Dearborn County, Indiana - The whole text, 1915 (part 6 of 15)

The maternal grandfather of }i[rs. Alta M. Van Osdol was Hiram Barricklow, who was bom in 1S29. in Ohio county, and was a son of John Barricklow, born in 1800, whose father was Daniel I'.arricklow, a native of Pennsvlvania. Hiram Barracklow was twice married, first, to Sarah A. Pate, daughter of \\^illiam T. Pate, by whom he had the following children : Rebecca became the wife of Stephen Hastings; Mary J., mother of Mrs. Van Osdol: William Taylor was married to Agnes Fisher, January 30, 18S1, daughter of John and Agnes G. (Flannigan) Fisher; George G. married Laura Turner: Anna M. became the wife of Lawrence Turner.

Doctor \'an Osdol, through his ability as a dentist, has won for himself a successful practice in the community, and he and his wife have a large circle of warm friends, whose society they \'ery frequently \m\e the pleasure of enjoying.

Fred Grelle

The following is a brief sketch of the career of a plain, honest man of affairs, who by close application to the path he had marked out in life for himself, has succeeded not only along material lines, but in the better things of life also, being held in high esteem not only by those with whom he has business dealings, but also those who know him only in a social way. Mr. Grelle has long since proven that he is possessed of an untiring energy and indomitable will, and he stands to the younger generation as an example of what can be accomplished by an}- young man who will bring the best of his ability to his task.

Fred Grelle is a native of Ccesar Creek township, Dearborn county, having first seen the light of day within its borders on Christmas day of the year i860. He is a son of Henry and Sophia (Froelich) Grelle, b(jth natives of the German empire. Flenry was born in the year 1825 and came to this country when a young man. He remained for a time in Cincinnati, where he had friends, and later came to Dearborn county to engage in farming. Fie purcliased forty acres in Csesar Creek township and when that was paid for bought twenty acres additional, and later on added a tract of sixty acres. He ga\'e his attention to general farming and the raising of a small amount of live stock, and was gratifyingly successful in liis undertaking. He died in ]i)o.|. at the age of seventy-nine years. Sophia Froelich, his wife, was Ijnrr. in 1829. and upon coming to America located in Cincinnati, wlierc she met and married Mr. Grelle. Her death occurred on ]\Iarch 25, 1914, at the age of years. She was the mother of twelve children, namely: Margaret, Louisa, Cynthia, John, George, Fred, Anna, William, Louis, Caroline, Henry and Gei'rge. Of this family, George, Louis, Caroline, Henry, George and Margaret have passed into the great beyond. !vlargaret married Henry Droege and lived at Laporte, Lidiana. She was the mother of four children, Theodore, Louisa, Emma and Lena. Louise became the wife of \\'i!Iiam Ilunche, living at Laporte, this state, and they also had a family of four, Emma, Martha, Edward, and Sophia, who died when a small infant. John married Lizzie Niederbaumer and they live at Seymour, this state. There are eight children in their family. Lulu, Clara, William, Augusta, Alma, Dorothy, Esther and Ruth, who died when a little child. Anna married Ernest Peters and they live in Elmwood Place, Ohio, where they are rearing their three children, William, Amelia (deceased) and Lulu. William married Annie Huseman and they are engaged in farming in Dearborn county. They have four children: Jesse, Amelia, Edward and Esther.

Fred Grelle received his education in the school at Farmers Retreat, and then for a few years after his studies were over he assisted his father in the Vv'ork of the home farm. In 1887 he made his first independent business venture, this being the purchase of forty acres of land in Cjesar Creek township. In 1906 he purchased one hundred and twenty acres adjoining and again in 191 3 he purchased twelve acres, making one hundred and seventyfour acres, all of which he has converted into an up-to-date stock farm and he has met with more than ordinarv success. In the year 1900 he purchased a complete threshing outfit and for the following fifteen years he operated that throughout this community.

