Stark County, Illinois - Chapter 9: Mn.ltary History, 1916

Compromise Legislation Kansas-Nebraska Bill Political The Aaork At Home

At the time of the War of 1812 there was not a single Avhite man living within the present borders of Stark County. As previously mentioned, the United States Government, soon after the close of that war, set apart a large tract of land in Illinois, including the present County of Stark, to be given to those who had served as volunteers during the Avar. A few veterans of the War of 1812 afterward became residents of the county, though the most of them sold their land Avarrants to speculators for a small pittance. In the fall of 1800 a meeting of old soldiers of 1812 Avas held at Toulon, at Avhich probably a dozen Avere ji resent.

In the Black HaAvk Avar of 1832 the name of Thomas Essex appears upon one of the muster rolls - the only one from Stark County - thouiih the countA' Avas not then organized and there Avere but feAv Avhite men living Avithin its limits.

On INIarch 1, 184'.j. Congress passed a bill to annex the Re])ublic of Texas to the I'^nited States. This lirought on a Avar Avith ^Mexico, Avhich countiy claimed Texas, and Gen. Zachary Taylor Avas sent Avith the "Army of Occupation" to hold the territory until the boundary question could be settled. Taylor fought the ])attles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. defeating the Mexicans in both engagements, and on ]May 11. 1840, tAvo days after the battle of Resaca de la I'alnia, Congress declared that "war already exists by act of the JNlexican government," jjlaced a fund of -$10,000,000 at the disposal of the administration, and authorized the President to accept the services of 50,000 volunteers.

^Vithin a few days Illinois offered the President 8,370 men, but only 3,7-0 were accepted. These men formed the tirst six regiments of Illinois Infantry. A few Stark County men were included in the enlistments, but in the absence of nmster rolls it is impossible to give their names.

Soon after the establishment of the American Republic, the slavery question became a "bone of contention" that was gnawed at by jDoliticians for years in nearly every campaign. In 1808, the earliest date at which legislation on the subject could be constitutionally enacted. Congress passed a law abolishing the foreign slave trade. By 1819 seven of the tliirteen original states had abolished slavery. Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, ^Mississippi and Alabama had been athnitted to the Union as slave states, and Vermont. Ohio, Indiana and Illinois as free states, making eleven of each. This was the situation in 1820, when the people of JNIissouri asked for admission. After a long and somewhat acrimonious debate, that state was admitted under the i)rovisions of the act known as the "^lissouri Compromise," which agreed to the admission of 3Iissouri without any restrictions as to slavery, but expressly stipulated that in all the remaining portion of the Louisiana Purchase north of the line marking the latitude of 36° 30' slavery shoidd be forever i)rohibited.

The ^Mexican war gave to the United States a large territory, to wliicli the advocates of slaveiy laid claim. According to the views of the opponents of slavery, the "Omnibus Bill," or Compromise of 1850, was a violation of the terms of the ^Missouri Compromise, in that it sought to extend slavery north of the line of 36' 30'. The Kansas-Xebraska Bill of 1854 added fresh fuel to the already raging flames. The passage of this bill was one of the principal causes that led to the organization of the republican party, Avhich opjiosed the extension of slavery beyond the territory where it already existed.

In the political campaign of 1860 some of the southern states announced their intention of withdrawing from the Union in the event of Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency. The people of the Xorth regarded these declarations as idle threats, made solely for political effect. Through a division in the democratic ])arty. Mr. Lin- coin was elected and on December 20, 1860, South Carolina proceeded to carry out her threat to withdraw, a convention of delegates, chosen for the purpose, passing an ordinance of secession, declaring that all allegiance to the United States was at an end. IMississippi followed with a similar ordinance on January 9, 18G1; Florida, .January 10th; Georgia, January 19th; Louisiana, January 26th, and Texas, February 1, 1861. On February 4, 1861, delegates from six of these states (Texas was not represented) met at Montgomery, Alabama, adopted a i)rovisional constitution, elected Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, provisional president, and Alexander H. Stephens, of Georgia, provisional vice president of the "Confederate States of America." Davis and Stephens were inaugurated on 1^'ebruary 22, 1861, the anniversary of tiie birth of George ^Vashington.

Hence it was that when ^Ir. Lincoln was inaugurated on iVIarch 4, 1861, he found seven states, with an organized government, in open opposition to his administration. Notwithstanding this serious condition of affairs, the President, his inniiediate advisers and the people of tlie North generally, entertained the hope tliat the situation could be met without an open rupture between the North and South, and that the citizens of the seceded states could be persuaded to return to their allegiance. Vain hope!

About the beginning of the year 1861, Maj. Robert Anderson, who was in connnand of all the defenses of the harbor at Charleston, South Carolina, decided that Fort Sumter offered a better opportunity for defense than Fort Moultrie, where he and his garrison were stationed. Secretly removing his stores and men, he ordered the guns at Fort INIoultrie to be spiked, rendering them unlit for ser\ice. JNIajor Anderson's action immediately raised a storm of protest from the secessionists. They claimed that the removal to Fort Sumter was a violation of an agreement made with President Buchanan. Lincoln's predecessor. On the other hand the people of the North upheld Anderson and the northern press was almost a unit in demanding that additional supplies be sent to Anderson, and tliat he be given a force sufficient to hold the fort. President Buchanan was still in office, and not liking to invoke too much criticism from the loyal North, he sent the steamer Star of the West, with 2.50 men and a stock of ])rovisions, mmiitions of war, etc., to Fort Sumter. On January 9. 1861. as tlie vessel was passing iMorris Island, she was fii-ed upon by a masked battery and forced to turn back. This incident is regarded in the official records as the beginning of the Civil Mai-, thougli the popular awakening did not come until about three months later.

