Lee County, Illinois - Chapter 11: The Bench and the Bar of Old Lee County, 1914

Nearly all of my young life was spent, as deputy circuit clerk, in close tovich with the lawyers of Lee county. And what a glorious flood of recollections sweeps over me the moment I try to select the first one to mention ! They almost kill themselves in the stampede to find expression first.

Lee county always has had a strong bar. Prom Edward Southwick, the first lawyer, down to the present moment, the lawyers of Lee have been kno\\Ti all over the state as men of great ability.

The lawyers of Lee have been a fearless lot of men too. How well do I remember the day the late Bernard H. Trusdell made a speech to a jury which was one of the most remarkable on record.

A certain community which he represented had been over-ridden by a lawless lot of hoodlums. They had terrorized the community imtil quiet, law abiding citizens became desperate and they called upon Bernard H. Trusdell to bring the cul]n'its to justice. Mr. Trusdell secured the indictment of certain members of the gang who had been especially vicious and Mr. Trusdell followed the case into association with the states attorney to give the prosecution the benefit of his legal mind as well as the benefits of his personal feelings in the case.

When he came to conclude the arguments for the prosecution, did he appeal to those jurors to do their duty"? Did he approach those twelve men in meekness, begging them to bestow a favor on the community? Did his words indicate that small favors might be accepted from that jury b}' way of compromise in case of a possible disagreement? Never! In conclusion, he raised a clenched fist; his eyes were aflame with indignation at the law- lessness of the defendants and he told that jury something like this: "The menibeis of this conmnmity were presented with two ways to treat this case. ()ne was a prosecution in court; the other was to administer the law themselves. They have chosen the former and now we exjiect .you to do yoiir duty as jurors. If you don't then I'll be one to shoulder a musket and with others, to settle it the other way."

And what red letter days were those when Mr. B. H. Trusdell locked horns with his brother, Abi'am K. Trusdell, today the patriarch of Lee county's lawyers! Brilliant, profound, fearless, tactful, forceful, by the time these two giants had finished their case, nothing had been overlooked ; not a single question of fact ; liot a line of law had been forgotten. They gave and took. Sometimes they rested on the verdict, but more often, the ease was followed until the court of hist resort liad declared for one or the other.

I have heard the old prosecutor, AlcOartney, of Sterling, say that when the Messrs. Trusdell were arrayed on opposite sides of a case, that that case Avas the l)est tried case he ever had heard and for one, he derived great }»roHt in listening to the trial.

I dwell upon the names of these two gentlemen, not because they were so gentle and kind to me, who as a boy was charged with responsibilities which if neglected, would lightly subject me to severe criticisms, but Ix'cause they were grand lawyers.

How many times ha\e I seen them peep over my shoulder in a pleasant, friendly way. to see if my summonses and writs were issued correctly! Not in a critical, pretentious, pedantic sort of way {o rattle me and then o]»en on me with a battery of verbal artilleiy they knew so well how to level at an o]iponeut, but as friends. The older, Mr. B. II., was a man of magniticent physique; of commanding appearance and yet with me, his gentle ways always were suggestive, accoui])aHied with his laying his arm lightly across my shoulders; he ne\er was impatient with me. And for the other, Mr. AIn'ani l\., what cannot I say? INIv preceptor! How faithfully he tut(»i'ed me! How ])leasantly he corrected my atrocious answers to hypothetical questions! How patiently too he guided my hand ihrouuli ihe intricacies of instructions and other documents! And then there came the day when I must go tt) Ottawa for tile bar examination ! With the same fathei'ly interest, although pressed for time, lie left lousiness to go with me to Ottawa and dress up my courage at critical times. And all for me, a boy of trifling abilities, heedless, inappreciative and slovenly. And too, he never credited that important trip as one designed fur my Ijenetit. The rather, he made the remark casually that he too must go to Ottawa to make some motions. It is true he made many motions before the Supreme court on that momentous da}', lint the trip was made for my benefit ; to see me through and he never left my presence until the ordeal was passed and we had returned liome.

