Sterling Township (part 3 of 5)

All bright fellows and all gone. It makes one sad to recall their shattered hopes. A home course of lectures was organized just before the war, and Dr. Hudson was one of the speakers. His subject was "Correlation of Life and Death." The style was learned, a little above the average Sterling mind of that day. The lectures were given in Commercial block, just west of the burial case factory. On leaving here, the doctor finally reached California, where he died a few years ago.

As my older readers know, Sterling was once the happy county seat, and the courthouse stood in the block west of Broadway, between Third and Fourth. It was the center of business, and the best storehouse near it is the brick block now occupied by Frank Bowman on Third. In 1858 in this building I found a drug store under the firm of Anthony & Royer. It was soon afterwards dissolved by mutual consent.

Dr. M. M. Royer came from Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, and attended medical lectures, I think, in Philadelphia, then, as since, the resort of students. Like Edinburgh abroad. He was a brother of the late George Royer, farmer east of town, whose widow still resides in a neat cottage on Fifth street with her daughter Tillie. The face of John Royer, a son, who married Bertha Seidel, is daily seen at the counter of the Sterling National Bank.

Lentil his retirement a few years ago and subsequent residence in Chicago and his death at that place, Dr. Royer was in constant practice. Always ready to respond to call of suffering, rich or poor. Willing at any hour of the night. His saddle bags in the H. S. tell of many a weary horseback ride over our early swampy roads when a buggy was impossible. His wife was Lizzie Hoover, and she and two daughters, Emma and Libbie, live in Chicago. No better physician in diseases of women and children.

During his first years in Sterling, Dr. J. P. Anthony resided on the corner of Fourth avenue and Fourth street. Mrs. Ladd lived and died in the same house, somewhat enlarged. A pump stood in the front yard, and the children from the Presbyterian Sunday school ran there for water. That was in the sixties.

When the war broke out Dr. Anthony responded to his country's call, and was appointed surgeon of the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Illinois, returning at the close of his sen-ice as surgeon of the Sixty-first. Soon afterwards he erected the office on First avenue where Dr. Frank was for awhile, residing in the rear dwelling until he built the spacious home on West Fourth street in which he and Mrs. Anthony died, and where the daughter Permelia remains.

There was something about Dr. Anthony's face and manner that reminded me of our old family doctor, John W. Luther, in the east. He brought cheer into the sick room, always had a smile and hopeful word, and in his long experience soothed many a sad heart. Seldom failed in his diagnosis. A long and faithful practice. He had the courage of his convictions, and you always knew where he stood. Besides his son Frank, Dr. Jacob Kauffman read medicine in his office. I remember Jake's stovepipe hat.

None of our doctors advanced so rapidly as Dr. W. J. Gait. His modest sign first appeared near the gate of Mrs. Amanda Crawford's farm, west of Sterling, then on the Stolp house in Emerson, next in Sterling, where it remained. Dr. Gait read medicine in Strasburg, and attended lectures in Philadelphia. Through his family connection and his own activity, he gradually gained an extensive practice, which he held until failing health.

Few of my readers, I suppose, can recall that frame drug store, owned by Harvey, an Englishman, that stood in the hollow on the corner of Third and Locust, about 1860. It was a hollow, sure enough, and in rainy weather on dark nights it was dangerous without a lantern to cross the boards spanning a raging torrent that might easily drown a man. Dr. Gait bought this building, and erected the substantial edifice in which he had his drug store and office till his death. Several changes since. The Keefers, Mrs. Brown, now Mr. Bickford.

The doctor died the youngest and the richest of our physicians. Not much over forty-five at his death, by his professional labors and business operations he accumulated in about twenty years an estate of a hundred thousand dollars. As he never married, his last months of invalidism were spent at the Gait house. Dr. Gait was a man of quiet tastes, and his greatest delight was to sit of a winter evening around the stove in his store with a few congenial spirits like Aleck McCloy and Champion, and discuss people and politics.

Prophets Of The Past

Among the earliest ministers were Rev. George Stebbins of the Presbyterian, and Rev. S. F. Denning of the Methodist. Mr. Stebbins was an earnest man and highly esteemed. Mr. Denning was a forcible speaker, and his wife was devoted to the missionary cause. Both deserve to be held in grateful remembrance for their Christian zeal in the day of small things, and for the foundations they laid for churches to come.

Among the first ministers we heard in Sterling were two Lutherans, William Uhl and Mr. Thummel, father of our genial veteran, Anson. Both sound, serious clergymen, and both, I think, read their sermons. Father Thummel had received a thorough education in Germany, was a solid the-

Mr. Uhl from Dixon, and Mr. Thummel from Prairieville, were occasional supplies, but after awhile Rev. W. A. Lipe received a call to the little white frame church, which, with its tiny belfry, was long a landmark among the trees on the edge of town. He was just from the seminary, boyish in appearance, full of energy and enthusiasm, sociable, much among his members in Sterling and at Emerson, then Empire.

He had a strong voice, made the room ring, and was a fine singer. How he reveled in music. At revival meetings, in the Sunday school, he always led the chorus of sacred song. His people and children caught his spirit, and you were sure of lively singing in the Lutheran church. After a chaplaincy in the war, he returned to his charge here, finally leaving for Nebraska, and is now at West Point in that state. Mrs. Hefley, wife of the veteran, is a sister. Mr. Lipe came about 1860 and left in 1873.

A day of small things when Rev. U. W. Small was Congregational pastor, 1859-1864. A society, but no building. The services were held in halls. A modest man, intelligent, well read, laborious, much more vigorous in mind than in body. He married Miss Oilman, graduate of Mt. Holyoke, teacher in Central school, a woman of lovely character. An awful tragedy threw a gloom over their later lives. Their son, Forrest, a lawyer, at the outset of a promising career, was mysteriously killed in Minnesota, and the blow nearly prostrated the poor mother. Miss Oilman's likeness is in our Historical Society.

No more commanding figure ever stood in the Sterling pulpits than that of Rev. Ebenezer Erskine, D. D. A handsome man of portly form; open countenance, winning manners, and a hand ever ready for the warm grasp of friendship. A mass of dark hair which he shook back from his forehead. A ready writer and a vigorous preacher. His gospel had no uncertain sound. A thorough Calvinist, a disciple of the Alexanders and the Princeton School of Theology. On resigning his charge here in 1865, he started the Northwestern Presbyterian in Chicago, which finally was succeeded by the present Interior. Dr. Erskine returned to the ministry and accepted the charge of a large congregation at Newville, Pa., where he died a few years ago after a long pastorate. Dr. Erskine left in the spring, and the pulpit that summer was supplied by Prof. Elliott, Scotchman, from McCormick Theological Seminary.

That autumn a call was given to a tall, dignified young gentleman, bearing for his first name that of an excellent relative, Bishop Meade of Virginia. This was Rev. M. C. Williams. His sermons showed marks of careful preparation, and were given in a style of pleasant persuasion, with no attempt at declamation, which is almost sacrilegious in the sacred desk.

After a ministry of eight years and charges in Princeton and Toledo, he finally settled in St. Louis, where he established the MidjContinent, afterwards merged in Herald & Presbyter, Cincinnati. His tastes were literary, and various articles and booklets appeared from his pen. Twice abroad. His

When I came to Sterling in the summer of 1856, Elder Mason was already on the ground. He was really a home missionary of the Baptist church. He had only a Tittle group of members to begin with, Mrs. Harden, Deacon Todd, Nichols, and a few others, but he held revival meetings every winter, and in the spring the converts were taken to the river, and with prayer and song the solemn rite of baptism was administered.

Mr. Mason was the most genial of men. Much of his pastoral work was done on the street and in the homes. He liked to mingle among people, and always had a cheerful greeting. The present church is the third or fourth which grew from the pioneer chapel which he started, and on the wall should be a tablet with the inscription : "In loving memory of Rev. J. T. Mason, to whose devotion this church under God owes its foundation." He died a few years ago in Amboy, but Mrs. Mason returned, and lives in the early home.

Like the Congregational, the Baptists at first met in upper rooms above stores. In the choir was C. B. Smith, afterwards a lawyer at Mt. Carroll, with his violin, and the politest of ushers was A. A. Terrell, whose tragic death a few years ago in Chicago will be remembered by our readers.

Not on the field so early as some of the others was Rev. Emanuel Brown, for nearly thirty years minister of St. John's Lutheran church, dying in 1900, on Good Friday, like the Master he served so faithfully. He was devoted to his congregation, laboring in season and out of season, never taking a vacation, finding his highest enjoyment in his work. Very sociable, plain in his manners and popular with all classes in the community. Families that had no church connection always called upon him in time of sickness and death. A favorite minister for couples who came to town to be married. Like Daniel, a man greatly beloved, and his name is still fragrant in the city where he labored so long.

To see the hopeful face and active step of Rev. Martin Post, one can hardly believe that he goes back to his first ministry in our Congregational church forty years, or 1866. After a pastorate of six years, to California for a time, and then back from 1884 to 1894. Since his return from the south he resides at Chapin, near Jacksonville, in the regular discharge of his ministerial functions. An excellent preacher. Thoroughly grounded in the great doctrines of the gospel, and in touch with every type of theological discussion, his discourses are marked by scholarly thought, rhetorical finish, and impressive delivery. He has a message, and utters it with a conscience. Perhaps John Wesley will not be the only minister preaching at eighty-five.

