Penn Township (part 2 of 3)

So writes jNCr. James Fraser, ^^-ell known in Stark county for years past, as a scientific and practical miner, to whom we are indebted for the facts relative to the development and growth of this enterprise among us. He is an P^nglishman by birth and education, came here in IS-")? fresh from the collieries of Xew Castle, and together with a fellow countryman, Tiiomas Tunsall, leased part of section 14 from Elisha Dixon. The coal trade here was still in its infancy, but they opened a mine and worked it systematically, and by cleaning their coal of sulphur and slack made it ]nore marketable, and l)etter adaj^ted for cooking purposes, which advantages soon brought it into more general use.

that represents at It'ast oiie-fourth of tlie coal business for the county in isr),s, and would i)ut the amount now for one year, at !>."),( IIM» or ;5(»,(H)i) tons, not including- the Wyoming- shalt, which probably furnislies as nuich more; but as we sliall speatc of that more fully in connection with the town, we shall trace its history no farther here. Thomas Tnnsall one of the pioneers in this branch of trade, died in bSiJ'), and is buried in the Toulon cemetery.

Every township in Stark is well supplied with coal, and in all, mines have l)een worked to a greater or less extent. Our coal l)usiness has )>een subject to l)ut few fluctuations. Through the Avinter it reg'ularly affords work for large numbers of la))orers, at })r<){itable rates. Our dealers have suffered from no "strikes" such as Iiave spread panic through the eastern states, and we have needed no " Molly ]Maguires " to regulate our prices; the natural laws of supply and demand have been heeded, the rights of all parties, in the main regarded, hence there have l)een no collisions, and it is to be hoi)ed our capitalists may be as wise for the future.

Our supply of istone is limited, the eastern part of the county being l)est supplied with this useful connnodity. In the vicinity of Bradfoi'd the traveler is occasionally surprised by the vision of a stone house, and it is said that the station in Valley, known as AVady Petra, received its oriental name, on account of an unexpected discovery of rock by its late ow^er llev. Philander Chase; the term signifying in our tongue, a " rocky valley " or valley of rock.

For many years Stark county suffered for want of railroad facilities, not only as a matter of convenience to the traveling public, but because the rich products of her fields and mines w^ere seeking outlet, and thus, Kewanee and Galva, both Henry county towns, reaped large jjrofits from a trade that should have enlivened our own streets, and brought prosperity to our own business houses.

As early as ISoO, enterprising men were at work to change this state of affairs and secure for us home markets by means of railways. A road over the present line of the Peoria ct Hock Island, was first talked of, and prominent men from the two cities made many journeys across the intervening country, with this project in view. But it failed.

our state, connecting the Illinois with tlie Mississippi river, and touching at the principal towns in our county - Wyoming, Toulon and Lafayette, all of which could l)e easily reached it was thought. Great interest was taken in this movement, and a large amount of stock was subscribed.

In 1854 the county voted bonds to aid the enterprise to the amount of So(),000. The same year the route was surveyed, and in the following year the supervisors granted the bonds voted by the people. In September, 1855, the " breaking ground " was celebrated at Toulon by a public dinner on the square, and appropriate speeches. Great enthusiasm prevailed and a good i)ortion of the vast assemblage afterwards adjourned to the prairie east of town to see the first shovelful of earth thrown up on the much desired road.

But all this ended in blank disappointment, as, after grading the road in sections from river to river, the company in cliarge was found to be irresponsible and no iron or " rolling stock " was ever obtained.

They proceeded to buy the right of way from the " airline," and new subscriptions and bonds were voted to them. These bonds were granted on certain conditions, one of which was that the i^oad should run within one-half mile of the centres of Toulon, Wyoming and Lafayette. These conditions were never all complied ^^'ith, but the new company built and equipped the road, and the bonds are all being paid. The first train of cars on the Peoria and Rock Island railroad, reached Toulon in June, 1871.

This was but a construction train, but it was a sure harbinger of better things, and the citizens must be rather demonstrative in their rejoicing. So another fine dinner was improvised, and not only residents, but all the officers and employees of the road were bidden to the feast. Tables were set in the grove, near Judge Ogle's, and all "went merry as a marriage bell" - the " i)addies " wishing they " could get to Toulon for the first time, often."

William R. Hamilton, William II. Cruiser, IT. T. Baldwin and Valentine Dewein, of Peoria; Patrick M. Blair, Toulon ; Williani' L. Wiley, Galva ; O. E. Page and Amos Gould, Cambridge, and Ransom R. Cable, of Rock Island.

" The line of the Peoria and Rock Island railway passes centrally through the counties of Peoria, Stark, Henry and Rock Island,, and through the north-east corner of Knox county ; and at least one-third of the four iirst named counties will l)e tributary to it. This region of country is unsurpassed by any portion of th(^ United States, for fertility and productiveness.

"There is almost no waste land along the entire line of this road. The streams are only fringed with timber, and the rich midulations of magniticent prairie, all under im})rovement, and teeming with i)opulatif)n and wealth., ext(>nd in every direction, iiir as the eye can reach."

Add to these agricultural resources the products of tlie vast coal measures along its route, and we may well conclude that if the Peoria and Rock Island railway does not, or has not paid a good per centage to stockholders, we must look for the reason elsewhere.

But the Peoria and Rock Island Railway, is not the only one Stark county is interested in. Over on the east side is what was called the " Dixon, Peoria and Hannibal road." This road was in running order some time prior to the completion of the P. & R. I. R. R. and was secured in great measure, by the almost sui)erhuman efforts of Dr. Alfred Castle. It is now recognized as the "Buda branch of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy road," by which it is controlled. It traverses three of our townships, Essex, where it strikes the town of Wyoming, Penn, and Osceola. The other road accommodates Valley, Essex, Toulon and dJoshen, leaving but two without railroad facilities, and very ])robably a few more years will see new lines devised, comuH-ting other points, whose routes will lie through West Jersey and Elniira.

Although Stark county is .small in area, among its citizens are those who have produced some of the best and most widely used inventions of the day. And in particular we would refer to James Armstrong, jr., oi" Elmira, who has done much, for a man of his age to lessen the fatigue and labor of the tillers of tlie soil. To those who now use the "Armstrong" or " Keystone" corn planter, with its adaptations so portect in every respect, as to be considered by many incapable of improvement, it will be interesting to know that the iirst of these niachines was invented, built and used by Mr. Ainnstrong in the year 1S(>(), when oidy a , boy of fourteen years. True the })lanter of that date v,as somewhat cumbersome and rough, but in it were embodied the main features of the present machine, viz: perfect regulation of the depth of planting and the visible throwing drop by v\hich the seed is forcibly and with positive certainty, deposited in the earth in view of the operator. With this planter, built with the few tools he was able to gather together, the sky over head for the roof of his shop, and the side of a corn crib for its wall ; in that year he planted 80 acres on his father's farm. The yield of corn Avas the largest produced to that date. This was the Iirst check row pkmter ever used on the place, and no other planters than those of his own invention have ever since been used on it. In 1862, the United States Patent office granted him his first patent on his invention. The neighboring farmers hearing of his mathey chine began to want the i)lanter that threw out the corn so as could see it when planting, lie made as many as he was able. In 1863 he took his machine to the trial of agricultural implements, held by the state agricultural society at Decatur, Illinois, where it was well received. In 18(54, the government granted him another patent for improvements. In 1865 at the Illinois State Fair held at Chicago, his planter received the society's "reconnuendation for superior qualities." But living as he was, about ten iniles from railroads, and having to get his castings from railroad towns, and part of his work done here and i)art done there, and there being occasioned so much hauling of material, and extra labor, it was Impossible to supply all demands for his majhin?^, which as thsy bacime kio ,vn, wer > the m^re called for.

It was whilst his planter \vas bcin^;;- exhibited at the Iowa state fair in 1866, that it was noticed by Mr. Thomas A. Gait, then of the iirm of (Jalt& Tracy, Sterling, Illinois - now the excellent l)rcsi(l('nt of the Keystone Manufacturing' Company. Coniiiiunications wore entered into by the al)ove nan^ed gentleman and I\Ir. Arni-itrong, and arran.genients made where! )y they undertoolv the building of the " .Armstrong," !iow iriore widely known as the " ls.eystone Corn Planter." Jn the spring- of 1H()7 they built and sold lifty planters, but so rapid and increasing has been the demand tliat altliough tliey had five thousand ready for the spring of iSTo, and had the caijacity for turning out fifty machines per day, the company w( re unable to supjdy all orders. It is believed the si)ring of ISTG will see more than twenty-live thousand of these machines in the hands of thetarmers. They are shipped from the lactory in car loads, and tlieir sales extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Besides the above patents the g-overnment has granted to Mr. Armstrong several other valualile ones on his planter, among the last of which is for a gravitating' " cut off," considered !)y farmers and ex])erts the most ingenious aiul perfect device for preventing the cutting of corn ever nivented.

Besides his Yjlant-^r, he is the inventor of the Armstrong Patent riding corn cultivator, with its laterally and vertically adjustable guard, of which he built as many as two hundred in one si)ring at Elmira ; but the demand becoming too great, the Sandwich manufacturing company of Sandwich, Illinois, took hold of it and built by the thousand. It has of late been built by the Eureka manufacturing company of Rock Falls, Illinois. In company with his brother George, he also perfected a gang plow - each plow adjustal)le to any reipiired depth, with patent rolling colters which are adjustable, so as to raise and lower whilst the plow is in motion.

A goodly number of these have been used by our farmers, and all of them with success. He also built a powerful wind-mill of his own invention capable of running a circular saw, emery grinder, drill, latiie, etc.

A few years ago, when there was wfiiro}' for steamers for "cooking feed," he tried his hand at that kind of invention, and succeeded in producing one that worked to perfection, and on a principle different from any known to him. But not wishing to continue in that line of invention he did not pursue it further.

Being eciually at honie at the blacksmith's forge, the carpenter's bench, or witli tlie painter's brush - his machines which have been exhibited annually at our county fairs for the last 12 years - many of tliem constructed and finished wholly by himself - have been admired for their symmetrical proportions and tlie artistic skill and finish which they exhibited, no less than for perfect adaptation to the purposes for which they are intended. He possesses in lar^ii^e measure originality of concei)tion - the faculty of discovering- means to accomi)lish a desired result, and of bringing into practical shape, with his own hands, whatever mechanical combination his fertile mind works out. He is known to our farmers as a kind, accommodating and unpretending youngman, and has the respect, confidence, and esteem of all our citizens.

We regret to add that this noble young inventor has passed from earth since the foregoing account was penned. He fell a victim to lung disease, })roba))ly induced liy the fatigues and exposures of the harvest of ISTO.

