Allen County, Indiana - Sketch of Gen. John Tipton, 1880 (part 5 of 6)

At this time, October 22, the first ground is being broken and all necessary preparations are being made to prosecute the work on to completion.

City Scrip

On January 1, 1863, the city of Fort Wayne authorized the issue of a series of city scrip, of the following denominations : 50 cents, 25 cents, 10 cents, 5 cents. These were all on a white paper and were 6] by 21 inches in size. They subse¬ quently changed the issue and put out a new one of the same denominations, but reduced to 51 by 21 inches. This scrip was finally redeemed, having been circu¬ lated only to meet the demands of a scarcity of small change, occasioned by the drawing out of silver during the rebellion.

City Hospital

This Hospital was established in the autumn of 1868 ; the first location was on the southwest corner of Main and Cass streets (old residence of William S. Edsall). They remained here,«however, but a very short time, when they removed to their present location, on the southeast corner of Hanna and Lewis streets, this, a very convenient two-story brick building, commodious enough to meet the demands, has been secured for a number of years. We append below the present Trustees : L. M. Winde, William Maier, Henry Tons, D. B. Strope, O. Hanna, A. F. Sieman, C. L. Smith, M. L. Albrecht, J. F. Thieine.

And Firemen For 1879 Police Force

In May, 1873,. the police force of th|fcity of Fort Wayne was established, with a chief and three subordinates ; a was fitted up on the east side of Court street, south of Berry, LotBp, original plat. This building con¬ tinues up to the present time as headqutmers, is of brick, two stories high, and about twenty feet front; has an office in front about 18x20 feet, and cells in the rear, consisting of iron cages, two in number. The following are the regular order of the chiefs, with the names of the present force :

Fort Wayne Sentinel. - The Sentinel, which is, with one or two exceptions, the oldest paper in the State, and, in fact, one of the oldest in the West, made its first appearance on the 6th day of July, 1833. The publishers were Thomas Tigar and S. V. B. Noel, two men who did their full share toward laying the foundations of Fort Wayne's present greatness, and who were honored and respected by all who knew them. Mr. Tigar was a Democrat and Mr. Noel a Whig ; hence, the paper, when first issued, was neutral in politics. It was, of course, small in size and very primitive in appearance, but its publication was an event of great importance and benefit to Fort Wayne, which then had a popula¬ tion of less than three hundred. The resources of the Sentinel were small, and, of course, it had a hard struggle to live, but it managed to survive, and has passed through many trials and vicissitudes, until now, at the age of nearly fifty, it is one of the most prominent aud prosperous journals in the State. The firat number of the Sentinel was issued from the old Masonic Hall building, which was then located on Lot 154, original plat, on the north side of Columbia street, east of Harrison. Mr. Noel's connection with the paper was brief, and in a few months he retired, disposing of his interest to Mr. Tigar. Under this gentle¬ man's management, the Sentinel became an avowed Democratic organ, and it has ever since that time, with the exception of a very brief interval, been a firm and steadfast supporter of the Democratic party.

Mr. Tigar labored under the disadvantages which were inseparable from journalism in those days. He labored manfully and hopefully, however, and managed to issue the Sentinel, with considerable regularity, until 1837, when he disposed of it to the late Hon. George W. Wood, who made the paper a Whig

Mr. Wood conducted the Sentinel three years, and, in 1840, it again changed hands, the Hon. I. D. G. Nelson, father of one of the preseut proprietors, becoming its owner. Mr. Nelson made the Sentinel again a Democratic journal, but he carried on the paper only until January, 1841, when he sold it to Mr. Tigar, one of its founders, who remained its sole proprietor for nearly a quarter of a century.

The struggles of Messrs. Tigar, Wood and Nelson to establish the Sentinel, are plainly indicated by an examination of its. early files. Its leading editorials were usually appeals- for money from delinquent subscribers, or if money could not be given, then for wood, produce, provisions, etc. Mr. Nelson, in. his valedic¬ tory, complained bitterly of the meager support the paper received. Mr. Tigar was endowed liberally with those desirable faculties - patience, perseverance and industry - and altough he found the road a long, weary , one, lie plodded faithfully along, and finally achieved success. Slowly but surely, the Sentinel gained in circulation, in influence, and in general business. It wys. under his management, a reliable exponent of Democracy, and a faithful champion of the moral and material interests of Fort Wayne. It advocated every measure calculated to improve and benefit the city, and its growth was inseparably connected with the progress of Fort Wayne.

Under Mr. Tigar's management, the Sentinel gradually, but steadily, im¬ proved as a newspaper. From time to time, its size was enlarged, the amount of reading matter increased, the mechanical appearance of the paper improved, and its facilities expanded. On the 1st day of January, 1861, Mr. Tigar took a long step forward, by issuing the first number of the Daily Sentinel. He had seen the rise and fall of a number of opposition papers. In 1865, when he retired from journalism, the only other papers in the city were the Gazette and flic Times.

Mr. Tigar disposed of the paper to W. H. Dills and I. W. Campbell, who were the proprietors of the Times, which they had purchased a short time pre¬ viously from the late Hon. John W. Dawson. The two papers were merged under the name of the Fort Wayne Times and Sentinel.

On the 15th of January of the following year (1866), Messrs. Dills A Campbell sold the Times and Sentinel to E. Zimmerman, now proprietor of the 1 Valparaiso Messengei and Eli W. Brown (now proprietor of the Columbia City

Post). These gentlemen dropped the name of Times and Sentinel , and substituted I that of Democrat. Among othe d^iprovements they introduced was steam power. Mr. Brown retained his pHil ownership of the Democrat until the sprin" of 1868, when he disposed >>qHs interest to Judge Robert Lowry. The firm name then became Lowry & ZimSrmun. In the fall of the same year there was another change. Mr. Zimmermaa retired, and the publishers were K. L). Dumm, L. A. Brunner and Jnd;;e rjwry, the Ann beiug known as Dumm, Brunner & Cu. Mr. Brunner withdrew from the firm early in 1870, his inter¬ est having been acquired by Hon. William Fleming, now Treasurer of State, who shortly afterward bought Judge Lowry s interest. The firm was It. D. Dumm & Co. , _ .

Early in 1870, the Democrat was purchased by a firm known as Burt & Tucker, who, however, only published it for a few issues, when it reverted to It.

D Dumm & Co. John W. Henderson and Frank Finste held for a time an interest in the paper. It. D. Dumm & Co. issued the Daily Democrat for a brief period as a morning paper, but the experiment proving unsatisfactory, was soon abandoned, and publication iu the evening resumed.

On the 30th of January, 1873, there was another change. The time-hon¬ ored name of Sentinel was restored, and Dumm & Fleming became the name of the firm. Under this proprietorship, the paper was published until the 1st of April, 1874, when it was purchased by the Sentinel Printing Company, a corpor¬ ation including among its stockholders Hons. A. H. Hamilton, 11. C. Bell, and William Fleming, S. B. Bond, M. Hamilton, F. H. W<Jlke, and other well-known citizens.

The next change was in the spring of 1877, when the paper became the property of the Hon. William Fleming, \vho conducted it until the 16th of April, 1879, when it was purchased by the present proprietors, W. R. Nelson and S. E. Morss. The consideration was 830,000. The firm name is Nelson & Morss.

The Sentinel has been issued from five different locations. Its first removal was to a building on the corner of Clinton and Columbia streets, since destroyed by fire. In 1850, it. was removed to the Phoenix Block, which was its home until 1868, when it was removed to the Wolke Block, corner of Calhoun and Wayne streets. The present building was erected in the spring of 1875, aud is located at No. 107 Cdhoun street. It is one of the neatest, handsomest and best arranged newspaper buildings in the State. It's of brick, 25x70 feet in size, three stories high, with a basement. In the basement is the engine and press room. The first floor contains the counting-room and book-bindery ; the second floor, the job printing department, and the third floor, the editorial and composing rooms. The building is lighted with gas, heated by steam and supplied with all the modern improvements. The motive power is furnished by a large steam engine. The presses are five in number. The newspaper is printed on a large d mble cylinder Hoe press, racing a capacity of 5,000 sheets per hour. There -are two Gordon presses and two Taylor presses in use in the job .department.

The Daily Sentinel has an average circulation of 4,500 copies, which is constantly increasing. This is larger than that of any other daily paper in the State, outside of Indianapolis. The weekly edition is 2,200 copies, and is also increasing. The daily is a folio 22x31 iu size ; the weekly, a quarto, just twice the size of the daily.

The Sentinel, 'in both editions, prints a large amount of reading matter, including the Associated Press Telegrams. The paper is conducted with marked ability and enterprise, and need uot fear comparison with any journal in the State.

In the various departments of the Sentinel, sixty-three hands are employed, not including those engaged in distributing the daily in the various towns and villages where it is circulated.' The several departments are in charge of the following foremen : Job Department, R. A. Mears; Composing-Room, W. E. McDermit . Bindery, Joseph Strickland ; Press-Room, Frank Keith ; Counting- Room, E. W. Cook and A. C. Katt ; Circulation, E. L. Cotterell ; Advertising Department, Frank J. Wolf.

When we compare the Sentinel of 1879, with that, of 1833, note the differ¬ ence in the size and style of the paper then and now, contrast the double cylinder Hoe press of 1879, wi*h its capacity of 5,000 sheets per hour, and the primitive Stansberry wooden press of 1833. which could only turn off a few scores of po >rly printed sheets in an hour ; when we note the number of hands employed now, and think, that in 1833, one man, witli occasional help from a small boy, did the entire work of the office ; when these comparisons are made, we can but admit that the Sentinel has kept fully abreast (if not a little in advance) of the progress of Fort Wayne.

In May, 1843. Thomas Tigar commenced the publication of a German paper called Der Deutsche Beobachter von Indiana ; Dr. C. Smitz, editor; Thomas Tigar, printer.

A German paper was published here, begun in 1856, called the Fort Wayne Democrat. E. Engler, editor. The paper, however, was irregular in its issues.

The Evening Transcript , office southeast corner of Calhoun and Columbia streets. This paper was published by William Latham and Henry Cosgrove, and the first number was issued Jauuary 1, 1859 ; it was a daily sheet, and suspended in about one month.

. The Indiana Freemason, a monthly; Sol. D. Bayless, editor. Its publica¬ tion began in January, 1859, but was soon discontinued. It was again revived in 1876-77, but was again discontinued after the issue of the second number. R. C. F. Rayhouser was the printer.

The Casket was issued from the Methodist College, being made up of con¬ tributions by the students. It was commenced in 1851 and was printed in the Sentinel office.