Early in A])i-il, 18G1, General Beanregard, who was in command of the Confederate forces at Charleston, opened negotiations A\ith Major Anderson looking to the evacuation of Fort Sumter. Anderson's provisions were running low and on April 11, 1861, he advised General Beauregard that the fort would he vacated on the 1.5th, uidess orders were received from the war department to remain and the needed sui^ijlies were sent to the garrison. This answer was not satisfactory to Beauregard, who feared that Anderson might be reinforced before that time. He therefore sent back the reply, at 3:20 A. ]\L on Friday, April 12, 1861, that within an hour fire would be opened upon the fort. At 4:30 Capt. (ieorge Janes, commanding a battery at Forf Johnson, fired the signal gun and the shell l)urst almost directly over the fort. A few moments later a solid shot from a liattery on Cummings Point went crashing against the walls of Fort Sumter. The war had begun.

The garrison responded promptly and the cannonading continued throughout the day. Fire broke out in one of the casemates of the fort, which was observed by the Confederates, who increased their fire, hoping to force a surrender. Anderson held out against desperate odds until Sunday morning, when he was permitted to leave the fort with honors of war, even saluting his flag with fifty guns l)ef'ore hauling it down.

the telegraph flashed the news of Sumter's sin-render through the North, all hope of conciliation was abandoned. Political differences of the past were forgotton in the insult to the flag, and there was but one sentiment: "The Union must and shall be jn-eserved." On INIonday, April lo, 1861, President Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 7.5,000 militia and appealing to "all loyal citizens for state aid in this effort to maintain the laws, integrity, national union, perpetuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs long enough endured."

The first war meeting in Stark County was held at Toulon on INIonday evening, April 15, 1861, the very day that the President issued his call for 75.000 volunteers. Judge Elihu N. Powell presided and James A. Henderson was chosen secretary. George A. Clifford, Dr. William Chamberlain, J. H. Howe, Levi North, Alexander ^Ic- Coy and Thomas J. Henderson all made short addresses urging the necessity for united action in support of the national administration. Among the resolutions - unanimously adojited - was the following:

"That in the present crisis ol' our country, we will ij-nore all uure l^arty considerations and uphold the administration in enforcing the laws North and South, and in putting down rebellion wherever it may arise. And to that end we invoke the entire power of the Government, and we hereby adopt as our motto those memorable words uttered long since by a patriot now in his grave: 'Liberty and Union now an<l forever, one and inseparable.' "

Wiieii the war commenced the prevailing opinion throughout the North was that it would be of short duration - a mere "breakfast s])ell." That this view was entertained by the President is seen in his first call for only T.j.OOO troops, which he thought would be sufficient to suppress the rebellion. Before the conclusion of the conflict ()\'er two million loj^al citizens of the North had been called into military service. Illinois prom])tly responded to each call for volunteers and during the war furnished 18.5,l»41 infantry, ;J2.()82 cavalry, and 7,277 artillery, a grand total (not including reenlistments) of 22.), 800 men. Stark County was represented in thirty-six infantry regiments, five cavalry regiments, and the Second Light Artillery. Having furnished six regiments of infantry in the ^lexican war, the first regiment that went out from Illinois in 1801 was the

Seventh Ixfaxtry

This regiment was mustered in at Camp Yates on April 2.5, 18()1, for three months service, during which time it was on guard duty at Alton, Cairo, St. Louis and other points. It was reorganized for the three years' service on July 2.3, 18r>l. Early hi 18(52 it joined the army under Gen. U. S. Grant, took part in the capture of Fort Donelson and the battle of Shiloh, after which it continued in service in Mississippi and Tennessee. It was veteranized in December, 18(5.'3, and in Company B of the Veteran Seventh the following men were credited to Stark County: Hugh J. Cosgrove, ca])tain; George II. 31ai'tin, first lieutenant; Andrew Nelson and Isaiah V. Bates, sergeants; Alexander Headley and Henry Stauffer, corporals.

Isenberg, James L. Jarman, John ^lartiii, John Otto, Patrick Plill- Ih'II. FraiikHn Pratt. Timothy liatclift', Henry Rouse, John Rouse, William Shipley, ^lason Stauli'er, Jotham K. Taylor, vStephen Timmons, Edward H. Trickle, David White, Henry H. Witcher, Benjamin Witter and William Zumwalt. The regiment was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky. July 0. 1865.

Early Enlistments

In several of the first regiments that went out from the state there were one or more Stark County men. Henry Speers A\as a recruit in Company C, Eleventh Infantry; Thomas Carroll was a private in Company H, Twelfth Infantry, until wounded and discharged in August, 1862; jNIichael Casey, Thomas Doyle, James IMaloney and Frank Williamson were enrolled in Conqjany C, Fourteenth Infantry; in the same regiment Thomas J. ^larshall and John Xorris served in Company E; Livingston Sharrach, Company G; and Samuel A. Patten was a corporal in Company H ; Thomas D. Bonar and David ^V. Snyder enlisted as privates in Company D, Seventeenth Infantry, in May. 1861; and in Company F. Fjighteenth Infantry, were George W. Bowers, Charles McLaughlin, John Gladden and John P. Smith.

Nineteenth Infantry

Not until the organization of the X'ineteenth Infantry, in June, 1861, was Stark County enabled to furnish a full company for the \()lunteer service. Before the President issued his first call for troops, Capt. Charles Stuart had commenced the formation of a comjiany called die "Elmira RiHes." This company was mustered in as Com- ])auy B, Xineteentli Infantry, which regiment was commanded by Col. John B. Turchin. At the time of the muster in it was officered as follows:

Captain, Charles Stuart; first lieutenant, Stephen W. Hill; second lieutenant, Alexander ]Murchison. Captain Stuart resigned on Juh' 15, 1862, and Lieutenant JNIurchison was promoted to the command of the company. Lieutenant Hill having resigned in X^o\ ember, 1861.

