Mercer County, Illinois - Chapter 8: Military Affairs, 1914 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 8: Military Affairs

Mercer County furnished a few soldiers for the war with Mexico in 1848 - exactly how many is not now known, but it is believed that eight or ten men left the county and joined the companies or squads that were organized at Galesburg and Monmouth. The facts cannot now be learned. Many of the first settlers of the county saw service in the War of 1812 and a few in the Black Hawk war; and very probably a few of the earliest settlers participated in the Revolution.

The people of Mercer County were keenly alive to all the great issues involved in the political controversies during the few years immediately preceding the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidencv and the fall of Fort Sumter. Very few here believed at first that the election of Mr. Lincoln and hence the curtailment of the slave extension program of the South really meant war; but as the Southern States one after another passed ordinances of secession, seized the property of the government and otherwise showed their disunion designs, it came to be realized early in 1 86 1 that force would have to be used if the Union was to be preserved.

In pursuance of the recommendation contained in the message of the late governor of this state, that its citizens should speedily enroll themselves into volunteer military companies, and be in readiness to respond to any demand made upon them by their state or country, notice is hereby given that there will be a meeting at the store of A. Corken, Aledo, on Friday evening, January 18th, at 6.30 o'clock, for the purpose above indicated. Citizens of the county without respect to party are invited to attend.

Be calm! - We are probably passing a crisis in our national affairs that will severely try our patience, courage, equanimity and patriotism. The old Ship of State is in a storm, pitching and laboring, but she will outride it, and whoever sticks to her will come safe to the shore. We have no fear for the ultimate result, and we desire to exhort all to be firm and calm, doing nothing and saying nothing that will leave room for future regret. In times of excitement like the present we have need to take special care that we are guilty of no excesses in word or act. Stand fast by the Union, the constitution and the enforcement of the laws and all will be well.

In pursuance of this call a number of citizens assembled at A. Corken's drug store. Col. W. D. Henderson was made president of the meeting, and John J. Glenn, secretary. S. W. McCoy, J. H. Reed and J. F. Henderson were appointed a committee on resolutions. While they were thus engaged the meeting was addressed by Doctor Craig, who pointed out the importance of having military organization and portrayed the distracted condition of the country. Other speeches were made by Colonel Henderson and Messrs. Reed and McCoy. Doctor Craig, H. Scott and Doctor Coe were appointed a committee to report a plan for the organization of one or more military companies in this county and be ready to report at the next meeting to be held on the following Wednesday evening. The resolutions prepared, read and adopted by this meeting ran as follows :

Whereas, It is well understood that there are large portions of the citizens of several of the states of this Union in arms against our Government, repudiating its authority, trampling upon its laws, insulting its flag and committing the crime of treason under the name of secession, and

Whereas, It having been recommended by the late governor of this state, in his recent message, that our citizens organize volunteer military companies and place themselves in a position to respond to any demand that may be made upon them to put down rebellion, enforce the laws, uphold the Constitution and thus preserve the integrity of the Government, therefore

Resolved, That it is expedient for the citizens of this county to cheerfully and promptly respond to that call by organizing one or more military companies within its limits for the purpose above indicated should their aid in that direction become necessary.

On February 19, 1861, the Republican County Convention passed a long series of resolutions insisting that no compromises with the South should be made, expressing the greatest confidence in Lincoln's ability to handle the existing crisis, and expressing emphatic disap- proval of the conduct of Congressman William Kellogg "in his late compromise resolutions and his speech thereon" and demanding that he resign his seat that the voters of this district might elect a man who would carry out their will and wishes. At this convention there were men who favored compromises with the South, but they were greatly in the minority and accomplished nothing.

Early in February, 1 86 1 , the citizens of Greene Township held a preliminary meeting at Viola to consider the propriety of forming a military company. At this meeting B. C. Perkins presided. A committee of three was appointed to solicit members for such a company and the meeting then adjourned to assemble again on February 1 6th. Over the adjourned meeting G. L. F. Robinson presided. The committee reported the enrollment of fifty-nine names for the proposed company. Dr. J. V. Frazier was elected captain. The secretary of the meeting, C. S. Richey, was instructed to let the readers of the Record know that the people of Greene Township were Union men and were readv and willing to do their duty in upholding the Constitution. This was no doubt the first companv formed in the county for the war.

The plot to assassinate Mr. Lincoln on his way from Springfield to Washington roused the greatest indignation in this county. The act was denounced in severe language by the Record. That paper said :

The present administration has an herculean task before it. All its resources of wisdom, firmness and patience will be called into requisition. Its first duty will be an adjustment of our national difficulties in a manner that shall secure the integritv of the Government and at the same time preserve its dignitv. We have not seen Mr. Lincoln's Inaugural, but we venture the prediction that while it contains no word of compromise, it does not breathe coercion in the sense of sending an army at once into those states where madness and treason rule the hour. He will probably strengthen the old ship at every accessible point and embrace every opportunity that may arise to wipe out treason and its authors. Those who have expected, if there be such, that he will heal divisions by counselling concessions of principle and those who have anticipated that he will immediately blow up rebellion with gunpowder, have both alike no doubt been mistaken. But the work of redemption will be accomplished and Abraham Lincoln will be known in history as the second Father of his Country.

erally; so were those of Mr. Crittenden. But the Corwin resolutions which passed the House by the vote of 153 to 136 met the approval of all in this county who favored maintaining the Union. The democrats of this county openly insisted that compromises were the only measures that would restore the Union. The Force Bill in Congress, which provided for calling out the militia to suppress insurrections, repel invasions, etc.,' was favored here by republicans but bitterly opposed by the democrats. But in this county, as everywhere else over the whole country, individual opinions and principles were undergoing revolution and hence there was great diversity of everchanging thought. Meetings held at Keithsburg, New Boston, Viola, Millersburg and elsewhere showed wide divergence of political views. A so-called Union festival held at the Barton House, Aledo, on March 8, 1861, favored the "Union as it is," and advocated concessions. This was really a democratic meeting or a meeting that was opposed to coercive measures by the administration of Mr. Lincoln. There were present about fifty men representing that shade of thought.

After reading President Lincoln's Inaugural the Record said that it was one of the best that had ever been delivered ; that the president's duty had been delicately performed ; that the president was correct in denying the right of secession and in his determination to enforce the laws; that while President Buchanan for three months had repeatedly violated his oath of office, President Lincoln, under the same obligations, would fulfill all his duties; that while many would be pleased to have him violate his oath and permit the grand carnival of treason to go on unchecked until the Government should be disintegrated, there was every indication now that he would enforce the laws and uphold the Union.

In March, soon after Mr. Lincoln's inauguration, the rumors that Fort Sumter would be evacuated, caused great consternation here, where exactly the opposite course was expected. It was shown that the evacuation might become necessary if the Government was not permitted to provision the fort. On the other hand it was urged that it was the duty of the Government both to provision and to reinforce the fort. But all then saw that such a step would mean war . when it was hoped that diplomacy would accomplish the desired result without bloodshed, without evacuation of the fort and without causing the Government to commence the conflict. The defiant attitude of the democrats in Congress that Fort Sumter should not be reinforced caused intense indignation among the unflinching and

On April 1 6th came the news that Fort Sumter had surrendered to the rebels and that war had commenced. The news caused much suppressed excitement and all citizens anxiously awaited the next scene in the tragedy of war. Enthusiastic meetings in favor of upholding the administration and preserving the Union were held on the Saturday following at New Boston and Keithsburg. The former promptly commenced the formation of a company of volunteers, in fact led in this war measure, though Keithsburg was not far behind. Companies were also started at Aledo and Viola. Thus on Sunday following the call for 75,000 volunteers there were four companies well started in this county. A thorough military organization of the whole county was called for by the newspapers at Aledo, Keithsburg and New Boston. On the evening of April 16, 1 86 1, a crowd assembled at the Barton House, Aledo, to hear the news, and upon being told that war had actually begun and that Fort Sumter had been forced to surrender after a gallant defense, it was proposed to take down the two flag poles - democratic and republican - that had been erected during the political campaign of i860, united them, and raise aloft the stars and stripes on the combined pole. All agreed and the change was promptly effected on Friday morning, with a streamer at the top, bearing the words, "All for the Union." When the old flag was run up, all swore new and eternal fidelity to the Constitution and the Union and then listened to stirring and patriotic addresses from Judge Tyler, Colonel Henderson, Warren Shedd, Dr. I. Edwards, W. E. Riley and others. At this time nearly all men at Aledo admitted that party considerations should be sunk and loyalty alone be considered.

However, soon afterward, the Keithsburg Press, edited by Mr. Shouf, came out with scathing strictures on the course of the North. All republicans and many democrats so promptly and so emphatically resented this step that he subsequently modified his severe statements. A loyal meeting held at Aledo on Friday evening was addressed by J. C. Pepper, Captain Henderson, W. P. Baker and others. All the speakers favored saving the Union. At a called meeting held at the courthouse, Aledo, on April azd, a large crowd assembled to take action relative to the war. Colonel Henderson called the meeting to order and George Simms, of North Henderson, was made chairman and J. H. Reed, secretary. Rev. J. S. Poage offered prayer and the band played in spirited fashion one of the national airs. A committee of one from each township was then appointed to prepare resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting, as follows:

North Henderson, Nicholas Dowell; Rivoli, R. R. Cox; Richland Grove, Warner Kinsey; Suez, Doctor McClannahan ; Greene, W. M. Pinkerton; Preemption, J. Rodgers; Ohio Grove, W. I. Nevius; Mercer, George B. Burnett; Perryton, J. G. Gilmore; Abington, J. C. Main; Millersburg, J. Haverfield; Duncan, C. Vernon; Keithsburg, V. B. Shouf; New Boston, R. S. Cramer; Eliza, J. J. Hueston. While the committee were preparing their report the meeting was addressed byW. L. Campbell, Dr. E. P. Wood and J. H. Reed. The committee reported many resolutions which were adopted; they pledged earnest and willing support to the Federal Government; declared that party difference should cease until the Union was saved; promised that the stars and stripes should never be trailed in the dust if they could prevent it; extended sympathy to the earnest and insulted Union men in the South ; cordially welcomed the promise of Stephen A. Douglas that he would support the administration; pledged protection to the wives and children of all men who should volunteer from this county; and appointed. a committee of one from each township to carry out the promise contained in the above last resolution. After addresses by Rev. J. S. Poage and G. B. Burnett, the following committee was appointed as above: Keithsburg, R. C. Cabeen; New Boston, James Thompson; Eliza, D. F. Noble; Abington, Frederick Frick; Millersburg, R. Kiddoo; Duncan, A. R. Sutton; Ohio Grove, W. I. Nevius; Mercer, J. Mc- Coy; Perryton, J. G. Gilmore; Suez, Charles Caldwell; Greene, W. M. Carnahan; Preemption, H. M. Boone; North Henderson, Thomas Jones; Rivoli, J. W. Miles; Richland Grove, E. S. Roberts. The proceedings of this meeting were interspersed with patriotic music by the New Boston band. All sang the Star Spangled Banner when the meeting adjourned.

