Tazewell County, Illinois - Chapter 11: The Rebellion First Indications of the War, 1879

Chapter 11: The Rebellion First Indications of the War

THE brightest pages of the history of this county are those which record the acts of love and devotion to the Union of her people - the sacrifices made during the dark and trying days of the Rebellion. Well may the people of Tazewell county be proud of the record thev made both at home and in the field during the war traitors inaguratcd against the Union. It reflects honor upon their heads, and as future generations look back through history they will bless their names for so strenuously ujjholding the best government ever instituted by man.

When, in 1861, the war was forced upon the country, the people were quietly pursuing the even tenor of their ways, doing whatever their hands found to do - working the mines, making farms or cultivating those already made, erecting homes, founding cities and towns, building shops and manufactories - in short, the country was alive with industry and hopes for the future. The people were just recovering from the depression and losses incident to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and promising, and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the North were buoyant with hope, looking forward for the perfecting of new plans for the insurement of comfort and competence in their declining years. They little heeded the mutterings and threatenings being wafted from the South. They never dreamed that there was one so base as to attempt the destruction of the Union their fathers had purchased for them with their life-blood. While thus surrounded with peace and tranquility they paid but little attention to the rumored plots and plans of those who lived and grew rich from the sweat and toil, blood and flesh, of others.

On that day, the rebels, who for weeks had been erecting their batteries upon the shore, after demanding of Major Anderson a surrender, opened fire upon Fort Sumter. For hours an incessant cannonading was continued ; the fort was being injured severely ; provisions were almost gone, and Major Anderson was compelled to haul down the stars and stripes, - that dear old flag which had seldom been lowered to a foreign foe : by rebel hands it was now trailed in the dust. How the blood of patriotic men of the North boiled when on the following day the news was flashed along the telegraph wires that Major Anderson had been forced to surrender! And nowhere was greater indignation manifested than in Tazewell county.

The First Call For Troops

Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln, America's martyr President, - who but a few short weeks before had taken the oath of office as the nation's chief executive, - issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers for three months. The last word of that proclamation had scarcely been taken from the electric wires before the call was filled, men and money were counted out by hundreds and thousands : the people who loved their whole government could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school-house, - every calling offered its best men, their lives and fortunes, in defense of the Government's honor and unity. Bitter words spoken in moments of political heat were forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common cause, they repeated the oath of America's soldier statesman : " By the Great Eternal, the Union must and shall be preserved."

Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion ; nor were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the Free States to crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to every call for either men or money there was a willing and ready response. And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. Such were the impulses, motives and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the sons of Tazewell made a conspicuous and praiseworthy record.

The readiness with which the first call was filled, together with the embarassments that surrounded President Lincoln in the absence of sufficient law to authorize him to meet the unexpected emergency, together with an under estimate of the magnitude of the rebellion ; and a general belief that the war would not last more than three months, checked rather than encouraged the patiotic ardor of the people. But very few of the men, comparatively speaking, who volunteered in response to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers for three months, were accepted. But the time soon came when there was a place and a musket for every man. Call followed call in quick succession, until the number reached the grand total of 3,339,748. Of this vast number Tazewell county furnished about 3,000.

The tocsin of war was sounded, meetings were held in every township, village and city, at which stirring and spirited addresses were made, and resolutions adopted admitting of but one interpretation, - that of unconditional allegiance and undying devotion to their country and their country's flag; that, at whatever cost of blood or treasure, the stars and stripes, wherever floating, must be honored, and the supremacy of the law of the National Union sustained.

On the 17th, only two days after the proclamation of Gov. Yates, a large meeting of the citizens of Pekin was held at the court-house in response to a call of Mayor Leonard. It was a prompt and enthusiastic gathering of all parties and animated by one motive - that of proving their loyalty to the Government and their willingness to sustain the national authorities in their efibrts to preserve the Union.

Resolutions strong and full of meaning were offered, spirited addresses delivered interspersed with music by the Pekin brass band and soul stirring national airs of a martial band. As better showing the state of the feeling of the people in general we give extracts from resolutions that met with unanimous approbation at this meeting. J. McDonald, editor of the Tazewell Register, offered a lengthy resolution which closed as follows : to the President's call for men and means to aid the general Government in the present crisis ; and that the people of Tazewell will not prove laggard in following where duty points the way."

" Resolved, That in view of the present threatening aspect of a portion of our country toward the general Government, it is the duty of all men who owe allegiance to the nation, to offer themselves, and their lives and their fortunes to the powers that be in support of the Union and the laws.

" Resolved, That we, the citizens of Pekin and vicinity hereby tender to the State and nation our united support, and pledge ourselves to them in every emergency and at all times, our fortunes and our sacred honor."

"Re-solved, That the citizens of Pekin will protect, cherish and render the material aid to the families of all volunteers who are not able to make suitable provisions for their families, for their support during their absence in the service of their country."

" Resolved, That, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, we accept the issue presented by the attack upon our flag, and in jjeace or war, in life or death, proclaim as our motto, God, Justice and Our Country."

At a meeting held at Tremont, Saturday, April 20, 1861, to consult upon the perilous condition of the country, great patriotism was manifested. Lloyd Shaw presided, and Seth Talbot, jr. acted as secretary. Short speeches were made by J. K. Kellogg, Dr. Cole, Stephen Stout, E. G. Smith, J. H. Harris, Isaac Stout, H. Shaw and W. R. Lackland.

" Resolved, That we keep step to the music of the Union, and stand by our Government and the stars and stripes, first, last and all the time.'' and showed their willingness to furnish material aid to the families of volunteers. The sum of ^1,000 was appropriated to their benefit, to be disbursed under the direction of a committee who pledged themselves that the families of the volunteers should not suffer for the necessaries of life while their protectors were absent. The council also appropriated $300 to defray the expenses of transportation of volunteers.

