Piatt County, Illinois - Biographical sketches, 1903 (part 2 of 13)

William H., of this review, went to Ohio county, Kentucky, in search of a horse thief, whom they arrested and took to Ottawa, Illinois, for trial. During the Black Hawk war James A. Piatt served as a ranger in Illinois under the command of Major Warnick, who had been an officer under General Jackson in the war of 1812. In civil life Mr. Piatt was also prominent. In the early days he served as one of the county commissioners of Macon county for seven years before the division of the district into Macon and Piatt counties. His influence was ever given on the side of progress and improvement, and he well deserved the honor of having the new county called by his name.

In the early schools of Indianapolis and of Lawrenceburg, Indiana, William H. Piatt pursued his studies, although his educational privileges were extremely limited. He left school when only eleven years of age, and although he has become a broad-minded man and one of good general information, this is due to his experience and observation. He has possessed an observing eye and retentive memory, and these qualifications, added to keen discernment, have gained for him practical experience of much value in the business world. His surroundings and environments in boyhood were those of the frontier, and he assisted in the arduous task of developing new land and of reclaiming the region for the purpose of civilization. After arriving at years of maturity he chose a companion and helpmate for life's journey, being united in marriage on the loth of April, 1838, to Miss Clarinda Marquiss, who was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, in 1819, and is a daughter of Abraham and Elizabeth (Barnes.) Marquiss, who were natives of Pennsylvania, but became pioneers of Piatt county. As the years passed the home of Mr. and Mrs.

Piatt was blessed with seven children: James A., who is now deceased; Abraham, deceased ; Charles, who is extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising; Frances, the wife of W. E. Lodge, of Monticello; Jemima, the wife of W. E. Smith, a merchant of Monticello; and Emma L., the wife of Joseph Llewellyn, of Chicago. She is a graduate of the Illinois University and is the author of the Piatt county history.

Mr. and Mrs. Piatt began their domestic life upon a farm, and throughout his business career he carried on agricultural pursuits. His first home was the site of the present fair grounds near Monticello,. where he lived for a short time. In the fall of 1839 he built a cabin on the banks of Goose Creek in the township of that name, and while his wife cared for the little home he engaged in the labors of the fields. In his farm work he prospered. The land was rich and proved very productive, returning excellent crops in reward for the labors bestowed upon the fields. As his financial resources increased Mr. Piatt ma<le judicial investments in real estate, and from time to time has made purchases and sales that have proven of profit and added largely to his income. He entered land in various parts of the country, much, of which he improved and sold to his children. He has fenced and broken over two thousand acres and he now has in his possession about one hundred and seventy acres of this land, upon which he has made many fine improvements. In the years 1864 and 1865 he erected a large brick house upon a beautiful site in the midst of a fine grove of walnut trees that have stood for ages upon the place.

also engaged in large measure in cattle dealing. He.began this business in 1841 and for some time was associated with his brothers in the enterprise. In 1851 he drove his first herd of cattle to Philadelphia and thence to the New York city market, making the journey on horseback. Later he made various other trips to the east with stock at a time when there were no railroads and when it required about one hundred and twenty days to make the trip. For several years he dealt very extensively in stock which he purchased in various states and drove to the eastern market. Thus he added annually to his income and to-day Mr. , Piatt is one of the wealthy men of the county.

While extensive business interests have claimed his attention he has ever found time and opportunity to assist in many measures of progress and improvement and to co-operate actively along lines leading to the permanent development of central Illinois. In measures for the public good his assistance is not sought in vain and while he has given generously of his means, his wise counsel and practical judgment have also been valued factors in the control of affairs of public moment. He has never sought or desired office, in fact, the demands of his business have been too great to allow him to take an active part in political work even had he desired to do so. Hjs fellow townsmen have frequently solicited him to become a candidate and at one time he served as commissioner of Piatt county. With this exception he has always refused to serve in political offices. His support, however, is given to the Democracy and although now well advanced in years, he still keeps in touch with the political questions of the day, being deeplv interested in the welfare of his nation.

The life history of Mr. Piatt, if written in detail, would give a comprehensive and accurate picture of pioneer conditions and experience in the county which bears his name. From early manhood days he has seen the development of this section of the state and has witnessed its wonderful transformation. When he came here with his parents he found the broad prairies uncultivated and covered with the native grasses. There was in the vicinity no city or town of any importance and the work of progress largely lay in the future. The district was cut off from the comforts and conveniences of the older east by long stretches of prairie and by forests, and the rivers were unbridged and the roads were oftentimes almost impassable, especially during the season of the spring rains. A mighty work lay before the pioneer in his efforts to make this section of the country inhabitable and' to cause it to be productive enough to yield a good living to its settlers, but the frontiersmen were people of courageous spirit, strong purpose and firm determination and in the course of years have accomplished a work for which present and future generations shall owe them a debt of gratitude that can never be repaid. However, we can cherish in our hearts their memory and reccunt their deeds to representatives of the younger generations, always honoring their name and giving them credit for the splendid task they accomplished. The life record of Mr. Piatt is one deserving of the highest commendation. -In his early youth he had very limited opportunities and he had no capital to assist him as he started out upon his business career, but he was energetic, self-reliant and honorable, and these qualities stood him instead of fortune. He worked ep.rnestlv vear after vear and in due course of time his labors were rewarded. To-day he is one of the wealthy men of Piatt county, but he has never allowed the accumulation of wealth to in any way effect his feelings or actions toward those less fortunate.

Few men are more prominent or more widely known in the enterprising city of Monticello than Dr. Nelson G. Coffin, who has been the leading representative of the medical fraternity here for many years. Now, having reached the eighty-second year of his age, he is living retired from further professional labors, but 'still gives his personal supervision to the management of his farm. Through many years, however, he was the loved family physician in numerous households in the city and county, carrying with him hope and comfort by his cheery presence, and at the same time rendering effective aid in the elimination of disease and the restoration of strength and health.

The Doctor is of English lineage and represents an old southern family that was founded in America in colonial days. His grandfather was Samuel Coffin, who in his earlier years resided in North Carolina, whence he removed to Indiana at a very early period in the development of the latter state. Our subject's father. Dr. William Coffin, was born in North Carolina in 1704, and was a graduate of the Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati. He afterward located in Newport, Indiana, where he engaged in the practice of his profession for a number of years. Late in life he removed to California, where he spent his last days, dying in January, 1850. His wife, who bore the maiden name Eunice Worth, was born in North Carolina and died in Indiana in 1869. She was a daughter of 'William and Abigail (Gardner) Worth. Of the children born unto Dr. William Coffin and his wife two sons and two daughters are yet living.

Dr. Nelson G. Coffin, whose name introduces this record, was born in North Carolina on the 3d of October, 1820. When he was only two years eld his parents removed to Vermilion county, Indiana, there residing until 1848. when they came to Piatt county, Illinois, so that the subject of this review is one of the earliest settlers of the county in which he yet makes his home. In the spring of the same year he was united in marriage to Miss Phoebe D. Johnson, of Monticello, who was born in Rhode Island and came to Piatt county about the year 1847. After their marriage they took up their abode in Monticello, where the Doctor has since resided. In 1857, however, he was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, and of the three children born of this union only one is now living, Eugene, who is a physician in .Monticello. He was graduated in Dunham Homeopathic Medical College of Chicago, after obtaining his literary education in Jacksonville College at Jacksonville, Illinois, and now he is successfully practicing in Monticello.

Dr. Nelson G. Coffin prepared for his profession' as a student in the Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati, and entered upon the practice of his profession in Vermilion county. Indiana, in 1843. For five years he continued his work there and then came to Piatt county at the time of his parents' removal here. His early practice extended throughout the county, and oftentimes beyond its borders. He is familiar with all the experiences which come to the early physician who located upon the frontier. Calls came to him from long distances and he found it necessary to travel over almost impassable roads, while oftentimes he had to cross swollen streams and face dangers in so doing. The weather was never so inclement, however, or the hardships so great that Dr. Coffin would not respond to the call of the sick and suffering. As the years passed he kept in touch with the progress that has ever characterized the profession and by continual reading and observation added to his knowledge, and thus rendered his labors more effective in coping with disease.

For many years the Doctor continued in active and successful practice. He left his home in Monticello, however, in August, 1862, feeling that his duty was to his country, and that he should render whatever aid he could to the sick and wounded soldiers in the south. He became assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Regiment, and spent most of his time in the hospitals, rendering aid to the wounded and alleviating all who need professional skill. He was at the battle of Franklin, Tennessee, and at Nashville, and he knows all of the horrors of war that are the lot of the soldier who faces danger and death in defense of country and principles. He continued at his post of duty until July, 1865, when the war having ended, he was honorably discharged and returned to his home.

