Livingston County, Illinois - The whole text, 1878 (part 25 of 25)

9, 1822, and came to La Salle Co. in 1854, and to this place in Fall of 1861 ; has two children - Alonzo H. and Clarence E. Mr. J. is one of a class of men who live for the good of living, not only for himself, but for others. He has a beautiful home in a beautiful grove, and one of the very nicest of firms, and well knows how to enjoy it ; he has been a prosperous farmer, and Is first Supervisor and held the office several vears, is now and has been for many years the Assessor ; he is an active political man, always being very zealous for what he thinks to be right. The Tp. was named in honor of him. He is one of the loading men in the county ; he was on the lake for many years, and for several years fommandod the vessel ; so this is his first f'arniins;, and he has succeeded well.

ALBERT HARRIS, farmer; P. 0. Dwight. Republican. Has eighty acres of laud on Sec. 8, and valued at $40 per acre ; he was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., July 3, 1838, and came to La Salle Co., in 1853 and to this place in 1868. He milrried Laura Reeder, daughter of Joseph Reeder, Nov. 12, 1861 : she was born. in Wisconsin. Sept. 22,' 1842. They have four children - Nora, Edna and Edwin (^twins ), and Luella. Mr. H. has a good farm, is a Very intelligent man, and has a very promising familv of children. He was in the l(l4th Illinois Vols., from La Salle Co. ; made a good record as a faithful soldier ; he was with lien. Sherman on his march to thcsea, in the Uth Army Corps, and served three vears.

THADDEUS S. LITTLE, farmer and carpenter ; P. 0. Dwight. Republican ; German Reform. Has 160 acres on Sec. 6. valued at §35 per acre ; he was burn in Adams Co., Penn., April 1, 1829, and came to Franklin Co. in 1838, and to Livingston Co., 111., in 1864. Mr. L. has never been married. He worked at his trade until he came onto his farm ; he bus improved it, and now has a good farm and well located ; Mr. L. is a good citizen, a kind neighbor and an honest man ; his great grandfather was born in Alsace, German-France ; his German name was Kline ; he came to this country very early ; his grandfather was born here, and was one of the brave men of the Revolution, and left a proud record for his children.

JA]MES ED. MORRIS, farmer ; P. O., Dwight. Republican; Baptist. Has 161 acres of land on Sec. 6, valued at §40 per acre ; he was born in Westbury, Wilts Co., England, June 21, 1815, and came to Canada in 1831, and to this place in 1858. He married Charlotte Carey, Aug. 22, 1843; she died June 17, 1852; they hid four children - William, En. s Susan and Enoch. For his present wife, he married Mary Carey, in La Salle Co., Oct. J 3, 1854 ; she was born Aug. 1, 1834 ; they have eight children living - Emma, Lydia A., James E., Seth, John H, Sarah, Hannah and Benjamin. Mr. M. has been here almost from the first, and improved his farm from the raw prairie ; he has grown up with the country, and kept pace with destined not only to shine as a farmer, but they have two children - Arthur, bor: July 6, 1872; Everett, born Oct. 7 1874. Mr. R. is a young man of promise; came here and bought an old farm, one of the very best in the town, and is making very valuable improvements, and by his energy and advanced ideas of farming is

ARNOLD McMILLEN, farmer; P. O. Dwight. Independent. Has 160 acres of land on Sec. 36 ; he was born in Fayette Co., Pennsylvania, Jan. 26, 1839, and came to Bureau Co. in 1865, and to this place in 1870. He married Susan Walker, in 1864; she was born in Fayette Co., Pennsylvania, in 1841 ; they have six children - IdaB., Frank. Carrie, Thomas, David A. and Jesse R. Mr. McM. is one of the thorough men and farmers in the town ; has a fine, well-improved farm and knows how to work it ; he is one of the leading men ; has held different offices in town, and is now, and has been for a long time, a very competent Highway Commissioner ; he has an industrious family of children, and desires to give them a good, practical education.

SOREN OLSON, former ; P.O. Dwight. Republican ; Latter Day Saints.^ Has 160 acres of land on Sec. 22, valued at $45 per acre ; he was born in Norway, Dec. 18, 1835, and came to La Salle Co. in 1836, and to this place in 1867. He married Sophia Danielson Dec. 9, 1858; she was born in Norway, June 25, 1841 ; they have six children living - Charles, Thomas, Sarah Ann, Nephi, Sophia and Jacob. Mr. Olson is one of a very few who have built a fine residence ; a nice barn, and otherwise made substantial improvements ; his farm is one of the best, and he is one of the best and most advanced farmers in town ; his reputation is among the best as a reliable man and a very useful citizen.

CHARLES H.RAY5I0ND, Jr., farmer; P. 0. Sullivan Center. Republican. Has 160 acres of land on Sec. 27. valued at $40 per acre ; he was born in Kendall Co. April 29. 1849, and came to this place in 1874. He married Mary E. Goodale, Oct. 15, 1871 ; she was born in 1851 ; tional. Has 160 acres of land on Sec. 30; he was born in La Salle Co., Oct. 24. 1840,' and came to this place in 1866. He mar-, ried Alice Hayward, Jan. 9, 1868; sh^ was born Aug. 25, 1842 ; they have four" children - William A., Mattie, Gertrude and Horace E. Mr. R.'s father (James Robinson), of La Salle Co., came into that county from Ohio, in a very early d^iy ; his son A. left the old homestead and came here when this was a raw prairie, and has made him a fine farm and pleasant home. He is the Treasurer of the township, ;ind is one of the most reliable men ; he is a good fiarmer, a good neighbor, and is everybody's friend, and is thus deserving.