On May 23, 18S9, Fred Grelle was married to Louisa Huseman, born in Rijjley county, December 23, 1864, a daughter of William and ^lary (Weaciiman ) Huseman. ^lary Weachman had been previously married to William Oesting, by -whom she became the mother of three children, Henry, Jolm and Louise. Henry and John are deceased. After the death of ]Mr. Oesting his widow married Mr. Huseman. Both Mrs. Grelle's parents were born in Germany, and immigrated when young to this country, locating in Cincinnati, where both worked for a few years. After their marriage thev came to Firown to-\vn,>hip, this county, wliere they remained for some time. To William and Mary Iliiseman were burn .se\-en children, Henry. Mary (deceased), Amelia. William (deceased), Louisa. Anna (deceased) and Anna 3ilary. Henry married Rieke Forncamp and liecame the father of four children, Bertha. .Mlic, William (deceased), and an irfant who died early in life. The family li\e> ni Ripley county, where they are engaged in farming'. Amelia became the wife of Frank llenclien and the mother of five children, Gustof, Elmer, ClaMcn, Edna and Hilda.

Fred Grelle is one of those broad-minded men who not only are alerl to their own best interests, but who also desire to serve their community whene\er possible. Fie is one of the staunch Republicans of his communit}- and for tihrteen years has moct efficiently served his party as superintendent of road work. He has also been a member of the township school board for a number of years, and is keenh- interested in all that concerns the educational advantages for the youih of the ti-iw nship. He and his familv are devout members of the Lutheran church, giving generously of their means and time toward the work of the local organization.

Albert V. Dietz

Being a man of excellent character and business qualifications, the suliject of this biography is in every way worthy of the responsible position which he occupies as cashier in the German Ainerican Bank, of Lawrenceburg. Being present at the organization of the bank, he has had the pleasure of watching it g.row, until he now feels almost a paternal interest in its welfare.

Albert V. Dietz is a son of John and Mary (Bauman) Dietz, and was born on July 8, 1866, at Brookville, Indiana, where he attended the parochial and public schools, going from there to the Central Normal, at Danville, and later entered the State Normal School, at Terre Flaute, working his way through. Fie then became clerk in the L'nited States revenue service, at I^awrenceburg. and f(jr twenty years has been a resident here. In 1905, when the German American Bank was organized, he became its cashier, which position he still holds. This bank was organized wiih a cajjital stock of twenty-five thoiisanrl dullars. Mr. Dietz is a Democrat, and is a nicnilier of the Catholic chnrcli. His fraternal membership is with the Knights of Columbns.

John l^ietz was a native of Germany, where he was reared and received his edncatic)n. lie ser\ed an apprenticeshi[) of five ^ears witli a wholesale and retail merchant, and was afterward employed as clerk in the same establishment for ten years. Coming to America in 1850, he located at Brookville, where he engaged in merchandising. He died there in 1884. aged sixtysix years. His wife, ?\Iary (Baiunan) Dietz, was a nati\e of Ohio. She died in 1S94, aged fifty-nine years. The)- were both members of the Catholic church, and were the parents of eight children, namely : Thercssa became the wife of Philip Hartman, of Brookville; Frank also resides at Brookville; Catherine died \\hen two }-ears of age; John and Elizabeth reside at Brookville: .Vlbcrt A'., of Lawrencebnrg; Irene was married to b'rank Tulle}-; ^\'illiam C. makes his home at Greenville, Ohio.

The paternal granilpareiits died in CIerman\- when lohii was an infant. They were farmers, and were the parents of three sons and four daughters, all of whom came to this country and died here.

The maternal grandparents were Fedalia Bauman and wife, natives of Germany. They came to America and were early settlers at Brookville, when the w-ohes were in the forest, and spent their remaining years here. Air. Bauman died aged eight}--two years, and his wife died at the age of seventysix. To this union Avere bom five children, Alary, Anthony, Catherine, Theressa and Julia.

Albert V. Dietz was married on Septenibcr 17, 1S95, to AFarv Sattler, daughter of Joseph and Agnes (Graff) Sattler. Airs. Dietz was born at Cedar Grove, F"ranklin county, Indiaria, To Air. and Airs. Dietz were Xwxw four children, Agnes, Gertrude, Elizabeth and Albert. Agnes died aged eight years, and Albert died in infancy.