Those were the men who made the Lee county bar famous. Such men gave it a name that must remain imi)erisha))le. Men afraid of no odds in a legal controversy, and }'et in the midst of a battle who could sa}' to a little boy: "May I troul)le you just a minute to hand me the files in this case f" How too would those older Lee county lawyers play jokes on one another; like boys almost. I can remember one occasion when John Stevens, the writer's father, was compelled to go to Springfield on a case pending before the Supreme court. Edwai'd Soutlnvick was of the party. Southwick was very dark. Southwick and Stevens were partners at the time too, but when jNIendota had been reached, and the passengers had gone into the dining I'oom foi' dinner, Stevens whis])ered in the ear of the landlord that a separate taljle should l)e })rovided for Southwick. No specific reason was given more than to nod and make a remai'k about his complexion. When Southwick attem]>ted to take a chair with his companions, the landlord took him by the arm and very gently hinted that he had provided a separate table for his colored guests. How the profanity did fly from Lawyer Southwick !

Perhaps I'd better not repeat the story of the bet John Stevens made with E. B. Stiles at a banquet, to the effect that he. Stevens, could eat Stiles' oysters. Nor had I better tell the reason why he was al)le to win. I may say, however, that Ste"\'ens Avon liis bet and ate Stiles' oysters.

Even the good old circuit judges knew how to laugh. Can anyone ever forget the trial of that same E. B. Stiles for maintaining a nuisance in the form of a hog pen on Third street, right in the midst of a dense population? F(U' reasons best known to himself, Stiles defended himself without the assistance of eoimsel. He appeared armed with a very exhaustive brief from which he quoted when he wished to emphasize a point. That famous brief was written by that prince of wits, Benjamin F. Shaw.

A man named Tooke, a nice old gentleman, bad the habit of asking for so many favors for his "Dixon Seminary" that be bad made himself tiresome to man}-. Stiles, when be bad reached a particularly strong point, affirmed his flight of oratory by opening bis brief with great dignity and begging permission to refer to "Tooke on Bores."

Did Judge Heaton tine the defendant for contempt? Never! Like any other human being he laughed a good old-fashioned laugh that nearly split bis fat sides. Aaron L. Porter, twice or thrice sheriff, once bad an exjjerienee with a wheelbarrow, and right under the observation of that same Judge Heaton, and later in the trial when Stiles bad a pai'tieularly ol^stinate bit of law to overcome, be opened up his brief again and asked the court to refer to "Porter on Barrows." Verily, never did court or counsel or defendant pi'esent a day of such delicious luunor as the celebrated Stiles Hog Case, in which the jury acquitted the defendant and at the same time presented him with a purse of a dozen pennies with which to hire a law.yer for the next offense.

Fiom the ^erv beginning of things, the services of Lee county lawyers were sought to go great distances to fight desperate cases. When the old Indian chief, Sba])boua, found himself helpless to combat the plots and countei' plots of Bogus Gates and his coterie of experts, it was Edward Southwick whose services were sought by the old chief. And Southwick went over to Shabbona's home in DeKalb coiuity and cleaned out the Gates crowd so eff'ectually that no member of it ever dared annoy Shali))ona thereafter.

While William Smith, bidtlier of the INlormon prophet, resided in Lee county, be bad been quick to perceive the abilities of the lawyers of Lee comity, so that when Joseph and Hyrum Smith were thrown into the Carthage jail, S. G. Patiick and Edward Southwick, were sent for, post-haste, to defend them. Of course it is well known that the Smiths were shot without a trial, and before Patrick and Southwick could reach Carthage; but the point is illustrated when the fact has l^een stated that Lee county lawyers were souglit. avIicu what might have been the biggest case of the state's history, was likely to be tried.

For a time, 1 was unable to determine wlio the first lawyer was to locate in Lee county. LTntil the September term, 18-12. when attorneys appeared for clients, the clerk did not name them ; but at that time, when a new peumausbip appeared on the records, the record writer began the custom of writing his records thus: "And Tiow comes the ]ilaintiff by , his attorney."

Nevertheless, at the first term of the circuit court, beyuu on the third Monday of Aj^ril, 1840, quite unintentionally perhaps, I found the name of Edward Southwick, associated with W. W. Fullei", attorneys for the defendant sheriff in the case of Charles H. Cajtman A'ersus Aaron Wakelee. I. N. Balestier was attorney for the plaintiff. The latter was a Peoria lawyer. Fuller was an Oregon lawyer and Southwick was a Dixon lawyer. This led me to belie\'e Southwick was the tii'st lawyer. Just when he came to Dixon is unknown, but it nuist have been about the year 1836, because he was admitted to the bar of Illinois Nov. 25, 1836. Subsequent correspondence proves incontestibly that he was I^ee county's first lawyer.

