Knox County, Illinois - The whole text, 1912 (part 35 of 56)

William Henry Willcox was reared upon a farm adjoining Galesburg and -;- - is one of three of the original colony who are still living in this city, the others being Mrs. Charles Hinckley and Mrs. Henry Sanderson, whose husband was - the first mayor of Galesburg. Mr. Willcox spent his youth in the usual manner ; ' of farm lads and attended the first school in Galesburg. its site being on what ; ; is now the public square. He was afterward a student in Knox Academy and ' ; when he had completed his education he purchased his father's farm of one - '/ hundred and twenty acres, to which he added seven acres. There he continued i, ' to engage in general farming until the spring of 1879, when he removed to Trego county, Kansas, where he operated a ranch for eleven and a half years. At that time he returned to Illinois and engaged in farming in the northwestern ; t{ part of Peoria county for another eleven years. He next removed to Wyoming, ' j Stark county, where he lived for six years and in 1907 he returned to Galesburg, where he has since made his home, now enjoying a well earned rest, '. made possible through the success which he won while he followed farming.

On the 3d of October, 1866, Mr. Willcox was married to Miss Eliza P. Kellogg, who was born August 3, 1838, and died March 6, 1905. She was originally a member of the Presbyterian church but afterward joined the Congregational church of Galesburg with her husband. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Willcox were born five children. Elizabeth, the eldest, is the wife of Dr. Alvin F, Sherrill, of Atlanta, Georgia, who is dean of the theological seminary there. Edward K., who is a farmer of Wyoming, Stark county, Illinois, married Ella Jane Austin and they have four children: Dorothy A., Lawrence A., Marion E. and Charles F. John H., who follows farming near Billings, Montana, married Hattie Jaques and has three children : Marjorie I., William J. and Lois E. Caroline is the fourth member of the family. Maurice M., who is the youngest, is a graduate of the state university and now follows the profession of civil engineering in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He married Eve I. Dills and they have three sons : Henry K., Philip M. and John T.

In his political views William H. Willcox has always been a republican, having attained his majority soon after the party was organized. He is entitled to wear the Grand Army button, for on the 5th of August, 1862, he enlisted as a member of Company A, Seventy-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was mustered in as duty sergeant and was mustered out July lO, 1865, as second lieutenant. Among the battles in which he participated were those that occurred in the vicinity of Vicksburg leading to the capture of that city. Mr. Willcox was made a prisoner of war at Sabine Crossroads, April 1 8, 1864, and was sent to Camp Ford near Tyler, Texas, where he was held until the close of hostilities. After the war he followed farming successfully - for a number of years but eventually retired to enjoy a rest which he has truly earned and richly deserves. He has ever commanded the respect and confi-.^ dence of his fellow citizens and has a very wide and favorable acquaintance in :;, Knox county. . -^/

N. H. Goodspeed, a well known agriculturist and stockman of Victoria township, owns one hundred and seventy acres of land on section 15, that he devotes to general farming. He was born in Athens county, Ohio, on the I4th of May, 1849, but the Goodspeed family originally came from Massachusetts. His grandfather, Nathan Goodspeed, came to the Buckeye state in his early manhood and engaged in farming. There he was subsequently married and passed the remainder of his life. The father of our subject, Daniel H. Goodspeed, was born and reared in Ohio and there he later married Miss Martha Wingett who was a native of the same state. They spent the early years of their domestic life in the vicinity where they had always resided, but they later disposed of their interests there and, in 1855, came to Illinois. Upon their arrival in the state they located on the farm where their son, N. H., now lives and there the mother passed away in 1856 and was laid to rest in the cemetery at Victoria. The father survived her for many years, his death occurring in Victoria, in 1891, at the age of seventy years. They always attended the Congregational church and his political

Daniel H. Goodspeed

On the 3(1 of October, 1866, Mr. Willcox was married to Miss Eliza P. Kellogg, who was born August 3. 1838, and died March 6. 1905. She was originally a member of the Presbyterian church but afterward joined the Congregational church of Galesburg with her husband. Unto ^Ir. and Mrs. Willcox were born five children. Elizabeth, the eldest, is the wife of Dr. Alvin E. Sherrill, of Atlanta. (iecM-gia. who is dean of the theological seminary there. Edward K.. who is a farmer of Wyoming, Stark county. Illinois, married Ella Jane Austin and they have four children : Dorothy A., Lawrence A., Marion E. and Charles E. John II.. who follows fanning near r)illings, ^lontana, married Ilattie Ja(|ues and has three children: Marjorie I., William J. and Lois E. Caroline is the fourth member of the family. Maurice M., who is the youngest, is a graduate of the state university and now follows the profession of civil engineering in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He married Eve I. Dills and they have three sons: Ilenry K.. Philip M. and John T.

In his political views \\'illiam II. \\'illco.\ has always been a republican, having attained his majority soon after the ])arty was organized. He is entitled to wear tlie ("irand Army button, for on the 5th of August, 1862. he enlisted as a member of Com])any A, Seventy-seventh Illinois \olunteer Infantry, lie was mustered in as duty sergeant and was musterc<l out July lo, 1865. as second lieutenant. Among the battles in whicli he participated were those that occurred in the vicinity of X'icksburg leading to the capture of that city. ]\rr. Willco.x was made a prisoner of war at Sabine Crossroads, A])ril i8. 18^14. and was sent to Camp Eord near Tyler. Texas, where he was held tmtil the close of hostilities. After the war he followed farming successfully for a number of years but eventually retired to enjoy a rest which he has truly earned and richly deserves. lie has ever commanded the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens and has a very wide and favorable ac(|uaintance in Knox countv.

X. 11. Goodspeed, a well known agriculturist and >tockman of \'ictoria township, owns one hundred and seventy acres of land on section 15. that he devotes to general farming. lie was born in Athens coimty, Ohio, on the I4th of May, i84f;, but the Goods])eed family originally came from Massachusetts. Ilis grandfather, Xathan Goodspeed, came to the lUickeye state in his early manhood and engaged in farming. There he was subsecjuently married and passed the remainder of his life. The father of oiu' subject, Daniel II. Goodsi)ee(l. was born and reared iu Ohio and there he later married .Miss Martha \\'ingett who was a native of the same state. They spent the early years of their domotic life in the vicinilv where they had always resided, but they later dis])osed of their interests there and, in 1855. came to Illinois. Upon their arrival in the state they located on the farm where their son, X. II.. ni>\v lives and there the mother passed away in 1836 and was laid to rest in the cemetery at X'ictoria. The father survived her for many years, his death occurring in X'ictoria. in i8<;i. at the age of seventy years. They always attended the Congregational church and his political support Mr. Goodspeed gave to the republican party. He was a public-spirited man and always took much interest in township affairs, serving for several years as road commissioner. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Goodspeed numbered six, all of whom were born in Ohio. They are as 'follows : Elizabeth, the wife of J. B. Cochran, of Lynn township; Georgiana, who married G. W. Short, residing in Lynn township ; John Oliver, who makes his home with his brother, N. H. ; he, whose name stands at the head of this sketch ; Eunice, the widow of Orlando Short, of Galva, Illinois ; and Eleanor, who is deceased. . : N. H. Goodspeed was only a lad of six years when he came to Victoria township with his parents and he has since passed practically his entire life on the farm where he is now residing. His early years were not unlike those of other lads reared in the country during the pioneer period. He attended the district school until he had mastered the common branches, during which time, he also assisted with the work about the farm. He subsequently gave his entire attention to agricultural pursuits and after attaining his manhood took over the management of the homestead, to the further cultivation and improvement of which he has ever since devoted his energies. He engages in general farming but makes a specialty of raising horses, cattle and hogs, and has met with success in his undertakings. His farm is well improved and under high cultivation and is fully equipped with all modern conveniences and appliances, deemed essential to the successful pursuits of agriculture. < J

Mr. Goodspeed married Miss Ruth Young, a native of Knox county and a daughter of John Young, and to them was born one son, Fred N., who is now living in California. He married Emma Strom, who is deceased, and they had three children : Gladys, Wayne Stodard and Vance, who are living with Mr. and Mrs. Goodspeed.

The political allegiance of Mr. Goodspeed is given to the republican party, but he has never held any township office. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has held all of the chairs in the Victoria lodge; he also belongs to the Masonic order, being affiliated with the lodge at Victoria. In addition to his fane farm and other interests, Mr. Goodspeed is a stockholder in the Victoria Mutual Telephone Company. He has applied himself intelligently and industriously to the development of his undertakings and his efforts have been rewarded correspondingly, his prosperity being recognized by his friends as the well merited dividend from his long years of toil and selfdenial.

