Bartholomew County, Indiana - Chapter 6, 1888 (part 1 of 3)

Chapter 6

HAT constitutes the leading feature of the current histoid of all governments is their militar}- experiences. It is through the instrumentalit}' of war that civilization has been established in many portions of the Avorld. Indeed, it is claimed by not a few reputable historians, that war is the necessary forerunner of civilization, the cannon an embelm of progress, indicating that barbarism has been supplanted, and a higher order of things established. If this be true the military conflicts must form the most interesting chapter of a nation's history.

While the histoiy of Bartholomew County has to do directl}'' with but the Mexican and Civil wars, yet, here were man}' of the survivors of the second war with Great Britain, or the War of 181 2, who se'. tied in this count}' and deserve notice in this connection. The names of these sur^-ivors with States they mustered from are taken from a list prepared b}- Gen. Terrell, and are as follows : Ezekiel Carter, Va.; Timothy Howard, N. Y.; Philip Clark, Md.; Harris Rogers, Ky. ; James Carter, l^y.; Robert Wooffendale, N. J.; John Sward, John Wright, N. Y.; Josiah'JxAkin, Ky.; Michael Do3de, N. Y. ; John Sloughton, Ohio; WiUiam Deiwert, Ohio; John Smith, N. Y.; George Taylor, Z. Tannehill, Robert Brown, Va.; John Hall, Pa.; David Carter, Pa.; George May, M. Boaz, John Young, Va. ; William L. Jones, Ky. ; Stephen Baker, Ky. ; Henr}^ Blassgame, Ky.; Wiley Powell, Ind.; Edward Hall, Va.; Samuel Barber, Ohio; Michael McAlliter, Ohio; Samuel Beck, K}-. ; Ed Jurd, N. C; E. White, Ky.; J. T. Robertson, Isaac Burton,

In his reminiscences Gen. Terrell sa3's: From the time the State was admitted into the Union till about 1834, *^^*^ mihtia in Indiana was in high repute. Regiments were organized in all parts of the State. Militia officers were the most important personages of the time. A popular man who \vas so fortunate - as to secure a commission of General, Colonel, or even Lieutenant Colonel or Major, was prett}' sure to get a civil office if his aspirations led him that way. In a large militia compan}^ organized in Columbus, it is said that at the end of the first year John White, a shoemaker, was the onl}^ private in the compan}', all the others were wearing titles.

The most exciting militia election was for General. The candidates were Samuel Downing and Elias Bedford. Downing was elected, but Bedford being dissatislied contested his right to the office. A new election was held with the same result. Downing lived two miles east of Columbus, and the night following his election he was escorted to town b}' his friends, and his success duly cek'bralcd. A ]\-irt of a band of wliisky was j-jrocurcd for the occasion, but fears being entertained lliat it \vould not liold out, it was poured into a well on the public square, after which " grog " was drawn up and dispensed bv tlie bucket full.

Earh' in 1846, the premonitory symptoms of a war with IMexico aroused the niilitary spirit of a portion of our citizens, and a cavalry company was formed. Thomas Hays was elected Captain with a full corps of subordinates and assistaiits. vSteps wore taken to procure arms and e(|uipmcnts, and uniforms were ordered. When matters had progressed 1' as far war was actuall\- declared and the countr}^ was called to arms, but the " Cavalry Company " responded not, and from that moment ceased to be.

The " Hoss Company " or Columbus Cavahy of which so much Avas said and written, in ridicule, was organized in the summer of 1845, with Thomas Bombbragg, Captain, and Napoleon Jackson Carter, First Lieutenant.

Mexican IVar.^ - On the fourth da}' of Jul}', 1845, Texas, through her State Convention, accepted the terms of annexation proffered by the government of the United States. Soon after this the Mexican Go\'ernment in order to maintain her rights to the territory, established a military post on the east side of the Rio Grande River. Gtn. Taylor, then commanding the Department of the South, was ordered to report for duty in the immediate vicinity. A conflict of arms soon ensued, the Mexicans being considered the aggressors. President Polk, by proclamation dated May 11, 1S46, announced that a state of war existed between this country and Mexico. Immediately Congress authorized the reception of 50,000 volunteers, one-half to be mustered into service at once, and the other to be used as a reserve. The President issued his call May 13, 1846. In response to this call James Whitcomb, Governor of the State of Indiana, issued a proclamation on the 2 2d of the same month calling for three regiments. But few counties responded with more alacrity than did Bartholomew. Immediately after the call of the Governor, Isaac N. Boardman, assisted by Hardin Ferry, raised a company, and on the 13th of June left for New Albany, the place of rendezvous, and on the 24th of said month was inusfcrL'd into Uir service by Samuel C'lmivliill. was assi-iu'tl to tlir jH).silion of Fmihc Tliial Reninienl, comniaiuled by Col. J. II. Lane. The conipain- was olllcered as follows: Isaac N. pM.artlman, Captain; Herman 11. ]]arbour, ist JJcmlenant; G. W. llan-ingtoii, 2(1 Lieutenant; Jacob Clark, ist Ser-eanti John M. Meyers, 2d Sergeant; Ed Sau-hton, 3d Seroeant; Thilip Lane, ^th Sergeant; Josiah Wilson, ist Corporal: John Mewerton, 2d Corporal; ].]). Wilson, 3d Corporal; Henry Lc'hvards, 4th Corporal; John Mitler, musician.

Company F was in the service about twelve and a half months. The company was mustered in at New Albany with eightj'-eight men, and mustered out at New Orleans with sixty-four men. They came home by way of ?yfadison, reaching Columbus, July 4, 1847.

Coiuj^any F - Fourlh Regiment. ~\n May, 1S47, a second call for volunteers w^as made, and in response an 'infantry company was raised by Michael Fitz Gibbon. The following officers were commissioned May 27: Michael Fitz Gibbon, Captain; Isaac Truly, First Lieutenant; D. R. Wayland, Second Lieutenant; G. W. Amsden, Second Lieutenant; Robert McGill, Second Lieutenant;

Early in June the company assembled at the court house in Columbus, preparatory- to leaving for Canip Clark. The town was filled with people, who came from all parts of the countv to give the gallant boys a farewell greeting and to witness the presentation of a beautiful fiag by the ladies of Columbus, which bore the patriotic and tender motto on its silken folds: " None but the Brave deserve the Fair." The presentation address was delivered by Mrs. Miranda Frances Comstock (now jNIrs. Hinman), daughter of John F. Jones. The address was appropriately and feelingly responded to b}' Capt. Fitz Gibbon.

The company was mustered into the service June 12, 1847, and designated Company F, Fourth Regiment, commanded by Col. WilHs A. Gorman. The regiment immediatel}'^ embarked for the scene of conflict, and was assigned to the command of Gen. Joseph Lane, and with his brigade participated in all the contests in which the brigade was engaged. The company was mustered out at Madisun, Lid., July 16, 1848,'

For several years j->rior to r'^'a, the countr\- had been diafting surely toward civil war. The two sections, the North and the South, had different interests to serve in the administration of national affair.s. The Republican ]i<'u-ty was then in its infancy, but it contained some elements that foretold destruction to the greatest institution of the Southern States - slaver}'. It is true that the party had not then taken any direct stand upon the question of slaver}', but its leaders were among the avowed opponents of that institution, and many had been identified with the movement for its abolition. Abraham Lincoln had publicallv declared that it was his deliberate conviction that the gOA'ernment could not exist half slave and half free. His election to the Presidency, was, therefore, by the Southern States, accepted as a menace to their institution, which had long been sanctioned bv the laws, and as the}' thought, with apparent right. In that section of the Union, the doctrine of State rights as paramount to National rights, had long been taught under the leadership of John C. Calhoun. Accordingly they did not long hesitate to secede from the Union, when it was known that Lincoln had been elected President. South Carolinia took the first active steps, and passed an ordinance of secession December 20, i860. In this movement she was followed in quick succession by Mississippi, January ^ 1861; Alabama and Florida, January 11; Georgia, January 19; Louisiana, January 26; Texas, Februaiy i; Virginia, April 17; Arkansas and Tennessee, May 6; North Carolina, May 21. No President ever assumed the high office under such trying circumstances. In February succeeding the inauguration of Lincoln, a peace convention was held at Baltimore. This was attended by representatives from nearly all the States, but it utterly failed in its purpose: excitement was at the greatest tension throughout the country and the public spirit ran high. Mass meetings were held in all parts of the North. In Bartholomew County, a union meeting was called in which people of all shades of political opinion W'cre expected to meet and express their sentiments. The meeting w;is held at llu' couri house aliout two weeks before the fall of Ft. Sumter, and was addressed b}' Mari a Mooney, Col. Stansifer, and Ralph Mill. At this time a majority of the Confederate States liad already jassed ordinances of secession. Here the sentiment was divided, not a few, with Col. Stansifer as spokesman, claimed that since they had already withdrawn, they should be permitted to _i;o in peace, rather than drench the country in blood in an effort to coerce. A very large majorit\' at this meeting led by Ralph Hill, favored subjugation and believed that the States should be brought back into the Union by ph\'sical force if not otherwise.

While the countr}' was in this strained condition. Fort Sumter was fired upon. That deed, more than all others, united the loyal hearts of the North in defense of the national flag that had been fired upon b}- those in rebellion. They welcomed it perhaps as the onh' solution of the question, and gladl}^ responded to the call to arms. The news of the fall of Fort Sumter was received at Indianapolis on Sunda}' morning the 14th of April, 1861, and at Columbus on the evening of the same da}-; President Lincoln issued a call on the 15th for 75,000 troops. This was followed on the i6th b}- a proclamation from Gov. Morton calling for the six regiments, the quota for Indiana, as fixed b}- the Secretary of War. In this count}' the wildest enthusiasm was manifested, and the most intense excitement prevailed; a mass meeting was held at the court house in Columbus on Monday. All pohtical parties were represented. There was no division of sentiment at this time as to the proper course to pursue. All were in favor of protecting the flag. Speeches were made by Col. S. Stansifer and others, which did much to facilitate the formation of a company. In less than one week after the fall of Fort Sumter a compan}- was organized in Bartholomew County. Many more were eager to go to the front in defense of the flag, but the quota was filled and they were not accepted.

The first company from Bartholomew County to offer its services was raised b}'^ Augustus H. Abbett, and was oflicered as follows: A. H. Abbett, Captain; Allen W. Prather, First Lieutenant; William C. Wheeler, Second Lieu'.enant. The commissions bore date of April 23, 1S61. The company left Columbus for Indianap- olis witli seven{\--fonr men. Soon aflcr its organization, ii was as- ^ signed to the jiosilion of ]>, in tlie Sixth Regiment, wiiich was mustered into service on the 2 5l]i c>f April. 'J'lie eoni]ian\' reentered tlie service, at the expiration of tlirce montlis, the time of first enlistment. The Sixth Regiment was organized and mustered into the ser\ice for thi-ee months at Jndiana]iolis, A]->ril 25, 1861, with Thomas T. Crittenden, of Madison, as Colonel. On the 30th of jMay, the regiment left for the scene of conflict in \\'est Virginia; arriving at Webster on the 2nd of June, it marched with other troops, the same night, through a drenching rain a distance of fourteen miles, and on the following day took part in the first battle of the war at Phillippi. It then joined Gen. ]Morris' 13rigade and participated in the march to Laurel Hill and the engagement with Garnett's Rebel command at Garrick's Ford, on the 12th of July. It returned to Indianapolis, and was discharged August 2, 1S61. The Sixth was re-organized for three 3-ears' service, at Madison, September 20th, of the same 3'ear. In the re-organization Bartholomew Count}- was represented in seven of the ten companies, viz. : C, D, E, F, G, H, and K. Of these, two companies, C and G, were made up almost exclusively of Bartholomew County men, while the others contained only a few recruits from said count}'. This company was oflicered as follows: Captains - Augustus H. Abbett, April 23, 1S61; Allen W. Prather, October 31, 1861 ; WiUiam A. Cummings (killed at Dallas, Georgia, May 27, 1864). First Lieutenants - Allen W. Prather, April 23, 1861; James A. Willets, October 21, 1S61; William II. Cummings, August I, 1862; Charles Ma}', May i, 1864. Second Lieutenants - J. A. Willets, Jacob Hoover, October 21, 1S61; Charles A. May, Ma}' 30, 1 861. Captain Abbett left for the field with ninety-seven men, which was increased to loS. Of this number, twenty-three died and four deserted. October 10, 1S61, Captain Abbett was promoted Major, and in September, of the same year, was promoted Lieutenant Colonel of One Hundred and Twenlieth Regiment.