Sergeants - John S. Pashley, William Jackson (promoted first lieutenant), John H. Hunter (promoted second lieutenant), James G. Boardman, James INIontooth.

On the r2th of July the regiment was ordered to Quincy. where it arrived the next day, and was immediately sent to the line of the Hannibal & St. Joseph llailroad in Missouri. It was next sent to St. Ijouis. where it remained for a few weeks, when it joined General Buelfs Army of the Ohio in Tennessee. After seeing the Nineteenth drill, GeTieral Buell ])ronounced it the best drilled regiment he bad seen and assigned COionel Turchin to the command ol' the Eighth Brigade, Third Division, Army of the Ohio. The regiment was actively engaged in the second day's battle at Shilob: took i)art in the battle of Perry ville. Ky. ; formed part of General Negley's division in the battle of Chickamauga, and took part in the military ojjerations around Chattanooga in the fall of 180.'}. especially the engagement at Missionary Ridge. In the spring of 1864 it joined the army commanded by Gen. W. T. Sherman for the Atlanta campaign and took jjart in several engagements before it was mustered outon July 9, 18t)4.

Thirty-Third Ixfaxtry

The next regiment in which Stark County was represented by any considerable number of men was the Thirty-third, in which a large ])art of Company B came from little old Stark. Of that company C. Judson Gill was mustered in as first lieutenant and promoted to captain in January. 1803. Xelson G. Gill, who Avas mustered in as a sergeant was promoted to first lieutenant, and Walter T. Hall, who entered the service as a corporal, was promoted to sergeant.

John Peterson and Adam Rush served in Company K of the Thirty-third, which was mustered into the United States service in August. 1861. It served in ^Missouri and Arkansas until the spring of 1863, when it was ordered to join General Grant's army for the siege of Vicksburg. The regiment was in action at Champion's Hill, Port Gibson and the Black River Bi-idge. After the surrender of Yicksburg it took part in the battle of Jackson. ^liss. In August, 1863. it was assigned to the Thirteenth Corps and ordered to Eouisiana. Its last active military service was in the movement against jNIobiie in the sjjring of 186.5. and on Xovember 24, 186.?. it was mustered out.

About the time the comi)any known as the Elmira RiHes was organized, the patriotic people of Goshen Township organized the "Fafavette Rifles," under command of Ca})t. Charles V. Dickinson. The comi)any entered the service as Company B. Thirty-seventh Infantry, with Charles V. Dickinson as captain: Cassimir P. Jackson, first lieutenant: Francis A. Jones, second lieutenant; David L. Ash,

William X. Perry and Fayette Lacey, sergeants; Oliver S. Risdon, Thomas J. ]Mel3aniel, Luman P. Ilimes, Chillon R. Redtield, Joshua S. Dudley, James S. Lundy. John A. Perry and William Nieholson, corporals: and George Ransom, musician. Lieutenant Jackson resigned on July 1>, 18<>2, and Lieutenant Jones was promoted to the vacancy, Sergeant Ash being made second lieutenant. Corporals Risdon ami McDaniel were promoted sergeants, and Corporal Himes rose to the rank of first lieutenant.

The Thirty-seventh was mustered in at Chicago early in September. 1861, and soon afterward was ordered to Arkansas. In January. 1802. it was in the battle of Pea Ridge, after which it was engaged at Fayetteville, Newtonia and Prairie Grove. During the remainder of its service it was in a number of battles and skirmishes and was mustered out in May. 18(16.

Fourteen Stark County men served in this regiment, to wit : Hcniy Boyle. Company B ; James Hall, Frank Horn, Robert jNIiller and John W. Shoemaker, Company D; Cyrenus Dewey. Case D. Dubois, Sanuiel P. Hankins and Amos Hodges, Com|)any F; Silas Avery, Mordecai Bevier, Joseph G. Fowler, Springer Galley and Thomas W. Oziah, Company K.

The regiment was mustered in at Chicago in Sejitember, 1861; served in ]Missouri and Kansas until the spring of 18()2; was then in Mississippi for a short time; took part in the engagements at Stone's

River, on the Tullahoma cami)ai^n, Chickaniauga and Missionary Ridge; was with Sherman in the Athnita campaign of 1864 and participated in a number of the actions incident to that movement, incliuhng the charge at Ivenesaw JMountain, Peaclitree Creek and Atlanta. In September, 1864, it was ordered to New Orleans and served in the Department of the Gulf until mustered out on January 10, 1866.

Forty-Seventh Infantry

Stark County Avas well represented in this regiment, having a few men in each of Companies A and D, and Company K was organized in the county. Charles S. Blood, who went out as a sergeant in Company A, was promoted to second lieutenant, and Benjamin Anient and Benjamin F. Ellis served as privates in the company. In Company D were the following jirivates: Nathaniel Childs, Alliert G. Conley, William Crow, Robert Davidson, Perry Kent, William R. Kiger, John ]\lcKinnon, Robert S. ]Martin, James Richart, Allen H. Spellman, William ^V. Stewart. Alva W. Sturdevant, Abraham A"andusen. James Drummond was a i)rivate in Company H, being the only Stark County man in that company.