His early demise will be deplored by all who knew the rare and noble qualities of his nature. Yet, he lived to impress indelil)ly the name of Armsfro/u/ upon the manufacturing and agricultural interests of Illinois. Few will accomplish as much, though they live to bow beneath a weight of years.

Source changes here: from Documents and Biography Pertaining to the Settlement and Progress of Stark County, Illinois : Containing an Authentic Summary of Records, Documents, Historical Works and Newspapers Relating to Indian History, Original Settlement, Organization and Politics ..., by Leeson, M. A. (Michael A.), published 1887; 16,020 words in this source stream.

Penn Township

HE commissioners appointed under the act of 1851 to divide the county into townships gave tlie present name to township 13, north, range 7, east, in 1853. Prior to tliis time it was known as Spoon river precinct, and sometimes given the name of some leading old settler, or calle i according to the number of assessors' district. The townsliip is rich in its fertile lands. Many large farms are found here, and all - large and small - tell of the husbandman's care and toil. Coal fields underlie the township, and a good quality of fire-clay is found in some places. The streams and rivulets, common to the other townships, may be said to be wanting here, although Cooper's Defeat creek, a' modest stream, courses through its northern sections. The fact of good water being found a few feet below the surface more than compensates for the absence of streams. Except in dry seasons, such as that of last year, artificial wells produce an abundant supply. The villages of the township are Castleton, Walden and Camp Grove. The population in 1880 was 1,216, now estimated at 1,300. In this township is found the only German Evangehcal Lutheran church in the county. Here also is the center of the Pleasant View circuit of the Methodist Protestant church. Tiie origin of the name -^Cooper's Defeat Creek," as determined by the pioneer of Peoria, 'Captain Haaclve (Hickey), is as follows: '''The winter of 1831-32 was the winter of the deep snow, the weather before Christmas being pleasant, when a \ydvty of four men were etiui})ped by a trader by the name of John Hamlin, then of Peoria, who was buying furs for the American Fur Company. Fitting them out with an ox team of two yoke and provisions for their journey from Peoria to the Winnebago swamps, with provisions to trade with the Winnel)agos and Pottawatomies, tliey proceeded on their journey. Snow commenced to fall, the air grew colder, and continued to grow more so as they journeyed along, until they were compelled by the fierce cold and driving snow to abandon their team. The snow was so dee]) the cattle got swamped, and they were left to their fate. With Boyd's Grove in view, the men started, guided by a large tree and a light at the grove. liidgewa}^ was the only one who'succeeded in making his way to the grove. The other three, two of whom were Bill and Jerry Cooper (the other name forgotten), perished on the prairie near a stream south-west of Boyd's Grove. The bones of the men and cattle were seen in the spring following, also the sled, as the soldiers of the Black Hawk war were marching, all mounted, 260 strong, to make battle with the Sac and Fox Indians."

The Schools of Penii tUite back to 1836, when Wall's schoolhouse was the resort of scholars, preachers and worshipers. In 1845 the township was organized for school ptirposes. The earliest record in ])ossession of Brooks W. Crum, present school treasurer, dates back to June, 1846, Samuel Camp being treasurer, when a notice of the tax levy for 1845 is given. Prior to tiiis, the same year, Lemuel S. Dorrance, Henry Breese, Nehemiah Merritt and John Todd were elected trustees. The tax levy was §85. 89 In 1846 the tax was $6 heavier. In June, 1846, L. P. Bates received $28 for teacliing the Franklin district school. In November, '47, Lucinda Bus well received $17 for teaching in District No. 3. At this time there were 114 children of school age here. In '48 Joseph Newton was treasurer for district No. 1 ; James Ilolgate for No. 2 ; John Dodd for No. 3 ; and later, Elisha Greentield. In '40 thirty-three voters petitioned for the sale of school lands. Dexter Wall and Jos. Newton were directors of district No. 1; in '50 P. S. Shaver and Virgil Pike were directors. In this year the tax levy was $83 for Penn schools. In '48 Camp resigned the office, and is supposed to have been succeeded by Franklin Pratt, whose name, however, is not signed as treasurer. In "51 the bahmce due James Buswell, for building schoolhouse in district 3. was paid. In March. '62, there were nine school districts. The teachers were, respectivelv : David Redding. E. McAllister, Miss E. Smith. J. E. Gharrett. A. H. Bassett. J. B. Kent. B. Drake, and J. R. Holland. In disti-ict Xo. 8 there was neither schoolhouse nor school. Salary ranged from sl6 to $28. Two hundred and twenty-three pupils were enrolled. The first regular record of board of trustees is dated April 6, "63. wlien the nine districts were fully organized with 373 scholars. E. J. Griffin was treasurer in '65. In October of this year the election of trustees under the new law resulted in the choice of J. W. Earhart, Benj. Bunnell and James Snare. They also served up to '70, when the following named teachers, appointed in "67, were here : Mary Hay. Andrew Turnl)ull, A. W. King. A. Hemment, G. W. McClyment, Simeon Bell, Ithamer Duybault, A. J. Dyer, Ira Stockner and J. L. D. Long In '71 the name of Samuel Cruni appears as trustee. In '72 Messrs. Snare. Crum and James Woods formed the board. In '76 James A. Bunnell. James Snare, James Woods and E. J. Griffin, treasurer, formed the board. In this year also the boundaries of districts were changed throughout. In '77 the old schoolhouse and lot of district 5 were ordered to be sold. This house was sold to J. T. Eagelston for s69. In '78 Messrs. Crum, Snare and Bunnell formed the board, and in September the lot of district Xo. 5 was sold to Eliza McLaughlan for slO. In '79 C. Bocock. Alex. Kessinger and Samuel Crum were the trustees. In '80 B. W. Crum succeeded Mr. Griffin as clerk. In '81 Jonathan Gleeson was elected a trustee : in '82. George Wright : in '83 Jonathan Gleeson ; G. M. Wrioht and Cvrus Bocock formed the board, with the hrst named, president, and they, with B. W. Crum, have formed the board down to the ])resent time.' The election held in district Xo. 2 on the question of Ijuilding a new schoolhouse. July 17. '80. resulted in nine votes for and two against the project. William Whitten and L. A. Foster were judges of election, with Xathan Downing, clerk. In '86 there were 219 males and 231 females under 21 years; one graded and eight ungraded schools, attended by 256 pupils and presided over by seven male and seven female teachers, the former earning si, 460. 90, and the latter. sl.S62.51. The total receipts were s6,608..63 ; expenditures, §4,263.78.

The justices of peace since 1853 are named as follows : 1853, Henry Breese and John Snare : "54, John G. Wheelock ; '55, Peter S. Shaver; '56, Adonijah Taylor; '57, Robert McBocock, Peter Shaver and G. Averyatic ; "59, Jkmes Snare; '61, Robert McBocock: '63, James Snare; '65, Robert McBocock; '69, Robert AlcBocock ; '71, James Snare ; '73, J. W. Earhart, James Snare and W. B. Payne ; '77, James

Castleton was surveyed by Edwin Bntler for Alfred H. Castle, and the plat acknowledged April 7, 1870, before Isaac Thomas, J. P. The original town consists of seven blocks, northwest of the old D. P. & H.

B. B., lf)0 feet south of the northeast corner of northwest quarter, section 16, township 13, range 7 east. Lincoln, Washington and Main streets are shown running north and south, and Smitli, Sherman and State, east and west. Kissinger s addition was acknowledged October 11, 1870, extending from the line between sections nine and sixteen to Alexander street, showing Concord depot and Leon streets running north and south. The early purchasers of lots in blocks one and two at Castleton were G. W. Scott, Cyrus Bocock, Scott & Wrigley, B. G. Llall, Winlield Scott, in 1871 ; Emily A. Gunn, in 1872 ; John Mc- Kenzie, E. B. Morris, 1871-; John Murchison, Franz Booch, 1875; Phoebe Keardon, 1877; Louisa S. Sherman, AV. E. Edgar, 1878; A. Bouse, 1880; Horace L. Brown, Sarah J. Jones, 1881. The Methodist Episcopal Church Society of Castleton secured lot 12, and part of 11, from Scott, AYrigley & Scott, in November, 1871. In block three a few of the above named invested, with others, named as follows: Marcia E. White, 1869 ; Ilarty <k Avery, C. Davidson, 1870 ; O. B. Newton, Jerry D. Woodset, K^ A. Shaw, Henry C. Griffin, 1871 ; Abbie II. Newton, James & J. D. Woods, 1873 ; James W. Fleming, E. Champion, Ernestine Julg. 1875 ; McClure, Cutler & Co., D. Frey, 1876 ; C. P. Kellogg & Co., 1877 ; Henry Carse, Wilham Holgate, W. Frey, T. H. Doan, 1877, and others. In September, 1881, the German Lutheran Society purchased lots 8, 9. 10, 11 and 12. In blocks four and live Ulricli Swartz bought in 1871 and 1 876, and John Tess, in 1883. Heppe Sell warts bought lots one to six, in block fiv^e, in April, 1880, the Scotts, of Wyoming, Emily A. Gunn, and E. B. Norris, b.ing the principal Wyers in all the blocks. In May, 1877, the Methodist Episcopal Society purchased on block seven, and from 1871 to 1885 a number of lots were sold and resold. Kissinger's addition was sold off between 1875 and 1885.

C. E. Jordan, principal ; Leo Julg, boots and shoes ; J. A. Klock & Fleming, grain elevator; Gilman, carpenter ; L. F. Moran, milliner; H. D. Martin, painter and wagon-maker ; Etta Sharrett, Paul Newton, teachers; W. S. Smith, blacksmith ; G. Wright, farm implements and insurance ; Patrick Sullivan, (now of Wyoming) B. F. Gharrett, justice ; Bev. W. H. Jordan, P. M. church ; Kev. C. Prohl , Lutheran church ; Mrs. D. Stewart, postmistress and hotel, succeeding D. W. Crum in the postoffice ; Ackley & Co. and Fuller & Co.

In 1875 the bill for the establishment of a Normal School was passed. Prof. J. D. Woods was named as principal, with C. Bocock, G. W. Scott, H. J. Cosgrove and F. M. Earhart, directors. A Normal institute continues to be held there still, some of the meetings equaling in interest and number in attendance the most successful of

Churches. - The Methodist Episcopal cliui'ch of Penn toAvnship, is contemporary with that at Wyoming, hut the early records of it were imperfect. From '36 to '41) Wilham IJall, of Osceola Grove, was leader at Wall's. The class which met at Wall's schoolhouse in '51-2 comprised John Drawver, leader; Eachel, Hiram and Marv Drawyer, Sarah Wall, Phcphe Sniith. JMary Stairbook, John T. Phoenix, Lvdia Phoenix, Martha Ilarman, Xancy Geer, Parlnira Dunn, Plia^be A. Mason (who died in '53), Henry Seeley, Daniel Drawyer, Esther Ticknor, William Shurtleff, Zip]^orah Warren. In '52 this class was divided, Drawver taking charge of the class at Seeley's Point. Setli Davison was ap]iointed leader, and with him were Sarah AVall, Phoebe Smith, Zipporah Warren, Catherine Merritt and Daniel Prunck.

