Daviess County, Indiana - Chapter 10, 1915

The War With Mexico

The causes leading up to the Civil War need no ex]ilanation in these pages, as thousands of volumes iiave been written and ]iublislied on that subject. The bitterness of the pe<i])le of the Southern slates engcuderetl by the stand of the Xorth against the extension of the system of slavery into the territories and new stales was inten^itied when the great ch.ampion of eipial rights, Abr.-ibam Lincoln, became President of the Ihnted Stales on the 4th

Daviess Col'Xty, Ixdiaxa

The insult ..iftered tile lla^ at hurl SnnUer and the secession of several 111 the Sduiheni states fn.m the L'lnun eunld only he interpreted in one way. War had been deelared b\- (nie >eeliun ni the ennntry a,i^ain>t the other, and Abraham Lincoln, true to his determination to ])re>erve republican inslitnlioii^ at all h.i/ards, issued a call f<ir sexeuty-hve thousand xolniUeers to put (low n the rebellion.

1 hat the action of .S,,uth Larolina and other secedin;^- states is treason ai^'amst ilie ;;eneral L;o\erumeiit is true; and yet, stranj^^e as it may seem, we liiid men ill ihe ircv s|;ui-s wIk* try to justify this treason, as if there could he aii_\ jusiiiicaiion t,f a crime so lieiuou- and damnable, ffowever, we never Imd one who is not willing to a<lmit that secessionists ha\e acted hastih-, that ihey have been j,niill\ of treason; but for all this the\- ;ire disposed to sa\ : 'I.el the sececlers ;iloiiel If \oii disturb ihem, if you execute the laws, they will Itf^lit, and <lown ^oes the fabric uf die ,L,'overnnient.' ,\re thev not bent on <\i>'\nti violence to the laws of the ^ovirnment, settint,' the powers that be at iteliaiice. riKardless ,,f any consul pieiices ? Has one word been uttered by any one ol the seceding,' states that in c.ise of a satisfactorv compromise, .i^ivmi^ llieiii .di they have e\er asked, that ,i;oes lo prove thai thev wouhl accept tilt- CnniproMiise and conic back into the I'nion.- We can hardiv believe that tliey will ever williiitjiy come hack nnlil, by experience, thev have learned the s;icl lesson of .secession. .\^ U) war, (lod knows we hope we mav never see the ilay that tlit lirsl blow is struck; for then we may not oness at the end. We Iioi»c that tlie virtue of forbearance will be chinj^ to till the last ray of hope slirdl have \aiiislie«l, then, if it comes to the worst, let us pre|)are to meet the issue."

The editor of tlie Tflrf/rap/i was, like many of his compatriots, far-seein.!,', and his dire jiropbecies were fully realized. Others thought the rebel- lion coiikl lie tenuinatcd within a few weeks and lliis feelin,i^' seemed ti> liave prevaili^'d at Wasliinglon, as indicateil b)' the eall at the ['resident fur less than one hundred thousand men. lUit events proved that the |)essimist had the better of the aryunienl and in a \-ery short time calls for troops b}' the hundreds of reijiments became the order of the day, and every loyal state in the Union \ied with the others in an etfurl to recruit its ijuota and get to the front before its neighboring commonwealth. Jn this regartl, Indiana was supremely lo)-al and active. Tlie excitement caused by the fall of Fort Sumter createtl the utmost excitement tlironghcjut the land and in Washington, this county, men. w umen and children could think and talk of nothing but the outrage oltered the llag and the call to arms. All felt instinctively that the crisis had come; that an awful calamit)' had o\-ertaken the country.

C)n the nitli of .\pril, I'jlilor llorrall again g:i\'e way to his ])atriotism in the following pertinent p:tr;igra]ih : " hrieiulN, the national llag, the glorious stars and .^Iripes, w liich you ha\ e so long lii(ike(l npon with patriotic pri<le, has been dishonored! I he colors h:i\e been struck" to the traitors, and what will you? Will N-on who lo\e the honor of your countr\- st.uid idly by and see that emblem of our libertx' torn asnuder.' i\'e\erl .\e\'er!l .\'ever!!! ^\'e know that ]iatnotism is at no discount in Indiana, ;uid iKJUesth' belie\-e that one lituidred thousand can be raiseil in ten days \i> light for the llag, the Union, the ( 'onstiliui(jn and the en foi-cenient of (he laws. .\nd since il has come to the worst, since nothing will ap|iease the wrath of ihe traitors, we sa\-, in (iod's name, let irs, one and ;ill, light for oin- l!;ig, our coiiiiti-y and our (lo(b W'v are sadl\' mistaken If Indiana shall be last in rank; but we are not mist:il:en. The \\;ii' now commenced, e\er\ patriot will do his duty; and, if we b.a\e traitors in oiu" midst, we \ery much nn'stake the feeling of this >tale, if it will not Soon become so hot that it will noi hold llio^e who rejoice at the hoisting of the hateful traitor llag."

On Ihe 17th da\- of April. lAe days after the L'uion llag had been lowered at b'ort SunUer. a monster mass meeting was held at the c<iurt house, attended by the leadnig men of all ]»)litical parties. Noah S. (uveii was the chairman of this most notable gathering, and John \'an Trees, secretary. The Saxe l)and \v:is tliere and its rendering of patriotic airs added to the enthusiasm, if that were possible. The chaiinian, iji acce[iting the honor conferred, declared him.self in faxnr of [jutting down the rebellion no matter at what cost of life and treastire. His speech rang loud and true throughout the old court

"W hereas. With sorrow and deep regret, we lament the condition of our beliixed ctiuntry, and with feelings of pain we have learned that the flag of our countr\ has been lowered to a hostile foe; therefore be it i

"Resiilved, That with vuv uinmst energy and power we will sustain the rnion. tlie Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and that we wdl pnjtect, with our li\es, our fortunes and our sacred lionors, the Hag of our country from insult, wlielber from foreign oY domestic foe."

Idiairman (liven was not the only one to declaim in patriotic tone on this occasion. Several short speeches, abounding in expression of love and lo\alt\- and replete with maledictions on all traitors, were received with heartv approval and ;icclaim. 'l"o e\er_\one who wouM speak, the au'lience g;i\e wdlin;,; ear. The people could not gel enough of it, so lh;it the meeting adi<iurnt<l, with ibe uiulerslauduig that it ^bduld be recomened on the following e\eniug at the same |jlace. AH who cK-sired could not secure admitt.ance at this second assemblage, v.hich was presi.led over by j. W. TSnrton, with .S. llorrall as secretary. Judge iSmlou, i.airioi and elo.|Ueiit orator, delnered "a brilli.ant, stirring. lier\- speech, incisive with ])atriotism and logic, ;md lull of searching blows of keen invective." :\latthew 1.. Rrett, S. V. llorrall and others also shune in this gathering as loyal citizens ami as elo(pient nujiulipieces for their couiilr\, and it should be related, that men and women came from all parts of the country to alteinl these meetings, showing b\ \(iiie and action tbev were with the government heart and soul. Through- (iUl the counirw b\ d,i\ and m;.;bl. union ineelings were held at school house or church, and in the countv seal and villages men and women l)locked the streets, all eager to learn the trend of exents and express their views upon what already had taken place.

The people of this community did not expend all their energies in streetcorner harangues and mass-meetings. They were t<io full <if eagerness to meet in-ult and wrong in a substantial way for that. So it came about that on the iSth of .\pril, iS(>i, through the activity of partisans, over one hun-

The premier militaiV conipam ol I )a\'iess count)', oi\i;anized lor the C'nil War, prepared to start for 1 ndi.iuapoiis on .Saturda_\', the JOth of April, and just hefore it entrained a silk Ikaj^, hastily made h\- the ladies, was presented to the "ho\'s," a short address in this helialf heinj.; made h\' Mrs. 1'. ("ruse. The hanner was received h\- L'aptaiii (.'hilds and accepted lor the company h_\' Citizen Cook, who eliupiently pledged the li\es of the recipients to the maintenance of its honor and safe keeping'; and the reader may rest in the assurance that all of the people id" W'ashi 11,1; ton and a lart;e ]Kirt of the county were at the <lepot of the ( )liio cN,- Mississippi railroad to see the soldiers oti' to ;i war, from which, ina_\diap. they ne\ei- were to return. l'"inally, the "hoys" were on ho.ard the cars and as liie trrun pulled out the scene was one never to he for,t;citten. Many of those left heliind were in tears, others were shontiiiij' their throats into fra.^'inents hiddiny; the companx- L^o(pdhye and (iodspeed, while the h;md kept in unison with the occasion, as it rendered patriotic selections.

L'])on reacliinii' camp at the state capital. Captain Clnlds' command was assi.i^ned to the .Sixth Uei^iment and hecanie I'ompauy C; it was mustered into the United .States service for the period of three months, .\|)ril _'4, jN<)|, si.x days after it was orj^ianized. Upon the expiratifni of its term of service Company C returned home and the re,i;iment went into the three-years service. In Se])temlier and f)ctoher. iHoi, a company was ort^anized at W'ashinoton which hecame Company F., Sixth K^'Ljimeut Indiana \'<ilnnteer Infantry, and diirini^- its term of service had the followin.sj officers: Captains, Charles R. \'an Trees and Oscar !-'. Rodarmel ; first lieutenants, 1 ienry C. Hall, Sr.,

Daviess Coijxty, In'Diaxa

anil licfore Atlanta, fnnn the latler place retnrning to Chattanooga, in Angii^t, w luTc the non-\-eterans were mustered uut. Those remaining were transferred U> the Sixty-eighth Ueginient, and when this organizatiun was mustered out, nineteen men still remaininj,' of the old Sixth were transferred to the h'orty-fourth Regiment, which was mustered out of the service on Septemljer i.\, 18^15. \

Company C, during its three months' service in the war was free from casualties of any serious importance, witli the exception ol the death of private j(ise[ih (i. Scott, who died while on his way home. Company E, of tile Sixth, enlisted tor three years, was not so fortunate, as it lost se\'eral men, lioth hy ilisease and death in liattle. Wayne Alford died of disease at Corinth, in June, iSdj; Isaac Alex.ander, disease, at Knoxville, in A])ril, 1864; Aliram W. C arn.-di.in died in Ander-.on\ ille i)rison, in August, 1N04: I'.enton AlcLal'ferty was wnunded at Mission Kidge; C;if;iyetle .Mfurd died ;it liMuie, of disease, ni .May, 1 Si u ; John .\/hcll died at Chattanoi.)ga of wi'unds, in Xincmlier, 1804; losiahM'arlcy wa^ killed at Alis.^ion Uid-e in .\o\eniher, 1N03; |(l^iah Crahani was killed .it ( 'hickamauga. in Septemher, 1863; Xapoleon lluh.ard was killed at Mission Ridge; John Hill died of disease at W'oodsouv ille, Kentucky, in lA'hru.iry, i8(jj; John Killiiin died of disease at \\'oodsonville ; James Lamhert died nf disease at luka, in June, 1862; Joshua McLuin died nl disease at Xaslnille, in January, 1803; (_'harles I'almer was killed at ( 'hick:un;iu,L;a, in .Septemher, 180:;; \\ilh;un II. Wilson died of di-e;i-e at Louis\ ille. in .\pril, i8(i_:;; .Xamn Hunter, ;i recruit, was killed at .Shiloh, April 7, 1 8( i_' : Ivihert Warner, recruit, died of di-ease at Louis\'ille, in 181. _'; l.ieul. .Manful Siilmnoii died nl exposure ;U his hnme in Washington. Indiana, in May. )80_'.