JAMES N. REKDER, farmer, etc.; P. 0. Dwight. Republican ; Congregationalist. Has farms on Sees. 8 and 7 ; he was born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, Sept. 18, 1808, and came to Tazewell Co., III., in 1830, and built the first frame house in Pekin ; in 1832, he moved to Lacon, Marshall Co., where he built the first house and assisted in laying out the town ; in 1834, he moved to La Salle Co. and bought a claim on the Vermilion River, and remained on it for two years, when he moved to Troy Grove, where he took up a farm and started a blacksmith shop, hanging the bellows between two trees, which made the shop ; in 1 866, he sold out his place and bought where he now lives. He married M. A. Johnston Aug. S, 1830 ; she died May 9, 1859 ; they had seven children - David F., James H., Surah M., John J., Newton A., J. W., and Ella. He married W. A. Johnston 31ay 10,1860; she died Dec. 2, 1866. He married for his present wife Mrs. Sarah Wheatley, April 4, 1867. Mr. R. is one of the early pioneers of the State as well as of the township ; there were but some fifteen families in the township when he came ; he has built some fifteen or twenty dwellings, some of them among the best in the township; he has also iminovod thirteen farms in the State ; he has always been a pioneer, leading others into new territory, rather than following ; he could do the )>reaking, blacksmithing, making the cabinet work, and could build and furnish a house ; he has raised, educated and settled his large family of children in good homes and business, lie is a Deacon of the Congregational Church, and is a very zealous Christian man, and his influence for good is felt throughout the comnmtiity. The son of his present wife married his daughter, so he is step-father and fatherin-law.

JOSEPH REEDER, farmer; P. 0. Dwight. Republican ; Free Baptist. Has 12U acres of land on Sec. 8, valued at 3-40 per acre ; he was born in Warren Co., Ohio, Oct. 30, 1810, and moved into Hamiltiin and Preble Cos., and remained there until 1829, when he came to Tazewell Co., near Pekin ; in 1835, he moved into La Salle Co. and improved a fine farm ; in 1840, he removed into Greene Co., Wis., while it was yet a Territory, and improved a farm and remained there until 1856, when he returned to La Salle Co.. where he remained until 1875, when he came to this place and bought a very fine farm and home. He married IMargaret Lindley July 25, 1835, in Pekin ; she was born in Salem, Ind., in 1816, and died in November, 1855 ; they have four children living - Rebecca, Fanny, Laura, and Ju.sephine. For his second wife he married Clarissa A. Harris, in 1859 ; she died in 1868. Albert Harris, son of Mrs. C. A. Harris, married a daughter of Mr. Reeder, so he is step-father and father-in-law by two marriages. In November, 1869, he married the widow of tFie late Dr. A. Gilbert, of Homer, La Salle Co., for his present wife. His daughter, Josephine, married C. H. Gilbert, Esq. (son of Dr. Gilbert), so he is step-son and son-in-law. Mr. R. has seen very much of border pioneer life, coming into the State among the very first ; in 1832, he w:is in the Black Hawk war, and participated in one serious engagement ; his pioneer history would of itself make an interesting book ; he has a fine farm and a beautiful home ; has been a very successful farmer and a liberal supporter of benevolent institutions and institutions of learning, and is just such a man as the world needs more of; he is perfectly happy , because he is perfectly contented ; he and his amiable wife are enjoying the fruits I if their labor, surrounded by their children and friends.

JOHN W. BENHAM, farmer and stock raiser ; P. 0. Pontiac ; was born in Addison Co., Vt., Oct. 10, 1824; when about 6 years old, he came, with his parents, to Sangamon Co., 111., where bis parents still reside ; he lived there until June, 1848, returning to Vermont, where he remained until Oct., 1849 ; he then went to California, via the Isthmus, spending about four months in Panama, and taking a Glasgow packet ; he was fifty-three days making the trip to San Francisco ; he sjient two years in mining, with good success, and then returned to Vermont, whence he came again to Illinois, in 1852 ; in 1855, be went with a surveying party to Kansas, to survey the boundary line between that State and Nebraska. He was married March 31, 1856, to Mrs. Melissa E. Porter, daughter of Heman Converse, of Addison, Vt.; they have one daughter - Genora E. He settled in Living: ston Co. in 1856, buying eighty acres of land, where he still resides ; he now owns 300 acres of land, valued at SI 5.000; he also owns business property and a dwelling in Pontiac, valued at $10,000. He served two terms as member of the Board of Supervisors and twelve years as Commissioner of Highways; he is a strictly temperate man, and has accumulated his wealth by a course of indu.'itry and economy.

came to this country in 1853, and settled in Ohio ; he removed from there to Piano, 111., and from there to Owego, where he now resides; he owns 200 acres of land, valued at $8,000. He was married to Miss Mary E. Myer ; she was born in Germany

March 11, 1833; they have had twelve children, viz.: John J., Anna E., Frederick William, Carrie J., Albert E., Mary A., Emma L., George H., M^ lissa E., Hattie B., Ernest S. and an infant.

LOUIS HOLLOWAY, farmer ; P. 0. Forrest; was born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, May 17, 1838 ; his father died when Louis was a lad of but 9 years; in 1855, he moved to Illinois, and settled in La Salle Co., near Ottawa ; here he engaged for several years at brick-laying and plastering. Jan. 8, 1862, he enlisted in an independent company of cavalry that was attached to the 53d I. V. I. ; he remained in the service until Feb. 19, 1863, when he was discharged on account of injuries received on the 25th of Sept., 1862 ; he participated with the regiment in the hardfought battle of Pittsburg Landing, and was present at the second attack on Corinth, Miss. In 18G8, he came to Livingston Co., and purchased 80 acres of land ; this he improved and still owns. He was married in 1858 to Miss Mary A. Brundage, a native of Pennsylvania ; has six children - Oscar A., Clarence M., Alice, Ida J., Harry and an infimt son. Republican ; Adventist. Has held the office of Road Commissioner six years ; that of School Director for the past ten years ; was elected Justice of the Peace in the Springof 1876, and reelected to the same office in the Spring of 1877. Now owns 120 acres of land, and is a very successful farmer.

[This subject is of such importance to the citizens of Livingston County, tliat we insert a few extracts from articles written by H. W. S. Clevehmd, Esq., landscape gardener, Chicago.]

