate of interest of that time, and reads as follows, "To William Lawrence, Cache Settlement Illinois Territory, by Charles Bradly, Cape Girardeau, March 9, 1815, not until a few days since had I learned of the death of Samuel Worthington, and I understand that you are the administrator of his estate. I have a judgment against his estate in favor of Robert Hall, surviving partner of Waters and Hall, for $53.86, with interest from 17th of August, 1806 which is $27.47, Principal and interests makes $80.32. This amount I authorize Charles Bradly to receive from you as the administrator. I have also a judgment rendered against Samuel Worthington in the Mullenberg circuit court of Kentucky, for $50 with interest from the 24th of March, 1807, which is $24.00, which makes $74.00. The cost of said judgment is $25.28. The amount of said judgment 1 give you notice as administrator. Yours with respect, James Evans." Judging from the accounts of William Lawrence Sr., and Samuel Worthington they were formally residents of Kentucky.

The settlement of the estate of William Morris was a year later, and was in charge of Jane Morris, no doubt his widow. Irving Morris and Isaac Worley were her bondsmen. Judging from the names the location of his estate must have been at or near Elvira, our first county capital. George Smiley was one of the appraisers and Marvin Fuller was the J. P. Nancy Worthen took charge of her husband's estate whose name was James, May 3, 1815. Josiah Davis and Nathaniel Arnett were her securities. The personal property amounted to $1,000. John Byers was the J. P. that took the oath of the appraisers. There were a number of promissory notes, the following are the names of the signers given in order to record some more of the early families: Thomas and Hugh Lewis, Jesse Basco, William Worthen, Thomas Robard, James Swafford, Hezekiah Davis William Langly, Abraham and Ebeneezer Piott, Samuel and Jasper Butcher, Remembrance Davis, John M. Campbell, John Deason, Evan Thompson, Issac and W. E. Glen, W. Doty, Able Lee, George Creath, Drury Harrington, Isaac Garrett, Adam Fiffer, and Joseph Taylor. These notes were given for purchases at the sale. The following notice had been cut from a newspaper and was filed with the estate papers, "I will attend the proper court on the third Monday in July next at Vienna, Johnson County, Illinois, for the purpose of settling the estate of James Worthen, deceased. All who have demands against said estate will then and there present them, legally authenticated, Brownsville, June 7th, 1821, signed William Worthen, agent for Nancy Worthen Administratrix.

William Powell's estate was settled by his wife, Obedience, and was begun July 18, 1815. George and William Brazil with James Hawkins were her bondsmen. There were a few articles offered at this sale not already mentioned and which would be considered out of the ordinary at this time : one whiskey cock, to King Fisher at 30c ; also 1 to Squire Choat, 37V2C One sley was sold for 50c, which would be very cheap for a sleigh, if there was a big snow, but this was not that kind of a sleigh, this belonged to a loom and was used in weaving cloth. One broad ax was sold for $4.00. This is another tool not now in use in this county, since the timber for making hewed log houses has been cut and sawed into lumber to make frame ones, barns and fences.

The estate of Robert Smith belonged to Massac township, as the papers designate. The sale was held September 11, 1815. Thomas Larrison had the business in charge, and James N. Fox was his security. The same man, no doubt, whose militia company formed Massac township when this county was organized. Judging from the amount of whiskey furnished at this sale, it was not a very large one, only three and a half gallons were used. Dr. Holt was Robert Smith's physician and his bill was $6.92, which was pre- sented for settlement. The deceased's land and county tax for the year 1815 was $2.83. The tax rate was light compared to the present rate. Another account shows the redemption of a town lot in the town of Smithland, Kentucky. One Loom, three reels and harness for the loom sold for $6.00, one stew pot, $2.50, one Dutch oven, $1.50, eight pewter plates, $3.00, one cotton gin, 75c, two pairs of cotton cards, $3.00, candle molds, 37%c, more evidence of "made at home" goods. Judging by the articles offered, these people must have been very comfortably situated for a frontier family.

The papers filed in the case of Howell Harrington's estate, states that Esther Harrington, administered, T. Furguson and G. V. Lusk were the bondsmen, Robert Lacey and Wood Lampkin were the appraisers. There are Harringtons and descendants of the family living in Massac and this county at the present. Caleb Messer's estate was handled by his wife Delphia, Owen Evans and John Spann signed her bond, which was filed April 28, 1814.