The father of Airs, Dietz was a native of Austria, and his wife of Cedar Grove, Indiana. She died in 1894. Air. Sattler was a pri\-ate in the Ci\'il War, and is still living. There were ten children born to this union, as follow : Alary, Peter, Anna, Joseph, Bernardina, Philip, John, George, Frank and Edward.

Charles Edgar Torbet

Education and progress have formed the outUnes along whicli the subject of this sketch, a well-known and influential man in school work, has traveled all his life. I\Tr. Torbet has made an earnest and sincere study of his profession, and advocates and follows the principles of perpetual research work. He has never reached the jjoint of feeling that there is nothing more to be gained by study, wherein lies the secret of his great value in educational work.

Charles Edgar Torbet was born on July 22, 1871, near Shreve, Holmes county, Ohio, and is a son of James and Laura (Becker) Torbet. He was educated at the public schools of his district, the high school at Fredericktown, and the college at Delaware, Ohio, graduating in 1897, after which he was professor of Latin and Greek at West Famiington, Ohio, Western Reserve Seminary, remaining three }ears. and then took a post-graduate course at the Ohio Wesleyan University, of Delaware, Ohio, coming in September. 1901, to Moores Hill College as professor of English and history. Professor Torbet is a stanch Republican, to which party he has given his loyal support, and shown public spirit by holding some of the local offices. He has been secretarT,- of the school board for the past three years, and he is a member of the ^lethodist Episcopal church, of which he has been recording steward for a number of years. Professor Torbet is greatly interested in church work, and has for many years been a teacher in Sunday school work. He belongs to Delta Tau Delta, of the Ohio Wesleyan University Chapter Mu.

James Torbet, father of the subject of this sketch, was born on December 16, 1S47, in Holmes county, Ohio, where he attended the public schools, of that locality, and was engaged in teaching for five years. He remained on his father's farm until two years after his marriage, when he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church, in the North Ohio conference, in 1S73, where he spent the greater portion of his ministerial hfe, two years of which were spent in the Northwest Iowa conference. Mr. Torbet retired in iqn, after thirty-eight years of active service, and is now living at Shelby, Ohio. He is an independent voter. His wife. Laura ( Becker) Torbet, was born in 1846, in Fostoria, Ohio, where she was educated in the public schools. Mr. and Mrs. Torbet were the parents of five children, Charles Edgar, Howard L.. John E., Robert D., and Mary K. Howard L. Torbet was married to Edith Patterson, of Adelphi, Ohio, and is pastor of the Park Avenue Congregational cluuch, Cleveland, Ohio. They have one child, Alice. John Torbet died wlien twelve and Robert at six years of age. Mary is teaching school at Niobrara, Nebraska.

The paternal grandfather was Robert Allen Torbet, and his wife was Keziah (Scott) Torbet. They were natives of Pennsylvania, 'and came to Ohio about 1832, settling in Holmes county, on a fine tract of land covering eighty acres, where they lived until their death. Mr. Torbet added to his acres until he owned one luuidred and sixty, and followed farming all his life. He was a Whig, and at its organization became identified with the Republican party and was quite prominent and active in a public way. He was a "Squire," and wrote many wills and settled many estates for his neighbors, and was one of the pioneer school teachers in northern Ohio until long after his marriage. Mr. Torbet was a member of the ]\lethodist Episcopal church. His wife, Keziah (Scott) Torbet, was a native of Holmes county, Ohio, where she was married. They were the parents of ten children, David. Elizabeth, James, Eleanor, Hiram, Albert, Alargarette, Walter, Robert S., and one who died in infancy.

Charles Edgar Torbet was united in marriage, October 29, 1903. to Maude Bainter, daughter of Charles A. and Mary Ellen (Davis) Bainter. She was born on March 19, 1874. This union has- been blessed with two children : Virginia, born on November 20, 1905; and Esther, June 6, 190S.

Charles A. and Mary Ellen (Davis) Bainter, parents of ^Irs. Charles E. Torbet, were both natives of Muskingum county, Ohio, but lived the greater portion of their lives at ]\It. V'ernon, Knox county, Ohio.