Very few people whose interests are not directly connected with agriculture or its products have any realizing sense of the effect of a wet or dry season upon the aggregate wealth of the region in which it prevails. The continued rains of the past season, in retarding the labors of cultivation and diminishing the })roducts of a single crop, may serve to open their eyes to the importance of the subject.

No one who has examined the subject will hesitate to give his assent to the proposition that a thorough system of underdrainage throughout the State would not only more than double its present productive power, but would give us at all seasons the inestimable benefit of firm and dr3' roads. A little reflection, however, will i-ender it manifest that legislative action is essential before any extende<l system of road drainage can be inaugurated. In the vicinity of rivers, or in an uneven country where it is easy to find an outlet within a short distance of the land it is desired to drain, there may be little difficulty for individual proprietors in draining any portion of their farms, though even in such cases it is by no means uncommon that a portion of the lowest and wettest land, which must of necessity be first drained, may lie within the boundaries of another proprietor, who is unable or unwilling to incur the expense of drainage, and thus renders it impossible for his more enterprising neighbor to do so. Of course the danger that such an obstacle may be encountered becomes greater in proportion to the size of the area. If a township or a county desires to inaugurate a system of drainage for the benefit of the residents within its borders, it may find its efforts defeated by the unwillingness of its next neighbors below. In short, it is as idle for a single town or county to attempt a thorough system of drainage without general co- operation as it would be for a single block in a city to undertake to manage its own sewerage. There is but one way in which it can be done. The .'^tate must be divided into drainage districts, the boundaries of which are fixed by the natural water-shed, without regard to county or township lines. Each district should then be placed in charge of competent engineers, who should be independent of town and county officers, and who should ascertain by actual survey the lines of lowest levels and prepare a design based upon these data, and showing the most effective and economical system by which the thorough drainage of the whole could be secured. The work of roa<l drainage of such vast areas of level country as are comprised within the State of Illinois demands the exercise of too much scientific knowledge and engineering skill to be intrusted to the local commissioners of the different counties. It should be controlled and directed by a special department, the head of which should be a man possessing the highest avnilalde engineering talent. Wherever the nature of the ground rendered it possible, the pipes which drained the highways should constitute the mains into which the farm drains could be conducted, and they should, therefore, be of sufficient size te meet all possible demands of the kind. With proper underdrainage, the roads might everywhere be kept in good condition at all seasons. The best mode of accomplishing this would doubtless be by means of a drain on each siile of the road. But a single drain under the center would prevent the possibility of its ever becoming sufficiently nuiddy to cause serious obstruction of travel. ,

It is obvious that such a system as I have suggested involves the necessity of legislative action, and the enactment of laws adapted to the special requirements of its execution. In fact, an amendment of the Constitution is necessary before the first steps can be taken toward its accomplishment f)y the General Assembly.

I propose now to set forth, in as few words as possible, some of the essential facts in regard to the practice of drainage, which every man should bear in mind who undertakes it. Open ditches m&j be, and often are, necessary auxiliaries to a system of underdrainage, and especially in a very level country, where, in many cases, the final outlet may be at a great distance from the field or farm which is to be underdrained, or where the accumulated water-shed of a large area is too large to be contained in tiles.

When it is found necessary to construct them, they should always be made with sloping sides> and the most natural slope is the one which is most likely to be permanent and this is found to be at an angle of about thirty-four degrees with the horizon.

Tiles must be large enough to carry off all the water which may come suddenly in a storm or by the melting of snow, so that there may be no surface washing. The main must be large enough for any possible demand : and in determining its size, the possibility of future extension should always be borne in mind. *

The capacity of pipes, however, increases in the ratio of the squares of their diameters. A twoinch pipe carries four inches of water, but a four-inch pipe carries sixteen inches, or just four times instead of twice as much as a two-inch. In draining extensive marshes or swamps, it may be necessary to use tile of very large dimensions ; but in the ordinary sloughs which are found on the prairie farms, a four or six inch pipe will suffice for the main, and nothing whatever is gained \>y using tiles of a larger size than is necessary, while the cost is very much greater. A good deal of misapprehension prevails on this subject, owing to the disappointment of those who had first used pipe that was too small, and were then ready to go to the opposite extreme.

A letter now lies before me from a zealous advocate of drainage, who says that "large tiles are the best, for they are not so apt to fill up, and then they take the water oif so much faster. The larger the body of water in the tile, the cleaner it will keep it."

There are fallacies in this argument of which the writer will become convinced by further experience, for his knowledge of tile draining has been gained within a year. His last statement is doubtless correct, but the body of water cannot be increased by the use of larger tile, and its liability to deposit silt is increased just in proportion as it becomes shallow in the pipe. Moreover, if it deposits silt or sand at all, it is only a question of time when the pipe shall become choked, and the largest pipe will be insufficient to withstand a constant influx for any great length of time. If, at any season, the amount of water is larger than the pipes can carry off, it is obvious that they are not large enough ; but when there is no sign of an overflow, and the first rush of water speedily subsides after a hard rain, there can be no object in using larger pipe.

"The size of the mains should be sufficient to convey, with such fall as is attainable, the greatest quantity of water that may ever be expected to reach them. Beyond this, an increase of size is rather a disadvantage than otherwise, because a small flow of water runs with more velocity when compressed into a narrow channel than when broadly spread, and so has more power to force its way and carry before it obstructing substances." - French's Farm Drainage, page 192. Exact form and even surface are of ftir greater imjiortance than is usually supposed to prevent friction and facilitate the flow of water. The tiles should be straight, even, smooth and hard burnt. The latter point, and the iipportance of having them made of good material cannot be too strongly v.rged, because farmers are liable to be tempted to buy tiles on account of their low price, which prove a ruinous investment, crumbling and falling to pieces after a little time, and rendering the whole outlay useless.

I have witnessed so much vexation and annoyance from this cause that I can hardly find words to express my sense of the importance of making sure that only the best of clay is used and that the tiles are thoroughly burnt.