A \er\ large niai.irit\' of the I )enii icratic party in the .Vnrth was opposed to secessmn and ga\e its support lo the Cninu cause, hut there were some men within that ]);irt\''s ranks who were traitors, .\mong these were statesmen, ahle law vers, capitalists and a conlingciit made up oi the riff-raff of society. Some of the spokesmen fur the Ci jii federacy, hy reason of \ ioleiice of s])eech or reprehensihle acts, were caught red-handed and depnrled into the rebel lines, where the\- helongcd. 'Ihe less import.-int, llnMigh more hrazen and hlatant ones, kept u]) a continual yelping at home, until the ])atience of their neighhors reached a limit and the "copperheads" were sipielched. There was a sprinkling of tliis class of citizens in D.axiess county, who early hegan to show their colurs, as the fdllowiiiL; article, taken from the Tclci)raj'li's issue of April 19, JiSOi, shows; "\Ve have a few secessionists, it appears, in our town, who seem to '^\'->r\ that the llag of our country has been torn from Fort Sumter, ruul tiie l-'ederal troops heen ohlii^eil to surrender. In tiie cia^'S of Christ, lliere was one whose lieart was so (hunnahl)' corrupt that, for thirt)' pieces of sih'er, he hetraved liis Ahister. In the l\e\<ihition there >\'ere those wlio fi;iUL;ht uiiilcr the enemy V llaL; ; therefure, it is not as'touisiiing to us tiiat we find some who are wiUin.L; to join an army oi traitors. If the)- prefer to do so let them 1^0; ( Kjd knows we are heller off without than with them." A Hag pole, one hundred feet in height, with Old (Ilory lloatiny fnjm its topmost point, was earl)- erected in WaslunLjlou. The lias;, so proudl)' waving in the breeze, calleil forth senlinu-nls of lo)ah\' and lo\e for the L'nion from the manv and irritated a lew dislo\al (jnes lo utterances that (jfteu ])laced their li\es in danger. To the west, a sh(.irt distance from the C(iUuly seat, was Mavs\ille, to which place a man named Rice journe\eil from Washington ami cut ihe llag rope. While in the act ol ilt-'-ecrating the llag he was arrested and lined \iv luslice (loud, [lis arrest was lorluuate, lor h.ad it ucit occurreil the infuriated cili/eirs <i| .\la)s\ille, most ]iroljal/l\, would lia\e made shoi-i work of hiur

The government ;md its advisers were not long in reaching the conclusion that the acts of the Southern rebels meant more thrm a three-months' application of the rod lo the recalcitrants, and in July, jSOj, the call for hve liundred thousand men to put down the rebellion weni forth o\'er the land and met with instant response. Nelson Al. I'.oltou at once led the mo\'ement for recruiting a company of volunteers at Washington and before the end of liiK, had named snliicieut men. who enlisted, to form ( 'onip.m\- 1>, TweiU)- fomth Reginieui. Indiana \'olunieer Infantry. The oi'licers of this organization, during the war were: iVelsou iM . Ilolton and Samuel U. , captains; Jacoli e'overt, S. .M. Smith. Henry 11. Hyatt, first lieulenants; S. .M. Smith and llenrv II. 1 1) alt, second hentenauts. (.'ompaii\- K. of the same regiment, had for its ca]>lain, Tlioiuas Johnson, of Washington, and T. M. Gibson, second lieutcuanl. When the reginieui was re-organized, Samuel M. Smith became captain of ('onip.aii)' C, and .\nthon)- Johnson, secoiul lientenant, with llenry 11. Il);ilt, adjulant of the reginieui: W . S. Waller, second lieutenant of Company E.

Willi Alvin r. Jl.iNcv a-, colonel, ihe Sixth kcLjimem was niustcred into United States service at \'incciine>, July j, 1801. it moved to St. Louis on the Kjth of .\iii;iist and thence into the interior of .\ii^is<jui"i ; there remaining nntil l''el>rnary, iSOj. when it was senl to assist in the rednction ot l'"ort Donelson, hut arrived there too late.

Tlie regiment was hotl\' engaged at .Shilnh, losing, among nian\' others, .Major (ierher. It was at the siege o| and then went to Memphis. I he month ol July iMnnd the Sixth at llelen;i, Arkansas, where it wintered, in the meaminie engaging in several ex]ieditions. In the spring of 18(3^ the regiment was in li<j\e\'s divisiim, m the \'ickshurg campaign, lighting at i'ort (iilison, L'hampii.n's llill and elsewhere, distmguishing itself at C'ham- ]iion's llill hv a terrific charge un the eiiemv. After the fall ui X'ickshurg, the Tw cut v-lonrth went to Xew ( hdeans, and, during the fall of 1863, was at Xew Iheria and Algiers, cl'isc h\. It was veteranized in Jannarv, 1864, and was given a fnrlMugh home. In Heci'mher it was consolidated with the .Sixty-se\eiitli Regiment under its old name and. m Jannarv, i8(')3, moved to I'dorida, in .\]iril parlicipating in the investment of .Mohile. ft then nioveil to Selma, .\lahama, and s, ,011 thereafter transferred to Galveston, Texas. The regiment again was transferred, in Julv, i8()3, Ijy being organized as a hattalioii with live companies. Ihe other companies were mustered oiU', their terms having ex])ired. The casualties nf the regiment were: ( aptain .S. M. .Snnth, wounded at .Shiloh and Champion';, llill; fames P. (ruse, ilied of disease alter reaching home, January, )86j; iNJilton Jackson, died oi disease at St. I. (mis; .Ashurv D. .\lexander, died of disease at St. Louis, in January, 1865; John Balthus, died of disease in 1861; William liradhury, die<l of disease in iH(>2. at Jefferson City, Missouri; William I'licwn, died at St. i.onis, in \o\einher, I Sfu ; William I'.ilwards. died of disease in i8(i_' at llelena, .\rkans;is: Jackson I'.dwards, killed at Magnolia Hills; William (irahain, killed in .May, i^C\l. at Champion's Idill; Thomas llanlin. died of disease at home in 1 8f i_> ; I'eter Hawkins, died of disease at home in i8(')j; Ceorge Hawkins, died ni disease at Tipton, Missouri, in 1862; George Messcr dieil of disease at Tipton, Missouri, in December, 1861; John Montgomery, died at X'icksburg, in July ^^C\y. Harvey Peck, accidentally killed at Milliken's P.eiid, Louisiana, in .\iiril, 1863; TTenry Ixhofles, (lied at Helena, .Arkansas, in Se])tember, iSAj; h'ranci.s A. She])ard, died of wounds, in .Mav, 1863; James Tisdal, clied of disease at St. Louis,

The d'weiit\--sL\enth Regiment was inusten-d into the serxdce of "Uncle Sam" at lndi;iiia])olis. ."^eptemher i j, i N(] i , and then entrained tor Washington Gitv, at whicdi point it was transferred to lianks' ariii\- ol the Shenandoah, ])assing the winter near krederick f'ily, Marylaml. In .March the regiment took position across the- I 'otoinac : jinrsued Jackson's armv, after the Ijattle of Winchester Heights, and on May u. fought at front Uoyal. On the 25th of .May it fought gallantly at Wniclicsler, its hrigade (Gordon's) withstanding the assaults of tw enty-eighl ( onfederale regiment-^ for three and onehalf hours, repulsing tliein. Ihit the odds were too great, so that the federal forces were compelled to fall hack into the town, where, in the street--, the light w;is hoilv coiiiiniied. file iclical w ;is coulinued and the regiment reci'ossed the I'otouiac on Ma\' _''i. 'Ihe regiment fon,L;ht al Gedar Mountain, in August, ami at .\ntietam lost lie;i\'il\' on .Seplemher 17. Ihitil the following year the I'wcntv-seventh diil guard duty, after which it ]iartici])ated in the li.-ittle of Chancellorsville, fighting hra\ely, hut losing heavily. Moving north in pursuit of T.ee"s army, it gave a splendid account of itself in resisting the he:idlong charges of the enem\' and was the loser of many men. In Septemher the regiment was transferred to the west, \ ith the rwelflh Corps, ;iiid, dnring the f.all ami winler of iSt'):;-,), was assigned to the Twentieth Gor])s, and was stationed ;it Tullahoma. Returning from a furlough, after part of the regiment IkkI veter:inized, the regiment fought at Kesaca

I5S Daviess County, Indiana

The regiment arri\ed in W.ishington City, took ])art in the Graml Pe- \iew, then went to Ponisville, K\-ntuckv. where it w.as mnstereil out on Jnlv _' 1 , j.S()3. 'idle regiiuent, during its term (d ser\ ice, lost in killed, wounded alile. A full rijslLT of all the men wlm st-rved in tliL- Civil W'ar from this cniiity alsM has heeii piihhshed, irnni iIk- ad jutaiU-.m.-iK'rars olVici- ; hut to gi\-e the l(jn.L; li^t ul names would take too much space, llowexer, one gathers a liehnite t;-eiiei"al kiiowldge of the enmity's valiant ,>er\-ice in the great coullict in what has herein heen written and hefore this chapter is Ijroiight tfj a close e\'ents and personages deserving special mention, and n(jt heretofore touched upi>u, will ha\e received their ju^t dues. Tn continue, LI. F, Burlingame, of Daviess cnunty, w'hn went (Uil in Septemher, iH()[. as second lictiteiiant of Company A, Seventh Regiment, rose to the rank" of (juartermaster, and Richard J. (iraham hecame regimental adjutant of the Thirteenth, and was jiroiiioted to captain, major and lieutenant-colonel <_iu the reorganization of that regiment. In .Septemher, iS(u, .Samuel W. I'eck" hecame surgeon, with rank of major, of the I'.ighteenth, and .S. .\. Wadswortli arose from the rank of second lieutenant to that of captain id' Conipan\- \'., lughteeiith Regiment. John .\. Cassidw captain of Conipan\- D, Twenty-sexenth Regiment, was killed at ( 'h.-mcellor^x ille in May, iS/13. Jame- Xeal, active in the enlistment of men m the sunimei' ipf 1 S( u , was couimis^ioueil adjutant of the Frst Cavalry, Twenty-eighth l\egimeiit.

f(ir Conipau)' li, same regiment, by David J. Temple and iv. W. .Meredith, all of whom were mustered into the service on l*"el)ruary i, 18O2. David J. Temple began his service as second lieutenant and later, being promoted to a captaincN', \vas transferred to CDnijiau)' 1. R. \\'. Meredith was tn'st lieutenant nf his conipan)', lait resigned before the expiration of 1862. William A. I'xjdkin was lir^t lieutenant of Company A and later attained the rank of ca|)tain.