Professor Torbet is well liked, and through his fearless method of thwarting discouraging situations in bringing his work to a high standard, lie has the admiration of all with whom he is associated.

William H. Greene

Among the older agriculturists of Clay township. Dearborn county, Indiana, is the subject of this brief biographical sketch. For more than half a century Mr. Greene has conducted the business of his farm and in that time has seen methods of tilling the soil and harvesting crops make some radical changes. In that time, too, he has seen the status of the fanner change from what was once considered a most humble calling to what is now regarded as the most independent and ele\'ating- life a man can lead. ]Mr. Greene has nni been slow to take advantage of these changes as they came about and has always been regarded as one of the most up-to-date farmers of his communiu-.

William H. Greene is a native of the Blue Grass state, born in Boone count}-, on February 27, 1S33, a son of John C. and Sallie S. (Green) Greene. Jinhn C. was also iKirn in Bivjue count}-, the. date of his birth being February 21, 1S02. He recei\ed his education in the subscription schools of his native county and. when a yji-Uig man mastered the art of the flour miller. He followed his trade for many years and in 1S46 retired from that life, |)urchasing a farm on which he lived until his death, in August of 1858, at the age of fifty-six years. John C. Greene was a son of William and Marv (Cochran) Greene, both of whom were born in the state of Virginia, where they grew to maturity and were married. In the early clays of the state of Kentucky they came into that state, locating near Lexington, afterward removing to Boone county where they engaged in farming for the balance of their lives. In early life, William Greene had followed flat-boating un the waters of the Ohio. He lived to be quite an old man, his death occurring in 1849. W^illiam Greene and wife were the parents of a large famil}-, some of them being Edward, John C., Ruben C., Sylvester, [Morton B., EUina and ^lary.

Sallie S. Green, mother of the immediate subject, was born in the state of Connecticut and in her youth received a excellent education, She attended a convent near her home, later finishing her studies in the high schools of Hartford and Xew Haven, termed "academies" in those days. It was her ambition to be an instructor to the children on the frontier and in 1820 she journeyed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and from that point took passage on a family boat for pjoone county, Kentucky. There she f<3und a fertile field for her efforts as school teacher and there too she met and married John C. Greene. To their union were born six children, namely: Joseph and John, deceased; Alartha, Elizabeth, William H. and George. Martha married John Ross and makes her home in Missouri. She is the mother of three children, only one of them. Verner. surviving. Elizabedi became the wife of Henry Klenkenbeard and has three daughters, ^Marguerite. Louella and Elizabeth. George enlisted for ser^vice in the Ci\il War, and wliile at the front receive;! the wound which resulted in his death.

William H. Greene received his education in the schools of Boone county, Kentucky, receiving also valuable instruction from his excellent mother, and wlien twenty-three years of age engaged in the tanning business at Montgomery, Indiana, in company with his uncle, Matthew Greene. There he remained for five years, when he returned to his childhood home in Kentucky and passed the following- six years. In l(S64 in company witii his brother, Joseph, William Greene purchased a tract of one hundred and fittyfi\-e acres in Cla}- township, Dearborn county, Indiana, and on that farm he still remains, his brother Joseph having passed from this life some vears since.

\\'illirmi II. Greene was married on November lo, 1858, to Susan Durham, a daughter of John and ^lary (Fields)' Durham, originalh- of Kentucky but later of INIontgomery county, this state. Susan Durham was one of a family of five chililren, being the third child in order of birth. The others are Henry C., John, ]\Iary F., and James W. John married Lee ,\nn Tucker and resides near Indianapolis. Fie has five children, Omer, Frank, John, Harry and Mar)-. ^lary F. became the wife of G. Hall Adams, and resides in Flendricks county, this state. James W. married Elvira Cowan and lives in Iowa. They are the parents of two children.

To \\'illiam H. Greene and wife. were born four children, two sons and two daughters, Joseph H., Minnie May, Sallie S. and Harry D. INIinnie May became the wife of Hansel Gray and makes her home in Tennessee. Joseph C. resides in Dillsboro. Sallie S. remains with her |)arents. Har''\ D. makes his home in Indianapolis where he is employed in the state capitol in the office of the secretary of state.