Drains are liable to fail from other causes. Unless the outlet is carefully guarded, it is always in danger of injury from the treading of cattle and the pranks of boys ; and on this account the outlets should be limited to the smallest possible number, and in every case should be protected by a strong and durable inclosure of plank or stone, and a net-work of wire, to prevent the entrance of mite, moles, frogs, snakes and other vermin, which are sure to seek a harbor in them if left open.

The general topography and character of the soil of the prairies is so much alike, that for the greater portion of the farms in Illinois the rules for drainage are identical. Almost every farm is intersected more or less by low, wet tracts, known as sloughs, the intervening uplands being generally only gentle elevations, and rarely obtaining the dignity of hills. The sub-soil is generally clay, which is not unfrequently compressed into -- hard-pan." which is nearly impervious to water, but speedily becomes ameliorated by drainage, which necessarily causes alternate distention and shrinkage, and after a time works a complete change in its character. The sloughs, except during the heats of Summer, are impassable beds of mire, and are incapable of cultivation ; but when drained, become at once the richest portion of the farm.

It is in the sloughs, of course, that the main drains must be laid, beginning at the outlet, or lowest point, and working upward, preserving always the longest possible stretches of straight lines, and making angles, or curves, only where it is absolutely necessary.

And it is of the utmost importance that these mains should, from the outset, be large enough to carry all the water that may be brought to them by side drains or by future extension.

Comparatively few farmers have yet extended their lines of tiles beyond the sloughs and wet grounds which demand immediate attention. They follow the course of the slough from the outlet to the head, or to the highest point within tiieir own bounds, laying a four, six or eightinch tile for a main, and then connecting any outlying pools or wet places with it by a lateral or smaller size. The day is not distant, however, when the beneficial effect of drainage of uplands will be as universally acknowledged as that of the sloughs has already become.

The effect of drains in ameliorating the soil and preserving an equal degree of moisture, by means of the ventilation they afford, is but imperfectly comprehended by the mass of farmers, who think only of the necessity of removing standing water. They think it unnecessary to provide artificial means for removing the water when it is not seen to stand upon the surface ; but in reality, it (in the great majority of cases) is held in the soil to such an extent as to be greatly injurious to the growing crops. If drain tile are lai.l at intervals of forty or fifty feet, the effect will be that the water from heavy rains will speedily pass off, and the soil, instead of remaining soggy and dead, will become friable and easy to cultivate : and as the water runs off, its place is supplied by air. which keeps it light and porous, and in times of drought imparts to it the moisture with which, even in the driest times, it is laden, and thus prevents it ever becoming baked in clods, as clay land is sure to do if undrained. The most obstinate clays are so affected by drainage that they crack and crumble, and become annually more loose and

The distance at which drains should be laid from each other depends greatly upon the nature of the soil. In a porous soil, the deeper the drain is laid the farther it will draw ; but clay soils cannot be thoroughly drained unless the drains are within twenty or thirty feet of each other, however deep they may be laid ; and in any case, the further the water has to pass through soil to reach the drain, the longer it will be in doing it.

Probably few farms in Illinois would now pay for laying drains on the uplands at less distances than one hundred feet: yet I venture the prediction that no man who tries the experiment of laying them at that distance, in the ordinary soil of the prairies, will rest satisfied till he has introduced another midway between every two of those that were first laid.

In regard to the depth of drains, three feet is the least that .should ever be a.lmitted. and no man who has tried three and a half or four feet will ever stop at less without a feeling of self-reproach. But in some cases, the depth must necessarily be governed by the amount of fall. The first point to ascertain is the lowest point at which an outlet can be secured without risk of back-water by the rising of the stream or pond into which it empties ; for it is obvious that the grade of all the drains must be dependent on this, and the folly of attempting to arrange any portion till this is established is plain.

A fall of three inches in one hundred feet, or half an inch to a rod, will suffice for perfect drainage : but in all cases of slight fall, it is of vital importance that the drains be straight and smooth. It is desirable to preserve as even a grade as possible, and it is of essential importance that no hollows should ever occur v^here the water would stand if not pushed on by that which follows for in every such instance it will flow out of the joints instead of in, and will speedily become choked by silt, which is sure to be deposited in such places. The mains should be from three to six inches lower than the laterals, so that the latter may never have the water set back by standing water in the main.

All writers ao-ree that it is best to have as few outlets as possible. " Every where else the work is protected by the earth above it, but at the outlet it is exposed to the action of frost, the treading of cattle, the mischiefs of boys,' and the entry of reptiles, as well as the accumulation of deposits brought down by the drains themselves." Iron pipes set in masonry, with swing gates, are the proper finish for important outlets, and it is obviously desirable that they should be as few in number as possible.

The following table may be found convenient for reference, by those who are considering the | subject of drainage. It shows the number of gallons which pipes of diiferent size will deliver! per minute, according to the rate of fall :

Gallons Discharged Per Minute Size Of Pipe

No tiles have been used long enough in the United States to test the question of how long they will last ; and in England, the only result that has been reached is, that it properly made and of the best material, and properly laid, they constitute a permanent improvement. It is important, however, that the farmers should fully appreciate the fact that the tiles should be made of the best potters' clay, unmixed with any inferior material, and thoroughly baked. " The value of tiles," says Klippart, " depends upon the quality of the clay and the perfection of the burning;" and he relates a case in France, where drain tiles made from potters' clay were found in a good state of preservation, after being laid 340 years. Tiles which are manufactured of inferior clay, or common clay mixed with a portion of better quality - which is not an uncommon practice with some manufacturers - are not only less durable and more likely to crumble, but, owing to the roughness of the interior surface, are much more liable to become clogged than those made of potters' clay.