I must add a paragraph of forgotten history. While the Congos were worshiping in a hall a supply one Sunday was Dr. Chadbourne, at that time the most eminent educator in the country. He occupied all kinds of positions as professor at Williams, president of Wisconsin, lecturer at Smithsonian, leader of scientific expeditions to Florida and Iceland, a remarkable

One Of The Early Teachers

A half sheet of paper, bluish in tinge, placed in the Whiteside Historical Society, bears the following legend: "Names of scholars comprising the school taught by Mrs. Sarah Worthington in the old courthouse in 1848." Fifty boys and girls in two columns, a number to each. And who are they? Looking at these names is almost like walking through a cemetery and glancing at the tombstones. Here are some of the most familiar : Ann E. Wilson, Charles Mack, Emma Wilson, Emily Worthington, Harriet Landis, Josephine Worthington, Mary Worthington, Sarah Stebbins, Theodore Mack, Edward Worthington, Arabella Hedlock, Caroline Brink, Harriet Albertson, Martha Kilgour. Most of the fifty are on the other shore. Paper was valuable in those days, and prohibition was already on the carpet. For on the back of the sheet are three stanzas of a cold-water song. Here is the first :

This Mrs. Sarah Worthington was Sarah McShane, of Philadelphia, who was married in 1834 to E. B. Worthington. She had a thorough education in all the accomplishments of those times, and before her marriage was a teacher in Philadelphia. A dingy card before us as we write tells the story:

On removing after marriage to Sterling, to meet a. pressing want and beguile her mind, Mrs. Worthington resumed her early occupation. She opened a school, 1838, in the first frame house in the place. Among her pupils were the Bush, Kilgour, and Brewer families. The next year she started a class in painting, in which appear the names of Johnson, Stephens, and Brown. She enjoyed teaching, and of painting she never seemed to tire. Even at an advanced age, far in the eighties, she showed the writer the latest specimens of her skill as they hung on the walls of her parlor. Like grand

The First Presbyterian

For once the staid Calvinists seem to have got ahead of the lively Arminians, for as Mr. Fife relates in his anniversary sermon, Aug. 16, 1885, although the circuit rider was early on the ground and occupied on alternate 'Sabbaths the courthouse, the Presbyterians were the first to secure a local habitation and a name; The church was organized with ten members on Nov. 4, 1844: John and Maria Gait, Eliza Wilson, Mary Wallace. J. C. Woodburn, with Mary and Jane, W. H. Cole, Carlisle and Jane Mason. It was under jurisdiction of the presbytery of Schuyler. Rev. George Stebbins was elected pastor in 1845, and remained until May, 1856. At his resignation there were thirty-nine members. Mr. Stebbins was much esteemed. For a year the pulpit was supplied by Rev. James L. Rogers and then Mr. Randall. In August, 1857, Rev. Ebenezer Erskine, of Columbia, Pa., was called, and he entered upon his duties that fall, continuing in active service until April, J865, when he resigned to assume other responsibilities in Chicago. A forceful preacher and a genial man. During his stay, Dr. Alfred Hamilton, of Fagg's Manor, Pa., a theologian of saintly bearing, conducted a revival which resulted in several accessions. During the summer after Mr. Erskine's retirement Prof. Charles Elliott, of the McCormick Seminary, filled the sacred desk, and on Oct. 23, 1865, Rev. M. C. Williams, Fort Wayne, Indiana, accepted a call.

The ministry of Rev. N. H-. G. Fife began on November 1873, and he had the privilege of assisting in the erection of the new church now occupied by the congregation. It was completed in 1885, and the dedication took place on Sunday, Oct. 30.

The edifice stands on Fifth street, between Locust and Avenue A. It is of brick, Gothic front, with one large main window like York cathedral, and a corner tower, 106 feet high. The floor inclines, pews of ash trimmed with cherry, the seating capacity over five hundred. A large .organ in the northeast corner. The basement contains a main Sunday school room with several smaller rooms and conveniences for social functions. Here are held the various festivals of the congregation. The total cost of the structure with furniture was $30,000. The $1,800 organ was secured by the active efforts

The dedicatory services occupied the day. The morning sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. W. G. Craig, of Chicago, and the evening by Rev. Dr. M. C. Williams, then of Princeton. Among the other ministers present were Mr. Hilton of the Methodist, Mr. Smith of Morrison, and Rev. Martin Post, of Congregational.

The old church stood on Fourth street on the site of the present High school, although the stone walls were begun in 1849, lack of means prevented the completion of the structure till 1855 and 1853. The basement only was in use for a time. When the upper room was dedicated in 1856, Rev. W. W. Harsha, of Dixon, delivered the sermon. As the building was too small, a brick front was added in 1865, at a cost of $4,000.

Fifty years! Not long in Rome, but a time of meaning for the new West. Nov. 4, 1894, was the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the church, and it was fitly observed. Rev. William Carter, pastor, in the morning gave a concise review of the progress of the society, and in the evening there were various papers read by members of the church and pastors of sister denominations. Reminiscences by Mary Wallace, Maria Gait, Eliza Wilson, all since dead, "Impressions 25 Years Ago" by John Buyers, "The Church in the Last Decade," by George Robinson. In short talks, Mr. Denning and Mr. Flack spoke for the Methodists, Rev. E. Brown for the Lutherans, Rev. Theo. Crowe for the Congregational. Music was unusually elaborate. Solos by Lulu Newcomer and Horace Diller - Leah Sprinkle at the organ.

John Gait, an elder in the Presbyterian church before removal to the West, was one of the pillars of the society from the start. It is said that the first formal public service was held in the school house on Broadway, south of the Worthington home, in November, 1844. When Mr. Stebbins was installed as pastor, he received the munificent allowance of $200 from the general board of the church and an equal amount in pork, potatoes, and similar dainties from the people. Before his installation, union services were held by the Baptists and members of other churches, each family bringing its own candle. The old announcement used to be, "Preaching at early candle light."

Several pastors from the resignation of Rev. N. H. G. Fife kf the present: S. S. Palmer, 1890-93; Wm. Carter, 1894-99; J. F. Horton, 1899-1901; W. E. Donaldson, 1902-1905. Charles Gorman Richards, now in the pulcit. began his services July, 1906. The trustees are G. G. Keefer, A. A. Wolfersperger, L. L. Wheeler, Fred Honens, H. C. Atwood. The elders are T. A. Gait, G. L. Robinson, W. P. Hallett, E. L. Gait, H. L. Davis, G. Hanson, H. Reitzel, Fred Honens, Dr. Keefer, M. Dillon. About 125 scholars in the bible school, George Hanson, superintendent. The membership of the church is about four hundred. T. A. Gait, eighty, is the oldest elder, and has grown gray in the office. The late John Buyers was another revered dignitary in the same honor.

There are the usual societies in connection with the church. One encouraging feature within the last two years has been the awakened interest among the men of the church, not in a mere social way, but in real personal activity for the spread of the Redeemer's kingdom. The Presbyterian Brotherhood is a rising association of much promise. The meetings are made agreeable and instructive. Refreshments are often served. At a meeting in March, 1908, C. L. Sheldon and Judge H. C. Ward spoke on Civic Righteousness.

Rev. Charles Gorman Richards, present pastor, is a native of Pennsylvania, a graduate of Princeton in 1897, and of McCormick Theological Seminary in 1901. His only pastorate was five years at Columbus, Indiana, before his call to Sterling.

Mr. Stebbins Starts The Choir

One hot summer day, says George Brewer, when the Presbyterians were holding services in the old court house, Mr. Stebbins noticed the choir who were sitting around the table below the judge's desk, with heads back and eyes shut. He decided on heroic action, and laying aside his manuscript, he screamed at the top of his voice, "Awake, ye drowsy souls, why sleep ye so under the offers of pardoning grace, ye slumberers of time to eternity, awake!" This tremendous blast so unusual in the quiet preacher, startled everybody, the choir as well, who with their chorister, D. R. Beck, straightened up, and cleared their throats for the next hymn.

Tale Of A Chart

There hangs in the Historical Society a chart of the pews in the Presbyterian church about 1860. They are numbered and marked with the names of the families who occupied them. Sometimes two had one pew. There were about sixty pews and of all the persons whose names appear, not one remains but T. A. Gait and Amanda Crawford. The Goes, Pattersons. Wilsons, Hutchinsons, Penningtons, Manahans, Robbins, Crawfords, Wallaces, Windoms, and dozens of others of the original people all represented only by their descendants, and in some cases not a survivor of the race is left.

At a business meeting of the Presbyterian church in April, it was shown that the congregational expenses during the year closing March 31, 1908, including the first payments of pledges on the manse fund, contributions have amounted to six thousand eight hundred and forty-five dollars; and the gifts for benevolences, including the various boards of the church and miscellaneous outside causes, were nineteen hundred and twenty-three dollars, making a total of money contributed for all purposes of eight thousand seven hundred and sixty-eight dollars. The following were elected trustees: George G. Keefer, C. H. Atwood, W. W. Wheeler, A. A. Wolfersperger, and John G. Wetzel.

During the year five additional elders have been ordained, and thirtyone new members added to the communicant, roll. Eleven have been dismissed by letter to other churches, and four have been lost by death. Ten adults and eleven children have received baptism. A marked increase was noted in the attendance of adults in the bible school.

The First Methodist

To all the truth we tell, we tell ! Shouted in ecstasies, a bell; Come, all ye weary wanderers, see, Our Lord has made salvation free! Repent, believe, have faith, and then Be saved and praise the Lord, Amen. Salvation's free, we tell, we tell! Shouted the Methodistic bell. - Bun gay.

Our Wesleyan friends held services in Sterling township in 1836, and in 1838 the church was organized with Barton H. Cartwright as minister, cousin of the famous Peter. Both Peter and Barton spent much of their lives in the saddle on extended circuits, and both lived till nearly ninety. Barton was chaplain in the army, and was with Sherman in his march to the sea. He died in Oregon, Illinois, 1895.

The members of the first class were Hezekiah Brink and wife, Luther Bush and wife, Mrs. Geer and Mrs. Pratt. The charge was part of the Buffalo Grove circuit. In 1855, Rev. S. F. Denning became resident pastor, remaining two years, and promoted the erection of the church in 1856. It cost $9,000, and at its completion, a large debt was resting upon forty members. In 1882 the church was sued, and the building sold to Henry Murray for $2,000. A dark day in the history of old Broadway. Dr. T. M. Eddy of Chicago was invited to preside at a grand rally of the congregation, and in response to his fervent appeals, subscriptions were received sufficient to pay the debt, and the building was deeded back to the trustees. In 1863 several members withdrew because of opposition to the pew-renting system. In 1867 thirty members withdrew, and organized the Fourth Street church. In 1868 under S. F. Denning's second pastorate, the church was for the first time freed from all indebtedness. After leaving the ministry, Mr. Denning continued his residence in Sterling, dying a few years ago in his own pleasant cottage on Second street. Mrs. Denning was a cultured woman, faithful in every good work.