:' ; Professor Isaac Augustus Parker, - emeritus professor of Greek of Lombard College, ranked throughout the period of his active connection with educational interests as one of the foremost, educators of Illinois. He is now enjoying a well merited rest at the age of eighty-six years. His has largely been the ideal age that grows stronger and better mentally and physically as the years go by and gives out of the rich stores of its wisdom and experience for the benefit of others. He was born in South Woodstock, Vermont, December 31,

1825, a son of Isaac and Lucia (Wood) Parker, who were also natives of Woodstock. Their family numbered but two children, the elder being a daughter, Elvira, who became the wife of Loyal M. Wood and died in South Wood- ; stock at an advanced age. Professor Parker is a descendant of James Parker, who came from England and finally settled at Groton, Massachusetts. The paternal grandfather was Eleazer Parker, who lived in Mansfield, Connecticut, whence he removed to Vermont, settling in South Woodstock. He was a farmer by occupation and a soldier of the Revolutionary war, responding to the Lexington alarm, at which time he left the plow and gave valued aid to the country in her struggle for independence. He wedded Mary Royce and they reared a large family, including: Eleazer; Isaac; Elizabeth, who married Charles Mc- Kenzie ; Ruth, who became the wife of William Prior ; Mary, who gave her hand in marriage to Humphrey Rood ; Lydia, who married David Aiken and lived in Chautauqua county. New York; Lavina, who first became the wife of William Benton and subsequently married Platt Benedict, who was the founder of Norwalk, Ohio ; Sarah, who married Elias Smith ; and Lucy, who gave her hand in marriage to Oliver Kendall. Eleazer and Mary (Royce) Parker, the parents of this family, lived to the ages -of seventy-three and eighty-one years respectively. In tracing the ancestry of Professor Parker in the maternal line it is found that he had four ancestors who were passengers on the Mayfiower, namely : John Tilley and his daughter, Elizabeth Tilley ; John Howland ; and George Soule. The Wood family originated in England but Henry Wood, the first of the ancestors in that line, came from Holland, as did his wife, who bore the maiden name of Abigail Jenney. ' --.-.;.;; | --''-,..

The maternal grandfather of Professor Parker was Joseph Wood, a native of Middleboro. Massachusetts, who made farming his life work. He lived for some time at South Woodstock and his death occurred at that place. He served in several campaigns during the Revolutionary war. He married Mrs. William Gray, a widow, who bore the maiden name of Bethiah Palmer. His death occurred when he was sixty-five years of age, while his wife lived to be more than eighty years of age. Their children were Joseph, Jr., Benjamin Palmer, Samuel, Ira, Ora, Erastus and Lucia. The last named became the wife of Isaac Parker and the mother of Professor Parker of this review. Isaac Parker was reared to farm life and also learned the trades of a shoemaker and tanner, in early life but afterward withdrew from those trades and devoted the greater part of his days to general farming. He held the office of selectman and was also justice of the peace. He likewise served as captain of a company of the state militia and was in command of the company that escorted General Lafayette into Woodstock when he made his visit to America more than a quarter of a century after the Revolutionary war. Both he and his wife were members of the Universalist church. He died in South Woodstock when about eightysix years of age and his wife survived him for a time, passing away at the age of eighty-seven.

Professor Parker was reared in South Woodstock, Vermont, and attended Dartmouth College, from which he was graduated in 1853. He received the degree of Master of Arts from Dartmouth College in 1855 and the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Buchtel College in 1892. He took up the profession of teaching and for five years was principal of the Orleans

Institute at Glover, Vermont. On the expiration of that period he came to Galesburg as professor of ancient languages in Lombard University and such was his ability as an instructor that his services were retained by the college until 1908, when he resigned because of the weight of years. He contributed much to the success of Lombard, his instruction being an important element in the upbuilding of the school.

On the i8th of February, 1856, Professor Parker was married to Miss Sarah A. Labaree, a daughter of William and Parthena (Whitmore) Labaree. Mrs. Parker was a great-great-granddaughter of Peter Labaree, who was taken captive by the Indians at Charlestown, New Hampshire, and sent to Canada, where he was afterward released. The Rev. Benjamin Labaree, for many years president of Middlebury College, was a cousin of her father, William Labaree. The latter was born in New Hampshire and devoted his life to general agricultural pursuits. He married Parthena Whitmore and their children were- John Wesley: Ralph; William H. ; Charles K. ; Benjamin Franklin; Sarah Ann; Harriet; Adeline; and Louisa, who became the wife of Ira Thompson and died many years ago. Of these, Sarah Ann became the wife of Professor Parker. She was born in Weathersfield, Vermont, in 1827, and died in Galesburg, in 1889, when sixty-two years of age. She held membership in the L'^niversalist church and was a lady of many admirable characteristics and qualities. By her marriage she became the mother of two children but the daughter, Izah Tenney, died in Banning, California, in 1891. She had been a teacher in the public schools of Galesburg and also in Lombard College. The son, William Augustus, a civil engineer by profession, is now chief engineer of the St. Joseph & Grand Island Railway and has his office in St. Joseph, Missouri.

Professor Parker's lite record is largely a familiar one to the residents of Galesburg, for he has so long made his home in their midst. Well descended and well bred, his tastes are innately those of refinement and culture and his influence has always been given on the side of progress and advancement. He has stood for the highest ideals in educational work and while instructing pupils in the "dead" languages he has also kept before them the living issues of the day in his efforts to prepare those under his instruction for the practical and responsible .duties of life. His influence, exerted consciously or unconsciously, has ever been a force for good in the lives of those with whom he has come in contact. -.. .. ,- .. ,.---,-., ^ .;, ,. ,^. .,;..-:... ..,, . . - ,.-.-.;,-;;

; - Dr. William S, Williamson, a well known and successful representative of the medical profession in Knox county, has continuously practiced at Galesburg for more than two decades. His birth occurred in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the 2 1st of August, 1848, his parents being Hiram and Lydia (Pierce) Williamson. The father was born in \'irginia, on the I2th of May, 1800, while the mother's birth occurred in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, on the 4th of May, i8io. The paternal grandparents of our subject, Hiram and Martha (Mc- Clellan) Williamson, were planters of Virginia and were representatives of

,- curred on the i8th of July, 1884. He gave his political allegiance to the republican party and while living in the east served as justice of the peace and also as a member of the school board. In early manhood he was a member of

.;;: the Society of Friends but after locating in the west affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal church, acting therein as class leader and also as a member of the board of stewards. It was on the 4th of May, 1828, in Indiana county, Pennsylvania, that he had wedded Miss Lydia Pierce, who passed away in May, 1900. Unto them were born ten children, as follows : Jacob, who was killed

- ' in the battle of Vicksburg while a member of the Union army, serving in Company D, Thirteenth Illinois Infantry; Eliza Jane, who is also deceased; Hiram F., living at Central City, Nebraska; Sarah and Joseph, both of whom have passed away ; Lydia, the wife of Smith F. Purdy, of Abingdon, Illinois ; James, ' deceased ; William S., of this review ; F. Nettie, who gave her hand in marriage - to Samuel McGee and resides in Aurora, Nebraska ; and Sevena C., the wife of,

William S. Williamson obtained his early education in the public schools of Henry county, Illinois, later attended Prairie Home Academy and subse-

: , quently continued his studies in Grinnell College of Iowa. He next read medicine under the direction of Dr. John N. McKelvey, of Orion, Illinois, and

. afterward entered the University of Michigan, from which he was graduated with the class of 1875. Lx)cating for the practice of medicine at Rio, Knox county, Illinois, he there remained for eight years and then removed to Aurora, Nebraska, where he followed his profession for six years. On the expiration of that period he entered the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, completing the full course in 1889. In that year he opened an office at Galesburg, Illinois, and this city has since remained the scene of his professional labors, his success in the administration of remedial agencies and the restoration of health insuring him a constantly growing and highly remunerative patronage. There is also a military chapter in the life history of Dr. Williamson, for at the time of the Civil war he enlisted as a member of Company B, Sixty-fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, remaining with that command as a private for three years. ----'- ;;';--- --'-. '-'"''- :'--'' 'i 'X. --.' /-":' ^ '- ' - 1 ^^ '' \ - .'. . "

On the 29th of April, 1875, Dr. Williamson was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Burns Cook, who was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 4th of August, 1860, her parents being Alexander and Mary (Burns) Cook, of Mercer county, Illinois. The father was a native of the Isle of Arran, off the coast of Scotland, while the mother was born in the Scotch highlands. They were married in Glas- ' gow, Scotland, and emigrated to the United States in 1862, locating in Lynn, Henry county, Illinois, where Alexander Cook followed farming. His last days

_>- were spent in honorable retirement at Swedona, Illinois, where both he and his wife passed away. In politics he was a republican, while his religious faith trustee. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Williamson were born four children, namely: Winfield Howard, who is a resident of Desmet, Idaho; Jean Burns, the wife of Dr. John C. Murchison ; Nellie, deceased ; and Bessie, who is at home.

At the polls Dr. Williamson supports the men and measures of the republican party, believing firmly in its principles. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, the Knights of Pythias, the Woodmen and the Red Men. Both he and his wife belong to the Central Congregational church and take an active and helpful part in its work. Genial in disposition, unobtrusive and unassuming, he is patient under adverse criticism and in his expressions concerning brother practitioners is friendly and indulgent. . . :-:... . : .- > : x.-

; '.. David B. Fdwards, who for fifteen years has been a conductor on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, his run being from Galesburg to Quincy, has throughout his entire life been connected with railway service and his efficiency and faithfulness are indicated in the fact that he has always remained with the one road. He was born in Henderson county, Illinois, three miles south of Kirkwood, on the ist of May, 1862, a grandson of John Edwards, who was of Welsh birth and lineage and came to the United States at the time of the Revolutionary war with the British army but deserted from its ranks and joined the colonial forces, his sympathy being with the troops who were struggling for independence. He located in Belmont county, Ohio, where his remaining days were passed.