The almost inexhaustible supply of the very best quality of clay at Whitehall, in this State, has led to the establishment there of numerous and very extensive manufactories of stoneware, roofing and drain tiles, fire brick, etc., situated immediately on the line of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, and thus rendered easily accessible from all parts of the State. There are also extensive manufactories at Joliet and elsewhere. Demand will create increased supply, and competition will tend to improvement on the part of honest manufacturers, and also to the multiplication of shams on the part of those who would undersell them. With proper exercise of judgment it is not difficult for the farmer to distinguish between them. It should always be borne in mind that men who have attained a high reputation for the excellence of their manufactures have a great deal more at risk from deterioration than the mere capital invested in their machinery.

Directory Of Tax-Payers Pontiac City

Pontiae Sentinel. Atterberry, Jas. C., Station Agent Paducah Junction. Anient, Cj rus W., land dealer. Anient, William T., lawyer. Anderson, John J., plasterer. Aerl, Robert, live-stock dealer. Adams, Mrs. Helen, Postmistress. Avery, O. F., DeT)uty County Clerk. Anable, Samuel ,J., clerk. Atwood, A. D., carpenter. Agen, John, Laborer. Allen, H. A., foundryman. Bigelow, L. H., carpenter. Bigelow, Charles L., carpenter. Burgess, Thomas, laborer. Blackmore, Henry, livery and feed stable. Boulter & Wyman, livery and feed stable. Babcock, llutus W., C & A. Station Agt. Babcock, Judson AV., groceries. Babcock, H. ()., dlr. in agricu'l implem'ts. BalK'Ock, Albert J... groceries. Barton, William, laborer. Barton, Jose])h L., barber. Bay, (ieorge W., carpenter. Bay, Wm. C, house and sign painter. Bond, F. H., shoemaker. Black, John, groceries. Brunei", John W., capitalist.

Tax-Payers Of Livingston County

Fender, Siiuon, carriage maker. Fillmore, Huling & Co., dry goods. Foster, Ro1)ert F., plasterer. Furznian, Win. H., real estate iX ins. agt. Fillmore, Millard, dry goods dealer. Fi'anklin, William L., blacksmith. Fender & Hills, carriage makers. Gore, William, farmer. Gregory, ^Irs. Ann, restaurant. Greenman, E. O., lumber dealer. Gaylord, Horace, pliysician. Greenebaum, Henry G., banker. Greenebaum & Bro.,dry goods & groceries Graber, Henry, wagon maker. Gunsul, Henry B., livery and feed stable. Gunsul & Blackmore, omnibus line. Gaff, James H., blacksmith. Gray, Benj. W., harness & saddle maker. Gilbert, C C., bakery and confectionery. Gore, Henry W., clothing. Gore & Evers, clothing. Grandy, Truman E., groceries. Garatt, Smith M., lawyer. Humiston, Bennet, farmer. Hartshorn, Thomas C, farmer. Harding, Alfred E., lawyer. Hoover, John W., groceries. Ilannaman, Peter Si., groceries. Hallara, Charles, retired farmer. Hayes, Mrs. Helen, retired farmer. Hoover & Co., grocerie.^. Holmes, William H., carpenter. Hodge, William, house and sign painter. Houchin, Solomon, liotel and restaurant. Hobbs, Lewis H., retired farmer. Hol)l)s, Henry C, hardware and agricultural implements. Holman, Thomag^ miller. Husted, James G., liquor dealer. Husted & Co., liquor dealers. Hertzberg, Samuel, clothing. Hertzbei'g Bros., clothing. Hunter & Pillsbury, groceries. Hank, Joiuithan, wagon maker. Herl)ert, Samuel, ice dealer. Holtzman, Samuel E., physician. Henry, Richard, laborer. Huber, Samuel W., meat market. Holland, Martin, laborer. Houseworth, J. T., cooper. Hunter, Charles B. Hobbs, Frank ()., clerk. Heiskill, Felix, clerk. Hemstreet, Mrs. Malinda. Henry, James, retired farmer. Harris, G. W., laborer. Hornbaker, AVilliam, blacksmith. Howland, G. B., photographer. Icenburger, J. W., Baptist clergyman. Johnson, Morris, retired farmer. Johnson, Mrs. Morris. Johnson, Mrs. Rebecca. Johnson & Stuff , proprietors Free Trader. Johnson, Edden M., editor Free Trader. John, Reason M., land agent. Jenkins, AVilliam H., Circuit Clerk. Journdt, August, tailor. Johnson, Peter, physician.

Pontiac City

Stewart, Samuel, physician. Stack, John, butcher. Schwarz, Peter M., cigar manufacturer. Schultz, Ernst P., liquor dealer. Storey, W. H., photographer. Shaw, George W., laborer. Sims, W. S., lumber dealer. Springer, Uriah A., engineer.

Fairbury Village

tailor. Shepherd. Mel., broom makei". Sheppie. Henry, laborer. Sharp. David, laborer. Shively. B. W.. laborer. Stephens, T. J., carpenter. Sclienk, J., 1 taker. Sheaff. J. A., marble dealer. Straight. L. F.. wagon maker. Scibird. J. IL. photographer. Shover. Tacy, :Mrs.. milliner. Shepherd, Xathaii. justice. Shepherd. D. B.. dairyman. Sheppie, Elizabeth. Mrs. Smith, S. W., farmer. Smith, J. G.. agricultural imp. dealer Shepler & Kavanaugh. saloonists. Skean. John, carpenter. Stoltz. W. 11.. tailor. Sackett. l'.. Mrs., boarding house. Sharp. John, miller. Stafford. II. II.. clerk, post office. Stafford, W. K.. clerk. Scouler, Thomas, saloon keeper.

Trerize, William C, photographer. Thompson, John, miner. Titus, Jesse, retired farmer. Thornton, Jacob, baker. Thornton, Edward, liotel. Thornton, John, laborer. Tracy, L. C, laborer. Thompson, Jolni, lal/orer. Thompson, M. J., harness maker. Thompson, C. B., agent. Talbert, George, laborer. Virgin, John, Postmaster. Van Dorn, W. H., express agent. Virgin & Brown, importers. Vantoble, Jacob, carpenter. Veach, J. W., laborer. Valentine. H. W., farmer. Vanover, J. M., laborer. Westervelt, J. L., farmer. Walton, C. S., laborer.