The l'"ifty-second Regiment was ])artly formed at Rusluille and was consolidated with the l-"ifty-sixth at Indianapulis. It broke cani|) on h'ebruary 7, i8(>_', and moved to h'ort Henry and thence to iMirt Donelson, where it ])arlicii)ated in the memorable siege (if that fort; later performing duty at h'ort llenr_\- and i"'nrt lleinman until April 18, when it moved to I'itls- Inirg Landing and took part in the siege of Corinth. The regiment was at Aleniphis, h'ort I'illow, (Ailumbus, and oilier points of engagement, and fought I'^aulkner's guerrillas near Durhanis\'ille on Septemljer 17. I'ollowing this it did garrison dul\- at and near k'uri I'illow until January. i8(')4, skirmishing and engaging in numcrims expeiliti(jns ; then UKjvetl with Sherman against Meridian in January, 1864, fought at Jackson, and veteranized at Canton, Mississippi, on h'ebruary 27, after which it took a \eteran furlough. The regiment returned to Culumbus, Kentucky, and in May returned to Vicksburg, from which pnint it pursued and fought Cieneral Forrest's forces at Tu|)elo, Mississippi. The regiment was engaged at Hurricane Creek on .August 13 and at b'ranklin, Missouri, on October i, in which latter engagement it dnive I 'rice ovit of the state. The l-'ifty-second then moved to .N'ashville, where it fnughl on December 15-16, and joined in pursuit of Hood. It then moved to Fastport, thence to .\ew (Orleans, Dauphin Island and to .Spanish h'ort, helping reduce the latter; fought at Rlakely on .\])ril (), 18(15, ^''^' ''''^' "*^ Dee's surrender, and then moved to Montgomery, Alabama. ])erforiniug garrison dut\' there and in other part> uf the state, until mustered out. September 10, 1865. The casualties of the regiment follow: Reuben Johnson, died at X'icksburg in March, 1864; Philip Derniosiy, veteran, died in September, 1864; Miciiael Gatlet, died in .May, 1862; Charles H. Flanders, veteran, died in March, 1864. all of Company .A; Preston T. Linville, died at Corinth in .May, 1862; Thomas C. Duffy, veteran, died at Memphis in October, 1864; William Moley, ilied at h'ort Pillow in -May,. 1863; Robert Ormsby, died at Memphis in ,\ugust, i86j.

Daviess Col'Nty, Indiana

Ill the fall of 1861, tlirniij^Ii the efforts of Green McDonald, James A. Dale and J. S. Canlield, ahout fifty men were raised in liU the ranks of Company 11 and other ciim|ianies of the l''ifty-eit;litli Ret^imeiit. Indiana X'olnnteer Infantry. The nftuers of C'om]>any 11. dnrnii^- the war. were James A. Uale and ( Ireen .McDonald, ca])tains; (',. .McDonald, John S. Caii- Ik'ld and Z.acliariah Jones, hrst lienteiiants; J. .S. ( 'anlield, Z. lones and I'eter lloney, second lientenants. The rei^iment was organized at IVincelon in October, iN()i, ( 'oL 1 lenr\' .M . Carr, comm.andint; officer. In December the re,L;iment went to l-ouis\ille, joined lUiell's army and spent the winter in Kentncky. On the lir>t of .March. i.S()j. it reached Nashville. .\fter remainini;- at K.a^hville for about a month the re.^iment moved with Buell's army in a hnrried march to join Grant's arm\- at I'ittshurg Landing, arriving there at the close of the >econd day n\ the battle of .Shihih. Following the army in its movement on Oorinth. the regiment participated in tlie siege resulting in the evacuation of that place, and then moved with lluell's command through northern Al;i1}ama, re])airing and guarding the radroail, through Tu^cnmhia and llunts\ille, and thence to Decherd, Tennessee. The regiment had se\-eral minor engagements with the enemy in the \'icinity "f Alc.Minnville during the summer of iSoj. .\bouI the lirst of September of that year the regiment partici])ateil in the retrograde mcjvement of Buell's concentrated army after liragg, moving througii Nashville and Bowling Green, finally reaching Louis\ille. about the lirst of October, .\fter a rest of two days the regiment mo\ed with the arniv to ]^>ardstown. driving Bragg from that ])lace and following his retreat to l'err\\-ille, where a se\'ere liattle was fought, hollowing I'.r.agg's retreating forces for some d.ays after that engagement the hiftN-eighth then tiu'iied again in the direction of Nashville, arrix'ing there in the l.illcr pari ot .\o\ember. 'fhe regiment tlien moxed with Uosecrans's arm\-, in the .Mnrfreesboro campaign, and in December charged the enemy at I.a\ergne, driving him from that ])lace and on to Mnrfreesboro; was engaged in the ]);ittle of .Stone's Ri\'er. December \i and on the 1st and _'(1 of Januar)- following, losing in that engagement one hundred and ten in killed, woumled and missing, out of about four hundred engaged, 'fhe l"ift\'-eighth Regiment remained in the \icinitv of .Mnrfreesboro until June 24, 1863, and then moved with the army toward Chattanooga; participated in the bloody liattle of Chickamauga, losing one hundred and seventy in killed wonnded and missing; also participated in the charge aiul severe battle of Mission ]\i(lye, Nu\enil)er 25, and then moved with the army sent to the rehef of Knowille, spen(Hng the winter in the vicinity of Knoxville. wiiere it snfTered .ijreatly for want of [)rovisi<jns and elulhing'.

It was under these eoncHtitms tliat the h'ifty-eiglith Retjiment re-enlisted as veterans, January 24, 1864, and was returned to Indiana on veteran furlough, arriving at Indianapolis, March 4. At the expiration of their furlough the veterans returned to the Held, in A]iril, and the regiment was then .put in charge ui the piint(i(in train oi Sherman's arm\% ])re|iaring to advance on Atlanta. In this ser\ice the regiment hridged all the :treams from Chattanf)uga to .\tlanla, often under a galling lire from the enemy in ])osition to dispute the crossing.

In (Jctciher, one hundred and se\-enty men of thi: Tenth Regiment were consolidated with the i'"i flv-cii;htli Uegimcnt. After the fall of .Atlanta, the 1' iltv-eighth m(j\ed with the arni\' ol 'ienrgia, under ( leneral Slocum, and hridged the streams troni .\tl;mta to Sa\'annah. I'he non-\'etcrans were mustereil out in Deccmher. In ihe I'arolina campaign ihe hi fly-ei,glith hridged the streams fur the .armv of (leorgia. In this campaign alone it made o\-er sixteen thousand feet i:)f hriilges. Later, on the way to Washington, 1). C, it hridged all (he streams with tht- e.\ce])tion of the James. On July 25, iS(')3, the (jrg.anization was mustered out at 1 .ouis\'ille, Kentucky. It lost during its term of service, in hattle and disease, two hundred and sixt^'-live men.

'I'liis organization, formed at I'rincelon, was mustered in at Rvansville, with |ohn W. hoster as colonel, and was then sent to llenderson, Kentucke, to protect the jjlace from guerrillas, being mo\-ed to Asfiury in August. .After an all-night march it attacked .\dam Johnson's regiment and took' |iossession of Aladisoiuille. 1 laving been mounted in .\])ril, the regiment did dnls' on the Xasluille railroad and elsewhere until .\ugust, 186:;; was mo\-e(l to eastern Tennessee in September and, on ,a raiding e.xpedilion up the xallew capluied trains, locoiiKitives and other ])|-operty. It engaged the enemy near /ollicoffer and on the JJ'] of .Seiitember lost fifteen men at liloiintsville. On ( )ctober 11 it fought ;it Rhcatown; on the I4tl) again at Bloiintsville, ami ihe next day at ljrist<il. TIk- rei^inient fought at Walker's l'"iinl all clay on Noveniher 17, losing twelve men. Company K performed exeellenl serviee at Alnlberry Ciap. On Deeemher 14 the regiment lost seventeen men in a skirmish at llean's Station and the next dav lost fourteen men at I'owder Springs ( iaj), later in the da\' the list of casualties heing increased hy the loss of three men at Skagg's Mills. The regiment skirinisliL'd at 1 )andridge on jaiiuary 17, 11X64. Ueing dismounted in .April, the .Sixiy-liiili juiiR-d Sherman in the Atlanta campaign and was in all engagements of that march, losing an aggregate of twenty-nine men. It pursued Mood, lighting at Culumhia, Franklin and N'ash\i*^; was transferred to the Atlantic coast in k'ehruary, 1865; sustaitied'a heavy attack at l'"ort Anderson, skirmished at Town treek, and on June 22, 1S65, was mustered out at (dreeiishoro. During it^ term (if serxice the regiment lost twent\- six killed, eighty-six wounded and sixt\-one capturetl.

The draft was ])nt into operation in Indiana in Oc!ot')er, i86_'; hut Daxiess counl\- entirel\- escaped any in<lit;in'ty of thai kind, as she had the lu'^h in;irk ot distinction of ii;i\in.L; furnished her full i]Uota, heing' one of onl\- lilleen counties in the stale to he S(i "forehruided."

The call for six-nionlhs men had heeu issued in June, 1863, fo AN'hich a full compan\ responded in the couutw Ihis conipan\' was assigned to the ( )ne Hundred ;uiil .Se\ enleentli Regiment, Iniliana \'olunteer lnfautr\', as (dnipan\- K, and \v;is (il'licered, during the war, as follow : James R. liryant and John 1!. Wirts, captains; John Li. Wirts and John S. ('aniield, lirst lieutenants; John S. Canlield and James .\. ('arn.ahan, second lientenauts. With a lieantiful llag, the gift c)f Washington lailies, the com])any left the county seat for lndiana]iohs on .\ugnst 1 r, iH()i,, where the regiment was organized. This regiment lelt l/jr Kentnckv on ihe 17th ot Septeniher and later moved to Xieholasx'ille, C'umlierland (lap, and thence into eastern Tennessee, reni.aining near dreenville until iXovemher; then moved to Tican's Station and later to (/linch .Mountain ( iap. 1 lere it was nearlx' ca])tin-ed hy the enemy. The regiment ihen mo\ed to C'umherland (iap, thence to Tazewell and on to Kuoxville; in Deceinher, 18(13, to .Strawheri'y Plains, thence to .\l;i\ nard>\ ille ; iheii hack to (. 'umlierland (iaj), from which place it returned liome, the term of enlistment having exjiired.

r.y the lOth of Septemher, 1862, the county was credited with furnishing niie thoiis,ind Iwo hundred ;md ihirlx ->e\'en \-olniilecis. I'lider the call of June, l8():;, a full company id' one hundred men was sU]iiilied: ihe i|Ur>ta of the Ocloher call, numhering one hundred ami forty-lhi-ee, was furnished. Under the calls (d' ITTruary, March ami July, i8('i4, ihe comity was credited with se\en hundred and thirly-live men and under the last call, Decemher 19, 1864, the oflieial credit for the coimly was one hundred and six men; hut at this time the county was short of men. In addition, there were three companies of minule-men in the stale service, one hundred ,and ei,L;hty men, heside eleven companies mustered into the "Region," wuh ahont fifty men in each conipanv, or a total of five hundred and fifty in the "Regions." The grand total of men enlisting for the < 'ivil War from Daviess county, as

Wdien the Children of Jsrael, after their forty years of wilderness wanilerini^-, had linally reached the Jordan ami were ahout to enter the i'roniised Land, a chosen man from each tribe was directed to take, up a stone from the bed ol the ruer that was niad.e dry for llieij" passage. These stones were carried to the place of their lirst eucamj)ment, ynd there piled into a heap, to remain as a memorial. ".\nd Joshua spake u'n'to the.. Children of Jsrael, sa)ing: When your children slufll a.sk their falhers'in days tu come. What mean these stones; then ye shall say, Israel -canie os'cr this Jordan on dry kmd. That all the people of the earth may know, the hand ui the l.ord it is might}-; and that ye ma)- fear the Lord forever."