The parents of David B. Edwards were Thomas R. and Susan (Cook) Edwards, both of whom were natives of Belmont county, Ohio, the father having been born on the 29th of November, 1820, and the mother on the 2ist of August, 1827. Both were educated there and their marriage was celebrated in their native county on the 25th of February, 1854. The father was a blacksmith by trade and in the fall of 1860 came to Illinois, driving across the country to Henderson county, where he secured a tract of land and engaged in farming. Year after year he devoted his attention to the cultivation of the fields until his death which occurred June 5, 1895. His widow survived him for eleven years and passed away October 27, 1906. They were both consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in the work of which they were actively and helpfully interested, Mr. Edwards serving as one of the church trustees. In politics he was a republican and served as township trustee, as road commissioner and as school director, faithfully discharging his duties and also giving active and helpful support to every measure and movement intended for the public good. Unto him and his wife were born six children : John Walter, a railway conductor on the Rock Island Railroad, now living at Cedar Rapids, Iowa ; OrlofF D., a farmer of Sumner county, Kansas ; Stephen C., who also follows farming in Sumner county ; David B. ; Charles H., living on the old homestead in Henderson county ; and Emma F., a twin sister of Charles, and now the wife of John W. Gordon, of Hooker, Oklahoma.: _^ ,. , , ..:.;.,;- ..;..- . ..... ,--

V David B. Edwards has spent his entire life in Illinois and is indebted to its public-school system for the educational privileges he enjoyed. In starting out in life on his own account he secured a position as brakeman on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, serving in that capacity until promoted to the position of conductor on the 2d of February, 1896. He has since served in that capacity, his run being from Galesburg to Quincy, and his loyalty, capability and faithfulness are indicated in his long retention in the position.

On the I5th of July, 1885, Mr. Edwards was united in marriage to Miss Augfusta Ervin, who was born August 23, 1866, at Statesville, North Carolina, a daughter of Claude P. and Jane (Morrison) Ervin, of Biggsville, Illinois. Her father was born June i6, 1843, in Iredell county. North Carolina, and enlisted for service in the Confederate army under Colonel Vance, serving as a private in the cavalry for three years and six months. He removed with his family to Biggsville during the early girlhood of Mrs. Edwards, who was there educated. By her marriage she has become the mother of two children : Walter Earl, who was born in Biggsville, October 4, 1886, and died August 27, 1887; and Gertrude May, who was born in Biggsville, February 17, 1888, and is living with her parents. It was in 1885 that Mr. Edwards removed to Galesburg and in 1907 he erected the residence which he and his family now occupy. He still holds membership in the Odd Fellows lodge at Biggsville and belongs to the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, Lodge No. 24. at .Galesburg. His political indorsement is given to the republican party but he has no desire or aspiration for public office and its rewards. His wife is a member of the Baptist church and during the twenty-six years of their residence in the city they have made many friends.

Albert W. Tapper, a successful and representative agriculturist of Ontario township, was born in Osco, Henry county, Illinois, on the 5th of December, 1871, his parents being Erick G. and Christina (Carlson) Tapper, who were natives of Tjarstad, Estergetlan and Hoena, Sweden, respectively. The father was born on November 13, 1831, and at the age of twenty-six years came to the United States to seek his fortune in the agricultural district of the Middle West, heretofore having spent his time in military training and agricultural pursuits. He settled first at New Sweden, Iowa, where he remained until 1863, v.'hen he removed to Andover, Illinois, and located upon a farm near Osco. At this place he became the owner of two hundred acres of valuable land, which he successfully cultivated until 1889^ when he removed to Ontario township, Knox county, settling upon the farm, on which his son, A. W. Tapper, now resides. This farm, which consisted of two hundred and seventy-one and a half acres, was his home until his death, on the 23d of July, 1902, at the age of seventy years. In politics he was a stanch and enthusiastic republican and he held mem- bership in the Swedish Lutheran church at Andover, Illinois. In 1867 he was married to Christina Carlson, whose birth occurred on the ist of January, 1840. She left her native land for the United States in 1854 and resided with an aunt near Orion, Illinois, until her marriage. She is now residing at Woodhull, Illinois.

Albert W. Tapper spent his early years at home, assisting his father and attending the common schools in the acquirement of an education. At twenty-one years of age he began attending Brown's Business College at Galesburg during the winter months, although he still spent much time working on the farm. He began his independent career in the spring of 1897, when he went to Monmouth and engaged in the laundry business, which he conducted during the following four or five years. After this, for a similar length of time, he was in the employ of the Kingman Plow Company at Peoria, before again engaging in ag^cultural pursuits, at first for three years, on an eighty acre tract owned by Joe Cox, Sr., and later, in the spring of 1908, on the homestead where his mother needed his assistance. He has the entire farm under cultivation and is carrying on general fanning most profitably in addition to feeding cattle and hogs. In the few years in which he has been thus engaged, he has given his attention almost exclusively to his farm and has shown his ability to equip it and operate it scientifically and profitably. Among the later improvements which he has added is the silo, which has a capacity of one hundred and twenty tons.

In September, 1898, Mr. Tapper was married to Miss Millie Samuelson, a daughter of Olaf and Christina Samuelson, both of whom were natives of Sweden and are now deceased. Mrs. Tapper was born March 15, 1871, in Woodhull and spent the greater part of her childhood in that town, where she was prominent socially and in the Lutheran church. Her death occurred on October 21, 1907, when she was thirty-six years and seven months of age. To Mr. and Mrs. Tapper two children were bom, namely : Elsie Marie, who is thirteen years of age and who is residing with her father and attending school ; and Ruby Emelia, whose death occurred on the nth of March, 1909.

- In politics Mr. Tapper is a republican and takes an active interest in public aflPairs, having served for the last few years as district clerk of Ontario Township Centennial School District No. 22. He holds stock in the Woodhull and Oneida grain elevators and is also a stockholder in the Woodhull State Bank. His fraternal affiliations are with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of Woodhull and the Modern Woodmen of America, of that place, associations which in- ~ dicate rnuch of the nature of his interests and the rules which govern his life. ';

William Albert Gebhart

William Albert Gebhart has been engaged in teaming in Galesburg for forty years and during half of that time has conducted a wholesale and retail hay and straw business. He is a native of Knox county, where he was born on a farm in Henderson township, on the 27th of August, 1855. The father, Allen Gebhart, a son of Kentucky, where he was reared, engaged in agricultural pursuits after concluding his schooling. At Pleasant Hill church, Taylor county, that

Feather, also a native of the Blue Grass state, in which they continued to reside until 1850, when they came to Illinois, settling on a farm in Henderson township, this county. Mr. Gebhart devoted his energies to the improvement and cultivation of this place until 1869, when with his wife and family he removed to Galesburg. Here he followed the occupations of lathing and plastering during the remainder of his active life, passing away in 1889, at the age of sixty-three years. The mother is still living and is now in her eightieth year, having been born in Taylor county, Kentucky, on February 20, 1832. Mr. Gebhart was a veteran of the Mexican war, in which he fought as a member of one of the first regiments that left Louisville. In politics he was a stanch republican. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Gebhart numbered eight children, as follows : Mary and John, both of whom are deceased; Henry, who was killed in a railroad accident ; William Albert, of this review ; David, who is a resident of McDermott, Idaho; Edward, deceased; Lulu, the wife of Henry Hunt, of Kearney, Nebraska ; and Richard, who is a resident of Ogden, Iowa. The paternal grandparents were Thomas and Nellie (Robbins) Gebhart, natives of Virginia and of Campbellsville, Taylor county, Kentucky, respectively. They were among the early settlers of Knox county, passing away in Henderson township at a ripe old age. He was a blacksmith by trade and continued to follow this occupation until age compelled his retirement from regular work. They had three daughters and four sons : Rachel ; Jane ; Sarah ; John ; Allen, the father of William Albert Gebhart; Thomas and William. The family is of German extraction, the great-grandfather of William Albert Gebhart having emigrated to the colonies when he was a lad of fourteen years, prior to the Revolution. He grew to manhood in this country and gave his services to the land of his adoption in its struggle for independence. In the maternal line, William Albert Gebhart is descended from old colonial southern families. His grandparents, John and Polly (Harp) Feather, removed from Niles, North Carolina, to Kentucky, locating in Taylor county, where they died at the ages of ninety-four and eightythree years respectively. They were the parents of ten children, the eldest of whom, Eliza, was the mother of our subject, the others being: Catherine, who died when young; Elvira; Albert; John; Reuben; William; Mary; Louisa; and Rial. . V i -

The education of William Albert Gebhart began in the district school, in the vicinity of his father's farm, until he was ten years of age, and was completed in the public schools of Galesburg. In his sixteenth year he laid aside his textbooks and began earning his own living. The first work that offered happened to be teaming, and now for forty years he has continued to be identified with this business. About twenty years ago he began dealing in hay and straw, and as this venture proved to be remunerative he has ever since followed it in connection with his teaming business. Mr. Gebhart is a practical man, enterprising and industrious, and has met with good success in his undertakings, owing to his close application, unceasing effort and good judgment.