Again coming to Monticello, Dr. Coffin resumed the practice of his profession, and in 1881 found it necessary and expedient to remove from his first location to a more commodious brick office which was pleasantly located within a half of a block from the public square of Monticello. He continued in the active practice of his profession until 1874, when he retired and since that time has been devoting his time and energies to his farming interests. He is the owner of a valuable tract of land of two hundred and forty acres, which is highly cultivated and improved with good buildings.

Man's worth in the world is determined by his usefulness - by what he has accomplished for his fellow men - and he is certainly deserving of the greatest honor and regard whose efforts have been of the greatest benefit to his fellow men. Judged by this standard, Dr. Nelson G. Coffin may well be accounted one of the distinguished citizens of Monticello, for almost throughout his professional career, covering many decades, his labors have been of a most helpful nature. His deep research and investigation have rendered his work effective and certainly his labors have been of the greatest practical benefit, and the world is better for his having lived. Although he is now in his eighty-third year, he yet takes a deep interest in the affairs of moment to the city of Monticello, and no man in Piatt county is held if higher regard or deeper respect.

Rev. William E. Means

Rev. William E. Means, the well known editor and proprietor of the Atwood Herald, and a prominent citizen of Atwood, is a native of Illinois, born in Paris, Edgar county, June 28, 1850. and is a son of Thomas N. and Jane (Quiett) Means, natives of Ohio and Tennessee, respectively. His paternal grandfather, William Means, was of Scotch- Irish descent.

Our subject passed his boyhood and youth upon a farm and pursued his studies in the district schools of the neighborhood during the winter months until he entered the high school of Paris. In 1874 he became a student at the Northwestern1 University of Evanston, and was graduated from the theological department of that well known institution in the class of '1879.

After his graduation Mr. Means joined the Minnesota Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church and was appointed pastor of the Rushmore charge, where he was instrumental in erecting .a handsome four thousand dollar church, all paid for. In the middle of the second year he was transferred to Luverne, where the church was greatly strengthened by a very successful revival, the house of worship completed and the way prepared for paying off a crushing debt Finding the Minnesota winters colder than he liked, Mr. Means availed himself of an opportunity to be transferred to the South Kansas Conference in the spring of 1884, and was there instrumental in building two churches, one a temporary building at Fort Scott, which has since become Grace church, and the other a beautiful village church at Hiattville, Kansas, both erected in 1884. The two following years were spent in Moran, Kansas, and were very fruitful, more than a hundred being gathered into the church and the church thoroughly organized. A pastorate of three and a half years on the Caney charge was likewise fruitful in revivals, and in the paying of a crushing debt on the church building.

In October, 1891, Mr. Means accepted the pastorate of the Methodist Episcopal church at Sidney, Illinois, and the following year was in charge of the Atwood church. Failing health compelled him to retire from the pastorate in the fall of 1893, and he has since held a supernumerary relation to the Illinois conference, often rendering efficient service, without assuming- the responsibilities of a pastoral charge. In 1895 Mr. Means leased the Atwood Herald and purchased it the following year. This paper was established in 1888, is independent in politics, is an excellent advertising medium and has a large circulation.

In 1884 Mr. Means was united in marriage to Miss Ella M. Chesnut, of Delavan, Minnesota, and to them has been born one child, a son, Cyril, now eighteen years of age. Mr. Means exerts a healthful influence in the community, both personally and through the columns of his paper, and is a man whose upright character wins him the respect and confidence of all with whom he is brought in contact.

Henley C. Wells

Upon a farm on section 13, Blue Ridge township, resides Henley C. Wells, who is one of the progressive agriculturists of the community. He was born August 16, 1857, in Knoxville, Tennessee, a son of John B. and Mary Elizabeth Wells. The father was born in the year 1837 in Knox county, Tennessee, and became a farmer by occupation, owning about one hundred and fifty acres of land in his native state. At the time of the Civil war he became a member of the Ninth Tennessee Cavalry. Being taken ill with typhoid fever, as soon as he was able to be moved he was sent to his home. Our subject, who was then but a boy, got a horse and together the father and son rode the horses to a nearby camp of soldiers. When the soldiers saw the boy they caught him in their arms and passed him from one to the other, so glad were they again to see a boy, having long been separated from their own homes and family ties by the war. The country had been devastated by the ravages of war and John B. Wells, who was in very comfortable circumstances prior to the outbreak of hostilities, was left almost penniless at the close of the long conflict. His wife had received thirty thousand dollars in Confederate money from General Lee for damage done their property by the Southern army, but the father was only able to realize about twenty-five dollars on the entire amount.

Henley C. Wells started out for himself at the age of twenty years by working at the carpenter's trade. For this he received eight dollars per month. Later he was paid a salary of twenty-five dollars per month for working a part of the time in a store and a part of the time on a farm. He resolved to seek his fortune north of the Ohio river in 1880, and removed to Greencastle, Indiana, whence he afterward went to Mahomet, Champaign county, where he worked for two years for a man by the name of Smith.

In the year 1883 Mr. Wells was united in marriage to Miss Lida Pittman, and their marriage was blessed with four children : Lillie May, who died at the age of four years ; Nora Etta, who is the wife of R. A. Robinson, a resident of Mansfield ; Ethel Marie, who is at home; Harrison, who is at home and is assisting in the operation of the farm.

Mr. and Mrs. Wells now own one hundred acres of land on section 13, Blue Ridge township, constituting one of the valuable farms of the community. He improved the house and barn in the spring of 1903, and has planted an orchard of eighty trees, in fact, he has added all modern equipments and accessories to his place, which is now a desirable property and one on which he is realizing a good return from his investments. He gives the greater part of his attention to the raising of grain, but to some extent also raises cattle and hogs.

In his fraternal relations Mr. Wells is a Mason, holding membership with the lodge in Mansfield, and in politics he is a Republican, giving an earnest support to the principles of the party. His wife belongs to the Methodist church, and both are wellknown and highly respected people of this community, enjoying the warm regard of many friends. The}' have lived here for twenty years, and throughout this period the circle of their friends has steadily increased as the circle of their acquaintance has widened.

In the death of Dr. Byron B. Jones, on the 2Oth of December, 1896, Monticello and Piatt county lost one; of their most prominent and highly respected citizens. As the day with its morning of hope and promise, its noontide of activity, its evening of completed and successful effort, ending in the grateful rest and quiet of the night, so was the life of this honored man. His career was a long, busy and useful one, of great benefit to his fellow men, and he leaves behind him a memory which is enshrined in many hearts. He was ever a considerate and genial friend, and one whom it was a pleasure to know and meet under any circumstances.

Doctor Jones was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, on the 26th of November, 1828, and was a son of Dr. George G. Jones, a native of Ross county, Ohio, born on the 26th of March, 1796. The father was a prominent figure in central Ohio, and for many years enjoyed a wide practice. He married Miss Ann Hanley, whose birth occurred in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the 3d of August, 1810, and on the loth of June, 1832, he passed away. His wife, long surviving him, died in 1863.

Dr. Byron B. Jones was reared and educated in Bloomfield, Pickaway county, Ohio, and after acquiring his literary education he resolved to make the practice of medicine his life work and began studying with that end in view. He was a graduate of the Starling Medical College, of Columbus, Ohio, although his studies were not prosecuted continuously. Coming to Piatt county, Illinois, he was for a time a student in the office of Dr. P. K. Hull, one of the early physicians of Circleville, Ohio, who acted as his preceptor. He was graduated in 1853, and in 1856 he came to Monticello and entered into partnership with Doctor Hull, his former preceptor, who came the year before, this relationship being continued until Doctor Hull's death, about 1859. Later Doctor Jones was associated with Doctor Noecker for two years. He continued in the active practice of his profession here up to the time of his death, covering a period of forty years, and not to know Doctor Jones was to argue oneself unknown in Piatt county. His patronage was large and of an important character. In the early days he underwent the usual experience of the physician in a frontier district, took long drives across the countrv, in all kinds of weather, and often over almost impassable roads, but he was always prompt in responding to the call of the sick and suffering, and his broad sympathy arid charitable spirit led him to give his services often when he knew there was little hope of financial remuneration. In later years his practice was confined more closely to the city, and his professional services were so effective in checking disease that his work made constant and heavy demands upon his time and attention. In April, 1862, during the Civil war, the Doctor entered the volunteer service as assistant surgeon, being commissioned by Governor Yates and assigned to the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, which was made up of Piatt and DeWitt county men. He was present at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and for seven months aided in caring for the sick and wounded.