The Plow Boy, an agricultural pamphlet of six sheets and a pink back, 10L\71, with the motto ou the outside, " Cultivate the mind and the soil," continued about two years ; II. D. Turner, editor and proprietor.

The True Democrat began in 1852, published by R. C. F. Rayhouser ; con¬ tinued only a few months when it was merged with the Laurel Wreath, a liter¬ ary paper, Thomas Cook, editor, continued until 1854, when it was. sold to D. W. Burroughs, and the Standard and Weekly (Abolition), started in its stead.

In November, 1854, the first daily appeared, published by Mr. Cook, and called the Daily Standard. In March, 1856, Mr. Cook sold to R. D. Turner, and the daily was discontinued and the Fort Wayne Jeffersonian started in its stead, with Mr. Turner as editor and proprietor. In March, 1858, the last num¬ ber of the Fort Wayne Jeffersonian was issued.

In the closing and beginning of the years 1855-56, a literary paper, called the Summit City Journal, was smarted, at the instance of the Young Men's Lit¬ erary Association ; it was discontinued in March of the same year.

In July, 1856, the Fort Wayne Journal began (a campaign -paper), Wood & Kimball, editors; discontinued at the close of the Presidential cinvass.

In May, 1858, the Fort Wayne Weekh/ Republican, P. P. Baily, editor ; on the 1st of January, 1859, he started the Fort Wayne Daily Republican. On March 28, 1860, Mr. Baily sold to John Dawson, and it was merged to the Fort Wayne Times.

The Fort Wayne Times, a Whig paper, was established in 1841, by George W. Wood. In 1842, he sold to Henry W. Jones, who continued it without change until the end of the year 1844. In March, 1844, Mr. Wool commenced a campaign paper called the People's -P/'ess.and continued it through the President¬ ial campaign, when it was merged into the Fort Wayne Times and People s 1 ress. In March, 1848, T. N. Hood and Warren II. Withers purchased this paper and continued it without change until August 31, 1849, when Mr. Withers retired and George W. Wood was admitted. Messrs. Hood & Wood continued until September 7, 1853, when Mr. Wood leased his interest to John W. Dawson and T. N. Hood for one year. Messrs. Dawson & Hood changed the name to the Fort Wayne Times and continued for a few months, when Mr. Hood sold his interest to Messrs. Dawson & Wood, who continued without change until Sep¬ tember 1, 1854, when Mr. Wood retired and Mr. Dawson continued. On July 16, 1854, he besan issuing the Fort Wayne Daily Times , and continued it until the 16th day of July, 1856, when he discontinued it. On February 1, 1859, it was revived, and continued until October, 1864. The office and press-room were located on the northeast corner of Columbia and Clinton streets, second and third stories, known as the " Times Building," which was Durned March 28, 1860, and rebuilt immediately. In 1865, Henry Dills and Isaac W. Campbell, purchased the Fort Wayne Times office of J. W. Dawson. They did not, however, con¬ tinue the is>ue of the paper, running only the job office. This they continueduntil 1866, when they merged it in the Fort Wayne Sentinel, and called it the Times and Sentinel, which they at that time purchased. In 1866, Messrs. Dills & Camp¬ bell moved the office to the northwest corner of Main and Calhoun streets, third story.

In 1852, R. C. F. Rayhouser started the True Democrat , which he con¬ tinued for a few months, when he sold to Thomas Cook, who, in May, started the Laurel Wreath, a literary paper, which he continued until in June, 1854, when he sold it to D. W. Burroughs, who started the Standard, with Charles Case, and John Hough, Jr., as editors ; this, a weekly, was continued in the advocacy of Abolition, Free School and Prohibition Doctrines. In November, 1854, he began the publication of a daily called the Daily Standard, continuing both unril in March, 1856, when he sold to R. D. Turner, who discontinued them and founded the Fort Wayne Jeffersonian. The paper was familiarly known as the " Zebra," (on account of the heading being in striped letters) ; this he continued until in March, 1858, when it was discontinued.

The Fort Wayne Gazette. - The Fort Wayne Daily Gazette was established in 1863, by D. W. Jones, who was induced to move his printing materials from Grant County, Ind., to Fort Wayne, and commence the publication of a paper in the interest of the Union people of Allen County. On the 4th day ot May, 1863, the first number was issued from its office, at the northeast corner of Col¬ umbia and Clinton streets. It was published as an evening paper, being a sixcolumn folio, D. W. Jones, editor and proprietor.

A few months later, Hon. Isaac Jenkinson purchased an interest in the con¬ cern, and became editor. The office was, soon after this arrangement, removed to No. 23 West Columbia street, next door to Hill & Orbison's commercial warehouse, occupying the second floor of the building. A new drum cylinder printing press and a portable engine were added to the outfit of the office, and on the 2Uth of October, same year, the Gazette was printed by steam-power, the first successful steam printing house in Fort Wayne.

In March, 1864, Mr. Jones, owing to ill health, retired, disposing of his interest in the paper to Homer C. Hartman. The new firm of Jenkinson & Hartman enlarged the paper to a seven-column folio. The business was carried on by this firm until 1867, when Mr. Hartman retired, and Mr. Jenkinson became sole proprietor. In October, 1868, Mr. Jenkinson sold a third interest to James R. Willard, and a third interest to Amos R. Wright, and in the spring ot 1869, he sold his entire interest to the above parties. The office of the Gazette was about the same time removed to Calhoun street, opposite the Court House. On November 1, 1869, the G-zette was changed from an evening to a morning daily, and Mr. Wright became sole proprietor. Some years later, the concern was leased by Robert G. McNice and D. S. Alexander, for a term of years. At the expiration of the lease the Gazette became the property of a joint-stock company, managed in turn by D. S. Alexander and J. J. Grafton. The stock was pur¬ chased eventually by J. B. White, who sold a half-interest to Gen. Reub Williams

July, 1876, the Gazette was purchased by the Keil Brothers, who have greatly enlarged the materials and machinery of the coucern, an improvement needed to enable them to meet the increased demands in the job and news department. The Gazette Company is now printing, in addition to the daily and weekly Ga¬ zette, over one hundred papers on the co-operative plan, distributed through the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and Kentucky. The Gazette Com¬ ply employ sixty-three men and boys in the different departments connected with the establishment. It has four steam newspaper presses, and six steam job presses, with the necessary machinery to carry on the work of publishing. A stereotyping machine is also in successful operation, by which much of the matter used is stereotyped daily. The power is furnished by a twenty horse-power engine. 1 he Gazette is the leading morning daily paper in Northern Indiana ; advocates the Republican ideas in politics ; favors a sound currency, based on coin, as the only safe and honest currency. It had no sympathy in the least with the Green¬ back idea, and in that respect stood almost alone in the State, combating the futile ideas advocated by those drawn into the Greenback craze. Under its present man¬ agement, the Gazette has gained a prosperity not previously enjoyed. Tile daily has recently been enlarged to an eight-column folio, and the weekly to a sevtncolumn quarto, being one of the largest weekly papers in Indiana.

The Dispatch is a weekly newspaper, issued every Thursday by Mitchell & Co. Janies Mitchell, editor; Frank Orff, business manager. Tile Dispatch was founded by its present editor, who i-sued the first number on the 10th of September, 187S. In January, 1879, Frank Orff became a partner with James Mitchell in the publication of the paper. The Dispatch is National Greenback in politics, and has already attained a large circulation in Allen and adjoinin'' counties.

Branch of the State Bank of Indiana. - The Fort Wayne branch of this bank was organized in August, 1835, and commenced business in a small brick building on the south side of Columbia street, west of Clinton, Lot 50, original plat. They continued here until in the spring of 1838, wheu they removed to the southwest corner of Main and Clinto-i streets, Lots 1, 2, Branch Bank Sub. The following were the first officers elected, Allen Hamilton holding the office of temporary President until the election of a permanent one: Allen Hamilton was elected President November 2, 1835, and continued in office until July 13, 1841, when he resigned and Samuel Hanna was elected. Samuel Hanna, Presi¬ dent; Hugh McCulloch, Cashier. Directors - Hugh Hanna, William Rockhill, William G. Ewing, Samuel Sowers, Joseph Morgan, Francis Comparet, Isaac Spencer, Joseph Sinclair, Jesse Vermilyea, Asa Fairfield, Samuel Lewis,' David Burr, Samuel Edsall, Allen Hamilton. The organization continued business until the expiration of their charter, January 1, 1856, when it was re-organized as the Branch of the Bank of the State <>J Indiana. - This organization continued in the same place, and elected the following officers and Directors: Hugh McCulloch, President ; Charles D. Bond, Cashier. Directors - Hugh McCul¬ loch, Oehmig Bird, William Mitchell, Pliny Hoagland, Melancthon W. Hubbcll, Hugh B. lleed, B. W. Oakley. In 1865, it was merged into the

Fort Wayne National Bank. - The following officers and Directors were elected: Jesse L. Williams, President; Pliny Hoagland, Vice President; Jared D. Bnnd, Cashier. Soon after this organization, Charles D. Bond was elected President, vice J. L. Williams, resigned. Mr. Bond continued in office up to the time of his death in December, 1873. S. B. Bond was elected President in Jan¬ uary, 1874. The following are the present officers and Directors: Stephen B. Bond, President; Pliny Hoagland, Vice President; Jared D. Bond, Cashier ; James C. Woodworth, Assistant Cashier. Directors - Jesse L. Williams, Pliny Hoagland, Oliver P. Morgan, Montgomery Hamilton, Stephen B. Bond. The capital stock of this bank is 8356,000 ; surplus fund. $125,000.

Allen Hamilton Co. - In 1853, Allen Hamilton, Hugh McCulloch and Jesse L. Williams formed a partnership and organized the above-named company to prosecute the business of discount and deposit. These gentlemen continued this business without change, on the west side of Clinton street, south of Colum¬ bia, Lot 57, original plat, until in 1855, when Stephen B. Bond was admitted, and further until I860, when Charles McCulloch was likewise admitted as a partner. Thus they continued until in 1862, when, after having consummated the neces¬ sary arrangements - furnishing capital, etc. - with the heirs of George Depler, deceased, for the construction of a suitable building, they moved to their present location, and here enlarged and continued the business as Allen Hamilton & Co. until June 1, 1874, when the firm was dissolved. Immediately upon the disso¬ lution, a new organization was effected under the banking laws of the State of Indiana, with the following officers and Directors, and under the name of Hamilton Bank. - Charles McCulloch, President; John Mohr, Jr., Cashier; Joseph D. Mohr, Assistant Cashier. Directors - Charles McCulloch, Jesse L. Williams, Montgomery Hamilton, William Fleming, Frederick Eckert, August Trentman, Edward P. Williams, Report of the condition of the Hamilton Bank at Fort Wayne, Ind., at the close of business November 6, 1879 :

This i organization, with n capital stock of 8200,000, enjoyed a daily average deposit of $350,000, and had a surplus of 836,000. In November, 1870 this bank was merged into

ID Wwjk"nt*' National Bank. - (Discontinued.) - Organized March 15 1865; chartered May 1, 1865. The first location of this bank was on the northwest corner of Berry and Calhoun streets, Lut No. 106 original plat; it was afterward removed to the northwest corner of Main md Calhoun streets, Lot No. 77, original plat, where it remained until discon¬ tinued.