Holffate's class met at llolgate's schoolhouse in '51-2 with John Prvor, leader. , Tlie member Avere : John and Mary Pryor, Clarissa Kickey, Sylvania Ilolgate, Timothy and Keziali Ilollister, Dan and Mary Buriiell, Draper Hitchcock, Permelia Winter, Lydia Snare and Temperance T3riggs.

The class-book of the church at Castleton gives the following names of members in January, '71 : J. P. Pobertson, Barbara Robertson, Thomas and Emma Pobertson, Dr. Seldon Minor, Eliza JMinor, Elizabeth Prown, Hattie Shoemaker, E. B. Norris, Lizzie Norris, John McFadden and wife, Joseph McFadden, Thomas and Sarah Stark, James and Permelia Woods, Ellen Griffin, Jane Ackley, Elizabeth Payne. William Underwood Avas presiding elder, with E. Hansom, missionar3\ In '73, C. Springer was presiding eldei', E. Ransom, P. C, and Ezra Griffin, C. L. with only twelve members in class. In November, '74, the names of Sarah Westfall, Emma B. McKinstry, ]\fatilda Wilson. Calvin Davison, Nettie Ivohn, Temperance Baccm, and other members of the families named in '71 appear on the list. In '70 there were many additions, including the Bunnells, Fosters, Smiths, Birds, Gleasons, Douglass, Martins, CI arks and E. B. Drawyer. In '82 H. D. D. ^Martin was class leader, with Rev. G. C. Woodruff. })reacher. In '84 the names of Amamla Wright, Jennie McMillen, four members of the Drawyer family and members of other families named above appear on the list.

Methodist Protestant church of Castleton and circuit dates back to the year '-l-t>, wheii Moses Jared, of Canton, ])astor of Lafayette circuit, being informed that a party of Methodist Protestants had removed from Pennsylvania to the neigliborhood in the eastern part of Stark county, now known as Snareville, visited them and organized ''Snare's class " of three members, as a part of the Lafayette circuit. From various causes the circuit weakened at Lafayette, and was changed between '53 and '58 to Spoon River Circuit. Subsequently the work extended eastward and, to satisfy the new classes, another change to " Pleasant View circuit" was authorized in '04. Rev. AFr. Jared served his full term on the Lafayette circuit and was followed by other's whose names are not given in the record. In '58 Spoon River circuit advanced, and, down to the present time, there is an unbi'oken history. In '59, or early in '60 the parsonage at Snareville was purchased, dui-ing the pastorate of

Rev. J. L. Scott, who came here in '58. In '6(» Rev. Robert Rice took charge, followed by Daniel Woods, S. P. Huntingdon, J. M. Ford, Edward Sellon, each of whom served one year; W. E. Martin, two years ; G. L. Taylor, three years. W. W. Williams came in '70, Isaac Wood in '71, Robert Burns, in '72 ; William Ross, in '73 ; L. S. Hitchins, '74; E. J. Wynans, '75; J. L. Scott, '76; F. Stringer, '79; J. L. Kidd, '80, and Rev. W. H. Jordan, '81. In June, "82, the trustees, John Snare, Richard Ilight and Henry B. Ackley were instructed to sell the property at Snareville, and purchase parsonage grounds at Castleton. This was sold to Albert Snare for $-115, and the present property purchased from Mrs. E. G. Gharrett for $750, and was deeded to the trustees of the Pleasant View circuit. Among the names of the first members of the church at Castleton are : James Snare, Elijah Holmes, Harriet Holmes, Mary Gleason, Clara Fleming, Jane Adams, Mrs. Earhart, John and Eliza Loper, Henry and Lottie Ackley, Mrs. Morris, Mary E. Adams, Mary William, William and Elizabeth Smith.

Among the members supposed to be old members of the M. P. church at Snareville were : Samuel and Lue Fulton, James Fulton, Margaret Fulton, Samuel and Elizabeth Crum, Mrs. A. A. Coghlan, Mrs. James Snare, John Snare, Mrs. White, Rachel White, George and Marv Talbert, Mrs. Harden, John M. and Sirella Maderis, Marv, Henry and Cynthia Newton, William and Emily Curfman, Ausman and Laura Dixon, James D. and Rhoda Ballentine, Alexander Ballentine, Daniel Coghlan, L. Templeton, Ella Dixon, Joseph and Mary Vernon.

The German Evangelical Lutheran St. Timothy church at Castleton was organized b}^ Rev. F. R. Bess, of Peoria, in '78. The fo.llowing members signed the constitution at that time : Jasper Schwartz, Wilhelm Conrad, Johann Tess, Hinrich Dunkelmann,"Friedricli Brinkmann, Hibbe Schwartz, T. Rahmeyer, Fritz Tess, Johann Wagner, Carl Burmeister, Jacob Zimmermann. The congregation built a church the same year for $1,500, which was dedicated December 8, '78. Tlie first pastor who lived with the congregation was Rev. Carl Proehl, until that time assistant pastor of the German Ev. Lutheran St. Paul's church in Peoria, 111. Rev. Carl Proehl was called in '78, and is yet there. He has chai'ge 'of two other congregations which belong to the Castleton parish, one near Kewanee, Henry county, the other near Dunlap, Peoria county, 111. The congregation is growing very slowly, but continually, and has been increased mainly by immigration from Germany, to twenty-three families, with twentj^-one voting members and 102 souls. The property of the congregation consists of the church, with a fine l)ell, for $280, the parsonage, a schoolhouse and nine lots, representing a value of $3,500. No debts. The parochial school, which is held by the pastor during nine months in the year, is visited by 15-20 children. The congregation raises for her own purposes about $350, and for home and foreign missions about $80 ever}^ year. The trustees are at present : Fr. Brinkmann, W. Conrad and Fr. Tess. The storm of July, '79, damaged the German church at Castleton, and did much damage through the county.

The Union Literary Societ}^ of Castleton, a consolidation of the two old societies, was organized in March, 1883, with E. E. Ackley, president ; W. N. Jordan, secretary ; Jennie Gharrett, treasurer ; and B. W. Crum, \'/. P. Snare, Lizzie Moran, and L). W. Cruni, executive committee.

The Castleton Lodge of Good Templars, organized some time ago, claims a large mem])ership, and is prolific in good results. A reasonable effort failed to secure a summary of records.

Camp Grove, \)avt\y in this township and in Marshall county, is one of the ancient settlements of the Si)oon river district. There is the old Catliolic church and cemetery, witli which the names of almost all the Catholic settlers of this section have been identified. The business cn'cle of Camp Grove comprises, G. A. Blauvet, blacksmith; James Chambers and Amanda Hi bbard, agents; AVm. J] vans, meat-market ; J. Townsend, general merchant ; R. McBocock, W. J. Townsend and Charles Wingate, live stock ; P. G. Fargo, iron and metals ; S. H. Nichols, carpenter, and W. II. Owens, justice, witli W. J. Townsend, postmaster.

Li the days when the Bocock store was a great institution at Camp Grove, a man named Crook called on Cyrus Bocock with a view of obtaining ten cents worth of nails on credit. The storekeeper could not see how Crook would ever I'edeem even this small debt, and so refused to sup[)ly him. The caller left without ceremony, prospected around the barn, and returnino- to the store said: "Cy, don't vou want some eggs ? I've a dozen here." He responded, "Yes." The eggs were taken in excliange for the nails, l^ut as Crook was leaving, Mr. Bocock called out: '* Say, Crook, are these eggs g(jod ( '' Crook responded : ''I don't know how o-ood thev mav be, as thev are vour own raisino- " saying Avhich he disa])peared. Crook and his wife after many wanderings settled in Kansas, where both died very poor.

I^raiiMhi Cemetery. - Very many of the old settlers of Penn and adjoining townsliips now lie in the Franklin cemetery, in Osceola township. The record dates back to 1835, beginning with Sally Seeley, aged one year, died in J 835 ; Elizabeth Seeley, 1841; Zui-ali Smith, '43; Lereau Emanuel, '45; Jay Spencer, '39; Elizabeth Spencer, '41; Sarah Brees, '38. The other interments of old persons in this cemetery, as far as denoted by monuments, are as follows - the name and date of death being giv^en: Joel Wilson, '82; Jane Xewton, '81 ; Joseph Newton, '71 ; Wm. Seeley, '50; Eliza Seeley. 'Go ; Martha Seeley, '50 ; W. Seeley, '76; Amanda Seeley, '65; Orpha Wells, '73; Ilepsabeth Moore, '50; James Moore, '53; Eliza Moore. '69; Wm. Moore, '72; Peter Sharer, '66; Asher Smith, '69 ; Phoebe Smith, '81 ; Adelaide Hylton, '72; Marv Hvlton, '82: Marv Wilcox, '54; Samuel Montooth, '85; Eliza Jackson, 65; John Hunter, 63; Riley Ilarwood, '74; Magda-

The Franklin Cemetery Association, Castleton, elected E. D. Drawyer, B3^ron Smith and Paul Newton directors in 1SS6), with the latter secretary and treasurer.

Snareville Cemetenj appears to have l^een first tenanted in 1838, when Orange Fuller was buried there. The record of interments taken from monuments is as folloAvs : Sylvina Ilolgate, '72 ; Hannah Downing, '86 ; George P. McClyment, '84; Alex Kissinger, '8(» ; Daniel Cogidan, '79; Jasper M. Morris, '82; Henry B. Dorrance, '85; Frank White, '86 ; J. L. Kennedy, 19th Hlinois Infantry ; Naomi (Arganbright) Miller, '63; Julia A. Piter, '61 ; Henry Springer, '77 ; Pebecca 6sl)orn, '55; Jasper Schwart, 'SO; Elizaljeth Tess, '78; Chas. M. Scranton, '64 ; Virgil Pike, '79 ; Mary 7ernon, '81 ; Isaac Patch, '56 ; Barl>ara Dunn, '61 ; Daniel Zumwalt, '54 ; Zebulon Avery, '54 ; Mary Avery, '75 ; Phoebe Newton, '49 ; Benj. Newton, '51 ; Phineas Gleason. '74; Lydia Snell, '78; Hannah A1 Drawver, '48; Lydia White, '80 ; Orange Fuller, '38 ; Hepsebah Fuller, '48 ; Sarah Fuller, '56; Nancy (Akerly) Griffin, '77; James Griffin, '65; Clarinda P. Rickey, '58 ; Jolm Pickey, '61 ; Sarah Bunnell, '76 ; John H. ]]unnell, OneJiimdred-and-twelfth Infantry; '64 ; Gavin L. Renwick, '74.