The officers of Company G, with dates of commissions, were : Captains - James Moffat, September 20, 1861; Samuel T. Finney, May 30, 1S62. First Lieutenants - S. T. Finney, September 20, i86r ; W. W. Wil!iams,May 29, 1862. w'^crond l.icuU'nanls - -Jcisiah Fut/, and Gerome P. Ilalcomb ( kilk-d at Mu;fi\'csl)oro, Ti-nn., May 12, 1863) May 30, 1862. Of ihc original n!nc:ty-cii;iiUhaU'nler(."d llie serx'ice, twenty-one died, seven deserted, and one was unaccounted for. The total number in conijian\" du.riuL;" its term of service was 102. The day after the re-organization, the regiment left Madison under the command of Col. C'rittenden, and entered Kentuckx- at Louisville, being the lu-st body of troojis to enter Kentucky from a northern State. The regiment stopped near Elizabethtown. Here it was joined by 300 recruits in charge of Lieut. Col. Hiram Prather. It was assigned to Rausseau's Brigade, and with this jiortion of Buell's armv participated in the second day's fight at Shiloh, where b}' its bravery it won the favor of the whole arm}-. It camped on the field at Shiloh until the siege of Corinth, in which it participated; thence with Buell's army through Kentucky, and back to Tennessee, where it participated in Rosecran's march upon Murfreesboro, and in the battle of Stone Ri\'er, December 31, 1862, and January i, 1863. The spring and summer of 1863 were spent in campaigning around Chattanooga. In the fall it participated in the battle of Chickamauga and skirmishes at Brown's Ferr}-, Tennessee, and Mission Ridge. In the march upon Atlanta the regiment participated in all the battles incident to that memorable campaign, in all of which it bore an honorable part. The non-veterans were mustered out at Chattanooga, September 22, 1864. The yeterans were transferred to other regiments; Compan}^ H, of the Twelfth Regiment, was raised by George M. Trotter, from Columbus and vicinit}^, and Woodbur)-, Hancock County. This was under the President's third call, which was issued August 4, 1862. The officers were commissioned as follows: Captains - George M. Trotter, August 16, 1862; Gideon B. Hart, May i, 1865. First Lieutenants - J. E. Hart, August 16, 1862; G. B. Hart, February' 12, 1864; Richard Jones, Ma}" i, 1865. Second Lieutenants - Josephus Bills, August 16, 1S62; Richard Jones, February 16, 1864; Logan P. Herrod, May i, 1865. There were in the beginning eightyeight enlisted men. The company was recruited by fort}'-four, making a total enrollment of 132 men. There were twent}-three dropped from the roll on account of death, and one deserted.

Captain Trotter was pronioled Major, Scpteinlicr 17, tS6.|, and May I, 1865, tf) the ])()sition of Lieutenant Colonel. Jesse 1 F. Cochran was eonmiissioncd Quarteiinaster, I'Vhruare 20, 1865.

Tlie-Twelfth Re<^nnient was re-organized for three years' service at Indianapolis, August 17, 1862, with William II. Link, its old conunanding oHieer, as Colonel. It left for Krntuckv to resist the threatened invasion of Kirby vSniith, and on the 30th of August participated in the battle of Richmond, losing 173 killed and wounded, including the gallant Col. Link. The most of the rrgiment were taken prisoner and afterward paroled. Lieut. Col. Reuben Williams was promoted Colonel, November 7, and beingexchanged as prisoner of war, was ordered to report to Gen. Grant, at Memphis. In June, 1863, it was assigned to Logan's Fifteenth Corps of the Army of Tennessee, in which it served for more than two 3'ears, participating in all the battles, mai-ches and skirmishes. Took part in the siege of Vicksburg, and in Sherman's march from Memphis to Chattanooga. In the battle of Mission Ridge the regiment, November 25, lost no men and officers. It followed in pursuit of Bragg into Georgia, and thence to the relief of Burnside, at Knoxville. It participated in all the principal battles and skirmishes of the Atlanta Campaign, losing in killed and \^ ounded 240 men between Dalton and Atlanta. After pursuing Hood through Georgia and Alabama, marched with Sherman to the sea, and through South Carolina and North Carolina, on to Ric'Miiond and Washington, where it was mustered out, June 8, 1865, reaching Indianapolis the 14th of the same month.

Company K, of the Thirteenth Regiment, was composed entirely of Bartholomew County men. In the first election of officers George W. Harrington was elected Captain; Joseph Hunter, First Lieutenant, and Daniel Stryker, Second Lieutenant. The commissions were issued April 22, 1861. Later, officers with date of commissions were: Captains - J. B. Hunter, Ma}' 31, 1862; Samuel M. Ze-- , June 20, 1864. First Lieutenant - Samuel M. Zent, April 20, 1862. Second Lieutenants - J. P. Jones, December 7, 1861; David Newson, February 6, 1862. In the re-organization of the Thirteenth, several of the companies contained a few Bartholomew County men. Of a total enrollment of loi in Compan}- K, seventeen deserted and four died.

The Tliirlcciith Reg"iniciU. - Tin's was one of the four i"et;Mments lliat lirsl entered the service from hidiaiia for the term of three 3ears, and was mustered in at hidiauajioHs on the 19th day of June, i86j, witli Jerry C. Sullivan as Colonel. On the 4th of July, it left for the field, and on the mornin!,;- of the lOth joined Gen. McClellan's forces at the foot of K\ch Mountain, West Vir<^'-inia. On the next da\- it participated in the battle of Rich ^Mountain, under Gen. Rosecrans, losing eight killed and nine wounded. It moved next to Cheat jNIountain, and took part in the engagement at that place. It marched to Alleghany under Gen. Milro}', and on the 13th of December participated in a battle at that place. On the 22nd of March, 1S63, was engaged at Winchester Heights; after which it pursued Stonewall Jackson as far as New Market. It participated in the battle of the Deserted Farm, and the defeat of Longstreet at Suffolk. At the siege of Forts Waggoner and Gregg took a conspicuous part. It was engaged in nearl}-^ all the operations of Gen. Butler's Arm}- south of Richmond, in all of which it lost about 200. The regiment was transferred to the Arni}^ of the Potomac, June 13, 1864, after Avhich it participated in the battle of Cold Harbor, assault of Rebel works in front of Petersburg, the battle of Strawberr}- Plains, and operations against Richmond, December 6, 1S64; was re-organized into a battalion of five companies. Was mustered out September 5, 1S65, with twenty-nine olHcers and 550 enlisted men.

In the Fourteenth Regiment, Edward Brasher, of Columbus, was commissioned First Lieutenant of Company F, September 16, 1861, and on Ma}' 13, of the following year, promoted Captain. In December of 1862, he resigned, but re-entered the service as Captain of Compan}- A, One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment, and is credited to Terre Haute; was promoted Major, December 8, 1S63. In the Seventeenth Regiment, Thomas Murray was commissioned Second Lieutenant, Compan)- A, January 24, 1863. Francis P. Hauser was a private in Compan}^ B, same regiment.

When the first call for six regiments was made by Governor Morton, man}^ move than were necessar}' to fill the quota for this count}', volunteered their services. Among those who were not received on the first call were a few from Elizabethtown and vicin- it\". I'luk'r the J'TcsidciiTs sccdiul call (jcor^'c 10. Fiiiiu'V iniiiu'dialely began to recruit a company, InilfailiiiL;- to get the rcijuii-cd number, joined with a jxirtially recruited companv from Johnson County and organized with Kichard Jvc]le\-. of ICdinburg, Captain. Those from ]5art]iolome\v County who receivedcommissions were.Cn'orge E.Finney, April 7, 186:2: and William 11. Wilson, December i, 1S62, Second Lieutenant. The former was promoted First Lieutenant, December i, 1862, and the latter, January i, 1863. This company, of which thirty-one \\ere from Ijartholomew County, was assigned to the ])Osition of IT, Nineteenth Regimeiit. Of those from this county, George E. Finney rose to the rank of Adjutant, his commission bearing date of January 10, 1863. He was mustered out March 12, 1S65, as paroled prisoner of war.

The Nineteenth Regiment was mustered into the seryice at Indianapolis on the 20th of July, 1S61, wiih Solomon Meredith as Colonel. It joined the Army of the Potomac, on the 9th of August. It was first engaged at Lewinsyille; it went into quarters at Arlington Heights, and in March, 1S63, it marched under McDowell to Fredericksburg and Spottsylyania Court House, thence to Cedar INIountains, and on the 2Sth of August, was engaged at Gainesyille, losing 187 killed and 33 missing. On the 30th it was again engaged at Manassas Junction, and at South Mountain on the 14th of September, losing fort}- killed and wounded and seven missing; on the 17th it entered the battle of Antietam with 200 men and came out with but 37. It was next engaged at Fredericksburg, then at Fitzhugh's Crossing, and on the morning of the ist of Jul}' reached the battle field of Gett3-sburgh, and with the First Armj^ Corps was the first infantry force to engage the enemy. On the first day the regiment lost 210 out of 28S men that went into battle. During the winter of 1864 a portion of the regiment re-enlisted, and with Grant's Army participated in the battles of the Wilderness, Laurel Hill, North Anna, Cold Harbor and the siege of Petersburg, losing in all about 210 men and officers. The non-yeterans were mustered out in August, 1864, and the veterans at Louisville, July 12, 1865.

Mimtauv Uistokv

inew County men. .In the new organization the\- cnli.sled in Conipan}- G, which was ollieered as follo^v.s: William B. WilstMi, Klizabethtown, commissioned Captain, December 2, xS6.\. On the same day Eldridge Anderson ^vas commissioned First Lieutenant, but was promoted Captain of said company, December i6, 1864. The TwentN'-lirst Regiment Heavy Artillery, was organized at Indianapolis, July 24, 1861, as an infantry regiment, with James W. ]\IcMillen, CoIducI. After doing infantry duty until Februar}-, 1S63, it \\'as changed to heav}' artillery service, and Lieut. Col. John A. Keith, of Columbus, placed in command. He remained in command of the regiment until Februar}' 2, 1S65, when he was honorably discharged. His commission as Lieutenant Colonel bore date of July 23, 1S61. Colonel Keith was a man of fine literar}^ attainments, a lawyer of fair abilit}', and a soldier brave and daring. He is the only one of the soldiers of Bartholomew Count}^ who rose to the high rank of Colonel. In several of the companies of the Twenty-first Regiment, there were a few men from Bartholomew Count}'.