Odell Village

Angell, Ethan, farmer. Alford, C B., physician. Allen, Enoch, carriage maker. Abbaduska, George, painter. Ames, David, farmer. Aerl, Alvaro, lumber dealer. Axt, Charles, jeweler. Anderson, E. C, laborer. Ansorge, E., clothier. Bishop, Ezra, blacksmith. Badger, Mrs. Lucy. Booskirk, S., painter. Beck, J. M., butcher. Bolenssifer, F., merchant. Boulter, Charles, farmer. Bennister, T. ().. physician. Boulter, Ed., liveryman. Buchanan, William, carpenter. Bucher, Nicholas, saloon keeper. Conn, A. J., farmer. Close, John, farmer. Cole, S., furniture. Conarton, Thomas. Davis & Steep, butchers. Debrae, Ed., Constable. Desvoignes, A., harness maker. Desvoignes, J. P., retired. Deyo, Egbert, merchant. Drake, W. C, farmer. Eggenberger, G.. baker. Eastman, J. D., farmer. Eastman, C. D., farmer. Ford, S., (;lerk. Fores, James, broker. Fores, Victor, Jarmer. Finefleld, Charles, blacksmith. Funk, James H., attorney. Funk, A., insurance agent. French, H. R., teacher. Fairfield, A. B., capitalist. Foote & Whitney, merchants. Foote, Charles, merchant. Fairfield, J. ()., farmer. Fouger, Isaac, drayman. Gower, John, laborer. Green, L. L., farmer. Gebhardt, Charles, furniture. Houchin, Ewin, farmer. Hungerford, Charles, cigar makei-. Hennick, Charles, clerk. Hampton, John. Hallersberg, G. D. Huntei', James, blacksmith. Hunt, vSylvester, Postmaster. Howard, J. K., carpenter.

Houchin, William, farmer. Hamlin, J. K., laborer. Hossack, -lohn, grain dealer. Hossack, William, grain dealer. Jones, Emmett J^., merchant. Kenyon, George, merchant. Keniy^on, P. W., lumber dealer. Kidder, Joel, druggist. Kenvon & Gallagher, grocers. Matheison, C. H., farmer. Mattison, C., pump dealer. Morgan, A. R., Mrs. Munson, George, broker. McWilliams, John, broker. McCormick. Seth, wagon maker Millay, James, teamster. Morton & Gammon, merchants. McDonald, S. B., laborer. Mack, li., merchant. Metz, Peter, farmer. Nichols, Charles, farmer. Penney, S. H., banker. Penney, J. L., merchant. Pound, J. D., Justice. Puffer, R. R., carpenter. Pound, Thomas, farmer. Peinet, Joseph, grocer. Pope, Ichabod, farmer. Putnam, E. G., salesman. Premersdorfer, R., shoemaker. Robinson, Mrs. Polly Ray, J. H., hotel. Supplee, Z., merchant. Strawn, William, farmer. Southwick, M., drayman. Solon, Tliomas, saloon keeper. Sexton, A. D., farmer. Shultz, George, saloon keeper. Thompson, John, carpenter. Thomas, Giles, blacksmith. Thomas, D. M., farmer. Trobridge, James, livery. Upham, F. F., peddler. Vaughn, Ira, carpenter. Vincent, I. F., grain dealer. Vincent, Charles, grain dealer. Vaughn, Daniel, druggist. Vaughn, E. M., druggist. Vosburg, H., livery. Wright, Alonzo P., attorney. Wright, N. E., grain dealer. Wright, M. E., >[agistrate. Wisner, P., stock dealer. Wooley, Theron, farmer. Zwiefel, John, merchant.

Forrest Village

Beelie, K. I'., grain rnerdiant. I3r;inz, Ernst, gioceryman. Burgess. J.C. »S Son. grain dealer Bullard. L., Postniaster. Clement, Jennie. Carter, (leorge AV.. carp, ("oyner. .John A., farmer. Dietiker. .Tolin, butcher. Delatour, J. Ti., merchant. Deitrick. S., butcher. Dunliam. S. A., physician. Duckett, Daniel, physician. Dubois, John, groceryman. Fellows. James II , teacher. Furguson, W. H., shoemaker. Gray. Thomas, t'armei-. Geiger, John ^I., mercliant. Ilinman, J. B., merchant. Hoyt, 8. A., grain dealer. Jackson, AV. H , laborer. Jennings, 8. T., merchant. Kerr, T. J., merchant. Ledgerwood, James, farmer. Leay, John, laborer.

Business Directory

Augustine, Henry & Co., Proprietors Home Nursery, Normal, 111. Growers and Dealers in All Kinds of Fruit and Ornamental Trees and Shrubbery. The Snyder Blackberry a Specialty.

Agency of Joseph F. Culver A: Co. Loan money at 8 per cent, interest ; buy and sell Real Estate. Abstracts, Conveyancing and Insurance." S. W. Winans, Abstract Clerk," S. A. Davi.son, Insurance Clerk. Joseph F. Culver, Attorney at Law ; Mary M. Culver.

Gilbert, C. C, Palace of Sweets Bakery, Confectionery and Ice Cream Parlors. Oysters served in every style. Bread made by a new patent process. Pies and Cakes. The finest line of Confectionery in the city. One door north of the post office.

John, Reason M., Notary Public and Real Estate Agent, Lawrence Building ; will make Abstracts of Title, loan Money, do Conveyancing, make Collections and pay Taxes ; Wild Lands to exchange for Improved Farms in Livingston Co.

Johnson, A. K., M. D., Homoeopathic Physician. Office over Rugg & Reeds Hardware Store. Hours from 8 to 11 A. M.; 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 P. M. Residence at office.

Chicago, and C. Kock, successors to A. F. Fisher), Dealers in Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Pickets, Posts, Doors, Sash, Blinds, Lime, Hair, Plaster, Cement, etc.