The Union sentiment was strongly expressed by the people of Mackinaw. Pursuant to notice a large concourse of people assembled at the Christian Church, in Mackinaw, Monday, April 22, 1861. On motion of W. A. K. Cowdry, William Watson was called to the chair, and J. B. Mathews appointed secretary. Strong resolutions were passed; among them were some by Dr. J. P. Terrell, which plainly and strongly set forth the feelings of the mass as they met with unanimous passage. AVe give extracts :

" That our faith is as fixed and abiding as that we repose in God, that our cause is just, and that a people battling for life, for liberty, and for the sanctity of homes and firesides, must and will triumph.

" That if this Government, the noblest fabric ever reared for the worship of human liberty, must go dowm in a fratricidal conflict, we of the North, appealing to history may, before the world, cliarge, without fear of contradiction, that the responsibility rests upon our Southern brethren. That it is the result of a wanton repudiation bv them of the covenants of the constitution, and whether or not we shall be able to preserve it as the great heart and only bond of union. Mav the God of battles be our shield and strong defense."

April 25, 1861, the people of Cincinnati assembled at the Woodrow school-house. A band from Pekin was present. Samuel Woodrow was called to the chair, and W. F. Copes chosen secretary. Remarks were made by R. Gibson, J. B. Cohrs, C. A. Roberts, Charley Gary, Benjamin Priddy, William Woodrow, Samuel Larrimore, John Slack, A. M. Woodrow, William Plawley, S. S. Parlin, John S. Sinnet, and others. But one sentiment prevailed, that was that they were all in for the Union at all hazards, and determined to stand by the administration.

A large and enthusiastic meeting was held at the Christian church in Hittle, April 25, 1861, at which Ellis Dillon presided, Daniel Albright, secretary. G. W. Minier delivered a stirring and eloquent speech and Mr. Cowdry, of Mackinaw, followed. Capt. Ketchum, with a number of volunteers and citizens of Mackinaw, was present. A number of volunteers had left for Springfield the previous week. The sentiments of the people were expressed in the following pointed language : " There is but one feeling here with regard to the present perilous condition of our country, and that is, if necessary, that every dollar be spent and every life sacrificed rather than have the Government fall into the hands of traitors. Past political differences are laid aside. Democrats and Republicans stand side by side, ready to maintain the dignity of our Government and the honor of the glorious old stars and stripes."

When the boom of the great guns in Charleston harbor went rolling across the continent, at this time their echo penetrated every loyal heart in this country. They had scarcely ceased belching forth their iron missiles, and our national ensign disgraced, ere the patriotism of the sons of Tazewell county prompted them to go to their country's defense. The call for troops was no sooner made than a company was organized at Pekin. Such alacrity in rushing to arms was never before witnessed in the world's history.

Departure Of First Volunteers

Early on the morning of the 22d of April, 1861, the people began to assemble at the river landing, at Pekin, to witness the departure of the first volunteers. This was a company under command of Capt. F. L. Riioads, with C. C. Glass, first lieutenant ; J. A. Sheets, second lieutenant; Dietrich Smith, third lieutenant. The company numbei'ed over 100, and was assigned to the Eighth regiment, of which Capt. lihoads soon became colonel.

Previous to embarking the company formed a circle, when the Rev. Mr. Underwood, in a brief and feeling prayer, invoked the blessings of Heaven upon the brave men who were about to go forth in defense of the Union. Then, amid cheers and benedictions, tears and farewells, the company marched on board the steamer, Cambridge, for Peoria, where they took the cars for Springfield. It was an impressive scene, and the tear of regret which marked the cheek of many was no reproach to their manhood.

Liberality Of Those At Home

bloody struggle waged by the American people against rebellion, and their liberal and continuous contributions to maintain the integrity of this glorious Union. It is, indeed, a proud record; for from among them went out brave soldiers and efficient leaders to aid in the grand struggle for the maintenance and perpetuity of the Union.

When the first companies were being raised, measures were inaugurated and carried out to raise money by subscription for the support of the families of volunteers. But there were so many calls for men, and the number and needs of these families, whose providers had gone to defend the life of the nation, that it became impossible for private purses, however willing their holders, to supply all demands, and the county authorities made frequent appropriations, and the aid societies donated largely. Private liberality still continued. This money was raised in the midst of the excitement of war, when the exigencies of the times demanded it, and the generous people never thought to inquire how much they were giving. Aside from the sums appropriated by county and city authorities no account was ever kept. Had there been, the sum would now seem most fabulous.

Flag Presentation

One of the first acts of the ladies of the county, at the outbreak of the war, was the making of flags and presenting them to companies as they were about to march southward. Many such flags were carried over bloody fields by the brave boys from Tazewell County. The ladies were fired with patriotic zeal and sent the boys to the front with cheering words.

The ladies of Pekin prepared a flag for the " Pekin Invincibles," which was presented to the company at a public meeting held at the court-house Saturday, April 27, 1861. Mrs. H. P. Westerman, on behalf of the ladies, presented the banner with the following most eloquent and encouraging remarks :

" Captain Montgomery : - You and your company have done well thus promptly to respond to your country's call. As you are about to march to her defense, we, your sisters and wives, have thought it fitting to present to you some kind memento of our love. We honor you for your patriotism ; we trust in your valor, and though sad to lose you, yet we freely bid you go. As you go take this flag of our Union, the work of our hands, which we now entrust to your care. May it never trail in the dust. Protect it, defend it, and fight for it as you would for your country, your homes and the graves of those you hold dear. Liberty and Union, let that be your motto, and let its sentiments be deeply engraven on your hearts. The Union, we love it, and the more now that it is in peril.

With all the hopes of future years, Is hanging breathless on thy fate. Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea. Our hearts, our hopes are all with thee ; Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, Our faith triumphant o'er our fears. Are all with thee, are all with thee.'

" Love the Union, and see to it that so far as your actions are concerned, none of its stars shall be stricken out. As freemen do valiant service in its defense. Be true to yourselves and to us. Disappoint not our hopes. Accept this banner : with calm unfaltering purpose ever bear it aloft."