In 1877, the parsonage was erected, and the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary organized. One of the finest church properties in the city. Within a few years the Auditorium and basement have been remodeled and decorated. The grounds are on the corner, and on the west side of the spacious area, stands the pretty white parsonage. At the dedication in 1856. Dr. Luke Hitchcock, presiding elder, preached the sermon.

Rev. E. J. Rose, Ph.D., S. T. D., the present pastor, prepared for the duties of his sacred office, at Illinois We«leyan, Northwestern University, and Garrett Biblical Institute. He has been twenty-one years in the ministry. The present member-hip numbers 270. In the Sunday school two hundred are enrolled. Bert Thomas is superintendent. The usual Ladies' Aid and Epworth League. An active Brotherhood which holds annual meetings with banquet and addresses. Much interest by the good women in their missionary society, and occasional addresses by devoted women from China and other countries in the foreign field. Beginning with Barton Cartwright, Mr. Rose is the 29th minister to proclaim the word from the pulpit of old Broadway. Paddock, Denning, and most of the earlier pastors have gone to their reward.

St. John'S Lutheran Church

Our older citizens remember the little white frame church with cupalo which stood among the trees on the northern edge of the city. Here the congregation met year after wear until it outgrew the narrow quarters, and a new building was an absolute necessity. The requisite amount was subscribed, the old frame was sold and moved away, and on June 16, 1891, the corner stone of the new structure was laid with suitable ceremony. Rev. Grover Clark, of the Methodist church, offered prayer, the scripture was read by Rev. L. M. Gates of the Baptist, and an address was delivered by Rev. Martin Post of the Congregational. Rev. E. Brown, pastor, explained the purpose of the occasion in a few touching remarks. In the corner stone was deposited a tin box containing the names of the officers of the church and Sunday school, city papers, coins, school reports, and other features of the current time. On Sunday, April 3, 1892, the edifice was dedicated, Rev. Samuel B. Barnitz, D. D., preaching the sermon. The entire cost was $15,000.

The society began like other of the Sterling churches in the old court house, and the eleven original members who effected the organization, Dec. 4, 1854, were Isaac and Mary Reed, Catherine Lefever, M. C. Auld, Susan Auld, Benjamin and Harriet Reed, John and Elizabeth Hecker, Mary Reedr Thomas Sipe. While in the court house, Jonas Windom led the singing, and Henry Landis played the violin. After meeting a while in the old Presbyterian church, the frame church was begun in 1856, and completed in 1857. This was the building removed for the new edifice in 1891. The lot was given by John Lefever. Isaac Reed and John Hecker were elected the first elders. In April, 1857, there were 31 communicants, and in March, 1862, 46. No regular pastor at the beginning, but the pulpit was supplied by Rev. William Uhl, of Dixon,.and Rev. C. B. Thummel, of Gap Grove. Rev. N. W. Lilly succeeded in 1857, and after a stay of almost two years was followed by Rev. W. A. Lipe, who ministered to the people until 1873r except an interval of service as chaplain during the war. Mr. Lipe was a vigorous preacher, and the congregation gradually enlarged. He held servicesin the school house at Empire, and his labors there resulted later in the building of a Lutheran church. In 1873, Rev. Emanuel Brown began a faithful ministry which ended only with his lamented death in 1900. Just one short interruption, when for a few months about 1875, the pulpit was filled bv Rev. A. K. Felton. September 1, 1900, Rev. E. Lee Fleck began his ministry, which still continues with great acceptance. He was called from Dayton, Ohio, without the ordeal of a previous trial sermon. Mr. Fleck took his col- lege course at Carthage, in this state, and his seminary preparation at Wittenberg, Springfield, Ohio. Mrs. Fleck is also a graduate of Carthage.

Few churches anywhere have shown more healthful progress in things, spiritual and material. A spacious parsonage, a splendid pipe organ, a handsomely decorated interior, and a basement nicely fitted for every social function, are among the substantial improvements. The thirty communicants of 1857 have increased to over five hundred in 1908. A Sunday school of 405 pupils, 18 teachers, four adult classes. George L. Carolus is superintendent. Numerous societies in connection with the church hold regular meetings, the Ladies' Aid, Ladies' Social Circle, Christian Endeavor, Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary. The elders of the church are Daniel Over, Anson Thummel, and Theodore Trouth. A large choir of young ladies and gentlemen led by Miss Muriel Price.

Our Daily Work is a small four-page paper edited by the pastor and distributed among the members on the first of every month as they leave the church. It gives a variety of items about the societies and affairs of the congregation that all ought to know.

Foreign mission day and other great causes of the general church are punctually observed by the Sunday school with appropriate programs of dialogue and music on Sunday evening. The offerings for these objects are liberal, and the Sunday night audiences are encouraging with full pews.

A kindly charity on Christmas week, 1907, was the entertainment of the entire Nachusa Orphans' Home, sixty-five, in the social rooms of the church at a bountiful holiday dinner.

Fourth Street Methodist

This is the last and finest of our churches. In size, beauty, convenience, and massive construction, it is the gem of our ecclesiastical edifices. The corner stone was laid in 1907, and the dedication took place on Sunday, April 5. For the week preceding there was a series of jubilee exercises. On Sunday, March 29, Dr. Elliott, of Chicago, preached, and A. D. Traveler, presiding elder of Rockford district. On Monday evening Walter Keller of St. Vincent's church, Chicago, gave an organ recital. On Tuesday, sermon by Dr. Brummitt of Epworth Herald, and on Wednesday by A. T. Horn of Oakland church, Chicago. On Thursday Dr. Swift of Austin spoke to the Brotherhoods. On Friday fraternal greetings from other churches, in which Thomas of the Baptist, Parvin of the Christian, Rose of Broadway M. E., Davis of Lutheran, Fonken of Y. M. C. A., Crowl of Congregational, and Richards of Presbyterian, took part. A congratulatory letter was read from Rev. Edwin Weary. Episcopal, who was engaged in Dixon. N. G. Van Sant presided. On Sunday morning Dr. Shepard of Englewood preached, and in the afternoon, C. S. Moore, presiding elder of Dixon district made the formal dedication. Dr. Tilroe, of Chicago, spoke in the evening. All through these exercises the music, vocal and instrumental, was of high order, Prof. Russell A. Morrison, director, and Miss Vergie L. Bensinger, organist. Large and delighted audiences at every session.

A dainty souvenir booklet was issued containing portraits of the various pastors, pictures of the church, lists of the officers, a description of the building, and a history of the society. This has furnished much of the material given in this sketch.

The style of the building is Renaissance, and from the foundation to the top of the two towers the material is concrete. There are two main divisions, the chapel and Sunday school rooms, and the capacious auditorium for the regular service. The frescoing is neat, the windows are of art glass, lighting by gas and electricity, the floors are of hard wood, the woodwork is oak, back of the pulpit is a two manual Pilcher organ. All the fixtures are in harmony, and when lighted at night the effect is inspiring and impressive. The pews will accommodate 750 people, with emergency settings for 250 more. H. B. Wheelock of Chicago is the architect. The splendid church is a monument to the Christian liberality of the men and women of the congregation, and to the untiring devotion of Rev. W. W. Diehl, pastor, who was the soul of the noble enterprise from its inception to its triumphant completion.

Fourth Street church is an offshoot of old Broadway, now the First M. E. church. In 1867, as many of the congregation lived in the west end, a mile off, it was decided to form a new society, and 39 members withdrew. Wallace hall was rented, and Rev. J. H. Ailing was sent as pastor by the conference. During his pastorate, the lots on Avenue A and Fourth street were purchased, and the basement constructed. Rev. W. H. Smith succeeded, 1889-72, and the church was completed and dedicated in 1871, at a cost of $18,000. A phenomenal growth. From 39 members there are now nearly 500. The Sunday school from 26 scholars to 389 with 78 on the cradle roll. Both the old church and the adjoining rectory were demolished as the entire property was needed for the new edifice.

No other society in the city has so much energy and perseverence. Every man, woman, and child puts the shoulder to the wheel. Already in 1904, $20,000 were pledged toward the building fund. The Ladies' Aid for three years has been raising $1,000 per year for the same purpose. Of the few wealthy members, one has given $2,000, another $1,500. Even young people who have to earn the money, have pledged various amounts from $50 to $100. The ladies have frequent festivals, and the congregation is kept in a continual state of pleasing excitement that leads to financial profit. The cost of the complete structure is placed at $52.000. The chapel dedicated in 1905, cost $20,000.

Rev. W. W. Diehl is the sixteenth pastor beginning with Rev. J. H. Alling, and has served the longest pastorate, 1901-08. Of the present board of trustees, James Woodburn is president. Three local preachers, H. K. Hostetter, Albert Coe, Mortimer Coe. George Welsh is superintendent of the Sunday school, assisted by seventeen teachers. Mrs. A. C. Randall has the primary department. Five subsidiary societies, all nourishing, Epworth league, Junior league, Ladies' Aid, Women's Foreign Missionary, and Men's Brother- hood. On the building committee of the new church were Dr. Hill, C. E. Bensinger, J. P. Overholser, N. G. Van Sant, John Wagner, Isaac Bressler, A. C. Randall, George Beebe, C. H. Woodburn, and the pastor.

The First Baptist

In common with the other churches, the Baptists had their time of struggle, beginning in June, 1856, with eleven members. Jesse Rosenberger, George Nichols, and Mrs. Phebe Worthington were among the charter members. The latter-still living at nearly 96. Rev. H. H. Haff was in charge from June to September, 1856, and in November, Rev. J. T. Mason began a noble ministry which continued to 1880. The first services were held in Boynton's hall. In the choir was C. B. Smith with his violin. He studied law, and died in Mt. Carroll. The late A. A. Terrell was the polite usher. The First church, a diminutive brick with two windows on a side was erected in 1857. Mr. Mason humorously called it a kitchen, hoping for a larger addition, which came in 18'65. As the congregation steadily increased, the present structure with its two towers was built in 1873. Many improvements have been made since, the last being a handsome organ, which rises back of the pulpit, and gives a cathedral effect to the whole interior. Mr. Mason's labors were abundant. His face was radiant on the street. Every winter he held protracted meetings, and in the spring soon as the ice had moved out, classes of converts were baptized at the foot of some avenue. He had a charge in Amboy after leaving here. His widow returned' after his death, and worships in the sanctuary he did so much to establish. Rev. 0. R. Thomas from Pennsylvania is the eleventh pastor in the pulpit. Among the later ministers pleasantly remembered are W. B. Morris, Dr. A. L. Wilkinson, vigorous and intellectual, and James A. Pierce, who was seized with a violent illness from which he never recovered. He was held in high regard by all demominations, and a fund was gathered for the benefit of the family.