Bai ey, President and Vice-President ; Dwight Klinck, Cashier ; Directors, P. P. Badey S. D Bayl.ss D. F. Comparet, G. L. Little and John Studebaker in July, 1866, S. C. Evans was elected President. On Dec. 13, 1865, Dwight Klinck resigned; and in July, 1866, Dr. John I. Irwin was elected to fill the vacant cashiership, and continued until February, 1873, when he resigned - and January, 1874, C. M. Dawson was elected. Mr. Dawson was appointed Assist¬ ant Cashier to serve in the interim. The following is an exhibit of the bank, prior to us closing: Authorized capital. $300,001) ; paid-up capital, 8100,000- deposits for 1874, $75,000; surplus capital, in 1*874 $11,000. S. C. Evans' President; R. S. Robertson, Vice President ; C. M. Dawson, Cashier. Directors' S. C. Evans, R. S. Robertson,. H. C. Manna, N. P. Stoekbridge and C. M.' Dawson.

f irst Notional lianit. - ' The First National Bank of Fort Wayne was organized in May, 1803, with an authorized capital of 8560,000. Upon the organization the following officers w.-nt elected : .Joseph D. Nuttmim President Samuel Hanna, 'Vice President; William B. Fisher, Cashier; J. D. Nuriman' Joseph Brackenridge, John Brown, John Orff', John M, Miller, A. S. Kvan.\ W. II. Withers, Fred Nirdlinger, A. D. Brandriff, Directors. Paid-up capital' 8100,000 ; increased July 1,1863,850,000; July 1, I860, $50,000; Dee. 1, 1871, SI 00, 000; May 1,1874, 850,000; $50,000. Total, $400,000. Paidup capital was afterward reduced 25 per cent, the business continuing on a capi¬ tal of $300,000 up to the present time. In July, I860, Samuel Hanna died, and John Orff was elected to fill the vacancy of Vice President. In August, 1871, Lem Hartman was appointed Assistant Cashier. In December, 187 f, he was elected to fill the office of Cashier, vice William B. Fisher, resigned. The following are the present officers of the bank: J. D. Nuttman, President; O. A. Simons, Vice President; L. H. Hartman, Cashier; J. D. Nuttman, 0! A. Simons, A. D. Brandriff, J, M. Miller, A. S. Evans, B. D. Miner, .J. II. Bass, Fred Eckert, J. M. Nuttman, Directors.

John M. Miller Post Office, Postmasters And Mails

The first Postmaster was Samuel Hanna, appointed in 1822 ; his office was one door east of Colerick's Hall, on Lot No. 36, original plat. He was succeeded by Henry J. Rudisill, Sr., who kept the office in a frame building on the north side of Columbia street, between Calhoun and Clinton, on Lot No. 43, original plat. He was succeeded by Oliver Fairfield, who was located in the same build¬ ing. He was succeeded by Smallwood Noel, who still remained in the same place, until he was succeeded by William Stewart, in 1845, who removed it to his own lot, on the west side of Calhoun street, between Berry and Main, on Lot No. 102, original plat. In 1849, Samuel Stophlet was appointed, and lie removed the office to the east side of Calhoun street, between Columbia and Main, on Lot No. 7b, old plat, about three doors north of the corner of Main street. At the burning of the block immediately opposite, he removed to the southwest corner ol Main and Calhoun streets, Lot No. 80, original plat, the present site of Mengel's new block. In 1853, John G. Maier was appointed, being the first appointment made by the President, prior to which they were appointed by the Postmaster General, not requiring the consent of the Senate. During Mr. Maier's administration, he received the first letters by railroad ; they were three in number, addressed as follows : 11. W. Taylor.

The office was located first on the south side of Columbia street, about three doors west of Clinton, on Lot No. 57, origiual plat. He subsequently moved around the corner on Clinton street, west side, north of the alley, south of Colum¬ bia street, Lot 57, original plat. In 1861, Moses Drake ^was appointed ; he remained in same office for a short time, and then removed to Robinson's Block, near Robinson House, on Lot No. 563, Hanna's Addition. He again removed it, after having refitted and inaugurated the present box S3'stem, etc., to its present location, on the east side of Court street, Lot No. 85, original plat.

Mr. Drake, while serving out a second term, died, and Peter P. Bailey was appointed to serve out the unexpired term ; afterward, Jacob Kamm was appoint¬ ed, who continued until a successor was appointed. During Mr. Kamrn's admin¬ istration, the office was enlarged to meet the growing demands of the mail, as well as more convenience in office room, the building was continued through to Clinton street. Subsequently, the carrier system went into effect, with general re-arrangement of the office, such as a stamp department, money order and regis¬ tered letter office, etc.

Early Mails

" The first regular mail was in 1822 or 1823; Maumee mail once a week by horseback from Maumee and Piqua, Ohio. The mail carriers had to camp out one night on the route ; the trips were made regular, but frequently came through with empty mail bags. The Chicago mail came through by Fort Wayne on foot, and was carried one^trip by a Mr. Bird, some years dead, who lived in Pleasant Township on the Bluflton road. Wm. Suttentield took the first contract to carry the mail (Maumee mail); John Ohman was carrier. In 1845, the Maumee mail was transferred to the packets on the canal. In 1855, it was transferred to the railroad.''

Packet Line. - In 1848, Doyle & Dickey run a daily line of packets, leav¬ ing La Fayette Monday, March 27, 1848, at 10 o'clock A. M., arriving at Fort Wayne at 6 o'clock P. M. A daily line was run from Covington, Ind., to Toledo, Ohio. The line was continued in 1851, as Doyle & Co.

Stage Line. - July, 1851, Doyle &, Hoskinsou established a tri-weekly stage line to St. Mary's, Ohio, with a four-horse coach, connecting with Samuel Doyle's line of packets, to Dayton and Cincinnati, Ohio. Office in the Hedekin House.

George Phillips continued a daily line to Maysville, Allen County, carrying the mail in 1849 - the last of the Mohicans. Asa Fairfield came here in 1834 ; in June, 1835, he rau the first canal-boat on the canal from Fort Wayne to Hunt¬ ington. This was called the Indiana.

The first omnibus line was started in February, 1857, by James Walker ; the office was in the city bank, on Clinton street; present office with F. P. Randall.

Hack lines were subsequently run to the following points : Daily to Bluffton until completion of Muncie Railroad mail ; daily to Decatur until completion of Richmond Railroad mail ; daily to Kendallville until completion of Grand Rapids Indiana Railroad mail ; three times a week to Butler until the com¬ pletion of Jacksonville & Southeastern Railroad mail ; mail over route on horse¬ back to Liberty Mills until E. R. V. Railroad ; mail over route via stage to Marion until about 1853-54. Zanesville and Maysville hacks and mail still continue.

Canal Notes. - The first sale of canal lands was at Logansport, in October, 1830, and at Fort Wayne in October, 1832. Legislature appropriations was in the winter of 1831-32.

The commission of W. and E. C. met at Fort Wayne February 22, 1832, to carry into effect the provision of the Legislature, which required work to commence on or before March, 1832. A large concourse of people assembled on the ground west of town, when C. W. Ewing delivered an oration, after which Jordan Vigus, one of the Commissioners, with raised pick, said : "I am now about to

In the spring of 1834, the feeder canal was finished from the dam on St. Jo to the town. Water was let in in June, 1834. F. P. Tinkham built a boat and launched it in the feeder, and took a pleasure party to the dam on July 4, 1834.

Mail Routes - In 1849, Maumee route, three times a week, packet; Lo¬ gansport route, three times a week, packet; Piqua route, three times a week, stage; Elkhart route, twice a week, stage; Winchester route, twice a week, stage, Whitley - route, once a week, stage; White Pigeon route, once a week, stage; Coldwater route, once a week, stage ; St. Jo route, once a week, stage; Bluffton, once a week, stage. In 1858 - Sturgis route, daily, stage ; St. Marys, three times a week, stage; Bluffton route, twice a week, stage; Auburn route, twice a week, stage ; Goshen, twice a week, stage ; Winchester, twice a week, horseback ; St. Jo. Ohio route, once a week, horseback ; Liberty Mills, once a week, horse¬ back ; Hicksville, once a week, horseback ; Marion, once a week, horseback.

The First Daily Mail. - On Saturday evening, September 2, 1S43, the cit¬ izens of Fort Wayne held a meeting at the American House (Spencer House) for the purpose of securing a daily mail line between Toledo and La Fayette, via canal, in winter on horseback. Samuel Hama, Chairman ; S. C. Newton, Secre¬ tary; L. S. Chittenden, J. L. Williams and Hugh McCulloch, Executive Com¬ mittee. 4 '

March 19, 1847, a memorial to Congress was presented to establish a daily mail between Fort Wayne and Toledo, Ohio, by packets in summer and horse-back in winter.

Fort Avayne Saengeiibund

On the 8th day of February, 1869, the above-named organization was effected, with the following members and officers; John M. Koch, George Hare, Julius Kabish, E. Heinlein, Jack Hehs, E. F. Haberkorn, Frank Ott, Nicholas Huber, Christian Raquett, Andrew Foster, William Hahn, C. C. Gates, H. Haberkorn, Henry Lapp, Louis Hartslein, G. T. Brubeach, Samuel Freeman, Christian Hoff¬ man, Valentine Linker, Louis Wolf, Christian Wenninghoff, Otto Cummerrow, Herman Hertung, Charles Draeger, Henry Elbreght, George Strodel, Fred Michaels, George Biemer, Louis Bender, Herrman Shnure, Fred Uebelhuer, C. W. Jacobs, Christian Hettler, William Leuhrinan, A. Ruth, Gotleib Unger. John M. Koch, President; P. Raquett, Secretary; Julius Kabish, Treasurer; J. J. Weber, Musical Director.

The organization was effected in Kabish's Hall, on the north side of Main street, west of Calhoun, third floor, Lot 78, original plat. In 1870, they removed to Immel's Hall, on the south side of Berry, near Court street, Lot 110, original plat, and, in 1872, they removed to their present location, over George Strodel's, south side of Main street, between Clinton and Barr streets, Lot 60, original plat, La Fayette Hall.