James Roberts, on behalf of the company, responded in an appropriate manner, when Ca})t. Montgomery placed the flag in charge of Leonard Martin, the standard-bearer, and the company gave three hearty cheers for the Union, the flag and the ladies.

A Picture Of A Sad And Desolate Home

The boys went forth to the field of carnage, and what vivid words can the pen employ that will do justice to their heroic valor, to their unequaled and unparalleled bravery and endurance. Home and home comforts, wives and little ones, fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, were all given up for life and danger on the fields of battle - for exposure, fatigue, disease and death at the point of the bayonet or the cannon's mouth. But while they were thus suffering let us not suppose that the mother, and sister, the wife, the children were free from the tortures of anxiety, of the loss of dear ones. Yes, while the brave boys upon the Southern field suffered indescribably, the wife and little ones at home endured suffering beyond the power of pen or tongue to describe. Let us picture a home where the the husband and the wife and little ones are thus separated. The picture of one will only reflect those of hundreds of others. We look into the plain but tidy room. A mother is preparing her evening meal. Upon a chair, and leaning her little arm on the windowsill, a little child is kneeling, looking far into the dusky shadows that encircle the brow of night. Her dark eyes have a longing, wistful look, and on her brow lies one of lifers shadows. At last she speaks : " Oh ! mamma, papa has been gone so long ; why don't he come ?" The mother sighs, and her heart repeats, "so long." But the little one must have an answer, and mamma tries to comfort her - " Papa has gone to war, dear ; gone to fight for his country, and when the war is over he will come back to see mamma and little Bessie." "But it seems so long, mamma; when will the war be over?" " Mamma cannot tell ,dear ; but we will hope for the best." Their frugal meal is now ready, and mother and child sit down with heavy hearts, their eyes wandering to the place where papa used to sit; but there is no manly form, - only a vacant chair.

In the mother's heart sad questions icill arise : " Will he return to us? or will some swift-winged bullet, sped by a traitor's hand, destroy the life so dear to us?"

Oh, why could not all men have been true to a government so mild, - to their country, so vast and grand ? AVhy should they cause sorrow and death to o'erspread our land, and the voice of wailing to go forth from every fireside? In silence the meal is ended, and the little one, whose eyes have grown heavy, is taken upon the mother's lap, and prepared for rest. Her little prayer is said, and a goodnight kiss for papa, she falls asleep, and the shadow is chased from her brow. But the shadows hover darkly round the mother's heart, as she thinks of distant battle-fields ; of wounded and dying men whose lives, and those they love more than life, have been given up that their country might be saved. And on this September evening a terrible battle has closed. For three days they have fought, and now the evening shadows unite with clouds of smoke, and our army is victorious ; but the ground is strewn with the dead and dying. Hark ! here is one who speaks : " Water, water ; won't little Bessie bring me water?" But Bessie's soft hands cannot reach him ; kind, but rougher and stranger hands give him the cooling drops, and with a weary sigh for his home, wife, and little one, his breath is gone, and the brave heart beats no more.

Rumors of a terrible fight reached that quiet home ; then came dispatches, making rumors f arts. How long and dark are the hour of suspense to the anxious wife and little one. Eagerly the papers are watched for every word concerning the division in which was the loved one, and now at last comes a list of the killed and wounded in his regiment ; with fast-beating heart the poor wife takes the list of ywoimded first, that she may still have some hope. His name is not there. With hushed breath and heart beating faster, she scans the list of the killed, until she comes to his name, the paper falls from her nerveless hand and she sinks heavily to the floor. Bessie bends over her, and the touch of her soft hands and the sound of her sweet voice bring- the u-idow back to life that is now so dark. But for Bessie's sake she will still be brave, and struggle on alone, no, not (done. Bessie is still with her, and their heavenly Father will lead them through the darkness.

Soldiers Aid Society

The continued need of money to obtain comforts and necessaries for the sick and wounded of our army, suggested to the loyal ladies of the North many and various devices for the raising of funds. Every city, town and village had its fair, festival, picnic, excursion, concert which netted more or less for the care of hospital relief The ladies of Tazewell honored themselves and this county by their noble, generous work in behalf of the soldiers. Their devotion to the loyal principles of the national Government was undying, and its defenders were objects of their deepest sympathy. During the dark and trying days of the Rebellion they were ever on the alert raising funds, sending food, clothing, delicacies and medicines to the soldiers in the hospital and at the front.

In the noble efforts the ladies made to palliate the sufferings of their brothers upon the Southern fields of carnage, they were actuated by love of country, devotions to kindred and sympathy for those in distress. Though physically incapacitated to share with them the toil and perils of battle, yet before its smoke and the echoes of its artillery passed away, the offering of their hands would relieve their pain, and inspire them with holier ardor for the cause they M^ere defending. The number of weary sufferers on the field of battle and in the lonely hospital relieved by their bounty, none but the Recording Angel can tell.

Money was raised for pushing forward this work in many ways, but underlying all was the willing hearts. Large sums were received by donations, but the chief reliance was upon entertainments and the one great fair which netted a handsome sum.

The ladies had struggled on doing what they could in a smaller way, but it became evident greater exertions would be necessary to raise sufficient means to alleviate the sufferings of the soldiers. Accordingly, the Soldiers Aid Society of Pekin, issued through their Secretary, Mrs. H. P. Westerman, on the 3rd day of Aug., 1864, the following call, looking toward a grand county sanitary fair :

"The continued need of money has suggested to the ladies of the Soldier's Aid Society the necessity of getting up something on a grander and larger scale than anything heretofore held in our county. The winter season will soon be approaching with its inclemency which will naturally make it more difficult for us ladies to replenish our soldiers aid fund ; therefore what is to be done must be done quickly and with might.