.Moiunnents and memorials characierize c\er\- ;/^ge and every peojjle in sacred and profane hl^tor_v. brom the time of the proud and rebellious .\bsalom, who nought to perpetuate bis memory b_\- the erection of a monument in bis name in the king'^ dale, down to the latest time; wherever heaves the lurf or ri>e> the lettered stone, in ever)- rece|itacle of the dead in all ages; b)- the towernig jnonnments of gianite, by the might) [))ramids of the ilesert, in all the \va)-s known to art and science since the beginning of time, we hear man's \(.)ice protesting against death and cr)-ing for imniortalitv.

'Lhere are some e\'ents in the bistor)- of mdixiduals, and of nations and comniunilies. that m;i) well be and should be perpetuated b)- the erection of niunumeut^. To tins end the stones were gathered from the bed of the ri\'er Jordan, that historical inipnr)- might be e.xciled anning the children of generations to come. 'J'o this end monuments and memorials have been established in towns and cities all over our laud, as a testimony of the heroism and sacrifice of those who ofTered their lives to save the l1ag from dishoiK)r, and to preserve a nation threatened with destruction. T'l this end the citizens ui j^axiess count)- ha\-e contributed of their means for the erection of a monument to preser\-e and |ieri)etnate the mcuior)- and achievements of those from ibis c<iunty who responded to their country's call; who, in the days of the Ci\-il War, ga\e the supreme test of patriotism. Daviess county has hiiiiored herself in dedicating this hioiuimeut in honor id her sous who lia\-e fuiight her country's luittk-s. [ts \';ilui- is imt tu Ijl- reckuncil 1)\' the cnst of material and LXiustruction, hut ratlier for the purpose it will serve the generations to come who shall make in(|uir\^as to its meaning. .As in the ease of tlie rude [)ile of stones hy the ri\'<^r Jordan, it will <er\e as an answer to the in(iuiry of children id" future generations, when they shall ask, "What mean these stones?"

The initiatory ste[is li^r the erection oi a soldiers' nKiUunienl were taken hy the local (irund Army post in the early ])art of toil- In order to secure an appropriation'- froiii the coimt\' for tJiat purpose it was necessar)' to have a petition signed b) a majority of the legal \oters of the counlw in accordance with the provision?;; of an act of the Legislature. This petition, duly signed anil \'erified,' heing presented to the connt\' commissioners, that hody could ask the county council for an a|)propriation for the specified amount for the specified pur[iose. A coinmillee was appointed l.iy U. S. firant i'ost No. "J, (irand Army of the Kepufilic, to make a canxa^s of ihe countv to secure the rei|uireil numlier of signer^ to the jielition. d'his committee was compo.sed of the following persons: 1'. il. Ragsdale, I'hilip Hart, W. S. Waller, James W'yk. .ff, John Al. Jackman, John Kussell, Ceorge W. Fyffe, Aimer ('olhert, H. J. Murphy and Heniamin Im'Isou. I'.y the latter part of ( ictolier, 11)11, a siil'licieiit numlier of signatures lo this pelilion had heen olitained and, on Xo\'eml)er 7, M;M. tlie petition was presented to the hoard (if count}- commissioners, ddie following from the official proceedings of the Commissioners show the further progress of the work;

It seems the count\- council was not inclined to grant the full amount of the a])propriation reijuested. d hat liod\- made an a]ipropriation of lliirt\' thousand dollars, as is indicated hv the next ;ictioii id" the commissioners, at their January meetiiii;', Tcjij. Al tliat meeting they ga\'e notice that tliey would rceeixe designs and plans for a solchers' monument, witli samples of granite h' he used, inehiding waliss and approaches, tlie cost not to exceed thirty thousand dollars. Ilids to he suhmitted March 6, 1912.

( )n March o, }')\2. in conneclion with tlie (jrand Army committee, the commissiMiiers exann'neil designs and jilans suhmitted and after due consideraliou acce])led the plans suhmitted Ijy the Washington Monumental Works, and the auditor was directed to advertise for liids for the erection of a niiiuument accurding tf) these plans.

At their meeting ou Ma)' c), nji-. the eonimissioner.s ordered the issuance of liouds {>> secm-e funds for die erection of the mouLynent, said honds to he in ihe amount of eighteen tlious.ind dollars, andtobeJir four per cent, interest: honds to he in series of one ihcjusand dollars each, payable on the I5tli of Ma\ and the ]5lh of .\'ovemher, each year'.""' . J/" *

On October 7, nji-', the- work of construction of the base of the monument, done hv .\'oah I'.ogard, sub-contractor, was accepted and \\'e\' & llackus, contractors, were directed to settle for the s;une.

(hi |anuar\- 6, 1013, at the ioiut meeting of the c luimissioiiers and the (irand \rm\ CMiumitlce, Wey iV l'.,ickus suhmitted ph( jtogra])lis of statuary for the monument, and the same were aiiproved.

( )n lulv 2, 11)1.^, the auditor presented to the commissioners the written acce])tance oi work done by George Correll, superintendent of construction. The Grand Arniv committee also hied a statement of its entire satisfaction with the work' <lone an<l the material used.

The iiKitcrial used in the construction of this monument is Rarre granite, of line t^raiii and whitish gr;iy color. -The design (jf the monument is a.

massive, ratliL-r than a statcl)- structure. 'I'liu Ijasc is aNnut ihirtv lect, aud the dies of the shalt are iuassi\'e lilocks id' yranite al.iDUt .six feet scjuare. On the top of the shaft is the figure of a soldier, representing a color-lsearer, holding- a llag. On the pedestal on the east side of the shaft i:, the ligure of a soldier representing an infantry sentinel with martial eipnpment. On the west side is the hgure of an arlilleryinan. All this statuarv is carved from Barre granite and is a most artistic production of the sculptor's skill. I'roin the hase to the top of the figure stn-nKiunling the shaft the height is about forty feet. 'Jdie monument stands in front of the south entrance to the court-house lawn, facing Walnut street, ddie apjiroach to the monument is by wide stone steps from the street sidewalk. ,\rouiid the liase of the monument is a wjde space paved with coucrcte, and on either side is a settee made of granite. On the face of the lower die fronliiig the street is this inscription ; v

On the face (d' a granite block standing at the edge cd' ihe pas'ement, on each side of the approach to the monument, is a bronze tablet on which is inscribed the names cit thr)se who had official direction of the construction. On one of these tabids are the following names id" the monument committee:

On the other tablet are the names of the board of commissioners and oi the county council, who were oflicialK' connected with the monument construction, as follow :

Tlie ik-ilicatiiui of the inuiuiinem took place on Wcdncsda)', October 8, 1913, an occasion long t(j lie rcineinhercil by all who ijarticijjated in the event. 'J'o the \eteians of the li\il War, especially, it was a nienioraljle dav, not only because it marked the consummation of a long-desired \vi.sh, in the completion i,f a soldiers' monument, l.uU also, by some wlm participated in the dedication ceremonies it was recalled that this tlate was the anniversary of the battle of rerr\-ville, one of the bldcidic-st battles of the CiNil War. Daviess county Soldiers bore a conspicuous part in that battle, and many fond hearts of friends at Ikjihc were broken with grief because of sons, brothers and husliands who fell in that battle, i*

"The beautiful soldiers' and sailors' moinimeni on the srmth lawn of the court house, l)a\iess countx's tribute to the lo\e and memory of her re[iresentatixes, both li\'ing and dead, in past wars, was dedicated totlay with im- ])osing ceremonies. It was the biggest dav in vears for the old soldiers. They were here from all parts of Daviess county and many attended from adjoining counties.

"The (irand .\rm\' |)ost room, in the basement of the court house, and the lawn in front, was the scene of the greatest activit\', from early in the morning. The veterans gathered in groups, chatting o\'er present and past times, and the feeling in their heiu'ts seemed to be one of thankfulness that they had been alkjwed to li\e and enjoy the pleasures of this day. .-\round tliese groups of veterans were large crowds of spectators, runong whom were inany chililren who for the fii'st time, and probablv the last time, had the opportunity of hearing the st<iry of the war as told by these \-eterans, and to hear the music of the fife and drum a-- plaved b\- those who>e hearts were stirred by the thrilling music.

"The stores along Main street were liandsomely decorated, as were many private houses. The big parade was the feature of the morning exercises. Undouhtedly it was the greatest patriotic pageant ever seen in the city. About two thousand children took jjJirt in the parade and made one of the prettiest .sights in the entire parade, with their flags waving and the sounds of happycheers.

"The parade was headed l)y the city officials, followed by the fire department with decorated wagons, p'ollowing them came the county offici.als and

"The para<le dishanded at the court house, at the hase of the new monument, which the school children and lodges saluted with three cheers, .\fter the crowd had assemhied, the school cliiKlren sang "The ISattle L'ry of J'Veedom.' Ue\ . |. W. Darlw, pastor of the L'hristian church, gave the iii\'ocatioii, followed li\ music hy Kiefer's hand. The presentation of the momimeiit to the (irand .\rmy ])ost was then made Ky Mayor John \V. .Mcl'arty in a \ery ai)])ropriate speech. The veterans accepteil the monument ami then ])roceeded with its dedication, according to the prescrihed rilna! of the order, which was verv heautiful and impressive. ]''ollowing the dedication, the school children sang 'The Star Spangled iianner,' and then the Ladies of the Circle gave their Hag drill, a very pretty and ]iatriotic exercise. The morning exercises closed with the singing of '.\merica' hy the audience.