On the 4th of March, 1883, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Feather, a daughter of Albert and Diema (Wilson) Feather, and a native of Kentucky, her birth having occurred in Taylor county, on the 25th of February, 1862. Her parents were also natives of the Blue Grass state, whence they moved to Illinois in 1883, locating in Knox county. They are now residents of Galesburg. The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs, Feather: Mary, now Mrs. Gebhart; Ermine; Emmett, who is deceased; Olive; John; and Timothy. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Gebhart were John and Polly (Harp) Feather, and in the maternal line she is descended from Robert and Nellie (Colvin) Wilson. Mr. and Mrs. Gebhart are the parents of five children: Leroy, who died in infancy ; Charles, who was eleven years of age at the time of his death ; Harry, who graduated from the high school and Knox College and is now studying medicine at the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor ; Erminie, a graduate of the high school and Brown's Business College, who is now employed as stenographer in the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank in this city; and Bessie, who died when she was eleven years of age.

His political franchise Mr. Gebhart exercises in support of the men and measures of the democratic party. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Modem Woodmen of America and both he and Mrs. Gebhart hold membership in the Baptist church, and number among its congregation many close friends. Mr. Gebhart has always led a rather unobtrusive life, but he is a man of tireless energy, clear judgment and foresight and has quietly advanced his interests during the long period of his business career, until he is now numbered among the substantial citizens of the community. .. . ,

John B. McAuley, a well known civil engineer and contractor of Galesburg, who has twice been city engineer, was bom here, on the i8th of November, 1863. His parents are Thomas and Margaret (Mulqueney) McAuley, natives of Ireland, the father's birth having occurred in County Antrim, on the 2d of February, 1832, and that of the mother in County Clare. When a young man Thomas McAuley emigrated to the United States, locating in Galesburg in 1854. Here he entered the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad in the capacity of foreman of track construction. He subsequently went to Iowa, settling on a farm in Lee county, to the further development of which he devoted his energies until 1884. In the latter year he disposed of his property and returned to Galesburg, again entering the service of the "Q." He continued in that employ as assistant foreman of the yards until 1904, when he withdrew from active work and is now living retired at No. 649 South Academy street. The mother is also living. They are both communicants of the Roman Catholic church and belong to the parish of St. Patrick. Ever since granted the right of franchise Mr. McAuley has given his support to the democratic party and although he never aspired to public office, has always taken an active interest in all political affairs. To Mr. and Mrs. McAuley there have been born six children, the eldest of whom is our subject. The others are as follows : Thomas Francis, who is living in Chicago : Mary, the wife of W. G. Mathews ; Margaret, who is at home; Charles H., of Galesburg; and Grace, who is also at home. The parents were married in Galesburg.

The education of John B. McAuley was obtained in the public school and also a private school conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Hennessey. Upon attaining his majority in 1884 he entered the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. He was first assigned duty on the tracks and in the switch yard, his first promotion being to the civil engineer department, and in October, 1884, he was appointed assistant to F. J. Allen, division engineer, in the capacity of chain and rodman in the engineer department. Subsequently he was placed in charge of the division engineer's office, remaining in this position until March, 1891, when he resigned to assume the responsibilities of city engineer. He was appointed to this office by Mayor Forrest F. Cooke, his term expiring in 1893, and in May of that year he went to Canton, this state, where he was engaged until the following May as city engineer for that city. Upon his return to Galesburg he established an office and took contracts for construction work of various kinds, principally brick pavements, sewers, waterworks and also in both concrete and brick masonry. In 1901 he was again appointed city engineer by Mayor William O. R. Bradley, but upon the expiration of his term of office he once more gave his undivided attention to his private interests. Mr. McAuley has laid, or has had direct charge of construction, as engineer, of the greater portion of the pavement in Galesburg and has contracted for and laid all of the better class of pavement such as that to be found on - Mary street. Chamber street, E. Losey street, Seminary street and Prairie street. He has also built the brick and steel bridges and the reinforced concrete bridge over Cedar Fork creek. His building operations and concrete work have been of a most important character and indicate his position as a prominent representative of industrial activity in Galesburg. In 1895 he completed and published a new map of the city and he also has received at difiPerent times contracts on the city waterworks plant. Mr. McAuley has become quite well known in this portion of the state through his contracts on pavements, sewers, waterworks, railroads and bridges, and in addition to the work already mentioned he : paved a number of streets and alleys in Kewanee, Illinois. He is a practical man and does his work thoroughly and efficiently, giving his close personal supervision to every contract assigned him. ;.;.

On the i/th of November, 1897, Mr. McAuley was married to Miss Elizabeth Frances Connolly, a daughter of Terence and Ellen Connolly of this city. Mrs. McAuley was born May 28, 1867, and departed this life at her home at No. 649 South Academy street, on the 2d of September, 1901. She was a consistent member of St. Patrick's Catholic church to which Mr. McAuley also belongs. To them were born twin sons, John Thomas and Robert Francis, whose birth occurred on the 3d of July, 1900. Mr. McAuley belongs to the Galesburg Club and the Elks Club and has most cordial relations with many of the members of those organizations. In his political views he is a republican and while he has firm faith in the party, he has never sought nor desired office save the one which he held and which was in the strict path of his profession. His support of progressive municipal affairs, however has been a factor in general progress and improvement. The steps in his orderly progression are easily discemable. Since starting out in life in a humble capacity he has made continuous advancement, wisely utilizing his time, talents and opportunities and correctly judging of life's contacts and experiences. Early in his business career he recognized the fact that there is no royal road to wealth, but that advancement and success must depend upon the worth of an individual's work to his

- - fellowmen. He has always held to high standards and whether in the execution .'V : ; of public or private contracts has ever given adequate return for value received. '; ;- ;5 Moreover he has cultivated skill and efficiency which have won for him a lead- --':'". ing place among the prominent representatives of his profession in this part of < . Illinois.

Walter D. DeLong, who has been conducting a transfer and storage business in Galesburg for the past nine years, was born on a farm at Center Point, three and a half miles northeast of this city, on the 29th of July, 1865. His parents were Marshall and Mary (Harding) DeLong, the father a native of Vermont and the mother of the state of New York. Three children were born to them as follows : Walter D., our subject ; Mary, the wife of C. R. Neeley of Sparta township ; and Harriet, who married Addison Hasty, of Seattle, Washington. At the age of ten years, Marshall DeLong accompanied his parents on their removal from Vermont to Illinois, their destination being Knox county. The family arrived late in the fall of 1836 and spent their first winter in old Henderson, but in the spring they located on a farm in Sparta township. There Marshall DeLong completed his education and was reared to manhood. Always having had his energies directed along agricultural lines, when old enough to choose a vocation, naturally he adopted the one in which he felt he was most likely to succeed. He subsequently purchased a farm at Center Point that he operated until 1886, when he was appointed superintendent of the county poor farm. He continued to discharge the duties of this office until his death on the 29th of January, 1892, at the age of sixty-six years. The mother survived for five years thereafter, passing away at the same age. Mr. DeLong always took an active interest in all public affairs, and was for many years postmaster at Center Point, and he also efficiently served as justice of the peace and was at one time a member of the board of supervisors. All matters of an agricultural nature interested him and he was one of the enthusiastic members of the county agricultural board for several years, of which he was president. The f>aternal grandparents were Julius and Juliana (Sanford) DeLong, also natives of Vermont, who died on the old homestead in Sparta township, at an advanced age. They had one son and two daughters : Marshall, Mary and Harriet. The maternal grandparents were also pioneers of Knox county, having located on a farm in the vicinity of Cherry Grove, near Abingdon, in the early days. She passed away in middle life, but the grandfather, James Harding, was ninety-nine at the time of his death. Six children were born to them : the mother of our subject ; Ann ; Roderick, who was a captain in the Civil war ; Lucinda and Nett.

The boyhood and youth of Walter D. DeLong were passed on his father's farm in Sparta township, where the family had then resided for nearly forty years. In the acquirement of his early education he attended the district school, but he later supplemented this by a business course in one of the commercial colleges. He subsequently returned to the home place in the operation of which he assisted until his father became superintendent of the poor farm in 1886, when he took over the management of the homestead. He continued to operate the entire farm until after the death of his father in 1892, when he inherited one hundred and one and a half acres, that he cultivated together with some land he rented from the other heirs. In 1902, Mr. DeLong disposed of his property and came to Galesburg and emharked in the business he is still conducting. He was first associated with Ralph Belden, but for the past six years he has been in partnership with E. B. Ogden.

On the 5th of June, 1889. Mr. DeLong was united in marriage with Miss Genevieve Ferris, who passed away on January 12, 1902. She was a daughter , of Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzo D. (Carpenter) Ferris, the former of whom was a native of the state of Ohio. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. DeLong, as follows: Earl, Harold, Clarice and Lorenzo. The mother was a most estimable Christian woman and held membership in the Congregational church. On the 27th of April, 1904, Mr. DeLong married Mrs. Margaret Wilson, whose maiden name was Riley, the widow of Elliott Wilson, by whom she had four children: William; James, who died at the age of fifteen years; Elliott; and Kenneth. . ;,

Mr. DeLong is a member of the Congregational church, and he is also affiliated with the Galesburg Club. He was a member of the executive board of Knox county agricultural association for thirteen years, and its treasurer for one year. His political support he gives to the republican party, but he has never held any office save that of school director while he was residing in Sparta township. He is one of the capable business men of Galesburg, where he has conducted his transactions in a highly creditable manner and is in every way regarded as a worthy representative of one of Knox county's estimable pioneer families.