Facing Central Park, the church has the most desirable situation in the city. An earnest congregation. The present pastor, O. R. Thomas, is from Pennsylvania. The total membership is 240, 85 men, 155 women. In the Sunday school 165 young people, and all singers. W. S. Adams is clerk of the church body, and the deacons are G. P. Perry, W. S. Adams, W. H. Barnum, W. S. Frey, I. M. Phillips. Wilbur Barnum is superintendent of the Sunday school. Miss May Adams is president of B. Y. P. U. Mrs. I. M. Phillips of the Missionary Society. Mrs. Jenkins of the Ladies' Benevolent Society. The organist of the church is Miss Mabel Philips.

The Episcopal Church

In 1856 at the request of a few earnest disciples of the church of Bishop Heber and Jeremy Taylor, Bishop "Whitehouse appointed Rev. Mr. Downing, of Dixon, to hold services in Sterling. Just a little band, but they were loyal. Mr. and Mrs. Simpson, with their family, B. Fluelling, Sidney Osmer, Gabriel Davis, Mrs. Wm. MoCune. Mr. Downing came every second Sunday afternoon, and the Lutherans kindly offered the use of their small white church on the edge of town. He was entertained by Gabriel Davis. In time services were held in Wallace hall. It was decided to build a church, subscriptions were generously made, and in the spring of 1865, Dr. Clarkson, of Chicago, laid the corner stone of Grace church, First avenue and Fourth street. The original cost was $14,000, but subsequent improvements have materially increased that amount. The young society began to grow, and the seven original communicants were soon surrounded by a numerous congregation. Among the later additions were Mrs. Coblentz, Nelson Maxson and wife. John Price. D. F. Batcheller, Lorenzo Hapgood. For many years, Gabriel Davis and Lorenzo Hapgood were senior wardens. In the vestry were W. A. Sanborn, M. S. Henry, and others. Rev. 0. B. Thayer, formerly a Methodist, was the first rector. Dec. 11, 1864, at the first confirmation, Bishop Whitehouse confirmed thirty candidates. A succession of rectors after Mr. Thayer. Among them Gierlow, Goodhue, Lloyd, Root, Joss, Bate. Rev. J. E. Goodhue was here twice, much beloved, and his memory is precious. He was called to a charge in Newark, N. Y., and died there a few years ago. Gierlow died in St. Louis. The visits of Bishop Whitehouse to the parish are fondly recalled. Mr. and Mrs. Hapgood always entertained him at their brick cottage on Second avenue, and the next morning after confirmation, friends were invited to call. It was an informal reception. The bishop was an accomplished gentleman, not only theologian, but scholar, traveler, linguist, and so admirable a talker that you had only to ask a question, and he would pour forth a stream of delightful incident and comment. A hard worker. All Illinois was then his diocese.

During the rectorship of Mr. Bate, 1902, a spacious parish house was erected in rear of the church by the munificence of John S. Miller, a prominent member. Within the last few years, especially since the coming of the present rector, many costly additions have been made to the original structure. Interior decoration, new pews, a fine organ, the elevation of the spire, a chime of bells, gift of the Greenoughs, western extension of the nave. In all its appointments, Grace church is a model of chaste ecclesiastical beauty and

Rev. Edwin Weary, the present rector, under whom the parish is enjoying a high degree of prosperity, celebrated the silver jubilee of his ordination to the ministry, Oct. 18, 1882, in Grace church in 1907 on the same date. The interior was charmingly decorated with palms and flowers. Rev. G. S. Hinkle, Waterloo, Iowa, preached the sermon. The choir rendered a program of select music. A reception after the service to all in attendance, and in the evening, also, at the parish house, to Rev. and Mrs. Weary, who is an untiring assistant in everything connected with the social and general work of the church. Following a congratulatory address by Rev. Mr. Whitcomb, St. Luke's, Dixon, Frank J. Bowman, esq., presented the rector and wife a gift of $50 from the congregation, $25 to represent the past term of activity, and the other $25 in hopeful anticipation of a similar term to come. To all the addresses, Mr. Weary replied in his usual happy manner.

Few rectors of his age, and he is only in the prime of life, have seen so much strenuous service. Soon after his ordination in 1882, he took charge of missions on the Labrador coast among the Esquimaux and other missions in Canada. In 1893 Mr. Weary came to the United States, and at the close of eight years in East Liverpool, Ohio, a membership increased from 100 to 375 communicants, and a handsome stone church, were positive proofs that his labors were abundantly prospered.

The vestry consists of Frank Taylor, senior warden ; John S. Miller, j unior warden ; William Dougherty, clerk ; Harry Werle, financial secretary ; Capt. A. H. Hershey, Frank Bowman, J. A. Kilgour, William Martell, A. M. Clapp, N. Gaulrapp. There are 121 communicants, 64 scholars in the Sunday school, of which Mr. Weary is superintendent. Mr. Weary came to Grace church in the spring of 1905.

The First Congregational

Dr. Dwight has a good many followers who love the old church, and carry their preference to their homes in the West. A feeble folk in Sterling in 1857. Ten persons met April 17, at the Boynton House to consult: L. B. Wetherbee, A. McMoore, M. H. Hinsdale, William McKinney, Francis Macey, Joel S. Wilcox, David and Abel Holbrook, Joshua McKinney, Nathan Williams. On June 21, the church was formally organized with thirty members. Commercial Hall was used that winter, and in May, 1859, a room on second floor of Central block was engaged. Various supplies until Rev. U. W. Small was installed Sept. 22, 1859. His wife was Miss Gillman, a teacher imbued with the spirit of her alma mater, Mt. Holyoke and Mary Lyon. A lot was bought on Second avenue, between Third and Fourth streets, and a frame church was erected in 1864, which was enlarged in 1870. But a modern structure was found to be necessary, and on April 24, 1898, was dedicated the present magnificent temple with its stately tower. Organ, furniture, glass, all the equipments in the highest style of art. Prof. Samuel Ives Curti-s, D. D., preached the sermon in the morning, and in the evening, Rev. Martin Post, former pastor, spoke the message. The best musicians of the city rendered selections from the great composers of sacred song.

The special exercises continued really four days, beginning with an organ and vocal concert on Friday, and closing with a social evening on Tuesday. At the fellowship service, addresses were made by Rev. Emanuel Brown, Lutheran, Rev. William Carter, Presbyterian; Rev. J. A. Matlack, Methodist; Rev. W. B. Morris, Baptist; Rev. Silas Jones, Christian, and Rev. B. R. Schultze, Evangelical.

The next striking event was the jubilee from June 16 to June 21, 1907, to commemorate fifty years of development, 1857-1907. On Sunday the sermon was by Rev. Martin Post, the scripture lesson by Dr. Boardman, and the prayer by Rev. E. W. Clarke, all former pastors. On Sunday evening a fellowship service with the Rock Falls church, and a paper by C. A. Wetherbee on the history of the church. On Friday afternoon, there were greetings by the Sterling pastors, and in the evening talks by early ministers of the society. Of the twelve members who met in 1857 in the Second ward school to consider organization, Mr. and Mrs. John Harpham are still in regular attendance. The oldest and most prominent of the original group was Joshua McKinney, who died in 1907. Among the later members, no one has taken a more active part in the affairs of the church, and, indeed, in every good enterprise, than J. K. Chester. Much of the musical prestige of this church is due to the skill and perseverance of Miss Ella Richards, who for a long time has had the direction of the choir. Frequent recitals are a favorite feature, as well as vesper services.

Of all the former pastors, Martin Post left the deepest impress upon the congregation from his long residence and earnest spirit. In a letter written at Atlantic City, January, 1894, he says in giving his resignation: "Next April will complete 28 years since I first saw Sterling, Deacon McKinney and a few others, and with the return of June it will be ten years since I began my second pastorate. Our relations have always been delightful. You received me with all my weaknesses and deficiencies, and I have sought to give you my best. To me and my family, your sympathy has been unfailing, and now, though the pastoral bond be sundered, the one bond, most precious of all, our common love of the Savior, will never be sundered."

, Rev. Theodore Growl, D. D., has ministered to the large and intelligent congregation of five hundred members since 1894. Both he and his excellent family occupy a prominent place in the social life of the community. J. K. Chester is superintendent of the Sunday school of 320 scholars. Of the six deacons, J. K. Chester, Dr. Gordon, W. W. Haskell, Prof. Axistin, C. A. Wetherbee. S. P. Giddings is the dean.

St. Mary'S Catholic Church

The Catholics in Sterling at an early day were obliged, like the other societies, to meet for worship in the courthouse. Sol Seely recalls the wonder with which the natives gazed at the imposing ceremonies of the ancient church as conducted by a visiting priest. The first services were by a French priest from Iowa. About 1853 organization was effected, and services were held regularly thenceforth. In June, 1883, Rev. John Daly became first resident pastor, and the first child whose baptism is recorded in the register was Dominic Eagou. He was followed in May, 1876, by Rev. M. J. Byrne. May, 1878, came Rev. C. J. O'Callaghan; February, 1889, Rev. Thos. Quigley; March. 1889, Rev. P. McMahon; May, 1892, Rev. R. H. McGuire, and in October, 1893, Rev. J. J. Bennett, who has remained ever since.

The congregation has had its struggles and changes. The first church was erected of brick in 18'38 on the corner of Second avenue and Fifth street, and was transferred in time to the Christian church, which now meets there for regular worship. The old Presbyterian church on Fourth street, left vacant by the erection of a new edifice, was purchased in 1879, and services held there until the completion of the stately new structure in 1900. The rectory on the south was added in 1901. In some respects the most imposing ecclesiastical property in the city, with the wide front on B avenue, the broad concrete steps and platform at the entrance, and the spire with bells soaring heavenward. The style is Gothic. This handsome church and earnest people owe much to the judgment and perseverance of Father Bennett, who at sixty-four has given his best years to the parish. He began his preliminary studies at St. Joseph's college, Bardstown, Ky., and received his final diploma at St. Mary's College, Emmittsburg, Md. He was ordained at Chicago in 1874 by Bishop Foley, labored 14 years at Braidwood, and in 1907 celebrated the 33d anniversary of his elevation to the priesthood.