"The exercises of the ;ifteriio(]n were held in the hirst ("hristian church, which was well filled with those eager to hear the addresses of Hon. I£zra .Mattmglv and ludge W. \\. ( iardiuer. .\fter a selection hy a mixed donbleipiartet, Mr. .Mattingly made a short address, reciting the part that Indiana had in the Civil War. .Mr. Mattingly is thcjroughly familiar with the war history (jf Indiana and his remarks were listened to with great interest.

"Ihiii. W. U. (iardiner was the principal s])eaker of the afternoon. His speech was a gem, both in thought and in rhetoric, and is classed as one of the finest patriotic addresses that the local Grand Army ever listened to. He paid a fine trihiite to the veterans of T)i to '65, extolling them for their valor and praising them for their i)luck in enduring the hardships wliich they had to face during the war. The afternoon program ended uiili the benediction- Ijy A. E. Johnson, chaplain of the post.

The Oluest N'Eteuan

"Julin Harris, a nienihcr of Coinpaii)' 1), l-'igluicth Indiana, was the oldest \etcran in altendancc at tlic rtninion and dedication. He is jjast eiglUyei^iit, hut is still spry. He marched with the rest of the xeterans in the parade. His home is near .\lfords\-ille and he H\-es on the same farm on which he !i\ed hefore he enlisted in the arnu'. He h.as made that phice his home ever since he returned from the war. h'rank A. li\'aus, of i\lcCormick avenue, this city, was the yoimoest \eteran to rej^ister. He ser\'ed in Companv 1!, ( )ne Hinulred and 'riiirt\'-se\enlh Indiana. James Sinclair, ai^'ed si.xt\'-six, of ron>])an\' I), h.ightieth lndiau;i. and R. IT. J'>ell, sixlN-fixe \ears old. of Com]ian\ I. ienlh .\'e\\ Vorl< .Artillery, were other \"(iun.Lf \'eterans in attendance." ij,,

Tin- I liirrisuniaii, liowe\er, did not have a nioihipoh of the political discussion incident to thai cam|)aign. .\iiotlier paper, called The Jacksuniun Ih'iiuhial, pnlilislieil ]>) Jeremiah \'oniig, came into the lield in ad\'ocacy of the opposition part)-. Jaihsi'iii,in Priihural luade a vigorous light for the [iriiiciples of the ])arty it esponsLHl, hut llie success of the Whig party accomplished its (piielus.

77/i- lliuisicr was pnlilished <hiring the year 1N4-' h\' James J. Marts. The ['dill was estalilished in i,S-|3 liy Charles ( i. Derry, Imt it onl\- lastedi for a few months. It was sncceeiletl in ihe same \ear, lirst l/\- 'The Saliirdax Mt'iiiiuii h'xf^i'Mli'r. piiMisJicd li\ Joiics X: I'row hrhl^c, and this li\- The Literary Juiinuil, pnlilished li\- John 1 '.r.'iy lield iK: l o. 'idiis last newspaper \'entnre was the lirst to ajiproacli an\ thing like success. It was coiuimied until 1^5,^, when, on account of the de.ith of Mr. Ih'a\lield, it was sold and the name chaii.i^ed to the U '(ishiiiijh>)i Telei)raph, with J. Al. Masoii as editor. Mr. Mason continued the paper until 1S55, when it was again scjIcI to James Stell, who piililislied it in sujiport of the Know -.Voiliing, or .\merican, party until 1.S5S. Ill thai year the Teh'ijrapli passed into the hands of .S. V . Uorrali, who continued as editor and piihlisher until iSdi. when the paper was sold to Lewis i\; Ciardner.

Numerous Futile Ventuuks

In the meantime some nther efforts liad been made in the attempt to estahh^h a new >i)a|ier in W'ashin.s^ton. and the>e efforts .i,'enerally resnhed in faihire. Re\'. llamihim Ivohl), a liaptist minister, started a Democratic paper called Tlir Sun. hnt this paper with hnninons title had scarcely begun to shetl its ra_\s npon the community when James Wilkin^ obtained possession of the ])lant and changed the name of the paper ti> 'I'lw J-lcc, whereupon Tlic Sun went intu an eclipse. lUit The Birc soon fullowed its predece>--ors. In iS5(> it came into the hands of C)li\er "P. P.aird, who changed the name to the irasliinijluii Dcinociat. Lewis & Gardner came into possessinn of the Dcmucrat. in iSfn, and consdlidated that paper with - the Tclcaraph, changing the name to the Washint/ldii d'nscn'aldr, on an indepeiulent pulicy. This consiilidaled independent |japer died a natural death inside of six montlis.

dhe irnshint/tiiu rt-U-</i-ii[^li wa> re\i\ed in ihe earl\- ])art of iSGj, Ijy Dr. W. -V. I lorrall and William Chapman. Ilorrall di.^jxised of his interest to Jacob Covert in i S6_^ ; ("hapman did likewise a few munlhs later, and Co\'ert continued the paper alone for about a year, at the end of winch time he retired, hinall}-, the plant came into the hand^ rii J. .M. (iriffm, \\ho, in 1865, remo\ed il tn .Mitchell, Indiana, and the H\rsliiiii/ti>n Trlri/rnf^li ceased to be.

The U'ashini/ton Herald (daily) and the a'ashinj/tini Ca.u-tte (weekly) are published in \\'ashington by the Gazette and Herald Company, a corjioration that was organized with a capital stock of twelve thousaml dollars in 1005, which org.anizalinn was etfecte.l to ])roni(ite the cnn>olidation (d' the Herald and the Ca.zette. at that time separate publications, the Herald being owned by a sti_>(.-k ci.)in])any, of which (."harles i]. Scl'rit was the manager, and the GiizcUl" 1iy l'ari> A. llasiiiit;s. W'h.en ihe consnliihitinii was made the name (Arri'/Zt' aiiil Herald was adopteil for the new paiier, hut in a sliort time this was chscarded and tlie daily edition was printed as the Herald and the weekly edition as the Gazette, thus retaining hnih the (jriginal names. Mr. ."^efrit became the managing edilur of the new pai^er and .Mr. 1 Lastings the business manager. Sex en years later, in .August, J91J, there was a reorganization of the com])any. Mr. 1 lastings sold his interest to Mr. Sefrit; the capital stock was increased to sixteen thousand dollars, and Mr. .Sefrit became the general manager and editor, with John T. Harris as general foreman and adxertising agent, which organization of the office has continued since 1912. The Herald now is cjiie of the most inlluential of the country newspapers of the state, and its editorial expressions are generally quoted over Indiana. ..

The Gazette was established m l~elirnary, i8()3. ;l weekly pajier pul> h'shed by two printers, Jacob t'oxert and (ieorge W. t 'olbert. its publication has lieen continuous since that time. The first otlice of the (j'acelte was in a small fr.ame binlding on J'ourth street, mvued by L"ol. John \'ati Trees, xxhich stood oil the opposite side of the street from the present office of the Gazette and llerald ('om])any. I 'oxen sold his iuiere-is to John A. Jvodarmel in i8(jiS. I'.oth Rodarmel and ('ulliert were scarcely out of their 'teens, and the editorial work of the pa])er xxas dnue li\- John lAans and William Thompson, lax\_x-ers, and Dr. W. .\. llorrall, all of whom, with the first pro|jrietors and Mr. Rodai'inel, lotig hax-e been dead. Spillard Idetcher llorrall, a Union ;irm_\' captain xxlio had done much correspondence xxhile at the front for the oM liraiisi'lllr Joiir)ial under the pen name of "0. K. Jumper Wiggins," bought the Gazette in liSjo and published and edited it until

1S7'), xxheii he sold out to .Malachi Krebs, who kept the pa])er for some eighteen months. Krebs xxas a xitrii.lic xxritcr; kepi himself in hot water most of ihe tune because ot his causiic criticisms ol his political adx-ersaries, aiiil had two or three per--oiial encounters, one of them xxith C'ol. Samuel II.

Taxlor, when a cane and an ink-well xxere used bx' the belligerents as weapons, xxithout particular damage to either (d' the gladiators, hoxxexer.

bist fights were not uncommon auKjiig the ])oliticians in those days. While faptaiu llorrall had the |)a])er. William 1). llynum, now of Indianapolis, then maxor of Washington, incensed at some snlpliuric editorial office, that lie lieM until liis death. Duncan Smith went from tlie Herald to Chicago to become une uf the celei^rated paragrajjiiers of the second citv of the Union. Frank I. Sefrit went from tlie Gazelle to .Sah Lake, where for years he was the manager of the Salt Lake Tribune, one of tlie leading newspapers of the inter-mountain states, lie now is the editor and general manager of the .-liiieriean Rei'eille, at Bellingham, an intluential Republican paper of the stale of Washington. Graham, George L. and Leigh Sanford, brothers, all <if whom started with llie Herald, now are prospering in the newspaper and ])rinlmg business in Nevada. Louis B. Sefrit went from the Gacelle to Seattle, Washington, where he held a responsible i)lace with the Seattle 'rimes until his sudden death from pneumonia in 1909. Jack Mattingly, who learned to be a good re])orter on the Herald, and Jack AlcCafferty, who ha<l his training in the Gacette office, went to Salt Lake to work on the Tribune, liacli of these bright young men died at Salt Lake. Walter Mc- Carly, now with llie / udianaf^nlis !\'e:es. was a "cub" re[)orter on the Herald. Carl C. Ih-aylield, a \-ersatile Indiana writer who died a few years ago at Charlestown, was associated with the Gacette for many years.

The Democrat

The Dai-iess County Deinuerat was established on December 12, 1863, by T, 1\. I'alnier and Stephen Belding, as a six-column folio, with the stibscription price at two dollars per _\ear, and with the motto; "The Union, the (Constitution and the Enforcement of the Laws." On June 4, 1868, the paper was enlarged to a seven-column (|uarto, a patent in.side being adopted, and the motto drop[)ed. On October 17, 1S68, Colonel I'almer sold out to Mr. Belding, who was the sole ()roprietor until October 23, 1869, when F.lias l'\ Widiier \va> ailniitted to parlnersliip, and llie linn became l^. Belding iv L'ompaiu. The oflice of the publication, which had up to lhl^ time been 'on \'an Trees slreel, in the rear of the postcffice, was remo\-etl, June 10, 1870, to the Gallagher l)lock, (.m Main street. Al this lime, Mr. Widner sold out ti> Mr. Belding. The palent-inside feature was discariled on Nox-ember 13, i86y, ami on .\pril 8, the subscription i)rice was reduced to one dollar and fifty cents per year. On July i, 187O, the pa])er was enlarged to an eight-ciilumn folio. In 1873 a power pres.s was set up and the p.aper took on a nil ire prosperous aiipearance. On l''el)rnary 20, 1881, the establishment was niowil to larger (juariers on Third .street, just snuth of where now stands the Xeal & I-'skridge store, and in oS'^s a half interest in the newsiiaper was sold to Samuel B. Bo_\*d, the firm name Ix'Coming Belding &

Boyd. In June, iSS6, the pnhlicalinn ui a daily paper was started, the paper being named the U'ashiiujton IK'iiunral . l-'runi tlie start, tliis puhhcation proved a success, and today it is considered one of the l)est small-city newspapers in Indiana. On October i, 1887. Mr. Bekling; sold his half interest in the Ih-iii(icriit to I!. 1'. Strasser, who remained a partner cil Samuel B. Boyd until October 7, 1S91, when Mr. Hoyd became the sole owner. On May 25, 1889, the newspaper plant was moved into the new Democrat building, erected on l-^ast Third street, between \';in 'J'rees and Walnut streets. On January i, 1906, Mr. ].!<iyd sold a half interest in the newspaper to Henry Backes, who at that time was city editor of the Democrat. Simultaneous with tlie formation of the new partnership of Boyd & Backes, a Mergenthaler linotype machine was installed. Aljout a year later an addition was built to the Democrat building, almost doubling the floor space, and, as the business rapidly grew, a \ast auKjunt of new machinery was added, including a uKire ra|jid news])aiK.'r press. In January, 1915, the Jrasliiiiijloii f)L'iii(icrat secured the franchise of the United Press As.sociatinn, with a leased wire running direct into the ntTice, placing the Democrat in a class with the metropnliljin newspapers for quick handling of the world's news. The partnership formed in 1906 continues at this time, with Mr. Boyd as editor and Mr. Backe.s as business manager. Bc.ith the U\ish'- iitgton Democrat and the Dm'iess County Demmrat coutain eight pages, si.K columns to the page, the subscription price of the daily l)eing ten cents per week and the weekl\- one dollar per year.