C. W. Roe successfully operates a finely equipped farm of three hundred and forty-two acres on sections i6 and 17 in Indian Point township, Knox county, nor far distant from his birthplace, section 20 of this township. The date of his birth was March i, 1867. He is the son of T. H. and Lucinda (Stephenson) Roe. His early education C. W. Roe received in the Hunt district schools after which he attended Hedding College and the Dixon Normal school at Dixon, Illinois. When twenty-four years old he left home and began farming for himself on section i6, where he bought one hundred and seventy acres of land. This remained his home until January of the present year, when he removed to the farm on which he is now residing. The home is handsome and well constructed and thoroughly modern in all its appointments and the farm buildings also are substantial and equipped with every needed device for efficient farming and stock-raising, since Mr. Roe is extensively engaged in both of these occupations.

Mrs. C. W. Roe, who was formerly Miss Eva May Shaw, was married to Mr. Roe, February 22, 1900. She was born in Cedar township, Knox county, a daughter of Philip and Selecta (Morse) Shaw. Her parents, who are both dead, were among the New England settlers of Knox county, her father having he took over the management of the homestead. He continued to operate the entire farm until after the death of his father in 1892, when he inherited one hundred and one and a half acres, that he cultivated together with some land he rented from the other heirs. In 1902, Mr. DeLong disposed of his property and came to Galesburg and embarked in the business he is still conducting. He was first associated with Ralph P.elden. but for the past six years he has been in partnership with E. \\. Ogden.

, On the 5th of June. 1889. Mr. DeLong was united in marriage with Miss Genevieve Ferris, who passed away on January 12, 1902. She was a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzo D. (Carpenter) Ferris, the former of whom was a native of the state of Ohio. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. DeLong. as follows: Earl. Harold. Clarice and Lorenzo. The mother was a most estimable Christian woman and held membership in the Congregational church. On the 27th of Ajiril. u;o4. Mr. DeLong married Mrs. Margaret Wilson, whose maiden name was Riley. the widow of Elliott Wilson, by whom she had four children: \\'illiam ; James, who died at the age of fifteen years: Elliott: and Kenneth. |

Mr. DeLong is a member of the Congregational church, and he is also affiliated with the Galesburg Club. He was a member of the executive board of Knox county agricultural association for thirteen years, and its treasurer for one year. His political support he gives to the republican party, but he has never held any office save that of school director while he was residing in Sparta townshij). He is one of the capable business men of Galesburg. where he has conducted his transactions in a highly creditable manner and is in every way regarded as a worthy representative of one of Knox county's estimable pioneer families.

C. W. Roe successfully operates a finely ecjuipped farm of three hundred and forty-two acres on sections if) and 17 in Indian Point township. Knox county, nor far distant from his birthplace, section 20 of this township. The date of his birth was March i. 1867. He is the son of T. H. and Lucinda (Stephenson) Roe. His early education C. W. Roe received in the Hunt district schools after which he attended Hedding College and the Dixon Normal school at Dixon. Illinois, \\lien twenty-four years old he left home and began farming for him- .self on section i6. where he bought one hundred and seventy acres of land. This remained his home until January of the present year, when he removed to tlie farm on which he is now residing. The home is handsome and well constructed and thoroughly modern in all its appointments and the farm buildings also are substantial and e(|ui])ped with every needed device for efficient farming and stock-raising, since Mr. Roe is e.xtensively engaged in both of these occu- |)ations.

Mrs. C. W. Roe. who was formerly Miss Eva May Shaw, was married to Mr. Roe, February 22. 1900. She was born in Cedar township. Knox county, a daughter of IMiili]) and Selecta (Morse) Shaw. Her parents, who are both dead, were among the \'e\v England settlers of Knox county, her father having been a native of Maine and her mother a native of Massachusetts. They were married in the east and later settled in Indian Point township, where Mr. Shaw followed agricultural pursuits until his death on March 20, 1905. His wife's death occurred seventeen years earlier, on February 27, 1888.

To Mr. and Mrs. Roe were born four children, as follows : Lucile V., born December ii, 1901; Mildred S., bom May ii, 1902; Marjorie, born February 26, 1905; and Delwyn Truman, bom July 13, 1911. Mr. Roe votes the republican ticket but has never been an aspirant for office. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of Abingdon. > Both Mr. and Mrs. Roe ar§ loyal supporters of the Congregational church and possess a large circle of friends in Abingdon and the neighboring communities. , .. .. ----,<.-.... -.

While living retired in Galesburg, Andrew F. McComack is still interested in agricultural pursuits as the owner of three hundred and twenty-five acres of valuable land in Knox county, from which he derives a substantial annual income. While an active factor in the world's work he engaged in general farming and his diligence and intelligently directed industry were manifest in the excellent results that attended his labors, bringing him the handsome competence that now enables him to live retired. He was born in Knox county, August 14, 1839, and is, therefore, one of its oldest residents in years of continuous connection with this part of the state. His parents were Samuel and Jeannette (Tait) McCornack, who were natives of Scotland and were three months in making the trip from that country to Illinois, spending two months on the sea and the remainder of the time in crossing the country, journeying by canal and by wagon. The father was from Kirkcudbrightshire and it was in the year 1839 that he brought his family to the new world. He was a son of John McComack, who also came to Knox county with his son and passed away here a short time afterward. He made his home with his son Andrew and died at a very advanced age. His wife, Mrs. McComack, has long since passed away. The maternal grandfather of our subject was a lifelong resident of Scotland and following his death, his widow came to the new world, spending her last days in Knox county, her remains being interred in the John Knox cemetery. She had a small family, including Mrs. McQuie, Jeannette and William. In the family of John McComack, the paternal grandfather, were the following children: Samuel, Robert, Andrew, John, William, James, Elizabeth, Mary, Margaret, and Helen.

After crossing the Atlantic and making the long journey overland to Illinois, at a period when there were no railroads in this state, Samuel McComack settled in Persifer township, where he took up the occupation of farming, purchasing thirty acres of land. Subsequently he removed to Copley township, establishing his home near Oneida, in 1852, and there he died when seventy-two years of age. His wife survived him for two or three years and was eighty-four years of age at the time of her demise. Both were Presbyterians in religious faith and he became a charter member of the John Knox church, in which he long served as elder, taking an active and helpful part in promoting the church work. He also held various township offices and for many years filled the posi-

The last named was reared in Persifer township, amid the wild scenes and environments of pioneer life, for Knox county was then a frontier district, in which comparatively little settlement had been made. He, therefore, became a factor in the early progress and improvement here and until his fifteenth year spent his time upon his father's farm, attending the district schools and also pursuing his education for a short period in Monmouth College. He then resumed the occupation of farming, which he has followed throughout his entire life and in which he is still engaged although now seventy-two years of age. He continued to assist in the cultivation of the old place until his marriage, when he established his home on one hundred and sixty acres of land in Copley township. . This he improved and cultivated year after year, making his home upon that farm until 1895, when he removed to Galesburg, to occupy the present fine residence which he had erected the previous year. From here he has since supervised his agricultural interests and is now the owner of three hundred and twenty-five acres of rich and valuable land, which returns to him a gratifying annual income.:.

On the 24th of May, 1876, Andrew F. McCornack was united in marriage to Miss Ella B. Brown, who was born in Greene county, Ohio, November 26, 1845, a daughter of Robert and Jean (Carruthers) Brown. Her paternal grandfather was David Brown, who was married in Scotland, November 20, 1812, to Euphemia Fletcher. He was then twenty years of age, having been born in Berwickshire, Scotland, October 6, 1792, while his wife was born in Selkirkshire, June I, 1788. Their children were Agnes, Robert, Walter and Magdalene. The maternal grandfather of Mrs. McCornack was John Carruthers, who wedded Mary Bell. They lived in Chillicothe, Ohio, coming there from Scotland with their children, and later were residents of Greene county, Ohio. They died when well advanced in years. Their family included Thomas, Sarah, Jean, William, James, Mary and Robert. '---^; ;:-.X>' - >:; ' L >':>^;

The parents of Mrs. McCornack were natives of Scotland and the father was only four years of age when brought by his parents to the United States, while the mother came in her teens. They were reared in Chillicothe, Ohio, and were married there, and their last days were passed in Greene county, the father .; dying in 1885, when seventy-four years of age, and the mother passing away in 1849. They had six children, of whom three reached maturity: John C., who is' now living in Jamestown, Ohio ; Thomas, of Coshocton, Ohio ; and Ella, now Mrs. McCornack. Following the death of the mother the father afterward married again, his second wife being Margaret McCornack. They had a family of six children, of whom two reached adult age ; Euphemia A., the wife of Warren Garrett, of Santa Cruz, California; and Andrew M. Brown, of Los y\ngeles.

