Wheeling Township (part 1 of 5)

Wheeling Township

This village is locato<l ou the Milwaukee roiwl, sii ntilcs north tif Ocnplaines and four miles west of Shermcr SLutioii. In ls:J7 Wheeler & Uiinietg started a store here, and about the same time Joseph Filkins Opened u hotel. Jlr. Filkins also built the first hoasse in the place. The lumber was brought from Kcuui- COtft mill, about a mile south of Hair Day. A second hotel was opened about the year 1840, hv Ja-nes 1'arker. The post-odiee was eitablulied in l*i)o, with Jesepli Filktus for Postmaster. .Mr. Filkins was succeeded hv Charles Daniels, and he by J. L. HcDnfr. John If. Schaoffor was the next Postmaster, and then diaries vogt, Fred. Strvker and Charles Hinnmnr, each in turn, the latter lining the present official, appointed early in 1883. The "Hist blacksmith here was a Mr. Sliepmrd or Shepherd,* stated elsewhere, hi 1838; the second was Aslier (». Skinner, in the same vear, aud the third was E. K. Bench, recently deceased, iu 1>M2 or Is 13 A church, the onlv one iu the village, mi -noted in I8«8, by the Lutherans, at a cost of about -1»M0. It is a otie-story ftainc, with a short steeple. 1 liis village attained its present size i|uite a number cf J »s being m ni a n lr<md is not likeh grow very materially in the near fatal*. The chief events of importance in the recent history of the place have been the prosecution of various parties for the illegal selling of intoxicating drinks bv George Strong, one of the oldest settlers of the town erf Wheeling, aud a strong foe of intemperance. The village now contains two general stores, three blacksmith shops, one wagon shop, two shoe shops, one brewery, one physician, a Lutheran Church, and about «O0 inhabitants.

History Of Wheeling

LOl'lS FISCHER, wheelwright, was horn in Wheeling in 1H30, son of Louis uml Johaunah Fischer, who came lo Cook County in June. 1838, and located in Wheeling Township on a furin. His father died in October, 1875. ut the age of sUlyseven years. His mother is living, at the agcof seventy. Mr. Fischer in early life learned the trade of wheelwright. In 1 hi; l he enlisted in Company 1. Kith Illinois Volunteer Infantry, anil took part at Pittsburg I.an ling. Corinth, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, attcl other engagements. He was wounded at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and disabled from servico alwut two months. In June, 184H. he was mustered out ami returned to Wheeling, and bought the wheelwright shop of S. W. Rees. of whom he learned his trade. This business he has since followed. He was married in IWi to Miss .Sophia i'eriolet ; lhe> have had «cvn |.-i,-r., ~:\ now living - Julia. George, Keinhold, Edwin, itscar anil Irving. They an' Methodist, in religious faith. Mr. Fischer is a member of the Masonic fraternity, A. F. & A. M., Virtruvius Lodge, No. HI, of whieh he ha* been secretary for thirteen consecutive years. He luis been trustee for the school fund for nine years, and school director for four years.

JACOB FUITSCII, farmer, I'. O Wheeling, was bora in Germany in 183ti, son ol Daniel and Susan Fritseh. He came to L'ook County with his parents in 1841, who located on the farm w hen- Mr. Fritseh now n-sides; his father is living, at scvenly-seveu. He owns 134 acres of land, and is engaged in farming ami dairying. In I85W he was married lo Miss Magdelena. daughter of Christian and I'rsnla Schaffer; they have three children - Daniel K., RoberUi. and Anna A. They are attendants of the Prcsbvterian Church at Wheeling. Mr. Fritseh was Constable of (Wheeling for six >ears. school director for I went v fears, and is now Justice of tin- Peace and notary public. He ha* held these offices for twelve years, and is a director of the Xorthfteld Mutual Insurance Company and a member of the Will.er .Mercantile Collection Agency, ct Chicago, and w.is Tux Collector of Wheeling for five vears.

CO SHAD MILLER, farmer. P. 0. Wheeling, wi in Germany in 1828, Mil of Jacob and Catharine Miller. He BMM lO Cool Countv in 1837 with his parents, who located in Wheeling Township atid engaged in farming until theirdealhs. hi' father in 1 S-"i 7. at the agcof sixty-four, ami his mother in 187:!. at the same age. .Mr. Miller learned the trade of a shoemaker in early life and followed thai business for about thirtysix vears. lie worked in Chicago until 1800, when he noted to Wheeling Township and located OB the farm where hi- now reside", containing eighty-four acres, one and a half miles from Wheeling, when' he has since been engaged in farming in connection wj|h his trade He was married in 184H to Miss Lydia Holmes, daughter of John and Helen Holmes, natives of Kngland, and carlv settlers in Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have eight children - Minnie M.. Isaac A., Charles S.. Thomas*;.. Frank !!., Medoru A., Lillie K. and Willie C. He is a member nf Hie Masonic fraternity, A. F. & A. M., \ irtruvms Lodge. No. 81. and has been Collector and trustee of the school rund for Wheeling for six years, and school director

M.^M'CFI'AT, phvsician and surgeon, was born in Munich, Havana, in 18.50, son of Carl and Teresa Muftal. He was educated at (he Maximilian Ludwlg University, of Munich, completing his course in 180U He was one year in the sanitarv corps of the German Army. In the fall nf 1800 he came to America, and after a short residence in Chicago located at Menominee, Wis., and engaged in practice. In 18,1 he remo* in] lo IVshtigo, Wis., and was (here during the great tire of that vear that destroyed the entire village; then went to iT.icago'ami engaged in'the drug business. In 1872 he was appointed manager of the drug depart mi nt of the Orrman A-d Society, and was in charge of the German and American Dispensary : then established the drug business of M. Jl tiff at & Co. In" 1S7!> he took a course at the Hush Medical College, in the spring of 187« locating in Wheeling, his practice extending tn some of the neighboring towns. Mr. Moffat was married in 1878 to Miss Minnie Sigwalt. They have two children - Carrie and Maximilian. He is a member of the Catholic Church.

A. W. PEET. farmer. P. 0. Wheeling, was horn in ( tyatrading post at Riverside, then known as Loughton's Place. The next springthey settled on Mr. Peel's present farm, which contains 1!I7 ceres. His father died in 1H.">2, aged sixty-one years; his mother, in 18111. aged fifty-one. Mr. Pect married, in 1810, 'ih- -- Uibj .1. Hewitt, daughter of Robert and Uetse) Hewitt. They have hail ten children, seven now living - Franklin, Edwin* C, Robert K., William E., Louise, Kdward Ij. and Emniu U. He is a member of Virtruvius Lodge, No. 81. A. F. & A. M. He bus been twenty years a member of I he school board, and served four years as Justice of the

GENERAL LEWIS PEET *s< born in Connecticut in 1791. When i|uitc a small bov he moved to Vermont. He served as a private soldier in the Warof 1812, and participated in the lmttl<- of Plattslmrg. In 181H he moved to Ohio, settling In Cuyahoga I omit v, where he worked at the blacksmith trade in connect inn with farming. He was here made a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Sheriff of the county. He moved to Illinois in October, 1833, and took up his claim 'in \V heeling Township in December of the same year. He held a commission as General in the Ohio Militia. lie was the first Justice of the Peace of the precinct which included what is now Wheeling Township, and he was the Town Clerk of Wheeling after the organization of

J. G. SCHNF.IDKI!. veterinary surgeon, was born in the province of Rhine, Prussia, in 1827. son of John X. and Bra Schneider. He was educated for a veterinary surgeon, and served five and a half Mars in the Prussian Army. In 1H.V? he .ami- to America and located in Wheeling, Cock County, where he has since resided, engaged in the practice of his profession. He is also an insurance agent; he has the agency of the Milwaukee Mechanics' Mutual, the Addison Farmers' Mutual, of Du Page County, and the Roekford Insurance companies. Ho was married, in 1853, to Miss Maria Bier; thev have nine children - George. Kdward. Keinhold, Carl. Ma'rv. Annie. Amelia, F.innia and Alma. He is a meml>er of' the Wheeling Presbyterian Church. He has la-en Assessor of Wheeling for twenty years and school director for

A. G. SKINNER, farmer. P. t). Wheeling. wusWii in Middlesex Countv. N. J., in 181«. *on of John and Elisabeth Skinner. He eaine to Cook Countv in 183H, and located in eastern Wheeling Township, where he engaged in blacksmithing for four vears. then moved on the farm where he now resides, containing 270 acres, and has since followed farming and blacksmithing. He was married in 1838 to Ml«8 Eliza .lane Huff, daughter «f Johnson andJennelt llulT. They have had seven children, four now living - Kmma Jennett 11., Elirabe!h J. and Clara E. R. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Skinner is a member of the Masonic fratcrnilv. A. F. & A. M.

GEORGE STRONG. Jr., fanner. P. Wheeling, was born in Wheeling in 1840, son of George and Catharine Strong, and was brought upon (he farm where he now resides, being ihe old homestead when- his father settles! in 1831. lie was married) >" '° Miss Fannv E. lt-»ch, daughter of

Samuel A. and Eliza Reach; they have had live children, four of whom are living - John W.. Callie A.. Georgi- A. and l-anny M. Mr. Strong and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a steward and trustee of the same. Mr. Strong is a member of Virtnivins Lislge. V:. 81, A. F. & A. M. lie has been Assessor and Collector of the town of Wheeling, and a member of the school board for eighteen ears.

CHARLES VOGT. merchant, was born near Hcsse-Cassel. (iermanv. in 1835, son of William and Catharine Vogt. lie came toCook County in 1845. and helped his father on a farm in Wheeling Township, for ten years, lb; then engaged as salesman for .1. M. Schaffer for four vears; then, in company with his father, bought the business, in four vears purchasing his father's interest, and from that time until 1881 he earned on the business alone. In that year he formed a partnership with Kmel Sigwalt, and the business is now conducted under the firm name of Vogt &. Sigwalt. They carry a full slock of general merchandise. Mr. Vogt was married, in 1857, to Miss Josephine, daughter of Napolean and Salome Periolatc; they have had three children, all deceased. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church: is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. A. F. & A. M., Virtruvius Lodge, No. 81. and has been Town Clerk and school director, lie has been Postmaster and Doputv of Wheeling for twenty-four consecutive years.