There ha\-e been other newspapers started in some of the smaller towns of the county during its hisior\-, but these journrdi>tic enterprises were Usually ol biief e\i-Iencc'. The exception to this newspaper experience is the Oilon Journal. publi-,he(l at the llonrishing little t(.)un of that name in Daviess county. This ]iaper was in 1873, and is still being published, with a good list of subscribers .ind a fair advertising p.atrouage. The present editor and [jublisher is John 1'.. Stott.

in llie history ot the world, churcli hiilory has ,i;oik' hand in hand with the material de\el(jpnienl of nations that have arisen, lint, inilike the historv oi nations, the church has not only continued to exist, hut has continued to increase in pcjwer and intluence. It has i;one from continent U) continent, and t'roni hamlet to hamlet, until e\er} town and city today l)oa>ts of its coterie of churches. \\'asliiui.;ti m, like all other cities, has within its ljor<lers re|)reseiUati\es of se\eral of the ])romincul religious bodies of the world, each with an active, progressi\e nieniherslnp and shepherded by an ethcient [jailor.

'J'he Westminster l'resl)yterian churcli claims to be the oldest church organization in Ua\iess county, and the claim seems to be well established. Its origin dates back to iSuj, when missionaries ol the I'resbx'terian taith \'isited this jjart c.)f what was then the Territory ol Indiana, preaching and teaching in the humble homes (jf the pioneers whcj had settled in this secticm. in August, 1S14, l\e\. (.ieorge T. Scott, oi X'incennes, urganize<l a church. with a memljership of seventeen. In the same )ear a young man was (jrdained for the ministrv by the Muhlenburg ])resbytery, and in May of the following \'ear Rev. John M. l.)icke\' came to ^erx'e this newly-organized church, as the tirst regular pastor. l\e\-. 1 'ickey came on horseback, with liis wife atid all his earthly pos>e>sions carried ou the horse behind him. The lilirarv of Mr. iJickey consisted of a Mible, liunyan's "I'llgrim's Progress," a theological dictionary anil Pisher's catechism. For four years he ministered to the needs of the small congregation, which was scattered o\'er an area of ten by sixteen miles. During his pastorate his wife died, and he afterward married the daughter of Ninien Steele, one of his elders. It may be interesting to know that Rev. John iM. Dickey was the grandfather of Rev. Sol. C. Dickey, D. D., of Winona, Indiana.

-The first church home of this congregation was located on the north side of Palmers creek, two and one-half miles south of the village, now the

In iNfhS the coiijirci^atioii had .s^rowii to such numhers that a new church was imperative. The old hnddin.i:;- was sold to the Christian denomination, and in the same year the work of erectin.i; a larger house of worshipi was he,L;un, on lots donated hy I'hilip and Sarah (.'ruse. In iXyn this church was remodeled, at an expense of several thousand do|l;irs, and ni iSi)ii .Mrs. W. 1.. iacksnn L;ave live hundred dollars .a- a nucleus fur a fuuil for a pipe-iir,i;,ui for the church. I'he second melodron used in the church is still in the posM.'ssion of l)a\id Krihs.

The following- have served as |)astors of the Westminster I'reshyterian church since its nri^aiiization : Rev. John M. Dickey, iSio; Kev. Ransom Maw ley, iXj3-_:;4; Rev. Calvin 1 hitler, 1H34-3S; Reverend .\ilams; Reverend

In Xoveniber. 1914, the centennial of the WcNlminster J 'reshyterian church was celehrated. ( )n this dccasiim an extended histurv "i the cimgregation was given, relating many interesting facts ;ind incidents of the hundred \ears of its existence, ft is fi'om this historical sketch that this article has heen compiled.

The J-'irst iMetlKjdist l'4)iscopal church of Washington liad its origin in 1816. The llrst serninn preached here by a minister of that denomination was in the pri\ate house of Saninel Miller. The house of 'I'homas Meredith also was used for that puri^ose. Rev. John Shrader had charge of the circuit that included Washington at that time, ])reaching here once each month. The woi-hip \i.as conducted in pri\ate residences, and sometimes in the schoii! house or court house, until 1827, when a small hrick church was erected at the corner nf ITefrdii and h'irst >treets. It seems that the contractnr who erected this huilding slighted his job. The strucHire was con- .siilered mwafe ami was used uuh .-ibout Iwn years, when it was abandoned, .and for eight years the congregatinn again resnrted to ]iri\ate residences for wiirship. The congregation purchased a lot at the corner of Third and I'lora streets, upnu which stond ;\ small dwelling. This was remodL-le<l by Rewis Jones, Ji.hn b'rver and William llrattnn and cimxerled into a house (if worshi]). the minlcst litile church being forniallv dedicated by Rev. John W'diul, in 1837. The membership of the clim-ch at that time was one hundred and twenty-l'i\e.

]n 1858 another church building was erected, at a cost (d' about two thousand dnllars, .and was dedicated b\- Rev. I'alvin Kingsley, a prominent Methcilist di\ine, who afterward became bishop. There was a cuntiiuietl increase in the membership of the congrei^atiuii eacli year until the necessity of a larger hiiikling became apparent. Accor<Ungiy, the leading spirits of the congregation began to devise plans for the erection oi a churcli to meet the demands. .V location was purchased on the corner cif [Meridian and \'an Trees streets, wliere a modern and C(in\x'nientl\ -arranged church was erected and fnrmally dedicateil in ]cSi;o. This is the church in which the congregation at present worships. Re\'. W. S. Rader has been the ])astor in charge since loi.v I he [jresent membership of the church is t-ight hundred and iifty, with a Sunda\- schnol enrollment id' eight hundred. .\. O. h'nikerson has Ijeen the efficient superintendent (jf the .Sunday school for lifteen }'ears.. Dr. K. .M. Smiley is director of tlie large ch.oir, one of the liest in the conference. Doctor Smile}' has ser\eil thi> church as chorister for about t\\euty-ri\e _\'ears.

There arc about twent\' other churches of the Methodi-t denomination in Davies> county. The most of these are small country churches, where there is no settled pastor an<l preaching ser\ ices are irregular. ( )n account of this condition, some nf the country churclies that oiiee were prosperous and ga\-e promise of permanency ha\c sultered a decline. In some instances

In Septeinliei", iNCq, a call wa^ ^ent out owr the coniniunitx', asking' that c\er\' person who at an\- time had hecn iilcntilied with the religious movement known in histor\ as the Uelormatiou .\lo\ Liuenl. to meet mii a I'eitain da\ to dexise means lor the ori;aiiization and estahlishmeiit of a coni^re^atioii advocating that laitli in this commiinitv. Ahout fi.irtv ]iersoiis responded to liiat call, hut onlv thirteen had the courage to face the hitter stniLji^les thai were to con I rout them in the estahlishmeiit ot such a cont^res^ation. Hut thesv thirteen, like the people oi the thirteen orii;inal Colonies, heliewcl in the mission thev were called to Inlfill: and the\' went forth as true disci])les consecrated to the service ( d' the Master. 'J'he following; are the ori,i;inal charter memliers, and no list ol names would he a fair re]iresentation of the people to he honored l>v this community if these were omitted in the record ol county hist.ory: l'"or one year this little coiii^re^.ition met regularly for worship, in a little din,L;\- room in the old court lioiisc, always with a faith ami conlldence tli.at, somehow, ( iod would le.ad them to a solution of the |)rohleni of securing,'" a |)lace of worship that w<iiild he snitahle and invitini; to those whom they souL;ht as memliers of their little li.and. .\t the end of the first year the o[)portnnitv came to purchase the little lirick church on Sixth ;md llefron streets. Here they conliiuied to worslii]i until iSi^j, all the time tiTowin.t,' in faith and miinhers. .\moni;' those who were added to the roll of memli.\\li:SS l(il \ \\. INDIAXA.

L;ation to raise the rest. Mr. Iiarr aftiTwanl ga\e an ailditimial five liundrcd dollars on the day of dedicatidii. The lot ci.ist the eoiiL;rej;ation three thousand dollars. The coniniittee aceepted the huildini^ plans submitted by W. S. K'aufnian, of Kichiuond, Indiana, and awarded the contract for its construction to J. [<\ llrown cK: I'.rollier, of this citw The contract calletl tor a ten-thonsand-doilar building-, but when it was completed such chan,!u;es had been made that the total cost had been increased to sixteen thousand dollars. The buildiuL;- was dedicated on l'\-bruary 21, l^\)/. and contiiuied to he the home id' the conL;re,L;ation until January 6, 1911, when it was coin- ])lctely destroyed h\' lire. l"".\'ery jjiece of turniiure, pipe-orL;an, hymn bcjoks, tables and dishes, were com])letel\- deslro\'ed.

'idle First liajitist churidi, of Washington, was organized on bTTruary 4, 1S40. ddie meeting for the organi/.atiou id" this congregation was IilTI in the 1 'resb\ teriau chinch, the litlle organization hand heiiig composed of ]\e\s. William Reese and John (iraham and four members from the V'eale ('reek church. Rev. William Reese was choseu moderator of this nieeling and James Johnston, clerk, .\rlicles of failli were adopted and the following persons suhscrihed to the same; William St.ansil, L'elia .St.ausil, W. ("r.