William Peterson's estate was another one that came up for settlement in 1816. He resided in the southwestern part of the county in the neighborhood of West Eden, John Elkins and George Brazel were the appraisers ; Jane Peterson and Thomas Standard had charge of the estate. Thomas and John Peterson were the securities. This settlement was made in the courts held in Elvira and some other names connected with the business of this estate were, Hezekiah West, William Westbrooks, Isaac Beggs, Thomas Robertson, Rix Carter, and John Stokes. There are descendants of most all these men still living in this county. Two accounts in the adjustment of this estate are quite noticable, when compared with the H. C. L. of the present. One is "The estate of William Peterson debtor to John Deans, for schooling two children, three months, cash to Mclntire, $5.00; paid for board for the same time, $12.00: same estate debtor to John Dean for raising and clothing" two children, Joshua, four years old, at his fathers death, and Lydia, two years at the same time; Joshua six years till he was ten years old, $10.00 per year, $60.00; Lydia, eight years, until she was ten years old, at the same price, $80.00. No doubt, old gossips wagged their heads and said at the time, "John Dean is getting rich off of these orphan children."

An administrators bond is made out and marked "Lawrence administrator. The bond was dated June, 1816, but it was never signed or rilled out. There are some accounts and receipts that might be of interest. Received of John Lorenz (Lawrence) for Esther Lorenz, all dues and demands up to this date, Jonesboro, April 19, 1819. Jacob Hyberger." The next item of interest because it appears to refer to the Peter Prow, who was confined for debt in our county about that time and referred to elsewhere, "Madam, please pay to the bearer two dollars and twenty-five cents, and by so doing you will oblige yours and soforth, James Brown. It being the cost accrued on an execution levied by George Hunsaker on the goods of Peter Prow, and this shall be your receipt for the same, Esther Lawrence, Admr." Wm. Lawrence debtor to Priest & Menfee, $50 for medicine and attendance, April 27, 1816. An account of John Kirk for labor against the estate of William Lawrence, was sworn to before J. Echols, J. P. May, 1816. Another dated almost nine years earlier. August 7, 1807, to three picks and boring tools, $4.00 (could not decipher the name.) "January 20, 1806, Sir: Please pay unto William Lawrence, two dollars, and this my order shall be your receipt for the same, James Worthington, witness, John Shaver." "February 7, 1806, received of Samuel Worthington, two pounds, 19 shillings and 6 pence, debt and cost in full. The sale note of James Weir, by me Jesse Hurley, Constable for said county." Received of Samuel Worthington, 511 pounds of pork by Thomas Craig, for J. Weir, February 11, 1805. "Henderson, June 1, 1808, Received of William Lawrence, seven and six pence which is to stand against his account at Mullenberg for Will and Jay Bradford, John Russell." These towns were in Kentucky.

William McGowan died in 1816. Thomas Green was the administrator Silas Risley and Owen Evans were the bondsmen, a few articles out of the ordinary disposed of at the sale were, 1 bay mare and bell, $25.00; 4 patterns leather shoe uppers, $1.50; 1 curry comb, 25c; 1 pair leather breeches, 50c; 2 coats, 50c each; to B. Revell. pack saddle, 62i/>c; 1 pair specks, $1.62; pair saddle bags $2.78% ; 1 set of razors, 87c. A statement sworn to before John Weldon, a justice for Johnson County and witnessed by Hugh Erwin April 12, 1816 states that, "William McGown boarded with Mikel Revell from May 1, 1815, to November 7, at the rate of three dollars per month; for attending McGowan from November 7 till December 18th at which time he died, coffin and winding sheet, $15.00, total $30.75."

This is given that one may see the difference in the price of living and dying during the above time and at the present day. This paper was marked I in the files of J. Finney, who was county clerk at the time this estate, was settled.