History Of Hyde Park

Bounimriks and Extf.nt. - The act of incorpora- then Indiana Avenue to One Hundred and Thirtytion, approved February 20, 1 861, separated the town eigth Street; and One Hundred and Thirty-eighth of Hyde Park from the town of Lake, and made the Street, and the Calumet River, from Indiana Avenue town of Hyde l'ark to comprise: all of fractional Sec- to the Illinois Central Railroad bridge on the south, tions 2, 11, 12, 13, 24; the east half of Sections 3, 10, Government. - The government of Hyde Park was 15, 22, 27, 34; all of Sections 14, 23, 25, 26, 35, 36, in at first merged in that of the town of Lake, and a Township 38 north. Range 14 cast; also fractional joint commission was the regnant power. But upon Sections, 19, 29, 30, 32 and Section 31, all in Town- Febiuary 20, 1861, the town of Hyde Park was incorihip 38 north. Range 15 east; any of the territory porated by act of the Legislature, and on April «, "herein described" that heretofore formed part of the tS6i, the first town meeting was held at the railroad town of Lake, forms no part thereof by this act, etc. station of the Illinois Central Railroad, known as This territory was the district bounded by Thirty- Hyde Park station, which then stood east of the track, ninth Street on the north ; by Grand Boulevard, or and about on the north line of Fifty-third Street, for South Park Avenue, on the west ; by Lake Michigan the purpose of electing officers. Of this meeting Erason the cast, and by Eighty-seventh Street on the south, tus S Williams was elected chairman pro tern.; War- Under the amenced charter of March 5, iSfj;, the town run S. Bogue was chosen moderator, and Abraham of Hyde Park embraced all that part of Township liockee was chosen clerk pro /em.; to Bogue and 38 north, Range 14 cast, lying east of the west line of Bockee the oaths were administered by Henry Brooks, Sections 3. 10, 15, 22.27, 34; all of Township 38 a notary public, and the clerk proclaimed the ballots north, Range 15 east; also all that part of Township open. Levi Ulackwcll was chosen Overseer of High* 37 north, Range 14 east, lying east of the west line of ways, and it was resolved that there be but one Pound Sections 3, 10, 15, 22, 27, 34; also all of Township 37 in the town, and that situated at Woodlawn, as near north. Range 15 east. This made the eastern bound- the railroad station as practicable. The polls were ary Lake Michigan and the State line of Indiana; the closed at 6:45 p M-< and lne following were found to northern. Thirty -ninth Street; the southern, One have been voted for : Hundred and Thirty-eighth Street, and the Indian Aor Sitpenwr.-

Township 37 ; and thence north along said west line .( M { aw drew lhc one ...car commissionerof Section 34. and the aforesaid west line ot .section > fildd|e<on the two-vear, and Bosworth that for

State Street to thc Calunut River, then the Calumet to A ' (;rand Boulevard, Fifty-fifth and Eightythe center line of One Hundred and hirtath Stree jtreett; Oisirict No. 3. by Stony Island Aveextended, then the eastern line of the Illinois Central . ^ 1&6J Pltrick streets and Lake being Grand Boulevard, Eighty-seventh Street, Thirty-ninth Street and Lake Michigan. The poll tax list for each of these districts will give the best data of the inhabitants of Hyde Park at that period.

1862. - Elected: Paul Cornell, supervisor; George W Wane town clerk; John McGlashen, assessor; Charles H. Atkins, collector; John W. Merrill , pound master; P. 5 lM<:rnhcw> ovc«eer of the poor; commissioners of highways-Frederick Bosworth, one year; John Middleton, two years; Prentis Law, three years; Malcolm lackard, constable. Overseers of highways appointed: John McGlashen, District No. ,; William R- Sluyter, District No. 2 ; Levi Blackwell, District 1N0. 3.

William R. Sluyter* collector; Frederick Bosworth commissioner of highways; Asahel Otis and Ithael S Richardson, justices of the peace; Alexander Nelson and Adam Niep, constables, appointed, Levi Blackwell.

1867. - Elected: Hiram M. Higgins, supervisor- George M. Bogue, town clerk; George W. Waite, or; Enos S. Brown, collector; Levi Blackwell, missioner of highways; Edward Maud, constable. Overseer of highways appointed, Levi Blackwell.

Upon April 8, 1867, the first meeting of the board of trustees under the amended town charter was held, whereat were present : Hiram M. Higgins, supervisor; George W. Waite, assessor; Enos S. Brown, collector: and James Wadsworth and Levi Blackwell, the two latter becoming members of the board by virtue of section three of the amended charter, which provides that, together with the supervisor, collector and assessor, the two commissioners of highways having the longest and shortest term shall constitute the board of trustees until the next annual town meeting. Upon April 22, 1867, the office of superintendent of public works was created and George W. Waite was appointed.f On May 13, 1867, the position of corporation counsel was made, and James P. Root appointed thereto; on June 3, .867, the office was abolished.

1868. - Hiram M. Higgins, supervisor; George M. Bogue. town clerk ; George W. Waite, assessor; James H. Ely, collector; John D. Wright, constable; trustees. F. P. Van Wyck. one year; C. M. Cady (presides), one year; Elam G. Clark, two years; Michael Doyle, two years.

1869. - Norman C. Perkins, supervisor; George W. Waite, assessor; James H. Ely, collector; R. II. Middleton, town clerk ; John D. Wright and Abram Kicinman, constables. Trustees: C. M. Cady, (president), S. A. Do.vner; Clark and Doyle held ovcr.i

History Of Hydeipark

* 87.1 - 74. - Eugene C. Long, supervisor; Joseph H. Gray, assessor; James H. Ely, collector; Charles E. Pope, town clerk; George L. Ford. Daniel H. Home, Martin Hoogbruin,* Charles E. Recs.f justices of the peace; Cornelius Kuyper.J Patrick F. Ryan, John P. Reis and John Fogarty, constables. Asa D. Waldron was appointed treasurer. Upon June 3, 1874, John H. Murphy was appointed constable, vice Kuyper, resigned.

1874- 75, - Eugene C. Long, supervisor; Joseph II. Gray, assessor ; James H. Ely, collector; Charles F.. Pope, town clerk; John S. Ritchie and Thomas F. Doyle, justices of the peace.

1880-81. - Charles E. Recs, supervisor; Frank S. Blair, town clerk ; James G. Hamilton, collector; Hugh Maher, assessor ; Peter Schmidt, constable.

i83i-82. - Charles E. Rees, supervisor ; William L. Church, Jr., town clerk (elected by one thousand two hundred and seventy-five votes, a majority of one over his opponent, William G. Beale); James G. Hamilton, collector; Hugh Maher, assessor; Jacob Hremer, George L. Ford, John I.. Marsh, Thomas Goodwillie, justices of the peace; Nels Paulson, Peter Steenbergcr, Nelson G. Meyers, Kdward Broad, I). L. Carmichael, constables.

Village Govkknmunt. - The question of adopting the village organization was voted upon at the election held August 10, 1872, and the following vote was polled : For village organization, two hundred and sixty-two, against village organization, one hundred and eighty-eight, votes. The decision being favorable thereunto, the village of Hyde Park was organized under the general incorporation law, approved April 10, 1872, tinder the charter dated August 13,

1872, this being the natal day of the village. The first board of Village Trustees were composed of the board of Town Trustees in office at the time of the organization of the village, and they were continued in office until the first village election of April 19,

Cady, Waldron, Clark and Doyle held over from the 1870 election, and Barney, Hale, Van Der Belt, Bradner and Fisher were elected November 7, 1871.

1873- 74. - C. M. Cady, president ; John F. Barney, Michael Doyle, Horace R. Slebbins, Joseph F*. Bonfield, William P. Gray, trustees ; Charles E. Pope, clerk. In this year Daniel Mealy was appointed superintendent of public works; Samuel G. Rhodes, engineer, and Richard S. Thompson, village attornc*.

1877- 78. - John R. liensley, president; Abram Mitchell, Elam G. Clark, William H. Raynor, William E.Wheeler, Martin Farrcll, trustees ; Martin J. Russell, clerk. The office of village attorney was re-instituted this municipal year, and Consider H. Willett appointed thereto.

1878- 79. - John I. Bennett, president; Silas F. Wright, Alexander R. Beck, George W.Green, Delonas W. Potter, lrus Coy, trustees; Martin J. Russell, clerk. Appointed this year were: James H. Bowcn, comptroller; Christopher McLennan, engineer; Henry V. Freeman, attorney; P. F. Ryan, captain of police; G. A. Follansbce, treasurer.

1S79-80 - John I. Bennett, president; Martin H. Foss, A. R. Beck, Horace R. Hobart. Thomas W. Johnstone, George L Ford, trustees ; Martin J. Russell, clerk. The appointees were Leander I). Condee, attorney; Joseph Snyder, captain of police; village hall assistant, Charles L. Norton; Oswell A. Boguc, comptroller; John A. Cole, engineer ; W. H. D. Lewis, health officer; George Willard, treasurer.

1880-81. - Horace R. Hobart, president ; George L. Ford.J Martin H. Foss.* Thomas W. Johnstone, Daniel A. Peirce, Frank M. Webster, trustees ;|| Frank S. Blaine, clerk. Appointees: Leander D. Condee, attorney; R. L. Heirick, treasurer; Oswell A. Boguc, comptroller; Joseph Snyder, captain of police ; Charles L. Norton, village hall assistant ; George A. Follansbee, tax claim agent ; diaries Bush, sealer of weights and measures ; George H. Chapman, health officer ; Thomas Davies, fire marshal; John A. Cole, engineer and superintendent of public works; W. B. Hamilton, assistant superintendent of public works.

Hi Bowen* Samuel Pullman, trustees; William L. Church, Jr., clerk. Appointed: Leander D. Condee, attorney; Charles L. Norton, village hall assistant; Oswcll A. Bogue, comptroller ; George H. Chapman, village physician; Henry J- Goodrich, tax claim agent; Nicholas Hunt, captain of police; Christopher Mc- Lennan, engineer and superintendent of public works; John A. Cole, consulting engineer; George Phillips, sealer of weights and measures; William 15. Hamilton, water inspector.

1882- 83 - Henry J. Goodrich, president ; George H. Leonard, Frank M. Webster (elected), Thomas W. Johnstone, Samuel Pullman, William M. Berry (hold over), trustees ; Edward W. Henricks, clerk. Appointed: Leander D. Condee, attorney ; William L. Church, comptroller; (icorge Willard, treasurer; Christopher McLennan, engineer and superintendent of public works; Charles L. Norton, village hall assistant; George H. Waite, collector ; Nicholas Hunt, captain of police ; Charles E. Recs (elected), police magistrate; W. W. Stewart, prosecuting attorney; M. B. Arnold, health officer; Charles A. Pendleton, fire marshal ; E. S. Hawlcy, tax claim agent; William H. Colehour, harbor mastcr.f

1883- 84. - George H. Leonard, president; Frank M. Webster, Henry J. Goodrich (hold over), Alexander R. Beck, Alvin C. Mason, George A. Follansbee, (elected) trustees; Edward W, Henricks, clerk; Charles E. Recs, police magistrate. Api>ointed : A. W. Green, attorney; Daniel A. Peirce, treasurer; Christopher McLennan, engineer and superintendent of public works; Charles I.. Norton, comptroller; George H. Waite, collector; Nicholas Hunt, captain of police; M. B. Arnold, heallh officer; Charles A. Pendleton, fire marshal until July, 1883, when he resigned, and James C'rapo was appointed; George Phillips, scaler of weights and measures.