On Nov. 4, 1840, EdAvard Southwick appeared in court, and on his motion, William W. Heaton was admitted to practice, and so was AValter Merriman, who does not seem to be known as a Lee county lawyer. This would make him the second lawyer. Shepard (1. Patrick was admitted to practice, on the records of the clerk of the Supreme court, March 29, 1842, and the first time I found his name on the Lee county records, was under date May 4, 1843, when as senior member of the firm Patrick & Noble, he appeared in the Lee circuit court.

In the records for May 6, 1843, 1 find the name of Cyrus Chaml)erlain. as master in chancery of Lee county. If he was a lawyer he would come next to Southwick, ])ut no evidence exists that he ever i)racticed. Lorenzo Wood, who was admitted in Michigan, came to Dixon in 1842. Although his name always was included as a member of the bar, he never practiced. The same may be said of Roberts, of Roberts and Mackay. On Sept.'ll, 1843, I find also that Edward Southwick appeared in court and on his motion, John V. Eustace was admitted to j^iracticc.

Southwick seems to have led in practice from the beginning, his name api^earing in four-fifths of all the eases, as attorney for one side or the other. Other names, most of them unfamiliar, are Edwin R. Mason, S. A. Mason, Chase (was it Ceorge or Charles'?), May, Kellogg, Eraser, AVallace, Evans, Wells, states attorney. From the appearance of the dockets, one must decide that litigation was common. I found one case whose term number was 111.

But. to begin with, the first term of court, held in the schoolhouse on the third Monday of April, 1840, was presided over by Judue Dan Stone, of Galena. He will l)e remembered as the mem - ber of the Legislature, who with Lincoln, signed what was designed to be a protest against a slavery resolution, passed by the lower

House. Aarou Wakelee, was sheriff; Slieltou L. Hall, circuit attoruey and George W. Chase, clerk. The grand and petit jurors, selected by the county commissioners and mentioned in another place, with few exeei^tions, apjjeared and were sworn in. Those of the grand jui'v panel, who did not ai)pear, Avere Noah Bedee, David H. Birdsall and Peter T. Scott, and Judge Stone entered a rule on them to show cause why the}" should not be fined for contempt. I cannot find where they were fined, which makes it probable that they purged themselves.

Lee was attached to the Sixth judicial circuit Jan. 15, 1840, and the times for holding courts wei'e fixed for the third Mondays of April and September. The bonds of (lecn-ge W. Chase, clei'k, $2,000; Samuel Johnson, coroner, $2,000 and Aaron Wakelee, sheriff, $2,000, were brought into court and approved.

There must have been at least forty-one cases on the first docket, because one of that number, Charles Franks vs. Thomas H. March, bill for injunction, was reached.

The first ease on the docket was John M. Kinzie, the famous Chicago man of the early days, vs. William Wilkinson, appealed from Snuth (Jilbraith, a justice of the peace. It seems that Kinzie appeared at neither trial and so he was called in open court three times, and failing to appear, his appeal was dismissed, and the judgment of the court below, according to the practice of that day, was affirmed. A procedendo was issued and the costs taxed - the first case in the fee book - were $-1.17Vi.'-

While the Kinzie case was first on. the docket, case number five (5) was the first case in which a motion was made, at that term, entitled, William V. Bradshaw vs. James Dacey and Daniel Carpenter. Defendants asked to ha\-e the case dismissed, and the moti(»n was overruled.

Seven indictments were returned !»>- tlie gi'and jury; the first was against Zachariah Pliillips for kee})ing a gaming house; the second was against the same jxirty for keeping a billiard table; the third was against Jude W. Hamilton, for selling liquor without a license; the fifth was against Caleb Tallmage (shades of Blackstone and Kent ! It was Deacon Talhnage !) for selling liquor without a license ; sixth, John and Joshua Cutshaw, for selling liquor without license, and seventh against John B. Wilson, for forgery, coimterf citing and i)assing comiterfeit money.

Hamilton, with a man named Chapman, ran a store in the original John Dixon house in 1836. Their establishment was the first opened in Dixon. He is also reputed to have built the first frame building in JJixou, a little affair Avliicli sat close to the east wall of the brick building on the alley, First street, between Ottawa and Galena avenues, owned by George Downing and occupied by the American Express Company and another tenant.