"The need of money for this sacred purpose (that of alleviating the sufferings of our languishing heroes in our hospitals,) still continue and calls loudly on all noble men and women to assist. Our brave men are still wrestling with Southern rebellion, which though often caused to fall back is not yet subdued ; and therefore there is treble the necessity for redoubling our efforts in their behalf. The hospitals made vacant by death, recovery or discharge are speedily refilled with new faces which disease and exposure have rendered pallid, and emaciated forms shattered by a gun-shot or shell. I tell you my friends we must continue to pour down our sanitary supplies for the comfort of those bleeding, suffering soldiers of our country, whose well-being lies near the heart of all true men and women. Who has not some father, brother or loved friend in our army ? Then awake and think. What can you do ? Your hands, however tiny, can work up some little item which will either do to send to our soldier boys or will bring money at our soldier's fair. Come up and do something while it is day, for night cometh when no man can work. Everything in the shape of the useful, fancy or ornamental, vegetables, meats, machinery, and, in fact, anything that can be invented, both natural and artificial, will be heartily received."

Great eiforts were made to make this a grand affair. Committees were appointed to canvass in the surrounding counties. Circulars were sent out setting forth the great necessity of raising means for the relief of the soldiers in Southern hospitals. A large building was erected on Court street, Pekin, which had its various departments under able management. The fair lasted three days and proved quite remunerative, the proceeds being over $5,000.

Whenever a great battle or any other emergency made unusual demands, appeals were made through the press and never in vain. In looking through the files of county papers we find call after call made by different societies during those trying times. As the war progressed the care of soldier's families became an important part of the work of soldier's aid societies.

Let us examine into one or two of the boxes sent by the Soldier's Aid Society of Pekin and see what they contained. We give list of articles packed in box Sept. 15, 1863, and sent to the army of the Cumberland: Number sheets 2; shirts 17; drawers 17; handker-

When the boys in blue came home on a furlough they were cordially welcomed, and the ladies prepared dinners for them and made their stay happy and pleasant. AVhen they returned to the tented fields they carried with them grateful recollections of the efforts the ladies at home were making for their comfort.

Our armies bravely contended until finally after four long years of bloodshed and carnage the news was flashed over the wires that Lee had surrendered. This joyful news reached this county Monday, April 10, 1865, being within two days of four years from the time the batteries were opened on Fort Sumter. On receiving the news of the fall of Richmond the people were very jubilant over the success of the Union forces. They assembled in all parts of the county and had grand jubilees. At Pekin the people came together at the public square and a procession was formed, headed by the band, and paraded through the city. The streets were brilliantly illuminated. Bonfires, rockets and music were seen and heard on every hand, it was indeed a season of rejoicing, and well might it be, for what had been endured, what had been suffered ?

Scarcely had the downfall of the Southern Confederacy been received ere the sad news of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was flashed over the wires. On that beautiful April morning, five days after the announcement of Lee's surrender, the people, joyful over the near approach of the return of their loved ones from the South, the sorrowing news of the President's death was announced.

Mr. Lincoln was bound to the people of this county with stronger cords than simply being a good ruler. He had spent many days here ; had many warm personal friends and it was like the loss of a brother. Thev felt the loss keenly ; the tolling bells, the sym- pathetic dirges, interpreted not merely the grief of a people at the loss of a president, but the sorrow of a community at the death of a brother, a son, one who was closely akin to all. Meetings were held and appropriate resolutions passed. Dwellings, stores, churches and public buildings were draped and the flags which had been sent up in moments of rejoicing, were taken down, draped, and sent up at half-mast.

The Close

The war ended aud peace restored, the Union preserved in its inteirritv, the sons of Tazewell who had volunteered their lives in defense of their government, and who were spared to see the army of the Union victorious, returned to their homes to receive grand ovations and tributes of honor from friends and neighbors who had eagerly and zealously followed them wherever the fortunes of war called. Exchanging their soldiers' uniforms for citizens' dress, most of them fell back to their old vocations, - on the farm, at the forge, the bench, in the shop, and at whatever else their hands found to do. Brave men are honorable alwavs, and no class of citizens are entitled to greater respect than the volunteer soldiery of Tazewell county, not alone because they were soldiers, but because in their associations with their fellow men their walk is upright, and their honesty and character without reproach.

Their country first, {heir glory and their pride, Land of their hopes, land where tlieir fathers died ; When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright. When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right.

No more fitting tribute to their patriotic valor can be offered the brave men who went forth in defense of liberty and union, than a full and complete record, so far as it is possible to make it, embracing the names, the terms of enlistments, the battles in which they were engaged, and all the minutiai of their military lives. It will be a wreath of glory encircling every brow - a precious memento to hand down to posterity, and one which each of them earned in defense of their and our common country. There are, no doubt, some men who, while they lived in Tazewell county, enlisted in other counties and were never credited to this countv. While the names of such properly belong here, and we would gladly give them did we know them, yet the Adjutant-General's reports, the source of our information, gives their names as belonging to other counties. We sent out thousands of circulars urging those who thus enlisted, or their friends for them, if they were dead or had moved away, to send us their name, company and regiment, and those who did so will find their name properly recorded.

The 7th is claimed to be the first regiment organized in the State, under the first call of the President for three months' troops. The 8th also claims the same honor. The 7th was mustered in at Camp Yates, April 25, 1861 ; was forwarded to Alton and thence to Mound City, where it remained during its three months' service.

It was re-organized and mustered for three years service, July 25, 1861 ; moved to Fort Holt, Kentucky, where it went into winter quarters; was with the reconnoitering expedition under General Grant, in the rear of ColumVjus, Kentucky. On February 3d it embarked for Fort Henry, and on the 12th for Fort Donelson, taking part in the siege and investment of that x^lju'e. At DoneLson the regiment was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Babcock; loss 3 killed, including the gallant Captain Mendell of Companj' I, and 19 wounded.

At the battle of Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862, the regiment was engaged both days entire. Colonel Babcock commanding. Loss at Corinth, 2 officers and 6 men killed, and 46 wounded, also 21 prisoners.

After the battle of Corinth, the 7th was engaged in scouting and guarding railroads through Tennessee and Mississippi, taking part in a number of expeditions and having some .some bri.sk skirmishes, capturing many prisoners, etc.