Political. - Of the views of the inhabitants of Hyde Park as expressed at their election, their status is largely Republican; during their various projects for the enhancement of the town or village sometimes the rule has prevailed to vote for men not for measures; at other times the converse has been the case, but when exclusively partisan principles have been the questions under consideration. Republicanism has been largely manifested until the last two elections. In measures pertaining to the accession of business and property interests, the improvement of their natural advantages and conserving their rights, inherent and adventitious, the citizens of Hyde Park have been vigilant and farsighted ; a public improvement had but to be demonstrated as a bona fiilt improvement, to meet with their heaity support; a corporation had but to tread, upon their corporate or individual toes, under an alleged conferring of benefits, to meet with persistent and determined opposition. It is not to be supposed that in the magnitude of interests involved, in the vast amounts of real estate and monetary transactions, no individuals in authority have been benefited during the progress of improvements advocated by them that augmented public interest; it is not reasonable to imagine that an individual will entirely forget his private welfare in his efforts for the corporate weal ; but the instances where private advancement has been allowed to dominate, irrespective of the public good, are extremely rare, and have usually been so distinctively marked as to leave no doubt of the cupidity, perhaps turpitude, of the

Population. - In 1851 the inhabitants of Hyde Park could have been conveniently carried in a street car without crowding ; in 1861, taking the vote polled * - scvcnty-one - as a basis, the number of inhabitants may be estimated at three hundred and fifty; in r&6:, Mr. Home states that there were about five hundred people residing in Hyde Park. The subjoined table will therefore show about the ratio of progress in the population of this village:

The population of the hamlets of Hyde Park is determined by the census of 1S80 to have been ; South Chicago. 1,962; Colehour, 1,098; Irondale, 9^ ; Roseland, 77*; Kensington, .250; Kivcrdale, f>jj. The discrepancy of these figures to the inhabitants * some of these places now will readily be perceived; and arguing from this hypothesis, the estimate of 45,000 population in 1884, will be reasonable and warranted by statistical facts. One fair sample of Ik increment of population since the census of 1880, will give some idea 01 the phenomenal growth of the village. Kensington is represented by the census to have hid two hundred and fifty inhabitants; the school census of July, 18S3, polled one thousand two hundred and seventv-eigbc inhabitants. _ PoLict. - Commensurate with the growth of the village has been the necessity for augmentation of the farce requisite to preserve law and order, arrest evil-doer., ana guaid life and property. Alexander Brown and Lihonus Goldhart, the first Constables, had sinecures in their positions, and the unfortunate who offended against the law in those days was secured in an old wooden lockup that formerly stood on the common between fifty-tirst and Fifty-second streets, and so near the lakethat it was washed away. The present jail is constructed upon approved detenlive principles, and is adequate lor me purposes for which jails are constructed. Ine police magistrate was Charles E. Rees, commissioned MayS, 1874, and the first offender whose n*me'P' pears on the village record in January, 1871, was jame Rafferty, of Irish nationality, aged forty, habitat Chic P . was fined, and paid $10 for the luxury of being; d £ At this lime Hyde Park had five pollce!ncn-, LT "i n w Benford was the first captain of police the village, commissioned January 21, 1871 tered upon his duties January 2S of the M* retaining the office until its abolishment on 1875 ; the office of sergeant of police then supreme in the force, and this position P. t. filled. His autocracy lasted until November 20, iojji when the office of captain was again created ana p ford re-appointed ; he re-entered on his dunes u*. ber ij 1875. Upon April 25. '876, °fficpe "'R"Pn tain w^s once more abolished, and Sergeant r. r. "J became the police dictator, holding that pM'"^,1"" May, 1877, when he was appointed captain, sition iie occupied until April 7, 'SJV' resigned and Joseph Snyder was appointed captain, remaining therein until April, 1881, when Captain Nicholas Hunt was appointed. The places of detention comprise one at Hyde Park, one at South Chicago and one at Kensington. The force is composed of Captain Nicholas Hunt; Sergeants Owen Sheridan, Kensington ; Richard Dunphy, Hyde Park ; John Mergenthaler, South Chicago; Douglas Hogan, Oakland, with six station-keepers and thirty-one patrolmen, an average of one patrolman to one thousand people. The number of arrests from January t, 1871, to October, 1883, were ten thousand five hundred, hut an insignificant per ccntagc of which was for serious offences. The present administration compares favorably with wheel Babcock double-tank chemical engine. The hose carriages were placed in livery stables, and the boys who "ran wid der masheen" were the policemen. One of these carriages-was kept at Oakland ; the other at Hyde Park, and the expense attendant on their maintenance was $60 per month ; the livery-men furnishing horses and drivers. The chemical engine was placed at South Chicago and was handled by an organized company. On June 18, 1875, the Board of Trustees inaugurated measures for organizing a volunteer fire department, by selling the hose-carriages and purchasing three hand hose-carts and two double-horse hook and ladder trucks, with hose reels attached, and companies one, two and three were organized, with

VIEW or HVI>E PARK WATER worksthose of the past, viewed from a financial standpoint : Fines collected in 1880-81, $807.02 ; fines collected in 1 881-82, $3,151.00; fines collected in 1882.83, $5,524.00; the years 1881-82-83 being those of Nicholas Hunt's administration. The service yet need some means of rapid transit between the patrolman and the various lock-ups, the ground to be watched by the patrolman being so extensive as to need his constant presence there ; all sorts of depredations could be committed during his absence with a petty offender, conveying him to a place of detention, those places being so far from the beats of the offi 'ers.

Fire Department. - Prior to 1873 the means of extinguishing fires were such as happened to be presented by an excited assemblage at the scene of the conflagration, and the general method of putting out a fire was to let it burn out and try and protect the neighboring buildings. In 1873, however, the Trustees purchased two four-wheel hose carriages and one fourthc names, Oakland Hose Company No. 1 ; Hyde Park Hose Company No. 2, and Protection Hose Company No. 3, the latter located at the corner of Fiftieth and State streets. The engine-houses were: of No. 1, a barn ; of No. 2, a place that had formerly been a blacksmith shop; of No. 3, a barn*

The various fire marshals who have held office since the inauguration of the department arc : George Herbert, appointed May 1, 1875; A. D. Waldron, appointed August 1, 1875 - Mr. Waldron had one assistant, Thomas Davies ; Thomas Hogan, appointed June 10, 1878 - he had two assistants ; first, M. Haley; second, William Kirby ; Thomas Davies, appointed June 11, 1879 - he had one assistant, H. Hackenbrock; Charles A. Pendleton, appointed June 10, 1881 ; James L. Crapo, appointed June 2, 1883.

ing space ftS^ftimBtt^^TE Up0" which >°" have '° sit is no1 a "T'Ul wells connected. tunneled and the a car whereon are put the materials used for the con- The building wherein the m u- struction of the tunnel. It is wheeled along the rails boilers, etc., are located is the lZi m2tchlnet^ on to an elevator in the mouth of a bricked well- This of Og.esby Avenue and to^td whlTa" ^L' ^ baS a" imcri°r °' frontage on the avenue of about t wo h .n.lV.H 1 1 e'ght feet and ,,s wails arc imposed of three and four ninety-five feet, and with a deoth of nl T a a nnKS of sol,d bri«*-work, laid up in hydraulic cement and thirtv-two feet. The Sbm ST fo t m°rtar' made of one Part each o{ «mem and 5and thus described in thc report of G How-ird Ftt*" Thc dMCent uPon ,he ^ranc elevator occupies but a consulting and superintending encincer " H w/' f f ffw, seconds and <l,e voyageurs are on the base of the d.rcct acting, compound '., "oruonta'' shaft, some sixty feet below its mouth, which base conengines, so constructed I and S Sd nl V ^ 5''S,S °f a Solid bcd of concrele two feet thick' and ,his plates and frames as to be capable of work" , ' I ,n turn. rests upon the bed rock, excavated and prepared in pairs, with thc duplex principle of '°gelhcr for «he purpose. From this shaft there is a western or, by disconnecting the dun « 'n?ovemcn*' tu""el leading to beneath the waterworks and fifty engine can be operated separated nrTc ^T' feet in leng,h- and the day when the reader is supposed cnt pumping-machine by itself. The four 1 ,ndepend- to >>ave made the descent - November 3. 1&83 - thc cylinders have diameters of foriv iZLl. , 'ow_Pres,sure eastern tunnel was driven one thousand eight hundred the four high-pressure cvlinden a- s,milar,y a"d eighty-three feet under the lake; the whole length twenty inches, and hence the relative ZLJilT"**? i°f °f the tUnnel beinB re<ll,ired t0 be five ,hoUSand 5* respective areas or the steam nis?nn? T r °f thc The horizontal tunnels are six feet and three inches one-both the latter and the purnp SL^Lm '° Perpendicularly and six feet laterally and are lined stroke in common of thirty six » r V'"S *. with brick masonrv, four, three and two rings thick, terms it may be said that the t ,r, * floorinK » ^ in the bottom of the tunnel and on the makers being the C0Z & .th'S rai,s are sl)iked- and this ,ramway '5 the """j facturmg Company," of Hamilton o^ i ,nR Iink the miners at one end of the tunnel supplied by four cylindrical boiler 1 nf " .t. " and the elevator at the other; and over it are conveyed tubular pattern, each boiler havino dUmrti/ ^ thc clay lemov^ » the process of excavating, and the