A paper executed in 1810. An account of Charles Murphy was presented against the estate of Phillip Shaver, the amount being $4.50, the following is attached to the account, "This day appeared Charles Murphy before me, John Bradshaw, one of the acting justices for said county and first be it solemly sworn upon the Holy Evangelist, deporteh and sayeth that the above account is just and true as it stands, stated to the best of his knowledge and belief, Charles M. (X) Murphy (His mark.) Sworn and subscribed before me the 17th day of April, 1810, John Bradshaw, J. P. A bill was allowed to Esther Lawrence, widow of William Lawrence for board, from 1814 to 1816, showing Phillip Shaver's death to have been in 1816. A bill paid to J. B. Murry for crying the sale of Shaver, names William Lawrence as administrator. Among these papers is what appears to be a blacksmith's account. It is made out in English money but the writing looks very much like a person's who had learned to write German script before he learned to write English, and is as follows: "Wilber Lawrence to bells, 19 shillings, Moses Cabitt, the same 23 shillings. George Lawrence to mending and sharpening shears, 2 shillings and 3 pence; Samuel to shoeing two horses round, 18 shillings. Thomas Giles to shoeing a mare around 12 shillings, Philander Kuykendall to shoeing horse, .six shillings, Henry Hatten to making a set of wheel irons, 3 shillings." There is no date on this paper but being among Shaver's papers and from the following extract of the court record, would lead one to believe that Shaver was German, which his name indicates. In 1819 Michael ,Shavendicker of New York at September court of Johnson County presented a petition to said court and said, he was the brother of Phillip Shaver, lately of this county, whose estate had been administered on by William Lawrence, Sr., and after his death, Esther (his wife) and John Sanders, praying that their administration be set aside and himself

"At a probate court holden for the County of Johnson on the third Monday in the month of June, 1822, before James Finney, Judge of said court, John Copeland, administrator of the estate of William Copeland deceased came into court and presented his accounts with said estate and the following sums were allowed against the said estate; to-wit: for money paid judge of probate for letters of administration and settling said estate, $7.50, to money to Calib. E. Isum for a coffin, $6, for crying sale, $5.50, money paid James Lizenby, 50c, money paid Irving Morris, sheriff, 60c, money expended to go to Tennessee twice on business for estate, $34.58, for administrators percentage for collecting $19.24, Thomas Douglas' account $3.63V2, whole amount of the estate $192.54%, credits $74.54%, and $18.8914. It appeared to the court that there remained in the hands of the said John Copeland, administrator as aforesaid, a sum of $118.59 of said estate which he is ordered to pay over to the heirs of the said William Copeland, deceased, in equal ratio. It appearing that there were six in number; to-wit; Betsy Dial, John Copeland, Martha Dial, Samuel Copeland, Sally Little, and Jane Hobbs to each of the above named legatee, the amount being $19.81 i/2-

Richard McGinnis sale occured in 1823 and the list shows the high price of househould articles existing, 1 large kettle, $7.00, 1 small pot $2.50, 1 broken skillet $1.00, 1 large oven, lids and hooks $3.00, pot hangers $3.00. Mrs. McGinnis evidently did not have a cook stove. A rifle gun sold for $10.00. William Barton, Jacob Willis, Lucas S. Gibbs and Polly Bane are among the names as purchaser. There is a note given to the president and directors of the state bank and negotiable at their branch bank at Brownsville. This is some of the famous state bank paper issued at that time.

The settlement of the estate of Richard Cox was begun November, 1824. William Cox and the widow Mary Cox were the executors. There are a few articles in this sale a little different from others mentioned in this period. One steel trap brought $3.05, ink stand and snuffers, 25c, lantern I2V2C, hackle 30c. Some names connected with the notes and receipts of this sale are as follows; Lancaster Cox, Israel Bozarith, Franklin Perry, William Fellows, Jesse