December 22, 1863, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, January 7, 1864, started to Springfield, Illinois, for veteran furlough. It was mustered out July 9, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky; arrived at Camp Butler, July 12, 1865, for final payment and discharge.

On the 25th daj' of April, 1861, the 8th Infantrj' was first organized for the three months' service. Colonel Oglesby commanding. A contest for rank and seniority arose between the Seventh and Eight, both being organized on the same day. This contest was finally ended by according to Colonel Cook the first number (Seven) as the number of his regiment, with the second rank as colonel - Colonel Oglesby taking the second number for his regiment, with the first rank as colonel.

During its three months' term of service it was stationed at Cairo, where, at the end of said term, it was mustered out, and on July 25, 1861, was reorganized for the three years' service.

The regiment was stationed at Cairo, Illinois, until October, 1861, when it was ordered to Birds Point, Missouri, where it was stationed until February 2, 1862, with the exception of occasional excursions to Cape Girardeau, Norfolk Mission and Paducha, Kentucky.

February 2, 1862, embarked for Tennessee river. On the 5th met the enemy near Fort Henry, and drove them. On the 11th was in advance of attack on Fort Donelson, under command of Lieutenan-Colonel Rhoads, Colonel Oglesby commanding brigade. On the 15th the Eighth met the enemy, who were attempting to cut their way out of the fort, and for three hours and a half withstood the shock of the enemy, although suffering terribly. Its loss was 57 killed, 191 wounded, and 10 missing.

March 6th, proceeded to Pittsburg Landing, where the Eighth did gallant service, being engaged in the hottest of the fight. Towards the close of the second day, the regiment was ordered to take a rebel battery, which was pouring a destructive fire into our ranks - the battery was charged and taken, the gunners being killed at their posts. The regiment lost 26 killed, 95 wounded, and 11 missing.

It was engaged in the siege of Corinth, and after the evacuation, moved to Jackson, Tennessee, thence to Lagrange. November 28th it pushed as far as Water Valley into Mississippi, returning after a very hard march.

The regiment broke camp at Tallahatchee river, January 4, 1803, and marched toward ^lemphis, where it arrived on the 19th of January, and camped on the Hernando road. February 22d embarked for Lake Providence. April 12th moved to Milliken's Bend; on the 25th started with the army, and passing through Richmond, struck the river at Perkins' Landing, and crossed over on the night of the 30th. May 1, 18H3, commenced the fight at Thompson's Hill, Captain Jones severely wounded. On the 12th engaged the enemy near Raymond. In this battle the regiment did distinguished service, relieving the center at a most critical moment, and gallantly (Iriving the enemy. The regiment lost a l)rave young ofhcer here in Captain Frank Leeper, Company A, who fell while leading his men on to victory. Participateil in the l)attle of Jackson, May 14th, and on the 10th fought at Champion Hill. On the 18th crossed Big Black river, and on the following day drove the enemy into his works at Vicksburg. On the 22d engaged in the heroic assault on Fort Hill. August 21, 1863, under command of Lieutenant- Colonel Josiah Sheets, marched to Monroe, returning September 3d.

Left Vicksburg July 1st, for Jackson, and, returning on the 6th, met the enemy tiiree miles from Jackson, and skirmished till dark. On the following day had a severe engagement, suffering a loss of 3 killed, 21 wounded, and 2 missing.

From July 29th to September 3d, engaged in the Morganzia expedition; moved to ^lemphis, Tennessee, October 18th, where it remained with brief intervals till January 1, 1865, when the Eighth left for New Orleans, where they arrived on the 4th, and were stationed fifteen miles above the city.

On March 26th encamped near Spanish Fort and entrenched; engaged in approaching the fort until the 30th, losing 1 killed and 3 wounded. Proceeded to rear of investments April 3d, and on the 9tli engaged in a charge on the enemy's works, ami was the first to plant the flag on the works in her vicinity. The Eighth lost in this charge 10 killed, and woumled.

The regiment was mustered out May 4, 186(5, at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and arrived at Springfield for final payment and discharge May 13, 1866.

Company

The 28th met the enemy for the tirst time at Little Bethel Church, near Fort Henry, February 13, 18fi2, when a detachment of sixty men met and repulsed a "force of five hundred men. It was next engaged in the battle of Pittsl)urg Landing, when it drove General Prentiss, early in the day of April 6, 1862; was assigned a position in the Peach Orchard, which it held under a destructive fire for seven hours, only retiring by order of General Hurlbut. During these two blooily days of Pittsburg Landing the regiment fought heroically, suffering a loss of 239 killed and wounded. It was engaged in the siege of Corinth during the month of May, 1862; also in the siege of Vicksburg from June lltli to .Julv 4th, 1863.

On the 12th of July, 1863, near Jackson, ]\Iississippi, the 28th was ordered to charge across a level field and carry a strong line of the enemy's works, mounting twelve guns and manned by two thousand men, and while it was not possible to (nipture tlie works, these heroic men swept bravely forward under a destructive fire of grape and canister. The enemy appearing on both flanks as it reached the ditch, it was compelled to fall back, with more than half of the rank and file killed or wounded. Of the 128 men of this regiment in line, 73 were killed and wounded, and 16 taken prisoners.

The regiment was engaged in the battle of Belmont, November 7, 1861, and took an active and honorable part in the engagement at Fort Donelson, February 13th, 14th and 15th; was engaged in the siege of Corinth, May, 1862.

During the following year, was occupied in scouting through Mississippi and Tennessee, making many long and arduous marches, engaging in many brisk skirmishes, in wdiich it showed excellent fighting qualities and great powers of endurance.

On May 2, 1863, defeated the enemy at Thompson's Hill, again on the following day, after a hard march without rations, came upon the enemy, after crossing Bayou Pirre, defeating and completely routing him. They still followed the retreating "Johnnies" to Jackson, where they had a severe fight w^ith them, and were again the victors.