Following the call of President Lincoln for 75,000 volunteers, Governor Yates called for six regiments of volunteer milita for active service. This caused prompt action in this county. According to previous notice the volunteer company of Aledo and Viola met at Masonic Hall on April 27th and elected the following officers: Dr. W. D. Craig, captain; Hardy Moorhead, first lieutenant; A. T. Waterbury, second lieutenant; John A. Gilmore, third lieutenant; C. Doty, flag sergeant; John C. Welliver, sergeant; Russell A. Osborn, Archie S. Corken, Oscar Dungan and Joseph Hoover, corporals. The name "Union Company of Mercer County" was adopted. Of this meeting Thomas F. McClintock was chosen chairman and John C. Welliver, secretary.

The citizens of Keithsburg, irrespective of party ties, met at the old courthouse on April 20, 1861, to consider the call of the president for volunteers and to commence the formation of companies. W. J. Ungles was chosen chairman and W. R. Calhoun, secretary. The meeting was addressed by D. B. Ellett, Reverend Mills and J. C. Pepper. The latter, a strong democrat, took an eloquent and patriotic stand for the maintenance of the Union. D. B. Ellett, B. P. Frick, H. G. Calhoun, R. C. Cabeen and Isaiah Willits were appointed a committee on resolutions. While thev were out speeches were delivered bv Doctor Kelley and B. C. Taliaferro. The resolutions adopted declared it to be the duty of all patriots to aid in raising volunteers for immediate service; stated that the sense of this meeting favored the enlistment of all who could do so and pledged care of the families of volunteers during their absence. Volunteers were then called for and the following names were at once enrolled: Edward S. Bruington, Samuel J. Morrison, Hugh Campbell, Freeman Dorse, Sr., Hugh Morrison, Osborne Holland, Robert B. Ungles, Columbus O'Leary, George W. Elliott, A. H. Thompson, H. F. Perry and Elisha E. Beal. Three cheers were given for the volunteers and three for Major Anderson and his gallant men and the meeting adjourned to meet the 22d.

At the adjourned meeting W. J. Ungles served as chairman and W. R. Calhoun, secretary. Patriotic addresses were delivered bv Reverend Mills, Doctor Wood, of New Boston, and Doctor Marshall. As Reverend Mills concluded the New Boston volunteers made their appearance and were received with three rousing cheers, and their band played Hail Columbia in attractive style. Then a quartette sang the Star Spangled Banner, after which Doctor Marshall called for volunteers for a calvary company. At this meeting the following volunteers were enrolled: John R. Galbreath, W. A. Lorimer, O. H. Dennis, Jr., James Kile, Jr., James F. Dorse, E. J. Foland, William Gutgar, Harry Weaver, W. H. Davis, Albert Lisk, Thomas Taylor, Henry Hiatt, E. M. Humbert and Bethuel Adams. All of the Keithsburg volunteers were invited to New Boston for the purpose of uniting all into a single company to be in readiness for the first call from the governor.

The citizens of Keithsburg again assembled on the 24th and listened to speeches from Reverend Hart, Reverend Mills and Mr. Ellett. The following resolution introduced by H. G. Calhoun was passed unanimously: That we the citizens of Keithsburg, lovers of our country and our country's flag, do abhor and detest traitors, come from where they may, and that we will not patronize, countenance or suffer such persons to advocate such principles among us. Doctoi Marshall introduced the following, which was also adopted: That in case any of our citizens shall at any time be accused of treason or dissatisfaction with our present Government, a committee be appointed to investigate such charge in order that innocent parties may not suffer thereby. R- C. Cabeen, S. M. Evans and C. P. Elder were appointed such committee. E. D. Ellett, J. Cooper, J. Harvey, J. C. Humphreys and H. G. Calhoun were appointed a committee to hoist the stars and stripes upon the new pole on Main Street. The enrollments at this meeting were F. M. Gruwell, Alonzo Fish, Ben Cummins, Thomas Wolfe, Samuel C. Willit, John W. Nelson, Truman Rhodes, J. W. Bates, James Hiers, W. A. Hubbard, William Patterson, William P. Kelley and James Nelson.

On April 24th the Keithsburg and New Boston volunteers assembled at the latter city and were presided over by R. S. Cramer, with C. O'Leary secretary. It was found that the rolls contained the names of 104 volunteers, of whom eighty-five were present, the others being excused on account of business. Dr. E. P. Wood was elected captain of the company. Other candidates for the same position were William K. Trabue, William Avery and E. S. Benedict, all of whom received votes. Doctor Wood declined the honor unless the company should elect him unanimously, which they at once did. The other officers elected were as follows : First lieutenant, George W. Sanders, New Boston; second lieutenant, Dr. E. S. Benedict, New Boston; third lieutenant, Thomas I. Simmons, New Boston; orderly sergeant, C. O'Leary, Keithsburg; second orderly sergeant, William A. Lorimer, Keithsburg; third orderly sergeant, C. Holway, New Boston; fourth orderly sergeant, R. B. Ungles, Keithsburg; corporals, Albert Beach, Hugh Campbell, James Ferguson. With everything in readiness Captain Wood started for Springfield to tender the company to the Government.

At this time the Record advised that while outspoken traitors merited severer treatment they should be given a sound thrashing only for the present. It was suggested that the Mississippi River should be patrolled to prevent the rebels from receiving supplies or recruits from up the river. Two members of the Aledo-Viola Company were over sixty years of age - Henry Kimmel, of Ohio Grove, and James Haverfield, of Millersburg. William, the colored barber at the Barton House, offered to shave Union men for a dime and traitors

In Preemption Township, on May 3, 1861, a company of twentyeight was enrolled as Home Guards. At this meeting H. M. Boone served as chairman and E. S. Roberts as secretary. The following offered by John Whitsitt was adopted : Whereas, Our beloved country is in a state of rebellion and her Constitution and institutions are seriously threatened; therefore, Resolved, That we, the citizens of Preemption, do pledge our honor and means and if necessary our lives for the support of our national honor and flag. A band present furnished music.

The citizens of Ohio Grove met on April 30th and called A. Cams to the chair and chose W. H. Gilmore as secretary; several patriotic speeches were delivered, and resolutions pledging the patriotism of the township for the support of the families of volunteers were passed. Samuel G. McClure, James B. Gilmore, T. S. Robb, W. R. Mc- Creight and John Allison were appointed a committee to look after the wants of the families of volunteers.

Early in May the Mercer County volunteers - two companies - left here without much ceremony and went into camp at Peoria under the call for 90-day men. In the hurry, though the citizens did all they could to make them comfortable, they were sent away without many blankets and with few food supplies and accordingly suffered much in camp at first. Immediately other companies were commenced at half a dozen places in the county.

The New Boston Rifle Company met at Graham & Roberts' Hall, May 1 8th. Roll call showed fifty-eight members present. The following officers were then elected: H. B. Southward, captain; Simeon Sheldon, first lieutenant; R. P. Lytle, second lieutenant. The sergeants were George R. Beardsley, Mahlon Sanders, Amos Prouty, S. B. Atwater, and the corporals were Charles A. Bruso, Richard Shields, Ira Burlingim and Omri Taylor. J. I. Arnold presided over this meeting. There were fifty privates.

By June 1st, six new companies were being formed in the county - one each at Aledo, New Boston, Keithsburg, Millersburg, Ohio Grove and Suez.

The New Boston boys at Camp Mather, Peoria, refused to enlist for three years and part of them were sent home under a cloud until it was learned that they had enlisted for only three months and could not leave home for a longer period. The Keithsburg-New Boston Company was assigned to Fourth Congressional District Regiment; the regimental officers being L. F. Ross, colonel; E. P. Wood (of

Mercer County), lieutenant colonel; F. M. Smith, major. The Mercer Company elected Mr. Bruington, captain. John W. Miles corresponded with the Record from Peoria while the company was stationed there.

About the middle of June the volunteer company being organized at Aledo was notified it would be accepted in a regiment that was being formed in Chicago. At once prompt efforts to fill the company were made.

About the middle of June the citizens of New Boston sent to their volunteers at Camp Mather a large lot of necessaries and luxuries - chickens, canned fruits, towels, pillow cases, handkerchiefs, socks, etc. The regiment there was ordered on the 12th to march to Alton and preparations to leave on the 17th were at once made. At this time Dr. W. D. Craig was busy enrolling volunteers for the call from Chicago.

Aledo also sent a large quantity of supplies to its volunteers at Camp Mather. They were taken over by J- M. Warwick, who volunteered the services of himself and team for the purpose; he took over a large load of provisions, pillow cases, towels, sheets, etc., arriving there on the 7th and returning on the 1 ith.