Olney, R. & Co., Union Block ; Title, Abstract and Real Estate office ; loan Money, buy and sCTl Real Estate, make Abstracts of Title, draw Conveyances, etc., etc.

Stuff, Proprietors ; all kinds of Job Printing neatly done at low rates. Perry House, corner Mill and Howard streets, Wm. Perry, Proprietor.

Welch, R. B., Principal of Public Schools and author of "Common Sense applied to Numbers, or the Word System in reading columns of Figures, explained and exemplitied."

Block, Abstract and Loan office; furnish correct Abstracts of Title to all Lands in Living'Ston County ; Money loaned on Improved Farms ; Agents of ^Etna, Niagara & American Central Insurance Co.

31. D., U. S. Examining Surgeon, and H. E. W. Barnes, M. D., Assistant Surgeon 10th Bat. Ills. N. G.), Physicians and Surgeons ; Surgery and Obstetrics a specialty.

Physician and Surgeon ; treats all diseases incident to the human system ; special attention given to Chronic Cases and the diseases of Women and Children ; office over Allen's grocery store are doing a General Banking business i Loans made on Pieal Estate for Eastern and other parties ; Collections promptly attended to ; Foreign and Domestic Exchange sold.

Bruce, H. L., Insurance and Real Estate ; represents the following reliable Fire and Life Instirance Companies - Insurance Company of North America, Philadelphia ; German American, New York ; North British and Mercantile, London ; Franklin, Philadelphia ; Firemans Fund, California ; Springfield F. and M., Springfield, Mass. ; Imperial and Northern. London ; Scottish Commercial, Glasgow ; National Life, Washington, D. C; Continental, Hartford, Conn.

Elliott Bros., General Stock of Merchandise,' consisting principally of Dry Goods, Notions, Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes and Groceries, Masonic Block.

Kring, G. W., Patentee and Manufacturer of the best Check Rower now in use ; Improvements Pat. Feb. 15, 1876; no Side Draft, no Rope to shrink in wet weather, G.W. Kring is also Proprietor and Patentee of the best Riding Corn Cultivator in use, combining ease of draft with perfect work ; correspondence solicited.

Kimball, S. P., Dr., Druggist and Dealer in Pure Medicines, Chemicals, Perfumeries, Drug-s, Paints, Oils, Toilet Soajts. Pure Wines and Liquors for Medical use. Cigars, Tobacco, etc. ; Prescriptions carefully compounded at all hours.

McDowell, W. G., Attorney at Law and Notary Public ; Real Estate bought and sold, Taxes paid and Titles examined ; Pensions, Bounties and Government Land Claims a specialty. Special Agent for the sale of Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Lands in Kan.sas,

Mecord, S. D., Proprietor of Mecord's Stone Quarry, two and a half miles southwest of Fairbury ; a good quality of Building Stone supplied at reasonable rates ; also, sand furnished for building purposes.

MurdOCk & Clark, Attorneys at Law and Insurance and Collecting Agents (D. L. Murdock, State's Attorney, and A. J. Clark, Attorney at Law ) ; office two doors east of Post Office.

Potter, D. R., Proprietor of Grange Meadow Stock Farm, two and one-half miles southeast of Fairbury, Breeder of Imported Stock, consisting of Thoroughbred Short-horn Cattle, Draft and Roadster Horses, Berkshire Swine, Buff Cochin Chickens, etc.. Post Office, Fairbury, 111.

Stackpole, Wm. T., Real Estate Agent; established in 1866; Lands, Farms and Town and City Property sold and bought on Commission ; special attention given to purchase or sale of Western, Southern and Illinois Lands ; Loans negotiated. Titles examined. Exchanges made ; Contracts, Deeds, Leases, Mortgages, etc., correctly and car^'fuUy drawn and acknowledged, and an extended experience and faithful care given to the correct transaction of all business at the Agency or abroad ; charges reasonable, and Maps, Plats, Information and free to all.

Scibird, J. S., Editor and Proprietor of the Independent Blade, published every Saturday ; special attention paid to Local News; terms, $1.50 per year. A complete Job Printing Ofl&ce in connection with the Independent Blade, where all kinds of Commercial, Book and Poster Printing is done in a superior manner and at reasonable prices.

French Horses, Fairbury, 111., and Havre, France. Our facilities for importing Pure-Bred Horses can be surpassed by no one ; one of us residing in France, that being his home for the past twenty vears, and being intimately acquainted with nearly all the breeders of Percheron and Norman Horses, it enables us to buy much cheaper than strangers, and also to save the expense of traveling, interpreters and many other expenses. These advantages we propose to give to those wishing to purchase Pure-Bred Horses ; notwithstanding the sales recently made, we are prepared to supply the demand ; including two importations this season, we have in the past three years imported thirty-five head of as fine Horses as could be bought in France, and now have ten head of No. 1 horses for sale ; Correspondence solicited and promptly answered ; address John Virgin. Fairbury, Livingston Co., 111. Time given if required.

Walton Bros. We have selected our goods for this season's trade with unusual care, and are enabled to oflFer a more varied and extensive assortment than ever before ; our stock is full and complete in each department, and con-

Watson, Hoiden & Co., Lessees and operators of the Old Pioneer Coal Shaft. We are now prepared to furnish a better quality of Coal than ever before ofiered to the public, at reasonable rates ; all orders will receive careful and prompt attention.

Baker, C. M., Druggist ; Dealer in Stationery. Soaps, Perfumery, etc., also in Musical Instruments, Pianos, Organs, etc., and Ornamental Sign Painter.

Editor, and printer of practical experience ; a six-column quarto, non-.sectarian, devoted to the best interests of all classes of society ; circulation increasing. Price $1.50 per year. First-class job ofiice in connection.

Dwight Bank, Z. Tuttle, Pres.; S. Tuttle, Cashier. Transact.s a general banking business, buys and sells Foreign anil Domestic Exchange, sells Passage Tickets to and frura Europe. Prompt and careful attention given to collections, etc.