On the 28th of April, 1857, Dr. Jones was united in marriage to Miss Sarah E. Short, of Mechanicsburg. Illinois, a daughter of Rezin and Mary (Rawlins) Short. The father was a native of Virginia, and after some years' residence in Ohio, he removed from Washington Court House, that state, to Sangamon county, Illinois. His wife was a native of Bloomingburg, Fayette county, Ohio, and a daughter of Judge Samuel Rawlins, of that county, who was born near Lexington, Kentucky, July 25, i8it, and became a distinguished citizen of Ohio. Unto the Doctor and Mrs. Jones were born two children who are yet living: Martha A. and Byron P., at home.

Mrs. Jones was educated at Washington Court House, Ohio, and in the Cooper Seminary, of Dayton, Ohio, and is a most estimable and cultured lady. She now owns a valuable farm of one hundred and twenty a farm of eighty acres near Taylorville, Illinois. This property was left to her by her husband, who passed away in 1896. He was for many years a prominent and honored citizen of Piatt county, a successful physician and a gentleman of kindly spirit. He attained success in his profession by close application, ready adaptability and broad reading, and he was an ideal follower of his calling, having the highest regard for the ethics of the medical fraternity. The Doctor was a writer of ability, especially poetry, and was a man of rare talent in that direction. He was very fond of children and they loved him dearly.

Benjamin R. White

A detailed account of the life work and environments of Benjamin R. White would present a true and clear picture of pioneer life in Piatt county and of the development of this section of the state. He has for many years been classed with the leading and substantial agriculturists of the community, and his home is now on section 24, Sangamon township. He was born in Columbus, Franklin county, Ohio, June 21, 1851, and is the son of John M. and Rebecca (Williams) White, of Monticello.

Having spent the first thirteen years of his life in the county of his nativity, he then accompanied his parents on their removal to Piatt county, Illinois. He ha.d begun his education in Ohio, pursuing his studies in a log schoolhouse, such as was common at an early day, and after his arrival in the west he further pursued his educational training in order that he might be fitted for the transaction of business in later life. Through his youth he remained upon what was known as the White homestead, continuing with his father until twenty-three years of age, when he started out in life on his own account, renting a tract of land upon which he now resides, and which he has owned for many years. Shortly after beginning his farm work he sought a companion and helpmate for life's journey and was joined in wedlock to Sarah J. Seymour, a daughter of F. G. and Catherine (Parker) Seymour.

In 1880 he purchased eighty acres of his farm of Caleb Tatman, and as the years have passed he has from time to time added to his possessions, having, in 1890, purchased one hundred and twenty acres of his father's farm which adjoined the Tatman property, while in 1901 he bought one hundred and fifty acres of Patrick Mullen. These three tracts of land join and our subject now has more than three hundred and fifty acres, all in one body, constituting one of the finest farms of Piatt county. When he began farming here most of the land was raw prairie, and he tilled the soil with the old style plow, driving oxen as he turned the furrows. He experienced with the family all of the inconveniences of pioneer life. There are many hardships to be encountered, many difficulties to be met, but by persistency of purpose and adaptation of the means at hand he has mastered every obstacle in his path, and has steadily advanced toward prosperity. Upon his farm he has erected a residence which is a matter of pride to the entire community, and is built in a modern style of architecture, is commodious and attractive and is supplied with all modern conveniences. Throughout this broad land there are no finer farms to be found anywhere than are seen in Illinois, and Mr. White is the owner of one of the best country homes of Piatt county. He has three windmills of improved workmanship upon his place and four self-opening farm gates. There is a splendid orchard which yields its fruits in season and furnishes a large supply for the winter consumption. Around the home extends a well kept lawn adorned with beautiful shade trees and the fields are now under a very high state of cultivation. Mr. White has built every fence, planted every tree and shrub, made every improvement and brought his farm up to the high state of cultivation in which it is found today. He raises corn, oats and other grain and feeds cattle for the market. He has been exceptionally successful in raising hogs and his sales annually reach a large figure, He has also engaged in breeding full blooded horses, and in 1889 he went to Ohio, where he purchased what is considered the best lot of road horses ever brought into Illinois. He also became the owner of a high bred stallion, a sire of the brother of the noted race horse, J. I. C., which is known as Dictator. Mr. White certainly deserves great credit for what he has done in the county in this respect, for by introducing the fine grades of horses he has been instrumental in improving the horsed raised here, and thus in advancing market prices. Mr. White holds many ribbons won at the county fairs of the Piatt County Agricultural Society. At the fair held between the ijth and 2ist of August, 1891, he won three first premiums and the sweep stakes ribbon, the first on the stallion Dictator and three colts ; also a premium on the mare Rone Bell and her colt Maymorning: a next on the sucking colt Maymorning; and the last the sweep stakes prize on Rone Bell. At the fair held from the 2ist to the 25th of August, 1893, he took the first prize on a suck- ing colt, also the first prize on a horse and three colts, a first prize on a roadster horse colt, and the second prize on the same in the same ring.

Unto Mr. and Mrs. White were born six children : Edwin, who is at home with his father; Benjamin R., who died May 25, 1900, in his twenty-second year; Bessie, Seymour J., Richard P. and Maggie, who are at home. The mother of these children passed away April 9, 1889, and on the 6th of November. 1895, Mr. White was married to Lola M. DeLand, a daughter of George and Ellen (Converse) DeLand, who are now residents of White Heath. Mr. White's children have fifty-eight acres of land on section 36, Sangamon township ; twenty acres on section I, Sangamon township; and one hundred and twenty acres in Scott township, Champaign county, which came to them from their grandfather, F. G. Seymour's estate, and the tract is now under the supervision of the subject of this review.

Mr. White has long lived in Piatt county and has witnessed many changes here. He says that at one time he drove to Monticello to get his mail before the village of White Heath was known. At the postoffice there he was asked to take on some mail for the town of Lickskillet, now known as Centerville, Illinois. He consented and the postmaster threw several grain sacks full of mail into the back end of the sleigh. He drove home, let the mail stand in the sleigh over night and the next morning took it to Lickskillet, where it was thrown on the platform in front of William Smith's store, and the people then came and took the mail that belonged to them. This seems very odd when we think of the perfectly organized mail system of the country at the present time. The first year after Mr. White purchased his property he made enough off of his wheat to pay for his land at the rate of twenty dollars per acre, and have seven and a half dollars yet remaining to each acre. His substantially developed farm is an indication of his life of industry and thrift. He has worked earnestly and persistently in' order to gain a competence for himself and family, and to-day he is classed among the substantial agriculturists and stockdealers of this portion of the state. His worth as a man and citizen as well as a farmer is widely acknowledged, and all who know Mr. White entertain for him high regard.

Matthew T. Scott

Matthew T. Scott, who is now living a retired life and resides upon his farm adjoining the village of Bement on the northeast, is a native of the state of Kentucky, his birth having occurred in Lexington, on the 2Oth of January, 1840. The Scott family is of Scotch-Irish descent and was established in Pennsylvania at an early epoch in the history of America. Matthew Thompson Scott, the grandfather of our subject, was a native of Pennsylvania, whence he removed to Kentucky, locating in Lexington, where he became a prominent and influential citizen. He was one of. the best known of the prominent bankers of the south, and it was largely due to his advice and influence that the Kentucky banks did not suspend payment during the great financial panic of

Isaac W. Scott, the father of Matthew T. Scott, of Bement, was born near the city of Lexington, Kentucky, and after arriving at years of maturity he was engaged in gen- eral merchandising, and also in the manufacture of woolen goods for the southern trade, yarn being the principal commodity which he made. He was one of the leading citizens of Lexington and was held in the highest regard by his fellow men. His labors were of marked benefit in prompting the general prosperity, because of the extent and importance of his commercial and industrial enterprise. In connection with his manufacturing and mercantile interests he he was for many years the president of the Red River Iron Works Company. In 1833, when a young man, he journeyed through Piatt county, investing in lands for his father. From Sadorus Grove he made a trip of fifty miles and the only house which he passed in that distance was the Piatt house at Monticello, where he passed the night. He and his brothers were the first to introduce the system of tiling in this part of the country, and a great amount of wet land was reclaimed by them through this method. When they first began their tiling operations they were laughed at, and it was predicted by nearly all that their efforts would prove a failure, but soon the beneficial effects of tiling were observed by their neighbors and others followed their example. Isaac W. Scott continued to make his home in his native state, however, until the spring of 1874, when he came to Illinois and located in the village of Bement, there residing for a number of years. After some years spent in Illinois he returned to his old home in Lexington, Kentucky, where he is now living at the advanced age of eightynine years. He has always been a progressive and enterprising man and has accumulated a large landed estate. His wife died in the city of Lexington, in 1853, in the faith of the Presbyterian church, of which she was a faithful member. Mr. Scott has for long years been a devoted member of the same church, and in his political views he was a Whig until the organization of the Republican party, of which he is still an ardent supporter." This worthy couple were the parents of seven children, but only three are now living.