The excavation is done by four miners and their attendants; the first gang of whom go in to work at 1 1 P. M. and drill three auger holes in which arc placed dynamite cartridges, and the clay is then blasted; then the picks are used and a rough similitude of a tunnel made ; then follow a gang at 5 a. m., who shape the tunnel and make it ready for live brick layers, who follow at 3 P. M. and brick-up the tunnel made in the clay by the two gangs who preceded them. This work proceeds at the rate, on an average, of twenty feet per diem and the tunnel is expected to be finished by about July 1, 1884, and to cost about a quarter of a million dollars. The tunneling is performed in a stratum of compact, tenacious, blue clay, and the intention is to have about twenty-five feet of this clay between the exterior of the brick tunnel and the bottom of the lake. During the work b it little trouble has been experienced from springs of water in the clay, or sand-pockets ; the largest of the latter being struck while working in the upper formation of clay, about August 9, 1883. and was one hundred and twenty-five feet long. When a cavity such as this is encountered it is filled up with brick and cement, so that there is no intervening space between the exterior of the tunnel and the surrounding clay; not for the purpose of keeping the clay from falling upon the tunnel, but to prevent the force of the water breaking the tunnel, because of there being no superincumbent mass of clay to re-enforce the resistance of the tunnel to pressure from the inside. Those who remember the hydrostatic paradox of our schooldays will easily conceive that there is considerable pressure exerted by a column of water some sixty-five feet in height and with a diameter of eight feet. But all this time the reader has been jaculated through the brick tunnel, like a monster human pea in a Brobdignasrian pea-shooter, by the propelling power of the inspector behind; and the traveler upon the car is constrained to "hunch" himself together to avoid being scalped by the long tube that extends along the roof of the tunnel, but which is plainly perccivcable by means of the electric lights which illuminate the tunnel. The lights are of the Western Edison species, and miners wonder how it was possible to do without the incandescent light. This threatening tube, whose close proximity to the explorer suggested premature baldness, is the lungs oi the tunnel; by its means the miners breathe, and because of its operation the air nearly two thousand feet under the lake is as pure and as fresh as needs be. This tube is connected with a strong exhaust fan in the upper world, and this fan sucks up the air out of the tunnel and fresh air moves down the shaft to replace it. " Nature abhors a vacuum,'" and the fan creates one; here is the present terminus of the tramway where the gnomes are working, put your hand before the tube of which mention has been made - quite a powerful suction ! Prior to the introduction of the electric light into the tunnel oil lam js were used and the interior of this exhaust tube was found to be coated with oily soot, similar to the incrustation upon the interior of a stove pipe through which the smoke of soft coal fires has exuded, This lact not alone demonstrates the effectiveness of the means of ventilation ; so thorough, that it collects the little particles of plumbago floating in the atmosphere; but likewise testifies to the evil effects of using oil-lamps in mines, for the lungs of the workmen must have just the same deposit as that upon the interior of the ventilating pipe. These workmen who are making mud-pies from the ceiling, walls and floor are the miners, and they are trimming down the clay tunnel to the dimensions to be occupied by the exterior of the brick-work. The clay is placed upon a car, with side-boards and ends, and nin through the tunnel onto the elevator and there is astounded by seeing the light from which it has been excluded for hundreds of years. The work proceeds rapidly and well ; the officials representing the village speak highly of the thorough manner in which Messrs. Robinson and Minor perform their work, and the cheerful alacrity with which they respond to any unusual calls upon their workmen and material ; the officials take pride in watching the work, the contractors take pride in having it supervised; consequently the tunnel is very apt to be an excellent one. The following are the officials at the water works : John A. Cole, consulting and superintending engineer ; John Br.iydon Toohy, general inspector of work of tunnel ; Louis I.. Edwards, inspector of materials for tunnel. Mr. Toohy is on duty all the lime watching the construction, and the materials used all pass under the inspection of Mr. Edwards. James Wallace, water inspector and tapper; George F. Morgan, water pipe inspector; Robert Hawkins, engineer in charge of the pumping station, and Joseph Pullman and A. O. Parker, assistant engineers. To distribute the water throughout the village there were, on May 1, 1883, the following lengths and sizes of pipe:

Making 263.542 linear feet then composing the general water-service system of the village of Hyde Park, with provisional outlets at the sarr.e date of sixty-eight single, and two hundred and eighteen double, nozzle hydrants. The scryice is daily rendered more complete and effective, and new lines of piping arc constantly being laid to meet the demands of the inhabitants.

Health. - The salubrity of the village of Hyde Park can best be exhibited by the following extract from the report of Dr. M. B. Arnold, health officer: Annual death-rate for 1,000 inhabitants - 1882-73, 14; 1881-82, 16.64; r88o-8i. 18.4S; 1870-80,8.4.

Town anp Village Annals. - The first road viewed by the Commissioners, on April 9. 1861, and surveyed by Alex. Wolcott, was Sixty-seventh Street (Ogden Avenue) from the center of Section 22 cast to the lake. The first claims against the town audited and allowed aggregated $102.07; among them were accounts of C. Stickncy and Paul Cornell, auditors, $3 each ; and Strong Wadsworth, fifteen days as assessor at $1.50 per diem; listing, ninety-six days at ten cents; listing one hundred and six men under military law, *t.o6. November 5. 1861. at the second town meeting, held at the railroad depot, $50 was decreed to be spent upon "the road leading from the house where George W. Waitc now lives to the house owned by Judge Barron, near Dutch Settlement," and that $50 be spent upon the road known as the Vincennes Road. The earliest sidewalk improvements receive mention in the proceedings of September 7, i86», when Jacob Bockee. C. B. Waitc and Charles H. Atkins were elected commissioners to make assessments on property by such improvements. Such improvements were: a four-foot wide sidewalk on the south end of

Block 21 across Jefferson (Avenue) and Adams (Washington Avenue) streets; the excavation of a ditch along Madison Street (Avenue), on Uoth sides from Elm (Fifty-fifth) Street to Chestnut Street; thence northeast through the low land in Block 29 to the culvert corner of Oak (Fifty-third) and Adams (Washington Avenue) streets; the enlargement and deepening of ditches from said culvert to Jefferson (Avenue) Street and on the east side of Block tl and enlarging and clearing out ditches on Washington Street (Hyde Hark Avenue), on both sides of the railroad trark.fjom Oak (Fiftv-thild) Street to F.lm (Fifty-fifth) Street; also clearing out Cornell Street, from Oak to Elm. by grubl.ing out the brush and stumps and plowing furiows on each side of the street ; also the ercrtion of a small pier, or breakwater, on the lake shore, about half-way between " the present piers," to protect the park from" washing away, which was not accomplished.

wi?" Nove'1,'icr 4. 186*, John McGlashen, E. S. Williams and P. Law were appointed a committee to purchase half an acre of ground for clay-bcd, and the board of auditors were authorized to pledge the faith and credit of the town to the amount of $100

The first tax.lcvy was also for $.00, as follows: Ordered therefore, that there be assessed on the real v T .1 Property of the town of Hyde Park, the sum of one hundred dollars

ZT\t ET (Fi,''>"fifth> Van Bnren YVc^ M Avenue) streets, on November 3. ,86% Jn March ,865, the meetings of the Trustees were held at the house of John A. Jameson, but he havin, caused township line between Townships 37 and 38 nnril, Ranges 14 and 15. and by west line of town No bounded by south line of Township 3K north. Ranm 14 and .5; east by Lake Michigan and State line ri Indiana ; south by south line of Hyde Park - wesi |,v line commencing at intersection of south line of town With L*l«mtt Kiver.lhence along center of river to out ei p Caiumtt Lake, thence along thc center of said outlet to Calumet Lake, thence northed* alow the shore of said lake to thc section line between Seetions ,11 and 12, Township 37 north, Range i4- thence north between said sections to the northwest comer of Section 1, Township 37 north, Range 14. No 3 comprised all of Hyde Park not included above and the voting places were: No. 1, station house in Hyde Park, intersection of Oak Street with Illinois Central Railroad ; No. 2, school-house at Ainswotth station ; No. 3. school-house in Section 15, Township 37 north, Range 14 cast.

The Town of Hvdk Park at this lime was bounded on the north by Chicago; on the east hv Lake Miclii. grin and State of Indiana; on the south by the town of Thornton, and on the west by the towns of Cilumrt and Lake. In 1870, some lots were sold at public vendue, that were bought by thc town for clay-bcd in 1866. The price paid was $3,075, the price realized *3'.376-5<>. onc-thiid cash, and the balance in one and two years. A teal estate investment realizing one thousand and twenty per cent inside of five years. In this year also, the Hyde Pai k Gas S: Coke Company petitioned for permission to lay mains, etc. Such per. mission was given the Hyde Park Gas Company in June 17, 1871. Subsequent to this date the annals of Hyde Park became localized; the advantages accruing to special portions of thc gigantic village will be found annotated in their individual history, and thc ramifications of the legislation centered in the town and village hall can only l>c accurately dissected by the anatomical historiographer as individual nerves in their local centers, not as ganglia centered in a corporate history.

Financial. - The first exhibit on file is one shoeing the general town tax for Hyde Park, for the year 1S63, by J, Rerun, County Treasurer, as follows: Total valuation. .$103,914 Tolnl amount ta*...$ij6S 5» Valuation railroad 20.795 Railroad lax 14J oS

Prior to 1878, however, the accounts Meie kept in a diluted condition, seem never to have bttn tettltd, consequently determinate figuies aie haid lotshibit.

The annual appropriation! have liccn as follows ! "873. $78.°°°; 18741 S95.-o° ! ''s75- §113.600; 1876, 152,162.50; 1.H77, §: 24,4.59; l*7*i S'45.57" 3^ '*79i 129,700; 1880, $136,200; 1881, 140.300; 1882, 150,687.64; these appropriations b:ing made in the years specified, and extended to the end of the fiscal year that terminates in the year succeeding that given. As an intelligible resume! of this inadequate financial statement, it may be stated, that the bonds of Hyde Park are held at a high premium, and those consider themselves unfortunate-, when by lot it is decided that their bonds shall be redeemed; and the rate of taxation in Hyde Park docs not exceed one per cent on actual value for State, county and village taxes.

Hyde Park Village

As a summary of the locus in situ it may be stated that Hyde Park isamunicip.il corporation, commencing at the Chicago city limits, and extending southward nearly thirteen miles, and having a varying width of from one and a half miles to five miles, with an area of some forty-eight square miles. It contains about twenty-three distinct settlements, or hamlets, with their o.vn business centers, churches, public and private schools and social organizations. It contains a population of some thirty-five thousand people, nine post-offices, some twelve lines of railroads, eight million dollars worth of parks, boulevards and walks, a harbor and navigable river, and possibilities that are only bounded by its territorial extent. Constant incursions of vast manufacturing interests and industries, only act as additional evidences of the capabilities of Hyde Park.