St. Mary's has about 172 families and several societies. The Altar Society for various beneficent needs of the church. The Junior Society, consisting 6f girls from quite young to sixteen, and the Senior Sodality of young ladies from sixteen upwards. The Cadets are composed of boys from six to sixteen, whose motto is 'temperance and purity, with about ninety members. The regular temperance society of sixty men, who are ready to do battle for total abstinence and clean living. The altar ladies are a force, numbering 172 members, abundant in good works. The name of the parish was changed from St. Patrick's to avoid confusion, as several St. Patricks, are already in the vicinity. ,

Church Of The Sacred Heart

On the corner of First avenue and Seventh street this handsome church of the German Catholics rears its stately spire, with a melodious bell that peals welcome music every Sunday to saint and sinner. The corner stone was laid in 1884 by Archbishop Feehan of Chicago. The building committee was Henry Flock, Adam Hutten, V. Schiffmacher, N. Gaulrapp, Henry Weber. The church was organized in 1870, and at first the Germans and Irish held services together. The first services were held in Bressler's hall, 1870, with only thirty families. In 1875 the frame church was built, now used as a schoolhouse. Under Pastor Beineke, afterwards, the parochial residence and sisters' house were erected. The first resident priest was Schamoni, an Italian. Rev. Father Henry M. Fegers came in February, 1885, and the church has enjoyed a steady growth. There are eighty families in membership, and various associations to assist in religious work, the married ladies' altar society, the young ladies' and the young men's societies, as well as the Knights of Columbus and the Knights of America. In the school conducted by the Sisters of St. Francis, one hundred children are enrolled.

Father Fegers entered upon his sacred calling after a long and thorough study in the seminaries of the church, and is a gentleman of varied culture. A lover of old books. Among his treasures are the Meditations of St. Ignatius, Antwerp, 1620. Another and rarer is Coloquia oder Tischreden Doctor Mart. Luther, Frankfurt am Mayne, 1568. Father Fegers celebrated the 39th anniversary of his ordination to the priesthood in 1907, and is the dean of the clergy in both Rock Falls and Sterling.

Disciples Of Christ

The first meeting, conducted by Knowles Shaw, was held June 18, 1875 in a tent in Central Park. The members living in Sterling and Rock Falls were Mr. and Mrs. E. Brookfield, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Detweiler, Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Nance, George Nance, W. F. Eastman, and Florence Burgess. The church was organized June 27, 1875, and the first trustees were W. F. Eastman, R. B. Colcord, and E. Brookfield. The first elders, George Nance, R. B. Colcord, J. S. Detweiler. The first deacons, E. Brookfield, J. D. Nance, W. H. Shepperd, David Grubb. The superintendent of the Sunday school was W. F. Eastman. The pastor was J. N. Smith. The first meeting after that in the park was held in Wallace Hall, the next Sunday in Boynton Hall, and in Aug. 15, 1875, in Colcord Hall. The first of the little band to pass away was Ephraim Brookfield, Jan. 10, 1876. Rev. J. H. Wright became pastor in October, 1876, and remained three years. The first church was dedicated Feb. 1, 1880. It stands on Locust street, and is now, after being remodeled, used as the armory. T. W. Grafton was the next pastor. Desiring a change of situation and better facilities for their work, the society in 1888 purchased the brick building formerly occupied by St. Patrick's congregation, on Sixth street and Second avenue. Smaller rooms were formed from the main auditorium, and various changes made to adapt it to the needs of the church. Besides the pastors mentioned have been F. L. Moffet, Silas Jones, W. E. Spicer. Silas Jones is now professor in Eureka College. Two promising young members were nurtured in the society, Stephen Zendt and Louis 0.

Lehman. A missionary in India, Miss Mary Kingsbury. The present pastor is Ira L. Parvin. The superintendent of the Sunday school is W. J. Moore, the marble mason. The usual societies. There are 200 members in the church, and 110 pupils in Sunday school.

The Reformed Mennonite

This was formed in 1868 with 65 members, and the plain white frame church stands on the north-western corner of Riverside cemetery. Services are held every Sunday. Many of the congregation live in the country, and sheds are provided for shelter of teams in inclement weather. Preaching by one of their own members, who serves without compensation. The present pastor is William Miller, who lives on his farm north of Sterling. The society maintains the dress, customs, and doctrines of the founders in Germany, three hundred years ago.

The German Lutheran

This is one of our later societies. Of the three original movers, all are gone, the last being Charles Behrens and Albert J. Alberts. Their first preacher was Rev. C. Sewel, from Lyons, Iowa, for a year. Rev. F. Lussky came in 1874, and had in his care, this charge and one at Round Grove, since independent with its own minister. In 1904 a neat brick church was built on Third avenue, Sterling. Rev. Louis Gressens, pastor for thirteen years, was educated at Milwaukee, Wis., and Springfield, Illinois. There are 48 members. The church belongs to the Missouri Synod. Above the door is the name, Ev. Lutherische Kirche.

St. Paul'S German Lutheran

On First avenue is this chaste white frame building, the Swedish Lutheran remodeled. The membership of fifty families withdrew from the Rock Falls church as they lived on the Sterling side of the river, and decided to have their own house of worship. A few families live in the country. A small Sunday school of which L. Janssen is superintendent. Rev. Adolph Kurtz, who accepted the charge in 1908, is a young gentleman of scholarly attainments and preaches very fluently in both German and English. He was born in Berlin, Germany, educated in this country, was formerly a pastor of the German Lutheran church at Geneva, 111., and for the past four years has been connected with the Lutheran church at Mineola, Iowa. There are the usual ladies' aid and young people's societies.

The Evangelical Church

The first services of this society were held in the old courthouse, then in the third story of the hearse factory, until a small house was bought and moved to the site of the present church on Fifth street and Fifth avenue, about 1870. In 1873-4 the new church was erected, during the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Keller. An extended list of ministers, none of them remaining long, Dingle, Eller, Burkhardt, Mohr, Hafele, Thoren, Shultz, Dinen, Knapp, Kadel. About 1890 a controversy arose between the bishops, which nat- urally was taken up by the friends of the opposing wings, and there was a secession, like the Free Kirk in Scotland in 1843 led by Thomas Chalmers. The society remaining in possession of the original building call themselves the Evangelical Association, and their local church, Zion. Rev. I. H. Hauptfuehrer, the pastor, was born in Ohio, studied at Naperville, and after due theological course, entered the ministry, and before his present charge, labored in Kansas and Missouri. This is his second year. There are 80 members. 68 in the Sunday school, twenty in the Christian Endeavor. There is also a mission band, ladies' aid, and a woman's home and foreign missionary society.

The seceders were organized into the United Evangelical church, and in 1891 erected a chaste frame edifice, corner Third street and Fifth avenue, where they have since maintained regular service. With its two porches, Trinity church has a pleasant rustic effect, no suggestion of the spire or pointed arch. The pastor, Rev. Samuel Carson, born in Belfast. Ireland, studied at Moody Bible Institute and Northwestern University, and was pastor of Garden City Mission, Chicago. His third year here. In the ministry since 1898. There are 100 members, a Sunday school of seventy, and Endeavor league, a mission band, and a woman's missionary society. According to Dr. Carroll's table of the numerical strength of the various denominations for 1907. the Evangelical Association in the United States has 103.525 members. The Catholics head the list with eleven millions, and the Methodists come second with over three millions.

In March, 1908, Mr. Carson of Trinity Evangelical church, accepted a call to South Haven, Mich., and a farewell reception was tendered to Rev. and Mrs. S. Carson at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Scott Wise and at the same time a reception was tendered to Rev. Lindenmyer, the new pastor of Trinity church. The double reception was attended by a very large number of people and the evening was delightfully spent.

German Baptist Brethren Church

The first successful mission work done in Sterling by the German Baptist Brethren was in a series of meetings held during the winter of 1888 in an empty store room on the south side of Third street between First and Second avenue, by George Zollers of Mt. Carroll and Daniel M. Miller of Milledgeville, who came here by the request of H. S. Hoak, who was a firm believer in the faith of the Brethren church. His son, I. F. Hoak, was the first convert during that series of meetings, and the first member of the Sterling Brethren church baptized in Rock river at the foot of Sixth avenue by Elder George Zollers.

H. S. Hoak, with the assistance of the elders of Franklin Grove congregation kept up the meetings weekly in different localities in the city until finally through the kindness of the Lutheran congregation, a lease of their church was given, to be used every Sunday afternoon by the brethren.

March 15, 1890, H. S. Hoak began soliciting funds for a Brethren church in Sterling and it is sufficient to say he met with great success. On April 29, 1890, he made his report to the mission board, who decided to furnish all that was lacking to build the church. A lot, known as the Manahan lot. located on the west side of Sixth avenue between Fifth and Sixth streets was secured, and the church built thereon, Samuel Horning of Malvern, 111., was the contractor and builder. June 29, 1889, the church was finished and occupied. July 28, 1891, Rev. P. R. Keltner of Lena, 111., was secured to take charge of the mission. July 16, 1892, a committee of elders, appointed by the Mission Board of Northern Illinois, met in council at church with the members. Said committee was composed of Edmond Forney, Levi Trostle, and George D. Zollers with Edmond Torney as moderator and' Levi Trostle as secretary. As a final result of said council, the organization was completed with Elder Daniel Dierdorff of Franklin Grove as presiding elder; Rev. P. R. Keltner of Lena, 111., as pastor; Ira F. Hoak, Sterling, 111., clerk; and Delia Keltner, treasurer. The new organization was called the Sterling Brethren church.

The congregation increased until it outgrew its quarters. May 23, 1901, it was decided to move the house to its present location and build an addition, which was done. The dedicatory services were held Nov. 10, 1901.