Miles, James Harman, Richard McKenny, William Corbitt, James Haley, Robert Griffith, Joseph Montgomery. Henry Eddy was an attorney interested in the settlement of this estate. Willis Hancock, William McFatridge, Champion Anderson and William Thornton were the J. P.s in most cases where the oath was taken. Joseph Kuykendall, J. P. also took some of the acknowledgements. There is a receipted account of Dr. Sim, presumably of Golconda, also a medical bill of B. W. Brooks, and William Slack. Richard Cox must have emigrated from North Carolina, since there is a note payable in North Carolina paper, also some notes collected by the administrator from parties living in that state. Another bill allowed by the court was to Mary and Martin Howell for*the supporting and instructing of six children of Richard Cox deceased, for the term of one year and eight months, the amount was $120.00, dated July 21, 1826. This would give rise to the opinion that the widow Mary Cox, had married Martin Howell. The following is a letter which explains itself and is used for its quaintness, "Illinois Union County, August 10, 1827, Respected friend, James Finney, Esq., After my best respects to thee I -write these few lines to let thee know it is not convenient for me to attend court according to adjournment, which is on the 11th instant, but that need not make any difference. Thee can proceed to make the settlement. I have nothing more to inform thee concerning the estate more than I wish thee to be as saving to the estate as possible, in regard to allowing charges for raising the heirs. About twelve months ago I could have had them raised and kept on twelve months for fifty dollars and on August 21st I informed Martin Howell, that I could have the heirs supported for fifty dollars and he continued to keep them. I merely write this for information to thee, if Martin Howell should put in a bill for a large charge or petition for much. It is not convenient for me to come for my family is not in a situation for me leave them. Thee can make out a bill for thy charges and leave with I. Morris, Esq. or receipt to him on it and send it to me by Thomas Musgrave, the bearer, and I will credit thy note with the amount after settling thy small account of sale, which is $139.50, if correct. Concerning my charge, thee may see on the small scrap of paper folded in this letter a memorandum of time spent besides collecting in and paying out. If thee wish to send any news back tell Thomas Musgrave to wait until thee can write. I wish thee to push on the collection of the Hancock debt as fast as possible. If it would be necessary for me to be at the settlement of the estate put off the settlement a few weeks and give me notice and I will attend. No more, only thy friend and well wisher. - William Cox." One paper records Mary Howell, formerly Mary Cox.

J. H. G. Wilcox took charge of the estate of Calvin Austin in 1827. There is a bill to J. D. Martin as Physician. An advertisement printed in a Cincinnati paper as follows : ''If any of the relatives or friends of Calvin Austin, who lately died at the residence of J. D. Wilcox, near Ft. Massac Illinois, will direct a letter to J. D. Wilcox, or leave information at the General Intellegence Office, Cincinnati, they can be made acquainted with the circumstances of his decease, and of some of the property and papers now in my possession. - J. D. Wilcox, near Ft. Massac."

The sale list of this estate indicates goods belonging in a general store, 1 Yawl at $45.00, 2 tomahawks, 75c, several articles were purchased by Anderson Douglas. One can't help but surmise about these names, and this would indicate that Anderson was the husband of Elizabeth, Douglas whose estate comes later. The sale of tomahawks would show that they had Indian patrons. Many of the names connected with this sale are the same as those of many of the residents of Massac County at the present time, some of which are, James Herren, Cornelius Shord, Jonah Teague, James Lard, Amos Hale, Hartwell Hart, W. C. Sisk, Elisha Ellis, Carter Lathem, John A. Evers, Jacob Childress, John L. Henderson, Hardy Robinson, Edward Allen, Elija Henly, Nathan Gillespie, William White, John C. Johnson, Isom Clay and Thomas Roy.

The settlement of the estate of Elizabeth Douglas occured in 1833 and was settled through a will (see wills). James Copeland was the executor and Samuel Copeland was his bondsman. From the names one would judge that the said Elizabeth Douglas lived near the Ohio River, about the present site of Hillerman. Walter Astin, William Parker, whose home was appointed a voting place for Massac precinct a few years before) Adam Cochran George Brazel and Eliakin Russell were the appraisers. M. and Cal. Hitchcock, James and Jesse Jones, Joel Hobbs, Thomas Pitt, W. S. Gorden, A. D. Whitten, Thomas Har- rington. Some articles of sale and prices, 1 tin trumpet, I2V2C, 1 trivet, Sl%cf a trivet is a small iron frame with three legs to set near the open fire, so that hot coals could be put under it to boil things slowly or keep them warm, at present they are made of silver to put under hot dishes, 1 meal bag and bed cord, 12V&C, a bed cord was used on old fashioned bed steads in lieu of slats or springs, being laced across the stead to support the bedding, 1 bed quilc, $2.50, 1 plain cherry chest, $1.00, 1 demijohn, $1.00, 1 small oven and lid, 75c, 1 barrel of Irish potatoes, 75c. A bill allowed against this estate, 'The estate of Elizabeth Douglas, deceased to Mary Cochran, Dr. 1832 to a balance due on a cow, $5.50, to eight pounds of butter $1.00, to finding leather and making a pair of shoes 621//2C State of Illinois, Johnson County, this day came Jesse Cochran before me and upon his oath says as follows, I do swear that the above accounts against Elizabeth Douglas are just and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief, given under my hand, Jesse Cochan, sworn to and subscribed before me this 22 day of October, 1834, J. Copeland. J. P." Some accounts due the estate, Elizabeth Hitchcock, $42.06*4, Burrell Anderson $2,621/2, John L. Cooper $25.25, W. B. Donaghy, 371/oc