Charles Cleaver, the eponym of Cleavervillc, or Oakland, built a house, in 1853, on the property laying between Oakwood Avenue, Brook Street (so called by Mr. Cleaver because of a brook that ran there). Cedar and Elm streets; the house has since been enlarged and divided, but its integral part remains at the residence, 3938 Ellis Avenue. This house was built subsequent to his removal from the house he occupied where Standard Hall is now situated, - corner of Thirteenth Street and Michigan Avenue - and was built there because of its contiguity to the soap and rendering works, which Mr. Cleaver erected in 1S51, near the foot of Thirty-eighth Street. This house was the nucleus around which clustered the settlement of

Cleavervillc, and the embryonic germ out of which sprang the favorite suburban residence region of Chicago. At this period, March, 1S51, Mr. Cleaver states there were only a few fishermen and wood choppers, and there were but four or five houses south of Twelfth Street. Mr. (Heaver bought twenty-two and a half acres from Samuel F.llis - who at that time lived at the southwest corner of Lake Avenue and Thirty-fifth Street, and kept tavern near the site of the Douglas monument - and then bought 7 1 fA acres of Henry and Loring Graves; this property forming Cleavervillc. Here Mr. Cleaver erected numerous houses for his workmen, spending sixty thousand dollars in one year for building purposes, and in 1S54 found it necessary to build a meeting-house, that was used as a school on week-days and a church on Sunday. This building was the first church in Hyde Park and the first church built south of Van Buren Street, and between that street and the Indiana State line. On July 1,1851, a sort of immature jubilee was held on the Illinois Central, by Mr. Hammond, the superintendent, who look an engine and car and about seventy-five people and went to Mr. Cleaver's place and picnicked. To the Illinois Central Railioad Company Mr. Cleaver paid $3,800 per annum to get them to run trains to Cleavervillc ; along that same line now, fiftyeight suburban trains arc ran daily. In 1857 the property mentioned was platted and laid out as Cleavervillc, the plat being recorded as document Number 7.44S. in Book 143 of Maps, page 99, on October 4, 1S5S. The map was entitled "Cleaverville. being the north part of fractional Section 2, Township 38 norih. Range 14 cast, and the south part of south fractional Section 35, Township 39 north. Range 14 east, of 3d P. M." Charles Cleaver was born at Kensington Common, London, England, on July 21, 1814, during the visit of the three emperors in that city, after Napoleon's abdication at Kontaineblcau ; and attended the semi-military academy of H. (). Stone at Bexley for seven years. Mr. Cleaver left London on January 18, 1833. and arrived in New York March 13, 1S33; and had to wail in that city until April 22, for the canal to open. He left Buffalo August 26, arrived in Chicago October 23, and became immediately identified with the commercial interests of the town and city, and subsequently the founder of Cleavervillc In 1 S54 Mr. ('leaver built a church for the benefit of his workmen wherein was preaching on Sunday and school on week-days.* In 1S57 Mr. Cleaver discontinued his rendering works and soap factory and engaged in the real estate business, with which he has been identified since. In 1866 or 1S67 ("leaver Hall was built, Mr. Cleaver anticipating that it would be useful for a sort of town hall for public meetings and entertainments ; it was so used for a short time, then a terpsichorean club held sessions therein, and it was also used as a place of worship by some Methodists. It was likewise the first building used for a district school-house. It now stands near Fortieth Street and Grand Boulevard and is occupied as a dwelling-house.

Mr. Cleaver named his residence Oakwood Hall, and thence was derived the name for the boulevard ; the streets Oak, Elm, Laurel, etc., etc., he named because he planted rows of those species of trees along their roadways. To say that Mr^Clcavcr did a great * deal for Cleaverville is to merely state the exact truth ; he worked hard and earnestly for its welfare and expended thousands of dollars in its improvement. Mr. Cleaver married, on Much 6, 183S, Miss Mary Brookes, daughter of Samuel Brookes* one of the first Justices of the Peace of the town of Hyde Park. Mr. Brookes was one of the original members of the Horticultural Society and of the Zoological Gardens of London, was an accomplished botanist, horticulturist, florist and carpologist, and is noted as having first introduced the azalea into Europe from cuttings taken in China. Mr and Mrs. Cleaver have six living children, Charles Samuel, rredcrick Walter, Louisa - now Mrs Tohn Harwick - Myra. Kmily and Fanny.

The Fikst Stork that was established anywhere in the v icinity of Cleaverville was built by Mr Cleaver at the corner of Pier (now Thirty-eighth) Street and fiSi? A^nue- 11 a grocery, and was kept by Wilham Cleaver for Charles; the former subsequently purchased it from the latter. Mrs. Cleaver states that tins More was not troubled by any commercial rivalry for fully ten years. Exactly at what period the Cleaverville property commenced to be eyed wistfully by speculators and prospective residents, it is difficult 0 determine; the growth of Chicago does not appear to have influenced its first extensive settlement but rather the natural affection for a rustic retreat from the City cares that made villas in the vicinage of Rome S?j lblC< ^ ar,cl developed Cleaverville and made Oakland. I he material history of Oakland is difficult to write because of the extraordinary p^ l it has made A work published in ,874T \ GJ ,1 e prominent residents at Oakland : Ex-Sena.or Trumb 1 George I rumbull, G. G. Pope, F. P. Van Wick IP Bonfield, L Huntington, 'charles Huntingtiin' S

Brookes and W. B. Horned The IrtidSSUS them were adopted and signed by the following S. " Sunnel Brookes, Mary Brookes, Henry Brooke ijE Brookes, Sarah Brookes, Margaret 1W? , V Goodwin, Elisabeth Brooke! VcSSSAtS^H Martha Govier, W. B. Horner, W. A. Nichok Mr house C7d' J"St the rearofa bl<*k of brick louses now standing near the locality designated The building remained there until the erection^ the £ and Church ; when it was sold to Joseph Fahr.drick, who moved it up to the town of Hyde Park, in i8j, and used it as a flour and feed store. It is now usd as a dwelling house and b^ot and shoe shop and stands upon the west s.de of Hyde Park Avenue, south of filty-fifth Street.

The ministers who have occupied the pulpit at various times, as far as can be learned, were Kev. Washington A. Nichols, Stephen Sanford Smith, *ho commenced in the fall of 1862, and stayed about three years, Chaplain Eddy, Benjamin E. Stiles Ely, lames >> hue, D. Craycroft and Z. S. Holbrook. The ear i days of this Church were full of trouble; opposition 10 the administration arose and some of the opponent withdrew and formed the Ninth Presbvterian Quich, which, after consolidation with Grace Church, became an integer of the Sixth Presbyterian Church. The contests were distinguished by acerbity, but that time has softened and cxtitpaled. During one cf these dissensions, the Church divided arid the cotigrepiikn remained in the old church until the Memorial Church was formed, and was supplied by James T. Hyde of the Ideological Seminary for about two year?. This branch was, however, not rcccgnizcd l y the Council «o long as there appeared any possibility of success for the other portion of the Church. A( length the Memorial Church was recognized as the legal and actual succ essor of the Salem Church. In 1871, this Church relinquished its organization and name and some of its members connected themselves with the Forty-scver.thtrcet Church, which the growing n eeds of that flourishing suburb had called into existence. Other changes however were in store for the Forty-seventhstreet Church, as in February, 1879, the building wherein its congregation had worshipped was moved from its location on Forty-seventh Street, near Drexel Boulevard, to the corner of that boulevard and Fortieth Street ; the sphere of beneficent influence being deemed more extensive at its present, than at its former location. After its removal the present name was adopted of South Congregational Church, and at this time it had some thirty-five or forty members, and an attendance upon the Sunday-school of about fifty children. The early progress of the Church was impeded by the general prostration of business interests, but upon the restoration of easy times, the Church entered upon a career of prosperity that has been unchecked. It now numbers about one hundred and eighty members and has an average attendance at the Sunday-school of one hundred and forty scholars. There are very few meni- bers of this Church who have been members of former congregations in this vicinage; the vast influx of residents has brought new people who have affiliated with, or joined this Church, and it now is a unit in social cordiality and in Christian work ; these characteristics have distinguished this Church since its foundation. The first trustees were Oswcll A. Bogue, William E. Hale, Lucius G. Fisher, J. B. T. Marsh and Henry Brookes; the present trustees are William E. Hale, Oswell A. Bogue, George C. Hick and George A. Stannard. The present frame church building is very inadequate to the needs of the congregation and steps are now (January, 1X84) being taken to erect a substantial edifice of brick, or stone, capable of seating eight hundred people; after which the present building will be utilized as a Sunday-school room. Under the management of the members of the Church are several social, literary and benevolent societies; the donations made by this Church are very large proportionately with the membership of the Church. One of the enterprises that has succeeded under its fostering care is the Forrestville Sunday-school that now, with a little assistance from its parent, takes care ol itself and furnishes religious tuition to a large number of scholars. The pastor is a close and earnest student and a thoughtful, deliberate theologian; the growth and prosperity of the Church speaks for his capability in the position he occupies more forcibly than any panegyric could do

Edward Franklin Williams, the present pastor, who assumed charge of the Forty-seventh-street Church on the third Sunday in October, 1873, was born at Uxbridge, Mass., on July 23, 183a, of George and Delilah Williams, upon the old homestead farm. He received his education at the common school, and at the academy of Uxbridge, at the Worcester Academy - under the principalship of Charles Burnet, at the University Grammar School at Providence - under Professors Frieze and Lyon, and at Yale College, from whence he graduated in 1856. He then taught school for three years, and graduated at the Princeton Theological Seminary, in 1861. In 1861 and 1862, he took a supplemental theological course at Yale Seminary, preaching for a portion of this time at Rochdale, Mass., and then went into the army with the Christian Commission, remaining therein until the close of the war, then supplying various pulpits in Massachusetts, and receiving several calls to permanently occupy such pulpits, none of which he accepted. At the close of 1865, Mr. Williams went to Lookout Mountain, and opened the Lookout Mountain educational institution. In 1867, he opened the Normal Department of the Howard University at Washington, with the understanding that he was to remain there but one term; at the close of which he came to Chicago, studied for a while in Chicago Theological Seminary, preached for a few months at St. Charles. Kane County, became settled pastor of the Tabernacle Church, February I, 1869, where he remained until he took charge of the South Congregational Church. Mr. Williams married. October 24, 1866, Miss Jane C. Pitkin, at Hartford, Conn. In addition to the degree of B. A. received on graduation, Mr Williams has had conferred upon him the degree of M. A., in 1859, and of D. D.. in 1883.