The Sterling church being declared self-supporting. Elder P. R. Keltner resigned his eldership Aug. 25, 1905, and took charge of a mission in Rackford, 111. Deo. 31, 1908, Rev. Ezra Flory of Southern Ohio was chosen pastor of the Sterling church with Rev. John Heckman of Polo as presiding elder. Between March 25, 1907, and July 1, 1907, a fine parsonage was built on the church property. The present value of the Sterling Brethren church property is about ten thousand dollars and without any incumbrance. It is on Sixth avenue.

The enrollment, which at date of organization, was twenty-eight, has increased to about one hundred and fifty. Officers at present time are as follows: F. H. Slater, John Baker, George Whisler, trustees; Rev. John Heckman, presiding elder; Rev. Ezra Flory, pastor; George Whisler, Ira F. Hoak, Oliver Shumaker, F.H. Slater, Harvey Myers, John Gerdes, Samuel Myers, deacons; George Whisler, church clerk; F. H. Slater, treasurer.

The present officers of the Sunday school, organized in 1897, are: Ira F. Hoak, superintendent; Samuel Myers, assistant superintendent; John Baker, secretary; Oliver Shumaker, treasurer; Jennie Hoak, chorister; Clara Wolf, assistant chorister ; Katie Shumaker, Sunday school missionary ; enrollment about one hundred and twenty-five. Tributary to the Sunday school is the Home Department, membership fifty, with Mrs. Geo. Whisler as president and Katie Shumaker as assistant.

Jan. 1, 1905, a Christian Workers' society was organized with Jennie Hoak as president; Bertha Dutchers, secretary; Sadie Buckley, treasurer; and Clara Wolf, chorister. Present officers are: Mrs. Alice Suter, president; Jennie Hoak, secretary; Clara Hoak, treasuer; Clara Wolf, chorister. Enrollment at present time, fifty.

Sterling Churches In 1875

Nothing shows so vividly the changes of time as old newspapers. They have history just as it happened day by day. A semi-weekly Gazette of 1875 has the following:

Church Directory

Baptist Church. - Market-st., north of Central Park. Rev. J. T. Mason, Pastor. Services Sunday at 10:30 a. m. and 7 p. m. Prayer meeting at 6:30 p. m. Sunday school at 12 m. ; J. T. Mason, Superintendent. Young people's prayer meeting Monday at 7 p. m. General prayer meeting Thursday at 7 p. m.

Congregational Church. - Spruce, between Third and Fourth-sis. Rev. S. D. Belt, Pastor. Services Sunday at 10:30 a. m. and 7 p. m. Sunday school at 12 m. ; R. B. Witmer, Superintendent. Young people's prayer meeting Sunday at 6 p. m. General prayer meeting Thursday at 7 p. m.

Fourth-st. M. E. Church. - Corner of Fourth and A-sts. Rev. J. H. More, Pastor. Services Sunday at 10 :45 a. m. and 7 p. m. Sunday school at 12 m. ; M. S. Bowman, Superintendent. Prayer meeting Thursday evening at 7 o'clock. Young people's meeting Monday at 7 p. m.

Broadway M. E. Church. - Corner Broadway and Fourth-sts. Rev. J. Bush, Pastor. Services Sunday at 10 :30 a. m. and 7 p. m. Sunday school at 12 :20 p. m. ; J. H. Lamb, Superintendent. Prayer meeting Thursday evening at 7.

Presbyterian Church. - Corner Fourth and Pine-sts. Rev. N. H. G. Fife, Pastor. Services Sunday at 10:45 a. m. and 7 p. m. Sunday school at 9:30 a. m. ; T. A. Slaymaker, Superintendent. Prayer meeting Thursday at 7 p. m.

Church of the Sacred Heart (German Catholic). - Corner Seventh and Mulberry-sts. Rev. A. Urban, Pastor. Sendees Sunday at 8 and 10:30 a. m. and 7 p. m. Sunday instruction at 2 :30 p. m. Mass each day at 8 a. m.

Lutheran Church. - Seventh-st., between Spruce and Market-sts. Rev. E. Brown, Pastor. Services Sunday at 10:30 a. m. and 7 p. m. Sunday school at 12 m. Prayer meeting Thursday evening at 7 o'clock.

Evangelical Association (German). - Rev. M. Eller, Pastor. Services Sunday at 10:30 a. m. and 7 p. m. Sunday school at 12 m. ; C. Eisele, Superintendent. Prayer meeting Wednesday at 7 p. m.

Grace Church (Episcopal). - Corner Mulberry and Fourth-sts. Rev. Herbert Root, Pastor. Services Sunday at 10:30 a. m. and 7 p. m. Sunday school at 12 m., superintended by the pastor.

St. Patrick's Church (Irish Catholic). - Corner Spruce and Sixth-sts. J. Daly, Pastor. Services Sunday at 8:30 and 10:30 a. m. Vespers at 7 p. m. Mass every morning at 8 o'clock.

Christian Science

This is the newest of the societies in the city, dating only from June, 1904. They have no building, but meet in a hall. Different from other societies in having no pastor. The services consist of scripture reading, prayer, hymns, and selections from the accepted religious books. The principal figures in the services are the readers, a man reading certain passages from the bible, and a woman reading corresponding selections from Science and Health. A quarterly is issued by the publishing house in Boston, containing the bible passages and secular selections for the general use of the church, so that all the societies throughout the world use the same order on the same Sunday. There is a general subject about which the scripture lessons are grouped. For instance, the subject for April 12, 1908, is "Are Sin, Disease, and Death Real?" Under this comes for responsive reading Isaiah 56 and 57, and the citations from the bible are 2 Samuel 22, Isaiah 25, Psalm 94, Proverbs 28. In the manual before us for April, May, June, 1908, are given the topics for each Sunday's consideration in the quarter. While some are apparently simple, like "Soul and Body," others suggest a field of profound inquiry, like "Is the Universe, including man, evolved by atomic force?"

The hymnal also issued by the Boston publishing society contains 193 hymns with music. Among them are some of the favorites of the universal church, as "Abide with Me," "Joy to the World," "Nearer, My God, to Thee," "Onward, Christian Soldiers," "Watchman, Tell Us of the Night," "Guide Me, 0 Thou Great Jehovah." A solo is given at every service.

The membership of the society varies. Not so large as usual just now on account of the removal of several families from the city. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Bencus and Mr. and Mrs. Walter Haskell are prominent members of the society.

The readers are chosen by the society and cannot hold office longer than three years. The present persons in that position are Walter Haskell and Mrs. Nehrhood. The two great sacraments of the church are observed, but not in the usual manner of symbols. No water is used in baptism, no bread and wine in the Lord's supper. These are material, and it is held that these ordinances should have a purely spiritual significance. Members on application for admission to the church must answer suitable questions, which, as well as other requirements are set forth in a small manual provided for the use of the society.

Perry'S Training Class

Over twenty years George P. Perry, druggist of Sterling, has conducted a class for the study of the bible and the best methods of teaching. It has generally met in one of the churches. The sessions are held weekly during the winter months, and at the close written examinations are often given. Once Prof. H. M. Hamill was present and made an address. During the winter of 1907-08 the class completed a term's work in Brumbaugh's "The . Making of a Teacher." Sixteen members of the cla*s took a written test, the results of which were highly gratifying to the class leader. After the examination ML=S Mary Hey, in the name of the class, presented Mr. Perry with four volumes of Rev. George Matheson's books, to remind him of the appreciation and respect which the class has for their faithful and efficient instructor. Mr. Perry, in his courteous manner, thanked the givers for the pleasant surprise.

Science Ridge Mennonite Church

Two or three miles north of Sterling on a cross street between the Freeport and Hoover roads stands a white frame building in which one branch of the followers of Simon Menno worship. The congregation was organized in 1859. Jacob Snavely, John Hendricks, and Jacob Heckler formed the first board of trustees. The first minister was Benjamin Hershey. The present pastor is Rev. Aaron C. Good. The membership is 150. A good Sunday school. Much interest in missions, assisting in the support of the foreign work in India, and at home in -Chicago, Kansas City, Fort Wayne, Philadelphia, and Toronto. Charities are not neglected. An old people's home in Ohio and at Lancaster, Pa., an orphanage at West Liberty, Ohio, a sanitarium at La Punta, California, and a college at Goshen, Indiana. Besides the regular church conference, a Sunday school and bible conference is held each year, and a general conference convenes every two years. A board of missions and charities, and ' a board of education have full control of the institutions. Hitherto the church literature has been published by private parties, but now a movement is on foot for the church to do its own printing. The old doctrines are maintained that have been peculiar to this denomination for three hundred years. Menno died in 1561. They believe in affirming, not taking an oath. They are opposed to law suits, to performing military service, to holding public office, to taking life insurance, to secret societies. Baptism only upon confession of faith. Foot washing is observed as a religious rite, and simplicity in dress for men and women. Of all branches of this faith this is most progressive and in harmony with other Protestant bodies. As a people, they love the soil, and the most flourishing farming communities anywhere are controlled by the Mennonites and the Amish. These sects are the backbone of the agricultural industry of Lancaster county in Pennsylvania, and are doing their part toward the rural prosperity of Whiteside.

Adjoining the modest church is the graveyard where many of the plain people of early days are resting. They were the grandfathers and mothers of the present generation. Here lies Jacob and Barbara Snavely, the Landis family, Hecklers, Ebersoles, Rutts, Kreiders, Eshlemans, Kehrs, Jacob and Mrs Hendricks, Millers, Royers, Frys, Myers. Many of these were born in Lebanon, Lancaster, and other counties of eastern Pennsylvania, and coming here in middle life, grew old in transforming the virgin prairies into homes of comfort and happiness.

The First National Bank

The First National Bank of Sterling, Illinois, was organized in 1870, as No. 1717, with a capital of $100,000. Formal articles of association, as required by law, were adopted September 15, 1870, being signed by William A. Sanborn, Decius 0. Coe, Lorenzo Hapgood, James M. Wallace and John S. Miller. On that date the first shareholders' meeting was held, electing as first board of directors the five persons above named. The certificate of final organization bears date October 8, 1870, and was signed by John Jay Knox, Acting Comptroller of the Currency, the capital stock having been previously paid in full. The bank's first charter expired September 15, 1890, and was extended for a further period of twenty years, by a certificate of succession, dated August 20, 1890, signed by E. S. Lacey, Comptroller of the Currency.