Hamilton was foimd guilty and fined $10 and costs. Tallniage was found not guilty. The Cutshaws gave bond for theii' appearance and then defaulted it.

At this term of court, the first "lirst" naturalization papers were issued to Nelson Thurston, who declared his intention to become a citizen.

A sjDecial term was called for the first Monday of November, 1840, at which the cases on the docket had run up to at least one hundred and eleven.

Our old friend Frederick R. Dutcher, cut considerable of a figure at this term of court. He and Smith Gilbraith were the two justices of the peace, elected at the first election held for the purpose and it seems he married a couple without having a marriage license. The circumstance must have cut a great figure in contemporaneous history, because he was indicted three times at this term and once in ^Nlay, 1843 ; but he got away from it all after considerable litigation. A party named Knowltou was his attorney. On SejDt. 19, 1842, Michael Fellows, our first recorder, first appears on record. He was made deputy cireiut clerk on that day by G. W. Chase, the clerk.

In 1856, James K. Edsall, who subsequently l^ecame Attorney- General of the state, came to Dixon from Kansas, where he had been a member of the Legislature.

In August, 1855, a directory printed in a newspaper called the Daily Whisper, contained the following list of Dixon lawyers: 1\ R. Danna, John Stevens, John V. Eustace, Heaton and Atherton, J. D. Mackay, S. G. Patrick, Frederick A. Soule and Edward Southwick. Lorenzo Wood slK)Tdd be included, although he and Danna nor Soulc practiced actively. AYood. liowcvei'. in 1849. had his sign out in Dixon, as a lawj^er.

In 1845, a correspondent writing for a Rockford paper, made the statement that there were six lawyei's in Dixon. They were so far as known Edward Southwick, S. G. Patrick, Silas Noble, William W. Fleaton, John V. Eustace and Lorenzo Wood.

John Y. Ei;stace later, in 1856, became a member of the Ijcgislature. He introduced a bill making a new circuit, which was passc^l and he became judge of that circuit from the ranks of Lee countv attorncvs. He served until 18()1. when Judgc^ AYilliam W.

Heatou was elected, ^^'hell the law establishiug the appellate courts was passed, Judge Heatou was appointed to the appellate bench and became the first presiding judge for the first, Chicago, distiict. He died in 1878, while in office and Judge John V. Eustace was elected to fill the vacancy. Judge Eustace died in office and Judge John 1). (Jraljtree was elected to the office and very soon was elevated to the appellate bench for the second district. He too died in office and Judge Farraud was elected to the office which he has held ever since. Thus it will be seen Lee county has furnished a circuit judge e^'er since the year 1856, and an appellate court judge for two of the districts of the state.

From the Lee county bar, Solomon Hicks Bethea was made a judge of the United States district court, in Chicago. Sherwood Dixon, S. H. Bethea, Charles B. Moiiison and William B. Sterling, all occupied the position of United States district attorney, the first three for the northern district of Illinois and the last named for the State of South Dakota.

William Barge tot) was one of the big lawvers of Illinois. He enjoyed a very large practice and was known the state over as a lawyer of great learning and power. To come to the present bar of Lee county, it ranks as it always has raidced. The present dean is Abram K. Trusdell, wlio has retired from active work to enjoy a competency he has reserved from a large and active practice. The firm name is Trusdell, Smith and Leech. Mr. Clyde Smith has fought and won in the highest courts, and that too, lately, some of the most important cases which have come before them. ^Ir. William L. Leech, the junior jjartner, resides in Amboy.

In the celebrated Miller case, Mr. Clyde Smith won the distinction of securing in the laws of evidence, a new rule, of such importance and potency that not (^nly has it been adopted as a leading case on "handwriting," but all text books liave incorjioratt'd it in theii' new editions. The law schools too teach evidence of "handwriting by ('oni])arison," from the ])rinciples Mr. Smith established in the Miller case. This ease today enjoys as much fame as the celebrated "rule in Shelley's case" enjoyed of old.