For Jefferson C. Davis' Regiment there were two companies recruited in Bartholomew County; one from the southern part of the count}', assigned to the position of Compan}' E, was composed exclusiA'cl}^ of men from this count}', while in Company G, a\ hich was recruited by Squire Isham Keith, there were sixt}'-t\\'o men from Bartholomew County, a large portion of the remainder being assigned to Louisville, Ky. The oUicers of Company E were commissioned as follows : Captains - Josiah Wilson, July 15, 1S61 ; William II. Snodgrass, July 11, 1S62; Alvin C. Graves, January 20, 1865. First Lieutenants - William H. Snodgrass, July 15, 1861; S. H. McBride, July 11, 1862, died Decei iber 5, 1862; Alvin C. Graves, December 6, 1862; James E. Benton, Januar}' 2, 1865. The original number of enlisted men Avas 99; recruits, 124; lost by death, 49; deserted, 5. The officers of Company G were: Captains - Isham Keith, July 15, 1861; William M. Wiles, July 9, 1862: Alonzo J. Mass, May 27, 1863; Nicholas Moser, January 2, 1865; George W. Hopkins, ALirch 20, 1865. First Lieutenants - WilHam M. Wiles, July 15, 1861; James McGrayel, July 9, 1S62; Alonzo J. Mass, February 23, 1863, killed July i, 1S64; Nicholas II

Moscr, April 25, iSC\Y, Dow E. l)c)\vnin<;-, March 20, i86v Second Lieutenants - Janifs McGrayel, July 15, 1S61; Alex Grillith, July 9, 1862; N. Moser, February 23, 1863, killed :\rarch, 1865; S. C. Trig---, April 25, 1863; W. W. Matthews, May i, 1S65. Of an original enrollment of ninety-seven about sixtv-two were assigned to Bartholomew County. Capt. Keith, who had risen to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, was killed at Chaplain Hills, October 8, 1S62.

Few regiments saw more hard and active service than the Twentj'-second. It was organized at Madison, and mustered in at Indianapolis; from there it moved to St. Louis and joined the army of Gen. Fremont. It was engaged in the battle of Pea Ridge, the siege of Corinth, Perry ville (where it lost 50 per cent, of the men engaged), Stone River, Mis. ion Ridge, and in the campaign of 1S64, bore a conspicuous part. It left Chattanooga in Mav, with Sherman's Army, and was engaged at Tunnel Hill, Rocky Face Ridge, battle of Rasacca, Rome, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Chattahooche River, Peach Tree Creek, and at Atlanta from the 28th of July to August 7th, Red Oak Station, Jonesboro, and in December, at the siege of Savannah, and then joined in the forward movement through the Carolinas. On the i6th of June, 1865, it was discharged at Indianapolis.

In the Twenty-fourth re-organized, which was a consolidation of the veterans of the original Twenty-fourth and Sixty-seventh regiments, Bartholomew Count}' was represented in Companies I and K. In the former, William H. Aikin, of Hope, was commissioned Captain, December 21, 1864; and George W. Friedle}-, of Company K, March 21, 1863. Horace L. Brown, of Moore's Vineyard, became First Lieutenant, December 21, 1864. Charles S. BoA-nton, of Hope, became Surgeon of the Regiment, March 5, 1S64.

In the Twent^'-seventh, Jacob Lee, of Taylorsville, held a commission of First Lieutenant in Company^ C. Emil Aichelc, of Columbus, war commissioned Assistant Surgeon of the Thirty-second, April 26, ] 02. In both the Thirtieth and Thirty-first there were a few men from Bartholomew County. In the Thirty-third there \vere two full companies from the county. Companv G was raised by Israel C. Dillc, wlio was at the lime cdilor of a paper in Columbus. vThe uincers of the company, Avitli dates of commission were : Captains - I. C. Dille, September 5, iS6r ; S. I). 1 Telman, May 4, 1865 ; First Lieutenants - William l^arrcll, vScptember 6, 1861; Plina Mc- Knight, January 6, 1863; S. 1). I lelman, January i, 1S65; I. J. Belts, Ma}' 4, 1S65. Second Lieutenants - -Plina IMcKm'ght, September 6, 1861; William ]?one, January' 6, 1863; A. C. Ilorton, May 4, 1S65. This company had a total enrollment of 169 men, twenty of whom died and sixteen deserted. The Captain was killed by guerrillas July 17, 1863, and W^ilham Farrell on the steamer Sultana, April 28, 1S65. Company I was raised b}- William A. W. Ilauser from Hope and vicinity. Its officers were : Captains - William A. W. Ilauser, Sejitembcr 6, 1861; George L. Scott, February 19, 1863; Enos Halbert, October 5, 1864. First Lieutenants- - G. L. Scott, September 6, 1861 ; Ed J. Bachman, February 19, 1863; Henry L, Fislier, Januar}' i, 1865. Second Lieutenants - E. J. Bachman, September 6, 1S61; J. L. Chrisler, Februar}- 19, 1S63; Charles IL Porter, Januar}' i, 1864; Enos Halbert, April 28, 1864; John A. Miller, May i, 1865. In this company there was an enrollment of 185 men, twent3'-eight died and thirteen deserted. Captain George L. Scott was killed July 22, 1S64.

The Thirty-third Regiment was engaged in Kentuck}^ untl April, 1862, most of the time doing garrison duty. At that time it joined Gen. IMorgan's forces against Cumberland Gap, and after the evacuation of that place it returned as escort to the ammunition convo}' to Kentuck}-, in which State it remained, doing but little hard service until January, 1863, when it was transferred to Nashville. From that time on the regiment saw much hard service, at Columbia, Thompson's Station and Franklin. Earl3^ in 1864, ^^^^ regiment re-enli.-ied and came home on veteran furlough. On its return to the field, it joined in the Atlanta campaign, and was engaged at the following places: Resacca, Cassville, New Hope Church, Golgotha, Gulp's Farm, Kenesaw, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, and the siege of Atlanta. On September 2, Atlanta wrs surrendered to Col. Coburn, of this regiment. In this campaign the regiment lost more than 300 killed and wounded. It remained in camp at Atlanta until November 15th, when it started in the cclehralod "March to llic Sea," in wliicli it took a disUii_i;'iii.slicd After that it started north lhr()ui;"h the CaroHnas, and was several times enjj;ai^ed witli the enem\'. l^he Tliirty-tliird was one of the strongest i^eginienls engaged in the war, and was always well recruited and kept together. It was mustered out at Ivouisville, Kentucky, Jul\- 21, 1865.

In the Thirt^'-seventh there were a few men f)"oni Bartholomew Count}', among whom was Augustus II. Tevis, commissioned First Lieutenant of Company II, July 19, 1864. Up to this time the three calls made by the Pi-esident aggregated more than 315,000 men. Volunteering went on rapidly, and recruiting stations were established in all parts of the count}-. At Jonesville, Button G. Cody and others began recruiting a company-, and in a short time ninct^'-six men had enlisted. The company was organized and its officers commissioned as follows: Button G. Cody, September 2, 1861; Joseph Potts, April 22, 1S63; Thomas N. Baker, October i, 1863; WiUiam H. Ockerman, March I, 1865. At the organization Joseph C. Potts was commissioned Pirst .Lieutenant, and Thomas Baker was commissioned Second Lieutenant. Joseph C. Potts died of wounds September 20, 1863; Thomas N. Baker was promoted Major of the regiment, February, 1865. In Company B, Henry C. Snyder was made Captain, Januar}^ i, 1865. In Compan}^ M, fourteen were enrolled from Bartholomew County. They were originally organized as sharpshooters, but were afterward mounted as cavahy, and designated as the Eighth Cavahy, Thirt}'-ninth Regiment. Soon after organization it went to Kentuck}', and remained in the Green River countr}', until the following spring. The regiment was engaged at Ihe battle of Shiloh, at Corinth, and then moved through northern Alabama to Nashville. From there it went through Kentuck}', in pursuit of Gen. Bragg. It took part in the battle of Stone River with a severe loss. In April, 1S63, it was mounted and served in that capacity through the campaign. It was engaged in many skirmishes in various portions of the South, and many of the important "battles. It saw service in the Sherman campaign against Atlanta iind Savannah, and later through the Carolinas. It was discharged at Indianapolis during the last week of Jul\-, 1065. Few regiments did more effective service.

The Fift3--third Regiment was partially organized at New Alban\ , January, 1862, but the organization was not perfected until February, when Walter Q. Gresham, was put in command. It was on guard duty at Camp IMorton, until March 15, when it was transported to St. Louis, and later to Savannah, Tenn. It was engaged during its term of service as follows: West Tennessee and Mississippi, 1862-3; Siege of Corinth, 1862; against Vicksburg, 1863; Sherman's raid through Mississijipi, 1864; against Atlanta, 1864; pursuit of Hood, 1864; Sherman's march to the sea, 1864; through the Carolinas in 1865, and was mustered out at Louisville, July 21, 1865.

Companies D and I, of the Sixty-seventh Regiment, were raised in the most part from Bartholomew Count}'; Augustus H. Abbett, who was Captain of the first company raised from the count}', recruited Company D, and was elected its first Captain, his cpmmission bearing date of August 19, 1862. Other Captains were: George Sims, September 6, 1S62, and B. L. Smith, Juty i, 1S64. First Lieutenants - George R, Sims, August 19, 1862 ;B. L.Smith, September 6, 1S62; 11. L. Brown, July i, 1864. Second Lieutenants - B. L. Smith, August 19, 1862; II. L. Brown, September 16, 1862. Among the names of Bartholomew soldiers conspicuous for militar}'^ service, none deserves more proipinent mention than that of Aufjustus H. Abbett. In less than a week after the firinfj of Fort Sumter, he, at the head of 100 men, was ready to go to the front in defense of his country. After serving less than one month he

Avas promoted IMajor of regiment, September 5, 1S62. At the ^battle of Miinfordsville, Kentuck\-, the first action in Avliieh the i-egiment was engaged, taking an exposed position in order to encourage his men, he \vas killed September 14, 1862.

Compan3^ I, same regiment, was recruited at Hope, and was mustered in with eighty-four men and was recruited with fourteen men. The olhcers, with dates of commissions, were: Captains - Shepherd F. Eaton, August 20, 1S62 ; George AV. Friedlc}-, March 21, 1863. First Lieutenants - -George W. Friedlc}-, August 20, 1:862; WiUiam H. Aiken, March 21, 1863. Second Lieutenants - W. H. Aiken, August 20, 1862 ; W. M. Friedle}-, April 30, 1863.

The Sixt}'-seventh Regiment was organized in the Third Congressional District, and mustered into service Au:>;ust 20, 1862, ^vith Frank Emerson as Colonel, and was at once ordered to Louisville. From there it marched to Munfordsville, where it took part in the engagement with the advance of Bragg's Army on the 14th of September, and was surrendered at that place with other forces, but being paroled by the enemy returned home and remained till December, when it proceded to Memphis and joined Sherman's expedition against Vicksburg. The principal actions in which the regiment was engaged, were: Battles Arkansas Post, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, Vicksburg, Grand Coteau, Mansfield, Alexandria, Sieges of Fort Gaines and Morgan, etc. The regiment was consolidated with the Twentj'-fourth Regiment in December, 1864, and was mustered out July 19, 1865. During its term of service the Sixty-seventh participated in eighteen regular engagements, was under fire 147 days and traveled 17,000 miles.