Under the inllnence of energetic and elhcient nn'nislry, the con,<iTegation liad a steadv growth for many years, ddiere was a large increase in the niemhersliip. including nian\ peojile of wealth and inlUience. The old church had heen enlarged and remodeled from time to time to meet the reipiiremeuts of the increased nieinhership, hut the tune came when a huilding of larger ca])acity was re(|ihred to accommodate the congregation, ddie (|uestiou of the erection of a Larger tunldmg suitahle to their nec<ls, with modern a|ipoiuImem>, hcgan to he agitate. 1 ahoiu u|Oj. l.i]ier;il .sulisfiiptions fcjr this pnrjjose were readiK' ohtaincd and the matter took dehnite shape hy the employment of .Architect Ostcrhagc, of X'incennes, to make ])lans for the <lesired huilding. ddie |ilans were accei)tcd and a contract was made with Ratlerson \' Reister. of Washmgton, for the construction work, dhe work was completed and the huilding formally de.licated on .Sund.ay, May _:;, 1<)I4. d he new churcli is modern in every particular. In the architectural design the huilding is faultless, while the interior finish and conyciheiice of appointments lease nothing t<i he desired. It i.s one i>\ the most heautifnl and attractive puhlic huiltlings in the city.

Tlie following- have .served as elders: David llixon, Ge(jrge T. Hays, A. T. r.anta, 'Jlionias Cunningham, William 11. .\llison, Mlmer Grow and James Williams. The present officers are: I'.lders, W. II. Allison, \V. H. Clarke, 1. A. Uailey, Thomas J. Hays and Lew Harris; deacons, Joseph A'leads, W. G. I'.anla and \V. .\. Jlunler; trustee, T. J. Hays, Jo.seph Williams, -Mort Hillings, W. H. Allison and Lew Harris.

The I'lainville Christian cluu-ch was reorganized in 18X8, hy Lvangelist Earrows and Rev. I'.d .McCornnck. There were about fifty original members, anicjug whom were the following; S. 11. IJyer, James Wiltsnian, |ohn G. Littlell, (). 11. McLiltrick, Mrs. Lon i\lcKittrick, I'arnetta Rankin, Mary Killian, k;msom Law. Ann Hcnnington, Lachel Williams, .Alice Cr(jslev, Paul Golhher, W. O. Litlell, T. ]-:. Litiell, L. F. Corlett, D. U. Burks, Margaret Cox, Lucy Marlatt, Lafayette Alarkatt, Lizzie (JAIahey, Gallatin hjigkuid, I^inda luigland, Alice Crosby.

The first evangelist to hold a meeting was A. L. Crim, of Clark county, Luliana. /\t this series of meetings more [lersons were received into fellowshi[) than were received b\' any other of the ministers who have held such meetings there.

The house in which the congregation worships was built in iSyj, and was dedicated in thai year, by Rev, 1.. L. C';irpciiter. It has servetl the purpMSf fur which it was erected since tluit lune, but it will soon ha\e to Ik- icpl.iccd li_\ ,1 new church oi kirgc capacin. on account of the lukirgcd meuibrrship. .V nice lui 111 the eenlr:d p:irt of Ihe town has been selecle<l as :l location lor the new church building, and ])lans for its erection are being considered.

llie ])resont iiieml.iershiii of tlie church is two Innulred and twenty. (Jliarlcs Dyer is superintendent oi tiie Sunday school, wliich has an enrollment of (_ine hundred and twenty-five, and an a\'era,^e attendance of one hundred. The other church auxiliary societies are the Young People's .Society of Christian Endea\(n-, tlie Ladies' .\id Society, and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

Christian Ciiukcii Of Odon

The Chri>tian church of ( )don was estahli^hed in iH~,J, and was re- .f)rganized bv \\'a\'ne Alford in iSjo. The first place ol \\or>hip was in a school house. In 1S53 a cliurch liuildini; was erected which served the con- L;re,L;ation until iSc^j, when the pi'eseiit huilihnt;- was erected, at a cost of three thousaml dollars. This church was dedicated in iSo-', \>y Dr. L. L. Car|)enter. The |jreseut mcmhership ol the church is three hundred; Sunday school enrollment, three hundred and ei.yht. The cont^rei^ation has an active (Christian h'.ndeaxor Society, as an auxiliary in churcli work, ;uid the church is out of tleht.

Tlie governin.a^ board of the church is composed of nine elders and fifteen deacons. The present ofiicers are: C. L. Mount, president of the board; A. A. Lane, treasurer: C. .\. Lickett, .secretary. Joe Callahan is su])erintendent of the Sunday school; I'aul Sears, president of the Christian f'Jideavor .Society.

The Odoii Uniteil Brethren church was organized by Rev. Joseph Stubblefield, during the conference year of 1862-63. 'fhe first churcii building was begun during the pastorate of Rev. John Granger, in the year 1868. The church was dedicated 011 May 28, 187O; during the ])astorate of Rev. Ephriain Thomas, by Bishop Jonathan Weaver.

The present building, a beautiful brick edifice, standing among large maple trees, on one of the finest locations in Odon, was erected in 1904, while Dr. J. T. Llobson was pastor. It was completed and dedicated, .\pril 30, 1905, by Dr. C. ]\I. llrooke. Rev. S. Z. Todd being the pastor at tliat time. The Ladies' Aid Society completed the liasement of the church, at a cost of about tin-ee lumdred dollars. This church is one of the best-organized churches in the county. While the memhershi|) is not the largest, it comprises a hand of active and devoted workers in the cause of the ^faster.

Jt is, ])erlia])s, idle today to go back earlier than 1819 to hud any Catholics in Daviess countw True, ])riests and bishops passed through, en route from Louisville and N'incennes and back, but to dwell on these would be no uKjre fruitful of satisfactory results than to claim that a certain old converted Indian chiel, who was camped with hi.-, tribe on the bank of White river about 17'.;5, and wlu.i used to attend mass at \'iuceiines, was the tirst Catholic in the county. To lea\e the merely hypothetical and come tlown to the aulliculic, and not lo luii'iow the honors too much, the .Murplns and the Spinks at Washingt<jn, and the Alontgoinerys at i^lack Oak ividge, were the' first Catholic settlers in Daviess countv.

The tirst church in cither count)- was the rude log cme put u|) at Black Oak Ridge; the second was the log one at St. Mary's; the third was at St. Simon's. Washington; the fourth at St. Rose, Mt. I'leasant; the fifth, St. Patrick, at filencoe; the si.xth, the one at Miles settlement; the seventh, St. Patrick's, at the present site; the eiglilh, .St. John's at I.oogootee ; the ninth, St. .Martin's, at ilaw Creek; the lenlh, St. Louis, at Shoals; the twelfth, .St. Josei)h's; the thirteenth, St. Mich.ael's. .Several churches were built at some of these ])oints, for instance, four at .St. I'eter's, two at St. Simon's, four al St. Mary's and two al Li » i,!4< 'otce. Three nt the ahove, thnse at Alt. rieasant, Miles's seltlenieiil aiiil Cileiicne, have l)eeii ahandcjueil fur other sites, the last named only ])artial!y, however, so we have at present ten parishes proper - four in Martin and .six in Daviess county. The great majority of the Catholic i)o|iulation are those who came Irom Kentuck)- or Ireland. The tiermans stand next as to muiiher, though the)' are quite modern as to date of settlement. There are and have lieen a few ITench families; a few other fanulies came direct from .Maryland and a fc\\ from North Larolin.a, d~ennessec. I'enusv 1\ ania and ( )hio. The first settlers were attracted to these covnuies Ijecause of the rich land for sale at a very low price. This "land craze," as it ma\ he called, ga\e rise entire!}' to St. Joseph'>, St. I'eter's and .St. MaryV ]>arishcs and largely to that of 'Sli. Pleasant. The W.ahash & i'Tie canal gave rise to St. I'atrick's parish, and added materially to St. Simon'>, Si. I'eter's and Si. .Mary's. The Ohio & Mississipjii railroad gave rise to St. John's at l.(jogootee and addeil to all convenient tcj its line. The opening of the coal mine^ al Washington, Cannelhurg ami Montgi.nncry added manv new nasno to the h^^t.^ of Si. Simon's and St. I'eter's, heneliting the former nnich more suhstantially than the latter, and largely g,i\e rise to the church of the Imm.acnlale C'onception. The piking of the state road from .\'cw .\lhanv to \inccnnes, which work WTLS never lini^hed, heneliled chiellv the Ml. I'leasanl or ]iresent llaw (.'reek pari.--h. The last, and al^o nio^t imimiiaul, inllux ol «,';ithi ilics was occasioned hy the concentration of ihe iSallimore ^: ( )hio .Southwestern Ivailroad shops at Washington, Indiana.

One of the old record hooks ai .St. .Simon's contains the following names as heing those eonlirmed at .St. Patrick's hy l'.ish(jp de la 1 laikandiere on Xo\eniher j_|. 1845; James Ta\lor, Stephen T'ennington, .Michael Delaney, William k'ane, ( leorge .M.ijor, Jojni Delaney, John Ih-ewer and Tli(/nias .\gan. T.and was first secured ahoul 1837 at old St. Patrick's, or (Tencoe, as it was usuallv called, li\- i'ather I.alumiere, who hought eighty acres with the intention, it is saiil, of laving off and founding a town, to lie known as ( )'( 'ownelts\dlle, hut ihis project fell through and the land was soM. .Soon the pl.ace was .attemled from St. Peter's and in 1S40 the Reverend J. Delaune huilt the lir-t and only church, which was of logs.

I'art of the land on wliich the chureh ^tan(ls was des-oted tn hiir\-ing puriioses t\ir those con\-enient to it and is l^imwii as the new eenieter\-, thungh the v\d cemetery was continued in use for tlie heiieht of the chislcr of famihes living in that localit\-. The present St. Patrick's church was liuilt in i860 hv Reverend 11. I'iers, who was then attending the parish from Mcjutgoniery. In 1S80 h'ather Do\'le resigned on account of ill health, and he was soon after succeeded hy the lve\-. (i. Al. (iinnsz, wUn showed C(.)nsidcrahle spirit in his efforts for the hetternient of the ]iarish and people. .\s one means to this end he organized St. Patrick's I'otal .\l)stinence Sociei\, with a nieinher.sliip of si.xty. This did much good for sohriet}'. charit\- and l)ene\-olence, anil is still in existence. In 188:; he made some impi'o\ements and added the finishing tonclies to the priest's house, which was Imilt hy h'ather l)o\le. I'.ut his niosi important ami. of course, most ardnon-- \\(jrk was the huilding of the i.'hapel and school hou->e on the site of old St. Patrick's. lie hegan this work in .Vugust, 1887. ;ind compleied it in .\'o\emlier of the same \-ear. This linildmg i-- of Prick and conl.iin- I w o well- furnished schoolrooms, each tweniy-twii 1)\ twenly-eighi feet, and prettil) arranged chapel that contains iwenty-fiiur jiews. The lol.al cost \v;is four thousaml dollars and not a cent of deht remains on it. The chapel is used onl\ f' ir the celehratiou of mass when persons are hrought there for Imri.al in the old hmwing gronml. The huilding is (|iiite a handsome and show)' cine and the pe^qile of that locality are prouil of it..