Hiram A. Brooks and Clarence C. Brooks, as Brooks & Brooks, enjoy an extensive business. 1\L-. IT. A. Brooks is regarded as one of the strongest trial lawyers in Illinois at this "|)eriod. J. W. Watts, who is the head i>\' the law schodl. is niost deejdy learned in the law, and lie is kiKiwii I'ar and wide. The graduates from his law school occupy important positions bcrorc the bar in half the states of the Union and several othei's arc upon the state and national benches. Still others are today United States attorneys. Recently the alunnii of his school foi'med themselves into a society and many met in Dixon to enju}' a banquet.

Henry S. Dixon and George 0. Dixon, as Dixon & Dixon, suns of Sherwood Dixon and great grandsons of John Dixon, occupy prominent positions as lawj'ers. Their father Avas recognized as one of the foremost lawyers of his time, and they enjoy the heiitagc; of that name as well as the support and contidence of a large clientage, made up largely of big corpoi'ations, like the Illinois Central and Northwestern steam railroads and the local Intra Mural Surface I'ailroad between Dixon and Sterling, as well as our big Illinois Northern Utilities Company. As successors of the lirni Dixon (Sherwood) & Bethea, Morrison & Bethea, and Morrison, Bethea & Dixon (H. S. ), Messrs. Dixon & Dixon came into a fine practici'. One thing is most remarkable about these firms; Sherwood Dixon, S. II. Bethea and Charles B. Morrison, in the order named, were made Ignited States district attorneys for the northern district of Illinois, from continuations of the same partnership. Edward H. Brewster is in the enjoyment of a splendid practice. Associated with him is his brother, C-harles \V. The foimer was states attorney and is the legal adviser of the cement company, the biggest of its kind in the country. When big corporations want good lawyers they have lieen in thv habit of selecting Dixon lawyers. Foi' years Mr. John E. Erwin has taken the position of a leading criminal lawyer of Illinois. During the past year he has handled three of the most noted criminal cases of the state. Two of them were desperate. Probably for 1>lood curdling atrocity, the Doctor AYel)stei' case will rank first for long years U> conic and in each case he not only got his men oft' Avith their lives. l)ut in one instance he secured the liberty of his client.

Lee county has been fortunate in its public prosecutors, especially Avith Messrs. C^harles B. Moi'rison, Edward H. Brewster, Charles H. Wooster and Harry Edwards. These gentlemen made great reputaticms. Mr. Wooster lives in Aml^oy and he enjoys one of the largest practices in the coiinty. George P. Goodwin was another of the old time big lawyers of Lee county. When he became commissioner of the land department for the Chicago and Northwestern railroad, he left active practice. On his death. Judge Crabtree took the ])Osition, Imt })referring active practice he returned to Dixon and latei" wa^ elected state Senator and then circuit judge.

James K. Edsall was elected state Henator first and that office was made the stepping stoue to tlie more important one of Attorney-General which he held for two terms. In that office he made a great name as a lawyer and in the United States Supreme court records, his name will be found associated with some of the noted Illinois litigation. While in Dixon he was employed by the son of Lewis Clapp to light the will of that testator. Judge Eustace presided and he decided in favor of Mr. Edsall's contention to the effect that an executor could not be endowed with the discretionary power given in this will. Thus an estate of something like half a million dollars, passed to the son instead of to the erection of an agricidtural college. Lewis Clapp, at his death, was the richest man in Lee county.

For careful and very able effort in the management of cases, Messrs. Wingcrt & Wingert have no superiors before this or any other bar. Their defense, last smnmer, of Dr. S. M. Green, indicted for manslaughter, was generally admitted to be one of the masterpieces of trial work. The jur.y acquitted Doctor Green. But whatever the case may be, common law, chancery or criminal, they are the same clear, close and able men and by the time the case has been digested, it is safe to say not one solitary point has escaped their observation and study. The statement that they are splendid lawyers will bear repetition many times.

John P. Devine is walking rapidly to the front as a lawyer of the first abilities. Last year he was elected representative in the Geneial Assembly and what is unusual for a new member, he was placed upon the most important conunittees in the House. To him Governor Dunne looked for sup])ort in the many trying emergencies which arose and in not one single instance did Mr. Devine err in judgment or Avaver in his support of the Governor's efforts to pass reform bills. His i-emarkable i-ecord has given him a commanding po])ularity and influence in the state.

Albert H. Hanneken, one of the younger members of the bar, has reached a strong ])osition in a marvelously short period. His ])ractice already I'caches the vobiuic that many of the old time practitioners never realized to their very last clays.