Company L, of Fourth Cavalry (Seventy-seventh) Regiment, was organized with ninety-eight men ; tvvent3'-five of that number were from Bartholomew County. The men had been thoroughly drilled by WilHam Winkler, a man of scholarly attainments, an enthusiastic patriot who had served with credit in the German Arm3\ He was well versed in military tactics, and, after its organization, was the principal drill master of the regiment, besides perforniing the duties of Adjutant much of the time during his term of service. He was commissioned Second Lieutenant of the company, June i,

1S65, but was nil' -Icred (nit as StTgcant. Jasper X. Vanskike, of Columbus, was commissioned First Lieutenant at the organization, Auo-ust 15, 1S62, and February ly, 11^63, lie was promoted Captain, Josiah Ilartly hax'ing been dislionorably discharged. The Seventy-seventh was organized at Indianapolis, August 22, 1S62, with Colonel Isaac P. Gray in command. The regiment was engaged in the following actions during its term of service: ]Mount Washington, Kentucky; Madisonville, near Munfordsville; Rutherford's Creek, near Murfrcesboro, Chickamauga, Fayetteville, Tennessee, IMossv Creek, Talbot's, and Dandritlge, Fair Garden. The regiment was also with Sherman at Atlanta, and under Gen. Wilson participated in the campaign of Alabama and Georgia. One of the most conspicuous actions in which the regiment participated was a sabre charge on a Rebel batteiy. The charge was led by Lieut. Col. Leslie, and resulted in the capture of the batteiy, one battle flag, and more prisoners than the charging part}- had men engaged. Herod D. Garrison, of Hope, was appointed Assistant Surgeon, INIarch i, 1864. The regiment was mustered out June 29, 1865.

In the fall of 1862, in response to the President's call for 300,000 troops for nine months, recruiting was renewed, and in a few weeks two full companies were raised in this county. The Ninet3'-third Regiment was at the time being recruited in the Third Congressional District, with Madison as place of rendezvous. One of the companies, of which Charles Hubbard was Captain, was assigned to the position of A, and during its term of service had the following officers: Captains - C. A. Hubbard, August i, 1862; W. H. Stevens, March 5, 1865. First Lieutenants - C. H. Maxwell, August I, 1862; W. B. Stevens, April 29, 1863; Eli Stringer, July I, 1865. Second Lieutenants - John G. Hunter, August i, 1862; William Goforth, July i, 1865. During its term it had on its roll 112 men, twenty-seven of whom died and eleven deserted. The other company was assigned to the position of E, same regiment, and the officers bore commissions as follows: Captain - Michael McGrayel, August 20, 1862. First Lieutenant - Marion Mooney, August 20, 1862. Second Lieutenants - Alonzo Hubbard, August 20, 1862; Edward P. Foster, January 16, 1S63. The company enlisted uilh ciglity-scNcn men and was recruilcil w ith lift \--nInc. Tlicrc were thirt^y-two wlio dietl and six deserted. In the same re;.;imcnt there were seven 13artholomew County men in Company C, se\eii in Compan\ V and six in Company I. In tlic last named company, William 1>. 1'. llebbard was commissioned P'irst T^ieutenant, August 20, 1862.

The Ninet3--third was mustered into the service, in October, 1S62. It was almost constantly on the march until May, 1S63, when it joined General Sherman's Corps and participated in the movement against Vicksbm-g. It was next engaged in the siege of Jackson, Mississippi. Other actions in which it was engaged, were at Brownsville, Mississippi, Brice's Cross Roads, Harrisburg, IMississippi, Battle of Nashville, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. The regiment was mustered out of service at Memphis, Tennessee, August ro, 1S65. The regiment left for the field with 923 men, and returned with iS officers and 200 men. It traveled during its term of service 1,060 miles by rail and 3,972 miles by river, and marched 2,400 miles. Of those from the county who received commissions as regimental oflicers, were: Charles Hubbard, Major, March 5, 1S65; Abraham L. Whitesides, Quartermaster, .September 5, 1862; John H. Ford, Surgeon, April 25, 1863; George E. Assistant Surgeon, March 20, iS63;Lee M. Sockett, Assistant Surgeon, Jul}" 5, 1S65.

During the month of September, 1863, Gov. Morton received authority from the War Department to raise eleven regiments of three years' volunteers. Of these the One Hundred and Twentieth, was raised in the First, Third and Eighth Ci : gressional Districts, with Columbus as place of rendezvous, the fair grounds being used for the purpose. In recruiting this regiment, Allen W. Prather, who had already distinguished himself in the service for his patriotism and braver}-, took a prominent part, and at the organization of the regiment was appointed its First Lieutenant Colonel, and August 17, 1864, was promoted Colonel, rice Richard F. Barter, resigned. Henr}^ C. Merrick, of Newbern, was commissioned Adjutant, September 6, 1S64. Compan}' A, of said regiment, was in most part composed of Bartholomew County men, and its officers were: Captains - Edward Brasher, December 8, 1863; Henry

Military History

Robcrlson, Septemljer i, 1864: John L. I [i)uclu-n, Otlobcr 10, 1865. First Lieutenant- -llcnrv R. Sloan, December 8, 1863. Second -J^ieutenanls - II. II. Robertson, December 8, 1863; II. C. IMerrick, Septeniber l, 1864; George ^V. Ikixlon, November i, 1864; Jienjamin Bruner, July i, 1865. Of the 103 men originally enlisted, 21 died and 7 deserted. The One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment \vas assigned to Gen. Ilovey's Division of the Twent\--third Army Corj^s, and -with said corps was engaged at Rocky Face, Resacca, Kenesaw Mountain, and participated in all the movements in the campaign of Atlanta. Was next engaged in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, Wise's Fork, N. C. It joined Sherman's Army at Goldsboro, and marched to Raleigh where it was ])laced on provost dut\' and remained there till the close of the war.

At the same time the companies for the One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment were being raised, a cavalry compan\' was recruited for the Tenth Cavalry or One Hundred and Twentyfifth Regiment. The first officers of the company were: Matthew Gaffne}', Captain; Charles H. Burnell, Fii-st Lieutenant, and Jesse Davis, Second Lieutenant. The}- were commissioned Januar}- 23, 1864. ^They were succeeded b}- George W. AVright, Button C. Cody, and William F. Anderson, August 11, 1S65. The compan}- was assigned to the position of L, and was mustered iii'O the service with 105 men. In Company C, same regiment, there were twent3'-two enlisted men from this count}', and one in compan}'- K. Of the regimental officers, John G. Hunter, of Columbus, became Quartermaster; Solomon Davis, Surgeon, and Jacob H. Hauser Assistant Surgeon. John E. Bush was commissioned Second Lieutenant, Company E, May i, 1865.

The camps of rendezvous of the One Hundred and Twcnt}"- fifth, were Vincennes and Columbus. The regiment was organized February 2, 1864, with Thomas N. Pace as Colonel. Before leaving the wState, the regiment, dismounted and armed as infantr3\ moved to Tennessee, where it participated in skirmishes with Roddy, Wheeler and Forrest. It was engaged in the following campaigns during its term of service: Tennessee and North Carolina, 1864; pursuit of Hood, 1864; against INIobile, 1865, and Alabama and

Mississippi, 1S65. It j)aiiicijiatccl in Ihi.* principal battles of these canipai<;-ns. In August, 1865, \Nliile the regiment was on board **the steamer Sultana, an explosion occurred which i-esulted in the death and loss of man}-, among whom was Ca]->tain Gaffney, of Columbus. The regiment was mustered out at Indianapolis, Sep- - tembcr 5, 1S65.

In the One Hundred and Fortieth Regiment, this county was represented in five companies by sevent-s'-two men. Sixt3'-t\vo of said number were enrolled in company D, of which John Rich, of Elizabethtown, Avas Second Lieutenant. In the campaign of Tennessee, in 1864, against Wilmington, and in North Carolina, 1865, the regiment was engaged in several of the hardest contests incident to those campaigns. At Fort Anderson and Town Creek Bridge, they did most effective service. The regiment was discharged at Indianapolis, Jul}' 28, 1865. The One Hundred and Fort3'-fifth was organized in Third Congressional District, and mustered into the sevvice, February, 1865, with William A. Adams as Colonel. The principal work performed by this regiment w^as guarding railroads. In recruiting this regiment, Bartholomew County raised Compan}/- A, Henry Winter first Captain, w^th 103 men; Company H, Alexander W. Dean, Captain, with 45 men, and a few in Companies D, F, and G. Other officers of Company A were: G. H. Durham, Captain: A. W. Huffman, George T. Wright, A. O. Cod}^ and A, C. Flanigan, First Lieutenants : G. T. AVright, G. H. Durham, A. O. Cody, A. C. Flanigan and Yater McElroy, Second Lieutenants. Abraham Huffman was promoted Captain of Company D, May i, 1865. The regimental officers from this county were : Henry Winter, Major, and William Beck, Surgeon.

The Seventh Battery, Light Artiller}'-, was mustered into the service at Indianapolis on 2d of December, 1861, with Samuel J. Harris, of Columbus, as Captain, and Lewis B. Leonard, First Lieutenant. The commissions were dated October 4, 1861. The batter}'^ moved to Louisville, thence to Nashville and Pittsburg Landing, arriving at the latter place too late to engage in the battle of Shiloh. Here Captain Harris resigned, came home, but August 15, 1862, was commissioned Captain of the Nineteenth Battery. It proceeded to Louisville, and there joined the Army of the Ohio. In the c;imp;iign against Bra^'LJ, in KLMitucky, it was an active participant. It was enj^^aged at Perry\ille, Hoover's Gap. At Chickamaiiga for the support given, the Nineteenth Batterx' received the commendation of all the commanding officers. \n this battle Captain Harris was wounded, and in conse(|uence was compelled to accept an 'honorable discharge. Captaiti Harris entered the service in 1S42, and during the Mexican War served with Col. Bankhead's United States Artillery, participating in the actions o£ Monterey, Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo, and was with Col. Childs during the twenty-eight da\'S his command was besieged at Pueblo. Capt. Harris recruited the One Hundred and Fortieth Regiment, but from the effect of five wounds received while in the service, he was unable to iio with the rea'iment to the front.

Others not elsewhere accounted for - William M. Wiles was promoted Major of the Forty-fourth Regiment, April 25, 1S63, and Jul}' 30, of the same year, promoted Lieutenant Colonel of the Twenty-second, and Februar}' 6, 1S64, Colonel of the same regiment. Col. Wiles deserves to be remembered as one of the most lo3'al men and brave soldiers who was in the volunteer service of Indiana. Jan.es P. Siddall commissioned Surgeon of the Twent}'- second Regiment, August 6, 1862; WiUiam T. Strickland, of Columbus, was commissioned Major of the Fift^'-second Regiment, September 4, 1862. He was dismissed April 17, 1864. William XMounts was commissioned First Lieutenant Compan}^ A, Fiftyninth Regiment, May i, 1865. In this regiment there were a few privates from Bartholomew Count}-. John J. Carter was commissioned First Lieutenant Company B, Seventy-first Regiment; C. B. Boynton, Surgeon in the Eighty-second Regiment; John B. Brazelton, Surgeon in the One Hundred and Thirtj'-fourth. In the One Hundred and Foity-fourth, One Hundred and Fort3--sixth "and One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiments there were a few Bartholomew Count}' men.

