Stark County, Illinois - Chapter 23, 1887

Introduction

HE honor of discovering land in the western hemisphere has been variously credited. It is said, and on very good authority, that it was known to the people of Cartilage, as the Atalantis of Plato's ''Critias and Tiniaeus." Again, Saint Brendan is credited with its discovery in the sixth century ; while Powell, in his history of Wales, assumes that the Welch prince, Madoc, left his country in 1170 with his retainers, and made a settlement here. The works of those early settlers and explorers were of such little utility that notliing has been transmitted by them to posterity which might substantiate the claims of their latter day countrymen. Not so with the Tartars and others. Tiie ancient inhabitants of Uispaniola, Peru, Mexico, and even Canada, who came ma Kamptschatka, from China, Japan, and even from Africa, left behind them immutable souvenirs of their coming and their stay, and gave to tlie continent two great empires - Mexico and Peru. Then followed Sjiain with her Christian hero, the Genoese, Columbus, 1492; then England with the two Venetians, John and Sebastian Cabot, 1497; then Portugal with the Florentine, Yespucius, 1501; then the French explorers, Cartier, Marquette, - Joliet, La Salle, Allouez, Dablon, and hundreds of other Frenchmen who explored and wrote and preached. The record of discovery by Europeans, as accepted, is as follows : Christopher Columbus, San Salvador, 1492 ; John and Sebastian Cabot, Labradoi-, 1497; Americus Vespucius, l^)razil. 1501 ; Caspar Cortereal, Canada, 1501 ; Ponce de Leon, Florida, 1512 ; Juan Verazani, Coast of North Carolina, 1524; Jaccpies Cartier, Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1534; Hernandez Cortes, California, 153() ; Ferdinand de Soto, Mississippi river, 1541 ; Samuel Champlain, River St. John, ir;o4; Henry Hudson, Hudson river. 1(509, Marquette, Joliet, La Salle, Upper Lake and Mississippi region ; Verandrye, DeSmet, Rocky Mountains.

an<l instruments. The written records of their occu])atioii'" are scarce and uiiintelli*^ibk'. The Indian inhabitants number over a quarter of a uiillion (2()0,079j and are gTou])ed as follows : Apaches, New Mexico, 7,300 ; Arrapahoes. LT])per Platte river, 720 ; Arrapahoes, Upper Arkansas river, 8,000 ; iVrricarees, Upper Missouri river. 1,080; Assiniboines, Upper Missouri river, ;->,280 ; Ulackfeet, I'pper Missouri river, 2,0S0 ; Bloods, Upper Missouri river, 2,400; Brules, Up])er Missouri river, 1,120 ; California Tribes, California, 33,590 ; Canianches, U])per Arkansas river, 1.800; Cayugas, Senecas, New York, 147; Cherokees, West Arkansas river, 17,530; Cheyennes, Upper Platte river, 1.800; Cheyennes, Upper Arkansas river, 1,600 ; Chickasaws, AVest Arkansas river, 4,287 ; Chippewas of Lake Superior, Michigan, AVisconsin and Minnesota, 4,940; rhi])pewas of the Mississi])|)i river, Minnesota, 4,028 ; Chi[)j)ewas and Ottawas, Michigan, 5,0(>6 ; ('liij)])ewas of Saginaw and Swan Creek, JVIichigan, 162.<;Chi])})ewas, with Pottawatoniies, Michigan, 247 ;Choctaws, West of Arkansas, 16,000; Christian, orMunsees, Kansas, 90 ; Creeks, West of Arkansas, 25,000 ; Crows, U]iper Missouri rivei', 3,900 ; Delawares, Kansas, 1,071 ; (Iros Ventres, U])per Missouri river, 1,000 ; lowas, Nel)raska. 291; Kansas Kaws, etc., Kansas, 741 ; Kaskaskias, Weas, Peorias, Weas Miamis, and Piankeshaws, Kansas, 384 ; Kickapoos, Kansas, 34o; Kiawas, Upper Arkansas river, 1,800; Mandans, I^])))er Arkansas river, 120; Menominees, Wisconsin. 1,724; Miamis, Indiana, 384 ; Miss(nii*is ancH)tt<)es. Nebraska, 470; Minnecongoux. Upper Missouri river, 1,280. Muhauche, Utahs, New Mexico, 5(')() ; Navajoes and Mo(]uis, New Mexico, 15,000 ; Oniahas. Nebraska, 953 ; Onondagas, New Yoi'k, 422 ; Oniedas. New York, 160; Oniedas with Onondagas, New York, 7o ; Oneidas with Stockln'idge, etc., Wisconsin, 323 ; Oregon Tribes, Oregon. 13,001) ; Osages, West of Arkansas, 4,098 ; Pawnees (four l)ands). Nebraska, 3,414 ; Pri dos Mescaleros, etc.. New Mexico, 4oo ; Poncas. Nebraska. 864; Pottawatoniies with Kickapoos, Kansas, {'>U ; Pottawatoniies of Huron. Michigan, 50; Pottawatoniies at Agency ]iroper, Kansas. 2,25!t; Pueblos. New Mexico, 10,000 ; Qua])aws, West of Arkansas. 314 : Sacs and Foxes (Mississippi), Kansas, 1.280; Sacs and Foxes (Missouri), Nebraska, 96; Sans Arcs, Uj)per Missouri river, l,(iOO ; Senecas, New York. 2,988; Senecas, with Shawnees, West of Arkansas, 159 ; Seniinoles, West of Arkansas, 2,500 ; Snawnees, Kansas, 830 ; Sioux of the M!ssissip])i, Upper Missouri river, 8,686 ; Sioux of the Missouri, Upper Platte river, 6,000 ; Stockbridge, with Munsees. Wisconsin, 323 ; Tus(^aroras. New York. 305 ; Two Kettles, Upper Missouri river, 96o ; Utah Tribes, Utah, 1.200 ; Utahs (New Mexico), New Mexico, 2,500; Uncopapas, Upper Missouri river, 2,680; Washington Territory Tril)es, AVashington Ter ritory, 14,000 ; AYinnebagoes, Upi)er Missouri river, 2,256; Wyandots, Kansas. 435; Yanctonnais (Missouri), Upi)er Missouri river, 3,840. Since the Revolution many of these tribes have been constantly u]) in arms against the whites. ' The Indian AVar of 1790, the Barbarv AVar of lSo;j, the Tecumseh AVar of 1804, the British Indians AVar of 1S12. 15, tne Algerine AVar of 1815, the first and second rebellions of the Seminoles, 1817 and 1835, the Black Hawk War of 1832, the Minnesota Massacre of 1862, the Peigan AVar of 1867, the Sioux War of