In Lexington, Kentucky, Matthew T. Scott spent the days of his boyhood and youth, and in its schools acquired his education. Soon after putting aside his textbooks he engaged in the ice business in Lexington, which he followed for a number of years. In 1876 he removed to Piatt county, Illinois, settling upon the farm adjoining Bement, which is still his home. Here he has resided continuously for more than a quarter of a century, and for twenty years he was engaged in general farming, but now lie is living a retired life, having leased the farm to a tenant. He still occupies the residence that stands upon his land, while enjoying a rest which he has truly earned and richly deserves.

In 1 86 1 Mr. Scott was united in marriage to Miss Kate W. Williams, a native of Georgia, whence in an early day she removed to Pennsylvania and then Kentucky, being a resident of Lexington at the time of her marriage. She is a daughter of Professor S. R. and Mary L. (Chappelle) Williams. Her father was principal of the Sayre Seminary for young ladies, at Lexington - quite a noted educational institution of that day - and he had formerly been a professor in one of the colleges of Pennsylvania. He became well known throughout the south as an able instructor and left the impress of his individuality and labors upon the educational development of that section of the country. Both he and his wife are now deceased.

and Mrs. Scott, six of whom are now living: Isaac \Y., who resides on the home place with his parents, was born in Lexington, Kentucky, November 22, 1862, and obtained his education there and in the high school of Bement. He is a farmer by occupation and assisted in the cultivation of the old homestead until a few years ago. He has taken a very prominent part as a political worker in the ranks of the Republican party, but has never sought or desired political preferment. Socially he is connected with the Knights of Pythias fraternity, in which he has passed through all the chairs, and he is now the oldest representative of the order in Piatt county. Those of the family now deceased are Joseph,, Louise Chappelle, Samuel W., Mary M., Matthew T., Margaret S., John W., and Henry S. Ethelbert Dudley and Lucian W. are still under the parental roof.

Mr. Scott holds membership with the Presbyterian church and with the Masonic fraternity, and in his political views he is a Prohibitionist, which indicates his views on the temperance question. He believes that intemperance is one of the greatest evils which to-day threaten the American people, and he has labored by precept and example to promote the cause of its suppression. All matters pertaining to the welfare of his fellow men. all that tends to ameliorate the burdens of the poor, all that tends to promote the progress and improvement of the race, receives his earnest endorsement.

Carlton J. Bear

Monticello. He is recognized as a man of exceptional business ability, executive force and keen discernment, who forms his plans readily and brooks no obstacles to their successful completion that can be overcome by persistent and honorable effort. He is very widely known as one of the most prominent farmers and stock-breeders of Piatt county and as a leading citizen of central Illinois he is well entitled to mention in the history of his adopted county.

Mr. Bear is a native son of Illinois, his birth having occurred in Mercer county, on the ist of October, 1856. His father, Jacob Bear, was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, November 29, 1816, and the grandfather, Peter Bear, was a native of Pennsylvania. After arriving at years of maturity the last named was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Casner, and they became the parents of several children, among whom was Jacob Bear, the father of our subject. He wedded Miss Jemima Casner, whose birth occurred October 15, 1828, in Pickaway county, Ohio, both being representatives of early pioneer families of that county. In 1834 Jacob Bear cast in his lot with the pioneer settlers of Mercer county, Illinois, removing to this state in company with Martin Bear, his brother. He was then a young man of eighteen years, possessed of energy and industry and desirous of gaining a good home and competence in the west. Ten years later, in 1844. he was united in marriage to Miss Casner and took up his abode upon a farm in Mercer county, where he continued to engage in agricultural pursuits for . forty years. He prospered in his undertaking, winning success through careful mnnagement and unremitting diligence. In 1884. however, he put aside the cares and responsibilities of business life and removed to New Boston. Illinois, where he lived retired un- til his death, which occurred March 19, 1893. His widow then came to Monticello to make her home with her son, Carlton J. Bear, and here died October 12, 1895. In the family were three children : Roland, who died January 14, 1871; C. J., of this review: and Clinton, who was born in Mercer county, Illinois, July 4, 1859.

On the home farm in his native county Carlton J. Bear was reared and in his youth attended the district school near his home. He also spent a short time in a select school and then returned to the farm, where he continued until his twenty-sixth year, giving his father the benefit of his services. He became familiar with farm work in its various departments and his broad experience proved of much value to him when he started out upon an independent career.

In 1882 Mr. Bear was united in marriage to Miss Bertha 'R. Mannon, who was born in Mercer county, Illinois, on the i8th of March, 1860, the only daughter of James M. and Sarah J. (Moore) Mannon. Her father was a prominent and influential citizen of Mercer county, where in 1856 he was elected county sheriff. He served most acceptably in that office and later was elected and served as circuit clerk. At the time of the Civil war he manifested his loyalty to the Union cause by enlisting in its defense, becoming a member of Company K, One Hundred and Second Illinois Infantry. On the organization of the company he was elected its captain, and his meritorious conduct on the field of battle won him various .promotions. In 1862 he was commissioned major of his regiment, and in October of the same year was promoted and commissioned lieutenant colonel, thus serving until the close of the war, after which he returned to his home in New Boston, where he died on the 24th of May, 1901.

Mrs. Bear was reared and educated in New Boston, and at the time of her marriage went with her husband to a farm in Mercer county, adjoining the old Bear homestead. There Mr. Bear engaged in general farming and stock-raising, and upon industry and enterprise he placed his dependence, using these as the foundation tlpon which to rear the superstructure of success. He made a specialty of the raising of hogs and cattle, and from his sales realized good profit. As his financial resources increased he added to his landed possessions from time to time until he had between seven and eight hundred acres, constituting a very valuable property. In 1888, however, he disposed of his landed interests in Mercer county and came to Piatt county, where he purchased two or three fine farms. He has since placed his capital in the safest of all investments - real estate - until he to-day owns over one thousand acres of Piatt county land, and no richer land can be found throughout the entire country than is to be seen in central Illinois. He rents a part of his land and the remainder is devoted to the breeding and raising of fine stock. He makes a specialty of high grade Aberdeen- Angus cattle, breeding from thoroughbred bulls, and he has some of the finest specimens of that stock that can be found in the state. He also is engaged in the breeding of Berkshire hogs. His bull at the head of his herd is Vice Consul. His farm is splendidly adapted to the purpose for which it is used ; there are commodious barns, outbuildings, and feed yards ; and, in fact, the farm is excellently well equipped for stock-raising. In all of his agricultural and kindred interests Mr. Bear has followed progressive methods and his efforts have been followed by most creditable and gratifying success.

six children : Paul C, who is a graduate of the Monticello high school ; Lee M., who is yet in school; Grace M., Ralph W. and Lloyd, at home; and one that died in infancy. In 1893 Mr. Bea^r built a residence in the eastern part of Monticello, constructed in attractive style of architecture and modern throughout, with all up-to-date equipments, and in its furnishings and interior decorations it indicates comfort, wealth and cultured taste.

In his political views Mr. Bear is a Democrat and served for one term as supervisor of Monticello township. He takes an active interest in the growth and success of his party, although he has never been a politician in the sense of office-seeking. He and his family are members of the First Presbyterian church, of which he is a trustee and elder. An intelligent and affable gentleman, he is a public-spirited citizen who takes a deep and helpful interest in everything pertaining to the welfare of the community along intellectual, social, material and moral lines, and he has gained many friends through his sterling worth of character.

W. A. Fleck

\Y. A. Fleck is now serving as postmaster of LaPlace and is also dealing in general merchandising here. He is a young man, and the success which he has achieved is creditable and argues well for a prosperous future. He was born in the village which is still his home, his natal day being August 5, 1875. His parents are James A. and Catherine (Horner) Fleck, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Crawford county, Illinois. The father came to Piatt county in

1870, settling in the village of LaPlace, -where he engaged in teaching school for several years. He also filled the office of justice of the peace and was engaged in the insurance business for some time. He then embarked in general merchandising here, and successfully conducted his store until 1902, when he sold his interest to his son, W. A. Fleck, of this review. He then removed with his wife to Decatur, and they are now living at No. 328 East Bradford street in that city. The father is there engaged in the grocery business in connection with another son, under the firm name of B. E. Fleck & Company, the store being located at the corner of Morgan and Marietta streets. Mr. Fleck is a typical business man of the west, always alert and energetic, and has attained creditable prosperity in the conduct of his business affairs. In matters of citizenship he is loyal and progressive, and at the time of the Civil war he served as a soldier in defense of the Union. Unto him and his wife have been born three children : Benjamin E., who resides in Decatur and is engaged in the grocery business with his father; W. A., of this" review; and Estella B., who is at home.