The officers of Company K at the time of muster in were as follows: Jacob Jamison, captain; David DeWolf, first lieutenant (promoted ca2)tain) ; James A. Henderson, second lieutenant. Sergeants - John ]M. Brown (promoted captain), William H. Denchtield (jiromoted first lieutenant) ; Elisha Dixon, Philip A. Templeton, Charles Butler. Corporals - Adam Torrance, Charles D. Paul, Joseph W. Jamison, Henry Dixon, D. W. Davis, Henry Hixon, Charles Edmunds. Wagoner - John H. Waller.

The Forty-seventh was organized at Peoria in >;Vugnst and September, 1861. Soon after being mustered in it moved to Benton Barracks at St. Louis. It was first under fire at Farming-ton, ^liss., May 9, 1862; took part in the action of ^lay 28, 1862, at Corinth, wliere Colonel Tln-ush was killed, and in 3Iay. 1868, joined General Grant at Vicksburg. After the fall of Vieksbin-g it was ordered to Louisiana. When the men whose time had expired were mustered out in 1864. the veterans and recruits were consolidated with some from other regiments. The Stark County men in the consolidated Fortyseventh were as follows:

After the consolidation above mentioned the regiment continued on duty in Louisiana and Alabama. It was mustered out at Sehna, Ala., in January, 1866.

Sixty-Fifth Infantry

The next regiment in which Stark County was represented by any considerable number of men was the Sixty-fifth, which was mustered in at Chicago on ]May 1, 1862. In Company A were James K. iVllen, Ezekiel Bogard, Joseph Bogard, Asa Greenfield, Bethuel Greenfield,

Sylvester Greenfield and Robert H. Hitchcock. There were three jjrivates in Conijjany D - Finley ^IcClellan, William \V. Updike and Daniel P. White - and in Company G were Corporal John Richer, James F. Ausman, William H. Ausman, privates.

A mimber of men in Company L came from Stark County. George II. Brown was mustered in as a sergeant and promoted to second lieutenant; James K. Oziah served as corporal, and the following as privates: Isaac Bannister, Benjamin Blackburn, Stephen S. Burnham. Alfred Cornish, James Dalrymple, Freeman R. Davison, Chauncey Gardner, Henry C. Hall, Robert Heimessy, Harmon Ilochstrasser, Osro C. Huckins, Frederick K. Ketzenberger, Alexander C. Lord, Peter Xelson, Arthur R. Olds, George W. Pate, James C. Powell, Samuel C. Sharrer, William Shirts, Harvey L. Way. \V. W. Weaver. John Whitclier and Robert ^y. ^Vood.

The Sixty-fifth, sometimes calleil the "Scotch Regiment," served in ^"irginia until the sjjring of 1863, when it was assigned to the Army of Eastern Kentucky. In the spring of 1864 it joined General Sherman for the Atlanta campaign and was in numerous engagements, especially distinguishing itself at Lost Mountain and the charge at Kenesaw ^Mountain. Like the Forty-seventh, some of the veterans and reci-uits of other regiments were consolidated with tlie Sixty-fifth, and in the consolidated regiment the following men were credited to Stark County:

Company I - In this company Freeman R. Davison and Osro C. Huckins served as privates, and in Company K. George H. Brown Mas second lieutenant. The consolidated Sixty-fifth was mustered out on July 13, 1865.

Sixty-Ninth Infantry

Tliirty-onc men from Stark County saw service in Company D, Sixty-nintli Infantry, which was mustered into the United States service on June 14, 18152. Jedediah Luce, George ^V. Smith, Matthew Rounds and James Adams were enrolled as corporals, and the following- served as privates: oMoses jM. Adams. ^Villiam Rowden, Edward Rrown, Robert Royd, Lucius Church, \Villiam H. Davidson, Algernon Fitch, Ransom 1). Foster, William Foster, INlichael Gillespie, William Hamilton. David Ilimes, ^Michael Hum, Renjamin F- I^ewis, Henry R. Lewis, George ^V. McDanicl. Cieorge Pate, Kd- Mard Perry, Edwin R. Pomeroy, John AV. Rounds, Wilson Rounds, F^rederick Russell, Jasper Smith, Theron Wallei-, ^Villiam F. Wheeler, Lorenzo K. Wiley, Isaac INI. AVitter.

Eighty-Sixth Infantry

This regiment was organized at Peoi'ia and was mustered in on August 27, 1H()2. Stark County furnished nineteen men to Company E, and three men to Company II. George H. Smith was mustered in as a sergeant in the former company and was promoted to the captaincy on July 1.3, 18G4. The privates were: Renton Carrington, Joseph Carter, ^Villiam Cooper, Williaiu Dawson, Harvey Foreman (promoted to second lieutenant, but not mustered), Alonzo Goodale, James C. Hall, John A. Job, Andrew Xehlig, Thomas Reader, James ^V. Reagan, Tighlman S. Reagan, James S. Schank, Jacol) Schleigh. AVilliam F. Speers, John R. Waldron, Eli Wilson and Louis \V()odward. The three men in Company II were: Cyrus A. Fox, who was enrolled as musician, and privates Alexander Ilepperly and John Jenkeson.

The regiment was ordered to Ijouisville, Ky., immediately after it was mustered in and served for several moiitlis in that state. It was engaged at Perryville, Chickamauga, ^lissionaiy Ridge and in several of the battles and skirmishes of the Atlanta campaign in 18(>1.. aftei- which it accompanied Sherman's army on the historic "JMarcli to the sea" and the campaign of the Carolinas. It was mustered out at AVashington, D. C, June 6, 18G.3.

of Stark County, held the rank of heutei)aiit-colonel. He was promoted to colonel on Xo\einber 2.5, 18(53, but was not mustered as such. In Company H the following Stark County boys were enrolled as privates: George Gardner, Thomas Goodwin, Edgar Hall, William C. Ifall, John Ilellener, ^Matthew Landon, Fred Selaghter, Seth K. Stoughton, Xathan Thorn and ^Morgan L. Weaver.