1875-8, the Nez Perces War of 1877, and the Apaches War of 1883, with a thousand other minor affairs convey an idea of the manner in which tlie conquest of tlie Indian nations was affected.

From the tlays of (Joi'tez and Pizarro to our own times war has been waged at interv^als throughout the two Americas. In our own country the following named wars have engaged the attention of the inhabitants from ir>75 to 188)'. : King Phili])'s AVar, 1(375 ; King AYilliani's Wav, 1<)89 ; Dutch War, 1(;78 ; Queen Anne's War, 1744 ; French and Indian AVar, 1753 ; American lievcjlution, 1775 ; Indian War, 1790; Barl)arv AA^ar, 1803 ; Tecumseli AVar, 1S()4 ; AVar of 1812, 1812 ; Algerine War, 1815; First Seminole AVar, 1817; Black Hawk War, 1832; Second Seminole War, 1835 ; Mexican War, 184f) ; the Southern Rebellion, 18f)l ; Sioux AVar, 1875-78. Tlie lie volution ary War may be said to begin with the agitation against the Stamp Act in 17f>5, and to end with the inglorious surrender of Cornwallis to AA'ashington and Lafayette, October 19, 1781. In April, 1783 Cbngress notihed Washington of the treaty of peace just entered into, and on A})ril 18th, at Newburg, the commander-in-chief ordered the ^proclamation to be read at the head of every regiment, and religious services to be held. On April 19th, 20th, 21st and 22(1 festivities were the rule in honor of complete victory. Acting under AVashington's order of April 19, 1 783, preparations for the illumination of the victory building were made. The headquarters' regiments, then in Newburg cantonment, were ordered to cut and scpiare 124 pieces of timber to seven inches, deliver the same to Colonel Gouvion, the French officer in charge of the illuminations, and act under his directions in erecting the building. The regiments were Maryland Detachment, Fourth Pegiment, Jersey Regiment, Jersey Battalion, First New York Regiment, Second New York Regiment, Hampshire Regiment, Hampshire Battalion, First Massachusetts Regiment, F^ourth Massachusetts Regiment, Seventh Massachusetts Regiment, Second Massachusetts Regiment, Fifth Massachusetts Regiment, Eighth Massachusetts Regiment and Third Massachusetts Regiment. Tlie shoeless troops worked in the forest until the 20th of April, delivered the timber, erected the great frame for illumination, and thus celebrated the defeat of the British.