On the 16th day of December, 1873, they were chartered as the Fort Wayne Saengerbund, with the following officers and members: William Hahn, Jacob Hehns, Frank Meyer, Emanuel Heinlein. J. M. Josse and John M. Koch as charter members. Emiel Haberkorn, President; Charles Drager, Recording Sec¬ retary ; Henry Lapp, Financial Secretary ; George Strodel, Treasurer ; P. Medler,

The following conventions have been attended in a body : North American Saengerbund in 1870, C. Raquett and Jack Hess, Delegates, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Toledo, Ohio, 1871; Cleveland, Ohio, 1875; Louisville, Ky., 1877; Cincinnati, Ohio, 1879.

Martial Bands

Fairfield's Band organized in 1846. John Fairfield, Charles Edwards, snare drummers; James Humbert, bass drummer; Steven Sythens and David Lunsford, Fife Majors. The organization was disbanded in 1864.

Chamberlain's Band - This was the first band here of any kind ; was or¬ ganized in 1840. Orff Chamberlain and William Chamberlain, snare drummers; Henry Chamberlain, bass drummer; Henry Smith and John Waters, Fife Majors.

Military Election

At an election held by the new infantry company, Wayne Guards, about to be started in this city, the following persons were elected, viz; S. C. Freeman, Cap¬ tain; H. Rudisill, First Lieutenant; B. B. Stevens, Second Lieutenant; 1-

First Taverns

Taverns - or, as they have been modernized into the more euphonious title of hotels - were necessary for the convenience of travelers and transient persons, especially in those early days, when settlers were few in number, and their oppor¬ tunities for administering to the wants of the hungry and wayworn voyager through the wilderness of Northern Indiana were meager and unsatisfactory. As a consequence, these institutions were in demand ; and the demand seldom remained unsatisfied. Hospitality has always been one of the' prime elements of pioneer life, and the experience of first settlers in Allen County were not excep¬ tions to the rule. Taverns and places of "entertainment" were opened - not so much, always, because of the inherent disposition on the part of the proprietors so to do, as a notice to weary sojourners that they might stop and rest and supply the wants of the inner man.

In organized society, taverns were subject to the restrictions of law, and had, therefore, to procure licenses from the recognized authorities to that end. These licenses guaranteed certain privileges appertaining to the right to keep a tavern, and were generally granted by the Board of Commissioners, or other authority doing county business, sanctioned by the Circuit Court. The first license for that purpose was granted to William Suttonfield, on the 10th of Aug¬ ust, 1824, and, on the same day, to Alexander Ewing, upon the payment, by each, of the sum of SI 2.50, the Circuit Court having previously acted upon the applications. The first was situated on the northeast corner of Barr and Columbia streets (Lot 33), and the other on the southwest corner of the same streets. Tavern rates had been fixed, as elsewhere noted, at the May session of the County Board.

Mr. Ewing's tavern, situated on Lot 63 of the original plat of Fort Wayne, known as the Washington Hall, continued under his . charge until 1829, when he was succeeded in the proprietorship by Robert Hood and v\bner Gerard. Four years later, the establishment passed into the hands of Joseph McMacken, who occupied it during the next two years. At that date, 1835, he transferred his interest to Samuel Sowers. In 1837 and 1838, the house came under the control of P. Timmons, and ceased to be used as a hotel.

Mr. McMacken, in 1835, having disposed of his interest in the Washington Hall, opened a hotel on Lot 45 of the original plat, on the northeast corner of Columbia and Calhoun streets. This site was the third, in point of time, occu¬ pied for hotel purposes in Fort Wayne. How long the original proprietor continued on the premises does not now appear - long enough, however, to cause his name and fame to descend to the present generation.

About the same time, Samuel Lillie established the Lillie Tavern on Columbia street, the third door east from the corner of Calhoun, the present site of William Shaffer's shoe store, on Lot 53 of the original town of Fort Wayne.

In 1836, John Spencer erected a hotel building on the northeast corner of the public square, which was occupied by Amos Compton, as a tavern, for some years. He was subsequently succeeded by E. Palmer in the proprietorship, who continued there until the house ceased to be used for that purpose.

Rockhill House. - William Rockhill. in 1838, commenced the building of the hotel afterward known as the Rockhill House. This building is located on Lot No. 46, Rockhill's Addition; the building, however, was not finished until about 1840, and then only the walls and roof. The interior was finished in 1853, and in 1854, Phil. Rumsey opened it to the public as a first-class hotel, and continued in it up to 1867, at which time Mr. R. closed its doors to the public. On May 20, 1878, the St. Joseph's Benevolent Association was formed, and the building pur¬ chased and converted into the St. Joseph's Hospital.

Dayman House (afterward Kime House). - This building was built in 1836, by John Trentman. The following are the parties who occupied the house from time to time : Henry Dahman, Lowe, Cleaver, Evans, Jacob Lessman, James Walker, J. J. Kime, called it Kime House. During Mr. Kime's occupancy, the building burned. The house was located on the northwest corner of Wayne and Clay streets, on Lot No. 15, Hanna's Addition.

Pah Alto House. - This building was built in 1839, by Frank Rhole, and was opened by him as a tavern, in 1840, and continued until his death. The original building, still standing, is on the southeast corner of Wayne and Calhoun streets, Lot No. 167, original plat, a frame, two stories high. After the death of Mr. Rhole it passed into the hands of George Maier, who built a two-story brick addition to the south end of the original building on the same lot, and changed the name to Maier House. Some few years since, the frame portion was removed and the business, after having passed through several persons' hands, was at this time continued under a lease to William Kirtley. The following are the various landlords that have from time to time occupied this house : Frank Rhole, Mrs. Rhole, George Maier, Mrs. Maier, H. B. Garten, Jacob Lessman, John Bull, W. H. Murtah, William Kirtley, Rhodes & Pierce, Dr. Rhodes, William Reed. Mr. Reed continues the house up to the present time.

Hedclcin House. - In the years 1843 and 1844, Michael Hedekin built a three-story brick building on the east side of Barr street, south of Columbia street, Lot 64, original plat, and on the 15th day of May, 1846, Calvin Anderson, of La Fayette, Ohio, opened it to the public as a tavern under the above name. Mr. A. continued until the 1st day of May, 1855, when he released it to J. Johnson and J- J. Knox, who continued as Johnson & Knox, till in January, 1856, when

Mr. Johnson retired, Mr. Anderson joining, and the business continuing as Ander¬ son & Knox until December 1, 1857, >Jjissrs. Anderson & Knox retired in favor of J. C. Gaylord; Mr. Gaylord was mcceeded by Ely Kerns, who continued until July 1, 1858, when he retired and H. J. H. Mills came in ; he continued until May 1, 1859, when he transferred it to a Mr. Wolf; Mr. Wolf subse¬ quently transferaed it to Avery Freeman, and in September, 1860, Mr. Dennison came in. Mr. D. finally sold to Edward Purcell, and Mr. Purcell sold back to A. Freeman; in 1876, Mr. Freeman retired in favor of the present occupant, Jacob Swaidner. The Hedekin was at one time one of the bon-ton hotels, being excelled by none in the Northwest; it stands as a monument between the past and the present, as a faithful reminder of the days of the stage and the packet, and is even now an imposing looking building, which speaks well for the taste as well as the enterprise of its builder. The house contains upward of fifty rooms.

Robinson House. - In the summer of 1S55, Mr. James Robinson built a three-story double brick building on the west side of Harrison street, at the head of Columbia, Lots 562, 3, Hanna's Addition ; in these buildings Mr. Robinson carried on the business of a shoe and leather dealer- for a number of years. In the mean time (1860-3) the north building was occupied as the post office, and latterly by the United States Express Company. In the autumn of 1871, Mr. Robinson began an overhauling and refitting of these buildings, preparatory to their use as a hotel, and in a few months thereafter, J. H. Buckels opened it to the public, as the Robinson House, under a lease from Mr. Robinson, which he con¬ tinued until the spring of 1876, when Mr. Robinson took charge iu person, and continued until his death, in 1878, when his son. Henry, took charge, and con¬ tinues at the present time. The house contains fifty-four rooms.

American House. - This building was built by Joseph Morgau; he subse¬ quently sold it to Francis Coraparet; some years later, Mr. F. P. Randall, as administrator for the estate of said Comparet, sold it to B. H. Snciders, who opened and ran it as a regular hotel, or tavern ; prior to Mr. Sneiders' purchase, however.it was run a short time as an inn, by a Mr. Butt; Mr. S. continued in the business until March 2, 1867, when it was burned ; the building was a frame, two stories high, and located on Lot No. 49, original plat, south side of Colum¬ bia, west of Calhoun; in 1868, a brick structure was erected on the same site, continuing, however, over the alley by an arch, and including a portion of Lot No. 149, Hanna's Addition ; this construction, by Mr. Sneiders, is a three-story brick. During the occupancy of C. C. Fletcher, the name of the house was changed to Tremont, and continues in that name up to the present time. The follow¬ ing are the various landlords that have from time to time occupied the house, since it has been rebuilt: J. C. Hursh, B. H. Sneiders, A. Gilbert, J. P. Jones, Chancey Oakley, B. H. Sneiders, C. C. Fletcher, Mrs. Goodman, Studer & Shoup and Brownell & Shoup.

Grand Hotel. - In the autumn of 1875, J. II. Buckels refitted a building in Hanna's Addition ; this building, a three-story brick, was built and used by Little & McCulloch as a giain warehouse and elevator, but, having been, vacated for such use and remaining unoccupied most of the time, Mr. Buckels finally leased and fitted it for the above purpose, and continues as its landlord at the present time ; the house has twenty-seven rooms.

Aveline House. - This building is a four-story brick, located on Lot No. 107, original plat, at the southeast corner of Berry and Calhoun streets; it was built by Francis Aveline, in the summer of 1860, and in 1861 was opened by him as a hotel; it was subsequently leased to Henry Fox, and afterward to Miller & Moritz; at the expiration of Messrs. M. & M.'s lease, it was leased to one Mr. McDonald, after which it was occupied by Mrs. Julia A. Aveline for a time, she finally leasing again to Messrs. Miller & Moritz; these gentlemen, the present proprietors, soon after purchased the realty ; this house, at this time, is the largest and most commodious in the city, as well as the most central.