In November, ISC'i, the regiment was ordered to ^lemphis, Tenn., and the next ^Nlareh it took part in the famous Y^azoo Pass expedition. It was in the battle of Rlack River Bridge, the siege of Vicksburg, a number of the engagements on the Atlanta eampaign of IHfii, marched with Sherman to the sea and up through the Carolinas, and was mustered out on June 23, 1865.

One Hundred And Twelfth Infantry

On xVugust 8, 18(;2, the commissioned officers of three Stark County companies and sevoi Henry County companies met at Cialva ami took the jireliminary stejjs to organize a regiment. The result of tliis movement was that on September 20-22, 1862, the One Hundred and Twelfth was mustered in at Peoria, with Thomas J. Henderson, of Toulon, as colonel, and Luther S. JNIillikin, of Wyoming, as assistant surgeon, afterward promoted surgeon. "With the exception of a few men. Companies B, E and F were raised in Stark County.

In Company B the commissioned officers at the time of muster in Mere: James B. Doyle, captain; Jonathan C. Dickerson, first lieutenant ; John Gudgell, second lieutenant. Captain Doyle resigned on March 31, 1863, and Lieutenant Dickerson was promoted to the vacancy. He Mas killed in action on September 18, 1863, Mhen I>ieutenant Ciudgell became captain and served until discharged on ^Nlarch 27, 1865. Bradford F. Thompson Mas then promoted to the captaincy and held that rank until the regiment was mustered out.

Sergeants - Bradford F. Thompson (promoted to lieutenant and captain), William H. Doyle (i)romoted first lieutenant). Charles P.. Foster (promoted second lieutenant), John II. Bunnell and Willard B. Foster.

Corporals - Eli C. Jones (promoted sergeant), George W. Reed (promoted sergeant), Nicholas Hill, Augustus J. Thomi)son | jirnmoted sergeant), Edward J. Riley.

Sanford I^. Ives, of Goshen Township, was a sergeant in Company 1), and Robert Creighton, Walter N. Jones, Lemuel F. JNlathews, Baillie C. Ogden and Ste])hen Talhot. ])rivates in the same company, Avere credited to Stark County.

Sylvester F. Otman, of Wyoming, was mustered in as captain of. Company K; Cranner W. Brown, first lieutenant: Elmer A. Sage, second lieutenant. The last named was transferred to the Sixty-fiftli regiment and Henry Graves was made second lieutenant.

Companj' F was officered at the time of muster in as follows: William W. Wright, captain; Jackson Lawrence, first lieutenant; Robert E. Westfall, second lieutenant. Captain Wright died on June 24, 1864, and was succeeded by James G. Armstrong, who was mustered in as first sergeant, Robert E. Westfall being promoted to first lieutenant.

Sergeants - James G. Armstrong (promoted captain), George C. ]\Iaxfield (promoted second lieutenant), Edwin Butler. AVilliam P. Finiey, Bushrod Tapp (promoted first lieutenant).

In Company G. Joseph Berry, Charles Kezer, George ^lelbourne, Louis E. jMorton, John A. Tarble, AVilliam A. Brown, Ransom D. Foster, Andrew Jackson, INIyron Waters and Frank L. Yale served as privates, and the following recruits from Stark County were nnassigned to comjnniies: John Berier, Ciba A. Dunlap, Noah Hidlebaugh. Jonas Johnson, Arnold Volney.

The I'egiment left Peoria on October 8, 18(»2, and on the 11th re- ])orted to Gen. Gordon Granger, at Covington, Ky. It remained in camp at Lexington for about five months, after which it was on guard and scolding duty in Kentucky until the summer of 1803, several times being engaged with small bodies of the enemy. It Avas then moved to East Tennessee and took part in all the military operations there in the fall of 1863 and the early part of ISfU. In :May, 1804, it joined General Sherman at Tunnel Hill, Ga.. and was in several of the hottest engagements of the .Atlanta campaign. When General Hood evacuated Atlanta and started northward, the regiment, as part of the Twenty-third Army Corps, moved back to Tennessee. It took part in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, which virtually ended the war in the ^Vest. After pursuing Hood's retreating army to the Tennessee River, the One Hundred and Twelfth i)roceeded by steamboat to Cincinnati, Ohio, thence by rail to ^Vashington, D. C, and was next engaged in the reduction of Fort Fisher. Its last service was in North CaroHna. It was mustered out at Cliicago on July 7, IHGo. Colonel Henderson was in conunand of the hrigade the greater part of the time after August 8, 1863, and on November 30, 1864i, was pi'omoted to the rank of brevet brigadier-general.

One Hundred And Twenty-Foukth Infantry

Sixteen Stark Comity men served in this regiment, though some of them were credited to Henry County. Asa Bunton was corporal in Company A at the time of muster in, but was promoted to sergeant, and Uaniel S. Adams, Frank Hudson, Levi Leek, Fred ^l. Leacroft and Asa Smith enlisted as privates in the same company. In Ccnipany F. George S. Green was a sergeant; Samuel ^I. Likes, a corporal; and the following privates: Nathaniel Copper. Walter A. Fell, x\lvin Galley, Tliomas :Murray. Thomas W. Rule, Sylvester Sweet. Andrew Turnbidl and ^Alexander Wier.

The regiment was mustered in on September 10, 1862, with Thomas J. Sloan as colonel. Its first active service was in Tennessee; then it took part in the siege of Vicksburg and several of the engagements of that cam})aign. In January. 1864, it won the prize banner offered by Gen. M. D. Leggett for the best drilled regiment in the division. Its last service was in Alabama. It was mustered out at Springfield, 111., August 16, I860.