The troops of the Revolution were made up of 231,075 regular infantry and cavalry, and 5(1, (»33 militia. The states contril)uting were the free states, 172,819 regulars, and 45,91* > militia. Slave states, 58,255 regulars, and 10,123 mihtia.

Notwithstanding the utter rout and defeat of the English, that nation reorganized for revenge, and under many guises brought on the AVar of 1812. Their motto was, '* we will punish that ujistart Yankee nation, take its navv and some of its territory." Toward this end they dispatched 1,000 war vessels, fully manned and e(]ui])])ed. to ca])ture or destroy the 20 war slii])s of the United States. A few " Yankee" sailors swept this fleet from our ocean and sea coasts, destroying forever all hope in British hearts for the restoration of tyranny here. The defeat of Proctor's Enji'lish and Indians in Canada closed this last struggle for English su])reniacy.

the acquisition of some territory ; but above all formed a military school in which man}' soldiers of the Union studied the art of war, and prepared themselves to be of use in the greater struggle, then unseen, to preserve the Union itself.

The War of the Eebellion commenced in ISHl and ended in 1865. The fall of Fort Sumter was a signal for the u])rising of the people. The news of the calamit}' was flashed throughout the world on April 14, 1861, and earl}' the next morning the proclamation of President Lincoln was telegra])hed to the chief executive officer of each state. The prochimatious of the governors were issued April 16, 1861, and on that the same day every man within the loyal states was prepared to act a citizen's part. The number of men called for by the president was 2,942.71:8 and the number obtained 2,690,-101. The reenlistments brought the numl)er up to 2,859,132, while the number who commuted or obtained sul)stitutes was 86,724.

The troops furnished by the Southern States were, with the exception of those of Louisiana, nearly all white. Florida furnished two regiments of cavalry ; Alabama one white regiment ; Mississippi one battalion, and Xorth Carolina two regiments, one cavalrv. The calls of October, 1868, and February, 1861, were combined, and the product of the draft Julv, 1863, credited thereon.

In addition to above total, 63,322 men were obtained from the territories and secession states under the different calls. The draft gave 168,619 men. The number of colored troops was 186,097.

The Confederates succeeded in enlisting 600,000 men, of whom one thii'd were killed on the field or died of wounds or disease. The remaining 400,00u were captured, or became prisoners by surrender, or deserted. The total losses of the iS^orth and South a])proximated to 600,000 men. The war cost the United States about $4,000,000,000.

The Chronological Histoi'v of the United States has been pre])ared with great care. It covers the leading events in American history, and for this reason it must prove invaluable as a plain record and reference.

Chronology Of The United States

1758 Lord Howe killed in a skirmish at Ticonderoga, July 6. Abercrombie repulsed by Montcalm at Ticonderoga, July 8. Louisburg taken by Amherst and Wolfe, July 26.

1759 Ticonderoga and Crown Point abandoned by the French. Xiagara surrendered to the English, under Johnson, July 25. Battle of Montmorenci, July 31.

The Revolution; battle of Lexington, April 19; perpetual Union of colonies. May 20; Washington appointed Commander in-Chiof, in May; Marshal of France, by King Louis, in July, 1776.

Washington takes comnumd at Cambridge, July 3; Continental fast, .Tuly 20; Falmouth burned by Bi-itish, October 17; Montreal surrendered to .Montg(nnery, November 13; Battle of Quebec, December 31.

1776 Norfolk destroyed by British, .Tainniry 1; Bostcni evacuated by British, March 17; Battle of Fort .Moultrie, South Carolina, June 28. The Americans took possession of Dorchester Heights, March 17; Washington arrived at New York, Api'il 14; Battle of Long Island, August 27; New York abandoned by the Americans, September 15; Battle of Fort Washington, New York, November 16; Fort Lee, New Jersey, taken by British, November 18; (leneral Lee taken prisoner, Deceml)er 13.

Battle of Brooklyn, August 27; Howe lost 2,000, but succeeded in defeating Sullivan and Putnam, who lost oidy 400; New York evacuated by Americans; Battle of White Plains, October 28; Howe lost 300 or 400, but defeats Washington; Washington retreated beyond the Delaware, November 28.

Congress adjourned to Baltimore, December 12. Battle of Trenton, December 26; Washington defeats Rahl; the Americans lost nine men, the Fnglish 1,000.