T/ie Indiana Legion, was an extensive organization throughout the State for the purpose of home defense in case of need. It served another purpose, however, that proved more useful than as Home Guards. It \\as the medium through which man}- good soldiers were brought into the service, that, perhaps, would not otherwise so readily Iku^c entered tlie active serxice of tlie United States. The driUing, too, was useful in prcparinq; men to a considerable extent for the evolutions tliat were required in actual war. In other words it was a training" school where men learned the rudiments of knowledge in war that so soon enabled theni to perform in the face of the enemy like trained veterans. Bartholomew County had several of these companies in the Legion, and tlie rostei of the officers reveals the names of man}' who led companies to the field of battle. (Among the home companies may be mentioned the Hope Guard'^ Shepherd F. Eaton, Captain; Columbus State Guards, Edward i3. Brasher, Captain; German Township Invincibles, William H. Ott, Captain; Indiana Guards, Henry H. Robertson, Captain.

Opi}iion in iS6j. - The sentiment that had been gaining ground against the prosecution of the war, probably attained its highest in the summer of 1S63, This, however, was not a sentiment in favor of rebellion, but in favor of conciliation, and was willing to continue the existence of slavery. The emancipation proclamation, to those who held such views, was a dangerous and unwarranted proceeding. To them it seemed the Government was waging a war of subjugation and for the abolition of slaver}'. Such a course they were heartily opposed to, and from these causes alone were opposed to the further prosecution of the war. They were erjuall}' opposed to the breaking up of the Union. A conservative or middle course was what they proposed to follow, but it is doubtful if such a plan could have succeeded at that time. President Lincoln took the smaller horn of the dilemma and wisely concluded that it was better to destroy slaver}^ than the Union. The Indiana Legislature of 1863, passed a resolution declaring in favor of calHng a national peace convention, and requested the people of Indiana to send representatives to a State convention that should appoint delegates to a National Assembl}'. This gave the opportunity for the various counties to express their sentiments upon the war question.

The Morgan Raid. - In July, 1863, there occurred an affair that created more excitement in Southern Indiana than au}'^ other period has known. This was the raid of the Confederate General, John H. Morgan, through the southeastern portions of the State into Ohio. lie crossed the Ohio River, at Conxion, this State, ami began his short raid that spreatl more lerroi- among- the inhabitants than an}' other occurrence of the kind iluring the war. lie proceeded northward to Paoli, in Orange Count\-, then to Salem, the county seat of Washington County. From that place his next town of importance was Vernon, in Jennings Countv, whence he directed his course toward Lawrenceburg. Wlien the news arrived that Morgan had invaded Indiana soil, there was not a town in the south central part of the State in which the people did not conclude they were the direct object of attack. Consternation spread with alarming rapidity. Governor Morton supposing that Indianapolis was the objective point of the raider, and Columbus being on the most practicable line of travel, telegraphed Col. Stansifcr, then in charge of the rendezvous camp at that place, to prepare to resist the invasion. In obedience to this command. Col. Stansifer immediately issued a call to the loyal citizens of the county, commanding them to repair with all haste to the probable scene of conflict; directing at the same time that the}' arm themselves with whatever implement of warfare that might be deemed useful in such an emergency. The call was responded to with the alacrity that bespoke patriotism. Some were armed with shot-guns and butcher knives, others with rifles and pistols, while still others were armed with axes, hoes, picks, or pitchforks. Many women who were reluctant to remain behind, joined the blood-thirsty hords, for what purpose it was not known, unless as suggested by one of the most active participants, they went to care for the killed and wounded. Col. Stansifer, who was in command, ordered the women to evacuate the town. This was done with much reluctance, and the leave-taking is said to have been heart-rending. When the women had been thus disposed of, the men under the supervision of Mr. Wilson, an old soldier, at once began preparations for fortifying the town. Before much had been accomplished in this direction, however, intelligence was received through Governor Morton that the Rebel General, with his 4,000 raiders, were well on their way to the Ohio line. A company of 200 was immediately organized for pursuit. They at once telegraphed the Governor, informing him that a company of 200 mounted ca\'alry was oi-o-auized, and askin-;- what tliey should do for lioiscs. The answer came from Gen. Terrell, the Governor's private seerelarv, V "to dismount and ^^o a-foot."'

Soon after the news was received from tlie (Governor, and excitement had somewhat subsided, a few of the most ^vatchful saw a man dressed in a full uniform of butternut jeans skulking about apparently with evil intent, hiding in .stables and haA'-mows. He was immediately arrested, suspected of being a spy from Morgan's Army, and taken before Col. Stansifer for trial and execution, if convicted. At first the prisoner refused to explain his actions. The Colonel dien proceeded with him to the rear of an old barn, and after some promises of leniency, perhaps, and the assurance that he would not betray his secret unless it proved his actions treasonable, he explained that the reason why he had been hiding about stables and ha^^-mows, was that since the saloons had been ordered closed he was compelled to conceal his bottle there, and his otherwise suspicious actions were thus explained. It is claimed that Col. Stansifer has never betrayed the confidence of the Morgan spy. Under Squire George W. Olmsted, a detachment of men were sent to obstruct the road along which it was supposed Morgan would proceed. Trees were felled across the road, bridges burned, and for miles the obstruction was complete.

Roll of Honor. - The following is a roll of hqnor, as taken from the Adjutant Gen^ al's Report for the State, and as that work contains many errors, it can hardly be hoped that this roll is free from mistakes. The list given comprises only the privates who died either from w. unds or otherwdse before receiving a final discharge. It doubtless contains man}^ errors and omissions, but is the best that can be obtained at this time.

Cummings, William A., killed at Allatoona, May 27, 1864. Moberly, Elhanan W., died at Bowling Green, December 25, 1865. Mounts, George W., killed at Chickamauga, September 20, 1863. Bozelle, Johnson, died at Green River, December 21, 1861. Clark, Enos, killed at Stone River, December 31, 1862. DoMcll, William L., died in prison, August 26, 1S64.

Sixth Rcg-iiiicih', Co)]ifany G. Dunlop, Robert, died at Newbern, September 4, 1^62. Rowe, Cicero, died in prison, Februar}^ 12, 1864. Huffer, Hc^nr}'^ F., died at Shiloh, April 25, 1862. Bratford, Alexander, died at Nashville, February 16, 1863, of wounds. Crouch, James A., died April 17, 1862. Campbell, Elijah, died at Nashville, March 20, 1863. Cash, Gabriel, died at Resacca, May 15, 1864. Furgerson, Nathaniel, died at Chattanooga, February 18, 1864, of wounds. Gibbom, John S., died at Evansville, May 20, 1862. Hook, John M., died November 25, 1863, of wounds. Hines, Samuel, killed at Chickamauga, September 20, 1S63. Keay, James, killed at Stone River, December 31, 1862. McCombs, W^iUiam J., died Ma}^ 15, 1864, of wounds. Melott, William S., died at luka, January 28, 1862.

Milk T, Jolm R., died at Nolan Kentucky. Miller, Jordan, died May 28, 186.]., of wounds. O'Neil, Thomas, died at Anderson\ille, April 2, iS6^. I'ond, John F., died at Naslnille, ]"ehruar\' 19, 1864, of wounds. Smith, Thomas, died September 26, 1863, of ^vounds. Powell, William, died September 20, 1863, of wounds.

Carpenter, Jesse, died at Chattanooga, Jul}' 6, 1864. Finle}', Robert C, died at Seymour, June 15, 1862. Newkirk, John W., killed at Kenesaw, June 18, 1864. Wheatley, William M., died at Corinth, May 27, 1862. Jordan, James T., died June 18, 1S64, of wounds.

Blair, David W., died at Paducah, K3'., September 28, 1861. Crittenden, Robert M., died at Paducah, K3^, September 16, i86r. Fogel, James S., killed at Champion Hills, May 16, 1862. Pond, Hiram, died at Brownsville, September 24, 1863. Thomas, Bruce J., died at Evansvill?;, April i, 1862. Wilson, Joseph, died at Paducah, November 21, 1861.

Till r I cent li J^ci^iiiicn/, Company K. Hendricks, D. J., killed at Green Biiar, October 3, 1861. Jones, William J., died at Folly Island, November 20, 1863. Wood, John, died at Cumberland, Md., Januaiy 21, 1862. Coons, George W., killed at Petersburg, Va., June 30, 1864.

Tiocnty-sccond Rci^'i'mcnf, Compxui)' E. Niceley, William A., killed at Kenesaw, June 27, 1864. Madden, Patrick, killed at Stone River, December 31, 1862. Britton, J. C, died at Otterville, Mo., December 9, 1861. Critchtield, Silas, died at Syracuse* Mo., December 25, 1861. Copeland, Lewis, died at Murfreesboro, January 12, 1864. Drislane, Richard, killed at Perry ville, October 8, 1862, Dinkins, James, died at Jacinto, August 4, 1862. Dinkins, George, died at Syracuse, December 25, 1S61. Lock, F. M., died at St. Louis, December 6, 1861. Lock, J. M., died at S)'racuse, Mo., November 30, 1861. Leap, Samuel W., killed at Stone River, December 31, 1861. Miller, J. P., died at Sulphur Rock, Ark., May 11, 1862. Morrison, Miles V., killed at Penyville, October 3, 1862. MalHn, Thomas, killed at Penyville, October 3, 1862. JNxerriman, Allen, killed at Penyville, October 3, 1862. Merriman, Benjamin, died at Syracuse, Mo., December 31, :(:86i. Morrison, Albert, killed at Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864. Oglevie, W. B., died at luka. Miss., August 20, 1862. Porter, Isaac, died at Wa3-nesboro, Ind., June 18, 1862. Richards, J. F., died at Georgetown, Mo., October, 1861. Smith, William, died at Syracuse, IMo., Januaiy 5, 1862.

Schmidt, Geor^rc S., killed at IV'rrv \ illi', Orlobcr 8, 1862. Snodj4rass, Robert, killed at Rome, (ia.. Ma\- 17, 186. [. jSensabau^-h, Amlrew, killei,! at joiiesboix), Sejitember 1, 186 |. Smith, J.. W., killed at Atlanta, July 2;^, r86|.. Sulli\an, Thomas, killed at rerrvville, October 8, 1862. Tha_\-er, l^eonidas, killed at TerrN \ille, October 8, 1862. Veasey, James E., killed at Perry ville, October 8, 1862. Neaver, George, killed at Atlanta, August 9, iS6.\. Wasson, R. B., died at Louisville, December 8, 1864. Adcock, Elisha, died in Andersonville Prison. Love, Joseph, killed at Penyville, October 8, 1S62.

Tzi'ciify-sccoiid /\cg-/n!Ciif, Coiiifni} r 6^. Greenfield, James, died of wounds, June 2, 1864. Hortman, Lewis, died at St. Louis, December iS, }86i. Higholt, George, died at E\-ansvi!le, November 3, 1862, Mitchell, Walter, died at Jefferson City, Missouri, October 3, 1861, Muir, William M., died at Fort Smith, Arkansas, April, 1S62. Whipker, lienr}-, died at St. Louis, December i, 1861. Candon, William, died November 9, 1862. Hobbs, Harrison, died at Nashville, December 13, 1S62. Stanley, Charles, died at Hamburg, Tennessee, July 31, 1S62.