To Mr. and Mrs. Andrew F. McCornack have been born two sons: Walter Roy, who is a graduate of the school of Technology in Boston, where he now follows the architect's profession ; and Clyde, who is a civil engineer for the Phoenix Bridge Company of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. The elder son married Lillian Amsden, and they have one son, Donald Amsden McCornack. The younger son wedded Mabel Robinson. ,' .- - . '>

Both Mr. and Mrs. McCornack are members of the Presbyterian church, in which he is serving as an elder. His entire life has been passed in harmony with his professions, and principles of integrity and honor have shaped his career and made him one of the representative citizens of this county. It would be difficult to find one who has more intimate knowledge of its history, for he has lived to witness the many changes which have been wrought and which have brought the county from a wild condition to its present state of development and prosperity.-: Those who know him - and he has a wide acquaintance throughout this section of the state - entertain for him the highest regard because his life has been well spent in devotion to duty of both a public and private character.

George H. Graham, a railway conductor living in Galesburg, was bom at Savannah, Georgia, July i, 1867, and is a son of Elisha J. and Marietta (Enochs) Graham. The father was born in Lexington, Kentucky, and the mother's birth also occurred in the Blue Grass state, the natal year being 1837. Elisha Graham learned the trades of coopering and carpentering in early life and about 1866 removed to Savannah, Georgia, becoming owner of a plantation in that locality, which he conducted for three years. On the expiration of that period he removed to Henderson, Kentucky, where he followed the carpenter's trade for a number of years. In 1899 he became a resident of Peoria, Illinois, where he again engaged in carpentering, being thus identified with building operations up to the time of his death, which occurred in March, 1894. His widow still survives him and is now a resident of Chicago. She holds membership in the Southern Methodist Episcopal church, of which Mr. Graham is also a member. His political views accord with the principles of the democratic party. This couple was married in Lexington, Kentucky, and unto them were born six children of whom George H, is the eldest. The others are : Carrie, Lucretia and Minnie, all now deceased ; Jennie, who is living with her mother; and Thomas, who has also passed away/. '

George H. Graham was educated in the schools of Evansville, Indiana, and began learning dentistry with Dr. Morris of that place, with whom he continued for a year. Finding the practice of the profession not congenial, he accepted the position on the Peoria, Lincoln & Decatur Railway as a brakeman, serving in that capacity for a year. He then entered the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company as brakeman and after two years was promoted to the position of conductor, in which capacity he has since served, now making the run between Galesburg and Quincy.

On the 23d of March, 1892, Mr. Graham was united in marriage to Miss Delia Briggs, a daughter of Joshua and Mallay (Flowerree) Briggs, of Hannibal, Missouri. Mrs. Graham was bom in Center, Missouri, September 27, 1872, was educated in the Louisiana (Mo.) Seminary and died on the 24th of March, 1911, leaving a son, Le Roy, who was born at Hannibal, Missouri, August I, :- 1894, and survived his mother for only seven days, passing away on the 3ist of March, 1911. Mr. Graham belongs to the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen and to the Order of Railway Conductors. His political allegiance is given to the democratic party and he is a member of the Southern Methodist Episcopal church. Practically all of his business experience has been in the line of rail- reading and that he is capable and trustworthy is indicated in the fact that he has long been retained in the service of the company which he now represents. Perhaps no corporate interest demands greater faithfulness and loyalty on the part of its employes than do the railroads, knowing that they must safeguard the interests and lives of their patrons and long continuation in railway service is therefore incontrovertible proof of efficiency and loyalty on the part of an employe.

Frank B. Mott, one of the well known members of the state labor commission, who has been in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company for twenty-eight years, was born in Galva, Henry county, this state, on the 24th of September, i86i. His parents were William Henry and Jane Elizabeth (Hill) Mott, both natives of Dutchess county. New York, the father's birth having occurred at Poughkeepsie, on the I5th of March, 1836, and that of the mother at Lafayette, September i8, 1836. William H. Mott, who was a blacksmath. came west in 1853, locating at Wethersfield, Illinois. He remained there for a few months then returned to Dutchess county, where he and Miss Hill were married on the 2Oth of January, 1854. Very soon thereafter he and his bride came to Illinois settling at Galva. There he established a shop and followed his trade during the remainder of his active life. When the call came for troops during the early days of the war he enlisted as a member of the band of the Forty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, remaining at the front until the close of hostilities. After receiving his discharge, he returned to Galva and there resided until his death on April lo, 1904. The mother is still living and now makes her home in Brooklyn, New York, where her three youngest sons reside. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Mott numbered five, as follows : William Irving, who was born on March 24, 1860, and died on the gth of May, 1890; Frank B., our subject ; Oscar H., who was born on the 3d of December, 1863; Walter H., whose birth occurred on June 6, 1867; and Valentine E., whose natal day was the I7th of June, 1871. In matters of religious faith the father was a Baptist and the mother a Congregationalist, while fraternally he was affiliated with the Grand Army of the Republic and the Masonic order. He was a stanch republican in his political views, and one time served as deputy sheriff of Henry county. In the paternal line the Motts trace their family back to the early colonial days. William Henry Mott was a son of Henry, who was born in Dutchess county. New York, on February 8, 1812, and married Margaret Denton. His father was William Mott, whose natal day was the 4th of December, 1787, and he in turn was descended from William Mott, who was born July 4, 1753, and married Letitia Lasee. whose birth occurred on the 25th of May, 1755.

It was in the public schools of Galva, this state, that Frank B. Mott received his education, his student days being terminated at the age of thirteen years. He began to work out as a farm hand, but later gave up this vocation and went to work in a drug store, in Galva, where he learned the trade. On the I7th roading and that he is capable and trustworthy is indicated in the fact that he has long been retained in the service of the company which he now represents. Perhaps no corporate interest demands greater faithfulness and loyalty on the part of its employes than do the railroads, knowing that they must safeguard the interests and lives of their patrons and long continuation in railway service is therefore incontrovertible proof of efficiency and loyalty on the part of an employe.

Frank B. Mott

Frank B. Mott, one of the well known members of the state labor commission, who has been in the emjiloy of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company for twenty-eight years, was born in Galva, Henry county, this state, on the 24th of September. i86i. His parents were William Henry and Jane Elizabeth (Hill) Mott, both natives of Dutchess county. New York, the father's birth having occurred at Poughkeepsie, on the I5th of March, 1836, and that of the mother at Lafayette, September i8, 1836. William H. Mott, who was a blacksniith. came west in 1853. locating at Wethersfield. Illinois. He remained there for a few montlis then returned to Dutchess county, where he and Miss Hill were married on the 2Oth of January. 1854. Very soon thereafter he and his bride came to Illinois settling at Galva. There he established a shop and followed his trade during the remainder of his active life. When the call came for troops during the early days of the war he enlisted as a member of the band of the Forty-seventh Illinois \'olunteer Infantry, remaining at the front until the close of hostilities. After receiving his discharge, he returned to Galva and there resided until his death on April lo, 1904. The mother is still living and now makes her home in Brooklyn, New York, where her three youngest sons reside. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Mott numbered five, as follows: William Irving, who was born on March 24, 1860. and died on the Qth of May. 1890; Frank B., our subject: Oscar H., who was born on the 3d of December. 1863; Walter H., whose birth occurred on June 6. 1867; and \^alentine E., whose natal day was the lyth of June. 1871. In matters of religious faith the father was a P.aptist and the mother a Congregationalist. while fraternally he was affiliated with the Grand Army of the Republic and the Masonic order, lie was a stanch republican in his political views, and one time served as deputy sheriff of Henry county. In the paternal line the Motts trace their family back to the early colonial days. William Henry Mott was a son of Henry, who was born in Dutchess county, Xew York, on February 8, 1812. and married Margaret Denton. His father was William Mott, whose natal day was the 4th of December, 1787, and he in turn was descended from William Mott, who was bom July 4, 1753. and married Letitia Lasee, whose birth occurred on the 25th of May, 1755.

It was in the public schools of Galva. this state, that l-'rank 15. Mott received his education, his student days being terminated at the age of thirteen vears. He began to work out as a farm hand, but later gave up this vocation and went to work in a drug store, in Galva, where he learned the trade. On the I7th of January, 1883, he came to Galesburg and obtained employment as a freight brakeman on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. He discharged the duties of this position until 1887 when he was promoted to that of conductor, and he is now, and has been for some time, running to Mendota.

On the 28th of November, 1888, Mr. Mott was married to Miss Dora Morgan, a daughter of Joseph and Harriet (Dunn) Morgan, of Gladstone, Illinois. The parents are both natives of Kentucky, the father's birth having occurred in Bracken county, that state, in the vicinity of Louisville. Mr. and Mrs. Mott have one daughter, Vera M., who was bom at Gladstone, Illinois, October 8, 1889. .;

Fraternally, Mr. Mott is affiliated with the Brotherhood of Rail Trainmen, being a charter member of Galesburg E)ivision, No. 24, in which he has held all of the offices. He also belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, Galesburg Lodge, No. 894, and the Modem Woodmen of America, Galesburg Camp No. 667 ; and Mrs. Mott is a member of the Advent church. His political support is given to the republicans, and he is a member of the board of supervisors. All matters affecting the welfare of the working classes eng^e the interest of Mr. Mott, who is a member of the Illinois State Labor Commission, and as such devotes much time and attention to those vital questions pertaining to the conditions that surround the laborer and involve society generally.