In the common schools of his native town W. A. Fleck obtained his education and afterward began teaching in Cerro Gordo township, following that profession for three years with creditable success. In 1895 he became a representative of mercantile interests of LaPlace, by becoming a partner of his father in the store which was conducted here under the firm style of Fleck & Son until October, 1902, when our subject purchased his father's interest, since which time he has been alone in business. He carries a large and carefully selected stock of general merchandise and the business methods which lie has there followed have commended him to the confidence and patronage of the public. In October, 1902, he was made postmaster of LaPlace, and is now occupying that position. He likewise has other business duties, being agent for the Hartford & German Insurance Company. His is the leading stare in the village, and Mr. Fleck is an enterprising young merchant, his life being typical of the progressive spirit of the times.

Mr. Fleck was united in marriage, December' 7. 1898. to Miss Minnie Carver, also a native of Cerro Gordo township and a daughter of Samuel Carver, who is one of the pioneer settlers of Piatt county and now resides in the village of Cerro Gordo. Mr. and Mrs. Fleck have two interesting children : Ethel and Bernice. They hold membership in the Christian church and are people of sterling worth, held in the highest esteem because of their many excellent traits of heart and mind. Mr. Fleck gives his political support to the Republican party, having endorsed its principles since he attained his majority. He is now serving as treasurer of Cerro Gordo township.

Socially, he is connected with the Woodmen Camp at LaPlace. A young man, he has already attained an enviable position in public regard and in business circles, and he is held in the highest esteem in the community in which his entire life has been passed.

General John L. Mansfield

the founder. His nature was too broad to bear the impress of the prejudices or peculiarities of any one locality. He was one of those great characters that seem to comprehend world-wide conditions, to recognize the trend of events which make history, and to understand the needs of humanity and our possibilities for development. He labored long and earnestly for the improvement of the race along those lines which prove of permanent good. He was a man of scholarly attainments, a lover of liberty in its broadest and best sense, an educator who regarded his mission to be one preparing the youth to meet life's duties, and a statesman who looked beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities of the future and labored for the good of coming generations as well as for those of the present age. Piatt county, during the years of his residence here, held him in the highest honor, and the town of Mansfield stands as a lasting monument to his memory.

General Mansfield was born in Brunswick, Hanover, Germany, on the 6th of June, 1803, and was descended from ancestry honorable and distinguished. His father, Ferdinand Lutz, was at one time minister of finance in Germany, and a man prominent in the affairs of the government, wielding a wide influence, but his brilliant career was terminated by death on the fiftieth year of his age. He was a man of broad education and desired that his son, John, should receive excellent advantages in that direction, so that capable private tutors were employed, who instructed him in various languages as well as in rudimentary and more advanced branches of learning. Later he attended some of the most advanced excellent educational institutions of Germany, being a student in the University of Leipsic and the University of Gottingen. He was, however, instructed at home until twelve years of age. He then entered a school, where he showed marked aptitude in algebra and other branches of mathematics, and later he was recognized as having few superiors in mathematics and astronomy in Germany. He was a favorite pupil of the great mathematician Gaus, and when eighteen years of age Mr. Mansfield was offered the observatory at-Gena, but declined the honor in order to further continue his private studies. General Mansfield's physical training was not neglected in the midst of his arduous mental discipline, and lie developed a physique and vigor which made possible the great performance of work which he did in later years. In youth he was very delicate and many believed that he would never attain his majority, but he sought out physical training which would develop bone and sinew, taking as his pattern his elder brother, who was a general under Napoleon, and was regarded as one of the most powerful men in the service of the Corsican. The result of his careful and systematic physical training was that he became an expert athlete, and was a leader among his fellow students physically as well as mentally, having frequent contests of strength, and with the sword.

While thus developing physically and mastering the principles of different sciences and gaining familiarity with various languages, Mr. Mansfield was also formulating . his character and giving shape to his own destiny. During these years of his student life he was giving much thought to the study of government, its purposes, its uses and abuses. He became a champion of free government and his argument and efforts in his favor largely molded the opinions of those with whom he came in contact. He became a leader in a free government movement among his fellow students, who demanded the recognition of the principles for which they stood. One night General Mansfield spent the night with some fellow students in a hotel. He was sought out by the government authorities, who desired his arrest because of his activity in the rebellion, and the next morning he was captured in the hotel, which was filled with soldiers, but their vigilance being relaxed for a brief period, he managed to escape by jumping from a second-story window. He lay in hiding all day and then fled to England.

Although General Mansfield could converse fluently in the French, Spanish, Italian and German languages and was very proficient in Latin, he coud not speak the English language, but after spending six weeks in England, he had largely mastered that tongue. Desiring rather a residence in "the land of the free" than on the "merrie isle," General Mansfield sailed for the United States in 1824, the vessel in which he took passage dropping anchor in the harbor of New York. From that time forward, in different parts of the country, he exerted strong influence over public thought and action, viewing life from a humanitarian standpoint, at the same time studying political, social and economic questions with a student's and statesman's grasp of affairs. In 1831 he became professor of mathematics in the Transylvania University, at Lexington, Kentucky, occupying that position for twelve years, during which time some of the most distinguished men of the country were among his students. Promotion came to him in the institution until he was made its president, and under his administration the university gained in reputation and in the extent of its patronage.

On severing his connection with Transylvania, General Mansfield devoted himself to civil engineering and surveyed and constructed the first turnpike through Kentucky. It was while he was living in that state that he changed his name, through an act of the legislature to John Lutz Mansfield. The influences of slavery caused him to remove north of the Ohio river, so that his children might be separated from the institution. A lover of liberty and of equal right, he became bitterly opposed to the system of human bondage then existing in the south, and in 1853 he took his family to Madison, Indiana, where he retired from active business life. A man of such breadth of thought, strong principle and firm convictions, however, could not but leave his impress upon the public mind, and the deep interests which he took in political questions and his marked patriotism led to his selection for political honors. Chosen to represent his district in the state legislature, he was a member of the Indiana senate for a number of years, filling a position in the upper house at the time of the inauguration of the Civil war. He labored earnestly for the adoption of the war measures which found their way to the statute books of Indiana, and he was a close personal friend and adviser of Governor Morton, the chief executive of the state during the period of the war. In 1860 he was made one of the electorsrat-large in Indiana on the Republican ticket, and he took an active part in campaign work, delivering many addresses, notably the one on the merits of the Dred Scott Decision, which greatly aroused patriotism throughout the state. When the war came on he did everything in his power toward devising means necessary to the prosecution of -the war, and he was also largely instrumental in raising troops for the front.

When the war was over and the preservation of the Union an assured fact, General Mansfield removed with his family to Indianapolis, where he . remained for several years, coming thence to Piatt county in 1870. He took up his abode in Blue Ridge township, where he had previously entered an extensive tract of land, and here he founded the town which bears his name.

In 1841 General Mansfield had been united in marriage to Miss Josephine A. Turner, who was born in New Orleans in 1821. They became the parents of nine children, one of whom, Colonel Fielding Mansfield, was the youngest colonel, with one exception, in the Union Army in the Civil war, and was for some years a manufacturer of St. Louis. Oscar is a prominent stockman and resides in Mansfield. Margaret became the wife of ~M. C. Straight and lives in Champaign. Maria, who has given much attention to musical and literary pursuits, is now living in California. The others have passed away. General Mansfield spent the last years of his life in the beautiful home which he established in Piatt county, and died September 20, 1876, at the age of seventy-four years. His widow, who was a most beautiful Christian character, and whose life was filled with kind deeds and gracious thought, has also passed away.

It would be difficult to analyze the life record of General Mansfield and so determine what was his greatest work. Viewed from many standpoints his career could be said to be a successful one. In the acquirement of a fortune he showed marked business and executive ability, and at his death he left to his widow an estate of over twelve hundred acres, most of which was improved, and therefore of great value. If his ambition was in the line of scholarship he certainly had reason to feel satisfied with the recognition which came to his broad learning. If he desired more than all else to influence his fellow men for the betterment of the race again he may be said to have gained that which he sought. Along all those lines he won distinction. His friends entertained for him the highest personal regard as well as admiration, and many in thought at least have breathed the spirit of the words :

Joseph W. Merritt, Sr

Joseph \V. Merritt, who is now serving as police magistrate of Atwood, has filled the position of justice of the peace for almost a third of a century with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. He is thoroughly impartial in meting out justice, his opinions being unbiased by either fear or favor, and his fidelity to the trust reposed in him is above question. He is regarded as one of the leading and most highly respected citizens of his community, and it is, therefore, consistent that he be represented in a work whose province is the portrayal of the lives of the prominent men of this section of the state.

Mr. Merritt was born in Augusta county, Virginia, October 28, 1838, and is a son of \Yilliam and Rachel 'A. (Fitzpatrick) Merritt, who were also born in the Old Dominion, of American parentage, and came to Illinois in 1854. The family located in Coles countv, this state, where the father, who was a mechanic, followed the blacksmith's trade for some years, but later engaged in farming. He died in Coles county in 1895, and his wife about twenty years previously. This worthy co.uple were the parents of nine children, five of whom, two sons and three daughters, are still living, but our subject is the only one of the number residing in Piatt county. The others are -all married and still make their home in Coles county.