Battle of Brandy wine, September 11; Howe defeats the Americans. Philadelphia possessed by the British, September 27; Battle of (Jermantown, October 4; defeat of Washington l)y Howe. The battle of Stillwater; l^urgoyjie defeated by Ciates, October 7. Saratoga, October 17; Burgoyne surrenders with 5,752 men.

from that day forward the career of Marie Jeau Paul Koch Yves Gilbert Motier, Marquis De Lafayette, has held a place in the history of America, and in the interest and affection of the American people.

1779 The battle of Stony Ferry, South Carolina, June 20. Tryon's third expedition against Connecticut, July. The battle of Stony Point, New York, July 15.

British garrison at Paulus Hook surprised by Lee, July 19. The battle of the Penobscot, Maine, August 13. Sullivan's expedition against the Indians. " The Battle of the Chemung," New York, August 29. Savannah besieged by the French and Americans, September, October. Paul Jones' naval battle off the coast of England, September 23. D'Estaing and Lincoln repulsed at Savannah, October 9.

Definite treaty of peace signed at Paris, September 3. American army disbanded by orders of Congress, November 3. New York evacuated by the British. November 2"). Charleston, South Carolina, evacuated by the British, December 14. Washington resigns his commission, December 23. 1785 John Adams, ambassador to England.

Bonaparte issued his "'Berlin Decree" November 21. 1807 liritish " Orders in Council '" ])rohibited coast trade with France, January 7. American frigate Chesapeake attacked by the Leoi)ard. June 22. British armed vessels ordered to leave the United Stales. July. British " Orders in Council" prohibited all trade with France ami her allies, November 11.

June 19. Invasion of Canada by General Hull, July 12. Surrender of Fort Mackinaw, Michigan, July 17. 'j'he first battle of Brownstown, Michigan. August 5. The second battle of Brownstown. August 9. Surrender of Detroit, Michigan, by General Hull, August 16. British sloo}) Alert taken by the frigate Essex, August lo. British frigaie Guerriere taken by the Constitution, August 19. The battle of Queenstown, C-anada, October 13. British brig Frolic taken by the Wasp, October 18. British frigate Macedonian taken by the United States, October 25. British frigate Java taken by the Constitution, December 29.

1813 The battle of Frenchtown, Michigan. January 22. British brig Peacock taken by the Hornet, February 24. 31adison commenced a second presidential terin, March 4. The battle of York, Canada. April 27.

1814 The battle of Tohopeka, the last of the Creek War, March 27. American frigate Essex taken by the Phoebe and Cherub, March 28. The battle of La Colle Mill, Canada, March 30.

1814 The battle of Fort McHenry, :\raiTl:uid, September 13. The battle of Fort Bowyer, Alalxuiia. 8epteml)er 15. The second battle of Fort Frie, Canada, September 17.

The British driven f rom Pensacola by General Jackson, November 7. The battle on Lake Borgne, Louisiana, December 14. Hartford Convention, December.

American frigate President captured by a British squadron, January 15. The Cayanne and Levant taken by the Constitution, Febi'uary 20. Tlie British brig Penguin taken by the Hornet, March 23. War with Algiers declared by Congress, March. Commodore Decatur sent against Algiers, May. 181(i Bank of United States re-chartei'ed for twenty years, April 10. Indiana admitted into the Union, December 11.

1817 James ]\Ionroe iuangurated President, Marcli 4. Mississip]n admitted into the Union, December 10. The Seminoles and Creeks commenced depredations.

1837 Michigan admitted into the Union, January 26. Martin Van Buren inaugurated President, March 4. The battle of Okechobee, Florida, December 25.

1845 Joint resolutions for the annexation of Texas signed. March 1. James K. Polk inaugurated President, March 4. Florida admitted into the Union, March 3. Texas admitted into the Union, December 29.

1840 'riiornton's part}' captured b}' the Mexicans, Texas, April 26. Fort Brown bombarded bv the Mexicans, Mav. The battle of Palo Alto, Texas, May 8. The battle of Kesaca de la Palma, Texas, May 9. Congress declared "war existed by the act of Mexico." May 11. Taylor crossed the Eio Grande and took Matamoras, May 18. Monterey, Mexico, surrendered to General Taylor. September '24. The battle of Bracito, Mexico, December 25. Iowa admitted to the Union, December 28.

The surrender of Vera Cruz to General Scott, March 27. The battle of Cerro Gordo, Mexico, April 18. The battles of Contreras and Churubusco, Mexico, August 20. The battle of Molina del Key, Mexico, September 8. The battle of Chapultepec, Mexico, September 13. The city of Mexico entered by the Americans, nnder Scott, September 14. The battle of Huamantla, Mexico, October 9.