In the foregoing list of tenanted graves many a well-known name appears, and should the reader look through similar lists in the other chapters devoted to township history, familiar names will be brought u[) as reminders of those whose early toils here are forever ended. With all this the following mention of persons connected with the township at one time or another, will be found a valuable addition.

Biography And Reminiscences

Henry B. Acliey^ son of John and Jane (Nixon) Ackley was born at Kicka])00, Peoria county, Sei)tember 18, '50. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, and mother an Ohioan. His paternal grand- ])arents being Uriah and Lydia (Sawers) 'Ackley, natives of New Jersey, of German ancestry. John Ackley came to Peoria county in '38 ; was married there August 19, '49^ to Miss Jane, daughter of William Nixon and Marv Nixon, both natives of Virginia, and to this marriage three children were born, of whom Henry B. and Edward E., both of this township, are living. Henry B. Ackley received a practical education in the district schools and on his father's farm. On January 1, 1874 he married Miss Charlotte, daughter of John and Elizabeth Loper, of Ohio and Indiana, respectivelv. To this marriage one son was born, January 8, '81, Charles E., ^vliQ died October 25, '85. After his marriage he engaged in farming, and continued so engaged until '78, when he rented his fai'in and attended the Xorthern Indiana Xormal School, and when, after completing a course of study, he passed one summer in Kansas ; then purchased Humphrey Avery's business at Castletou, and has carried on a general trade down to the present time. In politics he is decidedly Ilei)ublican. He has served as township clerk and director of the Castleton schools. In religious life he is a member of the Methodist Protestant church, and in society affairs, W. C. T. of the Good Templars of Castleton.

Hnmplinnj and S. G. Avery, two old settlers of Stark county, are the sons of Colonel Miles Aver}', who was the son of Cyrus, son of Solomon, son of Humphre}^, son of Humphre\', son of Samuel, son of James, son of James,' who Avas the son of Christopher Avery, who came from England in the seventeeth century and settled at Gloucester, Mass. He was a selectman there between 1646 and 1654. In lt>65 he moved to New London, Conn. ; bought the home lot of Robert Burrows; was made freeman in 1669; died and was buried March 12, 1679. His only child, James, born in 1620, in England, was married in England, November 10, 1643, to Joanna Grumedade, and to them nine children were born, their second child being James Avery whose father settled at New London prior to the settlement of Christopher there; was chosen selectman in 1660, and held the office twenty-three years. He was an ensign, lieutenant, and ca|)tain of the only armed company in the town ; served in and commanded a troop of Pequots during King Philip's war; was at the fort light in 1675, and stormed the fort at the head of his command ; for twelve years he was deputy to the grand court ; was in the commission of the peace from 1658 to 168 and was assistant judge of the county court. He moved to Pequonoc, next to New London, and thence to Groton, where he died at an old age.

Elizahdh (Smith) Avery, daughter of Jonathan Smith, who moved from Connecticut to Plymouth, Luzerne county, Pa., op]3osite the Shawnee flats. A company, with his brother, were captured by the Indians near the Nanticoke dam. His brother, being lame, was killed and scalped before his eyes, while he was bound out to a squaw, to fill the place of a lost son. He was finally ransomed by a British officer, and settled on 560 acres two miles south of the confluence of the Tunkhannock and Susquehanna on the east bank of the latter. Here his eight children were born, namelv: William, born March 19, 1788; Elizabeth, Februarv 17, 1790: Susanna, September 22, 1791; Zura, December 15, 1795*^; Ziba, Januarv 12, 1798 ; Pollv, November 24, 1799 ; Whitney, July 14, 1804, and Asher M., October 28, 1807. Whitney and Asher were pioneers of this county, as noticed in the chapter on Toulon.

Miles Avery was born December 28, 1791, at Tunkliannock, Pa. He was the eldest son of Cyrus Aveiy, who came from Norwich, Conn., to Pennsylvania about 1T90, and Ihere married Lydia Marcy, a daughter of Colonel Zebulon Marcy, whose father came from Dover, Dutchess county. X. Y., as early as ITTO, with the Connecticut colony, and is said to have Iniilt the first cabin at Pittston, neai" Old Forge, in 1TT2. This claim he sold to Ebenezer, his brother, who came the same year to Tunkliannock, and aided in organizing Putnam township and allottino- it to the Connecticut settlers. Zebulon raised here a family of eight children, all of whom became prominent. Prior to the Wyoming massacre he moved his family to Forty Fort, and there his daughter Sarah, who married John McCord, was l)oi'n June 1, 17TS, nine days l)efore tlie slaughter of the settlers by the liritish and Indians. After this event the familv returned to Dutchess countv. X. v., using a cow as a beast of burden, as well as a milk-giver during the journey. A few days before the massacre, while Marcy and a few others were scouting for British or Indians, an English Tory's wife discovered them, and called to her husband, "Shoot, Adam, shoot ! " That worthy tired and struck a tobacco box in Marcy's pocket, which box is now in Porter Marcy's familv at Tunkhannock. The return fire wounded Adam, and he died soon after. As soon as safety was insured Zebulon returned and settled on the farm where Porter Marcy resides, and resided thereuntil his death, Septem])er 2-, '34. After the marriage of Cyrus Avery and Lydia Marcy they settled on 500 acres at the confluence of the Tunkhannock and Susquehanna, on the south and east sides of the respective rivers: and later inclosed " Avery Mountain " On this farm all their children Avere born - ]\Iiles, December 28, 1791 ; Zebulon, May 12, 1793; Zebulon (second), July 7, 1794; Solomon, July 28, 1796; Nicholas, September 19, 1797; Jerusha, December 3, 1798; Sally, February 5, 1801; Cyrus IL, November 14, '05 ; Humphrey, November 14, 'Oo ; Lydia, March 5, '08 ; Abel M., July 29, '11; Punderson, July 31, '14, and Joseph C, June 9, '17. Miles Averv married Elizabeth, daughter of Jonathan Smith, Julv 26, '12. lie died April 28, '48, and his wife followed him May 16, '49. both being l)uried in Cyrus Avery's cemetery at Tunkhannock. After their marriage they bought of Jose])h and Samuel Dailey 190 acres in Falls township, Wyoming countv, Pa., six miles south of the mouth of the Tunkhannock on the east side of the Susquehanna, where their twelve childreri were raised, lie was a farmer, but speculated in lumber, work cattle and real estate, at one time owning over 5,000 acres in the county and also a saw mill and foundr}^ at La Grange. At the age of sixteen he joined a militai'v company, and held every office from cor])oral to bi'igade inspector, the latter for seven years ; was commissioned justice of peace l)y Governor llitner and served twelve years, and was generall}^ known as " Colonel " or "'Squire'* Avery. The children of Miles Avery are named as follows: Lydia Ann, born May 1, '13; Ziporah, October 28, '14, died at Neponset, 111.; Solomon, September 8, '16, died April 6, '39 ; Esther, May 17. '18, died Jul}^ 30, '83, at South Eaton, Pa.; Major Cyrus, March 8, '21 ; Miles, June 3, '23, died October 10, '84 ; Humphrey, July 4, '25, a resident of Penn

" lhuii]^)hrey Avery, fourth son of Col. Miles and Elizabeth (Smith) Avery, was born July 4, '25, in Wyoming county, Pa.; received his primary education there and completed his studies at Madison Academy, Abingdon Centre, Luzerne county. Pa. After his father's failnre in "43, Mr. Avery w^as thrown upon his own resources. At this time he was afflicted with the old-fashioned ague, which kept his purse down at low water-mark. He followed the fortunes of the ^K^orth Branch Canal - rnnninii' through Wilkesbai'i'e and Pittston for several months, at the same time that the late president Garfield is said to have worked on it. Subsequently he was employed in Boukley & Prices' coal mine, and about this time received, by some accident, the first $100 he ever called his own. He was boarding at Pittston, and found on the street a purse containing over $5,000 in cash and notes. Searching for the owner, he found him in the person of George F. Knapp, of Carbondale, who pressed the $100 on the delighted young A very. Mr. Knapp's mother proved to be an old friend of Col. Miles Avery, and insisted on a promise from the voung man that he would invest the monev in lands on which to make a home for himself. This promise was made and carried out. Mr. Avery purchased at sheriff's sale one hundred acres in his own county for ninety-one dollars, which he sold at a profit, and that $100 and tlie pi'ofits arising from its original investment, are in the pleasant home and farm which he owns toda}'^ in Stark count3^ On April 27, '54, Mr. Avery arrived at Toulon with $530 in gold. For the first year he made his home with his brother, Samuel G. Avery, who had come hither five years prior to '54. In the fall of '54 he purchased forty acres of land in Osceola township, and in '56 he bought the east one-half of the northeast quarter of section seven, in Penn township. On August 8, '58, he married Miss Emma J., daughter of Chauncey W. and Eliza E. (Wheeler) Davison, both of whom are noticed in other pages. After this marriage Mr. Avery commenced the improvement of his farm in Penn township, engaging in agriculture and stock-growing, was elected constable the same j^ear, which office he held for two years, when he resigned and went westward, in company with thirty men and thirteen teams, to the Rockv Mountains for his health. At Denver the company dis])ersed, Mr. Avery and a few others going to California Gulch, on the present site of Leadville, where they passed six months. On returning to Stark county he resumed farming, in '68 purchased 115 acres in section one, Toulon township, which is said to be undei'laid by a vein of fine coal four and a half feet in depth. In '86 he sunk a double shaft to this vein, which is fifty-two feet below the surface, and introduced machinery of a capacit}' of 1,000 bushels per day. In '70 he ])urchased a store-building and lot at Castleton, and in '76 a lot adjoining. The former he rentetl out until '78, when he established his mercantile house there. This he carried on for three years in connection with his farm. During this time he served as justice of the peace. In '82 he sold his business interests at Castleton to Ackley & Loper, and has since devoted his attention to agriculture and coal- mining. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Avery are named as follows : Clinton, born December 5, '59 ; Etta May, May 7, '62 ; Sherman, May 25, '64, died May 0, '65; Milo, April 80, '68; Yiola Virginia, July 9, '72; Lorance, December 21, '74, and Myron, August 7, '79, died September 9, '80. The eldest daughter, Etta May, married Daniel Bolt, of Castleton, January 5, '88, and is now a resident of Wyoming, 111.