The 31st participated in the entire siege of Vicksburg, arriving there on the inth of Mav; in the charge on Fort Hill lost 2 officers and 8 men killed, and 40 wounded ; their liag received 153 shots, the staflf being shot in two four times, but with a heroism born only of the truest bravery, they never surrendered the flag.

for the field of action on May 3(1, joined Sherman's grand army at Aekworth; was with Sherman in the campaign after Hood, and on November 15th, started on that world famed "March to the Sea."

Comi'Any

This regiment was organized in August, 1861, at Camp Ellsworth, Chioago, and left for St. Louis, September 14th, where, at Benton Barracks, it remained till the 22d, was armed and left for Jefferson City, where it took quarters in the State House. It then went to Sedalia, and was assigned to General Siegel's famous division. On October 13th moved to Springfield, Missouri, and November 8th moved to Wilson's Creek, but retreated next day toward Rolla, where it remained during the winter.

On February 2, 1862, it moved toward Springfield, from where an exciting chase of General Price was kept up till Camp Halleck, Arkansas, was reached, where they remained till March 5th, when it became evident that the combined forces of Van Dorn, Price and McCullough were marching to give l)attle, and accordingly on the 6th moved toward Sugar Creek Valley, and the same day the rear guard was attacked by the enemy and repulsed. Thus began the terrible battle of Pea Eiilge, which resulted so disastrously to the rebels, in which this regiment took a prominent part. The 44th followed up the retreat of the enemy, taking hundreds of prisoners. May 8th took up line of March toward Little Rock, but changed to Cape Girardeau, on Mississijipi, two hundred miles distant, and from thence by water to Pittsburg Landing. After evacuation of Corinth was attached to General Pope's army, and sent in pursuit of the retreating foe. Bad roads prevented, and went into camp at Brenzo.

The 18th was sent to Cincinnati September 1st, and from there to Covington, Kentucky, thence to Louisville, where the command was re-organized under Major-General Buell, and started on the memorable cami^aign after Bragg, and was in the battle of Perryville under General Sheridan. Went to Bowling Green, where General Rosecrans assumed command, and November 4th started for Nashville; remained till December 26th, and moved against the rebels at Murfreesboro. In the bloody battle of Stone river the 18th took a prominent part, losing more than half its number in killed and wounded. Remained there till June, 186.3, when it marched to meet the enemy; arrived at Cowan's Station July 2d, then marched to Stevenson, Alabama, driving the rebels. Augfist 21st the movement against Chattanooga began, and took part in the bloody conflict September 19th and 20th. It was foremost in the desperate charge upon Mission Ridge, General Sheridan giving it i>raise for having placed one of the first flags upon the rebel works. Noveml)er 27th set out for a forced march to Knoxville, one hundred and fifty miles distant ; it arrived three days after siege had been raised by General Burnside. At Blain's Cross Roads, while in camp, the troops were on the point of starvation several times, having, for days at a time, nothing but corn in the ear, and but limited supply of that. Nothing could more fully prove the patriotism of the men than the fact, that here, on the point of starvation, exposed to the most inclement weather, (it being so cold that the ink would freeze to the pen as the men signed their names,) over three-fourths of the men voluntarily consented to serve three years more. Marched to Dandridge, Tennessee, and was attacked January l'6th and 17th, and after much hard fighting, becoming evident that the whole rebel army was advancing, fell back to Knoxville. March 4, 1864, the men were furloughed, and started for home, having marched over five thousand miles.

April 14, 1864, the regiment reached Nashville on its way back to the field. Moved toward Atlanta, and entered on the 8th of September. Was in many battles during this memorable campaign; was sent to Athens, Alabama, but fell back to Nashville, followed by the rebels. At Franklin, Tennessee, General Schofield determined to give battle. The conflict was short and desperate. Took part in the battle of Nashville. January 5, 1865, went into camp at Huntsville, Alabama. In April ordered to Nashville, where it was thought it would be mustered out, but instead were ordered to New Orleans, and July 16th ordered to Texas, where it remained till September 25th, when it was mustered out.

They left Peoria on the 23d day of September, 1861, for Benton Barracks, where they received clothing, arms", etc., leaving for the seat of vftxr on the 9th day of October, 1861.

The 47th was engaged at Farmington, Mississippi, on the 9th day of May, in which they lost their lieutenant-colonel, Daniel L. Miles, who was killed while bravelv leading his men. On the 28th of May the regiment participated in an engagement near Corinth ; took part in the battle of Corinth October 3d and 4th, where on the 3d fell the brave and honored Colonel W. A. Thrush, while heroically leading his command in a charge. Loss in this engagement, 30 killed and over 100 wounded.

Thev were with General Grant on his expedition through central Mississippi, and on the 14th day of May, 1863, participated in the liattle of Jackson, Mississippi, which resulted in the capture of that place. Took part in the charge on the enemy's works at Vicksburg, May 22d, losing 12 men killed and a large number wounded; assisted in the defeat of the enemy at Mechanicsville, Mississippi, thirty miles below Vicksburg.

The regiment was at the battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, April 9, 1864, arriving at Vicksburg May 22d, with General Smith's command, after a campaign of nearly three months, in which they suffered almost unheard of fatigue and privations, many men dying from hardships.

The 47th met and defeated General Marmaduke near Lake Chicat, in which engagement they lost 11 killed and a number wounded, among the latter was Major IVIiles, who received almost a fatal shot in the neck.

The original term of service having expired, they were ordered to Springfield, Illinois, where those who did not re-enlist as veterans, were mustered out October 11, 1864.

The veterans and recruits of the regiment numbering 196 men, commanded bv Lieutenants Edward Bouham and Royal Olmstead, accompanied General Mouer's expedition up White river to Brownsville, Arkansas, and from there into Missouri after the rebel General Price's army, which was then raiding the State.

The 47th as re-organized, was mustered out January 21, 1866, at Selma, Alabama, and ordered to Springfield, Illinois, where it received final pay and discharge.