1850 The death of President Taylor, July 9. Millard Fillmore inaugurated President, July 10. California admitted into the Union, September 9.

1865 Constitutional Amendment abolishing slavery, January 31. Columbia. South Caroliiui, cai)tured, February 17. Charleston. South Carolina, captured by Union troops, February liS. Wilmington, North Carolina, captured bv Union troops, February

22. Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina, ]\larch 10, 20. Battle near ([olds])oro', North Carolina, March 21. Battle of Fort Steadman, Virginia, March 25. Petersburg and Richmond ca])tured, April 3. Surrender of Lee's army, April 9. Mobile, Alabama, captui-ed by Union forces, April 13. President Lincoln assassinated, April 14. Andrew Johnson inaugurated l^resideut. A|iril 15. Surrender of Johnston's army, April 2G. Jett'erson Davis captured in Georgia, May 10. Close of the Gi'eat Bebellion ; hist battle at mouth of liio Grande,

The President was declared acquitted. April 26. 1861) Ulvsses S. Grant imiugurated Pi-esident, March 4. 1871 The "- Alabama Treaty '' was concluded. May 8.

James A. Garfield shot hy Charles J. Guiteau. at Washington, July 2. James A. Gai'field died at Long Branch, Septeml)er 1!». Chester A. Arthur inaugurated President, September 20.

A small majority giving New York State to G rover Cleveland, the nominee of the democratic party. 1885-6 The "Canadian Fisheries" and the "Cutting Affair" claimed some attention from the State Department. The press and people prevented a wanton attack on the sister republic of Mexicto.

Part Ii Chronology Of Illinois

[TE origin of tlie name Illincjis is variously credited. Some persons maintain that the early French explorers called it /.s/e a'fi,e JVois or JVut hiau(h while others are equally certain that the aborigines applied the name niini or Land of tixiperior Men. The first ]:)arty state that, while the ex])lore7's were en yoxte down the Mississi])pi, they camped on an island covered with a heavy growth of pecan trees, and there gfave this name to the countrv. The second party give the authority of Algonquin annals for the word Tl'tnrw(>l\ meaning men, and also quote the Otciiijiwe and C-ree adajitation of the word Jnln'ncol' and Itjlntiri)l\ as a})j>lied to the })rairie Indians in the same manner as Chicagok was ap]ilied to the red settlers along C/hicago river and their neighl)orli()()(l. This latter definition is accepted with very just reason ; for the once ])()wei'ful confedeiacy of tlie Illinois was in truth a race of superior Indians. This confederacy comprised the Tamaroas, Michigans, Kaskaskias, (Jahokas and Peorias, with representatives of the Miamis and Delawares, wiio, l^etween 1670 and 1675 retur'ned from the West and settled in this State. Some years ]>rior to ir>7<», in HJSS, those tribes inhabited the country south of lakes Erie and JMichigan, but were driven westward beyond the Mississippi by the Iroquois, where their eight towns stood in 1670, when Father Manjuette visited St. Es])rit, on Lake Superior. In 1673 Marcpiette and .foliet met them here, and two years later the former established the Mission of the Immaculate Conce])tion among them at Kaskaskia, seven miles below the present town of Ottawa. Four years after the establishment of this mission, in 1671>, La Salle found at least six thousand persons tlierc^ and four hundred and sixty lodges; and there they resided until the Pottawatomie war. when the power of the confederacy was shattered at Starved P,ock. The Sacs and Foxes inhabited the northwestern part of this State, and in later years became notorious as the allies of tlie Eno'lish. In 1S32 there were twelve Sac families and eight Foxes; while Kickapoos, Shawnees, Mascoulins, J^iankishaws, Pottawatomies, Otchipwes and Ottawas were represented in other })arts of the State, as related in the histoiy of tlie county.

Chronology Of Illinois

1G73 Return of the Illinois tribes. Exploration by Louis Joliet. Exploration by Father Mar()uette. Marquette's A'oyage up the Illinois and Desplaines Rivers.

La Salle descended the Mississippi, and named the country Louisiana. 1682-7La Salle visited France; brought out a colony to the Gulf States;

1690 The Mission of the Immaculate Conception removed from Old Kaskaskia. or Fort St. Louis, on the Illinois river, to Kaskaskia, six miles above the mouth of the Kaskaskia river.