One Hundred And Thirty-Ninth Infantry

In this regiment, as in the preceding one, some of the men who went out from Stark County are credited to other counties. Stephen V. R. Bates, of Toulon, was a member of the regimental band; Otis P. Dyer was a corporal in Company A ; James Swank was a corporal m Company E; Ansel J. Wright was first lieutenant in Company H; Gorham P. Blood and George Dugan were sergeants in the same company; Oliver P. Crowell, Nathaniel W. Dewey and \Villiam O. Johnson were corporals, and the following served as privates: William J. Barnett, Samuel Burge, Thomas W, Cade, George W, Dewey, Joseph Flansburg, Adam Gardner, Abram H. Loudenburg, Don C, I>yon, Oren ^Nlaxfield, Jr., Elisha ]Mosher, ^Villiam II. Newcomer, Harrison Newton, Joseph II. Newton, Harvey J. Remington, Reuben Rounds, John S. Roof, Charles D. Sharrer, William Searl, Joseph H. Sharrer. Theodore Vandyke, Andrew J. Whitaker, Ben-

Tliis regiment was mustered in on June 1, 1804., for 100 days and was soon afterward sent to Columbus, Ky., via St. Louis. Its only encounter with the enemy was in capturing horses and cattle to replace some taken by guerrillas, who had taken some Government cattle from steamboats near Padueah. Some of the stock was recaptured and enough taken from secession sympathizers to make good the loss. It was then in pursuit of General Price in Missouri. It was mustered out at Peoria on October 2.). 18()4. having served nearly two months beyond the term of its enlistment.

Fayette Lacey, who had previously served in the Thirty-seventh Regiment, was made sergeant-major of the One Hundred and Fiftyfirst; Lafayette Schanip was a private in Company A; ^V. II. Rover, Allen Gingrich and C. W. Phenix served as privates in Company E, and a large ])art of Company I came from Stark County.

The commissioned officers of Company I were as follows: Casimir P.Jackson, captain; James INIontooth, first lieutenant; Andrew^ Galbraith, second lieutenant. James ^lontooth resigned on June 20, 18(5.5. and Lieutenant Galbraith was promoted to the vacancy, Sergeant George R. Fezler being made second lieutenant.

The regiment was organized at Quincy and was mustered into the United .States service on February 2'J. ISfi.l. for one yeai-. Two days later the men were armed and equi])ped at Springfield, and on March 7, 186.5, the One Hundred and I'ifty-first reported to Gen. James B. Steadman at Chattanooga, Tennessee. It was present at Resaca, Ga.,

Avlien Confederate General AVarford surrendered his command to lOjiUO men in May, and spent the remainder of its term of service in that state, breaking uji guerrilla bands, guarding Government stores, etc. It was mustered out at Columbus, Ga., January "Ji, 18GG.

Miscellaneous Infaxtry Enlistments

In addition to the comijany rosters given above, a number of Stark County men were scattered through the various infantiy regiments sent out by the state. An examination of the adjutant-general's reports shows that Keuben Crook and George \y. Leighton served in Company A, and Lemuel G. JNlarsh in Company G, Sixteenth Infantry.

In the Twentieth, William Borter, Zelotas Kendall and ^Matthew Rounds, were enrolled in Company E; William Keeper and Calvin Vulgamott, Company D: James Farrell, PhiliiJ Graves, Finley C. JNIcClellan, Edward Quirk and Herman Schrader, Company E; Thomas Graves, Company F; ^Michael Flynn and William H. Little, Company I.

Jerome B. Thomas, of Wyoming, went to Kewanee and enlisted in the Twentj^-fourth, of which regiment he was commissioned assistant'surgeon on jNIarch 3, 1862.

Six Stark County boys served in the Twenty-eighth, viz: James C. Hall and John Waldron, in Company E (later transferred to the Thirt_y-fourth Regiment) ; Edress ]M. Conklin, Company F; George A. Armstrong, Jeremiah Fergiison and James JNI. Paden, Company K,

In the Thirty-eighth Regiment, John ]M. Cole, Thomas C. Davis and Peter Lane served as privates in Company E. John Timmons was a recruit in Company D, Fortieth Infantry, and Hugh D. Keff er was a private in Company G of the same regiment. James D. Anderson was enrolled in Company D, Forty-first.

John L. Lee and William C. Grant were recruits in the Fortyninth, the former in Company B and the latter in Com])any K. and Jolni Ryan was a private in the Fiftieth.

The Fifty-first was organized in the winter of 1861-62. In Company II were Hugh Donnelly, Eli PLlison, Erick From, Thomas Imes, Cyrus .lacobs, James Kemiedy. James Kinneman. Charles W. Newton, Joseph Pew, David Simmerman, Solomon R. Shockley, Anthony Sturm and Paul Ward. Cyrus A. Anthony enlisted as a private in Company K, but was promoted to quartermaster sergeant and later to captain of Company B.

Five Stark County men enlisted in Company G of the Fifty-lifth, to-wit: L. S. Coggswell, George W. Eckley, James A. Eckley, Joseph C. Hiner and George E. ^Vitter. Three of these five were promoted to noncommissioned officers.

In the Fifty-sixth, Edward Keffer and Osmand C. Griswold enlisted at ]McEeansboro. The former rose to be captain of his company and tiie latter was mustered out as a second lieutenant.

Thomas J. Blake, James Kelley and Joseph ^Manning enlisted in Company F, Fifty-seventh Tid'antry: James Nichols and Thomas C. Xicliols in Company K, and William P. Clifford in Company H.