Memorial Baptist Church - The history of this Church is a narration of persistent struggle, undaunted perseverance and indomitable faith - based upon earnest works ; the most justifiable of all faith. *As stated in the manual of the Church, that history is as follows : " That part of the present city of Chicago lying south of Twenty-second Street, prior to 1859 was mostly an uninhabited prairie. Excepting two small settlements, one about the corner of Twenty-sixth Street and Cottage Grove Avenue, drawn together by the car shops of the Illinois Central Railroad, and another, then known as Cleaverville, on the lake shore, at the foot of Oakwood Avenue, where there was a small manufacturing interest, but very few families, and those separated by wide intervals, had made their homes on this wide extending territory. At each of these centers small Congregational churches had been formed, that on Twenty-sixth Stieet being now merged in the Plymouth Congregational Church, that on Oakwood Avenue being extinct. Otherwise it is believed that no Christian Church existed south of Twelfth Street, and no Baptist Church south of Harrison Street, at the corner of which and Edina Place, now Third Avenue, the Edina place Baptist Church, now merged in the lmmamiel Baptist Chinch, had been located in 1856. On the opening of the University of Chicago, in May, 1859, a few Baptist families were added to the number previously living in the neighborhood."* These disciples held a weekly meeting at the house of Deacon C. T. Boggs, over which Dr. J. A. Smith presided, shortly after which a service was had on Sunday afternoons in the chapel of the University, when Dr. J. C. Burroughs preached, occasionally assisted by others. It was hoped that from this organization a Church would proceed, but the First Baptist Church organized a mission church at the corner of Indiana Avenue and Thirtieth Street; and at its opening in 1863, the University congregation and a Sunday-school of more than one hundred scholars were transferred to the Indianaavenue Baptist Church. But the members of the old congregation considered the field, whose theological tillage was feasible with the University for a center, requisite to be attended to, and in Januaiy, 18C7, liny re-organized the Sund.i) -schcol in the chapel of ihe University. On September 22, 1868, the Cottage Grove Baptist Society was organized, with Dr. J. A. Smith as pastor, to meet in the University chapel ; and on December 6, 1868, the University-place Baptist Church was organized, with ninety-four members. Dr. J. A. Smith, pastor, and A. H. Hovey, Jesse Clement and H. B. Brayton, deacons. In June, 1871, a chapel was completed on Thirty-fifth Street and Rhodes Avenue, at a cost of $25,000. In 1874, the First Baptist Church removed to its present location, and this necessitated cither the demise or removal of the University-place Church ; accordingly, after weary and ineffectual struggles, on May 25, 1881, a committee was appointed to negotiate for the purchase of the Memorial church on Oakwood Boulevard, that belonged to a former Congregational Church. On October 19, 1881, the committee announced that the old church property had been sold, and the new church purchased and placed in repair, and it was then voted to change the name to " Memorial Baptist Church ; " to " thus record God's signal favor in the past," and to " set up as a memorial, from which to enter on a new stage of its history - 'Thus far the Lord hath hcljvcd us.'"- The cost of the property was about $29,000. $".50° of which was realized from the sale of the old property, and the balance was given by the Church and its friends, so that at its dedication, on February 19, 1882, it was announced that " the Memorial Baptist Church us absolutely free from debt." The pastors of the Church have been as follows Dr. J. A. Smith, December. 1S68 - April, 1869; Dr. J. It Jackson (acting) thence until October, tgfo; Dr. William Hague, October, i860 - November, 1870; Drs. Northrup, Arnold, Mitchell, Stalth, Jackson and others, November, |S;0 - February, i»7J : Rev. A. J. Frost, Februarv. t8;? - October, 1875 ; Dr. Northrup and others, October, 1875 - May

August ,. ,849, at Itallymole. Coumy Slip, lX ' and pursued his studies for three years at St. Joha7, College in Coun.y Mayo, leaving Ireland and \Ut{ n ( Amenca m ,866. Mr. Tighe then coming g studies in the University of Notre Dam,. hdiirgraduating ,n the class of ,869.70. and pursuC, theological course subsequent to his praduaiicr Hi

7,?|Sv.°.rsiTd ^ "i$h°P F?le) - »< "'<-- Jesuit Colkyn jui> is, iS74,and was assigned to St. James's Parish 1% assistant to the late Bishop Reirdon. Then the dcrr<e of Magister Arlem was conferred bv his AlmnNau, On .November r, ,877, Mr. Tighe was assigned to the parish of Hyde Park and South Chicago, which thru comprised the district from Thirty-ninth Street to Um Indiana State line, and during this pastorate he purchased the land and built the church of St. Patrick it South Chicago, and also bought the land nn which the paroch ial residence of St. Thomas now stands. In lUz Mr. I igl,c was assigned to the parish of the Holy Angels, where he now is ; and the success that has attendee Ins ministrations is shown in the Church and its attendance, and the reverence and love that his parishioner feel tor Denis Aloysius Tighe. Mr. Tighe is a youaj man, a careful and close student, retiring in his demeanor, ipiict and thoughtful in his speech and an earnest advocate of a vital Christianity rather than defunct dogmas; believing that works exhibit faith, he has achieved what he has in the short time of his ministration, and the results stand - his monument and his advocate.

The FoKTv-riK sr- street Presbyterian Cmraca - I his Church exemplifies the result that may accrue from small beginnings. In i860, a Sunday-school was organized by a Christian lady at her home, which she for some time conducted and maintained by her individual effort. The attention of the Presbyterian League of Chicago was adverted thereto, and they cons tiered that where the Sunday-school successfully existed a congregation could bccollected; and accordingly, as a site for a future church they bought the two lots^ in the vicinity of the Sunday-school, on the cornet of Forty-first Street and Prairie Avenue, having a fror.lage on the former street of one hundred and eighty feet, and a depth of tne hundred feet. Upon these lots a building was erected, costing $9,500, with the property; anil in the spring of 1S70, the Sunday-school was moved to this building, and Sunday services uere held there. In the spring of 187 1, the Young People's Mission Association, connected with the First Presbyterian Church, took charge of the school and the building anil lots were transferred to the trustees of the First Church in trust for the Y. P. M. A., who assumed the indebtedness on the realty, to the amount of about $7 .000. The success attendant upon the efforts of the congregation was not great, as the fire of 1871 impeded the settlement of the vicinity and in many cases seriously crippled the finances of the members, but the Sunday-school was maintained and Sunday services were held with passable regularity, whereat Rev. F.. R Davis, Dr. Van Dorcn, A. McCalla, Captain Mack «M others officiated. In 1S74, a new building, costn'g $1,850. was erected, and the same year Rev. Edward V. Wells, occupied the pulpit. On February 1;, rUjJ^J meeting was held to organize as a Presbvtcrian Own I - Rev. E. R. Davis presiding, and Revs. E. P. *"< Arthur Mitchell and Jot ham Swale were |"t-rl The Forty-lirst-street Presbyterian Church WMOrjan* ized with nineteen members and G. F. Bissell, W P Black, E. S. Wells, H. D. Penfield and S. I). Foss, elders, and George A. Springer, Frederick W. Springer, Sylvester D. Foss, Irus Coy and William L. Moss, * secretary - trustees. Edward P. Wells was installed pastor of (he Church on May 23, 1875, and resigned therefrom March 21, 1878. In 1876, an addition was built to the church. Since July, 1878, Rev. Arthur Swazey, of Chicago, supplied the pulpit from year to year until July, 18S3 ; from that date until November, 18S3, there was no particular supply, but during November, Rev. R. B. Clark became the officiating minister, and now occupies the pulpit. The present elders are George A. Springer and William L. Moss, the elders elect, at date of compilation, have not qualified; the present trustees are. George A. Springer, George H. McKay, Edward Springer, Osborn J. Shannon and Irus Coy. The congregation numbers about three hundred and filly, the Sunday-school about two hundred and twenty- five, and the present valuation of the church property is §15,000.

The First Hotel was the Oakland House, at the corner of Oak wood Boulevard and Cottage Grove Avenue; then it wis a perfect rural tavern with accommodation for man and beast, and was a favorite stopping place for riding or driving parties. It is now elevated above stores and metamorphosed into a private boarding house.

Oakland Hose Company No. i was organized June 18, 1S75, with the following officers and members : Truman S Gillett, captain ; Thomas Davies, foreman; B. W. Shibley, J. Henry Oliver, Thomas S. Brady, first, second and third assistants, respectively; Simon Lauderbach, pipeman ; C. S. Ford. Charles Nichols, John McFarland, James L. Crapo, first, second, third and fourth assistant pipemcn ; I.eandcr D. Condee. secretary; James [.Shibley, treasurer; Walter W. Ford, George H. Van Pelt. Consider H. Willett, William Dell, P. J. Neagel, J. F. Fleming, Charles H. Jackson, Benjamin B. Robinson, Benjamin liranch and Richard Pratley, privates. The present officers and members arc: Charles H. Jackson, .captain ; Edward B. Adams, lieutenant; Fletcher Hope, Matthew H. Smith, Lawrence Fbersol, Adam Miller, Charles A. Pendleton, Harry Courser and William H. Lawrance, privates. The present hose-house, costing $780, was completed December 21, 1875, when a ball was given commemorative of the occasion. The equipment consists of one double-horse hook and ladder truck with hose reel attached, and seven hundred feet of linen and two hundred feet of cotton hose. It is situated at the corner of Drexel Boulevard and Cottage Grove Avenue.

The First School at Oakland was at Cleaver Hall, and the first teacher Miss Josie M. Mulligan, assisted by Miss Keeler. Cleaver Hall was then situated at the southeast corner of Fortieth Street and Drexel Boulevard. The residents of Oakland, however, wished to have a school district of their own, and petitioned that School District No. 3 - bounded on . the north by the city of Chicago, on the east by Lake Michigan, on the south by the center line of Sections two and three (Forty-third Street) and on the west by Indiana Avenue - might be created. It was so set apart October 4, 1869. At an election held December 6. 1869, at said fchool-housc, A. R. Miller, G. H. Miller, W. H. Rand, Francis Munson, F. P. Van Wyck, James M. Hill, Thomas Swan, O. A. Smith, Charles Cleaver,

Henry Brookes and A. C. Leich, legal voters of said district, met and elected William H. Rand, James M. Hill and George Trumbull directors of said district. Mr. Rand was elected president, and Mr. Hill secretary of said board. The following table shows the number of votes cast, at certain school elections, in the years designated : October 11, 1.S70, 13; 1871,8; 1872, 9; 1873, 19; 1874, 10; 1875; 24; 1876, no; -879, 231. At the first meeting of the board of directors, December 6, 1S69, it was decided to continue the services of Miss Mulligan at $1 2.50 per week, and those of Miss Keeler at $10 per week; also to continue to rent the school-house of Charles Cleaver at the rate of $400 per annum. 1111870 J. Herrick was* appointed principal at $1,000 salary per annum, and Miss Mulligan was placed in charge of the primary department at §60 per month; the liberality that has always been a characteristic of this disirict early exhibited itself. October 13, 1870, the present site of the school-house. Lots t and 2, Block 15, of the re-subdivision of Blocks 15 and 16. Clcaverville, were bought for $16,000; and a school-house built thereon, costing about §7.000 that was occupied about November, 1871. In 1872, Miss Ella G. Ives was prinpipal, which position she retained for over three years. April 14. 1875, the school-house was burned, and the school reverted to Cleaver Hall again ; $5,300 was received on the insurance of the building. In 1874. the present Oakland public school was erected, the contract price for which was $15,756, and was furnished and occupied in the winter of the same year. On July 24. 1876, Charles I. Parker, the resent principal, was appointed to that position. In eptember, 1S72, the number of persons under twenty- One years of age in the district was four hundred arid twenty-six, one of whom was colored ; in August, 1873, there were five hundred and thirty-two persons under twenty-one in the district. In 1SS3, there were three thousand and twelve persons in the district, five hundred and sixty-seven males and six hundred and thirtyone females under twenty-one, and seven hundred and seventy-four males and one thousand and ihirty-eight females over twenty-one. In 18S1, the district having over two thousand inhabitants, an election was held April 16, to select a Board of Education in lieu of a board of directors. The board so chosen were. Charles M. Hardy, president ; * Woodbury M. Taylor, secretary, William H. Rand. Henry J. Goodrich, John R. Hodson and William Turkington. The present Board of Education arc: C. M. Hardy, president; Woodbury M. Taylor, secretary; William Turkington, John R. Hodson, C. W. Needham and John Roper. The school district is now bounded by Thirty-ninth and Fortythird streets, Grand Boulevard and Lake Michigan ; at what date the western boundary was changed from Indiana Avenue to Grand Boulevard is uncertain, but presumptively about 1875. A new school is now in course of erection, at the corner of Forty-second Street and St. Lawrence Avenue, to cost $35,000; and the total estimated value of school property is $125,000. The tax levy for 1882 was $14,950. The average attendance during the year was six hundred and twenty-five. 'The teachers are: Charles I. Parker, A, B., A. M., principal ; Frances L. Potter, Florence M. Holbrook, A. B., R. Louise Ray, Sarah B. Colvin, Elvira Bannister, Mary L. Bass, Laura J. Potter, lola M. Jones, Belle Wylie, Martha A Fleming. Kate E. Lyon, Isabel E. Richmond, Clara M. Ncwbecker, Emma C Barrett, Carrie C. Lewis and Mary H. How-