Hugh Hanna came here in 1826-27; he was among the first carpenters. He and Maj. Edsall engaged in the construction of a court house on the public square, for which they were deeded lots on the west side of La Fayette street, south of the canal, for the construction of this building. Their shop was located on the north side of Columbia street, west of Calhoun, on Lot No. 47, original plat. John Majors came here, in 1836, from La Fayette, Ind. ; was a carpenter, and had a shop located on Berry street, south side, between Calhoun and Clinton, on Lot No. 108, original plat, where he was located for many years. He was en¬ gaged on the construction of the first church (Catholic) ever built here, in the years 1836-37.

Planing-Mill

In 1853, George Humphrey and Orrin D. Hurd established a sash-factory on the north side of Pearl and west of Fulton street, and conducted the business under the style of Humphrey & Hurd until 1869, when Mr. Humphrey retired, and John Cochran was admitted, and the firm of Cochran & Hurd was formed ; these gentlemen continued until 1863, when the works were destroyed by fire. In this year, and immediately after this fire, John Cochran, George Humphrey and William McFee formed a partnership, under the style of Cochran, Humphrey & Co., and constructed new shops, erected immediately to the east of the old one, on the north side of Pearl, between Fulton and Griffith streets. Here they con¬ ducted the business of manufacturing sash, doors and blinds, without change in the management, until 1877, when Mr. McFee retired, the business continuing, however, as Cochran & Humphrey up to this time. The following is an exhibit of the machinery, etc., in the buildings at this date : First floor - one double planer, one flooring machine, one rip saw, one cross-cut saw. Second floor - two sticking machines, two mortising machines, one rip saw, one cross-cut saw, one shaping machine, one paneling machine, two tenoning machines, one slat-tenoning machine, two sand-papering machines, one turning lathe.

Road Scraper And Leveler

This factory was located on the north side of Duck alley, on Lot 6, Eliza Hanna's Subdivision, and was fitted up as a sash factory by Wm Robinson in 1S41-42 the power was from re-action wheels in the tail-race of the City Mills, over Wl,ich the building stood. The machinery was brought from Cleveland, Ohio via Detroit, Mich. Mr. liobinsdn remained in the business about twelve or fifteen months, when lie died, and w'Ss succeeded by Hill & Williams, who con¬ tinued for a time, and finally sold to James Howe. In ihc spring of 1851, Mr. Hoive sold to Vilen Hamilton and J. L. Williams, who immediately leased it to Reuben Fronficld. Mr. Fronfiffl continued the business until the spring of 1853, when Robert Todd was admitted, and the business, under the style ot lTonheld & Todd, continued until the 1st of May, 1873, when the machinery was removed, and the building vacated.

Furniture Factory

Mr. Winslow Pierce having built a cooper-shop on the north side of Pearl, west of Ewino street, carried on that business until 1870, when he formed a partnership with A. J. Emerick, under the style of limerick & Pierce. This firm built an addition immediately in front and to the south of this shop, and put in the necessary machinery to conduct the manufacture of furniture and material. Tins was the "first attempt, in this direction, made in this city. In 1870, Mr. Pierce retired and Mr Emerick continued until October, 1871, when he formed a part¬ nership with .J. Burkholder, under the style of Emerick & Burkholder, which continued until April 18, 187-1, when Mr. Emerick retired, and Mr. Burkholder continued. On February H, 1870, these buildings were burned. The number of hands employed varied from twenty-five to thirty. The machinery was as follows : One surface planer, one power mortising machine, one tenoning machine, one shaping machine, three table saws, one routing machine, one turning lathe, one twenty-horse-power engine.

In April, 1879, Messrs. Burkholder & Co. improved a two-story brick on the south side of Water, west of Clinton street (this building having been previously built by Turner Bros, for a box-factory), and fitted the building with the neces¬ sary machinery for manufacturing furniture, which they continue at the present time, employing constantly ten men, and operate the following machinery : One surface planer, one boring machine, one tenoning machine, one swing saw, two table saws, one turning lathe, one band saw, one shaping machine, one routing machine, one forty-horse-power engine, one tubular boiler ; the amount of capital invested is §16,000.

Organ Factory

In 1872, the Fort Wayne Organ Company was organized, with a capital stock of §40.000. and the following officers were elected : S. B. Bond, President ;

.J. D. Bond, Treasurer ; G E. Burnley, Secretary and Manager, and R. F. Keith, Superintendent. The location is in "South Wayne," on the east side of Fairfield avenue. In 1878, all the officers were re-elected with the exception of J.

D. Bond, deceased - in his stead, Charles Bond. The size of the building is fourstory brick, 40x1110 feet, with an L in two stories, 20x40 feet ; storehouse, j (frame), 20x40 feet; horse-power of engine (14x28), 60; number of hands employed, 60 ; number of organs manufactured per year, 1,200; main build- | ing, office, etc., three-story brick, 40x150 feet ; one building, three stories, 40x120 feet ; one building, two stories, 30x150 feet ; one building, two stories, 60x150 feet ; ten 'storehouses, averaging each 30x150 feet ; drying capacity of spokes, 200,000; number of sets of wheels per day, 100; number of spokes per day, 1,200 ; bent stock (in sets) per day, 150 ; seats per day, 100 ; number of hands employed, 550; horse-power of engines, 100 ; frontage on Toledo street, 600 feet ; on Clay street, 300 feet ; total acres, 5.

In 1870, J. C. Peters built a building, 40x60 feet, on the present site of the Peters Box and Lumber Company, and conducted the business of cigar-box manufacturing. In 1873, Joseph Scheffer and Charles Pape were admitted, and a firm was inaugurated under the style of Peters & Co. This business continued until November 26, 1873, when the Peters Box and Lumber Company was organized. The new firm erected extensive buildings, enlarged the capacity, etc., etc., the locality being on Lot 14 of Hanna's Out-Lots, and on the south side of High street. On the 26th day of November following, the business was merged into a joint-stock company, with an authorized paid-up capital of §55,000. J. C. Peters was elected President; B. D. Angel, Secretary ; Joseph Scheffer, Treas¬ urer; Charles Pape, Superintendent of works. Under this management, the mills were again materially enlarged, capacity nearly trebled, and the number of employes increased twenty-five per cent. This management continued, with a few changes in the officers, up to the 28th of November, 1878, when the following officers were elected: C. Pape, President ; Joseph Scheffer, Treasurer; W. J. Eckels, Secretary, the business continuing up to the present time. The followin0, is a summary of the magnitude of these works, together with their capacity : Fiontage on High street, 300 feet; amount of ground occupied in acres, 3.25; main building, three and one-half stories high, slate roof, brick, 40x80 feet ; saw¬ mill (frame), 40x60 feet; engine-room, 20x40 feet; boiler-room, 20x40 feet; tobacco-pail factory, two stories, 25x60 feet; repair-shop and stave-mill, connected with main building, 25x40 feet; dry-houses, four in number, 12 feet high, each 12x16 feet; office. 15x30 feet; carpenter-shop, 10x20 feet; additional dryingroom, capacity 20,000 feet; total area of floor room 20,000 feet; maximum num¬ ber of hands employed, 100 ; maximum number of head of horses employed, 20; maximum capacity of iumber sawed per day, 15,000 feet; average ship¬ ments iu car-loads fur 1878, 360; horse-power of engine, 80; total number of planers. 4; total capacity of planers per day, 15,000 feet; band-saws for log-cutting, 2; capacity per day, 15,000 feet; veneer saws, sixty-inch, 1; capacity per day. 1 5,000 feet ; seventeen other saws for cutting " dimension stuff."

N. G. Olds And Son

In 1861, Noble G. Olds came to Fort Wayne and established himself in business by the erection of a building 30x100 feet, on the corner of La Fayette and Toledo^strcets, immediately south of the Wabash Railroad; in this he put the necessary machinery and began tlt<; manufacture of matched material. Subse¬ quently, Samuel Hanna was admitted, and the firm of Olds & Hanna joined this firm, adding bent-work, etc., and continued the business with increar-ed vigor and capital. Mr. Hanna, however, finally withdrew, and Mr. Olds continued, admitting his sons, and changing the style to N. G. Olds & Sons. In January, 1876, Mr. N. G. Olds died, but by this decease no change or rupture was occasioned in the business ; his son, Henry, taking direct charge of the concern, moved it forward with increased vigor. Mr. N. G. Olds was indefatigable in his endeavor to built up a a business that would not only redound to his credit, hut that would confer a permanent benefit upon the citizens of this city. In this he succeeded most admirably, and left, in his sons, no less of the same sagacious judgment and sterling business integrity. Soon after the thorough iuaugurutiou of the business, felloes, shafts, etc., etc., having been manufactured, they added the manufacture of spokes, having in the mean time increased their factory facilities. In 1865, they began the manufacture of the Warner patent wheel, and continued until in 1872, at which time they began the manufacture of a wheel patented by them¬ selves, and known as the Olds Wheel, ceasing the manufacture of the Warner. In June, 1871, having taken out letters-patent of a buggy or wagon scat, tin y added this to the other branches, completing the Facilities for the construction ut seats, bodies and bent- work ; from time lo time, large additions have been made both in grounds, building and machinery, the latter of which embraces, in various numbers, all the latest and improved styles, and numbers, in prices and variety, among the hundreds.

Lumber Company

This business was originally established by Andrews & Oak¬ ley, and in 1861 and 1862, the firm changed to Clark & Co., and in 1865, John Rhinesmith was admitted, continuing until 1871, when the partnership was merged into a joint-stock company, with a paid-up capital of §60,000, which was subsequently increased to SS0, 000. The following were the officers elected at the time of incorporation : J. H. Clark, President; C. D. Bond, Treasurer; and J. H. Simonson, Secretary; the subsequent death of Mr. C. D. Bond caused a vacancy, which was immediately filled by S. B. Bond ; the Board of Directors were: J. H. Clark, John Rhinesmith, J. H. Simonson, S. B. Bond and William Flaming. Extensive lumber fields in Michigan were purchased, and large mills erected, with capacity of turning out 70,000 feet of lumber per day, employing from 100 to 125 men; in 1864, they built a mill for the purpose of dressing lumber. The following is an exhibit of the business of this company at this point: In 1873, 3,000,000 feet of pine, 1.000,000 feet of poplar, 600,000 feet of ash, 5,000,000 shingles, and 1,250,000 lath. This company continued until 1875, at which time it was dissolved, and the firm of Rhinesmith & Simonson was established.