T/iiriy-lfu'rd lu'^-iiiiciif, Coiiipaiix I. Porter,vCharlcs II., killed at Kenesaw, June 22, 1S64. Painter, Christopher C, killed at Peach Tree Creek, July 20,

1864. Higgins, Richard II., died September 20, 1S62. Rhincsmith, Charles, died December 9, 1861. Miller, William, died December 30, 1861. Alexander, Duncan, died in Rebel Prison, March 16, 1S63. Brendle, Charles T., died in Rebel Prison, April i, 1S63. Benhan, Dempster B., killed at Kenesaw, June 22, 1864. Cook, Harrison E., died December 5, 1S61. Drake, Joel, died at Crab Orchard, Ky., December 28, 1S61. Fisher, Joshua, died at ?yIadison, Februar}' 11, 1S65. Potzal, Willian, killed at Thompson Station, March 5, 1S63. Reese, Amos, died November 3, 1861.

Scudder, Lewis C, died at Chattanooga, July 15, 1864, of wounds. Simmons, Thomas 11., killed at Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864. Vogler, William, killed at Wild Cat, Ky., October 20, 1861. White, ShubelC, died July 20, 1864, of wounds. Berket, Elliott J., died April 12, 1S63.

Beacher, Francis, died at home, April 30, 1862. Forbes, Samuel T., killed at Stone River, December 31, 1862. Bante, William, killed at Chickamauga, September 20, 1863. Cox, Walter, killed at Stone River, December 31, 1862. Davis, Ben T., killed at Stone River, December 31, 1862. Hatten, Allen, died at INIurfreesboro, Januar}' 7, 1863, of wounds. Nolte, John H., died in Andersonville Prison, October, 1864. Parker, Charles, killed at Chickamauga, December 20, 1863. Prather, Basil R., died at Anapolis, December 19, 1864. Rogers, Alex, died at Nashville, Februar}- 3, 1863. Stringer, Fletcher P., died at Camp Nevin, K3'., November 22, 1S61. Sullivan, Jeremiah, died at Nashville, January- 6, 1S63.

fortieth Rci(iinc)it^ Conipanv C Lowe, Edward, died at Tlunlsville, Ala., Marcli i6, 1S65. Wyne, James W., died at Iluntsville, Ala., June 16, 1S65.

Alncly-lhird Rcgiiuciil., Conifxiiiy A. Evans, Charles, died at Memphis, Jul}- 2, 1S63. Tirtle, John, died at home, December 14, 1862. Grimstead, Francis M., died at La Grange, Tenn., Januar)- 14, 1863, Cooley, William G., died at Vicksburg, Jul3- 6, 1S63. Haiselop, John, died May 18, 1S63.

Henry, John W., died Bunt3'n Station, February 14, 1S63. Johnson, James F., died at Memphis, Februar}- 8, 1864. King, Charles M., died at Duckport, La., June 16, 1863. Kinder, George, died at Anapolis, June 2, 1865, of wounds. Lawj^er, David, died at Madison, September 17, 1862. Lucas, Jesse, died at Vicksburg, June, 1865. Lucas, John F., died at Duckport, June 10, 1863. Ping, William, died at Memphis, April 5, 1863. Ping, James, killed at Vicksburg, May 21, 1863. Shaw, George W., died at Memphis, March 10, 1864. Skinner, Hiram J., died at Jeffersonville, March 9, 1865. Shibling, James W., died at Vicksburg, June 16, 1865. Tirtle, WilHam F., died at Duckport, M?iy 13, 1863. Toler, John, died in prison, February- 9, 1865. Wantland, Noah, died at CHnton, Miss., Juh' 29, 1863. Woods, Isaiah, died at Holly Springs, Januar}^ 4, 1863. Critchfield, Solomon, died in prison, August 19, 1864, of wounds.

JViiic/y-i/tird Rcgiiiicnf, Company C. Rogers, James, died at La Grange, Tenn., January 17, 1S63. Ward, Alexander, died at Vicksburg, August 8, 1863.

Hacker, Clayborn 15., died at home, August 2, 1863. Cunzick, Stephen, died at Corinth, Februaiy i, 1S63. Edgington, Thomas E., died at Jackson, Januaiy 13, 1S63. Gaines, George B., died at Corinth, January 29, 1863. Graves, Elbert, died December 29, 1S63, of wounds. Horner, George, died at C(M-inth, Januar}' 19, 1863. Long, Philip, killed at Guntown, June 10, 1864. Ogden, Giler, died at INIemphis, February 27, 1864. Powell, Luther, died at Memphis, February 16, 1863. Quillen, Patrick, died at Young's Point, i\Liy i, 1863. Sandefer, Isaac, died at Memphis, January 16, 1S63. Simington, William IL, died May 12, 1863.

One Iliindrcd and Tivcnticih Regiment^ Company A. Critser, George, died at Nashville, Jul}' 15, 1864, of wounds. Davis, Lorenzo D., died October 23, 1S64. Gilbreath, Ira W., killed at Kingston, N. C, INIarch 11, 1865. Linke, Ben F., died at Charlotte, N. C, May 16, 1865. Osborn, Lewis, died December 16, 1864. Robertson, Charles, died October 27, 1S64. Robertson, Arie P., died April 15, 1864. Shaw, John, killed at Franklin, November 30, 1864. Van Pelt, Samuel, died at Bridgeport, Ala., Jime 2, 1864. Vaunr}', William P., died at Nashville, June 6, 1865.

Company L. Crossle}', Minor G. M., killed while prisoner, December 15, 1864. Elza, James M., died at Decatur, Alabama, August 25, 1864. Farrell, William, lost on Sultana, April 27, 1865. Fivecoat, George, died at Pulaski, Tennessee, June 6, 1864.

Good, nn' J., died June 26, iS6.j. Linton, Dick, drcnx'iicd iNlarcli 26, 1865. T'eny, Jaiiies IM., died at Nasln ille, December 5, 1S64. Pyle, Wylie, died at Decatur, Ala1,iania, December 25, 1864. Stribling, Bradford, died at Nashville, March 27, 1865. Shroyer, Josiah, died at Gallatin, Tennessee, February 6, 1865.

One Hundred and Foriieth Reginie}il, Company I). John on, Clem T., died at Washington, March 9, 1S65. Carson, John, died at Smithville, Tenn., May 2, 1865. Lawlis, George 11., died at IMm-freesboro, Januar}- 25, 1S65. Smith, John M., died at Louisville, Februar}^ 2, 1865. Stanfield, Allen, died at Murfreesboro, February 12, 1865.

One Hundred and Foriy-ffth Regiment, Company A. Bailey, Mahlon, killed Februar}' 18, 1865. Crossland, Samuel, died at Dalton, Georgia, June 4, 1865. Frost, William, died at Cuthbert, Georgia, October 13, 1865. Mitchum, John, died at Dalton, Georgia, March 20, 1865. Tilton, William B., died at Dalton, Georgia, April 2, 1S65.

Bounty and Relief, - In order to stimulate volunteering, the United States Government authorized the pa3'ment of bounties earl}^ in the war to those who should enlist for the term of three years. In the first j-ear of the war this amount was fixed at $100. Orders from the war department at various times authorized the pa3'ment of additional sums ranging as high as $400, according to the nature and term of service. The inequalities of bounties created great dissatisfaction, but it was claimed by the authorities that the exigencies of the times demanded it and could not be avoided. An ad;'itionel inducement was offered in the wa}- of a land warrant for fort3'-acres of public land to each soldier receiving an honorable discharge. This, taken with the amount of the bounty, which was considered about the va.hic of a mule, ]irou<;ht about that famous and popuhu- phrase, " fort}- acres and a mule," and doubtless had much to do with the successful volunteerinjj;- which cliaracterized the war. I'esides the Naticjnal bounties, lar<;e and often extravag.uit sums were j^aid by many of the counties. These had the effect to lighten the drafts, but at tlie same time increased the taxes. The latter, howe\er, cut but little llgure in the question. People would not put a price on the Union, and n- matter what was required to preserve it, that reipirement was always met. In Bartholomew County this spirit was full}' maintained, and the Board of Commissioners at different times met the popular demand b}' offerin. bounties.

Another important item canre under the head of Relief. This included whatever sums were paid to support the families of those who had enlisted and were absent in the field of battle, and also the supplies forwarded to the soldiers themselves. A few months' experience showed how much the Government lacked of being prepared for supplying an army with the necessar}^ comforts required b}' a soldier. Immediately after the opening of the war there was a Soldiers' Aid Society formed in Columbus b}' the leading ladies of the town. The work which those noble-hearted women did went far toward relieving the wants of the soldiers. Scarcety a week passed without a shipment to the front of mittens, socks, blankets and such other articles as a soldier would likel}'- need to withstand the extremities of the seasons. These contributions were purel}'^ personal, and the women of the whole count}"^ were requested to bring in whatever could be properl}' spared. In this wa}' many dollars were spent in the soldiers' behalf which are not included in the following amount of Bounty and Relief paid b}'- the count}' and townships.

These calls aggregate more than 2,300,000 men and give some idea of the magnitude of the Civil War in the United States. It wiU be interesting to know what part of this immense arm}^ was furnished by Bartholomew County. The first enrollment .)f the militia in Indiana after the commencement of the war was made September 19, 1862. The total miUtia force of the county was 2,753, of which 335 were exempt from bearing arms, leaving 2,418 subject to draft. The county was at that date credited with having furnished 1,592 volunteers, all of which were then in the service.

It was under this ciiroUinciit that the llrst draft in Indiana occurred October 6, 1S62, to supply the number required by the call of Au^-- ust 4Lh. *'T]ie quota of Bartholomew County under that draft was twenty-four men, apportioned among these townships: Union 11, Clay 2, Harrison 10, Rock Creek i. The Draft Ollicers were: Simeon Stansifer, Commissioner; Isham Keith, Marshal; John II. Ford, Surgeon.

The call of October 17, 1863, demanded of Bartholomew County 214 men, which number was furnished without resorting to a draft. Under the calls of February ist, March 15th and July iSth, 1S64, the total quota for the count}^ was 1,055 men, to offset which it was credited with S91 new recruits, 211 veterans and 1 1 by draft, making 1,113, or 58 more than were required. The President's last call for troops, December 19, 1^-6^, asked this county for 319 men. Against this number the county was credited with 304 new recruits, 3 veterans and 13 b}^ draft, making in all 320. This was the condition of the account with Bartholomew County on the 14th of April, 1865, at which time all efforts to raise troops were abandoned. It shows a balance in favor of the county. The draft under this last call was made upon the basis of the third enrollment of the State, or second under the Enrollnient Act of Congress. That enrollment showed the count}' to have had a militia force of 2,626. These figures show that the county furnished 3,263 men for the war, or 510 more than the number first reported as its total militia force. This need not imply that there were that number of separate men from this county in the war, for there were not. A considerable number of the men enlisted twice, and some three times, and they were counted for each enlistment. It is probable that 500 will include the number of those who were thus recounted. Thus it will be seen that Bartholomew County alone furnished enough men to make more than two full regiments, a considerable army in itself.