Itston, and the lowest salary is §750 per year. The results of (he facts ami figures exhibited are that the Oakland school is one of the best scholastic and academic institutions in the State. The cause is not hard to find; liberality in remuneration, after careful and exhaustive examination demonstrate the efficiency of the teacher. As one of the board remarked: " It is not intended that the school-teachers, of the Oakland district shall be those who teach to pass an interregnum of graduation and matrimony; but those who arc accomphshed teachers by profession." Of the three thousand and twelve persons who were in the school district in 18S3, there were only six who could not read and wntct and they were foreigners and could both read and write in their own language. It seems like painting the lily to add further evidences of the cxcelence of the school and its management ; but the analytic mind always requires statistics or tangible evidence. In the school is a library of four hundred and Ifty volume ; in the primary department this year some four hundred and fifty books, additional to those used in the curriculum, were purchased; these beinc entertaining as well as instructive, to make the U dypursued thorough ye. involuntary. The prima y depaftment u the one where the most exhaustive, pains-taking care and assiduous watchfulness is manifested - hence the work m the high school department has a solid sub stratum underlying the studies there perfected it State has testified the excellence o, t'he work 'of t chool by several subordinate premiums and by Z TZ J7Tm °/ sttecI'st^s fof high school WO k a heSuteha,rof,.S82; also the following diplomas at the same Pair ; for graded school, third year work

Street, Cottage Grove Avenue, Forty-serenth Street and Ind.ana Avenue; is known as District No. 7 the directors are: George W. Silsby, president- 1 S Barker and E P. Hotchkiss, clerk. TheZct w.j taken from District No. 2, in May, ,873, and a scbnol 01 thnty seven pupils was organised May iq 1871 in a private house on Forty-fifth Street, win, Miss Alice J. Quiner as teacher. In September, 1873, MisS Alice Uraper became principal, and Miss Quiner remained as assistant. In 1874 the school was moved toCo<- tage (.rove Avenue, between Forty-fourth and Foriv. filth streets ; the number of pupils, sixty, rendered' a change of quarters imperative. In 187? the school was removed to the present school building, corner of Forty-fifth Street and St. Lawrence Avenue

Der Kindergarten. - An innovation on the customary method of imparting instruction was made in this school in December, 1878, by the establishment of a Kindergarten by Mrs. M. K. Mann. In that month forty-three children attended. January, 1879, Miss Al he Hayward came as assistant and pupil, and in the fall of the same year Miss E. J. Hayward came in the same capacity. In December, 1880, Miss E. J Hayward took charge of the Kindergarten department, and has conducted it since that time with various assistants until December, 1882, when Miss F. Hay-ward, the present and only paid assistant, was engaged. Of this scholastic adjunct, a friend of Frcebel, and a connoisseur in kindergarten instruction, said that it ranked second among those he had seen in America.

The instructors in the other departments of the school are : George W. Davis, principal; Misses Lydia S. Davis, E. J. Spencer, Carrie Smith, assistants; and Miss J. Wheeler, instructress in drawing. There are at present one hundred and thirty pupils in the school, which, with the library, apparatus, furniture, lots, etc., is valued at §18,800. The tax-levy for was $7,000, and the population of the school district is as follows : Under twenty-one, two hundred and eightysix; between six and twenty-one, two hundred and three; over twenty-one, three hundred and forty-seven; total population, six hundred and thirty-three.

Forrkstville Host Companv No. 6 - November 7, 1S78, this company was organized, and the hand hose cart that had been used by Company No 1 was turned over to them. In addition thereto they now have eight hundred feet of linen hose. The hose house situated at the corner of Forty-sixth Street and Evani Avenue, cost six hundred dollars, and the present members of the company are : Frank Elliott, captain; W. R. Ellwell, J. W. Munson, P. Cummings.J. W. Simpson, J. \V. Elliott, James S. Elliott, L. R. Vesey. Hugh Williams and C. P. Shcville, privates.

The residence mansion of Wilbur F. Storey is situated on the corner of Forty-third Street and Vinccnnes Avenue, within the boundaries of thi« Forrestvillc

School District ; hence the presumtion is not unreasonable that the district will not be deficient in fashionable, aristocratic and costly residences.

Springer and Farren Schools are situated in District No. 2, Township 38 north, Range U The former school is situated also in District No. 9, whose boundaries are: Commencing at Thirty-ninth Street and Grand Boulevard, thence south to Fortythird Street on said boulevard, thence west to Indiana Avenue, thence south to Forty-seventh, thence west to State Street, thence north to Thirty-ninth Street, and thence cast to place of beginning. No powers, however, are exercised by any trustees having jurisdiction under District No 9 ; because of the issuance of an injunction, pending the decision of the litigation to determine whether District No. 9 is District No. 9 or only a fragment of District No. 2. The difficulty seems to have arisen when the separation between the towns of Lake and Hyde Park occurred ; at that time the school district remained undivided, and District No. 2 now embraces pirl of the town of Lake and part of the town of Hyde Park, and its affairs are administered by the following Hoard of Education: William Fallon, president; A. H. Champlin. William H.Christian, secretary ; John W. Clark, John Farren, James Lawless, Michael Mc- Inerney, Michael J. McCarthy and Charles Olschncr.

Springer School is situated on the corner of Wabash Avenue and Forty-first Street, and was built in August, -"73. The number of pupils at its opening were seventy-five ; at the end of the year 1882 there were one thousand and eighty enrolled. James H. Brayton has been principal, and Misi Tammic Curtis assistant, since its establishment. The value of the school and property is about $36,000; the average number of pupils eight hundred, and the teachers are : James Henry Brayton, principal : Katherine S. Kellogg, Tammic Curtis, Harriet S. Kellogg, Sarah Muletts, F.va Spencer, Isabel Smith, Mrs. Nellie Jo nson, Julia Dundon, Mary Springer, Mrs. Mary Hoar, Ada Lewis, Alice Drake, Belle Dodd and Ada Parker, assistants.

Farren School is located at the corner of Wabash Avenue and Fifty-first Street, and was built in 1882, at a cost for building and property, of about 837,000. The average number of pupils is five hundred, and the teachers are: Homer Hcvans, principal; Mrs. Mary E. Thresher, Florence S. Meek, Nettie H. Ingersoll, Annie Rickard, Emily A. Broadbent, Mary B. Whiting, Mary Moran, Tcna C. Farren, Nellie K. Dempsey and Mary T. Bowes, assistants. The computed population of the portion of District No. 2 embraced by the village of Hyde Park is as follows: four hundred and sixteen males and four hundred and twenty-three females between six and twenty-one years of age; one huadred and eighty males and one hundred and eightyfour females under six years of age ; total population, twelve hundred and sixty-four males and eleven hundred and ninety-two females, aggregating twenty-four hundred and fifty-six persons. The proportion of taxlevy is about $16,000

Oak RtnoK SCHOOL. - School District No. 5 embraces the territory bounded by Forty-seventh Street, Cottage Grove Avenue, Sixty-third Street, and Indiana Avenue. The old school district extended from Thirty-ninth to Sixty-third streets, with the same eastern and western boundaries as at present ; the district was successively diminished by the setting off territory to the Oakland and the Forrestvillc school districts, and the appropriation of territory for the park. James H. Ely, who kindly furnished the particulars herein presented, states that, in 1856, when he settled at the present corner of Fifty-second Street and South Park Avenue, there were living in the vicinity H. O. Stone, John McGlashen, S. A. Downer, Elisha Bailey, William Klinger and George Parker, and that there were not to exceed six buildings between Twentysecond and Sixty-ninth streets, along the present South Park Avenue. The old school was first held about 1851, in a building near South Park Avenue, just south of " The Retreat ; a Miss Lowe was one of the first teachers, and the number of scholars was from eight to ten. About 1865 the school district was set off in order to furnish specific territory from whence the scholars should attend this school, and also to retain the Oak Ridge school - which then received its name - in that vicinage. On the assumption of the powers conferred by the charter by the South Park Commissioners, they did not at first decide upon selecting the school site for condemnation, and, Mr. Ely states, agreed to let the school remain. But, in 1879, the commissioners asked what the directors would take for the school lands and school-house; they stated $100 per foot for the land, and §3,000 for the building, making about $2 1,600. The commissioners then had the property condemned; the directors brought suit and got damages, §28,500. The commissioners asked for a new trial on the ground of excessive damages, which was granted, verdict again for directors in the sum of $29,410. The case was then appealed to the Supreme Court and the judgment reversed upon legal technicalities. Meanwhile in order that there might be a school in the district, and in order to procure land before it augmented in price, the directors bought a new site on Prairie Avenue, between Fifty-second and Fifty-third streets, two hundred feet by two hundred feet, for $7,700 and in 1881 erected a school, one of the finest in the county. They anticipated receiving the damages awarded, and were continually solicited to build, not alone a school sufficient for the present wants of the neighborhood, but adequate to the growth of the district for a decade of years. They did so, and the non-receipt of the damages necessitated their making a special tax-levy, and borrowing money to complete the edifice. It cost about $43,000, or about $50,000 with the land. The school directors are S. A. Downer, president, and James H. Ely, clerk; John Leahy, the remaining director, has moved out of the district. The population as per last school census is about three hundred; under twenty-one, one hundred and ninety-three. The tax-levy for last year was $rS,ooo for special and school purposes. The school is taught by Miss Elizabeth Close, principal, and Miss Margaret Byrne, assistant, and the pupils average seventy. The instruction imparted is thorough and careful, and prospective residents need not fear lack of scholastic resources for some years to come. But it is hardly practicable to build a school-house too large in the village of Hyde Park or one that will not be filled by the scholars a few years after its erection.