In response to a call the citizens of Perryton Township assembled early in June (1861) for the purpose of forming an independent military company for home protection. William Doak was chairman of the meeting. Cruser Gray, William McHard and Theodore Guffy were a committee on resolutions. The meeting adjourned to the 15th when the committee's resolutions were unanimously adopted. They recited the deplorable condition of the country and resolved that it is the duty of all good citizens to sustain the administration in the performance of all its constitutional duties, and that we as a company with all good citizens here or elsewhere in the county hold ourselves in readiness to aid in suppressing mobs and all other violations of law when called on by the legal authorities. The company volunteered about fifty men.

At Alton the two companies rendezvoused at Camp Pope, where they received a considerable quantity of supplies. William Prouty and Mrs. Monroe Willits sent them a coop of live chickens for the use of the sick in the hospital. Their regiment became the Seventeenth.

a company nearly completed ; it was at first intended for the "Douglas Brigade," Chicago, but the plan collapsed, whereupon he applied for admission into the Ninth Regiment at Cairo. In August the county board paid $80 to cover the necessary expenses of the two companies while at Monmouth before their wants had been provided for. There was great indignation here when it became known that Congressman Kellogg had voted in favor of using Federal soldiers to hunt down, arrest and return to their masters runaway slaves. In July came the cry "On to Richmond," which was taken up by nearly all papers and speakers in the North and really led to the advance of the Federal troops in Virginia and to the battle of Bull Run, against the judgment of General Scott. But the disaster opened the eyes of the North to the fact that the northern troops would not have a holiday excursion, but would meet troops as brave as themselves.

Late in July the Seventeenth Regiment left Camp Pope, Alton, and moved to Warrenton, Missouri. Late in July Col. E. A. Paine came here to secure recruits for the Ninth Regiment; he obtained a few and while here saw the Ohio Grove Company under Judge Hays drill. M. S. Barnes, of Rock Island, secured a few recruits in the northern part of the county about this time. About twenty-five Preemption and Richland Grove men joined a company sent to help General Love in Kansas, going first to Fort Leavenworth.

The company of Capt. W. D. Craig left for Cairo August 6th, about sixty strong, with the others not quite ready to follow later. This company was composed of mature men - none better in the county. They departed in a hurry, slept at Monmouth as best they could, and rode on stock cars to Cairo. Colonel Paine was blamed for not providing proper care and transportation. The boys "cussed" a little, but otherwise bore their treatment uncomplainingly.

At the County Fair in 1861, all the soldiers in the county were offered free admission on "Soldiers' Day" and all were urgently invited to attend in order to have a grand parade for the benefit of the Fair and to show what this county was doing to secure new recruits. There was a large attendance and all had a good time. As Rev. J. S. Poage had gone to the war as chaplain of the Seventeenth Regiment, Col. W. D. Henderson took his place as orator at the Fair.

At New Boston, in August, was completed the company of sharpshooters under Captain Southward. The company was enlisted and mustered in within a week or so and left for Springfield about the 20th. In Ohio Grove, W. I. Nevius enlisted a full company which likewise left for Camp Butler, at Springfield. The disaster at Bull Run did more to aid enlistments in this county than any other single factor. It aroused the pride, courage and fighting spirit of the men as no orator could. Before the citizens generally were aware of what was going on there were eight or ten companies commenced - several in country districts away from villages, at schoolhouses and churches. Warren Shedd's Company at Aledo secured sixty men in less than a week; his company was at once popular because he had received military training in Vermont, had become county treasurer and prominent here, and all had confidence in his judgment, bravery and military knowledge and skill. At Millersburg and to the southward was another company half formed in a week. At Viola, Richland Grove, Preemption, North Henderson and Abington, companies were commenced. Many were leaving the county and joining outside companies and it was seen that this miscellaneous enlistment should be stopped, or the county would not receive its proper credits. In fact there came a demand that a record of all men who enlisted from this county should be kept for future reference. By August 17th, Captain Shedd's Companv numbered ninety-seven men. In August the Seventeenth Regiment had a few small skirmishes with bushwhackers and were ordered to Herculaneum, twenty miles below St. Louis.

The General Fremont episode at St. Louis was condemned here, because it was not understood. Loyal citizens and soldiers here could not comprehend why the negroes should not be declared contraband of war and armed and placed in the field. Later President Lincoln's moderation was seen to have been far-sighted and wise. Neither could it be understood at first why southern sympathizers should not be promptly and effectually suppressed when guilty of disloyal utterances. There were several disloyal outbreaks in the county during the fall of 1 86 1 - in North Henderson, Abington, Suez and Preemption townships, but they were allowed to settle themselves. Usually at any public gathering the Union men present were so preponderant that rampant disloyalty was crushed by numbers.

The North Henderson Greys were raised in August under Captain Cowley and Lieutenants Bruner and Holmes. When nearly completed the company held a rally, on which occasion they were presented with a fine banner by Miss Sallie Bowen and Miss Martha Rusk, on behalf of the ladies of the township. Miss Brown made the presentation speech, to which reply was made on behalf of the company by Doctor Taylor. Addresses were made by A. A. Smith and George Simms and "Forward Boys, Forward!" was sung by J. W. Davison. Before the New Boston Sharpshooters, under Captain Southward, left for camp they were given a fine picnic dinner bv the citizens of that town, during which time speeches were delivered by W. M. Wilson, Jr., M. R. Good, James S. Thompson, Anderson Kirlin, Charles Hall, Anthony Burdick, C. H. Bell, J. E. Griffin, John W. Green, George W. Warner, Thomas Malat, C. W. Searles, W. B. Crapnell and others. It was a long time before the boys forgot that dinner in the grove, the stirring speeches, the fair women present and the cheers that sent them to the bloody front. They left on the Kate Cassel and just before their departure were addressed on board by John W. Green and Judge Gilmore. They left August 20th, 100 strong, and as they passed Keithsburg they were saluted with cheers and volleys from the cannon. Thev went to Camp Butler, Springfield.

On August 27th, Captain Shedd's company left for Camp Butler, Springfield. With about one hundred wagons thev marched to Henderson Creek, Ohio Grove Township, where the citizens had prepared them a fine repast in the woods. There about five thousand people gathered to bid them goodbye and God speed. It was estimated that three thousand persons sat down at the tables. Speeches, farewells and other ceremonials made the occasion attractive and memorable. The boys reached Monmouth about sunset, secured supper at the Baldwin House and slept in Claycomb Hall. The next morning they took cars for Jacksonville and encamped at Camp McClernand.

In August, James H. Stewart, state's attorney, defined treason to the grand jury and instructed them to take action against any persons believed guilty of that crime. In September the county board appropriated $1,500 to be raised as a tax of five mills on the dollar for the support of soldiers' families.

The health of Rev. J. S. Poage was so bad that he was compelled to resign his post as chaplain of the Seventeenth Regiment in August. At this time Captain Hart was engaged in raising a company in Suez Township. In August and September many citizens of the county visited the various camps in order to learn what could be done to assist in caring for the sick and wounded. Judge Gilmore, Colonel Nevius and Elisha Miles paid such visits as representatives of large masses of the citizens. In September came the news of the battle of Lexington, Missouri, where Colonel Mulligan's Brigade showed such signal gallantry. A few Mercer County boys participated. In the fall A. P. Taylor of Millersburg distributed considerable wheat to soldiers1 families. By October ist, Capt. O. A. Bridgford of Millersburg had raised twenty men for Colonel McChesney's Regiment at Rock Island.

At Viola in October, Thomas J. West was raising a company and W. B. Spaulding one at Aledo. At Berlin, Thomas Merrvman and others called for a company. The special fast day called in September by President Lincoln was observed generally by all the churches of the county. Reverends Townley and Poage preached at Aledo. Michael R. Good recruited men at New Boston for General Paine's Brigade. H. G. Calhoun raised a company at Keithsburg, which marched to Camp Black Hawk, Rock Island. On October 15th, the Seventeenth Regiment was at Cape Girardeau; the Ninth at Paducah, and the Twenty-seventh and Thirtieth at Cairo. These were the regiments that contained the most Mercer County men. W. K. Trabue was recruiting a company in Mercer and Warren counties in October; they were called the Fremont Light Guards. The ladies of Aledo organized a Soldiers' Aid Circle in October and sent to camp and hospital boxes of supplies. Elisha Miles of Aledo assisted Colonel Good to raise 101 men at New Boston within two or three weeks in October.

In November came the news of the battle of Belmont, where the companies of Captain Shedd and Southward were engaged. Several Mercer County boys were killed or wounded in that engagement. At first the battle was regarded here as a Federal defeat, but as the facts became known it was seen that the Union troops had fought gallantly, but in a measure blindly. It was an accidental and confused engagement in which each side reversed itself and fired in opposite directions as the battle proceeded. S. B. Atwater, who was present, wrote the following extraordinary communication to the Record:

"As I turned to load my gun some of our men behind me discharged a gun within two inches of my ear, and in fact from this time on I saw more men killed and wounded by our own shots than from the enemy's. Craig was killed and Smith wounded by

On November 25th, Capt. James Burnett left with about twenty recruits in addition to those who went with Captain Shedd for his company at Cairo. Thus Mercer County had two companies in the Thirtieth Regiment.

In all parts of the county in November men assembled in groups and husked corn for the families of soldiers. In Ohio Grove Township fifteen or twenty men assembled one day and husked fifty acres. The people of that township packed a large box with turkey 'and other good things and sent it by S. G. McClure, William McClure and George McPherren to Company A, Thirtieth Regiment for Christmas, 1861.