In the Fifty-eighth, Rudolph Shipman enlisted in Company I); Edward Ueffleg and Isaac Dudley in Company E; Franklin IMaxey and James C. JNIaxey, Comjjany I; and John Ryan joined the regiment as an unassigned recruit in February, 180,5.

In Company A, Seventy-second Infantry, were Miles Avery, Jacob Galley, Scepta T. Harding, James U. Heath and Robert Holmes, and George W. Dunbar, Jr., and W. II. Harris served in Company E, Eighty-third.

In the One Hundred and Sixth. Henjamin Williams was ca])tain of Company G, and James W. Berry, who enlisted as a corporal in C()m])any H, was promoted to first lieutenant.

In the One Hun(h-ed and Eighth, Ricliard I^ynch was a member of Company C. and James Riley of Company I). Miles A. Collinberry was in Company K. One Hundred and Thirteenth, and John C. Copestake was first assistant sui'geon of the One Hmidred and Fourteenth.

In Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh regiment, were Abram Bevier. Robert J. Dickinson, Uriah (xiwitts, William H. Giwitts and George Kinter.

In the One Hundred and Thirty-second were two privates fi'om Stark County - Cliarles C. Hotchkiss and Barney M. Jackson - both members of Company G.

Four men Avere credited to Stark County in Company I, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Infantry, viz: William Cross, Patrick JNlcGuire, Edward ORrien and Oliver P. White.

Cav.Vlky Service

Illinois furnisheil seventeen regiments of cavalry to the Union army during the Civil war. Stark County was represented in seven of the seventeen regiments, though in no instance did a whole company enlist from the county.

In Company A, Third Cavalry, which was mustered in on September 21, 1861. were James H. Chaddock, John ^V. Highlands and Samuel A. Highlands. After the ranks of the regiment were depleted liy a long and arduous service, it was consolidated with portions of other commands and in Company C, Consolidated Third, were Samuel H. Aten. George Boardman, Harrison Rurkhart, William P. Burns, Hugh R. Creighton, Albert P. Finley, Robert Garner, John Green, John King, Theodore W. IMcDaniel, George F. Pyle, Henry Sinunerman and John Simmerman. Andrew J. Walker served in Company K.

Joseph E. ]McKinstrey was a corporal in Company A, Fourth Ca^-all-y; William Douglas was a member of Company D. and William Crooks, who enlisted in Company K, was promoted to sergeantmajor.

In the Seventh, which Mas mustered in at Camj) Rutler in August, 18(51, Charles Butcher and William Butcher were unassigned recruits credited to Stark Comity.

Twenty Stai-k Comity men were enrolled in the Ninth. Christo])lu'r Flanagan, Thomas Flanagan. Henry Lewis. Samuel R. Lewis, -John C. Shaw, Patrick Smith and John Stokes were privates in Com- ])anv H ; J. O. H. Spinney was promoted to the captaincy of Company K; John Jamison and Francis ]M. Lamper served as sergeants m the same company, in MJiich the following were enrolled as privates: Fowler Rryant, E. AV. Curtis, Frank U. Doyle. Thomas A. Foster, Wesley F. Foster, Francis Griswold, Christopher Handley, John S. Hayden, William S. Luce, Henry IMcKibbon, Isaac ]Moon, iSIartin Shay (imassigned recruit), James Sherlock, James ]M. Stanley, Herman D. Sturm. C. :VI. Wheeler, William F. Wheeler.

Andrew Caldwell enlisted in Company C of the Eleventh Cavalry; William A. Glaze was a member of Company M, and Baxter ]M. ]Mahany was an unassigned recruit.

In Comi)any A, Second Fight Artillery, were twenty-three men credited to Stark County. Harvey I'ierce was a corporal and the following served as privates: Morris Ayres, William Beers, Joseph G. Bloomer, Alva \V. Brown, Stephen W. Carney, John Cox, Clemens R. Defendener, Albert Eagan. Samuel Eagan. Thomas J. Ellis. David X. Iliffner, Charles X. Hull, John Hull. Nathan H. Hull, Emanuel Kissel, Calvin Rockwell, Hugh Stockner, John R. Stratton, Charles Thomas, Lorenzo K. Wiley, INLirshall Winn, Warren Winn.

In the Marine Artillery were: John J. Campbell, Dennis Clark, James \V. Dexter. Samuel Dyer. Andrew Gall)raith, ]Marion (Godfrey, James Hall. John Ilotchkiss. Joiiii I^al)arr, Henry ]Marchant, Charles IMaxfield, Jeptha ^Nlosher, John H. Parks, Carleton Rhodes, Isaac Whitaker, Oliver White, JMarshall Winn and Warren Winn.

The two last named in the above paragraph were transferred from the Second I^ight iVrtillery, and ^Villiam Cross and George Rouse served in the First United States Artillery.

There were also a few Stark County men who served in regiments belonging to other states or in the regular army. Upon the official muster I'olls a name now and then is marked as a "deserter." but the percentage of this class is no larger than that of the other counties, and in fact not so large as many of them. In whatever arm of the service - infantry, cavalry, artillery oi- the navy - the Stark County boys as a rule rendered a good account of themselves, and the peoi)le of the ])resent genei-ation hold in grateful remembrance the valor and patriotism of the "Boys in Blue," as is witnessed by the monument erected to the memory of the Stark County soldiers and sailors upon the north side of the ])ublic square in Toulon.

A Stark County Soldiers' IMonument Association was organized at Toulon on the last day of October, 18G7, by Dr. J. C. Copestake, Capt. J. M. Brown, Andrew Galbraith and others, but no record can be found of its further proceedings. Early in the year 1901 the board of su])ervisors took up the question of ajijH-opriating a sum of money for the ])urpose of erecting a monument to commemorate the services of the soldiers and sailors who went out from the countv^ during the dark days of the nation from 1861-6.3. George T. Oliver, 3Iordecai Rc'vier and W. ii. JJallentine Avere appointed a eoniniittee to select a design, ascertain the cost, and report.