1718 Settlement of Fort Chartres, twelve miles above Kaskaskia, by Mississippi Company . Settlement of Kaskaskia, six miles above confluence of Kaskaskia

1750 Father Vivier preaching to the Illinois tribes. He places the population of the five French villages at 1,100 whites, 300 blacks, and 60 red savages. The three Indian villages did not then contain

1765 The French flag replaced by the British flag on Fort Ohartres, October 10. Pontiac and two hundred French families settled on the Kankakee, near Wilmington,

States, when a territorial form of government was instituted, 1787 Ordinance for the government of the Northwestern Territory, Major-General Arthur St, Clair appointed Governor by Congress, Illinois a county of Indiana Territory. 1796 J. V>. Poiute au Sable, a resident of Chicago. Old Peoria abandoned.

1809 The Territory of Illinois organized. John Boyle, of Kentucky, appointed Governor by President Madison. Boyle declined this })osition, when it was offered to Ninian Edwards. St, Clair and Eandolph counties only political divisions of Territory,

Chkonology Of Illinois

General Gaines, commanding 1,500 Illinois volunteers, destroyed the Indian town, and forced Black Hawk's people to cede all lands east of the ^Mississippi, and settle on the west side of the river.

183'^ (iovenior Keviiolds collected 1.800 volunteers under comnuind of ]ii-ig!i(lier-(ieueral Wliiteside. This command destroyed Prophetstown, and })i-oceeded to join General Atkinson's division. The flight from Stiliman's Kun was one of the comicalities of this war. The assault on Apple Kiver fort. June, 183:2. Black Hawk and 150 wai'riors defeated by 25 men. (ienerals Henry and Atkinson at the battle of Eock river. Three hundred savages killed and 50 made prisoners, iigainst 17 whites killed and 12 wounded. Black Hawk and his special warriors, who escaped from the Rock river affair, were captured by the Winnebagoes and handed over to (ieneral Street. He was interned in Fortress Monroe with other hostile Sacs, until June 4, 1833. when the chief and his party were conveyed to Rock Island. Illinois, and there set at liberty. He settled near Des Moines, Iowa. In 1838 this old ally of the British died.

1834 - 5 Beginning of Governor Duncan's administration. Ajjpropriations aggregating i|10,230,0()0 made by the State. Town lot fever. Railroads for every man, or a money compensation. Legislators magnificently reckless.

when Thomas Ford was nominated to oppose Duncan. T'he Mormon war. Joe Sniitli and Hiram Smith killed at Carthage. End of Nauvoo Mormonism. Septembei", 1840. The action of the Gentiles narrow and unconstitutional. The Mormon exiles reached Salt Lake, July 21, 1847. Woi'k on canal resumed l)y Illinois and Michigan Canal Com})any. 184(3 Nine regiments (8,370 men) answered the call for troops to serve against Mexicans. Four regiments, or 3,720 men, accepted, (ienerals James Shields, Baker, Coffey, Harris, Hardin. Bissell, Houghton, McKee, are Uiirnes identified with this state in the Mexican war. 1847 River and Harbor Coiiveiitioii at Chicago. Jnlv5. State Constitutional Convention.

1801 Ten thousand volunteers offered before April 24. and -il^LOOO.Ono tendered by patriotic citizens. Captain Stokes and 700 men, of the Seventh Illinois Infantry, took 10,000 stand of arms from St. Louis arsenal. 1862 State Constitutional Convention.

18G5 T'he Asylum for Feeble-minded Children established by the act of February 15. First steel rail rolled in America at Chicago, May 25, 18(15. Illinois was represented in her own regiments by 256,000 men, and in other states by about 30,000 men. Great State Fair at Chicago netted $25().0()0 for soldiers' aid and military jmrposes. 1867 The Illinois Industrial University at Ilrbana was chartered.

burned was 17,450, and amount of direct loss, $190,000,000, of which $44,000,000 returned from insurance. State resumed control of Illinois and Michigan canah

The events since ISTl are of such a character as to come under the head of ordinary news. The return of the Illinois and Michigan canal into possession of the state, its cession by the state to the general gov ernment, and the redemption of the ])nblic debt, or state bonds, form the leading- events. The great strikes of 1877, 1886, and the anarchist troubles at Chicago last year, while engaging nuich attentK)n troni the ]H'ess, did not affect the course of business materially. Among the acts of the legislature, the most beneficent was tiiat regulating registration and voting at Chicago. Though sectional in its direct influence, it forms the entering wedge for equal justice tiiroughout the state.