From the beginning The First National Bank of Sterling met with a favorable reception by the people. The community had outgrown its banking facilities ; and there was urgent need of a strong bank with ample capital.

The bank began business in the small building, previously occupied by Mr. Sanborn as a private bank, located on the west half of the lot where the bank now stands. Shortly after, at a meeting of the directors held December 3, 1870, the building, lot and bank furniture, were purchased of Mr. Sanborn.

It soon became apparent that more room was needed to accommodate the rapidly increasing business. Accordingly more ground was purchased on the east, adjoining the lot bought of Mr. Sanborn. And in the fall of 1874 work was begun on a new bank building. While the new bank building was in process of construction, the business of the bank was carried on in the Harvey building, at No. 112 East Third Street. In the latter part of January, 1875, the bank moved into its new quarters, occupying the west half of the new building - the east half having been rented to Hagey & Son for a jewelry store. Later, in December, 1900, the room occupied as a jewelry store was remodeled, and a new safety deposit vault added, thus doubling the space previously occupied by the bank.

Again in 1906, feeling the need of a more modern building, and better equipped banking rooms, it was decided to remodel and rebuild the old building, which had done good service for over thirty-one years. Accordingly, on September 4, 1906, the work of remodeling and rebuilding began. The undertaking was accomplished without seriously interfering with the business of the bank. The new building is an attractive structure architecturally, with fine interior finishings, and thoroughly modern equipments. Ample provision was made for enlargement of the business of the bank. The vaults are also protected by an electric burglar alarm.

Since its organization, the bank has had but two presidents, and three cashiers. John S. Miller, Sr., was its first president, serving in that capacity until his death, which occurred February 27, 1874. Soon after his death, his son, John S. Miller, was elected president, and has continued to hold that office up to the present time.

Of the three cashiers, William A. Sanborn held the office from the organization of the bank in 1870, until his death, Otcober 24, 1901. On October 29, 1901, Henry Green was elected cashier, holding the office for about a year, when he resigned. He was succeeded by Thomas S. McKinney, who died July 1, 1905. Upon the death of Mr. McKinney, Mr. Green was again elected cashier, and still holds that office.

The First National Bank of Sterling ranks among the strongest and most substantial banking institutions of the state; and every effort is made by its officers and directors to keep its standard up to the highest. With its capital stock of $100,000, it has accumulated a surplus of $100,000 and undivided profits of nearly $50,000.

it has never failed to recognize it.s duty to the community at large, by a just and liberal accommodation of its patrons, and an ever-courteous desire to deal fairly with all. The fact that it has served the public well, is shown by its rapidly increasing business. Ten years ago its deposits rarely exceeded $400,000, while, during the past five years they frequently have exceeded $1,000,000. And it is but fair to predict, from past prosperity, that the bank's greatest success and influence in the community, is yet to be realized.

The Sterling National Bank

March 25, 1882, application was made to the Comptroller of the Currency for the authority to organize a national bank. The application was signed by J. H. Lawrence, B. C. Church and Charles A. Reed. James R. Bell, Charles N. Russell, Abijah Powers and E. F. Lawrence were mentioned as associate stockholders with the applicants.

The following persons were the stockholders at the time of organization : James R. Bell, James Dinsmoor, Aaron A. Wolfersperger, Edgar G. Baum, Charles N. Russell, John Wolfersperger, Edwin F. Lawrence, Adam Smith, Charles A. Reed, Bradford C. Church and John H. Lawrence.

This board of directors organized by the election of B. C. Church as president and Charles A. Reed as cashier. The capital was paid in on May 15, 1882, and the bank began business.

In September, 1883, Bradford C. Church, President, died and his son, E. G. Chvirch, was elected to fill vacancy in the board of directors, and James R. Bell was elected president.

At the stockholders' meeting in January, 1889, the names of Abijah Powers and E. F. Lawrence were added to the directory, taking the places on the board formerly occupied by E. G. Church and Chas. A. Reed.

In January, 1891, Fred Simonson was elected a director and continued ft member of the board for six years. W. J. Bell was elected a director in January, 1894, to fill vacancy caused by the death of Adam Smith.

In 1902 John H. Lawrence, who had been cashier for over fifteen years, tendered his resignation in order to devote his attention to the already large and rapidly increasing manufacturing business of Lawrence Brothers.

C. H. Tuttle who had been employed as teller in the bank for several years was elected to succeed Mr. Lawrence and at once assumed the duties of the office.

Cashier Tuttle tendered his resignation Oct. 24, 1904, to take effect Jan. 1, 1905, and same being duly accepted he retired from the business at the last mentioned date.

Samuel G. Crawford succeeded Mr. Tuttle as cashier and his name with that of Paul T. Gait was added to the list of directors about the same time.

In June, 1905, James R. Bell who had been president of the bank since 1883 died and John H. Lawrence wras elected to fill the vacancy. Since the election of Mr. Lawrence to the presidency there have been no changes of officers or directors.

At this time the bank has a capital of $100,000, a surplus of $100,000, and undivided profits of $25,000 and $600,000 of deposits. Besides accumulating the present surplus and undivided profits the bank 'has paid semiannual dividends satisfactory to the stockholders.

At this time, in addition to the cashier, the bank employs an obliging and competent force consisting of Harry R. Trudo, Teller; John Royer, Assistant Teller; Walter Reed, Bookkeeper; and Arthur J. Becker, Collector.

The State Bank Of Steeling

The youngest of our financial institutions has its quarters in the former postoffice, corner Locust street and Fourth. Capital, $50,000. Organization was effected Oct. 16, 1905, by F. Heflebower, C. E. Windom, John M. Kohl, J. Frank Wahl, J. H. Gray and August Frank. Charter was granted in 1906, and business began Jan. 24 of that year. Accounts of Gait's savings bank were assumed Jan. 1, 1908. Money is loaned on real estate, and a general banking business is carried on. The directors consist of N. G. Van Sant, C. E. Windom, F. A. Grimes, Fernandus Jacobs, John M. Kohl, J. Frank Wahl, J. H. Gray, of Morrison, the others belong to Sterling. Van Sant is president, C. E. Windom vice president, F. Heflebower is cashier. He is an Ogle county man. Fred B. Frerichs is teller and bookkeeper. The rooms of the old postoffice were completely remodeled, hard wood partitions and furniture installed, and the place presents a light and attractive appearance. The directors are among our conservative and substantial citizens, and a good business is already secured.

The Street Railway

Everything comes to him who waits, and there was general rejoicing when the first car rolled through third street 011 the afternoon of May 5, 1904. Franchises had been secured once or twice before, surveys made, and even rails laid, but the projects were given up. But it was reserved for Edward Higgins to carry the enterprise to a successful completion. The railway runs from Main street in Dixon to the end of Fourth street in Sterling, passing through Prairieville and Gap Grove in Lee county, and following for the most part the common highway between Dixon and Sterling. Sign boards advertise regular stations through the country where passengers are received. The interurban cars leave Dixon and Sterling every hour, the smaller cars run in each city every twenty minutes. In Dixon a spur leads from the main line to the Assembly grounds. The fare is 25 cents from Sterling to Dixon, five cents in Sterling. The ride in summer between the two cities presents views of a charming landscape with fertile fields, verdant valleys, attractive homes, and all the tokens of a rich agricultural district. The full name is Sterling, Dixon and Eastern Electric Railway.

A brick power house with dynamos installed was erected in the first ward near the river, but was soon discontinued, as it was found that the motive power could be secured cheaper at Dixon by using electricity developed by water power at the dam.

Sterling Gas And Electric Light Company

The city has two kinds of illumination, the gas works, constructed in 1870, and the electric plant, in 1890. The Chicago office at 184 La Salle St., the Sterling office on East Fourth. Elmer Crawford is resident manager. In 1;he city are 19 arc lights, and 245 incandescent, for which the monthly bill is $439.78. The city hall in addition is $19.20. Most private houses use the gas for cooking, and in the new residences electricity is installed for lighting, as well as in the stores and churches. The price of gas is $1.35 per thousand with a discount for cash of 20 per cent. In electric light, kilo watts at 16 cents.

Galt-Brookfield Hospital

In November, 1907, Mrs. Helen M. Brookfield tendered the Thomas A. Gait homestead on West Third street to the people of Sterling and Rock Falls provided they raised an endowment fund of $10,000. The property U con sidered ideal for the purpose. The house was built in 1871 by Thomas A. Gait at a cost of nearly $25,000,. and could not be duplicated today for less than $40,000. The elegant residence with the adjoining grounds is valued at $50,000, and is one of the best and most desirable locations for a hospital in either city.

The house is large and roomy, and has a sloping terraced lawn. There are two rooms which could be made into wards without any remodeling whatever. One of these rooms is 40x30 feet and the other 30x30, and twelve beds could be installed in these wards. There are several other rooms in the residence which could be fitted up very easily for wards. The library would make a splendid office.

The house is a four-story structure, and has a fine south frontage which has all the requirements of a hospital, such as sunlight and air. The kitchen and large laundry are located in the basement. One of the physicians of the city stated that should the people of the city build a new building they could not plan it better for a hospital than the residence given by Mrs. Brookfield.

The interior is finished in the most expensive solid walnut which is highly polished. The house has recently been repaired and remodeled at a cost of several thousand dollars. The cost of additional remodeling to put the house in condition for a hospital would be very light.

Preliminary steps have already been taken to start the charity on its beneficent mission. A board of directors was elected whose officers are A. A. Wolfereperger, president; W. J. Doherty, vice president; R. L. Halsted, secetary, and John Royer, treasurer. The board of physicians is composed of Doctors A. C. Smith, S. S. Kehr and S. A. Allen.

Liberal offers of assistance have been made. Manager M. C. Ward of the Academy of Music has offered the use of the Academy one night in each year for the benefit for a hospital fund; Mrs. Electa E. Smith of Washington, D. C., whose home for many years was in Sterling and who always has taken great interest in the old soldiers, has offered to furnish a room to be known as the old soldiers' room for the use of the G. A. R., U. S. W. V. and their families.

Substantial citizens stand ready to contribute liberally. The ladies of the Presbyterian church held a Dutch Market, whose characteristic booths and wares attracted large crowds, and realized $300 for the hospital fund. Subscriptions are under way, and the endowment of $10,000 will be easily secured.