KenyOD, H. A., Books and Stationery. Proprietor of Kenyons Club Agency, News Depot and Circulating Library. Printed Stationery a specialty. No extra charge for business designs. School Furniture, School Books, Blanks, Notions, Toys, etc.

Palmer, C. L., makes a specialty of Superior Printing ; Publisher and Proprietor of the Diciglit Star. The latest and neatest styles of type, the best presses and most experienced workmen. First-class material always used, and prices as low as good w/jrk can be secured for anywhere. Address Star.

Roe, R., Mrs. Proprietress Floral Garden and Hut House. She keeps on hand from the best N. Y. Florists the full varieties of Calandrinia, Calceolaria, Camellia, Cactus, Carnation, Centauria, Fuchsia, Geranium, Gladiolus, Dahlia, and many others too numerous to mention. Prairie avenue.

Bangs, E. A., & Co., Dealers in Drugs and Medicines, Oils. Paints, t Glass and Putty. Dye-stuffs. Patent Mciicines. Wines. Liquors, ^'all Par.er. Gr'Xeries and Notions.

Bangs, H. ML, Main street ; Dealer in I'm^^s. Me<licines. Chemic-als, Oils. Varnishes. Paints. Glass. Putty, Fine Soaps, Perfumery, Dye Woods and Dye Stuflfe generally. Sponges, Brushes, and all other articles kept by Drug^ts generally. Physicians' Prescriptions c-arefullv comp-.^unded.

Billiard, J. T^ Dealer in Lumber. Sasli. Dxrs. Lime. Nails. Building Paper, Sand and Brick ; also dealer in Pressed Hay and Pumf>s. Office west of T.. P. & W. Depot.

Eosdick i Waiiace , Attorney and Cotmselor at Law ; will practic-e in Livingston and adjoining Counties. All legal business intrusted to my c-are will receive prompt attention.

Hall, W. S., Manufacturer and Dealer in Furniture, Looking Glasses. Picture Frames, etc.. Pianos. Organs and all other Musif-al Instruments.

Hall & Crane, General Hardware. Tinware, Sivves, Qaeensware. Staple and Fancy Groceries, Paints, Oils, Putty. Guns and Ammunition. Sole Agents tor Tascotts Enamel Mixed Paints.

Kenyon, N. C, Dealer in Newspapers. Periodicals, ."^ch'jol Books, Notions and Stationery. Orders for Books, etc., filled at Publishers' prices.

Roberts & Lantry, Hardware and Gr.xeries : we shall be glad to see you and cordially invite the Farmers to c-all and see our immense Stock of Goods.

Eumbold, Robert, Real Estate and Insurance Agent. .Etna, Hartford: Continental, N. Y.; The German. Peoria; Home, N. Y.; Hartford, Conn.; Washington. N. Y.; American Sentinel. St. Louis. Call on me and I will write vou up a pHjlicy at the lowest possible rates. Office with J. T. Bullard.

Shaw, D. E., Maj., Manufacturer of Shaw's Self-Regulating Star Wind Mill for pumping water for Farm and Railroad purposes, is unequaled in strength, durability, p«:>wer and regular motion. Patented Aug. 29, 1870. All orders should be addressed to Major D. E. Shaw.

Bcsixess Dikectort

Speicher, L. C, 3Iantt&ctnra- of Spring Wa^roas. Farmers deal with joar mechanics at home and it will always pay you. Plows polished ; Horse-shodng a specialty; Blacksmhhing of aO kinds done on the shortest nodee, and warranted. Gire me a ealL

Timm, Jolm, dealer in Ltunber, Dix.rs, Saih. Blinds. Lime, Hair. Cement, Sand. Nails, Building Material, etc. Office and Yard on Fifth street.

Torrance, G., Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Chanc-ery ; will praedee in all Courts of this State. Particular attention given to Collections. Office ever the post office.

\.trica and Provisions, Flour, Crockery. Glassware, Teas, Tobacco, Spices, Lamps. Liimp G'X>ds, etc., etc., near the comer of Fifth and Locust streets.

Walter, John. Dealer in Dry Goods Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes, Dress Goods, Prints, etc., etc. We have the largest and best stock of Groceries ever brought to Chatsworth which we are selling extremely cheap. We make a specialty of all brands of choice floor. Give us a calL

Wrede. Henry, Boots and Shoes, Keady-made or Made to Order. I am {Hepared to offer to dtflsworth and Tkinity the best ederted Stock of Boots and Shoes to be had in town.

Wyman, Justin H-, Dealer in Sta- ]de and Fancy Dry Goods, Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, CSothii^ Gents' Furnishing Goods, Cupets, Window Shades, OQ Cloths, ete.

DesVOigneS, A., Manufacturer and Dealer in Saddles, Collars, Bridles, Whips, Curry Combs, Brushes, etc. Buggy Trimming neatly done. Prices, bottom figures. Also Agent for the best Sewing Machines.

Pound, J. D., Justice of the Peace, Real Estate and Collecting Agent. Abstracts furnished. Money Loaned on Real Estate security. Office over post office.

Long Point

Phillip, Proprietors, where may be found a full line of Drugs, Patent Medicines, Stationery, Books, etc. ; also Choice Family Groceries. Customers will receive prompt attention, and find our goods First QuaUty.

Ancona

MathiS, G. W., Dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Glassware, Hardware and Notions. Streator prices paid for Country Produce.

Miscellaneous

Morris, John, Breeder of and Dealer in Fine Short-Horn Cattle, Poland- China and Berkshire Swine. A fine stock farm of 200 acres, with an abundant supply of never-failing spring water and good shade. Stock raised mainly for shipping. See. 3, Belle Prairie Tp. ; P. 0. Fairbury, 111.

Sieberns, H. E., Dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots and Shoes, Hats, Caps, Clothing, Drugs, Paints and Oils, Hardware, Crockery and Glassware. Waldo Tp. ; P. 0. Gridley, 111.