Scmiuel Gates Ave/'t/, fifth son of Col. Miles Avery, was born in Falls township, Wyoming county. Pa., May 3, '29, completed his education at Madison academy, Luzerne county. Pa.; in '49 came to Stark county and soon after purchased the southeast quarter of section five, Penn township. As stated in tlie marriage record he married Miss Marrietta Day, October 23, '51. This lady was born at Niles, Mich., January 9, '31. Mr. Avery served as supervisor of Penn township, has been connected with the County Agricultural Society since its organization, and was for several years marshal of that society. In '68 he moved to Lamar. Barton county. Mo., where he is now extensively engaged in agi'iculture. His children are Alivilda, born July 20, '52, nowMrs. W. L. Mack; Udella, born January 31, '54, now Mrs. George T. Parry; Gates, born December 12, '55, married Mary Hazelette, all of Lamar, Mo.; Jerome, born August 21, '57, married Ellen Little, who died soon after marriage, and for second wife, Rosa Pringle ; George, born July 29, '60, married Emma Webb, of Lamar, Mo.; Minnie II., born September 5, '62; Lillie G., who married Ernest A. Reed, November 1, '82, at Carthage, Mo., a son of I. C. and Luna A. Reed, born at Toulon, October 26, '59, as noted in other pages; Bertrand, born July 1, '67; Beatrice, born July 14, '69, and Tallyrand, born July 30, '73.

Joseph C. A'viery, brother of Zebulon and Col. Miles Avery, born June 9, '17, came from Tunkhannock, Pa., to Stark county, 111., in '39, and here married JMai'tha Marsh, a half-sister of the late Mrs. James IIolgate, with whom she came to this part of Illinois, as stated in the general history. Here Mr. Avery purchased the east half of the southwest quarter of section five, Penn township, budt a house and barn, then considered among the best improvements in the townshi]), and a few years later, in '45, moved be3'ond the mountains to Oregon, where he died at Corvallis, November 18, '78. He was a surveyor and was engaged in this work here during his short stay in the county.

RuheH MrBococl' (deceased), was born in Ohio, Deceml)er 19, '25, where his parents - Elijah and Barbara (McKenny) Bocock then resided. He moved with his parents to Illinois in '37, as rela.ted in their history (given in this chapter), and resided with them until '48, when he mari'ied Miss Elizabeth R., daughter of John J. and Abigail (Mitchell) Culton, natives of A'irginia and Indiana, respectively, and both of a long line of Irish-American ancestors. Robert learned the cooper's trade in Fulton county, which he followed for three years after his marriage. He was engaged in agriculture in Fulton county. 111., until '54, when he came to this township and purchased eighty acres, devoting it to grain farming and stock-growing. Lender his wise supervision and industry it grew into a large estate of 950 acres, thus providing fully for his large family and leaving them at his death, on January 19, '86, all that wealth and an intelligent example of industry and integrity should bring. Of the ten children l)oi'n to Mr. and Mrs. McBocock, six are living, namely: Thomas J., William C, Abigail J., widow of Jefferson Francis, Sarali M., wife of Frederick Deitwig, James S., and Alva E., all residents of the township where their father settled in '54, and where tliey grew to manhood and womanhood. The father of this large family was, in political life, an unconditional Republican. For sixteen years he held the office of justice of the peace, and for thirteen years, successively, a member of the supervisor's board. From '01 to ^66 he was a member of the Union League, and by his wisdom and ])rudence aided in averting mob law and in subduing the devices of unthinking men, who would ijlacken a ])roud record by resort to ca})ital punishment for mere sympath}" with the rebellion. Though unconnected with any religious body, he was a friend to all Christian forms, and in his life was sti-ictly moral. His widow, Mrs. Elizabeth McBocock, resides on the homestead, and like her husband, is possessed of those qualities which win success and esteem.

Elijah Bocock, a native of Virginia, moved to Highland county, O., with his parents in his youth. On July 18, '22, he married Miss Barbara McKinney, whose ])arents came from Ireland early in tiie history of this country. To this marriao-e were born seven children, namely : Hannah i\[., who married Salem Fouts, now of Kansas ; Mary C, who died in infancy; Rol)ert Mclv., who died January 19, '86; Anna, who died aged t^vo years; Cyrus, and Ts'ancy, who maj'ried Levi Fouts, who reside m this county, and Daniel McK.,"Avho died at the age of twelve years. The pai-ents and family emigrated in the year '37 from Ohio to the wilds of Fulton county, this state ; bought land and resumed farming, remaining there until '(5-1. when they moved to Marshall couiit_y, this state. In '79 tlie good mother was called to rest at the age of eighty-two yeai's. The father then went into fStark county and took up his home with his son Robert, where he resided some three years, then moved aiul jnade liis home with his son Cyrus, until March, '85, when at the age of eighty-seven years he was called to join his faithful consort who had pi'eceded him to that land of blissful rest.

Cyrus BococJi was born in Highland county, O., October 5, '32, and in '37 moved with his pai-ents to Fulton county, this state ; was educated there, leceiving only a common country school education ; working on the farm dui-ing the summer and attending school during the winter. In '57 lie married Eleanor M., daughter of Dougan and Sarah (Hutchison) Fouts, and granddaughter of Jacob and Eleanor Fouts of North Carolina. In ''QC) he moved to Penn township. Stark county, })urchased land on section 13, I'ented this and engaged in mercantile business exclusively for six years, when he resumed his agricultural j)in'suits, but still retaining his store interest until March. "86, when he (lis})osed of that interest entirel_y, devoting his entire time to farming and stock-rMising. In ]>olitics, he, since its oi'ganization, has been a staunch Bepul)lican, and dui'ing the late war was an active member of the Union League. For four years was a member of the l)oard of snpei'visors of Fulton county. In '67 was made a memlier of the board of supervisors of Stark county, serving in that ca})acity for five years in succession. In '72 was elected to the lower house of the state legislature, serving there two years ; has filled many to\Ynsliip offices, assessor, road commissioner, school trustee, and at present is a member of the County and Congressional Republican ( 'enti'al Committees ; is a great lover of his townsliip and county and their institutions, bound to them l)y numy ties. In social mattei's always ready to assist. Is a Mason and one of the charter members of the Bradford Lodge of I. O. O. F. Has a family of seven childi'en, namely : Charles W., who married Miss Laura Markland ; Francis M., who married Miss Anna Mahler ; Robert L., Emma L., Sarah A., Cyrus O., and Clarence E., who reside at home. Is not a member of any cliurch ])ut is ever reach' to give a hearty suj^port to all.

Thomas J. Hocock, boru in Fidton coiintv. 111.. July 13, '50. is the son of Robert ]\Ic. and Elizabeth (Culton) Bocock. whose history is given in this chapter. Mr. Bocock received a very liberal education in the district schools and at the Xormal University, Bloomington, 111. In '51 he accompanied his ])arents to this county, resided at home until of age and in '73 married Miss Frances, daugliter of John W. and Ui'y (Bird) Proctor, natives of Illinois and Kentuck\^, respectively, her, maternal grand])arents being Virginians. During the year '73-'l, j\Ir. Bocock eno-aoed in farmino- here, moved to Marshall countv in 71, resided there for two years, when he purchased eighty acres on section 33, Penn, where he has resided up to the [)resent time, coujJing with his farm and stock growing interests the operation of farm machinery. During the winter of '80-7 formed partnership with W. Scott & Co. in buving and shipping of stock. Mr. and Mrs. Bocock are the parents of four children : Cora Lstella, born December 19, '75, died October 31, '78; Otis Lester born September 8, '79; Floyd G., Deceml)er 8, '81 ; Fatima, born May 31, '85. (Cora and Otis are known by middle names). Politically, Republican. He has taken much interest in all affairs relating to his township. For nine years he has served as school director and is serving as road commissioner in sixth year, is a stockholder in the Stai'k CJounty Central Agricultural Society and has held important offices in that body, while in society matters is a member of A. F. and A. ]\I. Lodge, No. 179, Wyoming, 111. While thoroughlj^ Christian like, he is not bound by any denomination, his name mav be found many times among the su|)])orters of all our churches and benevolent societies.

William Combs Bococ/i, born in Fulton count \', III., May 1. 1851, is the son of Robert Mc. and Elizabeth (Culton) Bocock, andgmndson of Elijah and Barbara (McKinney) Bocock, natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, respectively, and on the maternal side of John J. antl Abigail (Mitchell) Culton, of Virginia and Indiana, respectively, of Irish ancestry. Robert Bocock came to this township in '51. Here William C. was educated and here resided on the homestead until January, '79, when he married Miss Maria A. Holmes, daughter ol Edwin and SaUna (Savill) Holmes, natives of Engiand, aiul granddaughter of Eli and Maria (Baily) Holmes, also natives of England. For two years after his marriage he was engaged in fai'ming on land rented from his father; but in '81 he purchased eighty acres on section 15. on which he took up his residence, and has since matle his home. Mr. Bocock has added to his ao-ricultural duty that of stock-growing and dealing in stock of all kinds in whicli liis father was extensively engaged up to his death. In political life he is tlioroughly Ilepublican, in cliurch matters, Christian, but not denominational. Though a you,ng man he has tilled several township offices creditably, and is now director of the Castleton graded school district.

John Bentley Brown, deceased, was born in Augusta county, Va. in 180(). AVhen of age he married Miss Betsy, daughter of Thomas and Jane Johnson, all natives of Virginia, and in '37 migrated westward with his family, settling in Peoria county. 111., near what is now known as Edwards Station. In '53 he removed to Wvoming, engaged in mercantile business and so continued in trade until his death, May 23, '80. His widow died there June 30, '81. Of their eight chiklren, five are living: C. W., of Penn, the senior; John M., whose history a p- ])ears in the chapter on Toulon, Newton G., married, residing in Allen county, Kan., Martha, wife of C. G. Colburn of Wyoming, and Isabella, a teacher in the public schools. John.B. Brown was recognized as a man of zeal and earnestness in religious, temperance and political affairs, was a stauncli member of the M. E. Church for fifty years preceding his death.

Craiimer W. Broton, born in Hampshire county, Ya., July 31, 1S31, is the eldest son of John Bentley Brown who settled in Peoria county in '37, and came to Stark county in 1853. He shared all his father's travels and pioneer laboi's in Peoria county and Wyoming, and in the latter ]:)lace was connected with his father's business for some years - thus obtaining a very practical education in the school, on the farm, antl in the store. In November, '5(! he married Miss Ehzabeth C, dangliter of James E. and Elizabeth Henderson, natives of Pennsylvania, but pioneers of Tazewell county. 111., where Mrs. Brown was born March 5, '3<). In 'Bl he engaged in agricultural Avork, south of Wyoming, and in August, '<)2, enlisted in Company E, Gne-hundred-and-twelfth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, was chosen first lieutenant and made the record credited to him in the military chapter of this work. On the close of the War, he purchased a farm on section 14, Penn township, and has since been prominent in adding' to the livestock and agricultural wealth of the connty. In |)olitics he is Republican, and in religion a supporter of the Methodist Church of which Mrs. Brown is a member. In public afftiirs he has always manifested and felt a deep interest in advancing whatever ap])eared to l)e for the best interests of the people, has re]ieatedly been called upon to hll offices of ])ublic trust and responsibility, and has always performed the duties of such offices with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. Of his three children, William is nuirried and a resident of Nebraska ; James, unmairied, and George, married, are farmers of this townslii}).