The committee reported on INIarch 1, 1901, in favor of the design suhmitted by Messrs. Drummond, of Bradford, and Teets, of Wyoming, the monnment to cost $:$,()()() complete. The report Avas ap- ]>i()ved l)y the hoard and on the same day it was ordered that "the sum of .$3,000 be set aside and appropriated out of the county tax levied for the year 1900 for the purpose of erecting a soldiers' monument for Stark County."

Xot long afterward the contract was formally awarded to Drummond & Teets and the work was commenced. On September 3, 1901, the clerk was ordered to draw a warrant for $3,000 in favor of Drummond & Teets, to be payable when the monument was completed and accepted by the committee. The monument was dedicated on Thursday, June 12, 1902. Gen. William G. Cochran, of Sullivan, 111., who had been engaged to deliver the address, failed to make his appearance and the principal speech was made by Gen. Thomas J. Henderson, who followed George T. Oliver, the chairman of the board of supervisors, in an address of welcome, in which he presented the monument to the countj'.

The monument is a handsome specimen of the sculptor's art; an imposing shaft of graj' granite some forty feet in height, surmounted by the figure of an infantry soldier at parade rest. On the north side, facing ]Main Street, is the inscription selected by the board of su])ervisors: "In Memory of the Soldiers and Sailors of Stark County," and (in the reverse is the simple statement - "Dedicated June 12, 1902."

W'hile those at the front wei'c imdergoing the inconveniences of camp life, the hardships of the long march and the dangers of battle, the friends they left behind them were not unmindful of the soldier's needs. On June 10, 1861, the board of supervisors ordered: "Tiiat the sum of $3,000 be appropriated for the pvu'pose of uniforming volunteer militia companies organized or to be organized in Stark County, at the rate of $6 per man, under certain conditions and restrictions. Also that in the event of immediate call of Ca]itain Stuart's company - the 'Elmira Rifles' - the clerk shall issue an order immediately on the treasurer for such amounts as shall be found due them by disbursing agents," etc.

The next day, pursuant to a plan reported by a committee previously appointed, a tax of 20 cents on each $100 worth of projjcrty in the county was levied for the year 1861, "for the purpose ol' aiding and assisting volunteer soldiers and their families." One thousand dollars of the money thus raised were ordered to be set apart i'or aiding the families of volunteers and the remainder to be used for uniforms and equipment for the men.

David McC'ance, Davis Lowman and Oliver Whitaker were appointed a connnittee to take charge of the disbursements. On December 3, 1861, this committee reported the following disbursements : t

On June 2, 1862, the committee reported the additional expenditure of $348.45 for the relief of soldiers' families. At the September term in 1862 the supervisors appropriated $4,000 for the purpose of aiding the families of volunteers and at the same time directed the supervisor in each townshij) to report the number of families in his jurisdiction, the heads of which were in the army, when the amount appropriated should be divided or apportioned among the several townships, each supervisor to act as disbiu'sing agent in his township, though the old committee was continued to audit the accounts of the supervisors. A bounty of $50 was authorized to be paid to each man enlisting from Stark County and a tax of 5 mills on the dollar was levied for the purpose of paying bounties and the accumulation of the $4,000 relief fund. At the next session the supervisors reported the number of families and the fund was apportioned as follows:

1804, the board ordered an appropriation of $2,600 for the support of soldiers' families. On September 13, 1864, a tax of 50 cents on each $100 worth of property was levied to pay boimties and aid the families of volunteers. Another appropriation, amounting to $2,760, was made on March 7, 1865, for relief purposes and several years after the war was over bounties, the payment of which had been delayed, were handed over to the veterans. For this reason it is difficult to state just what sum was paid by the county in bounties.

Besides the relief given by the county in its official capacity, there were several organizations formed for the purpose of assisting the families of those who were engaged in fighting the battles of their country. The Soldiers" Relief Circle of Toulon \vas organized on November 12, 1861, with Mrs. Oliver Whitaker, president; JNIrs. O. Gardner, vice president; Miss F. JNIarvin, secretary; JNlrs. Calvin Eastman, treasurer; jNIrs. P. M. Blair, JMrs. S. S. Kaysbier, Mrs. 31. A. Fuller and ]Miss R. AVhite, committee on supplies.

The Wyoming Soldiers" Relief Society was organized about the same time, with Mrs. M. A. Hoist, president; JNIrs. A. G. Hammond, secretary; Miss Lucy Butler, treasui'er; ]\Iesdames Isaac Thomas, B. F. Foster, W. B. Armstrong. P. Pettit, JMary Butler, J. AVrigley, J. B. Lashels and J. jNIatthews, committee on collections.

On July 27, 1863, the women of Penn Township organized a "Loyal League," with JMrs. J. JNI. Ricker, jiresident, and JMrs. S. S. Rockwell, secretary. There were also a number of meetings held in different parts of the county for the purpose of collecting money and supplies for the families of the boys in the field.

he made of the assistance reiulertd hy individual offerings. ^^^R'never some sokher's family stood in need of aid it was forthcoming. The sum thus eontrihuted ran into thousands of dollars, of which no account was kept. JNIany a basket of provisions found its way to the home of some soldier; shoes, clothing, school hooks, etc.. wci-c ])rovided for soldiers' children; sons and daughters of volunteers were given preference in the matter of employment hy loyal citizens, and in many other ways relief was afforded to those who had sent their loved ones to the defense of the Union.