In 1843, Henry Work and Samuel Hanna built a tannery of forty vats, on the north side of the canal, and west of the southwest corner of Barr and Water streets, on Lot No. 30, original plat, and conducted the business of tanners and curriers, under the name of Work & Hanna, until July 1, 1848, when it was burned down. Messrs. Work & Hanna rebuilt immediately on the same site, and called the new building the Phoenix Tannery. This building was a substan¬ tial brick, and contained forty vats, together with a steam engine of fifteenhorse power. In 1851, Mr. Work retired and Jacob Fry and T. P. Anderson were admitted, the business continuing under the name of Hanna. Anderson &

' Co. until 1853, when Messrs. Hanna and Anderson withdrew, and Mr. Fry con¬ tinuing under the name of Jacob Fry. In 1854, Mr. Fry vacated the tannery.

southeast corner of Columbia and Harrison streets, on Lot No. 564, Hanna's Addi¬ tion, and conducted the business of tanners and curriers under the firm name of Marquis & Holcomb, until 1833, when Messrs. Marquis & Holcomb sold to Henry Work, who continued until 1835, when David and Robert Work and Jacob Fry were admitted, and business continued as Henry Work & Co. until : 1836, when Henry, Hubert and David. -Work retired, and -Charles Paige was ad- I mitted, the business continuing under the name of Paige & Fry. In 1842-43, Mr. Fry sold his interest to James Robinson, who continued the business under the name of Robinson & Paige. This firm vacated this tannery and removed to 1 their new building, immediately opposite and west, on Lot 563, Hanna's Addition, and continned, Mr. Fry as foreman. Afterward % Mr. Paige withdrew, and Mr. Robinson continued under the firm name of James Robinson. Later, Mr. Robinson vacated this tannery. The building was a frame, with forty vats, and horse power. In 1846-47, James Paige, William Thorpe and Conrad Nill joined : a partnership under the name of Paige, Thorp & Nill. This firm built a tannery ; on north side of the canal, on Lot No. 568, Hanna's Addition, immediately west of Harrison street; they continued until Thorp and Nill withdrew. James Paige continued the business up to 1853-54, when he retired, and a new firm was formed tinder the name of Fry & Checsman, who continued until 1859,

' when Mr. Fry retired and Mr. Cheesman continued under the name of D. Chees- I man. Mr. Cheesman continued the business until his death in 1861, at which withdrew, and Manok and Shellhorn continued under same name until, when Sliellhoru withdrew and Koester was admitted, the business going forward under the name of Manok & Koester, until the death of Mr. Manok, when Mr. Koester assumed the entire control and continued the business until it was vacated. The building was a frame, with twenty-eight vats, and up to Mr. Paige s occupancy was run by horse power. He, however, on coming iuto indi¬ vidual possession, put in a steam engine of about ten-horse power.

Later, Philo Taylor and Allred Hubbejl built a tannery of twenty-five vats on the north side of the- canal and east of Harrison street, Lot 567, Hanna's Addition. This building was a two-story frame, and had a horse-power. Mr. Hubbell subsequently withdrew, and Mr. Taylor continued until his death, when it was vacated as a tannery.

M adore Trickey (or Truckey) came here in about 1828, and made kegs and barrels fu® the Indians and traders, and continued the business until about 1834 or 1835. Jesse Swigart came here in about 1841, and was located in the cooper business on the alley between 'Columbia and Main streets, in the rear of what is now a cigar factory; was on Lot No. 52, original plat. He continued here until about 1845 or 1846.

Ball & Johnston were engaged in the cooper business, from about 1843 to 1846; were located on the south side of Pearl street, between Harrison and Maiden Lane, on Lot No. 546, Hanna's Addition.

Stave, Heading And Cooperage Works

In 1870, Payne Aynsworth & Co. built a factory on the west side of the G., R. & I. R. R , immediately south of the canal, and continued the abovenamed business until 1874, when John H. Cody and Killian Baker, joinin" a partnership, under the style of J. H. Cody & Co', succeeded to the business, a^nd continued until 1876, when the works were destroyed by fire. The cooperate portion, however, was continued for a few months after, but was also destroyed by fire in the same year. These works employed, when in full operation, upward of fifty men.

Tress-Iioop Manufactory

In July, 18<5, Henry Stephen and S. D. Bitler formed a partnership, under the style of H. Stephen & Co., and began the manufacture of tress-hoops on the west side of Calhoun, north of Lewis street, on the 3d of February, 1879. Their improvements were consumed by fire. In March, 1879, they rebuilt on their present location, northwest corner of Wayne and College. The following is a summary of their business, etc.: Size of ground, in feet, 142x198; main budd¬ ing, frame, one story, 32x60 ; building and shaping-room, frame, one story, 20x60. The machinery consists of cones, steam-benders, frames, etc. Manufactured per day, in sets of 6, 20; number of hands employed, 10; amount of capital invested, §10,000.

Stave And Heading Factory

In 1870, W. Ranke, W. Yergans, Fred Brandt and Chris Hettler estab¬ lished the business known as Ranke, Yergans & Co., and began the manufacture of staves and heading. The location is on Block 5, Ewing's Addition, north of Canal and west of Ewing street. Mr. Hettler subsequently withdrew. The firm, however, continued without further change up to the-present time. We append below an exhibit of the size and capacity of these works : Size of main buildin" (two stories), 40x80 feet; sheds, total length in feet, 700; steam-heaters (seven in number), capacity per day, 22 cords; number of saws (one 44, one 36, two 30, one 24), 6 ; average capacity per day of all saws, 30 cords ; number of staves manufactured per day, 20,000; number of barrels of heading, 75; number of sets to the barrel, 25; number of men employed (night and day), 54; horse¬ power of engine, 25 ; amount of capital invested, §50,000.

A Frenchman by the name of Louisanau was the first blacksmith here. He came in about 1812-14, and was located in the garrison, under an appointment from the Government. The remains of his shop were discovered in making an excavation for the residence of Judge Carson on Berry street, Lot 53, County Addition. Holloway Cushman came here in 1828, and located on' the south side of Berry street, east of the corner of Calhoun, on Lot No. 109, original plat. John Cook came here about 1827, and located at the " Hoboken." Philip Cook came here in about 1828, and located with his brother at the "Hoboken." In about 1841-42, he located on Lot No. 76, original plat, at the northeast corner of Main and Calhoun streets, where hecontinucd until about 1850-51. Jacob King came here in about 1835-36, and engaged as a blacksmith. Had his shop on Lot 75, original plat, on the north side of Main street, east of Calhoun. He removed his shop to Lot No. 99, original plat, where he continued the business. Louis Wolke came here in 1S40, and was located as a blacksmith on Lot No. 52, orig¬ inal plat, on the east side of Calhoun street, between Columbia and Main streets, <>n the north side of an alley. Hainan Ilitz came here in 1840, and was located in the shop with Louis Wolke as a blacksmith.

Fort Wayne Steel-Plow Works

In January, 1852, Adam D. Reid came here and began the manufacture, in a small way, of steel plows. He first located on the north side of Water, east of | Clinton street, Lot No. 5. original plat. He remained here until the summer of 1854, when he removed to the south side of Main, west of Harrison street, Lot ' No. 537, Hanna's Addition. In June, 1857, he again removed; this time on the I southwest corner of Main and Maiden Lane, into a two-story, previously built by I Stanley and Oliver Blystone. Here Mr. Reid began, in a more extensive way, the further prosecution of the plow business, but, on account of failing health, was obliged to retire, which he did, in favo* of Messrs. Meesing & Liggett, in 1868. During the latter part of the year, however, and about six months subsequent to his retirement, he came into possession of Mr. Meesing's interest. About this time, a steam engine and oilier machinery were added. Prior to this, and in 1859, Mr. Reid built a frame building on the corner of this lot. In the year following Mr. Meesing s demise, Mr. Reid came into full possession by the retiring of Mr. Liggett. He continued without change until 1870. when he joined a partnership with Anson Warring, under the style of Reid & Warring. This continued until the summer of 1871, when Joseph K. Edgerton was admitted as a silent partner, and represented in the person of George Nelson. This firm was kuown as Reid, Warring & Nelson. They immediately began extensive improvements, building a brick building, 50x100 feet, the blacksmith-shop one story, and the remaining two stories high. In these buildings were thirteen fires; in an adjoining building two additiunal fires, one steam-hammer, three perpendicular drill presses, one band saw, two emery wheels, two emery bands, one oven, one shaping machine, one boring machine, one hand-planing machine, special, one forty-horse-power engine, and from forty to fifty men on the pay-roll. In 1872, Mr. Warring retired, and on March 4, 1875, Mr. Reid retired, leaving Mr. Edgerton in sole possession and control. The works, however, have not, since 1875, been run to their full capacity, they, however, employ twenty men and turn out all kinds of plows, scrapers, road levelers, grain and seed cleaners, harrows, etc. Mr. Edgerton ships all over the West.

Stove Works

In June, 1876, T. R. Pickard & Sons built a stove foundry on the north side of Seventh street, west of Barr, immediately east of the Ft. W., J. & S. R. R., and commenced the business of manufacturing stoves, which they have continued up to the present time. The following is an exhibit of the capacity and size of the works : Foundry, 60x105 ; mounting room, 40x90 ; general shop, 20x30 ; cupolas, 1 ; cupolas capacity per day, 5 tons ; number of hands employed, 25 ; capacity of stores per year, 1,200 ; horse-power of engine, 25.

Plumbing And Brass Work8

In 1855, Mr. Barker and B. W. Oakley, engaged in a partnership to conduct the business of plumbing and gas fitting, and were located on Columbia street. Subsequently, Mr. B. retired, and C. B. Oakley was admitted, the business going forward under the name of B. W. Oakley & Son. In 1856, Alfred Hattcrsley succeeded to the business, and removed the shop to the north side of Main street, east of Harrison, and continued there until 1861-62, when he built and removed to the sputh side of Main street, between Barr and Clinton, on Lot 87, original plat, this building is 30x100 feet; where he has since continued business. For many years, Mr. H. done all of his work upon a foot lathe, but, upon his removal to his present site, he put in a steam engine, with other necessary machinery. He now runs quite extensive works, and employs several meu. Mr. H. also deals extensively in all the various gas and water pipes, together with the usual fixtures.

Hub, Spoke And Wheel Factory

In 1870-71, A. C. Tucker began, in a small way, the manufacture of spokes and hubs. His building, a small frame containing a fifteen-horse-power engine, was located on the south side of Dwenger street, east of Glasgow avenue, present site of Boseker & White's Spoke and Hub Factory. In 1874, J. B. White purchased these works from Mr. Tucker, and continued in the business until 1876, when Christ Boseker was admitted, and the business continued as Boseker & White. This firm added large additions, put in new and more exten¬ sive machinery, and increased the number of hands. The works and yard located on the south side of Dwenger avenue and west of Lincoln street, cover the following lots, in White's Fourth Addition, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,22. The following is an exhibit of the size of the works, machinery, manufacturing, etc.: size of main building, two stories high, 40x120 ; size of wheel-room, two stories high, 40x72; size of storage- room, 30x60 ; size of sheds, 25x200 ; size of office, 20x30 ; horse-power of engine, 80 ; number of hands employed, SO ; Blanchard lathes, 5 ; hub mortisers, 1 ; miter machine, 1 ; center saw, 1 ; facing machine, 1 ; plankiug saw, 1 ; throaters, 2 ; felloe finisher, 1 ; sculler, 1 ; table circular saws, 5 ; lathes, 3 ; felloe bender, 1.