Erasttis Brown and his wife, Amanda (Stafford) Brown, natives of Vermont, removed in 1813 to DeKalb county. 111., where they remained only a short time, when they removed to Peoria county. There Mr. Brown purcliased a farm and began its improvement; there Mrs. Brown j^assed to her last sleep. About a year later Mr.

Brown married Miss McCiimpse}"; i aimed iatel}^ after came to Stark count}^ and settled in Toulon township, but after a few years removed to Lafayette, Avhere he died, October 18. 1870, being- then in his seventy-fourth year. He was a soldier of the war of 1812.

Harlow Broioi, son of Erastus Brown, was born in Vermont, in 1821, remained with his parents until he was twenty years of age, when he came to Peoria, where he was engaged in various occupations for seven years. On August 1, 1847, he married Hari-iet Stoffer, a daughter of Jacob and Maiw (Tyson) Stoffer. who was born October 6, 1826. Her parents were natives of Pennsylvania, who settled in Ohio, and in 1844 settled in Peoria county, 111. Some years later they came to Stark county, where her mother died in 1S85, being then eighty-nine years of age, thus surviving her husband some years. About a year after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Brown came to Penn township, where they ])urcha.sed land and began its improvement, amid all the privations of pioneer life. Their union has been blessed by twelve children, seven of wliom are still living : Effie J. (deceased) ; Amanda P., now Mrs. William Cross, of Kansas; Nellie J., now Mrs. Edwin Snare, of A^alley township ; Eliza, now Mrs. N. Foster, of Osceola; Sherman (deceased); Samuel (deceased); Lemuel (deceased); Emma C. (deceased); Dora E., now Mrs. E. Pettit, of Penn township; H. B., now engaged in the hardware trade in Castleton, 111.; Franklin W., and Herbert D. Politically, Mr. Brown is a Republican, having voted that ticket since the Buchanan campaign. He now owns 040 acres of the choicest lands in Stark county, the greater part being in Penn township, on which is situated his large pleasant residence. Mrs. Brown has been an invalid for the last five years. In speal^ing of pioneer life, Mr. and Mrs. Brown relate many events, among others being kept awake by the howling of the wolves, which surrounded the cabin as soon as dark came on. Their cabin was 12x12, and on one occasion Mrs. Brown held a ''quilting," and, on account of lack of room in the house, tliey quilted out doors, with no cover but a small shed.

Benjamin B. Bimnell, son of John Bunnell, was born in Pike county. Pa., 1811. His early life was spent with his parents, assisting in the duties of the farm, or attending school. On January 7, 1833, he married Miss S. A. Little, a daughter of Robert and Elizabeth (Armstrong) Little. Her parents were natives of New Jersey, where she was born in 1811. The ])aternal grandparents of James A. and Robert E. were John Bunnell, born August 13, 1790, wlio died August 11, 1872 and Marv Place, born September 7, 1793, who died November 3, 1851, Benjamin being one of a family of fourteen children, twelve of whom reached manhood and womanhood. After this marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Bunnell l)egan farming in Pennsylvania, which occupation they followed twenty years. In 1854, he sold his farm, and with his family removed to Illinois, purchased a section in Penn to^vnship, and there resided until 1864, when he went to Nashville, Tenn., to nurse his son John, who was lying in the hospital, and who never recovered. Returning, he sold his farm to his son Robert, and removed to Neponset, 111., where he resided ten years; then returned to Penn township, making their home with their son. Here Mrs. Bunnell died August 16, 1876. Mr. Bunnell is still living, and, at present writing, although now in his seventy-sixth year, is rpiite active. The first record of the ancestors comes from London, Eng., coming to America about the year 1600. Mr. Bunnell is an uncle of Senator F. C. Bunnell, of Pennsylvania. He is the father of six cliildren, four of whom are still living: -Tames A., now of Penn townslii]i; Inis M., now Mrs. J. S. Moffit, of Nebraska; John H., who died of his wounds at Nashville; Pobert E., of Penn township; Mary (deceased); and Amanda E., now Mrs. G. M. Wright, of this township.

James A. Bunnell, son of Benjamin and S. A. (Little) Bunnell, was born in Pennsylvania in 183-]-. He passed his youth at the home of his parents. In his fifteenth year he entered Wyoming Seminary, studying there about three years, when he returned to his home and began teaching in the public schools. This profession he followed several years. In liis twenty-sixth year he married Miss N. Irene Chamberlin, a daughter of John F. nnd Susan (Terry) Ghamljerlin, who was born in Bradford county. Pa., in 1888, where she was married September 25, 1860. Her parents were natives of Pennsylvania, where her mother still resides, her father having died in 1881 in his sixty -sixth year. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Bunnell returned to Illinois and settled on an unimproved quarter on section 17, Penn township, on which he had previously built a house which, on account of its height, was the Avonder of the country, ])eople coming from far and near to see the building, and all prophesied that it would surely blow away. It still remains and is today one of the finest farm residences in Stark county. Four children have blessed their union, three of whom are living: Ida M., Susie E., Jennie A., and Pena C. (deceased). Mrs. Bunnell is a member of the M. E. church and is interested in all works of benevolence. Mr. Bunnell has never voted any but the Republican ticket, and lias held several of the township offices. He has been a hard wor-ker, and as the result of labor, now owns 500 acres of the choicest lands in Penn township, aljout one and one-fourth mile from Castleton. In connection with his large farm is his stockgrowing establishment, which like the farm, is fully equipped and well managed.

JRohert E. Bunnell, son of Benjamin and Sally Ann (Little) Bunnell, was born in Wyoming county. Pa., September 25, 1839, and is the fourth child of a family of six children. In his fifteenth year he entered the Wyoming Academy, remained there a short time, when he returned to his home. In his twenty-seventh year he purchased the farm of his father and assumed control at once. Four years later, September 15, 1870, he married iMiss Matilda H. Jackson, a daughter of George W. and Harriet (Jackson) Jackson, who was born June 15, 1817. Her jiarents were natives of Pennsylvania, who removed to Illinois. Here her mother died in 1819. Mr. Jackson liaving married again, the family settled at Clayton, Adams county, where her father engaged as superintendent of the foundry, and was also a ])reacher. He is the inventor and patentee of the "' Jackson " scales. In 1861 he organized Company A, of the One-hundred-and-forty -first

Regiment, Penns34vania Volunteers, und was elected Captain. In a shoj't time, on account of failing health, he was compelled to return home. In 1870 the family removed to Burlington, Iowa, where he engaged in the manufacture of his scales. Two years hiter Mr. Jaclcson died, his widow being now" a resident of Peoria. Mrs. Bunnell, until her marriage, had been engaged in teaching in the graded schools. Since marriage Mr. and Mrs. Bunnell have resided in Penn township, where live children have been born to them, namely : Nellie E., John C, Beulah C, Fred. J. and Bernice M. Mr. ]3unnell now owns 1,240 acres of the choicest lands in Penn township, on which is situate one of the finest farm residences in Stark county. He also owns a large amount of real estate in I^ebraska. Mr. Bunnell has always been a Republican. His wife is a member of the M. E. churcii.

Daniel Goghlan, born in Brown county, Ohio, in 1811, came to Illinois in pioneer times, and to the Snareville neighborhood about 1858, died there in October, 1879.

Samuel Cnnii, born in Huntingdon county. Pa., April 6, 1825, is the son of Frederic and Catherine (Snare) Crum, both Pennsylvanians ; the former born in 1791:, was the son of a German settler, the latter, daughter of a German settler also. To them nine children were born, eight of whom are still living, namely : Samuel, of Penn township; Daniel, of Huntingdon county. Pa. ; Nancy, wife of Byron Haack, of that county ; Ellen, Mrs. Josej^h T. Fisher, of Johnson county. Mo.; Reuben II., a resident of Pennsylvania ; Margaret, Mrs. John Clark, of Huntingdon county, Pa.; George W., also residing there, and Ann, Mrs. Jolm C. Lvtle, residing in tliat countv. The father tlied there in 1870, and the mother in 1877. Both were of the Pennsylvania agricultural class. Samuel Crum in early years was a woodchop})er, sclioolboy, miller and farmer - about all a pioneer boy could be. In 1818 lie married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Henrv and Margaret (Wise) Hess, and paternal granddaughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Zimmerman) Hess, Germans, Jacob being born in 1781. died in 1869, and Elizabeth, born in 1789, died in 1859. Her mother was born in 1768, died Aju'il 8, 1857, and her father, Henry, born in 1758, died January 27, 1837. After Mr. Crum's marriage he became a farmer, came to this township in 1859, engaged m grain and stock-growing, pui'chased eighty acres on section 20 in 1869, came to reside on it in 1873, added eighty acres on section 17, erected a fine farm-house, and has resided here down to the ])resent time. Their chikb'en are : Margaret, wife of R. S. Snare ; Winfield B., married, residing in this township, and John W., a druggist at Castleton. Mr. Crum and his two sons control 263 acres here. He has served as supervisor one year, assessor three years, school director and in minor offices. Both he and wife are members of the Snareville Methodist church. W. B. Crum is the genial clerk of the township school board, and like his father, one of the most ])opular men in the township. The farms and homes which this family made here are the results of tlieir own labors since 1859.. Their reputation rests on industry and integrity.

(Stark) Davison. He moved with liis parents to Lorain county, Ohio, in 1834, where he married Miss Wheeler, in 1840. In 1851 they moved to Stark county. 111., and thence in February. 1875, to Wayne county, Iowa, where they now reside. Archibald Wheeler, born in England, in 1800, emigrated to St. Lawrence county, X. Y., where he married l^arcissus Gardner, a native of that county, of Scotch descent. She was living fifteen miles south of Ogdensburg when that settlement was burned by the British in 1812. Wheeler and family moved to Lorain county. Ohio, in 1834, cleared 100 acres, and lived in the log cabin he then built until 1850, when a dwelling house was erected in Avhich they resided until their death a few vears ago.