St. Peter's is the oldest parish in either Da\-iess or .Martin connt\', and was huilt ahout 1818, h\- ("atholics from l\enlucl<\-. a church-loving [leople, who had not heen here long hefore the_\' were sought out 1)\- h'athers Blanc aiul ( 'hamponier, of \ inccimes. The first settlers were the Moiugumerws, the kiclwells, and the i)aiils, .and it was at the house of .Mr. Montgomery that mass w.as first said. \ er\- soe)n - ])erha])S in i8jc) - these men, imder the (lirection of h'ather Ulaiic, huilt a rude log church, scarcelv sixteen h\- twenty feet. WIk-ii h'ather Plane was recalled to Xew Orleans in i8_>o, he was succeeded in his visilaticJUs li\ ke\erend Cham]>iouer, who \isited the place moiithl)- for ahout two years. Ife was succeeded hy Ue\erend Palnmiere, who \isited the settlement from \ iuceunes for a time, and afterward hecame its first I'esidcnl jiaslor. lie is credited, as earl\' as iNj;;, with huilding a hewed-log church. twent\-four he lliirt\- feet, and a

1, with some of the hrolliers, was teuiporaril)' at .St. I'eter's. We were npon \er\- close rations, too. t^ne da\- a neighhor named ila\es came to see me and asked how 1 was. I tnld liim that I was not feeling well; tliat I hail not had an\ thing for dinner that day. lie at once re(|nested me to send some ni the liioihers with him and he would see that 1 was not withont my dinner another da_\'. T did so, and soon \\ e had sexeral sacks of meal, meat, and oilier desirahle pro\-i^ions."

( )n the same occasion lie related to .Mr. llreen the circumstances id' liis leaving the smuhern toi the northern part of the state as follows:

lie la llailandiere sent for me and told me of the extensive land> near the lakes in the north, and offered them to nie on the condition that 1 would found a college there; I did not want to go. hut he insisted, .'ind ])roffereil me liis horse to ride; I went, and the trip took me a week. I was ]ileased with the pl;ice and at once made arrangements to estahlish ourselves." One of the hrothers who left St. I'eter's with l-'ather Sorin, Brother X'incent, 1i\ed to he more than ninety-three years of age.

In the sermon at the golden jnhilee of h'ather Sorin, at Notre Dame, in .\ugust, i888, Bishop Ireland s])oke of si.x hrothers who came with leather Sorin from France; 1841 as the year of his conn'ng and 1S4J as the year he lii'.-t set foot on the l>:iiiks of the .St. joe ri\er. I'his agrees with existing records and traditions, and the names of these six hrothers are well remembered by several. The following were named by Miss Lizzie O'Dell, who went to school to these brtjthers; .\nselm, Gashien, Joachim, Lawrence \ incent, Francis and ]\Iarien ; one, who was known as Brother Jose])h, was teacln'ng at St. Peter's when the above mentioned arrived, lie had been connected with the Trappist order of luirope. but could not endure the se\'erities of their rule and left. .About ten others joined them, but when they left for the north, these latter, who were voung men of the surrounding neighborhood, did not go along, not having taken their oblig.alions. W'lien they left St. I'elerV they hail the l:inil they were cm nearlx' all in wheat, having leased much ot it in order td ha\e it cleared. 'J'here were nu Sisters of tiie Holy Cross with h'ather Surin.

St. Peter's cemetery is the most historic of all the parochial Imrying grounds in Daviess counl\', because it contains the rcmams of early settlers from Lithcr pari-hes, or at lea^l many of them.

With the hej^inning of h'ather Knwan's pastorale of .St. I'eter's parish marked impro\eiuents were projected and perfected, in clun-ch, school and l)ari>h. The ])rominent im|)ro\-ement^^ which were luaile during his pastorate are the niierior dcd iralions, ihc cuxL-ring ol the church with a slate roof, and new oaken seats of .superioi' w orkiuan'-hi|). The parochial scho(jl, under the charge of the Sisters' of l'ro\idence, al>o was cstahlished. 'Jdie elegant hoiue of the ])rie>l, erected of hrick and sUme of the most UKidern st^ le of architeclure. with modern ci ou cnieuce'^, stands .idiacent lo the church on the north ^ide. Ihc whole .-minunl of inipi'oxeirient-- made hy h'ather I-iowan aggregale more than tweKe ihon^anil dohars m \alue. The \alne of Roman I 'alholic ])ropert\', in .Momgomer\-. and the appen<lix at Cannelhurg, including the cpiarter-section ol coal lauil, one nnle west of the village, is estimated at lifty-fixe thousand dollars, which indicates a marxekius growth since its cstahlishment in iSi8. The parish is in a very healthy state, St. Peter's being the second oldest parish in the ^tate of Indian.a.

This parish is noted as one of the oldest, >trongest and wealthiest Catholic orgam/aliou-> m the ^tate. Tin-, mllnemial -^'cielx had its inception near the beginning of the centur\-, when, in the _\e;ir iSk;. a few (alholic families, who had settled in the \icinUy. were visited b\- llisho]) h'l.agel and united in a body for di\ine worship. 'I'he parish was .sjiarsc and scattered, and religious ser\ ices intermittent and irregular. Ten years later, in rSjq, the spiritual im])ulses of the scattered members of the Catholic society were accentuated and gix'en a new \igor by the \nsit of h'ather John .\bell, from the iliocese (if llradstown, Kentucky, now Louisville, who, in June of that _\ear, preached the jubilee in Washington. During this lime and unlil 1837 the Catholics of this vicinity attended services at St. Peter's, at Aloiilgomery.

In tliis latter year the society was placed under the s|iiritu;il control of Ke\-. Simon 1'. I.alunnere, ami the next year, i.S;yS, a house of worship was Iniilt. '1 his old cluu'di was in use for nearly half a century and was torn down aliout 1S95 ti> i^ive place for the present inai;nilicent church edihce at Washingluu. d'he earl_\- years of this church were years of struy\^le. In 1N40 twehe pews acct :inino(laled the worshipers. The growth of the church was slow, hut couslaiit, and was swelled _\ear l.iy \ear li\' the addition of new fanulies, until today the congregation of St. Simon's nuiuhers more than three hundred families, among wIimui are mau\- rejireseutatives of the wealth, culture and rermement ui the citw The church is not only \er\- strong linaiicially. hut is a power for gowd in the c< 'ininunit)-, exerting a great and cciuslantl) -increasing iulluciice in the sncielN' of that cil\.

St. .\lar\'s church (or ihe (ierman cluireh of the rnimacnlale C'once])- tioii), al W'ashingion, dates its formation fr(jin ahout the _\ear 1.S74. h'or se\er:il _\ears prior to that \ear it had heen exidenl that the ( ierm.an Calholics of ihe town re(|uired a church hnilditig of thc-ir own. hut it w;is unt inilil ihe \e.ir ii.imed that active steps were taken lor the erection of such an edilici'. l''oii\ I lerm.ui lamihes then lorined ihenisches into a congiegalion and raised a suitahle sirnctnre ol hrick. at a cost of thirteen ihonsand dollars. The erection hegan in the spring, and, although nnfmislied, was used for di\ine sersdces the lollowing Decemlier. In J.ainiary, iSy2, the congregation was full\' org.inized hy Re\-. John 1 '. Sassel, who also started a German school, lie lahored with heroic self-denial for the welfare of his little llock- unlil his death, on .Vugust 10, iSjm, and to Ins eanu'st worl-: the church is indehled for its permanent prosperit\.

It will be a matter of to the people of I):i\iess conut\' to kii'jw that there ha\e been more than one hundred churches establisheil witlnn the limits i>i the county durin.L;' its history id' nearly one hmidred years. No less that! ten dit'ferent denomiuaiions ha\e erected buildings at \arious ])laces in the conntv, and half a dozen other sects ha\-c held ser\'ices in school houses, (.ir other l)uildin,L;s. .\ study ol the reli,nions liistory of the county rexeals some \er\' inlerestinj;' lacts. .\1;uin' ol the churches that were organised ;md gaNe promise ol permauency, became di\idcil on i|uesiions of church polic\ ,ind disor^.im/.alion resulted. < ^ue ol the disturbing i-lements that caused dissension was secret societies. .\nother was the question of instrumental music in church worshi]), and various other f|uestious which would seem tri\ial and non-esseiilial to most of the cbtu-ch member.s of the present age. Tenacilx' of opinion \\;is a marked characteristic ot the early settlers, and this disposition was especially manilesled in their inherited religious belief.

In consequence of these chm"ch dissensions scores of churches established in the counly, with once llonrishing congregations, ha\-e bing agO' ceased to exist, their existence am! location being known only to a few of

.Section 10, Lhiited brethren ( l'"air\ie\v) ; section 5; .Methodist ( I'leasant \'alley) ; section 11, Christian ( t'oncord ); section u, .Methodist (I'leasant Union); section 15, Methodist (Talhert's Chapel 1 ; section 17, Alelhodist (I'leasant (iro\e): section Ji, Lhhteil lirelhren (New llelhel ) : section 30, Methodist (.Mt. Zion), h^.psoni .Methodist, I'.psom Christi.an, Corncttsville Methodist, Cornetts\ille Baptist. Catholic (St. .Michaers), Aniisli.

Section 3_'. Ciunhei-l.ind Breshx lerian (L'nion), llndsonsille Methodist. Ilndson\ine Christi;in. Waco Christian; section (). Baptist (.\iknian Creek), Clendale Methodist,

Section i. P-ajitist { X'eale's Creek); section 6, United Brelliren | h'riendsliipl; sectiim 10, Ciiristian, Mavsville AiethcHlist, I.ettsville .Methodist.

Washington City

Metlio(Hst (h'irst), Methiuhst (Secnnd), Methodist (colored), Presbyterian, 1 'resliyterian ( Cnniherland ) . i\usselhtcs. i;ai)tist, Con,gregational, ilaptisl (c<jloved), Cnited iSretiiren, Chi'islian, Ihristian Science; Catliolic (St. -Mary's), CatiioHc (St. Simon), Catliolic ( Ininiacnlate I'oncejjtion ), i episcopal.

Section 25, United Brethren (Otterbein); section 25, Lutheran; section _'(). L'niled Brethren, l'lain\!lle .Methodist, I'lainville Christian, Blain- \ille United Brethren; section 7, J')ai)tist (Bociim).

Section 5, Church ot' (iod (SIuImIi); section ij. .Metlmdist (Macedonia'); section 29, Christian (Liberty); section 16, Baptist; section 31, United Brethren, l\af;lesville .Methodist, Kai^lesville L'nited B.rethren, Center .Meth- (idist; section (S, Cumberland I'resbyterian.

Section 15, Alethodist 1 Bethel) ; section 21, Cumberland Presbyterian (Mt. Olive); section Ji,. .Methodist (Pleasant Hill); section 35, iMethodist (Cu ml jack).