3!^f;;,3i'^^; TTEMPT has been made elsewhere to clejMct tlie ^^^i^^^i£^ state of societ}-, as moulded by the rouglit;!- in- ^^^^^ fluences of pioneer life into conditions that encouraged W^$!$^S l^^^'^'lcssness with its necessarily accompanying evils, and ^^^S cultivated a contempt for the plainest principles of mor- V-^'^^T^ alit}'. In the histoiy of the churches may be found a ^» statement of facts more pleasing in its aspect, to him who delights in the moral and religious advancement of his race. The earl}' work was prosecuted witli commendable zeal and vigor, and with means best suited to the times and manners of the people, though such as might not be used successfull}- to-da}'. Continual controvers}' existed between the sects; all except the Quakers engaged in the war of dogmas; the bitterness and animosity engendered swa3-ed and excited entire settlements and communities. A pen picture of the times as made by General Terrell is here exhibited: " On what may be termed the main points touching the

Divine cxistenfe, a jierpclual heavenly stale for the blessed, an eternity of danmalion and woe for the wicked, and the necessity of living a h*re of pnrc morality, loving the Lord through the Saviour of the world, with steadfast fer\or and de\'Otion, in order to ^ain the ineffable jovs and escape the torments of the inevitable, everlasting and never-ending hell, all religionists and sects were mainl}'' agreed. But on doctrinal points, the diff.erent forms of worship, church discipline, the administration of religious ordinances, and other abstractions, the different opinions were as wide apart as the poles. The spirit displayed in attacking and defending was intensel}' partisan, even to the points of vindictiveness and intolerance. It assumed for itself the baneful form of hiunan infallibility to seek and find the time and only means of salvation, and claimed for itself the whole right and credit of the discover}'. It denounced in terms of reproach and abhorence all dissenters from its teachings and convictions, without according ; ) its adversaries or opponents the least latitude for freedom of thought or honest difference of opinion. Each of its self-sufficient and imperious votaries assumed to thank God for not being like other men. It grew wroth and could not brook the denial of its assumptions. It planted itself, as if upon a rock, upon its own superciliousness and sought controversy b}' a succession of flaunting charges and counter-charges that deprived themselves of the power to teach or convince, and only served to deepen, intensify, and influence the passions of those who held different views. Grevious words took the place of soft answers; the aim and scope of the argument, if such it may be likened to, being to force the opposition or contrary minded to come to the mountain regardless of the different s of vision and thought sincerely entertained and inseparable from the human intellect. Such was the state of doctrinal, not religious feeling.

" The sects struggled for the master}- under the mistaken notion that religious dogmas, forms, and ordinances were destined to convert the world. Traveling preachers representing every sect swarmed, through the country, despite the drear}' wilderness and privations of the new settlements, and scattered their seed far and wide. The Presbyterians stood by infant baptisms (sprinkling) ; the Baptists claimed for immersion as the true mode and attributed absolute cOlcacy to waivr as a means and seal of pardon; the Methodists held fast to the niournei-s' bench and special p)-o\idences in the conversion of sinners, and by fearfully illustrating the horrors of a literal hell of lire and brinsstonc, made conquests rather by the fear of the devil than from the love of God; the Reformers following the teachings of Alexander Campbell, pointed out the way through faith, repentance and baptism by in)^iiersion, discarding all creeds except the 'Bible alone'; the other sects were of slow growtli and did not iigure largely in the awakening. So gro:it were the clashings and so fearfuU}^ virulent, earnest, and unrelentingl}^ partisan, did the strifes between these sects become that personal and family friendships were broken up, and social intercourse was disrupted and often entirely ceased between the irascible and excited disputants, A revival, or the prospect of one, in favor of one of the churches was the signal for an opposition or counter-acting effort by one or more of the others, and the struggle ostensibly in favor of the cause of the Master, was in reality a fight over forms, customs and ordinances, in which heated, boastful passion, took the place of persuasive, simple piety; and sarcastic ridicule held sway instead of Bible truth and cogent reason. No good could come out of this Nazareth; the charity that seeketh to di.'-.over and to kindl}^ recognize the good and the true wherever found, whether based upon the doctrines entertained by the seeker or not, was wanting. The disposition was plainl}' and emphaticall}' shown, to keep those erring souls who could not embrace the sprinlding, mourners' bench, immersion, or other features of doctrinal belief, out of the pale of salvation entirel3% No hand of congratulation was held out to the warring worker, who sti-uggled to overthrow the evil one b}^ means which were anathematized, ridiculed and ignored b}^ his religious enemies. Each faction claimed pre-emption to work the field exclusively and damned all interference with vehement enthusiasm. A convert made through a change of views as to a doctrinal point or S3'mbolic form from another church caused more rejoicing than if ninety and nine wholly unregenerated souls were brought to accept the truth as it is in the Son of God. A blast from the pulpit to-day was met by a counter-blast from another pulpit to-morrow; one blow at a pet rule of church discipline was

As a result of this antagonistic sjiirit, but not until it had become sulliciently softened to permit of a friendl}* and harmonious intercourse, there were many memorable debates between the prominent representatives of the sects, sometimes lasting for days, and int. - which intellectual re-inforcement from abroad was frequently drawn. Notable among these was a joint discussion on "baptism between William iNI. Brown, of Kentucky, a well-educated, vigorous, and rather brillinnt 3'oung preacher of the Campbell school, and Rev. Joseph G. Monfort (afterward a D. D.), an able Presb^'terian, held in the old brick court house, about 1S3S, and largeh' attended by the people of the village and surrounding countr}'. Another debate was held at the Christian Church, in Columbus, in 1843, between Elder Jacob T. Wright, of that denomination, and Rev. Erasmus Manford, Universalist, on the question, " Do the Scriptures teach the final holiness and happiness of all mankind ? " The latter affirmed; the former denied. John B. New opened the exercises by calling on the audience to sing, " Before Jehovah's awful throne," and following it with a fervent pra3'er. Joseph Fassett, Abraham Hammond and William Herod acted as moderators. The debate lasted three days and was ably and courteousl}' conducted. In the Christian Church, in 1854, William W. Curr}' and Henr}^ R. Pritchard vigorously discussed before a large audience, the subject of ]idl. Alexander Campbell discussed infidelity with Robert Dale Owen, Roman Catholicism with Father Purcell, and infant baptism with Rev. Rice. The religious excitement of the times was kept alive by various factions. The Millerites predicting the end of the world precipitated various controversies about the judgment da}-^ and many were greatly alarmed. The intr. )duction of mesmerism and the mesmeric shows of Dr. Isaac Keely, turned out a host of pupils that swarmed through the countr}', filled the columns of the papers with exciting accounts of their wonderful doings, and brought on a spiritualistic excitement which was .slow to subside. A Mormon missionar)-, naineil Ilinklc, came into the eastern part of llie count}-, and drew heavily on flie Baptist cliurches. Ivev. Josepli Fassett enii,a::;ed the ajKistle in a debate on Mornionism. Jonatlian Ford, John Fklridge and olliers, joineil the Mormons and removed with them froni tlie county. But after tliese turbulent times came peace, though there has e\'er been a friendh' contest and struggle for the supreniacv by tlie votaries of the various denominations. The trials and successes of each are recorded in the following pages.

Jfcl'ioJis/ Episcopal CJutirhJ'' - There were no IMetliLdist churches in the New I^urchasc, south of the Uj^per Waliash, until after the land surveys of 1S19 and 1S20. There may ha\-e been preaching along the Upper Wabasli at the military posts at an earlier time, as there was in tlie southern parts of the State. The station mentioned as "Blue River"' by writers on early rNfethodism, was in Washington County, near Salem, and "Flat Rock" station in Henr}- Count}-. But the first settlers had hardly raised their rude log cabins within the present boundaries of Bartholomew Count}- before the itinerant preachers began to push their way into the wilderness and preach the word of God where\-er a handful of men and women could be brought together. The first circuit, organized in 1S21, by James Garner, a local preacher, was quite extensive; it included all of Jennings and Bartholomew counties, to within 'three miles ; T Shelbyville, to Wolfe Creek in Morgan County, and to Brownstown in Jackson County. This was called the Flat Rock circuit and was in the Indiana District of the Missouri Conference. The first appointments, George K. Hester, preacher, and Samuel Hamilton, Presiding Elder, were made in October, 1821. The name of this first preacher became a household word in the christian homes of the new country. Of German parentage, he was born near Shelbyville, Kentucky, in 1794. At the age of fifteen he united with the church and some time thereafter became convei'ted, and realizing that he was called to the ministry, preached his first sermon in September, 1813. He was Hcensed in 1820, was admitted to the Missouri Conference and sent to the Mt. Sterling (Indiana) circuit, in Crawford Count}-. Young and zeal-

Riclkiious History

IV'rha'jts the iirsl socielN- in the county was in the I lawjiatch, formed in 182 i; anioni;- those composing;" it, beini;" Jesse and C'allierine Ruddick, their daughters, Polly and Nancy, Joshua and Jk'tsy IMcQucen, Elijah vSl )an and wife, Robert and Kate Wilkinson, and jNIaria, their daughter. Joseph McQueen was a local preacher in this neighborhood whose power and influence were great. After many years of faitliful work for this sect, because of differences of opinion on doctrinal points, he left the Methodist Church and became a leader among the Separate Baptists in Christ.

In the fall of 1822, at a camp-mccting* held in the Ilawpatch, the people there agreed to build a union meeting house, free to all, John Young donating an acre of ground for the church and graveyard. Soon thereafter a log house, 20x26 feet, was raised and was long known as the Liberty meeting and school house. Subsequently John Young sold his farm to David Ta3'lor, neglecting to reserve the acre promised to the church and the latter refused to allow an}- more to be interred in the grave-yard. Thus improx'cments there were effectually checked. At the fourth quarterly conference of Flat Rock circuit, held in August, 1S22, in the Hawpatch, there were present: George K. Hester, preacher; Joseph I'ownall, local Elder; Thomas Lowre}', local preacher; Joseph McQueen, Peleg Gifford, Nelson Monroe, Henry Bewell, John Parker, cxhorters; Hezekiah Davidson, John Farquar, stewards; Isaac Marshall, T. Dane, Nathan Carter, Elijah Sloan, Enoch Evans, James Striker, Lewis Blankenship, W. Conner, Dorman Bloss, class leaders. Thus it seems the organization of classes had been vigorously and successful!}' prosecuted. In the cabins of the settlers or in the open woods in all the settlements, preaching was held as frequently as possible and classes were organized wherever practicable.

Mr. Hester preached his first sermons in Columbus at the house of Aiken A. Wiles, a potter from Lebanon, Ohio, who came in 1822. His house was of hewed logs, and perhaps twenty feet square. Later in the same year Thomas Ilinkson came to Columbus and built the first frame house in the village. Upon its com- plctiun in .1S23, lie offered its use as a preaehiiic;- plaee to all (leiiominations. The Presbyterians and Methodists accepted the offer, and here Dennis Willey, who had been appointed to the circuit in the pre\-ious October, organized a class, of \vhich James X. Lo\e, a pure and powerful exhorter, was probabl\- the lirst leader. On the loth of yiay in that year, (9en. John Tipton deeded a lot in Columbus, north of Lot 43 on WashinL;ton Street, to Joseph G. Williams, Aikin A. Wiles, Joseph Pownalh John Farquar and Elijah Sloan, Trustees, for the purpose of buildini,^ a church thereon, but several years elapsed before the house w as erected. This was Dennis Wi]le}-*s last circuit. He had commenced his ministrv far in the interior of Arkansas, and there preached his first sermon in the bar-room of a tavern, with the Territorial officers for an audience. He was kind-hearted, a good preacher, and made the truth of the Scriptures very plain. A*fter him came Thomas Rice, with William Beauchamp as Presiding Elder, who, because of his effecti\'e natural eloquence, was often styled the Demosthenes of the West.