George I). Eagelston, son of William and Emeline S. (Fargo) Eagelston, was born in Kickapoo township, Peoria county, April 26, 1849. His father was a native of Alliany, X. Y., and mother of Ashtabula, O., as related in the historv of the Eao-elston faniilv of Wvomino-. In 1852 the family moved from Peoria county to Stark county, and here George D. received his early education, and completed a course of study at Cole's Business College, Peoria, in 1872-3. From this per od until the spring of 1874 he was engaged in the cattle trade in Texas. On returnino- he beo-an farmlno- and dealing in horses, makinir a shiDuient of horses to the eastern market durino- the season of 1874. Since that time he has been engaged in stock-growing and agriculture here. On September 10, 1874, his marriage with Miss Phoebe A., daughter of James and Parmelia (Eustis) Woods, was celebrated. Her parents were natives of Ohio antl Indiana, resj)ectiveh% and her paternal grandparents, Jeremiah and Margaret (Wooster) Woods, were natives of Ohio. To this marriage four children were born : James W., Mav 20. 1S75; Harrv H., Februarv 8. 1877; Ilenrv M., Februarv 21, 1878. and George W.,' March 1, 1881. In 1874 Mr.' Eagelston purchased eighty acres on section 22, which he sold in 1878, and pur chased ninety-three acres on section 5. In politics he was Eepublican up to 1878. when the Goddess of Greenbackism won his affections. For four years lie has served as school director, is at present clerk of the board and hio-jiwav commissioner. In ]\[asonic circles he belono-s to the Blue Lodge, Chapter, Council and Eastern Star, as related in the historv of Wvoming. In religious thought he is Christian, but not a member of any particular sect.

Mary FeiriveU, born at Dublin, X. II., in 1795, died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Gleason, near Castleton, March 9, 1886. Her husband died in Xew Hampshire in 1856.

James W. Fleming, son of Samuel C. and Rebecca (Bonsall) Fleming, both natives of Pennsylvania, was born in Clearfield count}', there, July 21, 1842, received his education in that county and in Ohio, where he settled with his father in 1854, and subsequently in Elmira township, of this county. Avliere the family settled in 1855. On September 9, 1869, he married Miss Clara E., daughter of James and Xancy (Akerly) Griffin, both natives of Xew York, of which state their parents were also natives. James W. purchased 160 acres on section 13, in Toulon township in 1872, removed the same year to Castleton and engaged in the grain trade, a business he has followed to the pres- ent time. He has also given attention to agricultiu'e and stock-growing during these j^ears. In political and religious affairs he has always been liberal and tolerant, giving his support to what ai)])ears to him just rather than following party or sect lines. In society matters he is a member of the Blue Lodge at Toulon. The two children born to Mr. antl Mi's. Fleming: Everett J., born February T, IST-i, and Gertrude M., January 22, 1877, are pupils in the Castleton schools.

Z&vi Fonts, l)orn in Wayne county, Ind., June 2, 1827, is the son of Jacob and Eleimor (Dougan) Fonts, both natives of North Carolina and of German descent. In I80I the family moved to Fulton county, 111., near Canton, where Jacob died October 9, 1874, after fort3^-three years of agricultural life in that county. His wife died November I7, 1858. Of their eleven children seven are living : Jacob, a widower ; Salem, at the head of a family, both residing in Kansas, near Ottawa ; Elizabeth, in Fulton county, near Cantpn ; Levi and Lewis in this count\^, near Bradford ; Francis, near Sedan, Kan., and Malcom, near Canton, 111., on the old liome place. Levi Fonts married, in 1851, Miss Nancy, daughter of Elijah and Barbara (McKinney) Bocock, of Virginia and Pennsylvania, respectively. To tliem six children were born, namely : Barbara Eleanor, wife of Simeon Bell; residing near Keota, Iowa ; Alice Jane, wife of John S. Koof, near Viola, 111.; Jacob C, married Margaret Ann Eagelston, residing near C^amp Grove ; Hannah JMaria, wife of John Mahler, near Camp Grove ; Elijah A. and Cyrus E. are at home. In 1854 Mr. Fonts sold his eighty -acre farm in Fulton county and coming here purchased 100 acres on section 13, to which he has added 220 acres. For thirty-three years he has been engaged in agriculture and stock-growing here with marked success. In political life he was a Republican, but has changed to an earnest Greenl)acker. In church affaii's he is undenominational but a supporter of all Christian societies.

Zura Fuller, son of Chauncy D. and Lydia (Avery) Fuller, was born in Toulon township. Stark county, December 21, 1851, as related in the history of the Fuller family of Toulon. He received a liberal education in the schools here, at the commercial college, Davenport, Iowa, and at Peoria, com])leting at the latter place, and returning, engaged in mercantile work at Modena. After some short time he moved to Texas, engaged in the cattle trade and became one of the most popular "cow-boys" in that state. "With the honors of one season's Texan life he returned to his native county, and was engaged in mercantile business at Modena until March, 1886, when he purchased the business interests of Cyrus Bocock at Castleton, where he is now residing. His marriage with Miss Fannie M. Clark was celebrated September 16, 1886. This lady is a daughter of William F. and Diana Clark, of Pennsylvania. She came to Modena in 1883, took a position in a mercantile house there until 1885, when she returned to her Pennsylvania home, but in 1886 returned and married Mr, Fuller. In religion Mr. Fuller is a member of the M. P. church, in society affairs belongs to the Masonic Lodge ; was director of the Modena district schools for some time, and always a quiet but earnest supporter of whatever enterprise promised public benefit. A letter from C. D. Fuller, El Dorado

Springs, Mo., dated October 10, 1880, in reply to request for information regarding this famil}^, gives the following particulars : " Father was born in West Stockl)ridge, INfass., in the year, 1787; his father moved to Pennsylvania when father was (piite 3^oung. Mother was born in Genesee Valley, N. Y. I have not the year of her birth. I w^as born in Luzerne, now Wyoming county, Pa., May 5, 1817. The family came to Illinois in 1836, and settled in what is now Stark county. That is as far l)ack as I can trace my ancestors. My father was a medical doctor, but uufortunately. we never had any preachers or lawyers among the old stock, that I know of."

Benjcunin F. Gharrett,, born in Huntingdon county, Pa., Se])tember 1, 1832,' is the son of Henry and Kancy (Kurfinan) Gharrett, who are referred to in other places. Mr. Gharrett came with his stepfather to this county in 1847, received a liberal education at Henry in this state, and in February, 1858, married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of James and JSTancy (Akei-lyj Griffin, of New Yoi'k State, and grand-daughter of Parant and Thena (Pelham) Griffin, and John and Elizabeth (Townsend) Ackerly. To Mr. B. F. Gharrett and wife, two children were born - Olive H., wife of Charles E. Jordan, of Red Cloud, Neb., and Jennie N., a school teacher of jModena, s})oken of in the chapter on education. In 1882, Mr. Gharrett ])urchased eighty acres on section 17, and in 1865 added a second eighty, all of which he rented in 1872, moved to Castleton, and engaged in the stock business, to which he subsequently added his interests in the elevator and grain business at Castleton. In 1878 he disposed of these interests, moved to Hastings, Neb., near which town he purchased 160 acres, liad it im])roved, and meantime enD'ai''ed in mercantile trade there. In 1880 he traded this store for 160 acres in Nebraska, and some property in this state, returned to Penn Towmshi]), ])urchased eighty acres on section 16, which he rents, while himself and family reside in Castleton, where he is also interested in real estate. Mr. Gharrett cast his first vote for Fillmore, was a member of the Union League, and has ever l)een a thorough-going Republican. In township matters he has been Justice of the Peace for several terms, a director of the Castleton graded schools for vears. and has tilled almost ever}^ township office. In religion he is undenomiiuitional.

George Green, born in Limerick county, Ireland, March 14, 1834, is a son of John and Elizabeth Green, natives of England and Germany, respectively. The latter while en route to America was shipwrecked and drifte(l on the Irish coast. There she met and married Mr. Green, who died in Ireland in 1833. Of their seven children only two are living - Mrs. rfominerville of Ohio, and George of this township. The widow and children came to America in 1837. settled in Muskingum county, Ohio, where the mother engaged in school teaching. In 1841 she married George Smith, and to them three children were born - William, deceased ; Henry T.. of Kansas, and Charles E., of Ohio. Mr. Smith died in 1849, aiid in 1853 she married Daniel Swiger, and resided with him in Ohio until her death in 1880.

Georg-e Green's earlier years were passed at school, later he worked in the coal mines for seven 3^ears, Avhen in '55 he moved to McLean county, 111., and engaged in 'farming. On March 1, '58, he married Miss Neta A. Brown, born in that county, August 19, '41, whose parents were natives of Tennessee and Indiana, respectively. In '84 the family moved to tliis to\vnshi]>, where Mr. Green purchased eighty acres'in section 28. Their four children are among the dead : Bennett, born March 24, '59, died September 12, '64 ; Alfred, born September 12, '60, died November 5, '73 ; "William O., born April 28, '62, died July 22, '63 ; and Lucy M., born December 6, '63, died February 25, '78. Mr. and Mrs. Green are members of the M. P. church of this township. In earlier years he was a Republican, but changed his political faith in favor of the Democracy. In addition to his property here he is the ow^ner of forty acres of land in McLean count}^ 111.

Andrew Harty^ born November 27, '33, in Tipperary county. Ireland, is the son of John and Sarah (O'Brien) Harty, and grandson of John and ]\Iary (McCormick) Harty, Avhose ancestors for generations were known in Ireland. On the mother's and grandmother's side the descent is clearly Milesian, while on the paternal side it is Pictish or Scotch. Tlie children of his grandparents were Dominic, who came to the United States and settled at New Orleans ; Andrew, Patrick and Julia, died in Ireland, Mary emigrated to Chicago ; John, father of Andrew, died in Ireland, December 18, ''Q'd. He was born in 1797, a year before the great rebellion, married in '23 to Miss Sarah O'Brien, who was Ixjrn in 1798. Of their eight children, John came to the United States in '50, died herein '79 ; Edward came in '48, died June 30, '76; Patrick died in Australia in '83; Andrew settled in Penn township ; Sarah, who married Patrick McGuire, came in '63, died here in '68; Dominic came in '67, married here, and is a resident of Penn; Michael came in '63, married here ami resides here. James died in Ireland in '48. Andrew Harty received a liberal education in his native parish, as the penal laws were relaxed a few years before liis birth. In '52 he came to J>altimore, INId., two years later came to Illinois, engaged as a farm hand in this townshi}>, and in '60 purchased eighty acres here, improving it the same year. On August 15, '62, he enlisted in Company F, One-hundred-and-twelfth Illinois A'olunteer Infantry, promoted corjwral and sergeant, and at Decatur, Ga.. was elected first lieutenant. He participated in all the battles credited to the regiment in the military clmpter, until honorably discharged at Greensboro, N. C, June 20, '65. While the regiment was at Raleigh, N. C, he visited Baltimore, there met Miss Sarah Marie Ryan, daugliterof William and Ann Rvan, of Tipperary County, Ireland, and this lady he married at Baltimore in September, '65. ^ Returning, be resumed work on his farm, purchased 160 acres additional, to which he has since added 320 acres in this township, and 200 in Marshal] County, or 820 acres devoted to grain, farming and stock-growing. In political life Mr. Harty is democratic ; in township affairs he has been school director for seventeen years ; is a charter member of Dickerson Post, G. A. R., and in religious life is a strict Catholic. Mrs. Harty, a lady distinguished for many excellent traits, died July 28, '86, in her forty-second year. Of their twelve cliildren five are living - Sarah A., Ada M., Mary E., Nora, Laura M., all residing at home. Mr. ITartj^'s whole life her-e, and the success attending it, is such a commentary on bis native country's government as any sane man can understand and appreciate. It is the victory of honest labor unchained by any species of tyrant.