The estate of James Robertson was settled at the hands of Nathaniel Richardson. William Hayle, and Jesse Richardson were the bondsmen and J. Copeland, S. G. Allen and James Hitchcock were the appraisers. The live stock sold at this sale a little higher than twenty years before. One lot of cord wood, supposed to be eighty-seven cords sold for $108.75 about a $1.25 a cord.

The estate of William Duncan was settled in 1840. James P. Duncan was the administrator, William McMahan and Hiram Kelly the security on his bond, Hames Hayes, the crier at this sale, Henry Thomas and William Richy the clerks. Wheat sold at $1.00 per bushel, fodder, 100 bundles $1.00, bacon 10c per pound, 1 mattock 50c, 1 lot of flax 50c, 1 yoke of steers $20.00, 1 gun and pouch $5.31 V2, 4 bushel of meal and grinding $1.00. Newcomers to the county whose names are connected with this estate were, William Duncan in account with John Bain, December 25, 1840, to two spelling books 37V^c, William Mounts, James Lasley, James Thornton, John W. Jones, William Harper, Wesley Branscomb, Samuel Roper, G. W. Chapman. A. Colter pub- lished the administrators notice in the "Illinois Republican" a paper published in Shawneetown. The receipt shows July, 1841. The following letters are with the papers of this estate written in a good hand writing and plain as though written yesterday, July 8, 1841. "Dear Sir :- Yours of the 5th has just come to hand and is all correct. I enclose you a certificate and receipt. Can you get us some good subscribers down there? Yours obediently, A. Coulter." The price of whiskey was 25c per half pint in 1840, interest rates were 12%. In 1841 Polly Carmicheal gave bond to administer on the estate of John Carmicheal. J. T. Collier, G. W. Pagget, and Samuel Limberlake were her securities.

The estate of John Finney was settled in 1843, through a will which is found under Wills, by William Slack, in 1844, Judith L. Ireland administered on the estate of Alexander Ireland. Joseph Street and James M. Davidge were her securities. The bond was filed July 18. 1844. The appraisers were W. B. and B. S. Smith and Henry Jones. The following names of the signers of notes and receipts will give some of the citizens residing here at that time, S. J. Chapman, C. J. Ladd, B. F. Furlong, Joah and James Mc- Coy, W. J. Gibbs, W. B. Donaghy, J. S. Mabry, Reid Smoot, S. Short, Jr., B. S. Gray, G. Young, Thos. Gore, John Simpson, N. B. Jennett, T. J. Church & Co, R. Elkins, Carter Lathem, Joshua Elkins and Nimrod Hazelwood. The rate of interest on the notes of this estate was 12%. Some articles in the accounts, 551 pounds of flour sold at 2c per pound, 120 bushels coal at 8c a bushel, 1 days gathering corn 50c, 1 spool thread 12%c.

The estate of Nicholas Choat was settled 1845, with Benjamin Choat as administrator and Absolam Choat as security. The appraisers were G. W. Oglesby, Philander Yandell and Nathaniel Rushing. A new name or two occurs in this connection Milton Lucas, A. Vickers, James O'Neal. James Gibbs was the crier. There are a few articles sold not given in other sales, millstones $6.25, 1 still $1.25, 1 improvement $27.00. This still would certainly bring more than a dollar and a quarter at this time, 1924.