At one time in his career, a criminal had been charged with the conunissioii of an offence from which no escape seemed possible. He liad i>artici])ate(l in the theft of a \alual)le aiitomobile. He had been cauglit red handed, in assigning him counsel, it was assumed as a matter of course he would be convicted and so would make a fit subject for one of the younger lawyers to ]U"actice on.

Accordingly Mr. Hauuekeu was selected. To everybody's astonishment he selected his jury with a discretion and a vim that indicated a tight of the first magnitude. Over a day w^as cousmned in the trial of the case and when the jury returned their verdict, it acquitted Mr. Hauneken's client and convicted the co-defendant. Other incidents at the same tei'ui happened, just as important and to the average layman, just as unusual. That ended abruptly, Mr. Hanneken's apprenticeship and today he occupies a position which is impregnable.

City Attorney Mark C. Keller, by reason of a long list of special assessment cases, and the s^iecessful management of them, has won the reputation of being one of the strongest lawyers of the bar. It is his privilege to boast that he never has been beaten in one of his cases.

Mr. G rover AV. Gehaut is the yonngest member of the bar toda}'. In most instances it is the experience of ,youBg lawyers to wait long and patiently for business. Mr. Gehant is a notable exception to this rule. In less than a year's time he found himself engaged in some of the biggest cases on the calendar. By reason of the long illness of Mr. A. C. Bardwell, the master in chancery, in whose office Mr. Gehant had l^ecome installed, it fell ti» his lot to unravel some of the knottiest problems the chancery docket presented and he did it in a masterful way. Net results : he was immersed in business immediately.

Messrs. A. C. and Henry C. Warner enjoy the largest probate practice in the circuit. The senior member in his yotniger days was deputy count}' and circuit clerk and deputy treasurer and it is not saying too much to pronounce him the best probate lawyer in Northern Illinois.

And here is another phenomenon which the Lee county bar presents. I may safely challenge any other comity to reproduce anothei' such instance.

Down in the southeast township of this county a little village of perhaps six hundred souls, stands. It is surrounded l)y a land virtually flowing in milk and honey. Its i:»eoi)le are wealthy, almost to the last person.

In that couteuted, law-abiding connnunity is stationed Charles F. Preston, the lawyer who enjoys the most lucrative i^ractice in Lee county. Bj' sheer ability, honesty, sobriety and industry, he has won this brilliant distinction and I beg to assert that he has met for years, foemen worthy any wariior's steel. Three counties, Lee, LaSalle and DeKalb, pay tribute to him almost reverentially.

Purposely I have reserved this place for one of the best loved men who over lived in this comnmuity. The first letter of his name is the first in the alphabet, and I suppose I should have begun with him. As one of the very first of our citizens, I suppose I should have selected his name as number one. As a continuous resident of Dixon since 1854, how may I excuse this delay'? In delaying this little reference, I may have shown wretched taste. But I am sure the reader will iidt convict me.

Jason C. Ayres has been a member of the Lee comity bar for long years. He never has practiced actively, because of the large interests which year after year have engaged his attention otherwise.

He is president of the Dixon National Bank. He is a large real-estate holder. In the process of building up his large fortune, othei's reposed such confidence in him and his judgment that drafts for amounts almost unlimited, drawn by Mr. Ayres, would have been lumored at siglit. Of such men, the Lee county bar and the Lee county jx'ople are proud.

Thirty-se\'en years ago a couple of youngsters from Lee county presented themselves before the Supreme court for the bar examination. Their pulses ran high. They passed. Both Mxe in Lee county t(»day. One lives in Aniboy, one in Dixon. The first is my very dear old friend, .1. E. Lewis, tried and true and generous ; the dean of 7\mboy's lawyers. And there too may be found Charles H. Wooster, P. M. James. Charles E. Ives and William L. Leech, able, strong, successful; the two Charlies - boyhood friends as true as steel.

Numbers never made things l)etter. Amboy ranks second to Dixon nmnerically, biit in Amboy will be found a little city with as many loyal, royal i^eople, man for man. as in any connmmity under the sun, and of those i)eo])le, you will })ardon me if, with my lifetime of association with J. E. Ijcwis, Charles H. Wooster and Charles K. Ives, members of flic Lee countv liar. I am drawn a