Was organized at CarroUton, Illinois. At Pittsburg Landing, on April Gth, 1862, 400 men were formetl into line in time to receive the first assault of the enemy, and stood their ground for an hour and a quarter. Upon retiring from their position, the regiment was complimented by Gen. Prentiss for its gallant stand. Loss 80 killed, w'ounded and missing, and 3 commissioned officers. Regiment mustered out Sept. 8th, 18l>>, at Nashville, Tenn.

The 7ord was organized at Camp Butler in August, '62, and soon became part of Gen. Buell's army The 73rd took part in every Ijattle fought by the army of the Cumberland, from Oct, 62. until the route of Gen. Hood's army at Nashville.

No greater eulogy can be pronounced on the patrotism, bravery, and heroic devotion to a sacred principle than that silent language of their dead, speaking from the graves of every battle-tield where they poured out their life's blood, at Perryville, Murfreesl^oro, Chickamaugo, Missionary Ridge, through out mountain gorges of East Tennesee and in a succession of battles from Chattanooga to the falls of Atlanta.

The 73rd had 2 majors and 2 adjutants killed, and nearly every officer of the regiment wounded at some time - several, many times; but as to the aggregate loss during their service no data is to Ije found. They left the State one of the largest, and returned one of the smallest regiments, near twothirds of the organization having wasted away, either by disease, or death on the battle field, during their three years' service.

The 85th was organized at Peoria in August, '62, by Col. Robert S. Moore, and mustered into service August 27, '62. Ordered to Louisville, Ky., September 6, '62, assigned to Thirty-Sixth Brigaile, Eleventh Division, Third Army Corps, Col. D. McCook commanding Brigade, Gen. Sheridan commanding Division, and Gen. Gilbert commanding Corps. The 85th marched in pursuit of the enemy under Gen. Bragg, Oct. 1, '62, was engaged in the battle of Champion Hill, at Perryville, Kentucky, Oct. 8, and moved with the army to Nashville, Tenn., arriving Nov. 7, '62.

Regiment mustered out June, 5, '65, at Washington, D. C, and arrived at Camp Butler, 111, June 11, 65, wliere they received their final discharge.

Was organized at Peoria, Illinois, in 1862. Moved for Louisville. Marched from camp Oct. 1, and on the 8th was engaged in the battle of Perryville; engaged in the battle of Chicamauga, Sept. 19, 20 and 21. Moved into Lookout Valley Oct. 29. In tlie night of Nov. 23, crossed the river on a pontoon and camped at the foot of Missionary Ridge Pursued the enemy on the 2Gth to Ringgold, and was then ordered to Knoxville, Tenn. Marched as far as Little Tennessee River, and returned to Chattanooga Dec. 18, after a most severe march. Was engaged at Buzzard's Roost, May 9, 10 and 11; Resaca, May 14, 15 ; Rome, 17th, - 6 kille<l, 11 wounded ; Dallas, from May 27 to June 5; Kenesaw Mountain, from June 11 to 27, - losing 110 killed and wounded. It again engaged the enemy on the banks of the Chattahooche on the 18th July; at Peach Tree Creek on the 19th, and near Atlanta, 20 and 22nd. Engaged in the siege of Atlanta. Commenced the "march to the sea" Nov. 16. Arrived at Savannah Dec. 21. After the surrender of Johnson, marched, via Richmond, to AVashington Citv, at which place was mustered out of service, June 6, 1865. Died, killed, and" wounded, 3-46. Marched 3,500 miles; by rail, 2,000.

Was organized at Bloomington, Illinois, in Aug. '62, and mustered in Aug. 20, and five davs later was ordered to Benton Barracks at St. Louis.

The i)4th, after many fatiguing marches through Missouri and Arkansas, met the enemy at Illinois Creek, Arkansas, under Gen. Hindinan, hohling him in check for three hours, and being reenforced by Gen. Blunt's Division, continued the action until night, when the enemy withdrew.

On the 25th of Nov. '63, was in the battle of Missionary Ridge, capturing a number of prisoners. The regiment moved to Ringgold May 3rd, to prepare for the campaign a])out to commence against Atlanta. The regiment participated in many skirmishes up to the 5th of June, when they moved in front of Kenesaw Mountain, where it was engaged skirmishing almost continously until the 3rd of July, when the enemy left the Mountain. On the 20th July the 104th crossed Peach Tree Creek, and at 4 p.m. were attacked by the enemy, when the regiment distinguished itself for unsurpassed bravery, losing in killed and wounded 50 officers and men.

The campaign, from May 7, when the regiment left Ringgold, to Sep. 6, when it left Jonesboro, was very severe, skirmishing almost continually, never halting for the night without throwing up w"orks for defence. The loss in these engagements being very heavy, in killed and woundeii, and at Peach Tree Creek the right of the regiment was almost annihilated, but the brave boys never faltered.

On the 16th of Nov. the 104th started on that famous " march to the sea," taking possession of Savannah on the 21st Dec. The regiment had its share of the hardships, marches, ect., as also the fine foraging produced by that beautiful country through which they passed.

The Regiment was engaged in the battles of Hartsville, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek, Jonesboro and Bentonville. They were mustered out June 7th, and on the 8th left for Chicago where they received their final discharge.

"Was organized at Camp Peoria, and mustered into the service of the United States, Auf?. 28tli, 1862. The lirst cotnpany was recruited at Pekin, by Charles Turner. Oct. Gth, the refi;'t. left Covington, Ky. arriving on the 8th. On the 17th, marched into the interior of the State, following the retreating enemy. They passed through Falmouth, Cynthiana, Paris and Lexington to Nicholasville, where they went into camp Nov. 1st, and remained until the 14th, when they started for Louisville, arrived on the 19th, and left the 21st for Memphis, Tenn., where it went into camp near the city on the 26th. On the 20th of Dec. they went on hoard the "City of Alton," and proceeded with the expedition, under Gen. W. T. Sherman against Vicksburg. They ])roceeded down the river to the mouth of the Yazoo, and up that river to Johnson's Landing, near Chickasaw Blutt". On the 2i)th they moved upon the enemy, who was found strongly fortified upon the bluffs. It was here the 108th first met the enemy.