Joseph W. Merritt began his education in the state of his nativity, and after coming to Illinois attended school in Coles county for a time. Under the guidance of his father he learned the blacksmith's trade in early life, and continued to follow that pursuit until after his marriage. On the i6th of January, 1857, he wedded Miss Irene Conly, a daughter of John and Jane Conly, who were natives of Indiana. Eight children blessed this union, namely : Joseph W., Jr., a resident of Atwood, who married Lula Samson; Anna, wife of Robert C. Sipe, a member of the firm of Sipe & Sipe, manufacturers of tile at Atwood ; Dazella, wife of Vinton Garrett, of Atwood; Elmer O., who married Alice McDonald and also lives in Atwood; May, wife of David Mumper, of Ouincy, Illinois ; Bert, who married Retta Gosnald and makes his - home in Decatur ; Claud, at home with his father; and Zeph, who married Bertha Marshall and is a mailcarrier in the rural free delivery service, residing in Atwood. The mother of these children died on the ist of April, 1901, and Mr. Merritt was again married October 6, 1902, his second union being with Mrs. S. A. Mo'nden, of Decatur, whose first husband was also a soldier of the Civil war.

When the south made the attempt to secede Mr. Merritt resolved to strike a blow for the Union cause, and at Charleston, Coles county, he enlisted June 4, 1861, in Company E, Twenty-fifth Illinois Volunteer

I 'Ast And Present

Infantry, under Captain West ford Taggart. He participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Stone River, Chickamauga, Perryville and Corinth, and in the battle of Chickamauga was taken prisoner. September 20. 1863. He was incarcerated in four different prisons - Libby, Danville (Virginia), Andersonville and Florence, and from the last named he finally made his escape, as the stockade was uncompleted at the time. While in hiding he was joined by a comrade, William Dozier, of the Second Ohio Cavalry, who made his escape shortly afterward and they traveled northward together, being seventeen days and nights upon the trip from Florence to Newbern. They were compelled to swim the streams, including the Pedee river in North Carolina, and had to travel mainly at night to avoid capture. They encountered many hardships, and it would have been impossible for them to proceed had it not been for the friendly negroes who gave them assistance. Finding the yellow fever raging at Newbern and that they would not be allowed to remain there, they boarded a ship that was sailing and went to New York city, where Mr. Merritt was in the Soldiers' Home for a time. General John M. Dix then gave him transportation to St. Louis, whence he proceeded to Springfield, Illinois. where he was honorably discharged from the service on the 2(\ of November. 1864. In the meantlime his family had given him up for dead, having heard nothing from him while in the southern prisons.

On the 3d of September, i86S. Mr. Merritt came to Piatt county and settled m Mackville with his wife and three children. the other children being born here. Purchasing a blacksmith shop, he continued to work at his trade until 1890. and later engaged in the agricultural implement business at At wood, until the tall of 1902. Since 1894 he has also been engaged in the manufacture of tile and brick, having purchased a tile factory at that time, and in connection with these varied business interests he has carried on farming to some extent. He bought seventy acres of timber land, which he has cleared, tiled and placed under cultivation, and built thereon three houses. He also owns about thirty-three town lots, and has aided materially in the upbuilding and development of Atwood.

Both Mr. and Mrs. Merritt are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he is prominently identified with a number of civic societies, including the Grand Army of the Republic, the Masonic fraternity, the Modern Woodmen of America and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, being the present treasurer of the Odd Fellows' lodge at Atwood. Since casting his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln, he has never wavered in his allegiance to the Republican party and has taken an active part in political affairs, serving as a delegate to numerous county conventions; to the state convention when Governor Yates was nominated and to the national convention at St. Louis when President McKinley was made the candidate of his party for chief executive of the nation. Since 1871 Mr. Merritt has served as justice of the peace and was elected police magistrate <m the incorporation of Atwood. He is also serving as notary public and for man}' years filled the office of trustee of Unity township. He has always been identified with the best interests of his town and township, and is regarded as one of the most public-spirited and useful citizens of his community. Mr. Merritt is a well-read man. nlways keeping abreast with the times, and over his life record there falls no shadow

George O. Higgins

One of the best improved farms in Piatt county -is the property of George O. Higgins. It is situated on section 12, Monticello township, and is supplied with all modern equipments and accessories found upon a model farm of the twentieth century. In his business affairs he is careful and conservative and he has placed his money in the safest of all investments - real estate. His life history proves conclusively that success is not a matter of genius, but is the outcome of clear judgment, experience and indefatigable industry.

Mr. Higgins was born on the 8th of September, 1846, on a farm near South Bloomfield. in Pickaway county, Ohio, his parents being John L. and Mary (Dean) Higgins. His father was born on a farm near Lexington, Kentucky, December n, 1817, and died December 27, 1885. He began his education in the common schools of Newport, Kentucky, after which he continued his studies in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was graduated, his father, John Higgins, Sr., having in the meantime removed to that city and established the third hotel there. When he was sixteen he and his parents went to Lawrence county, Illinois, where they spent one year. During that time he rode to mill on an ox and that animal was then used in grinding the grist. Mr. Higgins afterward returned to Ohio and at the age of seventeen years took a -drove of one hundred and five cattle over the mountains to New

York city, l.eing in the employ of Vin and Ned Williams, who in later years were well known throughout Piatt county as stockbuyers. Mr. Higgins continued in that line of business for many years, following it at a time when the nearest railroad point to his home was at Springfield, Ohio. In 1850, however, he discontinued his work as a drover and began farming in Pickaway county, Ohio, where he carried on agricultural pursuits until 1869. Attracted by the opportunities of the growing west and the rich land, he came to Piatt county in that year, locating on a farm six miles from Alonticello, on the Sangamon river. This farm is situated on section 22, Alonticello township, and to its development and improvement John Higgins devoted his energies until his death. When he came to this part of the country wolves howled around his cabin door. All was wild and unimproved and the work of progress seemed scarcely begun, but during the years of his residence here civilization has wrought many great changes in Piatt county, and Mr. Higgins bore an active and helpful part in its work. He was a prominent and influential citizen, one who enjoyed the high regard of his fellow men because his life was upright and honorable.

He was married on the 3d of August, 1838, to Miss Mary Dean, who was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, February 7, 1822. They became the parents of ten children, namely : Nancy Jane and Sarah Ann. who are now deceased ; George O. ; Harriet, who died when two weeks old ; Hannah, who is now the wife of Thomas Bendon, of Monticello, Illinois ; Katie, the wife of Joseph Lucas, who is living on a farm southwest of Cisco, in Macon county; Lucy A., the wife of John Duvall, a farmer residing near

Rochester, Indiana; William S., who died at the age of three years; Addie, who died when five years of age; and Joseph Dean, who married Sarah Coon and makes his home upon a farm west of Argenta, Macon county. All of the children were born in Pickaway county. Ohio. Mrs. Higgins, Sr., died February 20, 1880.

George O. Higgins pursued his early education in the Oak Grove school of Pickaway county, attending during the winter months, while in the summer seasons he assisted his father in the work on the home farm. He remained under the parental roof until the time of his marriage, when he came to Piatt county, Illinois. On the 7th of November, 1869, in Hocking county, Ohio, he wedded Miss Henrietta Brown, and with his bride he removed westward, settling on a farm in Springtown Lane where he rented a tract of land. There he lived for two years, at which time he removed to the Mc- Comas farm, south of the river, and for two years he rented and operated that property. He next lived on what was known as the Jerry Baker farm for three \ ears, and subsequently rented the John Kirby farm in Goose Creek township for two years. On the expiration of that period Mr. Higgins took up his abode in Effingham county, Illinois, purchasing a farm of one hundred acres on which he lived for three years. He afterward returned to his father's farm in Piatt county, and continued its cultivation for six years, during which time he rented his own land in Effingham county. On leaving his father's farm he removed to-the Henry Coonse farm, which he rented for two years. He next lived upon the Shephard farm, near Milmine, renting that property for two years, and on the nth of May, i88g, he purchased the north half of section 12, Monticello township, and is to-day the owner of this tract of three hundred and twenty acres of rich and arable land. He purchased the place of Preston Houston for forty-five dollars per acre and he traded his Effingham county property for a nice home in the city of Monticello. About three years ago he purchased one hundred and twenty acres of land in Macon county, Illinois. This is a splendidly improved property on which he pays an insurance of thirty-five hundred dollars on the buildings for three years. His home farm in Piatt county is a monument to his enterprise and labor. Since the place came into his possession he has erected all of the buildings which now adorn it, and there is no better improved property in all Piatt county. He paid for the tract ninety-five dollars per acre, and it is to-day worth one hundred and fifty dollars per acre. When it came into his possession it was in poor condition, having been rented for a number of years to tenants, who did not take good care of the property, but since coming under the management of Mr. Higgins it has been transformed by the erection of good buildings and by the care and labor bestowed upon the place, until now it is one of the best farm properties in all Piatt county. In 1892 Mr. Higgins erected a residence which was destroyed by fire two years later, the conflagration occurring on the last day of August, 1894. In 1896 he erected a nice house of eight rooms, supplied with all modern conveniences, and this home he now occupies. It is tastefully furnished and stands in the midst of a well-kept lawn. Mr. Higgins has also built two new barns and has put up two windmills attached to tanks, and the water is piped into the barns. There are two elevated driveway corn-cribs, and, in fact, no equipment of a model farm of the twentieth century is here lacking. He has fenced nearly the entire place with wire fencing, which divides the farm into fields of eighty 'acres. Altogether he has put up more than seven miles of wire fencing in the last two years, and he has laid over seventeen miles of tiling. He has planted several new orchards at a cost of two hundred and thirtyeight dollars, securing the stock from the Troy nursery. Great changes have been wrought in methods of farming since he first came to Piatt county, and with the progress made along agricultural lines Mr. Higgins has kept fully abreast. He feeds large quantities of all kinds of stock for the market, making a specialty of hogs, and he keeps fourteen head of horses and several mules for vise upon his farm. He raises annually from eleven to twelve thousand bushels of corn and oats', and his farm products find a ready sale upon the market because of their excellence.