In the long years of his residence in Galesburg Dr. Aaron G. Humphrey has '.- engaged in the practice of medicine and has also become well known in connection with his activities along horticultural lines. He resides at No. 325 Division street, in the midst of a twenty-acre fruit farm, on which he has made his home since 1890. He was bom in Lancaster county, Ohio, about fourteen miles north of Columbus, July 19, 1832. His parents, Aaron Gordon and Betsey (Starr) Humphrey, were natives of Connecticut and the former when a lad of about six years accompanied his parents on their removal from the Charter Oak state to Ohio and grew to manhood in the vicinity of Columbus. There he was married and engaged in farming. He also became a local minister of the Methodist church and during the greater part of his life divided his time between agricultural pursuits and the preaching of the gospel. In 1840 he removed westward to Iowa, settling in Cedar county upon a farm two miles south of Tipton. That district was then comparatively new and unsettled and, while taking an active part in its agricultural development, he also contributed to its moral progress through his teachings as a minister of the Methodist church. Later, however, careful study led him to embrace the doctrines of the Universalist church and he was ordained as a minister of that faith in Iowa City, Iowa, preaching his own ordination sermon. He became well known as a representative of that denomination in eastern Iowa, preaching the gospel as he interpreted it to the time of his death, which occurred when he was seventy-seven years of age. His wife passed away when about sixty-five years of age. Politically he was a radical whig and several times served as chairman of the conventions of his party. He also delivered many public addresses in support of the principles which he advocated and was a recognized party leader in his adopted state. Unto him and his wife were born ten children, four sons and six daughters, Lurinda, Philo D., Chester C., Aaron G., Lucinda, John W., Sophronia, Laura, Emily . and Eliza.

:'.. ' Of this family Dr. Humphrey, the fourth in order of birth, was a young lad when he accompanied his parents on their removal to ,Iowa, where he continued his education as a pupil in the Congregationalist school at Davenport and afterward in the Baptist Seminary of Mount Carroll, Illinois. He also engaged in teaching for about three terms in Iowa. With his first wife he went to New York city, where both studied medicine and surgery in the Hygiotherapeutic College, from which both were graduated. They afterward opened a health institution at Lancaster, Ohio, where they practiced for several years, and then came to Galesburg, opening a similar institution in this city in the northern part of the town. About fifty years ago Dr. Humphrey removed to the Lombard fruit farm in the southeastern part of Galesburg and in connection with the conduct of his health institute also engaged extensively in horticultural pursuits, conducting his fruit farm until 1890, when he removed to his present residence - a comfortable, two-story frame dwelling, standing in the midst of a twenty-acre tract of land devoted to the raising of vegetables and fruits. Here he conducted his health institute for about ten years but since that time has practically lived retired, giving his attention only to the raising of fine fruits and fine poultry, which work he carries on through the aid of an assistant. He has. ever been a close student of the scientific methods of fruit-raising and is a life member of the State Horticultural Society. His broad reading and study and his practical experience have made his opinions largely an authority upon the production of various kinds of fruit in this section. In the course of years he accumulated an extensive library on horticulture, which he has now given to two colleges.

More than a half century ago Dr. Humphrey lost his first wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah R. Randall and was a daughter of Richard Randall. On the i6th of February, 1868, he married Lovina Swartzendruver, a daughter of Christian and Catharine (Berges) Swartzendruver. Mrs. Humphrey was bom in Wayne county, Ohio, October ii, 1844. Her maiden name indicates her German ancestry. Her paternal grandparents were Vincent and Mary (Brennemann) Swartzendruver, who spent their entire lives in Germany. Her maternal grandparents were Christian and Christina (Gingerich) Berges. The parents of Mrs. Humphrey were natives of Waldeck, Germany, and in early life came to the new world. In i86i they removed to Davis county, Iowa, where her father died at the age of eighty-three years, while her mother reached the advanced age of eighty-eight. They were the parents of ten children, all of whom lived to adult age, namely, Susan, John, Elizabeth, Fanny, Mary, Daniel, Solomon, Rebecca, Christian and Lovina. As previously stated, the last named became the wife of Dr. Humphrey in 1868 and they have one son, Albert S., who is teaching the art of expression and public speaking in the Westport high school of Kansas City, Missouri. He is a graduate of the Columbia School of Oratory, now the Columbia College of Expression of Chicago, and for seven years was at the head of the department of expression in Knox College at Gales- burg. Dr. and Mrs. Humphrey attend the Universalist church and for many years he has been affiliated with the Odd Fellows society and is a past grand of Galesburg lodge. His political allegiance has been given the republican party since its organization and in former years he was somewhat active politically, serving as alderman of the city, also as a member of the board of health for a number of years and as city physician for some time. In past years he has been a frequent contributor to the press, writing numerous articles for medical journals, free-thought magazines and agricultural papers, as well as for the local press. His articles have always shown originality, careful investigation of the subject discussed, and a breadth of vision that has awakened the interest and attention of many readers.

Charles M. Hawkinson, who has been a resident of Galesburg for twentyone years during which time he has been identified with the building interests, first in the capacity of a carpenter, later as a contractor and now as the owner and operator of a planing mill, was born in Kronoberg (laen), Sweden, on the 24th of April, 1872. He is a son of Hoken and Bertha (Anderson) Nelson, also natives of Sweden, whence they emigrated to the United States in 1887. Upon his arrival in this country Hoken Nelson, who is also a carpenter, came directly to Galesburg, and very soon' thereafter obtained work in the lumber yard of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. He continued in their employ for twenty years, but is now living retired in Galesburg. The mother passed away in March, 1911, at the age of seventy-one years. She was an earnest member of the Swedish Lutheran church, with which the father is also affiliated. Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Nelson, three of whom are still living as follows : Charles M., John A. and Jennie. The paternal grandparents were Mr. and Mrs. Nels Tjell, both of whom passed their entire lives in Sweden, his death occurring at the age of eighty-three years and hers at eighty-two. Five children were bom to them, among them : Hoken, the father of our subject ; Carl and Jans.

Having remained a resident of his native land until he had attained the age of eighteen years, Charles M. Hawkinson obtained his education in the common schools, which he attended until he was fifteen. He then laid aside his text-books and began his apprenticeship as a carpenter, continuing to serve at this trade until he took passage for America in 1890. Upon his arrival in this country he came directly to Galesburg to join his parents and here he has ever since resided. When he first came here he obtained employment at his trade and for some years thereafter worked under the supervision and direction of others. He is a skilled mechanic, however, efficient and capable and as he applied himself painstakingly and conscientiously to any task assigned him, soon established a reputation for trustworthiness and reliability as well as good workmanship, that is a most valuable asset to any craftsman. Thus he was subsequently able to begin working independently and for six years successfully engaged in contracting. In 1910 he decided to extend his activities along another line and established a planing mill that he has now been operating for more than a year. Although he has been identified with this industry for but a brief period, it has been of sufficient length for him to make some estimate of the probable development of the undertaking, and judging by present indications he has every reason for feeling most encouraged and Hopeful regarding the future of his business. Mr. Hawkinson has the advantage of knowing the local conditions from first hand, and he also enjoys a wide and favorable acquaintance among workmen, which has been of inestimable assistance to him in the upbuilding of his factory. At the present time it requires the services of from two to five employes to fill the orders and his trade is constantly increasing in a most gratifying manner.

On the 24th of September, 1902, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Hawkinson and Miss Ellen M. Nelson, who was also born in Sweden, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Nels Erickson. At the age of twelve years Mrs. Hawkinson emigrated to the United States, locating in Galesburg, where she was joined four years later by her parents and the other members of the family. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson, who are still residents of this city, are the parents of six children, as follows : Amanda, who is deceased ; Sophie ; Carl Oscar ; Hannah ; Swan ; and Ellen M., now Mrs. Hawkinson. Two daughters and one son have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hawkinson: Alice Sophie, Carl Wilfred and Marion Irene. -'-

In matters of faith both Mr. and Mrs. Hawkinson are Lutherans and hold membership in the Swedish church of this city, and in politics he is a Republican. He has never sought official honors, preferring to concentrate his energies upon the development of his own undertakings, in which he is meeting with a goodly measure of success. Mr. Hawkinson possesses the perseverance and determination and also the capability to attain prosperity and is so intelligently directing his present industry that it gives every assurance of becoming one of the well established and flourishing enterprises of the city.

David Willard Bradshaw

On the long list of Galesburg's honored dead appear the names of a number who rendered valiant service to their country in the darkest hour of its history, - men who faced the enemy's fire under conditions which tried the stoutest hearts. Among this number was David Willard Bradshaw, and through his valor and loyalty he rose from the ranks to become captain of his company. He afterward lived for many years in Galesburg, where he was known as a worthy and respected citizen. He was bom in Montgomery county, Kentucky, December 26, 1836. His education was acquired in the schools of his native state and when seventeen years of age he became a resident of Earmington, Illinois, where he learned the carriage-maker's trade. In 1855 he removed to Abingdon, Knox county, settling upon a farm, and to the cultivation of the fields he devoted his energies until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when his patriotic spirit was aroused and on the loth of August, i86i, he enlisted, joining the boys in blue of Company D, Seventh Illinois Cavalry. He left Knoxville on the 2d of September for Camp Butler and was soon promoted to the rank of first sergeant and in the spring of 1862 became a lieutenant of his company. Further promotion followed and in the spring of 1863 he was chosen captain, with which rank he served until honorably discharged on the I7th of November, 1865. His own bravery and loyalty inspired and encouraged men who served under him and made his military record a most creditable and worthy one.