When the news began to arrive in February, 1862, that the western Union troops were investing Fort Henry and were soon to attack Fort Donelson, Mercer County became intensely interested, because five companies from this county were sure to be involved, namely: Company G, of the Twenty-seventh Regiment; Companies A and G, of the Thirtieth; Company I, of the Forty-fifth; and Companv E, of the Ninth. No one here thought for an instant that the brave boys from this county would prove unequal to any task where courage and heroism were required; but many were sure to die or suffer terrible wounds and so all hearts were anxious while beating with confidence and pride. News of the capture of Fort Henry came and then all awaited anxiously for reports from Fort Donelson. In the meantime news of the death from disease of Mercer Countv boys began to sadden all hearts here.

Finally when tidings of the battle of Fort Donelson arrived, it caused mingled joy and sorrow - joy at the gallantry of the home boys, and sorrow that many had suffered death or wounds. In Companies E of the Ninth, I of the Seventeenth and A and G of the Thirtieth, many were either killed or wounded. In spite of the losses there was great rejoicing that Mercer County had borne such a splendid part in the greatest Federal victory thus far of the war. Among the rebels captured at Fort Donelson was a former resident of Keithsburg bearing the rank of first lieutenant of a Tennessee company. Soon the wounded boys began to return home on furlough and were everywhere welcomed as the heroes they were.

In February, 1862, Capt. Thomas J. West opened a recruiting office at Viola for a company to join the Scotch Regiment, Douglas Brigade. Capt. Warren Shedd was promoted lieutenant colonel as the result of his services before Forts Henry and Donelson. Col. L. F. Ross, of the Seventeenth, was made a brigadier-general; he had served in the Mexican war.

When the news of the great battle of Pittsburg Landing (Shiloh) arrived soon after the ~th of April, 1862, the whole countv was again anxious for news of the Mercer County companies in that desperate struggle. In that battle were the Ninth, Seventeenth and other regiments containing Mercer County boys. Letters from Lt. W. D. Craig and Sergt. L. L. Troy were the first definite accounts received and showed that many from here had suffered death or wounds while gallantly facing the enemy. On this engagement the Ninth Regiment suffered a loss of over three hundred men in killed, wounded and missing. In Company I the first reports showed four killed and twenty-seven wounded. This was over half the number actually engaged.

The severe battles in the West caused such a depletion in the Federal ranks that in July, 1862, a general system of recruiting was inaugurated throughout the northwestern states. J. C. Pepper and L. T. Ball at Keithsburg called for recruits under the recent proclamation of President Lincoln; they asked for 100 men from this countv and announced that the county must furnish 300 or be subjected to the draft. They held recruiting meetings at Keithsburg, New Boston, Ditto's schoolhouse, Eliza Creek schoolhouse, Millersburg, Aledo, Duncan's Corners, Bridger's Corners, Perryton, North Henderson, Ohio Grove schoolhouse near Bigger's Church, Jones schoolhouse in Abington Township, and elsewhere. A promise of $40 to each volunteer as soon as mustered into service was made. At this time nine regiments were called for from Illinois to meet the new lew. The Record and numerous prominent men in all parts of the county urged that the call be filled as speedily as possible. It was at this time or earlier that Governor Yates wrote to President Lincoln urging a more energetic prosecution of the war along all lines. In this emergency New Boston for a time took the lead in recruiting activity. Dr. E. S. Benedict promptly commenced the enlistment of a company there. In addition to the bounty offered by the Government, individuals began to offer special bounties for substitutes. Pepper and Ball also conducted active operations in all parts of the countv to fill the company they had promised to raise if possible. It was believed that the three companies needed to fill the Mercer County quota would be enlisted in a short time. The Record said: "The men must be had, if not voluntarily within the next two weeks, drafting will undoubtedly be resorted to. The crisis in our affairs is terrible and we must meet it like men.'1 Rev. J. M. Snyder of Greene Township commenced raising a company at this time. He promised that his volunteers might remain at home until the harvest was past. All over the North at this time a more vigorous prosecution of the war was demanded. Gradual emancipation had been offered by President Lincoln.

Thus war meetings were held in all parts of the county and every effort was made by prominent and patriotic men to raise the quota. A war meeting to raise recruits was held in Ohio Grove Township, Samuel Dihel being chairman. Judge Hays delivered the principal address. The resolution adopted said: "We are in favor of furnishing our share of soldiers to suppress this unholy rebellion, but express our opinion that the Government in making war on the rebels should use rebel property for the support of our armies, subsist off the enemy's country, use negroes as laborers and put arms in their hands when necessary."

About this time an itinerant clock cleaner was severely thrashed by Rev. J. D. Taylor at the residence of John M. Ashbaugh. His offence was insulting and disloyal language and conduct to Mrs. Ashbaugh. As soon as she learned of his character she refused to let him continue the work and upon his refusal to quit undertook to recover the clock from his possession. He resisted and a scuffle ensued, during which Rev. Mr. Taylor, who was passing, was called in; he promptly stretched the secessionist on the floor with a blow of his first. The reverend gentleman became so thoroughly in earnest that he offered to throw the scamp over the fence into the road if Mrs. Ashbaugh so desired. During the encounter the minister's coat was badly torn, but the citizens, as soon as they learned of the occurrence, promptly made up a purse and bought him a bran new suit, which they presented to him at the Barton House, Aledo, on July 25, 1862, with speeches and much ceremony. On the same occasion Elisha Miles presented him with a fine new hat. One of the speakers exhorted Mr. Taylor to remain with the church militant until the war should end. It was while he was out assisting to recruit volunteers that the above fistic battle occurred.

The war meetings were attended with steady and most gratifying success. Young men came forward at every meeting when volunteers were called for. Pepper and Ball secured a squad at Millersburg, at Aledo, at Bridger's Corners, at North Henderson, at Perryton, at Ohio Grove and elsewhere. In Ohio Grove fourteen voung men were secured and ten more were promised. This was the banner township in July, 1862. At a rousing war meeting in New Boston on July 26th, ten volunteers were secured. Speeches were delivered by Thompson, Campbell, R. W. Smith (of Chicago) and Rev. C. M. Wright. By the evening of July 26th Pepper and Ball had enrolled sixty-five men for their company.

It was reported in July, 1862, that fully eighty men had enlisted from a single township in this county in companies raised in other counties and that fully thirty-five men from this county were in Company B, Sixty-fifth Regiment. Others were in companies raised at Rock Island, Monmouth, Young America, Burlington, Galesburg, Muscatine, Moline and elsewhere. It was now demanded by all that a record of such enlistments should be made in order that this county should receive due credit.

On July 21st a stirring war meeting was held at the courthouse, Aledo, on which occasion Rev. William Townley was chosen chairman and J. A. Forsythe, secretary. Patriotic speeches were delivered by Messrs. Pepper, Ball, Campbell, Thompson, Reed, Williams, Townley, Taylor and Edwards. Several recruits were secured. A committee of the citizens was appointed to secure others. A recruiting station was at once opened at the office of M. L. Marsh.

Pepper and Ball visited the City of Berlin, Richland Grove Township, on July 29th, but encountered much opposition from persons with southern sympathies and failed to secure any recruits. Their meeting was interrupted with cheers for Jeff Davis and curses for the abolitionists. It was stated that the draft would be a good thing for a few of the residents there. There were too many men at this time who wanted to raise companies and not enough enlistments in the companies already commenced, it was declared. The Record said that all could not be brigadier generals at once. James Henderson, Frank Shedd, J. E. Harroun and others received commissions to raise companies. When they became aware of each other's efforts they withdrew in favor of the companies already commenced. It was about this time that a man at Viola was treated to a free ride on a rail, with suitable embellishments, for outspoken disloyal sentiments.

On August qth the New Boston Company numbered about forty men. Snyder and Robb were securing recruits in the eastern part of the county- Often wounded boys home from the front on furloughs were exhibited at the war meetings and never failed to rouse the audiences to enthusiasm. A. C. Harding and A. A. Smith were engaged at this time in raising a regiment in this congressional district. By August 5th their regiment was about half filled. Here and there in this county citizens who discouraged enlistments were found but they were usually squelched before doing much damage to the cause. Jackson Thornton began to raise volunteers at Millersburg but finally transferred his men to the New Boston company. He had seen four years' service in the army of the United States.

At a big war meeting in Preemption early in August, 1862, Dr. J. S. Matthews served as chairman and E. S. Robertson, secretary. John Whitsitt, L. T. Ball, W. L. Campbell, J. C. Pepper, Rev. J. D. Taylor and S. H. Rodgers delivered addresses. The sentiment was thoroughly loyal and warlike. Thirteen recruits were secured. Sheriff Rodgers offered a bounty of $25 to any and every married man who would enlist. Three men promptly responded, whereupon Mr. Rodgers just as promptly paid over the cash amid the hearty cheers of the audience. Already Preemption Township had fiftv men in the field and now thirteen more were added. By August 8th the New Boston company had eighty-seven men. About this time Sheriff Rodgers and J. M. Mannon raised about fifty men for a new company. Other companies were commenced at Keithsburg by Wycoff and McManus, by Cabeen and Gayle and bv the Lloyds. James S. Gilmore commenced the formation of a company at Millersburg. Thomas Likely and S. R. Moore were raising volunteers in Suez Township. They filled their company in six days. It was stated on August 12th that this county thus far, under the last call of the president, had raised not less than six hundred men for the Union army. Six or seven war meetings were held in the countv each evening during the week ending August 12th.

The Pepper- Ball company was completed earlv in August and the following officers were elected: J. C. Pepper, captain; L. T. Ball, first lieutenant. This companv rendezvoused at Aledo on the 14th and the same day went to Keithsburg, whence they took the boat to Quincy, where they went into camp.

A big war meeting to raise recruits for Robb and Snyder's company was held at Viola on August 9th. Addresses were delivered by Reverends Poage, Warren, McAlister and Stratton and by the two recruiting officers. Several recruits were secured, among whom was a young man who said his father was in the rebel army. He was loudly cheered. An old gentleman present said that he had but one son and he was in the rebel army. "He was taught to love his country, but has gone over to its enemies," he sobbed. The Robb-Snyder Company received its first recruits on August 2d and its last on August 7th and all were mustered in on the nth. The company challenged anv quicker recruiting anywhere in the county. Captain

Likely's company was full, its officers elected and its complete muster roll was in Springfield by August 1 5th. Thomas Likely was captain ; D. W. Sedwick, first lieutenant; Mr. Brown, second lieutenant. It became a member of Colonel McMurtry's regiment. At this time Doctor Craig and Messrs. Miller and Cox of Company E, Ninth Regiment, were here to secure recruits for that organization.