Stone And Marble Works

In 1856, A. J. Mershon built a building on the north side of Main street, immediately east of Cass, and established the business of marble-cutting. In May or Juue, 1857, he sold to P. S. Underhill, Mr. Underhill continuing the business until the spring of 1859, when he transferred to J. W. & W. R Underhill, these gentlemen continuing until 1860, when they retired in favor of P. S. Underhill, who continued till the spring of 1863, when a Mr. Jones was j admitted in a third-interest. This, however, was transferred back to Mr. Under¬ hill, in the fall of this year. In 1866, Byron Thompson and C. A. Zollinger 1 purchased an interest, and closed it out to P. S. Underhill in the fall of 1867. In 1868. a Mr. Lawson continued the busiuess. probably under lease from Mr. Underhill. On March 10, 1871, P. S. Underhill, having in the mean time continued as the holder of the realty, etc., sold to F. W. Underhill and A. J. Mattison. October 9, 1871, Mr. Mattison lost his life in the Chicago fire, the business continuing in the name of E. L. Billings, as Mr. Mattison's representa¬ tive. In 1872, D. Markley purchased this interest, and continued with Mr. Underhill until February, 1873, when Mr. Markley sold to Elliott Smith, Mr. Smith purchasing Mr. Underhill's interest, also, in August of this year - this last interest, in fact, going to P. S. Underhill. In the spring of 1S74. F. W. Under¬ hill and J. E. Copgdon purchased the works. February 2, 187S, J. E. Congdon sold to Harriet 0. Underhill. July 9, 1879, F. W. Underhill and H. O. Under¬ hill sold to George C. Underhill, who continues at this time. The works are now known as Underhill's Marble Works.

In July, 1878, S. Keller and C. Brunner began the business of marblecutting on the northeast corner of Main and Griffith streets. The building is a frame, 24x50, one and one-half stories high. They employ three hands, and manufacture the usual line of monuments and headstones. The style of the firm is Keller & Brunner.

James Humphries established, in 1834 and 1835, the works located on the west side of Fulton street, north of Main street, on either side of Pearl street. Block 15, -Ewing's Addition, and Lots 1, 2 and 3, of Rockhill's Addi¬ tion. In 1841, John Brown was admitted, and the business went forward under the name of Brown & Humphries until Mr. Brown retired, Mr. Humphries continuing until 1865, when Christian Becker and Arnold Sutermeister became members of the firm, the style being J. Humphries & Co. Sub¬ sequently, Mr. Humphries died, and the firm became Sutermeister & Becker, who continued until 1871, when H. W. Bond was admitted, and the business con¬ tinued under name of Sutermeister, Becker & Bond, who enlarged the shop and machinery, adding a uew steam engine, a rubbing-bed, consisting of a cast-iron plate 10 feet iu diameter, and weighing 9,000 pounds, which makes 120 revo¬ lutions per minute. In 1871, Charles Birkner was admitted. In 1874, the management was changed to Sutermeister &,Co., by the retirement of Mr. Bond.

In 1877, Mr. Becker retired, the style of the firm continuing. In July, 1879, Mr. Birkner'retired, the business continuing as A. Sutermeister's. Size of buildings, one, 80x20 feet, two stories; one, 40x30 feet ; one, 70x30 feet, with one L 30x40; one, 70x20 feet, two stories, and a shed, 40x30 feet. Steam engine, horse-power, 30; number of hands employed, average, 15; stone-saws, Merriman patent, 2 ; amount of capital invested, 325,000.

In 1841-42, William G. and Washington Ewing built a warehouse on the north side of Pearl, between Ewing and Griffith streets, and occupied it for the purpose of fur packing, until about 1845-40, when they leased it to a firm by the of Newton & Greene, who continued it as a commission and storage house for a short time, when they dissolved, and the house was vacated ; thus it remained for a number of years; a few years since, it was fitted up as a furniture manufactory, and this business continued up to December 28, 1865, when it was totally con¬ sumed by fire.

In 1847, Peter P. Bailey built, on the north bank of the canal, a grain warehouse. This building was a two story frame, and was located immediately east and adjoining Clinton street. Mr. Bailey carried on for a number of years an extensive storage, forwarding and commission business. He subsequently vacated the building, and William S. Edsall fitted it up as a packing-house, but did not continue it long. The building was finally burned.

Forwarding And Commission

Drusin and J. F. Nichols built a warehouse on the north side of Columbia, between Calhoun and Harrison streets, on Lot 154, Hanna's Addition ; and engaged in the forwarding and commission business, under the name of Nichols & Co. In 1845, J. F. Nichols died ; in about 1S47, P. Hoagland formed a part¬ nership under the name of Nichols and Hoagland ; in 1848, John E. Hill and Alexander Orbison formed a partnership under the name of Hill & Orbison ; in 1849, this firm came into full possession of the entire property, and in 1851, built a brick addition 40x70 feet, extending to Columbia street. In August, 1856, this addition burned, but was immediately rebuilt. In 1870, Mr. Hill retired, and R. C. Filson was admitted in 1S71, the firm was Orbison & Filson ; removed to the northwest corner of Columbia and Barr streets, Lot No. 65, original plat. Mr. F. dying soon after, A. J. H. Mills joined Mr. O. and contin¬ ued the business under the firm name of Orbison & Mills, up to the present time.

Packing-House

In 1878, Fred Eckert built the packing-house on the west side of the city, on Mill Creek, near the Ft. W., M. & C. R. R. ; the following is an exhibit of the capacity and extent of the concern : Maximum number of head slaughtered in twenty-four hours ; hogs, 250, in season ; cattle, 12, average. The steam rendering tanks, three vats, one steam boiler. The building is brick, the ice¬ house occupying a third and one-half story, the remaining building, such as killingroom, cleaning-rooms, rendering and packing rooms, are located in that portion of the building which is two stories high.

Dyer

A. S. Jerman came herein 1851, from Troy, N. Y., and engaged in the business of a dyer, was located on the corner of Calhoun and Berry streets, Lot No. 107, original plat, present site of the Aveline House. In 1855, he removed to East Main street, north side, between Clinton and Catham, on Lot No. 72 original plat. In 1857. he again removed to West Main street, north side, between Harrison and Maiden Lane, Lot 548, Hanna's Addition. In 1859, he removed to the south side of Water street, on Lot 568, Hanna's Addition, at the foot of Plum street, where he Continued this business until his death, March 24 1874.

Soap Factory

In October, 1878, McKeene & O'Rourke built a soap-factory on the west Bide of Glasgow avenue, immediately north of the'' canal, on Lot No. 160,

White's Fourth Addition, and commenced the manufacture of toilet, bath and laundry soaps. Size of building, one-story frame, 80x30; size of engine, horse- - power. 5; number of hands employed, 5; capacity of kettle in pounds, 12,000; amount of manufacture per week, 12,000. This factory also manufactures a brand of bluing, branded the " Favorite."

In 1836, William Rockhill built a distillery on the north bank of the canal, immediately in the right of way of the G. R. & I. R. R. This building was a two-story hewed log. It was subsequently run by a man by the name of Hays. Was vacated about 1841. In 1840, Francis Comparet built a two-story frame building on the south side of the canal, about 300 feet east of the present crossing of Coombs street over said canal, and fitted the same for a distillery, which he continued in operation until 1842, when he leased it to Jesse Smith and J. Dud¬ ley, who continued the business of distilling as Smith & Dudley for several years, when they vacated the building and moved to Peru, Ind. Ou December 3, 1848, Council passed an ordinance to prohibit any distilleries inside the city limits.

In 1853-54, Phenning built a brewery on the east side of Harrison street north of Wayne, on Lot No. 491, Hanna's Addition. He continued the business of brewing lager beer until his death, when the brewery passed into the hands of George Maier. In 1860, George Horning rented it and run it until 1862, when he purchased it. In 1866, he built cellars, etc., on Main street, north side, west of Van Burcn, and in 1874 removed all the brewing machinery and apparatus into a complete brewery built on this site at this time. He continues in the business up to the present time on this site. The building is of brick and has a ten-horse-power steam engine and all necessary apparatus, together with an ice¬ house 20x60 feet. Capacity annually, 2.500 barrels. In 1856, F. J. Beck improved a brewery on the south bank of the feeder canal, and immediately east of the half-quarter line in the northwest quarter of Section 2, Township 30, Range 12 east. He continued in the business of manufacturing lager beer until 1869, when he was succeeded by Messrs. Cerlia & Rankert, he having in the mean time made exteusive improvements. Mr. Rankert subsequently withdrew, and a partnership was effected under the style of Rankert, Lutz & Co. This firm continues at the present time, employing from six to eight men, and they manufacture from four to five thousand barrels of beer per annum. In 1855-56, Mr. Harman A. Nierman built a brewery on the southwest corner of Water and Harrison streets. This brewery was familiarly known as the " Stone Brewery." In this building Mr. Nierman conducted the business of brewing lager beer up to the time of his death. In the mean time, his" brother Martin was connected with him. The building was subsequently sold and converted into bottling works. The brewery used per year 30,000 bushels of barley and 25,000 pounds of hops. The capital invested at that time was about 320,000. In 1862, a French brewery was built by Charles Centliver on the St. Joseph River, near the feeder canal, on Spy Run avenue, and named it "French Brewrie." From year to year, Mr. Centliver has improved and enlarged these works until they embrace the following proportions and capacity : Size of brewery in feet (two stories, frame), 65x200; cellars (twelve feet high), 20x356; amount of malt consumed per annum, 16,000 bushels; hops, 11,000 pounds; capacity (maxi¬ mum) of barrels of Deer per annum, 15,000; amount manufactured, 8,000; capacity of ice-houses, 5,000 tons ; storage capacity in barrels, 3,000 ; capital invested, 840,000 ; number of hands employed, 20; horse-power of engine, 18. Charles Centliver continues the business up to this time. In 1865, the Eagle Brewery was built by John M. Iliedmiller on Out-Lot No. 11, Ewing's Addition, on the east side of Eagle and north of Riedmiller street, who continued the busi¬ ness of brewing lager beer until the 26th of September, 1878, at which time he discontinued the business and leased the buildings to the Buckeye Lager Beer Company, of Toledo, who now use it as a storage for their beer. The following is the size and capacity of said works : Main building (frame), two stories, 26x 40; power building (frame), 26x30 ; beer cooler building (frame), 25x35 ; ice¬ house, 26x45; stone cellars, 22x40; stable, 18x26. Capacity per annum in barrels, 300 ; number of men employed, 3 ; amount of capital invested (includ¬ ing ground), 85,000. Later, Mr. Stultzman built a brewery near the corner of Wayne and Monroe streets, and continued in the business of brewing lager beer until he transferred the improvement to Mr. Guntner, who continued until 1865, when he leased it to Jacob K egg, who ran it until 1868. In September of that year, it came into the hands of Martin Smith, who continued until the 1st of September, 1869, when a partnership was formed under the style of Linker, Hey & Co., who took possession of the brewery and remodeled and increased its capacity to the following size and proportions : Main building (frame) two stories, 20x40 ; cellars, two in number, 20x30 and 20x40 ; horse-power of engine, 8 ; number of men employed, 5; capacity in barrels per annum, 2,000. The improvement now belongs to H. N. Ward, and is vacated as a brewery. Subsequently, Messrs. Linker, Hey & Co., having vacated their old brewery, built a new one on the west side of Wabash avenue, south of Washington street, on Lots 87 and 88, White's First Addition, with the following size and capacity : Main building (two-stories frame), 54x140; engine-room, 14x28; saloon (one-story frame), 20x50; ice-houses (three in number), 44x84, 30x70, 54x20; total capacity in tons, 3,000 ; amount of hops consumed per annum, 5,000 pounds; malt per annum, 12,000 bushels; amount of beer brewed per annum, 3,000 bar¬ rels; horse-power of engine, 16 ; number of hands employed, 7 ; amount of cap¬ ital invested, 840,000.