When the war was over, Mr. Bradshaw returned to Knox county and his fellow townsmen, appreciative of his worth and ability, and feeling that a loyal soldier would also make a loyal officer in private life, elected him sheriff in 1866. He removed to Knoxville, where he resided until his term of office expired and then came to Galesburg, where he engaged in the livery business. In this connection he secured a liberal patronage, because of his earnest effort to please his customers and his straightforward dealing. The years brought him success as the reward of his industry and close application to business and with a comfortable competence he retired, spending his remaining days in the enjoyment of well earned rest.

On the 29th of May, 1868, Mr. Bradshaw was united in marriage to Miss Ella Cooley, a daughter of Zelotes and Julia Ann (Hanks) Cooley of Knoxville, Illinois. Her father was born in East Windsor, Connecticut, November lo, 1808, and was a son of Aaron and Chloe (Bidwell) Cooley, of whose four children he was the eldest. In i8i6 the family removed to Glastonbury, Connecticut, and Zelotes afterward learned the carpenter's trade in Hartford that state. Later he engaged in carpentering in Westfield, Massachusetts, but eventually abandoned industrial pursuits to enter commercial circles and established a grocery store in Poughkeepsie, New York. There he resided until September, 1837, when he left the east and came to the middle west, settling in Carthage, Illinois, where he formed a partnership with Alva Wheeler and again took up carpentering and contracting. They built the courthouse at Carthage, Illinois, and in 1839 came to Knoxville, erecting the courthouse of Knox county. Mr. Cooley continued in the contracting business until 1846, when, by the board of county commissioners, he was appointed treasurer of the county, which office he filled until the following year, when he was elected county clerk thus serving until December, 1852, He retired from office as he had entered it, with the confidence and good-will of all concerned. In the meantime he had taken up the study of law, which profession he practiced until his death. He became a resident of Galesburg in 1890 and needed no introduction to the people of this city because of his long previous residence in the adjoining village of Knoxville. In his political views he was a democrat, somewhat active in the work of the party, and in its councils his opinions carried weight. After seven years of residence in Galesburg, he passed away in 1897, having for a long period survived his wife, who died in 1868. They had been married, in December, 1833, and their family included Mrs. Bradshaw, who was born in Knoxville, March 14, 1844. Her education was acquired in St. Mary's Academy of that place and in 1868 she gave her hand in marriage to David W. Bradshaw. To them were born four children: Nellie, who was born in Galesburg and is now deceased; Cooley R., living in this city ; Vera Margaret, who is now the wife of Presson Waverly Thomson, of Los Angeles, California; and Fred, deceased.

Mr. Bradshaw always maintained pleasant relations with his old army comrades through his membership in the Grand Army post. He belonged also to the Masonic fraternity, which found in him an exemplary representative, loyal to its teachings, concerning mutual helpfulness and brotherly kindness. In his political views he was a republican but cared nothing for the honors or emoluments of office. He was always loyal in matters of citizenship, manifesting the same faithfulness to his country that he displayed when he followed the old flag on southern battlefields. He died February 12, 1893, when in the fiftyseventh year of his life, and the community lost a worthy and representative citizen, who throughout the long period of his residence here had enjoyed the friendship and high regard of those with whom he had been associated.

.. W. H. Montgomery, who is engaged in the operation of a fine farm of eighty acres on section 13, Persifer township, has the distinction of having served for thirty years as a school director in his district. He was born in Knox township, this county, on the I3th of December, 1849, ^^^ is a son of Zadok and Sarah (Church) Montgomery. His father, who was left an orphan in his early boyhood, was a native of Indiana, whence he came in 1837, at the age of twelve years, to Knox county with his brother. Here he completed his education in one of the subscription schools, subsequently turning his attention to agricultural pursuits. Immediately after his marriage he located on eighty acres of land in Knox township, that he had previously purchased, and 'there he engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He met with excellent success in both undertakings and ultimately became the owner of four fine farms in Iowa. In his political views Mr. Montgomery was originally a republican, but in his later years he preferred the jxjlicy of the populist party. He passed away at the age of seventy-five years and was laid to rest in Van Gilder cemetery in Knox township. The mother was a native of West Virginia and a daughter of Cyrus and Margaret Church, who were also bom in West Virginia. They came to Knox county during the pioneer days and located on a farm in Knox township, where they spent their last days. Mrs. Montgomery was sixty-six at the time of her death and she is buried in the family lot in Van Gilder cemetery. She was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church, with which she had long been affiliated. Her grandfather in the maternal line, John Williams, was a veteran of the Revolution, while her grandfather. Church, participated in the war of 1812. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Zadock Montgomery there were born three sons and seven daughters, nine of whom are now living. In order of birth they are as follows: Margaret, the wife of James Coburn of Iowa ; W. H., our subject ; David and John, twins, the former a resident of East Galesburg, and the latter formerly of Galesburg, now deceased; Martha, now Mrs. Moser, of Dahinda; Sabina, the wife of Henry Wyman, of Oneida, Illinois ; Mary, who married Walter Beaver, ^of Kansas; Jennie, the wife of George Gilbert, of Oklahoma; Clara, who married Allen Ramble, of the state of Washington; and Letta, now Mrs. Daniel Doan, of Iowa.

Mr. And Mrs. W. H. Moxtcdmeky

the Masonic fraternity, which found in him an exemplary representative, loyal to its teachings, concerning mutual helpfulness and brotherly kindness. In his political views he was a republican but cared nothing for the honors or emoluments of office. He was always loyal in matters of citizenship, manifesting the same faithfulness to his country that he displayed when he followed the old flag on southern battlefields. He died February 12, 1893, when in the fiftyseventh year of his life, and the community lost a worthy and re])resentative citizen, who throughout the long period of his residence here had enjoyed the friendship and high regard of those with whom he had been associated.

\V. H. Montgomer}'. who is engaged in the operation of a fine farm of eighty acres on section 13, Persifer township, has the distinction of having served for thirty years as a school director in his district. He was born in Knox township, tliis county, on the I3th of December, 18^9, and is a son of Zadok and Sarah (Church) Montgomery. His father, who was left an orphan in his early boyhood, was a native of Indiana, whence he came in 1837. at the age of twelve years, to Knox county with his brother. Here he completed his education in one of the subscription schools. subse(|uently turning his attention to agricultural pursuits. Immediately after his marriage he located on eighty acres of land in Kmxx townsbi]). that he had previously purchased, and there he engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He met with e.xcellent success in both undertakings and ultimately became the owner of four fine farms in Iowa. In his political views Mr. ^^ontgomery was originally a republican. but in his later years be preferred the policy of the populist party. He passed away at the age of seventy-live years and was laid to rest in \'an Cilder cemetery in Knox township. 'I'he mother was a native of \\'est X'irginia and a daughter of Cyrus and Margaret Church, who were also born in West \ irginia. They came to Knox county during the pioneer days and located on a farm in Knox tDwnship. where they spent their last days. .Mrs. Montgomery was sixty-six at the time <if her death and she is buried in the family lot in \'an Gilder cemetery. She was an active member of the Metbodist I-ljjiscopal church, with which she had long been affiliated. Her grandfather in the maternal line, John \\'illiams, was a veteran of the Revolution, while her grandfather, Church, particii)ated in the war of 1812. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Zadock Montgomery there were born three sons and seven daugliters, nine of whom are now living. In order of birth they are as follows: Margaret, the wife of James Coburn of Iowa; \V. H., our subject: David and Jdlin, twins, the former a resident of East Galesbiirg, and the latter formerly of Galesburg, now deceased: Martha, now Mrs. Moser, of Dahinda : Sabina, the wife of Henry \\'vman, of Oneida, Illinois: Mary, who married \\'alter Beaver, of Kansas: Jennie, the wife of George Gilbert, of Oklahoma: Clara, who married Allen Ramble, of the state of \\'ashington : and Letta, now Mrs. Daniel Doan, of Iowa.

\ W. H. Montgomery's schooling was confined to a few terms in the districts of Knox and Persifer townships, his text-books early being laid aside in order that he might assist in the support of the other children. Agricultural pursuits

. have always engaged his attention, and soon after his marriage he settled in Bureau county, Illinois, but later removed to Persifer township, where he has now resided for many years. He purchased the farm he now owns from his brother, David L. Montgomery. He has made extensive improvements in the place during the period of his ownership, having erected all of the buildings now standing, in addition to which he has effected many minor changes. His

* fields have always been devoted to the raising of such cereals as were best adapted to the soil and climate in connection with which he also raises stock.

In all national elections Mr. Montgomery votes the straight democratic ticket but locally he gives his support to the man he deems best qualified to meet the reqi'irements of the office, regardless of party affiliation. He has always taken an active and helpful interest, in governmental affairs in his township, and is now serving his second term as supervisor, having been elected on the v people's ticket. He has also served for four years as justice of the peace, was the township assessor for two terms, road commissioner for one and served on the school-board, the cause of education ever having found in him an ardent supporter.-: --_ ':''...-:---;:-'..'/-::-- :^'.'', :'^.'-^^--. -. >--':' ;:;l-;--..'.r -/ '-' -V'.'.--'.-:.