On August 14th an immense crowd gathered at Aledo to see the Sheriff-Mannon company parade and witness the departure of the Pepper-Ball company. A splendid dinner was served to the boys; speeches and music enlivened the occasion. In the evening before their departure by boat the citizens of Keithsburg gave the latter company a bountiful supper and God speed on their mission to the battlefield. About one-fourth of the men in Captain Mannon's company were furnished by Eliza Township and over one-fourth of Captain Pepper's company were furnished by Preemption Township. The Wycoff-McManus company was quickly completed and was in Springfield before the citizens of the county generally knew of its existence. This made seven full companies that were raised in three or four weeks' time under the call of President Lincoln for 300,000 men.

If you look upon our valleys where the growing harvests shine You may see our sturdy farmer boys fast forming into line; And children from their mother's knee are pulling at the weeds, And learning how to reap and sow against their country's needs; And a farewell group stands weeping at every cottage door: We are coming, Father Abraham, three hundred thousand more.

Of the Sheriff-Mannon company the following officers were elected: J. M. Mannon, captain; S. H. Rodgers, first lieutenant; William A. Wilson, second lieutenant. Upon the departure of Captain Pepper's company Doctor Edwards, of Aledo, placed at their disposal $25 to be expended for their sick and announced that he held in reserve $25 more for their families when needed. Much of the' excellent result in so quickly raising the companies was due to the excellent and persistent work of Col. M. R. Good of New Boston. For a year he had worked early and late to secure volunteers for the war. Lieut. E. B. David, of Company A, Thirtieth Regiment, was here in August to secure recruits for Captain Shedd's company. The numerous fragmentary companies in the county continued their organizations and drills. Capt. Frank Shedd's company was completed before August 26, 1862, and the following officers were elected:

Frank Shedd, captain ; A. Shaw, first lieutenant; Curtis Trego, second lieutenant. At this time John McClure recruited here for Company G, Thirtieth Regiment, and S. G. Wright for Company C, Thirtysixth Regiment. A military company for home service was formed at Aledo in August under Capt. L. F. Jobusch, who had seen three years' service in the Prussian army. By the last of August this county had about fifteen hundred men in the service, or ready for service. It was at this time that the county, with the rest of the North, deplored the failure of the dreary campaign of the Army of the Potomac in the marshes of the Chickahominy and the James.

In August, 1862, Captain Scudder raised a company at and near New Boston, and late in the month went to Springfield and encamped at Camp Butler. It became a part of the One Hundred and Twentyfourth Regiment. Capt. J. M. Mannon became major of his regiment (McMurtry's) in August. Capt. J. M. Snyder raised a company in August and was chosen captain. H.M. Robb was made first lieutenant and F. M. Sykes, second lieutenant. A. C. Harding was elected colonel of the Eightv-third Regiment, Pepper's company became H of the Eightv-fourth, and Snyder's, D of the Eightythird. By September, 1862, Millersburg Township had furnished 144 volunteers for the war; Ohio Grove, 143, and Suez, 129. Others had done nearly as well.

The Keithsburg Soldiers' Aid Society was organized in September, 1862, with Mrs. Margaret Ungles, president; Mary A. Cabeen, secretarv; and Samuel Hart, corresponding secretary. This society at once began a vigorous campaign to secure books, magazines, papers, etc., for the soldiers in the field and in the hospitals. It appealed to every township in the county to organize at once a soldiers' aid society, the duty of which should be (1) to provide extra clothing for the men in the ranks - shirts, drawers, socks, handkerchiefs, suspenders, etc.; (2) to furnish them with suitable clothing in the hospitals - sheets, quilts, comforters, blankets, pillows, slippers, wrappers, bandages, lint, etc.; (3) to supply them with fruit and vegetables, etc. - tomatoes, grapes, sweet corn, dried corn, dried apples, dried rhubarb, canned plums and cherries and pickles; (4) to provide them with pins, needles, thread, buttons, awls, wax, testaments and Sunday school papers. Complete arrangements were made at Keithsburg and New Boston for the shipment of all such supplies to the hospitals and camps.

In September, 1862, Governor Yates appointed Matthew Sheriff, the county treasurer, enrolling officer to make and issue a complete and correct enrollment of the county militia, which was to be used as the basis for future enlistment credits.

At the September session, 1862, of the county board a tax of 5 cents on every $100 was levied for the benefit of volunteers and their families. It was also ordered that $25 out of the military fund should be paid to each supervisor to be expended in furnishing necessaries for the families of volunteers who might be destitute.

In September, 1862, James Henderson called for a company and promised a large bounty and pay in advance to all who should enlist under this call.

On October 21 the Aledo Soldiers' Aid Society gave a fine supper at the Barton House for the benefit of the hospitals, and were aided by the ladies of the Good Templars' Society. About forty dollars was realized.

County Enrollment Number Number

The Emancipation Proclamation was up for discussion in this county in the fall of 1862 and kindled a great diversity of views. The subject was debated here and there, and numerous verbal clashes occurred. Strange as it may now seem, there were found very few who warmly and enthusiasticallv advocated the measure, because they feared the results of granting freedom to the colored race.

In October J. M. Mannon became lieutenant colonel of the One Hundred and Second Regiment. Colonel McMurtry had resigned and Smith was advanced to colonel. Lieut. E. B. David secured a squad of recruits here for Company A, Thirtieth Regiment, in October.

Tidings of the great Battle of Murfreesboro came early in January, 1863, and aroused deep concern, because several Mercer County companies were engaged. The aid societies at once sent forward hospital and store supplies for the wounded.

At the Januarv meeting (1863) of the county board the clerk of the county court was authorized to get printed the sum of $1,000 in county orders to be drawn on the military fund, payable to William M. Hays, or bearer. The orders were to be drawn as follows: $200 in the denomination of 10 cents; $400 in the denomination of 25 cents; $400 in the denomination of 50 cents. They were to be signed by the countv clerk and countersigned bv the countv treasurer. Provision for their issuance was made.

The Soldiers' Aid Society of Aledo met every Tuesdav evening during the winter of 1862-3, collected supplies of every description and forwarded them in boxes to the hospitals. They solicited contributions of clothing and food products and promptly shipped them to the front. Large quantities of butter, eggs, onions and potatoes were thus dispatched. Other similar societies throughout the countv did the same, and all worked under a general county organization which accomplished a great amount of good.

In April, 1863, an effort was made to secure an indictment against certain persons for bringing several negroes into the county; but the evidence against any person presumed to be guilty was unsatisfactory. The jury also investigated the report of a threatened resistance to the draft. Elisha Miles was charged by certain democrats with having brought three negroes to the county. Judge Gilmore was charged with aiding and abetting Mr. Miles in this act. The democrats threatened to go and drive the negroes to the South or out of the county, but were informed by Judge Gilmore that any such course was not only unlawful, but would be resisted. An account of this transaction was published in the Keithsburg Observer in April, 1863. Much disloyalty was manifested throughout the county in 1863. Butternut badges and pins were often worn by Southern sympathizers at public gatherings, and more than one fistic encounter over such and other evidences of disloyalty occurred. It was said that a returned soldier tore such a pin from the coat of a judge in this county.

In May, 1863, came news of the bloody battles on the Rappahannock. In June five Mercer companies participated in the awful assaults on the trenches of Vicksburg - I of the Seventeenth; A and G of the Thirtieth; I of the Forty-fifth; and G of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth. Calls for aid from the wounded at Vicksburg were promptly met at Aledo when the news first became known, with the result that $45 cash was raised at a called meeting in about five minutes. Joseph Lair raised in the eastern part of Mercer Township in one day's ride about the same amount. The Ladies' Aid Societies all over the county promptly donated their cash and raised additional sums for the same object.

The invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania by the Army of Northern Virginia, under General Lee in June, kindled the keenest interest in this county. All realized that a decisive battle must result or that General Lee would capture Washington. Times were ominous with mighty events along the whole battle line, which stretched like a stream of blood from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rocky Mountains. Rosecrans was trying to pierce the heart of the Confederacy in Tennessee; Meade was concentrating a large army to checkmate General Lee; Grant was pounding without cessation at the earth-walls of Vicksburg. One line or the other must surely break soon.

The Fourth of July (1863) oration of Rev. W. W. Williams, delivered to a large audience in the open air at Sugar Grove, was so full of patriotic and eloquent utterances that upon request it was published in full in the Aledo Record. It was one of unusual beauty, eloquence and power.

In June, Samuel W. McCoy was appointed enrolling officer for Mercer County. At this time there were several cases of smallpox in the county, brought here, it was presumed, by soldiers who had recently returned from the South.

at its darkest hour; the rebel army, 100,000 strong, was marching almost without interruption, through the richest section of Pennsylvania, marking its trail by desolation and destruction; Vicksburg, after a siege of six weeks, and many hand-to-hand engagements, still frowned defiance on the besiegers; Port Hudson was firm in its resistance and fears for the safety of Banks' army were openly expressed; Price at the head of a force twice as strong as the Union army at Helena was marching upon it, confident of an easy victory; along the whole rebel line Bragg only was retreating, and he merely falling back upon a position of greater security. Add to this the defiant attitude of rebel sympathizers at home, resisting the laws in some places, shooting officers in the discharge of their duties at others, and chuckling over the presumed inability of the Government to crush the rebellion anywhere - and vou have the gloomv picture over which loval men pondered at the opening of the week; the dark cloud grew darker and darker at each new point of observation, until the stoutest heart was oppressed with fears for the safety of the Republic.