The home of Mr. and Mrs. Higgins has been blessed with two children : Mary Etta, who is the wife of Charles Parks, who resides upon a farm in Piatt county; William S., who is married and lives upon a farm in Monticello township ; Catherine, who is the wife of a Mr. White and resides upon her father's farm in Macon county ; Atchafalaya, who died when three years of age; Cora, is the wife of Marshall Crites, and they make their home upon her father's farm north of Monticello; Isaac, who married Jane McKi'nzie and lives upon his father's farm ; Lila May, the wife of Charles Tabor, whose home is upon a farm south of Milmine ; Saclie, who is attending school; Lewis, who died in infancy ; and Annie, who is also in school.

principles. He has held the office of ditch commissioner for three terms, covering nine years, and is still the incumbent in that position. He has been school commissioner for nine terms, or for twenty-seven years. He and his wife are regular attendants at church services, although they do not belong to any religious denomination, and. they contribute liberally to the support of church work. Mr. Higgins is a genial, courteous gentleman, a pleasant, entertaining companion arcl has many stanch and admiring friends among all classes of men. His business career is notable on account of the splendid success he has achieved and because of the honorable, straightforward methods he has ever followed. His sagacity and foresight have enabled him to make judicious investments, while his diligence, indomitable energy and undaunted perseverance have won him a prosperity that numbers him among Piatt county's most substantial citizens, yet he has not only advanced his individual interest, but has done much toward promoting the general welfare and the county numbers him among its most valued representatives.

Allen F. Moore

Although Allen F. Moore is not a native son of Monticello, he has spent almost his entire life here, having been less than two years old at the time of his parents' removal to this city. As taken in contradistinction to the old adage, that a prophet is never without honor save in his own country, there is particular interest attached to the subject of this review, since in this place he has passed his active life and so directed his ability and efforts as to gain recognition as one of the representative citizens of Piatt county. He is well known, enterprising and successful in business circles, and has been honored with the office of mayor of Monticello, filling the position with credit, his administration being progressive, practical and beneficial. Many lines of advancement and improvement have profited by his co-operation.

Allen F. Moore is the eldest son of Henry V. and Alzina W. (Freeman) Moore, the former a capitalist of Monticello, who is engaged in the banking business and also has extensive realty holdings in Piatt county, where he has made his home for a third of a century. On another page of this volume extended mention is made of him. Allen F. Moore was born in St. Charles, Kane county, Illinois. September 30, 1869, entered the public schools of Monticello at the usual age. and was graduated in the high school with the class of 1886. He then further continued his studies by matriculating in Lombard University, at Galesburg, Illinois, where he was graduated on the completion of a three-years' course, in 1889. Going then to Chicago, he secured a position as a bookkeeper in a wholesale dry-goods store, where he remained for three years. On the expiration of that period he became confidential secretary to W. D. Hitchcock, a dealer in lumber, for whom he acted as bookkeeper, also having charge of the office. He occupied that position for two years, and then returned to Monticello in 1894. Joining the ranks of business men in this city, he took charge of a harness store in which his father was interested, conducting the business for four and a half years, when he closed it out. Soon afterward he purchased a controlling interest in the Pepsin Syrup

Company. He has since developed an excellent business, having a well-equipped plant, from which is sent out a large product to meet the growing demands of the trade.

On the 2Oth of March, 1893, Mr. Moore was united in marriage to Miss Madora Bradford, of Ouincy, Illinois, a daughter of E. F. and Emily (Prince) Bradford, of Quincy, the former being general agent for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. Mrs. Moore was educated in Lombard College, and it was while students in that institution that she and her husband met. Unto them have been born a son and daughter, Bradford V. and Mary H., but the latter died in 1899.

Politically Mr. Moore is an ardent Republican, unfaltering in his advocacy of the principles of the party, and for two years he served as alderman of Monticello. In 1901 he was elected mayor of the city. During his administration he instituted many needed reforms and improvements, and though he at first met opposition to his progressive measures, the people of the city now point with pride to many of the improvements he instituted. He is extremely public-spirited and anything pertaining to the welfare of the city is sure to elicit his attention and to find in him a co-operant factor.

Charles F. Mansfield

The family name of our subject is one of close and honorable connection with the history of Piatt county, and the subject of this review is now prominent in the affairs of the county, being one of its distinguished lawyers, who at the present time is serving as state's attorney, making his home in Monti- cello. He is a native, however, of Jefferson county, Indiana, his birth having occurred in the city of Madison on the 7th of January, 1863. He is a son of General John L. Mansfield, one of the most distinguished and prominent residents of Piatt county for a number of years and the founder of the town of Mansfield. Reared in the home of culture and refinement its atmosphere left its impress upon his character. Charles F. Mansfield was also given good educational privileges. During his early youth he attended a German-English school in Indianapolis, Indiana, and after accompanying his parents on their removal to Illinois he continued his studies in the public schools and under the direction and preceptorage of his father.

In the fall of 1878 he matriculated in Racine College, at Racine, Wisconsin, but not being pleased with that institution he spent only one year there. In 1880 he entered the University of the South at Sewanee, Tennessee, where he continued his studies for about three years, when he was obliged to leave college on account of ill health. His close application to his books had undermined his strength, and he sought rest and recuperation in healthful out-ofdoors exercise. Turning his attention to farming he found it the tonic he needed and was soon restored to his accustomed vigor. Not wishing, however, to devote his entire life to agricultural pursuits, he resolved to become a member of the bar, and took up the study of law in the winter of 1884-5. I" September of the latter year he entered the Bloomington law school, and on the completion of the course was graduated in 1887. In September of the latter year he entered the Bloomington law 'school, and on the completion of the course was graduated in

1887. In June, however, before the close of his college term, he was admitted to practice, having successfully passed the examination before the appellate court. At Springfield, where he acquitted himself with high honor, while attending law school he had the advantage of reading in the office of the firm of Fifer & Phillips, the senior partner being later governor of Illinois.

Admitted to the bar Mr. Mansfield opened an office and entered upon practice in the town of Mansfield, in July, 1887. In no calling to which man gives his attention does success depend more largely upon individual effort than the law, and that Mr. Mansfield has achieved distinction in the fields of jurisprudence at once attests his superior ability and close application. He has been retained as counsel in many important cases tried in the courts of Piatt and adjoining counties. A man of sound judgment, he manages his cases with masterly skill and also is a logical reasoner and has a ready command of English. His powers as an advocate have been demonstrated by his success on many occasions, and he is now an able lawyer of large and varied experience in all the courts. Thoroughness characterizes all his efforts, and he conducts all his business with a strict regard to a high standard of professional ethics.

On the 1 3th of April, 1839, Mr. Mansfield was united in marriage to Miss Minnie B. Van Meter, and they took up their abode with his mother at the old family homestead in the town of Mansfield, where our subject lived for thirty-two, years. Their union was blessed with the presence of a daughter, Minnie T. Mrs. Mansfield comes of a distinguished. Virginia family and was born in the south, while her parents, Joseph and Teresa (Hugh) Van Meter, were also na- tives of Hardy county, Virginia. In 1888 they removed to Salt Lake City, where they have since resided. Mr. Mansfield, his wife and daughter are members of the Episcopal church.