In 1S24, the Illinois Conference held its first session at Charlestown; Thomas liewson and James Garner were the pastors, and the gifted John Strange was Presiding Elder, remaining on the district four years. Mr. Strange spent much of his ministerial life in the State, and is remembered by all the oldest Methodists with affection. He drew large crowds to hear him, and was tender and pathetic, or grand and awful, as the subject required. He was a tall, slender man, with black hair and blue eyes; voice of remarkable compass and power, and always preached with true unction. In 1S25, the preachers appointed were, James Jones and T. S. Hitt. Because of the hitter's sickness he w\as replaced by Joel Havens, who was subsequently expelled for going to law with a brother. Abner H. Cheaver came next, and was succeeded in 1827 b3' Constant B. Jones, who preached in a stone house owned by ]Mrs. Hinkson. He re-organized the class and gave it an impetus which considerably increased its growth. The Columbus circuit was formed at the annual conference of 1827, and the first quarterly conference was held at Edinburg. Constant B. Jones ^vas preacher in charge. J. Pownall, J. Richey, J. McQueen and x\. Phelps were local preachers; P. Gifford, Thomas Done, J. MclCwcn ami Elijali Carter, exhorters; George IJarrelt, Isaiah Livingstone, and L Parrish, Headers. Quarterage raised amounted in all to $12.25. Of this amount John Strange received ."1^2.81.

The nanie of Williamson Terrell appears on the minutes of the fourth qu;u"terlv conference of Columbus circuit, in 1S28, as an exhorter \Nhose license was renewed. lie was horn in Clark County, Ky., June 12, 1S05, and moved to Vernon with his parents in 1820. Here he united with the Paptist Church, wlieii fifteen years old, and aflerw ard, during a visit to Kentucky, united with the Methodist Episcopal Church. lie nioved to Columbus in 1827, when twenty-two years old, and became actively identified with the church,, and was soon appointed class leader. He was ordained Deacon by Pishop Roberts, in 1830, and was a local preacher until 1S41, when he entered the conference. His soul was filled with gra. e and power. Revivals followed his labors in all parts of the circuit, and he brought many souls into the Kingdom. Full of years and full of honors, he died while in the active discharge of his duties as Presiding Elder on Easter d.iy, April 15, 1873. _ .

In 182S, Asa Peck, as pastor, Lewis Plankenship, as assistant, and Allen Wiley, as Presiding Elder, were appointed to the Columbus circuit. At this time there were but thirty-five members of the church at Columbus, and about 500 in the entire circuit, which number, however, Avas increased to 700 before the conference of that year. For his year's work Mr. Beck received $70, "mostly," as he himself has written, " in the product of the farm and knitting needle." In the town, preaching was held at Terrell's cabinet shop, and quarterly meetings at the court house. During his ministry the people succeeded in building, b}' subscription, a union meeting house, open to all Christian denominations, the first making an appointment for a certain time, to have precedence over all others. April 7, 1829, a deed for the property, to be used for this purpose, was made b}' Hiram Smith and wife to W. Terrell, Ephraim Arnold and Samuel Crittenden, as Trustees of the "Columbus Liberty Meeting and School House." It stood opposite the residence of Dr. S. M. Linton, built many years later; was about

25x50 ft_'cl, one; sUiiy hi<^'!i, with ;i door in uacli cntl, .'iiul one in fronl. On cither side of tiie front door were two windows, in tlie center of tlie rear wall, opposite the door, was the pul]iit, in front of which and built into it, was the schoolmaster's desk. On c^ithcr side of the piilpi'c were two windows corresponding- to those in the front wall. After the building of the railroad it was moved from its old site and sold for .f pS2.

In 1S29, Isaac N. Ellsbur}', with John T. Johnson as assistant, were the preachers. The beloved John Strange again became Presiding Elder and remained such through the following year. In the following year Nathan Fairchild was emplo^-ed as a supply. For some time he had been a noted local preacher. His education was limited, his studies having been contined chiefly to the Bible and Pollock's Course of Time, but his natural eloquence was truh" great. He frequently held his audience in breathless attention, and such was the magnetic influence of his personalit}'- that he " moved the living mass as if he were its soul." He was more given to driving men into the Kingdom through the terrors of a literal hell vividly and terrillcall}"^ portrayed than to coaxing them into it through a pleasing description of the J03'S that attend a Christian life and the delights of Heaven gained. He was considered the grandest exhorter of his time in this localit}', and man}' now living can testify to his power.

Amos Sparks was in the next year appointed to the circuit. As Presiding Elder, James Havens succeeded John Strange. In 1832, the Indiana Conference formed and met at New Alban}-. Here Charles Bonner was appointed to the Columbus circuit; Allen Wiley, Presiding Elder. These were followed b}' Spencer \V. Hunter, preacher, and James Havens, Presiding Elder. At this time efforts were made to build a parsonage at Columbus, W. Terrell, J. N. Love and J. B. Abbett, forming a committee to attend to the matter, but permanent results were not accomplished. The next on the circuit were WilHam H. Smith and Lewis Ilurlbut, each serving one year in the order named. During both years the Presiding Elder \vas Joseph Oglesb}'-, whose successor was Samuel C. Cooper. In 1836, W. W. Ilibben rode the circuit. At this time there was not a distinctly jMethodist Church building in the county except at

Carter's CIi;'.|U'l. In Columbus, prayer iiU'Ctini^s were lu'ld at llic liouscs of James X. Lo\i: and otlicr members. As to Sabballi Schools, jn which the churches of the counly are now justly proutl, there 1k;'1 not lx'e4i one established. During the ycnv several appointments were taken from this circuit and aiUUd to that of Shelbyville, which to some i;.\tent lessened the arduous labcM's of the faithful and indefatigable circuit-riders. In that \ear Mr. Ilibben preached 230 sermons, traveled 2,100 miles, had 200 accessions to the churcli, and received $2.|6 - or the necessaries of life valued at that sum. The preaching places were: Columbus, Rev. J. A. Speer's, Jesse Evans', Love's school house, Sloan's school house, Herron's school house, Edinburg Chapel, Rev. Alfred Phelps', Isaac IMarshall's, Jonathan Smith's, Shepard's, Carter's Chapel, Blackwell's, Wooley's school house, Robinson's school house, McGraw's, Thompson's, Nathan Lewis', Abrahani Zeigler's, Vanarsdall's, AzoUa, Price's, Swisher's, and Clark's, These were changed from time to time and added to as the growth of the population made it necessar}- in order to preach to all who were willing to hear. The entire count}' was thoroughly worked.

- Next came James V. Watson, an eloquent and earnest preacher, with Constant B. Jones as assistant. Succeeding Watson were Miltiades JMiller and Landy Havens, in 1838; George K. Hester and Draper Chipman, 1839; B. F. GrifBth and Leander Forbes, 1840; Wilhamson Terrell and Thomas Spillnan, 1S41; John W. Mellender and James Templin, 1842; W. Terrell and Sanford Bottingall, 1843; Elijah Whitten and John C. Kelle}-, 1S44; Landy Havens, 1845; Amos Busse}-, 1846; Constant B. Jones, 1847; John W. Sullivan, 1S48 and 1S49. During this time the Presiding Elders were Augustus Eddy, one year; Henry S. Talbot, one year; John Miller, two years; James Havens, two years; Lucien W, Berry, two years, and Edward R. Ames, four years, or until 1850. In the summer of 1S49, c^'-ii'i'iy" ^^e first year of his work on the circuit Mr. Sullivan started with his family to Wisconsin, intending to enter the conference there. Before his destination was reached it was represented to the conference, by mistake, that the new-comer had ten children, which being considered too great a burden for the conference to assume, the applicant was denied adinis.sion. . Grcatl}- disappoinli'd, he inatlc liis \vav liack to Columbus, and soon lluTcaftcr coiulucU'd one of [he hnv^vsl and most ' successful revivals that the ]ieople of CoIuuiImis had, up to that time witnessed. At its elf)se, tlie churcli and citizens of tlu' town, regardless of denominational differences, petitioned the Uisliop to make Columbus a station and appoint Mr. Sullivan as its jiastor. Their prayer was gr.snted, and this act marks an epoch in tlie history of jNIethodism the county. All these earl)- cIuucIk-, accounts of which arc ^iven in the following pages, were su]iplied, up to this time, b}- the ministers who have thus far been named.

The minutes of the Lidiana Conference were published for the first time in 1S49, '^""^^ ^^''^ southeast Indiana Conference, in which Columbus now is, held its iirst meeting at Rush\'ille in 1852. From 1S50, for two 3-ears, Calvin W. Ruter was Presiding Elder; he \vas succeeded by James Havens, who continued for four years, this being about the last of that veteran's work. John W. Miller Avas appointed to the new station in 1S50. When he came he found a congregation of 154 members holding its meetings in a church entirely too small for its needs. He was an energetic worker and at once urged the building of a new church, offering to personall}' aid in burning the necessary bricks. Elias H. Sabin, who was appointed on the following year, continued to agitate the subject of building, and succeeded in raising considerable mone}' for the purpose. Sampson Tincher, the next on the work, before the 3'ear was half gone, was forced Iw' ill health to abandon active effort, and gave way to James S. Barnes. Mr. Tincher was re-appointed in 1S53, and set to work with earnestness and determination to complete the new church, and in the spring of 1854, it was dedicated with appropriate and impressive ceremonies b}' Dr. W. M. Daile}'. This church cost about $6,000, was of brick, of neat design, and ample for the needs of the congregation. A debt of $2,200 was incurred in its construction, which remaining unpaid, became a great burden and source of annoyance. A suit at law was threatened by the creditors, but the efforts of Elijah Whitten, pastor in 1S55, a ver}^ zealous, fervent and industrious man, Simeon Perry, Joshua Reynolds, Jacob Jones, William I\IcE\\en, and others, saved the property and for more than thiii}- years it ser\ed as a place of

Religious History

^lie membership of .he church did not reach 200 tmtil 1870, and twice since that time it has fallen below that number. Since 1874 there has been a constant increase, more marked during the ministry of the present pastor than ever before. Mr. Tevis is a powerful and effective pulpit orator, being logical and convincing in argument, happy in the choice of illustrations, fervent and true in appeal, and possessing a vast fund of information on which he draws with the ease and skill characteristic of a trained intellect. His character is adorned with those manly attributes which everywhere attract genuine friends, and consequently his popularit}^ is not confined to the membership of the church in his charge. At the close of his last revival he had made 485 converts. At present the church membership numbers 725 - more than double the highest number at any time prior to the commencement of his ministry. In the erection of the present church he has exhibited superior tact, business sagacity and executive ability. Beautiful in design, com- inodious and substnnlial, il was erected at a cost (if $:5,ooo, and over it han_i;-s no cloud of debt. June 12, 18S7, with impressive ceremony, it was dedicated to tlie use of the Master of Ijishops, by Bisliop Thomas ]')Owman. The clunxh also has a comfortable parsonage valued at ij^.|.ooo.

5A Loun J\l. E. Church. - This, the oldest Methodist Episcopal church in the northeast part of the count}-, and parent to several other prosperous organizations, was organized in August, 1S29, at Abraham Zeigler's house, by Lewis and Elizabeth Romingcr, Elizabeth Williams, James Fortner, Fannie L. ITolston, Abraham Zeigler, Charles W. Rominger and Mrs. Eouderback.' Zeigler's house continued a preaching place until 1837, when a log cabin was raised and dedicated in October of that year by Williamson Terrell. In 1849, anew house was erected, and dedicated in April, iS5o,by E. R. Ames. During the dedicator}^ services the amount necessary to to pay for its construction, $1,250, was raised. The congregation, now numbering no, continues to use this building. Over one hundred children attend the Sabbath School; C. A. Reed, Superintendent.