Then came with lightning rapidity the first tidings of victory in Pennsvlvania. The people had been so often deceived by false reports that they were slow to believe this one; but when the confirmation came, rendering the victory still more complete, a loud and prolonged shout of joy went up from every loyal throat. Hope took the place of despondency; smiles supplanted despairing looks. Before the masses had full time to congratulate each other and their former friends and neighbors in the old Keystone State on their deliverance from rebel rule, came the stirring news, in a laconic note from the commander of the Mississippi Squadron, that Vicksburg had fallen. The shouts with which patriots welcomed the reception of this glorious finale of a protracted siege were rendered louder and longer by the fact announced at the same time that Price had been driven back at Helena and some twelve hundred of his men captured; and all these brilliant achievements were the work of a single week. The boasting rebels were thoroughly whipped in three different battles; dislodged from their foothold in Pennsylvania, and the Great Father of Waters was almost released from their grasp. Such were the stirring events of a single week. In importance they outshine everything that has gone before. A few more such vigorous blows would break the backbone of the rebellion. Already its votaries stood aghast. Richmond was in a panic; Lee was peremptorily ordered back to Virginia. These events showed the strength

The Ladies Soldiers' Aid Society under the bluff near New Boston donated a portion of their funds to the purchase of fruit cans, which were distributed among the members and filled for the boys in the field. The society had been organized but a few months in 1863, but their active and effective work indicated that they intended to make up for lost time. Scores of cans were thus filled with fruit and sent to the front.

There was great joy in the county when the news came that Port Hudson had surrendered to General Banks on July 8, 1863, and when it became thus known that the Mississippi River was at last opened to the Gulf. Now the river could be used as a base to strike east and west at the vitals of the Confederacy. At once the event was celebrated at half a dozen places in the county, but at no spot with half the enthusiasm as at New Boston and Keithsburg, situated as they were on the "Father of Waters." An immense barbecue at the former to celebrate the fall of Port Hudson was held by the two villages- combined, there being present an immense assemblage for that day. Feasting, speaking and shouting with happiness were the order of the hour. It was estimated that over five thousand people were present.

First, Sixth, Eighth, Ninth, Eleventh, Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Forty-seventh Cavalry Regiments; Seventh Missouri Cavalry; Seventh and Eighth Kansas Cavalry; First Pennsylvania Cavalry; Second Iowa Cavalry; Captain Jones' Cavalry; Captain Dodge's Cavalry; Mississippi Flotilla; Berge's Sharpshooters; First Iowa Artillery; Captain Waterhouse's Artillery; First Pennsylvania Artillery; .Ninth, Tenth, Twelfth, Seventeenth, Nineteenth, Twentyseventh, Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, Forty-third, Forty-fifth, Fiftieth, Fifty-sixth, Sixtyfifth, Sixty-ninth, Seventy-fourth, Eighty-third, Eighty-fourth, Eighty-eighth, One Hundred and Second, One Hundred and Seventh, One Hundred and Twelfth, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, One Hunred and Twenty-sixth Illinois Infantry Regiments; Third, Fourth, Seventh, Eighth and Thirty-second Iowa Infantry Regiments; Fourteenth Indiana Regiment; Eighteenth Missouri Regiment; Eighty-fourth and One Hundredth Pennsylvania Regi- ments; Irish Brigade, Virginia. In August, 1863, it was thus shown that Mercer County had furnished about forty-four men out of every hundred of its citizens liable for duty for the Union army.

Capt. James Burnett, killed in battle in May, 1863, was brought here for burial at Candor Churchyard in August. A large and sorrowful crowd received the remains, wrapped them in the Stars and Stripes and escorted them to the grave. The special escort was a body of soldiers, headed by martial music. Colonel Shedd, Captain Sanders, Captain Scudder, Lieutenant Gibson, Lieutenant McClure and Lieutenant Blackburn were the pallbearers. He was duly buried with military honors, a salute over the grave ending the sorrowful services. This was only one of many such scenes in this county during the continuance of the war.

The Keithsburg Soldiers' Aid Society, from August 11, 1862, to July 9, 1863, received $286.36 and spent $189.30 for soldiers' families and soldiers in field and hospital. The receipts came from De Haven's Circus, canvassing committee, quarterage members, sociables, donations, Thespian Club, festivals, etc. The report of the secretary reveals the most commendable and persistent efforts to help the cause. Many boxes of supplies were sent from time to time; the articles being shirts, drawers, socks, pillow-cases, pillows, blankets, quilts, bandages, lint, linen, cornstarch, canned strawberries, raspberries, apple butter, cranberries, etc. One such large box was sent to Mound City Hospital, another to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, and another to Quincy, Illinois. Mrs. E. C. Gurley was president of the society in 1863, and Mary E. Wolfe, secretary. It made the best showing of any society in the county.

Under the conscription act of 1863 the following record of the militia of Mercer County was made out in August, 1863, bv S. W. McCoy, county enrolling officer:

First Second

On September 8, 1863, the Ladies' Union League of Aledo and other ladies of the village gave a festival and supper at the Barton House for the benefit of the county's sick and wounded soldiers; tickets for gentleman and lady, $1. The hotel was crowded and the festival was a notable success. The hall was beautifully decorated with flowers, evergreens and mottos. The receipts were nearly $150, of which about $125 was net. After the feast came speeches, sports and social observances.

The Millersburg Soldiers' Aid Society from January 3, 1863, to September 2, 1863, sent the following supplies to the sanitary commission at Chicago: 50 comforters, 32 pair drawers, 59 pillows and pads, 65 pillow-slips, 1 sheet, 1 bedsack, 24 dozen handkerchiefs, 4 dozen towels, 1 pair socks, 14 pair slippers, 6 wrappers, 1 vest, V2 bushel beans, 1 sack onions, 150 pounds dried apples, 8 pounds dried grapes, 10 pounds dried plums, 10 pounds dried cherries, 5 pounds dried currants, 2 pounds dried strawberries, 10 pounds dried blackberries, 5r_> pounds dried corn, 6 pounds dried hops, 2 cans gooseberries, 1 can strawberries, 2 can cherries, 1 can pickles, 1 can of cheese, besides lint, linen, bandages, needles, thread, pins, buttons, yeast, peppers, cookies, pamphlets, papers, etc. Elizabeth F. Thornton was secretary of the society in 1863. The young people of Millersburg gave a concert in the town hall for the benefit of the soldiers, charging 25 cents admittance and netted over $30. The Ladies' Union League of Aledo employed Dr. S. Macy as their agent to buy vegetables and other products for the sanitary commission; they advanced him $100 to start with and instructed him particularly to secure potatoes and onions, the two food products most needed in camp and hospital. When that sum was expended more cash was forthcoming. At this time the county board levied a tax of 10 cents on each $100 for the county military fund. At the county fair in

1863, the stand of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Millersburg realized $125 net for the soldiers. At the same time the young people of that village raised $53.05 for the same cause by an exhibition at the church.

There was much disloyalty in the vicinity of Bridger's Corners during the latter stages of the war. Children of disloyal parents began to wear butternut breastpins and badges to the school taught by J. S. Hughes. This was forbidden by the directors and the teacher, but was persisted in by several young ladies. When they were forcibly removed, a personal encounter between the parents and the teacher ensued. Similar scenes occurred in other parts of the county. The Knights of the Golden Circle, a disloyal organization, were established at several places in the county in 1K63; and in order to counteract their teachings and practices lodges of the Union League were likewise organized.

A company called the Union Protectors was organized in Suez Township in October, 1863, of which S. R. Moore was captain; George W. Sedwick, first lieutenant; Martin Pease, second lieutenant, and Thomas Greenwood, third lieutenant. A soldiers' aid festival, held at the residence of R. R. Mathers, North Henderson Township, November 4th, netted over thirty-five dollars. In October, Philip Gore donated $30 to the Keithsburg Soldiers' Aid Society. A soldiers' festival at the United Presbvterian Church, Ohio Grove Township, November 19th, netted over one hundred and fifty dollars. At this festival speeches were made bv Rev. J. S. Poage, Rev. J. N. Edie, Rev. Kinnie and others.

In November, 1863, Col. W. I. Nevius was appointed recruiting officer for the county. He immediately made appointments to speak in everv township in the county with the object not only of thoroughly organizing the militia but of securing new recruits for the Mercer companies already in the field. At this time the county claimed to be the banner one of the state in furnishing volunteers in proportion to population. "When this gigantic rebellion shall be known only in history and our generation shall have mingled with its kindred dust, the patriotic deeds of the gallant sons of Mercer will furnish themes for the entertainment of their vouthful descendants during the tedious watches of the long winter evenings." The quota of the state under the recent call was nearly twenty thousand, and Mercer County prepared to do still better by raising at once men enough to clear itself of the draft.

In November, 1863, Col. W. I. Nevius, Col. M. R. Good, of New Boston; Col. J. C. Pepper and H. S. Senter entered actively into the task of recruiting in this county. They held meetings in about every schoolhouse and made stirring appeals for volunteers to replace in the old companies the gallant Mercer County boys who had fallen in battle or through disease.

"The last call! Fill up the old regiments! Enlist now, secure the bounty and avoid the draft! The undersigned has received authority to enlist men in the United States service under the late call of 'Father Abraham.' All persons desiring to serve their country and at the same time receive a liberal bounty should do so immediately and avoid the draft. Call at my office, Main street, New Boston, Illinois. M. R. Good."

On Thanksgiving, 1863, a collection of nearly one hundred dollars was taken up at the Free Presbyterian Church in Aledo for the purpose of purchasing reading matter for the soldiers.

The Viola soldiers' aid festival on Thanksgiving Eve, 1863, at the Viola House was attended by a large assemblage of citizens and over one hundred dollars net was realized. The hotel was packed with people ready to aid the cause of the soldier. A "postoffice" and a "grab bag" yielded much amusement and a goodlv sum of money. It was noted that nearly all the receipts were in the new postal currency of the government.