Fraternally, Mr. Mansfield is connected with the Masonic order, is also an Odd Fellow and holds membership relations with the Knights of Pythias and the Sons of Veterans. In the latter order he was elected major of the state division, and is prominent in its circles. He is also a distinguished Odd Fellow, has served as a member of the judiciary committee of the grand lodge of Illinois for three years, and during part of that time was its chairman. In 1896 he was elected grand master of the grand lodge of Illinois, and there is no representative of the order more widely and favorably known in the state than Charles F. Mansfield. He was active in establishing the Odd Fellows' home for old people at Mattoon, Illinois, and for several years he was editor and proprietor of the Odd Fellows' Herald, published at Mansfield, succeeding in this position Owen Scott, a former member of congress.

Mr. Mansfield is equally well known in political circles, having been an active worker in the ranks of the party for the benefit of local, state and national successes. In 1896 he was nominated on the Republican ticket for the office of state's attorney of Piatt county for a term of four years, and filled the position so capably that in 1900 he was reelected for a second term, which will expire in December, 1904. In January, 1903, in order to better discharge the duties of his position he removed from the old home at Mansfield, which he had occupied for nearly a third of a century, to Monticello, where he is now living. He has presented some of the most important criminal cases in this part of the state, acting as prosecutor in the Hickman murder case - the people versus Fred Fales, Otis Woolington, Lloyd Kincaid and Charles Beckhart. This case was tried in the circuit court in Monticello in September, 1897, eleven days being consumed in the hearing. This resulted in the conviction of three of the parties, the fourth, Charles Beckhart, succeeding in making his escape, since which time he has never been found. He is quick to master all the intricacies in a case and grasp all details, at the same time losing sight of none of the essential points upon which the decision of every case finally turns. He has a ready flow of language, and as a speaker is fluent, forcible, earnest, logical and convincing. His knowledge of the law, it must be conceded, is hardly second to that of any member of the bar in Piatt county.

T. G. Baker

In America where all are equal before the law and where success is the logical reward of earnest, persistent effort, there are many men who achieve prosperity. Mr. Baker is among the number who owes his financial advancement to his own labors. For many years he was actively connected with agricultural interests in Piatt county, and now he is living a retired life in Monticello, enjoying a well-earned rest.

He was born in Ross county, Ohio, on the nth of August, 1854, and is a son of William and Jane (Grove) Baker, both of whom were natives of Pickaway county, Ohio. The Bakers, however, were Massachusetts people, and the Groves were from Pennsylvania. William Baker, the father of our subject, followed farming in Picka- way county, Ohio, for some years, and in 1858 came to Piatt county, settling in Willow Branch township, where he purchased a tract of land, devoting his attention there to agricultural pursuits. He is now living a retired life in Beinent, Illinois, at the age of seventy-three years, and his wife has reached the age of sixty-nine years. They were the parents of four children : T. G., whose name introduces this record; F. M., a resident of Jefferson county, Illinois, where he follows farming; Mary, the wife of Thomas Lamb, Jr., who is engaged in farming, his home being in Bement township, Piatt county; Florence, the wife of Edward Hoover, who is engaged in the grocery business in St. Paul, Nebraska. The father prospered in his undertakings and now owns three hundred and sixty acres of valuable land.

T. G. Baker of this review was only about four years of age when brought by his parents to Piatt county. He acquired his early education in Willow Branch township, and later pursued a course' of study at Normal. Illinois. He began teaching at the age of nineteen years, having charge of what is known as Wild Cat school in Willow Branch township. He devoted five years to educational work, spending the entire time in Piatt county and during the summer months he assisted in the operation of the home farm. In early life he became connected with agricultural pursuits, and when twentyfour years of age he began farming on his own account. That year he was married, the wedding being celebrated on the 24th of April, 1878. The lady of his choice was Miss Emma Tallman, of Willow Branch township, a daughter of Douglas and Susan Tallman. Her father died when Mrs. Baker was three vears old, and Mrs. Tallman afterward became the wife of R. H. Farra. She is now living in Monticello, and is the second time a widow. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Baker has been blessed with two children : Susan and George, both of whom are attending school.

At the time of his marriage Mr. Baker began farming upon one hundred acres of land which he had purchased in partnership with his father. He continued to cultivate and improve that place for two years, and then sold his interest on the farm and bought seventy acres in Willow Branch township. Removing to his new farm he began its further development and with characteristic energy has since carried on the work. He added to the property all modern equipments, facilitating the labors of the family by use of the latest improved machinery. Annually he harvests good crops and thus receives for his labor a substantial financial return. He has invested in other land and now is the owner of three hundred and fifty acres in Willow Branch township, and he has a tract of eighty acres, adjoining the corporation limits of Monticello. He continued to farm on his original homestead until 1890, when he removed to the county seat, where he has since lived. He yet gives his supervision, however, to two hundredand twenty-five acres, and his other farm of two hundred and five acres is now rented. While carrying on general agricultural pursuits, Mr. Baker has also given considerable attention to the raising of stock, making a specialty of beef cattle, and his sales have added materially to his income.

In his political allegiance Mr. Baker is a Democrat, and for one term served as town clerk. He has also been assessor and school director and has taken a very active interest in school work and in maintaining a high standard of education here. He has likewise been a delegate to various conventions of his party and he is a valued and exemplary member of Fraternal Lodge, No. 58, F. & A. M.. in which he has served as secretary. His wife, a most estimable lady, belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church of Monticello. Mr. Baker is a broad-minded and intelligent man, and through reading has kept in touch with current events and the progress of the world. His business career is honorable and through keen discrimination and unremitting diligence he has gained a place among the prominent and prosperous landowners of Piatt county.

J. Frank Stanley

J. Frank Stanley, the editor and proprietor of the Hammond Courier, has resided in Hammond since March, 1902, and is now thoroughly in touch with its interests, laboring effectively and earnestly for its welfare. He was born in Clay county, Illinois, on the 22d of December, 1876, and is a son of Stephen and Sarah E. (Brackett) Stanley, both of whom were natives of Kentucky, whence they came to Illinois at an early day, settling first in Christian county, where the father was engaged in general merchandising for several years. He afterward turned his attention to farming there, which he followed for a few years, and later he removed to Ingraham, Clay county, where he resumed commercial pursuits, establishing a general store, which he carried on for some time. He then sold out and is now conducting a restaurant in Newton, having a good patronage. In the family are three editors : Int, who is editor of the Lovington Reporter, published at Lovington, Illinois ; Otis, who is editor of the Sainte Marie Tribune, of Sainte Marie, Illinois ; and J. Frank, of this review. The other members of the family are still at home with their parents in Newton, Illinois.

In the public schools of that place J. Frank Stanley acquired his education. At the age of sixteen he started upon his business career, going to Lovington, Moultrie county, where he learned the printer's trade in his brother's office, where he worked for six years. He mastered the business in every department, becoming familiar with every principle in detail, and was thus wellequipped when he decided to engage in business on his own account. Returning to Newton he there established a paper called the Newton Star, and also published the first daily paper ever issued in Newton. He continued his journalistic interests in that place until March, 1902, when he came to Hammond and established the Hammond Courier, which he has since conducted. He is the editor as well as the proprietor, and each week issues a journal that is a credit to the locality. The paper is published every Thursday and has a large circulation. Mr. Stanley has a well-equipped office and in addition to his large printing press he has a nice job press and does all of the job printing for Hammond and other villages nearby. He keeps well in touch with the progress made in the ''art preservative of arts" and in his business career, his thorough understanding of printing and his executive abilil y and capable management have brought to him a comfortable competence.

In 1898 Mr. Stanley was united in marriage to Miss Josephine Myers, a native of Indiana. They are well known in Hammond, where they have gained many friends during the period of their residence here. Mr. Stanley is independent in his political affiliations, advocating the men and measures that he thinks will promote the best interests of the county, state and nation. Socially he is connected with the Court of Honor and the Tribe of Ben Hur in Hammond.

Emor H. Mitchell

There is no more highly respected citizen in Piatt county than Emor H. Mitchell, .one of its early settlers. He makes his home in Bement after many years' connection with agricultural interests. He has watched the greater part of the progress and improvement which -have transformed Piatt county from a wild prairie district into one of the leading counties of this great commonwealth with its rich agricultural interests and its thriving towns, enterprising business affairs and educational, social and moral advantages.

Mr. Mitchell is a native of Ohio, his birth having occurred in Knox county, on the 5th of December, 1839. His paternal grandfather, Sylvanus Mitchell, removed from his native state of Massachusetts to Ohio in the year 1805, settling in Granville township, Licking county, where he engaged in general farming until 1823. At that date he took tip his abode in Knox county, where his remaining days were passed and where he died at an advanced age. He was of English lineage.