They withdrew from the attack on Vicksl)urg Jan. 1st and returned down the Yazoo river and up the White river, antl through a cut-off into the Arkansas, to Arkansas Post, where on the 11th they bore an active part in that most brilliant and successful engagement. There was 13 wounded. On the 17th of Jan., 1863, they moved down stream to Young's Point, La., where they went into camp the 24th.

The long confinement on the transports, and want of pure air and sanitary conveniences during this expedition, cost the regiment more lives than all other causes during its term of service. One officer, Philo. W. Hill, 1st Lieut. Co. A. and 134 i^rivates died during the months of February and March, '64.

Left Camp Butler Oct. 4th, 1862, for Kentucky. After visitinfr Falmouth, Cynthiana, Paris, Lexiufiton, Richmond, Danville and Louisville, Feb. 1st, '63, proceeded to Nashville, Tenn. March 1st moved to Franklin. By reason of exposure on marches and scouting expeditions during the severe winter of '62 and '63, it lost about 200 men. In March it engaged VanDorn, and drove him across Duck river. Sept. 19 engaged the enemy on the field of Chickamauga, Participated in all the engagements around Chattanooga and Mission Ridge. It lost in the fall campaign of '63, 235 men and 10 officers. It led the charge on Tunnel Hill, Ga., May 7th, May 15th and 16th engaged in battle of Resaca,

Ga. Lost during the Atlanta campaign 100 men. Returned to Tennessee with Gen. Thomas, and was active in the destruction of Bragg's old veteran army under Gen. Hood. It received final discharge at Camp Butler, June 23d, '65.

Was organized at Camp Butler Sept, ISth, 1864, for one year. Companies B and C were ordered to Arighton, III, Companies D and H toQuincy, and Company F to Jacksonville, and were a.ssigned to duty guarding drafted men and substitutes. The remaining companies were assigned to similar duty at Camp Butler. July 5th, 1865, it was mustered out of service.

"Was organized at Camp Butler Feb. 21st, 1865, for the term of one year. Feb. 22d proceeded to Nashville, Tenn. Mach 1st moved to Tullahoma. ' June 18th five companies were ordered to Deckerd, one company was stationed at Mc- Minnville, and the other four companies were engaged' in guarding the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad fromLombardy to Anderson Station. Arrived at Springfield Sept. 9th, 1865, where it received its final discharge.

Was organized at Camp Butler, 111., by Col. Ferdinand D. Stephenson, and was mustered in Feb. 18th, 1865, for one year. Feb. 20th it moved to Nashville, Tenn., and thence to Tullahoma. The regiment arrived at Camp Butler Sept. 9th, 1865, where it received final payment and discharge.

Was organized at Camp Butler Feb. 28th, 1865, for one year. March 2d it proceeded via Louisville and Nashville, to TuUahoma, Tenn. June loth it was divided into detachments of 20 to 30 men each, and assigned to guard duty on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroads from Nashville to Duck river, a distance of fifty miles. Sept. 4th it was mustered out, and moved to Camp Butler, 111., wliere it received final pay and discharge.

"Was organized at Camp Butler Aug., 1861. Sept. 25th moved to St. Louis, Mo. October 1st to Jetferson City, thence to Warsaw, arriving Oct. 11th, and on the 23d marched to Springfield, Mo. Feb. 13th it fought the first engagement, and won the first victory of Curtis' campaign. Feb. 14, '62, occupied Springfield, Mo.; loth came up with Price's retreating army, capturing some prisoners; 18th, partici])ated in a charge, routing the enemy, at Sugar Creek, Ark. ; 20th marched to Cross Hollows; INIarch 5th fell back to Pea Ridge; was engaged on the 7th and lost 10 killed and 40 wounded; 19th moved to Keetsville; April 10th arrived at Forsyth ; 29th moved to West Plains; May 1st started for Batesville; 14th moved to Little Red River. June 4th fell back to Fairview; on the 7th Capt. Sparks with 66 men was surrounded liy 200 of the enemy, he cut his wav out, losing 4 wounded and 4 prisoners; June 11th to Jacksonport; July 5th to Helena, and moved to IMemphis in the spring of 1863. They took part in the battles of Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, and siege of Vicksl)urg; also Vermillionville, Opelou.sas and Carrion Crow Bayou; participated in battles of Tupelo, Okolona and Guntown. Aug. 21st it took part in repulsing Gen. Forrest's attack on Memphis. Took part in the battles of Lawrencel)urg, Spring Hill, Campbellsville and Franklin. In May moved to St. Louis, thence to St. Paul, Minn. July 4th started on an Indian expedition. Returned to Springfield, 111., Oct. 13th, 1865, and was mustered out of service. -

Company " F," of this regiment, was recruited at Pekin in the fall and winter of 1861, and reported to the regiment, at Peoria, with ninety-eight men, and three commissioned officers. The regiment left for the field, 22d of Feb., 1865, and participated in the battle of Shiloh. After the evacuation of Corinth, the regiment was assigned by detachments to service l)etween that place and Memphis. Nov. 19th Co. "F" reported to the regiment at Jack.son, Miss.; was engaged at Lexington, Dec. 18th, 18C2, when 46 of their number, with the colonel, fell into the hands of the enemy. The regiment remained in West Tennessee till September, 186:5, doing gooVl work among the guerrillas. After this they operated in the country between the Big Black and Pearl rivers, and on the Yazoo, rendering that' country untenable for the Johnnies. The regiment veteranized in December, 1864. They participated in Sherman's grand march through Mississippi. During the summer of 1864, they were in many skermishes and raids. November and December were with General Osborne in the raid against the Mississippi Central Railroad, reached Vicksburg on Dec. 5th; moved to Memphis in January, 1865; joined in Grierson's raid; was engaged at Egypt Station; after this raided in Arkansas and Louisiana, and done guard duty on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. It was mustered out at Memphis, Tenn., Sept. 30th, and arrived at Peoria, Oct. 12th, 1865.