In November, 1863, at a public meeting near Bridger's Corners, a squad of Copperheads wearing butternut pins was attacked by a band of soldiers who tore off and destroyed the emblems. The soldiers were arrested by the civil authorities upon warrants sworn out by the Copperheads, taken to Keithsburg and tried for assault and battery, but were acquitted. The trial cost the Copperheads about three hundred dollars, not counting the butternuts.

At a large massmeeting of the citizens held in the courthouse, Aledo, early in December, 1863, a committee consisting of three from each township was appointed to devise ways and means to clear the county of its quota. Several eloquent speeches were made and the determination to escape the threatened draft was manifest. A few days later, December 12th, another large meeting was held, S. R. Moore serving as chairman and J. B. Rathbun as secretary. Col. W. I. Nevius stated the object of the meeting. J. W. Miles submitted the following resolution, which was adopted unanimously:

Resolved. That the board of supervisors be and are hereby petitioned to pay a bounty of $10 per month to all who now have or may hereafter volunteer in the service of the United States for the term spent in said service, to them or their heirs, guardians or assigns, as the case may be. The following introduced by J. S. Hughes was also passed.

Resolved, That a committee of two from each township be appointed to procure subscribers to a petition asking the board of supervisors to meet on Thursday, the 17th inst., to act upon a petition that will then be laid before them.

It was later figured out that if the county board should really pass a resolution to give each volunteer a bounty of $10 per month while in the service that the 1,500 men already in the field, should thev serve three vears each, would receive $540,000. It was then seen that this sum was too high.

By December 22, 1863, Colonel Nevius had secured fifteen recruits and dispatched them to the front to join the old companies. At a big war meeting in New Boston in December ten recruits were secured and $400 was raised for soldiers' families; there were several $50 subscriptions. There was great enthusiasm, the recruits being for Companv I, Seventeenth Regiment. A soldiers' festival at the house of George Simms, Rivoli Township, in December, netted $60. A big supper by the Union League of Aledo about the same time netted over one hundred and sixty dollars; it was held at the Barton House. A supper given by the Ladies' Soldiers Aid Society of Suez Township on the 23d yielded $156. Speeches were made by J. H. Nash, Rev. D. G. Bradford and others. This society sent large quantities of hospital stores to the sanitarv commission.

The county board passed the following preamble and resolution in January, 1864: Wrhereas, It has been ascertained by members of this board that C. H. Bell & Brother (of New Boston) have donated largely to the relief of families of volunteers in furnishing them with meat; therefore, Resolved, That the thanks of this board be and are hereby tendered to them on behalf of said families. In January the citizens of New Boston raised by subscription $500 more for the relief of soldiers' families. At one of their meetings several declared that the community must raise the amount of $1,000. In this respect New Boston led the county at this time. In January the citizens of Keithsburg to the number of twenty-five with a dozen teams or more chopped and hauled wood for soldiers' families across the frozen river, to the number of seventy loads - four loads for each family needing wood. On February 1 8th, a free dinner to all soldiers and their families was given at the North Henderson United Presbyterian Church. It was a grand reunion for the soldiers and was conducted by a special committee of the citizens.

The citizens of Suez Township met at Caldwell schoolhouse, February 6, 1864, to devise means to fill the quota of the township. E. D. Crouch presided and J. S. Hughes served as secretary. C. S. Richey, C. S. Caldwell, James Buchanan, S. R. Moore and Christ Hart prepared a program of action. The meeting passed resolutions deciding to offer a special bounty of $100 each for about fifteen recruits to free the township from the draft and appointed C. S. Richey, W. A. Dryden and B. W. McLaughlin a special committee to circulate the subscription paper. The meeting subscribed $400 at once.

The Ladies' Union League of Aledo held a dinner and sociable at the Barton House, February 1 8th, and in addition rendered a musical entertainment; a large sum for the soldiers was realized. On February 22d, an elaborate concert at the Methodist Church, New Boston, secured a large sum for the soldiers; the New Boston String Band furnished free music. About this time Serg. D. T. Hindman secured seventeen recruits for Company I, Seventeenth Regiment, in this county. Miss Martha N. Thornton, of Millersburg, had done so much for the soldiers in the field, camp and hospital, that Company I, Forty-fifth Regiment, purchased and sent her a present costing $30 as a reward for her efforts and success in softening the rigors of war for them.

In 1 8 q8 an indentured apprentice named George Pickup lived with George Scott at High Point, Mercer County. Suddenly he became missing under what were alleged to be suspicious circumstances. Mr. Scott inserted the following advertisement in the Aledo Record :

"Reward $5. Runaway from the subscriber on the 12th of August, George Pickup, an indentured apprentice. All persons are hereby forbid to harbor or trust the said George Pickup on my account, as I will pay no debts of his contracting and will pav the above reward for his return. George Scott, High Point, August 31, 1858."

advertisement was inserted as a mere blind to conceal foul play. Once started the rumors grew in extent and magnitude until there was a general belief throughout the county that Mr. Scott was guilty of some criminal act. Witnesses appeared who stated that articles of the boy's clothing had been found, bones discovered, etc., until finally the grand jury were induced to investigate the alleged murder of the boy, but sufficient evidence to convict could not be found and the matter was dropped, though the accusation still remained to condemn Mr. Scott and the members of his family. Nearly six years passed. In the meantime the boy had lived in or near Oquawka, had enlisted in the Tenth Illinois Infantry Regiment, had served bravely with his company and had recently reenlisted. Mr. Scott heard of his existence about the same time that the bov learned of the suspicion attached to the Scott family. Early in February, 1864, the boy, now a man - bronzed and bearded - returned to the Scott farm in order to dispel the false suspicion. He received a hearty welcome at the Scott home. In company with Mr. Scott he visited Aledo and announced that he had not been killed by Mr. Scott, was very much alive and desired to see an end of the unjust suspicion against Mr. Scott. Immediately all the scandal-mongers who had fed Mother Rumor with suspicions and lies, became the warmest friends of- Mr. Scott, had known always that the reports were false and had done their best to counteract the rumors, etc. Had the boy been killed in battle or never been heard of again, the suspicion would still rest against this worthy family - would probably never have been wholly removed or dispelled. There was a general demand that the witnesses who had come so near convicting Mr. Scott should be punished for their perjuries, but nothing was done.

In March, 1864, the Mercer County volunteers, in Companies A and G, Thirtieth Regiment, who had reenlisted for the war, or veteranized, came home on a furlough and were received with unbounded joy and pride by their friends, relatives and acquaintances. They left Vicksburg March q, came up the river by boat and landed at Keithsburg on the 1 8th, where they were warmly welcomed by the whole populace. There was no formal reception, because the date of their arrival was unknown. But they were welcomed at hundreds of firesides.

At the spring session (1864) of the county board a large sum of money was paid out from the military fund for the relief of soldiers and their families. They ordered that all bills for medical attendance to soldiers or soldiers' families presented for allowance should be accompanied by affidavit of services rendered, the number

It was planned late in March, 1864, to give all the soldiers at home on veteran furlough a grand and formal reception at the Barton House on March 31st. In order to meet this big outlay all the citizens were asked to contribute large baskets of eatables, etc. A large crowd assembled from far out in the country until fully twelve hundred were present. The ladies took possession of the viands and soon the tables were loaded with the good things and tastefully decorated with flags, evergreens and mottoes. So great was the crowd that the tables were kept full for six hours. The soldiers and their wives or best girls were feasted first. There were nearly one hundred and fifty soldiers present and all were treated royally. Rev. J. S. Poage welcomed them to the county, to their homes and to the bounteous repast set before them. He was followed by Colonel Shedd on behalf of the soldiers. The Thirtieth Regiment was represented by the veterans of Companies A and G; the Twentieth by the veterans of Company G; the Forty-fifth by the veterans of Company I ; besides other commands were represented by small squads. The banquet was greatly enjoyed by the veterans and by all present.

By April 2, 1864, Lieutenant Kidd had secured forty-seven recruits from all parts of the county for nearlv all of the old companies that had gone to the war from this portion of the state. They were permitted to join any company and regiment they wished. Of the number eleven came from Keithsburg and eight from Mercer Township.

Upon receipt of the call for 100 day men, in April, 1864, the county prepared to raise its quota. Meetings to secure recruits were at once held in Keithsburg, New Boston, Aledo, Viola and other centers. In ten days seventy-one volunteers were raised and sworn in at Aledo alone. They left for the front on May 1 8th and were commanded by Russell S. Osborn, captain; George Boone, first lieutenant; Van R. Harriott, second lieutenant. At this time there were six or eight cases of smallpox in the county.

In March, 1864, the citizens of Preemption Township held a fair and festival for the soldiers and the receipts amounted to $175. A similar festival given by the citizens of Suez Township for the soldiers' benefit netted about one hundred and fifty dollars. Over six hundred persons were present. Gen. A. C. Harding was one of the speakers. The soldiers were feasted free; all others were required to pay.

The North Henderson Soldiers' Aid Society was organized in July, 1863. In one year they sent rive tierces and six boxes of clothing and hospital stores - total value of the articles sent was $467.58. They were forwarded to the sanitary commission at Cairo. Total amount raised, including the above, $602.68.

In July, 1864, came the call of President Lincoln for 500,000 more men. This staggered the county, but all went to work heroically to raise the assigned quota. It was openly announced that every able-bodied man must go or furnish a substitute. The quota for this county was about one hundred and sixty men. Large bounties were offered and volunteers were permitted to enlist for one, two or three years and were paid accordingly. The One Hundred Day Company became a member of the One Hundred and Fortieth Regiment, of which Lorenzo H. Whitney became colonel. In August came the news that Colonel Shedd and part of his company had been captured at Atlanta. Also came the news of the terrible fighting at Chancellorsville, Spottsylvania and other places in Virginia.