The City Hall

On the corner of Fourth street and First avenue stands the municipal building of Milwaukee brick with its square tower. On the third floor is the council chamber and the hall of the Grand Army; on the second, the police headquarters, the public assembly room, the firemen's chambers, and the Historical Society ; in the basement the station of the fire department and the lockup. The main equipment of the department consists of a hook and ladder wagon, a hose wagon, and several thousand feet of hose. Two heavy Norman horses, about 1,300 pounds, are ready to gallop, night or day, to the scene of destruction. John Gleason is janitor of the building and driver of the grays. There are twenty firemen connected with the city hall, and ten in the first ward with a small hose carriage in the upper barn. S. A. Stull is chief, and the alacrity with which the boys respond to an emergency call deserves a much higher compensation than the city allows, $60 per year. Fires, of course, are rare, but the position is no sinecure, for it means work and exposure when the call comes.

Among The Factories

Near the bridge are the new shops of the National Manufacturing Company, who make hardware specialties of standard sorts. It was founded by W. P. Benson and Louis Bittorf, both former employes of the Messrs. Lawrence. Six years ago they began business in a little three-story building, fifty by seventy feet and in 1907 they completed a new shop four stories high and have a floor space of 45,000 feet. They employ nearly a hundred men and their trade has extended from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The capitalization is $200,000.

The Novelty Company on Wallace street turn out an elaborate assortment of iron hitching posts, lawn and cemetery vases, plumbers' supplies, stove repairs, and porcelain lined cylinders for iron and wooden pumps. A pay roll of fifty men, and a yearly product of $80,000.

Few persons know that Sterling is the home of the first gasoline engine, and the Charter Gas Engine Company gets its name from John Charter, who twenty-five years ago, solved the problem of operating an engine by vaporized gasoline. From the standard type from two and a half horse power to forty, the company make several other types such as marine engines, traction engines, wood sawing outfits, electric generators, both of direct and belt types, hoisters, and several styles of pumping engines and make many for special purposes. These engines are in use for at least 250 different purposes where power is required, from making baggage checks to milking cows. In the early nineties the firm sold the first engine ever put to the latter use and now have several operating in large dairies where they take the place of the old time milk maid and the hired man on the three legged stool. These engines are pushing yachts, making cob pipes, weaving wool and cotton, making fishing rods, pens, pop and lace.

The company employs about fifty men on the average, though at times the force in the shops has approached a hundred. The engines are sent to Mexico and South America.

On Wallace street is the only concern of the kind in the city, the Sterling Pattern Works, whose specialty is metal and wood patterns of all sizes and shapes. It makes patterns for local factories and inventor.-:, and has a large trade outside. It has just completed the making of a new gasoline marine engine of two, four and six horse power. The engine is single, double and triple cylinder variety, designed for pleasure boats. The engines were placed on the market and local owners state that they are as near perfection as possible, as they are light and durable and very powerful.

The Harrison Manufacturing company, the only company in the two cities making a specialty of all kinds of inside finishing for houses, churches, stores, etc., is located at the foot of Locust street on Mill street. It occupies

The company is engaged in the manufacture of all kinds of store fixtures, bank fixtures, drug store cases, display racks, interior fixtures for residences, in fact, make a specialty of making anything from wood.

The company has been in existence in this city for many years. During the busy seasons of the year is employs thirty men and during the dull season not less than eight men. It has an average pay roll of eighteen men. The men are skilled mechanics and their wages are. seldom less than $2.50 per day.

The most imposing establishment in the city is that of the Dillon-Griswold Wire Mill. The buildings, three stories high, cover three and one-half acres, and the floor space ten and one-half acres. The lofty smoke stacks are striking and ornamental. A large variety of wares like wire fence, poultry and garden, wire nails, barbed wire, bale ties, straight and cut wire, telephone wire, gates, are produced.

Over 2,555 tons of stove polish is made in Sterling every year. The two stove polish factories, the Black Silk company and the Sterling Stove Polish company, between them turn out over seven tons of polish each day of the 365 days of the calendar year. This amount of polish, when canned, makes a total of over 1,250,000 cans of the finished product.

The works of the two companies are large and commodious. The factory of the Black Silk Company is 60x124, two stories in height, with offices 15x30. The manufacturing rooms are 40x30 and the labeling rooms five feet longer. The shipping room and stock rooms are 124 feet in length by thirty in width. The upstairs is devoted to laboratory and storage. The works of the Sterling Stove Polish Company are 40x100 feet, two stories high, the entire building being devoted to the manufacture of the polish.

The third largest plant of its kind in the world is the Rock Falls Manufacturing Company, whose chief product is caskets and hearses, ambulances and undertakers' carriages.

The casket factory is on the east side of Third avenue and has a floor space of 27,000 feet. It is a three-story brick structure, 150 feet long and 60 feet wide. The engine and power house is attached to this building.

The hearse and carriage plant is located on the west side of the avenue and it occupies 27,430 square feet of floor space. Eighty-five men are steadily employed, and the goods have a high reputation and are in ready demand. The building occupied by the casket factory is the old Keystone Block, where Patterson and Witmer in the sixties did an enormous business in general merchandise. The factory was founded by Ed Brookfield, a young man of remarkable sagacity, who took a sickly venture and developed it into an immense success in a few years, but did not live to enjoy its prosperity.

Over a half century ago John Harpham began the harness business in a small shop, which gradually grew into a manufacturing and jobbing trade. In time his son, John L. Harpham, acquired an interest, the senior Harpham withdrew from active participation, and in 1903 the Harpham Saddlery Company was formed. A three-story brick was erected on Wallace street, with 21,600 feet of floor space all occupied. The factory is of modern construe- tion, being equipped with an electric elevator and electric motors to operate their various machines necessary in the business. They have three motors with a total capacity of twenty-five horse power which operate the stitchers and die machines and other appliances. There are between forty and fifty men employed steadily in the shops and there are five salesmen on the road with territory in Illinois, Iowa, Indiana and Wisconsin. The product of the factory for the past year has been equivalent to 10,000 sets of harness.

Within a year or two, one of the largest bakeries in the state, has been added to the city industries. When all the machinery is in motion, sixty barrels of flour will be turned daily into attractive food. The bread department has a capacity of 7,000 loaves per day. Much of the product is sold outside of the city in other towns in this part of the state and Iowa. The factory has floor space of 10,400 feet and the present number of employes is about thirty. It is expected this number will be increased in the near future to fifty or perhaps sixty, just as soon as the cracker department gets well under way. In the cracker factory there are forty barrels of flour consumed and a full line of crackers and cookies are being made, which, if packed in the ordinary sized cracker boxes would fill no less than 400 of them every working day. A part of this product, however, is packed in paper cartons and in tin biscuit boxes.

A feature of the baking department which has just been inaugurated is a domestic oven where skilled women bakers are in charge and are equipped to execute orders for fine cakes and pastry. All of the work in this department is on order and the phone keeps them busy.

The officers of the Sterling Steam Baking Company are F. B. Hubbard, president ; W. T. Egan, vice president and general manager, and B. P. Werntz, secretary and treasurer. Geo. W. Hill, late superintendent of the Western Baking Company at Portland Ore., is in charge as superintendent.

Without a tall factory or a big display in advertisements, the leather souvenir business of Scott Williams in five years has developed into a lively industry employing in the busy season forty people. He buys his tanned sheepskins' by the carload, and after they are cut into cards, his assistants exercise their taste in burning the pictures and making the letters. His trade covers the country, as he sells cards from Dakota to the Gulf, from New York to San Francisco. Amid the mass of these goods made everywhere, the stock of Mr. Williams stands number one. He has recently shipped orders to Cuba, but has been compelled to refuse further expansion of his business because he has found it impractical to expand with economy.

ice cream factories come to the rescue. The demand has steadily increased. "When Mr. Jackson began his business in Sterling in 1901 the local trade consumed 700 gallons a year, and every year this has increased until last summer he sold ten thousand gallons from his wagons direct to the people. For several years he has been turning 400,000 pounds of milk into the frozen dainty every year. This approximates 40,000 gallons of ice cream for the year and of this 10.000 gallons is consumed here. The remaining seventy-five per cent is disposed of in the territory north of Kewanee in Illinois outside of Chicago and west into Iowa as far as Mt. Yernon.

The smaller factory, the Peerless Company, has made rapid strides in two years, selling thousands of gallons at retail from the wagons. The total amount of ice cream made in factories in Sterling is close to sixty thousand gallons per annum and the winter demand is growing rapidly so that it is expected that there will soon be ample business to keep a factory in operation throughout the year.

Among the smaller industries that minister to the luxury of the stronger sex, is the cigar production. There are six factories in Sterling and Rock Falls, and the records of J. E. Harmon, secretary of the Cigar Makers' Union, show that in 1907 he issued 21,340 labels, each label meaning a box.

There are two grades of cigars made here - the five and ten cent grades. The cigars find a ready sale in most of the cases in the city, and each of the six factories also has in connection a retail store.

During the year 1907 there was a total of 1,092,000 cigars made in this city. It is estimated that the retail value of the cigars was $30,930.

The cigar manufacturers here give employment to twenty-eight men, the majority of whom are married and have families. The wages paid to cigar makers are high.

The following are the names of the factories in the two cities: Frank Cochran, Huber Brothers, E. Limond, J. E. Harmon, Williams & Elsasser and Alfred Pucklewartz.

The Sterling Broom Works turn out a daily output of twenty-four dozen brooms, making an annual output of 7,324 dozens or 94,088 brooms, having a retail value of $23,622.

At the foot of Locust street is the largest repairing establishment in the two cities, E. Bander, proprietor. He occupies his own building, which is thirty-five feet wide and 150 feet deep, built of stone and brick. The building is equipped with special machinery for doing iron and steel repairs and work of all kinds. Within the walls of the building there is housed the largest steel lathe between Chicago and Omaha.

Mr. Bander makes a specialty of building machines from patterns, also doing pattern work. During the past few years he has constructed the steel dredges for the Austin company of Chicago, making a number of the big machines.

Three dealers in marble and granite are prepared to furnish monuments. Fred Johnson and Henry Krohn confine their attention to local business, but Walter J. Moore fills orders far and wide, carrying the largest stock west of