The name of Hyde Park was given this locality to commemorate the village of the same name on the Hudson River, near New York City. One of the first, if not the first, white man who lived there was Nathan Watson - his widow subsequently married Garnsey - and he had a log shanty about where the northwest corner of Park Avenue and Fifty-third Street now is. Thomas Leeds Morgan staid at his house over night, in 1836, while en route to Michigan City, on horseback He asked Watson what he contemplated doing there; he answered, "raise fruit." Mr. Morgan gazed steadily at him and asked him " if he had any friends down East ? " He answered, " Yes. Then," said Mr. Morgan, " have them send for you and put you in an insane asylum, for you must be crazy to anticipate raising fruit on these sand-piles." Yet Mr. Morgan subsequently lived close to where the old log cabin stood, and the mortal remains of old Mr. Watson are now interred in the garden of the Morgan residence. Thomas Leeds Morgan died on October 29, 1883, at his residence, corner of Park Avenue and Fifty-third

Street, of heart disease. He was born in Genoa, Cayuga. Co., N. Y., in 1802, and came West and took up his residence at Elgin, 111., in 1830, during which time he pursued the vocation of farmer. In 1842, he came to Chicago and thence, in 1863, removed to Hyde Park. At his funeral the pall-bearers were all old residents: Hassan A. Hopkins. W. L. Robinson. James Morgan, E, T. Root. Joseph H. Gray and C. B. King. The remains were taken to Klgin for interment. The first settler, however, who exercised any influence upon the place, the man who, in fact, made Hyde Park, was

Pakl Cornell, who was born at White Creek. Washington Co., N. Y.. August 5, xSn, of Hiraiii K. and F.liza Hopkins Cornell. In iS.ti, his mother and stepfather, Dr. Barry, removed with the family to Ohio, and five years later to Adams County, III., dining which period young Cornell obtained his education HI a common school; that is, he studied during the win. ter aiid did farm work during the summer. From the position of scholar he grew to that of teacher, then to that of law student, entering a law office in |olict in 1845. June 7, 18 J7, he was admitted to the Mar, and

be of value for suburban residences; and had it topographically surveyed bv one John Boyd, whose survey corroborated Mr. Cornells idea. He then bought three hundrcd acres ol land upon the lake shore, and conveyed sixty of them lo the Illinois Central Railroad, a pan of

Iht consideration consisting in an agreement bv the company to run trains to the inchoate town of Hyde ark. 1 hey did so, starting the Hyde Park train on he 1st day of June, 1856. The conductor was H I. konnson. At that time, however, but three trains' a day ran in each direction, but only to and from r.ftv-sixth Street. After building the Hyde Pa k I ouse. for some time Mr. Cornell paid «ji Zr Ccn, of the gross earnings of said train. About Mr l abor, Ha«k & Co.. who 0])encd it Jn, ' gP>He«CT wen also proprietors of the Richmond House, Chicago, at this time. This building «as of frame and an elegant, commodious structure oca.ed on the lake front, immediately south of Fifty-' north or that sireet was a park. laid out by Mr. Cornell, m ,856. upon the beautifying of which he spent In,865- M^srs. Joining Pearce and -Vhuyler S. Benjamin-now of the Sherman and Brcyoort respectively-purchased the hotel and metamorphosed it into a brick building bells and the bell of the Presbyterian Church wMt rung Hose Company No. t appeared upon th,- scent but tl.ey could get no water; an engine subsequently took water from the lake but the fire had gained too much headway, and before noon the building was destroyed. No lives were, however, lost; the build- Higs, furniture, etc., were insured for $50,000; loss above insurance, §260,000. The ruins remain njiors the lake front, a monument to the misfortune of Messrs. Pearce and Benjamin, and a reminder to the hungry wayfarer that there once existed an hotel in Hyde Park, where a tabic J 'hi'le was spread - there are none now, and the sojourner is fain to solace his hunger with the ' lowly cheese and humble cracker.

In 1856, Mr. Cornell subdivided and platted two hnndred and forty-five acres, and sold an undivided one hundred and thirty-two acres, lying between Fiftyfirst and Fifty-fifth streets, to David S. Ogden. as trustee and agent for Paul Cornell. Hopkins's ind Kimbark's additions (each containing eighty acres), were subsequently purchased by Mr. Cornell and subdivided under those names; the name given to any real estate speculation in Hyde Park mattered but little, Paul Cornell was generally found the prime mover in the enterprise.

In July, 1856, Mr. Cornell was married 10 Miss Helen M. Gray, of Bowdoinham, Me, and in "*57- they went to live at Hyde Park. They have had fire children : George, John, Paul, Helen and Elizabeth G. Cornell, who enjoys the honor of being the first white child born in Hyde Park. She was born October 10, 1858.

In 1858, Mr. Cornell erected a place of worship that was used by believers of all denominations. He paid the lion's share of the cost of the erection, about Si, 000, receiving an additional $100 from various subscribers; and at the laying of the foundation Governor William Dross made a speech. The church stood where Dodson and Peirce's block now stands, at the comer of Hyde Park Avenue and Fifty-third Street, and after the organization of the First Presbyterian Church, on April 29, 1860, Mr. Cornell deeded II" church to them, with three lots of ground, one hundred and twenty. five feet by one hundred and sixty fee- These lots are at the comer of Hyde Park Avenue ana Fifty-third Street, with a frontage upon the former avenue. It was the design of the donor in this Denefaction to create a sort of church extension, fund J means of these lots; that upon them, centrally located as they were, a block somewhat similar to the Methodist Church block of Chicago might be erected and funds derived therefrom to become an endowment, or church-extension, fund, for the town of Hyde Park. But the building was first leased by the village, after the erection of the stone church, and then purchased by them, with the northernmost lot, and half the next one, deeded by Mr. Cornell, for$io.ooo. Ablock, that had been built by Mr. Cornell on the old site of the church at a cost of some §7,000 or $8,000, with this church extension in view, was rented and the iroceeds applied toward the payment of the interest o( the debt on the new church, but the block was afterward sold, and the remaining moiety, south of the alley, of the three lots primarily deeded. The three lots brought about $24,000, and Mr. Cornell gave in cash to the Church and in the improvement of the church lots about $13,000, making his benefactions to the Church in cash and cash realized from lands, not counting rentals, over $30 000. This was all realized within a few years and applied toward the payment for the newchurch and its debts, the cost of the church being some $48,000. 1 he extension fund was effectually swamped, but the Presbyteri.ins have one of the finest churches in the suburbs of Chicago; built in 1S70.

The First Prkshvtxkian Church of Hyde Park, as stated, was organized on April 20, i860, with the following members : Paul Cornell, Mrs Helen (*.. Cornell. James Wadsworth, Mrs. Emily \V. Wad*worlh, G. W. Bowman, M«, Almira A. Bowman, Mrs. I.. B. Jameson, Henry C. Work, Mrs. Sarah P. Work, Hassan A. Hopkins, Mrs. Sarah M. Hopkins and Hugh K. Hart. At an adjourned meeting held May 6, Elders Hassan A. Hopkins and George W. Bowman were ordained and installed, and Mrs. Adeline K. Danley, Mrs. Sallv N. B>guc, Hamilton B. Iiogue and George M. Bogue, united with the Church, and the first Lord's supper was celebrated. Rev. William H. Spencer appears to have been the first tuinislcr who supplied the pulpit, although Rev. 7.. M. Humphrey preached the first sermon 10 the incipient congregition. Revs. Snencer, J. S. Edwards and Burroughs - of the Chicago University - with various theological students, filled the pulpit until March. 1S62. when Rev. C. F. Beach came as stated supply for one year. In this month a society organization was formed by the election of a board of trustees, who formally took charge of the building and property donated by Mr. Cornell; and March 16, the Sunday-school was organized. In March, 1864, Mr. Reach resigned and the Church was without a settled minister until July 1, 1865, when the first pastor, Rev. Bradford Y. Avcrill was called; he died July 12, 1867, afier ten months effective labor with the Church. October 7, 1867, Rev. David S. Johnson was installed: he remained until 1880. June 1, 1881, the present pastor took charge of the Church.

Edward Chittenden Kay was born October 12, t«4y, at Rochester, N. Y., and was reared under the » beneficient auspices of home until entering college. He united with the Church in 1869, graduated from Hamilton College in 1870; studied at Union Theological Seminary, Rochester Theological Seminary, and graduated from Auburn Theological Seminary in 1S73 ; in which year also the degree of A. M. was conferred upon him by Hamihon College. October 13, 1S74. he married Martha Washington Prescott, of New York City; their children are Mattic Prescott, Edward Russell, Prccott Hovt and Ruth Ray. In 1874, he was ordained by the Presbytery of Vtica; was pastor of the

Presbyterian Church at Vernon Center, N. Y., 1873-75; Third Presbyterian Church, Elizabeth, N'. J., 1876-81. Mr. Ray is a quick speaker, rapid of apprehension, concise and lucid in his statements and incisive and logical in his theology.

The first elders were were Hassan A. Hopkins and George W. Bowman. The present ciders are Hassan A. Hopkins, Joseph N. Barker, Homer N. Hibhard, John C. Welling, Samuel West, George Stewart, W. A. Olmsted and John A. Cole; Samuel West is clerk and treasurer, and the trustees are Paul Cornell, George M. Bogue, Coli Robinson. John Cameron, Christopher C. Bouton, John C Welling, W. C. Ott and Edwin F. Bailey. The present congregation numbers about two hundred and fifty.*

In 1856 the' Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest selected a location for their College on the lake shore, between Fifty-third Street and Walnut Street, or Fifty-fourth Street Place, east of Cornell Avenue; and Paul Cornell conveyed eighteen acres - four blocks - to said Seminary, fenced them in and set out shade trees around the ground. One hundred and seventy acres in this vicinity were also donated, and about sixty thousand dollars subscriptions obtained toward the erection of the Seminary. Plans for the college building were drawn by G. P. Randall, architect, the cost of which building would have been about one hundred and eighty thousand dollars; but Cyrus H. McCormick afterward made a subscription of one hundred thousand dollars in cash, with a proviso that the college should be located north of the Chicago River. The trustees of the Seminary reconveyed the eighteen acres to Mr. Cornell, and located the Seminary on its present site. On one of the blocks embraced in this deed of gift to the Seminary, the Hyde Park House was subsequently built.