The draft for the Fourth Congressional District came off at Quincy, September 5, 1864. Just before it occurred the following letter was received from the district provost marshal:

"Quincy, August 30, 1864. "Editors of Aledo Record. Sirs - Let me congratulate you on the war record of your County of Mercer. The quotas for this district have reached us today from the office of the acting assistant provost-marshal-general of Illinois, Springfield, where all quotas are made due. They show that Mercer County has to raise seventeen men: Six from Abington and Ohio Grove, and eleven from Perryton, Preemption and Richland Grove. Can't you raise these men and avoid the draft?

A later letter from Captain Asbury showed that the county as a whole was 117 men ahead of all calls, but that notwithstanding this fact the countv sub-districts that were behind would have to furnish their full quotas. The following was the official record:

At the September term, 1864, of the county board soldiers' claims to the amount of about thirteen hundred dollars were ordered paid out of the military fund upon recommendation of the committee on military claims. The board also levied 20 cents on each $100 valuation for the military fund and 30 cents for general county purposes. An amendment to make the military levy 15 cents instead of 20 cents was defeated.

The ladies refreshment stand at the County Fair for the soldiers in 1864 was a fine success, the total receipts being $371.42, and the expenses only $31.56. The Agricultural Society donated the ground and stand free and otherwise aided in the success of the movement. In addition Graham Lee presented the proceeds of the sale of a premium hog and the premium itself amounting in all to about forty-five dollars, to the stand. The ladies of Millersburg deserved and were given credit for the success of the movement.

In the fall of 1864 so many of the old soldiers returned on their veteran furloughs after three years of service that they were publicly and ceremoniously received at several places in the county. The reception at New Boston was particularly fine and imposing. There was an immense crowd present for that time and all enjoyed the barbecue of four beeves, four sheep and dozens of turkeys and chickens, besides the speeches of the citizens and the replies of the brave boys. Captain McManus delivered one of the principal speeches. The Aledo Sax-Horn Band furnished the music.

Formal notice was given on October 5, 1864, by Assistant Provost Marshal R. B. Ungles, of the Fourth Congressional District, Keithsburg, that the draft would take place in this county that week unless the quota was filled. The number required was four from Ohio Grove and Abington and five from Perryton and Preemption. The two sub-districts not having furnished their quotas, were subjected to the draft on October 29, 1864. Three men and their alternates were drafted from Ohio Grove and Abington and five from Perryton, Preemption and Richland Grove.

On October 26, 1864, the Soldiers' Aid Society of Keithsburg gave a public festival which netted $105. The attendance was large and all cheerfully contributed to the wants of the suffering boys in the hospitals. The Mellengers donated the free use of the hall, and Rev. Samuel Hart delivered an appropriate address. The Sunbeam Glee Club and the Keithsburg Brass Band supplied the music. Ad Wolf was secretary of the society at this time.

In November, 1864, Judge E. Gilmore distributed $4,262 which had been sent him by the members of Company K, One Hundred and Second Regiment, to be handed to their families. There were twenty-seven sums of one hundred dollars each or over thus distributed, the largest being $160.

Sherman's march to the sea late in 1864 was watched with intense interest and enthusiasm in this county. Mercer County boys were with him. At Thanksgiving services in Aledo over one hundred dollars was contributed to the sanitary commission. No doubt every other church in the county made similar collections and contributions. The North Henderson Soldiers' Aid Society raised over one hundred and fifty dollars in December, 1864, and January, 1865. Late in December came the news that Sherman's army had found a base on the Atlantic, had captured Savannah and was sweeping through the heart of the Confederacy, and the joy was spontaneous and prolonged. All now saw that a few decisive engagements would end the rebellion, end slavery, save the Union and reward the heroes for their wounds, losses and sacrifices. About this time came another call for 300,000 men, and again the county bent to the task of filling the quota. Its quota was comparatively small, owing to the excess under previous calls.

Official Quota And Excess, February, 1865

Several of the townships began in February, 1865, to take subscriptions for a fund to be used to secure volunteers in order to escape the draft. In other, portions of the county clubs were formed, a fund was raised, and in case a member should be drafted he received a portion of the money thus provided. The draft was finally postponed to the 8th of March in order to give the townships the chance to clear themselves. The citizens of North Henderson raised, by subscription, $5,000 and secured ten volunteers by paying each $500. Mercer Township citizens assembled to do the same thing, when they learned that the township was already ahead fourteen men. They, therefore, raised $200 for the benefit of the families of volunteers already in the service. Millersburg Township raised $3,000 and cleared itself of the draft. Suez raised $2,000 for five men. Rivoli filled her quota of fifteen men. Preemption raised $8,000 with which to secure seventeen men. Perryton raised $1 1,000 for the same purpose. Ohio Grove raised eight or nine thousand dollars.

At a big meeting in the Free Presbyterian Church, Aledo, in March, 1865, $700 was raised for the Christian Commission. It was announced that the famous Chaplain McCabe would be present, but he was unable to be, and James Tompkins spoke in his place. At this time William Willits donated fifty barrels of apples to be dried for the soldiers. The Teachers' Association of this county was asked to participate in the Sanitary Fair at Chicago.

Early in April, 1865, came the news that Richmond and Petersburg had been taken, and almost immediately afterward came the news of the surrender of General Lee. The whole of Mercer County at once gave itself up to spontaneous and continued rejoicing. The Record said: "The dav of jubilee has come! Lee has surrendered! He and his whole army are prisoners! The military power of the rebellion is broken! The laws are vindicated! The Union is perpetual; not a rope of sand. We have a Government able to protect itself alike from internal and external foes. This news reached here early on Saturday afternoon bv private conveyance and was generally known before the arrival of the mail. When the mail came a crowd collected waiting for a confirmation of the news. When informed by the driver that Lee had surrendered, a deafening shout burst from every lip; flags were flung to the breeze, and at night bonfires were kindled, speeches made and every demonstration of joy exhibited. The rejoicing was kept up to a late hour. The destruction of Lee's army is tantamount to the end of the rebellion. All praise to the gallant army and navy whose glorious deeds have made the land vocal with shouts of joy.

"Richmond has fallen! The rebel capital that has withstood the assaults of our army for nearly four years has at length had to succumb to the genius and valor of Grant and his brave men. The great event of the war has come to pass. The news caused the wildest excitement. Men, women and children were frantic with joy. Business was partly suspended and the dav was devoted to rejoicing."

While the people of the county were still shouting with joy over the capture of Richmond and the surrender of General Lee, the awful and sickening news came that President Lincoln had been assassinated. The Record said: "The first news of the assassination of President Lincoln and Secretary Seward reached here about half past five on Saturday afternoon. The report was doubted by most of our citizens. The general feeling was that it was impossible. During the evening the report was brought from two or three places and accompanied by so many details as to leave no doubt about the matter. A deep gloom pervaded the people. Political dissensions were forgotten. All felt that a terrible crime had been perpetrated; that the head of the nation had been stricken down by an assassin and hoped the fiend who struck the blow would be caught and punished. On Sunday all the flags in our village hung at half mast and our citizens did little else than talk about the sad event. The distressing news was announced in the Sabbath schools and churches and formed the staple of conversation in the family circle and upon the streets. Strangers coming in to attend court brought full particulars which were eagerly read and attentively listened to by griefstricken people. Monday was the gloomiest day we ever witnessed. Court was in session, and a large number of people from the country were present. Grief was visible on every countenance. A general gloom pervaded the mass and tears trickled down many manly cheeks as they listened to the recital of the horrible crime."

When the news of the assassination reached Keithsburg and New Boston the same gloom settled upon all hearts, business was partly suspended, many buildings were hung with the trappings of death, and sincere sorrow was shown by nearly all. In this county, as in almost every other in the North, were men who had formerly lived in the South, whose sympathies were with that section and who now were much sorrier over the defeat of the rebels than over the assassination of the President. In some instances they refused to take part in the Lincoln obsequies.

At a meeting of the citizens of Keithsburg on April 15, 1865, H. S. Scott was made chairman and O. Holland, secretary. Reverend Fiske, Reverend Stuart and B. D. Ellett were appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the grief of the community over the assassination of President Lincoln. While the committee was preparing the resolutions the meeting accepted as satisfactory the explanation given by J. A. T. Birdsall concerning certain remarks made by him upon receipt of the intelligence that the President had been assassinated. They also passed the following preamble and resolution:

Whereas, On receipt of the sad intelligence of the assassination of the President and attempted murder of the secretary of state, Walter J. Pepper declared that he felt more like firing a salute of rejoicing than hanging out black crape; and,

Resolved, That we, the citizens of Keithsburg, unqualifiedly disapprove and condemn the course taken and the sentiments expressed by the said W. J. Pepper and look upon him as indorsing the assassination of the man whose loss the whole nation mourns; and that we withdraw from him all our sympathy and support and determine to discountenance him as a traitor and murderer at heart.

After remarks by members of the committee and others, the meeting adjourned to meet again on next Monday evening. On that occasion the resolutions adopted recited the high character and great accomplishments of the murdered President. All resolved to wear badges of mourning for the next fifteen days, that appropriate funeral services be held, that Reverend Fiske be requested to preach at the funeral services, and that it was the wish of this meeting that on that occasion all business houses be closed.

sacred by sacrifices and bloodshed. The One Hundred and Second returned in June. Squads were formally received at McHard's Grove, Perryton, Berlin, Aledo, Keithsburg, New Boston, Viola, Ohio Grove, Sugar Grove, Millersburg, North Henderson and other centers of population. These reception ceremonies were enacted during the remainder of the year 1865 as fast as the soldiers were mustered out and came back to their friends and homes. Nearly all of the receptions were tinctured with sadness at the thought of the vacant chairs and the broken-hearted wives, mothers and sisters whose dear ones slept in perhaps unknown graves after weeks of terrible suffering.