Livery Stables

Jackson Swain came herefrom Wayne County, Ohio, in 1844, and engaged in the livery business on the west side of Calhoun street, north of Columbia, on Lot

46, original plat. He was joined by Hugh McClarren in a partnership iu 1853, and the business was carried ou under the name of Swain & McClarren. In 1856, they removed to the then " Spencer House Barn," on Lot 581 , original plat. They continued here until June 10, 1859, at which time the barn burned. J. Kiug having purchased and removed the old Methodist Church to Lot 105, origi¬ nal plat - south side of Berry, west of Calhoun street, present site of the Fruit House - they purchased the building of Mr. King, erected a brick front, and otherwise improved the place for a livery stable. In these 'buildings they con¬ tinued until 1862, when Mr. McClarren died; Mr. Swain continuing the business until his death in 1870, when it ceased to be used as a livery stable.

Reed & Daniels started in the livery business on the north side of Pearl alley in a two-story brick building, located immediately east of Calhoun street. They continued here until November, 1855, when they built a new stable, 40x90 feet, brick, two stories high, located on the east side of Court street, present site of Foster's block. Mr. Daniels subsequently withdrew, and Alex. Wiley was admit¬ ted, and the business continued as Reed & Wiley. In 1868, Mr. Wiley having retired, and Mr. A. J. Reed continuing, he built a new stable on Wayne street, north side, west of Calhoun, Lot 133, original plat, where he continues at the pres¬ ent time.

Fire Department

The Fort Wayne Fire Department was regularly organized in 1856. Prior to this time, there existed two organizations - one called the Anthony Wayne, which was organized in 1841, and continued some years. Their apparatus con¬ sisted of a Jeffries "gallery engine," with side brakes, and a two-wheel hose cart, and about 500 feet of leather-riveted hose ; this apparatus was purchased of Platt & Co. in 1841, and cost $587. Their engine-house was located on the east side of Clinton street, north of Main, and afterward in an old market-house on the north end of the present market space on Barr street. Later, they disbanded. In January, 1842, a special act passed both houses of the Legislature, exempting this company from working on roads and serving on juries. Friday, August 22, 1842, W. L Moon was allowed 8124 for making 150 feet of hose.

The other organization was called the Hermans, and was organized in 1848. Their apparatus consisted of a side-brake Button engine, a two-wheel hose cart, and about 1,000 feet of leather-riveted hose - all of which arrived here in Novem¬ ber, 1848. Their engine-house was on the west side of Clinton street, north of Berry, on Lot No. 100, original plat; the building, a one-story brick, was demol¬ ished in 1863.

On the 10th day of August, 1856, an organization called the Alert Engine and Hose Company was duly inaugurated, and all the machinery,, etc., of the^late Hermans was transferred over to them, which they continued to use until January 13, 1868, when they gave it back to the city, and re-organized into an indepen¬ dent hook and ladder company.

Hand Five Engine - In 1859. the city purchased a " double decker " hand engine, and not meeting the desire of the city, she was returned Soon after. It arrived here in September, 1859.

Fire Limits. - On December 3, 1848, the Common Council established the fire limits as follows : Barr street on the east, Main street on the south, Harrison on the west, and the canal ou the north.

_ In 1867, the city purchased of Pittsburgh, Penn., a second-hand steam fire engine, of the Amoskeag manufacture, and a hose reej at a cost of 83,000 ; the engine was called the Vigilant. In September, 1S67, another organization was effected, called the Vigilant Engine and Hose Company, and immediately took possession of the Vigilant engine and hose reel. In 1868, they purchased two additional hand engines - a la garden pumps; these were very unsatisfactory, and were finally sold ; their first cost was S300 each. In 1871, they closed a contract with Thomas Stevens, of Fort Wayne, Ind., to build a hose cart, and to overhaul the Vigilant cart. In the spring of 1872, they purchased of George Hannis, Chicago, Ill., a hook and ladder truck, at a cost of 82,300. In the autumn of 1872, they purchased an additional steam engine from the Silsby Manufacturing Co. This apparatus, a rotary, was named the Anthony Wayne ; this engine was purchased for and held as a reserve; cost S4,800.

On the 28th day of June, 1873, the Mechanics' Engine and Hose Company was disbanded from service. In January, 1874, Chief Vogel purchased the first hose for use on hose reels and carts. In May, 1874, Thomas Mannix having been elected Chief of the Fire Department, the Vigilauts and Torrents both withdrew from the department, and resolved themselves into a union, to be known as the U. V. & T. - United Vigilants and Torrents ; this organization, however, did not do service for the city. At this time, the Mechanics were re-instated and became active.

The city of Fort Wayne having closed a contract with the Silsby Manufact¬ uring Company for a steam fire engine, at a cost of S4,800, on the 1st day of Jan¬ uary, 1861, it arrived here, and in due time was tried and accepted. This the first steam fire apparatus brought here, was a rotary, and was named after the then Mayor of the city, Frank Randall.

In the summer of 1860, the city built on the northeast corner of Berry and Court streets, Lot 100, original plat, a two-story brick engine-house. The second floor was fitted for a firemen's hall ; the first floor was fitted for engine, hose, and hook and ladder apparatus. In the autumn of 1863, they demolished the old engine-house, immediately in the rear of the new one, on the same lot, and reared an additional structure for general fire apparatus.

In May, 1875, F. B. Vogel was re-elected Chief Engineer, aud the U. V. & T. were re instated in the service and became active, and the Mechanics resiguedj During the year, they purchased two four-wheel Babcock hose carriages, at a cost of S7O0 each; also two additional horses, thus dispensing with all hand carts.

On August 15, 1875. the National Fire Alarm Telegraph was introduced, with fafteen boxes, eight miles of wire, and other suitable apparatus ; total cost, 85,000.

Duriug this month a change of officers occurred : Con Shank was superseded as First Assistant Chief by Michael Kalo, raised from Second Assistant ; this vacancy being filled by Robert Cran. In the spring of this year, John Downey, driver of hose cart, was raised to full pay ; Fred Pohlmeyer and George Smeders were admitted as hose cart drivers also, all on pay of S50 per month.

In September, 1875,. the present system of unhitching the horses by electric¬ ity and disciplining the men, together with a systematic change throughout, was inaugurated.

In May, 1876, Mr. Vogel was re-elected, and the following officers, members and companies were confirmed and continued : F. B. Vogel, Chief; Robert Cran, First Assistant ; Clark Slocum. Second Assistant.

In February, 1876, the Chief, having made plans and estimates, was author¬ ized by the city to make needed improvements in buildings, etc. A building of brick, 30x48, two stories high, was added, and all adjacent buildings connected. By this change, very satisfactory results were obtained. The Department was put on a footing to lheet an instant call, aud the time of moving the machinery reduced to a minimum - twelve seconds, against from ten to thirty minutes before the tele¬ graph and these last improvements were made.

In 1877, an additional cistern was built on an improved plan, suggested by the Chief. This improvement, 65 feet long, 12 feet wide, and 10 feet high, with a. brick, arclrtop, has proved so far to be very practical. During this year, five additional alarm boxes were added, and four more miles of wire, at a cost of $750, this making a total of twenty-three boxes, and fifteen miles of wire, reaching to the remotest part of the city.

Location of Fire Cisterns. - No. 1, intersection Clinton and Wayne. streets ; No. 2, Clinton and Jefferson; No. 3, La Fayette and Wallace ; No. 4, Hanna and Wallace; No. 5, Calhoun and Hamilton; No. 6, Hoagland and Butler ; No. 7, Prince and Bass; No. 8, Luvina and Broadway; No. 9, West and Pritchard ; No. 10, Wayne and Union; No.. 1 1, southeast corner Jefferson and Union; No. 12, intersection Washington and Van Buren ; No. 13, southeast corner Market House and Broadway; No. 14, intersection Jefferson and Griffith; No. 15, Cal¬ houn, between Jefferson and Lewis;. No. 16, Holman, east of Calhoun; No. 17, Washington, ^northwest corner of Clay ; No. 18, East Jefferson, north side of German Catholic Church ; No. I 9. mirr-n'l imi I'.jit ami A I i < I i - . . 1 1 ; \ - i jo L:i| ' Montgomery; No. 21, Jefferson and Hanna ; No. 22, Madison and Francis; No. 23, Court street, near Second Ward engine-house; No. 24, intersection Third and Wells; No. 25, Wayne and Webster; No. 26, Douglas avenue and Webster; No. 27, High and Barthold; No. 28, Taylor and Pine; No. 29, Lewis and Mon¬ roe; No. 30, Harrison and Dawson; No. 31, Maumee road and Compuret, ; No. 32. Broadway and Nirdlinger avenue; No. 33, Henry and Miner; No. 34, Buchanan and Cass.