James Ilolgate, deceased, was liorn at Pliiladeljihia, Pa., Julv 26, 1804, where his parents, Jacob and Elizabeth (Sheets) Holgate,' then resided. His gi'andfather came from England and carried on a fulling mill, which the son, Jacob, converted into a paper mill and finally into a cotton factory. His mother, Elizabeth, Vvas born in Pennsylvania, of German parents. In 1820 James Ilolgate moved to Luzerne countv, Pa., learned milling there, but turned his attention to woolen manufacture, and in 1829 estabhslied a store at Kingston. In April, 1827, he married Miss Sylvina Trux, of Trov, Luzerne county, Pa. In 1833 he sold his woolen mill and store, came to this county, and purchasing a claim of eighty acres, settled thi-ee miles northeast of Wyoming, in Penn township, and there resided until 1875, when he moved into the town. iFor eight years he was county judge ; for sixteen vears, assessor of Penn townshi]) ; served as justice of the peace, member of the legislature, and in other offices of trust. He voted for Jackson, in 1828, and continued Democratic to his death. Of his twelve children, ten are living. Jacob and Erastus are in Oregon ; Maria married Jolm Snare, of Penn township; Elizabeth married William P. Buswell, of Neponset ; Charles is in Washington territory ; Mary xVnn married Calvin Hart, of Nebraska; Harriet is the wife of E. Gharrett, of Montana; James is a physician at Castleton; William resides at Wyoming, and Reuben at Osceola. The mother of this family died in November, 1872, and the father has only just crossed the river which old time bridges.

Dr. James li. Ilolgate, son of James and Sylvina (Trux) Ilolgate, was born September 24, 1811. His early years were passed in attending school or assisting in tlie liome-farm woi-k ; but in ISOG lie abandoned the idea of agricultural life, and the same year became a student of Rush Medical College, Chicago, from which institution he graduated in Eebruaiw. 1869; the same year establislied his office at Castleton, and built up a reputation that is no disgrace to his family. On April 26, 1876, he married Miss Emma C, daughter of David and Harriet (Biglow) Stimpson, both natives of Canada, and granddaughter of Joseph and Nancy Stinij^son, natives of England, of Scotch ancestr^^ Harriet Biglow is the daughter of Abel and Amelia Biglow ; the former of Massachusetts, the latter of New IIam])shire, who settled in Canada. Mrs. Ilolgate, however, was born in Ragor, N. Y., to which state her parents moved from Canada. I)i'. Ilolgate and wife are the parents of five children, namely: Winser R., Leslie M.. Jane, Reha and Bliss B. In politics he is Republican ; in social matters, a member of the Masonic society and I. O. G. T.; and in religious matters, while conservatively christian, like his ])eople, is not a member of any one denomination, Init a supporter of all.

country. At the age of fifteen years he bound himself apprentice to Captain Jacob Gillis, of the ship " Queen," bound foi- Mobile, and served on the ocean until IVIareh, 1840, when he bid farewell to the sea at Xew Orleans, and Ijy April was ;it Canton, 111. There he engaged in mining for eight years. He married Miss ^alina, daughter of Abram and Ann Savill, all natives of England. In 1860 he purchased land in this county, on which they resided until August 12, 1862, when he enlisted in Com])any B, One-hundred-and-twelfth Illinois Infantry, and aided to make the recortl credited to that command as given in the military chapter, in which also his own military record is given. He was wounded at Clevelnnd, Tenn., made prisoner, hauled to Dalton, Ga., from Dalton to Cassville, thence to Atlanta in January, 1863, suffered all the horrors of rebel treatment there, and the even worse horrors of Anderson vdle, to which he was transferred in April. On Septeml>er 28th, the third re})ort of exchange of prisoners was circulated, and this time there was some foundation, for he, with others, was removed to Charleston ; but the rebel scourge was cruel. There the Union prisoners were kept under fire of the Union guns, and ultimately moved back into the country to experience the terrors of Florence. After fourteen months and twelve da3^s of the vilest treatment which men could inflict on a wounded and sick man, lie was released November 30, 18(14. The foily acres wliich he purchased in 1860 now claimed his attention. This tract he managed so well that he has since added sixty acres to it, and erected a substantial residence together with other buildings. In politics he is Bepublican ; in religion, non-denominational, but a suppoi'ter of christian churches ; in society affairs he is a member of James Jackson Post, G. A. R., and for three years past has served as Post Surgeon. In township affairs he has held several offices, and served as director of his school district. Of four children born to Mr. and Mrs. Holmes, three are living, namely : Maria A., Avife of W. C. Bocock ; Mrs. Walter Swetts, of Marshall county ; and Alfred E., residing at home. ( Vide military c/uipter.)

Leo Julg, son of Andi*ew and Rosanna Julg, l)oth natives of Baden, Germany, was born there March 30, 1835. In 1852 he came to the United States, landed at New Orleans, proceeded to Peoria, 111., and there learned the shoemakers trade. In 1856 he moved to Woodford county, farmed there one season, resumed his trade at Penola, in that count}^ whei'e he resided until 1850, when he returned to Peoria, woikexl there a few months, when lie moved to Minonk, 111., and establishing a shop remained there until August, 1862, when he enlisted in Company H, Seventy-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He with seven others were captured at Mansfield. La., and sharecl the terrible ordeal of life in rebel })risons foi* thirteen months and nineteen days, beino- exchanoed Mav 29, 18()5. There is one briglit memorv connected with his imprisonment. It was the celebration of Jul}' 4, 1864, by 3,500 Union men in prison. One of tliem read the Declaration, while another brought forth a Union ffag, fastened it to a pole, and raised it over the brush wakiup, which they built for shade. The prisoners cheered lustily, while the guards looked sullenly at the old flagas it floated above a rebel stronghold. In June, 1865, he was mustered out, hurried to Minonk to meet his wife - Miss Ernestina Happert, a native of Oldenburg, Germany, to whom he was married in 1S61 - and resided there until 1874, when he came to Castleton, where he has since followed his trade. In societ}" matters he is a member of James Jackson Post, G. A. K., and of the Odd Fellows' society. To Mr. and Mrs. Julg tAvo children were born, both of whom are numbered among the dead.

Michael Kitterman, born in Vii-ginia in 180U, came to Illinois in 1830 and squatted on the site of the Cyrus Brant home, built a cabin, returned to Indiana for his family, but on coming back found his claim jumped. He then located where he resided up to his death, in August, 1885.

Alexander Kissinger^ deceased, son of David and Mary (Marks) Kissinger, was born at Martinsburg, Pa., in 1821. His father was a native of Reading, Pa., but moved to Martinsburg in 1819, where he carried on a tailoring house until his death, in 1878, in his seventy -ninth year. His mother, like his father, was of German ancestry. Alexander Kissinger's youth was devoted to school and in learning the tailor's trade; again, he taught school near Martinsburg, and later engaged in the tailoring business there. On February 23, 1845, he married Miss Nancy, daughter of John P. and Esther (Baker) Snare, and two years after settled in this township, but in 1848 purchased property at Henry, Marshall county, 111., where he followed his trade and dealt in real estate for six years. Returning to this township, he purchased 160 acres on section 20; on which he resided some years, when he added eighty and moved thereon, where he made his home until his death, October 18, 1880. Of his twelve children, eleven are living: Luema, who married Robert Woods, deceased ; Charlotte, wife of William Holgate; Arthur S., residing in Osceola; Josephine A., Mrs. John Drawyer, of Osceola ; Frank ; Ella Y. ; James E. ; William A., all of this county ; Ida B., wife of Leslie Foster, of Osceola : Jennie L. ; Albert D., and Lena L. residing at home. Mr. Kissinger was a Democrat, Init in later years accepted the principles of Greenbackism. In church affairs he was undenominational yet very liberal, and in township matters always earnest, filling several offices as well as being identified with school interests liere. His widow resides on the old homestead with three of her daughters and two of her sons.

Thomas Leadley, who came to the United States in 1835 and to Illinois a few years later, moved to Iowa in 1852; died June 1, 1882, aged sixty-nine years. He came here to find his l>rother and sister. Tlie fornier died in 1878, the latter in the si)ring of 1882; not finding them he died himself, in Penn township.

McLaughlin''' died at Elm wood, September 21, 1886, aged eighty-three years, and was buried at Camp Grove. Her husband died nSir Castleton, some years ago, when she moved to Wyoming, and thence to Elmwood in 1883.

Virgil Pike, who died May 28, 1879; aged seventy-eight years, came from Pennsylvania in 1837 and located on what was afterwards the vilhige of Dorrance, Avhere lie resided until his removal to Bradford, shortly prior to his death.

Charles Henry Perkins, born at Ottawa, 111., August 4, 1851, is the son of William G. and Elizabeth (LNde) Perkins, both natives of Vermont, references to whom are made in this volume. Charles II. spent liis boyhood days assisting on his father's farm, attending school, or working in the Perkins coal mine at Osceola. In March, 1872, he visited California, remained one year there freigiiting and operating a threshing machine. Returning, he was married February 21, 1873, to Miss Mary J., daughter of Samuel and Julia A. (Drawyer) Brees, whose history appears in the chapter on Toulon towns]]i[). After this marriage, he engaged in agriculture, and during the winters carried on coal mining. From his boyhoo<l he has been engaged in operatingthreshing machines, and for the last five years has owned and operatecl a steam thresher, the first introduced into Penn township. To Mr. and Mrs. Perkins four childi-en Avere born : Sarah J., December 26, 1874; Lulu J., November 3, 1877; Effie E., July 28, 1882, and Henry C, the youngest. In politics he is decidedly Republican, and in religious affairs as decidedly tolerant. Physically, he is above the average man, and his powers of endurance and ability to work have suggested the new proverb, "T/e has done ahout as much as Perkins^

Wni. Rijan, born in Tipperary county, Ireland, in 1818; came to the United States in 1847; settled near Camp Grove in 1854; died June 19, 1880.