The William H. Greene family is one of the representative families of this district, honorable, upright and excellent people in every res|)ect. P>oth Mr. and ]\Irs. Green can trace their ancestry back to Colonial times, !\Irs. Greene being the great-granddaughter of a soldier of the Revolutionary War and Mr. Greene tracing back to Gen. Nathaniel Greene, of South Carolina, a general in the Revolutionary War. yir. Greene has ever enjoyed the respect and esteem of those who know him for his friendly manner, his business ability, his interest in public affairs and his upright living and he is regarded by all as one of the substantial and worthy citizens of the community in wdiich he lives.

The true glory of a city lies in the character of its citizens, and the true character of the gentleman whose name introduces this sketch stands out iti the searchlight of public opinion with a background of honor and stability of ^vhich any man might well be proud. Well supplied with a good stock of high ideals for a foundation, -which have always been followed up with a full share of energy and ambition, Mr. Bowers has not found the road to success filled with as many obstacles as he would have done had he started out in life unequipped with these splendid qualities.

Charles M. Bowers, insurance and investments. Aloores Hill, Indiana. was born on No\-ember iS, iS^o. in the city whci'e he resides. He is a son of Andrew James and Margaretie (Shockley) Bowers. ]N'Ir. Bowers was educated at Moores Hill College, after which he was for several years manager of a drug store of which his father was proprietor, and later accepted a position as special agent and adjuster for a fire insurance company, continuing in the work for ten years, ending- in 1897. ^^^^ territory covered the central states. He left this work to take charge of the district management of the ^Mutual Life Insurance Company, of New York, covering the southeast portion of Indiana, remaining with this company until 1905, and during which time he organized the first independent telephone company in this section, which is still in operation. He is the proprietor of the Alilan mill and elevator. of Milan, Indiana, one of the foremost interests of that thriving town. Mr. Bowers, with his associates, organized the State Bank of Milan, and also the Dillsboro State Bank, and later organized the ]Mo(,m"cs Hill State P.ank, all I'f which institutions have proven most useful and successful. In both of the last named banks he is a director. [Mr. Bowers is a Democrat, of which, party he has always been a loyal advocate, and is one of the board of trustees of Moores Hill College.

Andrew James Bowers, father of the subject of this sketch, was born on August 25. 182S, at Moores Hill, and was a son of Henry James and Rizpath ( Morgan) Bowers. His education was obtained at College Hill, Ohio. He was a graduate of IMiami [Medical College, and the Ohio Medical College, and later he associated himself with his father in the practice of medicine. In politics Doctor Bowers was an ardent Democrat, and in 1882 w^as elected to the Indiana Legislature, and re-elected three times, b}- a large majority in each instance. In his profession he was always w'ell in the lead, a prominent member of the County, State and National [Medical Associations. Marvelous discoveries entirely changed methods of practice in his time, but being a vigilant student. Doctor Bowers was among the first to take advantage of every forward step in both medicine and surgery. He was a member of the Baptist church and was one of the charter members of the Moores Hiil congregation. His wife was Margarette Shockley, of splendid Marylan-l pioneer parentage.

Henn- James and Rizpath (Morgan) Bowers were tlic paternal grandparents of Charles M. Bowers, and natives of Marblehead, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, respectively. They were born about 1800. Henry James Bowers was a physician. He came to Lawrenceburg in 1823, and associated iiimself with the then prominent pioneer practitioner, Doctor Percival, and in 1827 located at IMoorcs Hill. His patients scattered at long distances in the then wilderness, were visited at first principally on foot, there being then no roads worthy of the name. On securing a good saddle horse later, he rode overland to Massachusetts and brought his father, the Rev. James Bowers, an Episcopal minister, his mother and t\\-o sisters, Mary and Julia, west with him. The trip was made in the winter time, principally by sleigh to Pittsburgh, and thence do\\ n the Ohio liy primitive boat ser\-ice to Lawrenceburg. iJr. Henry J. Bowers was active in organizing Moores Hill College, and the college records show that he w^as secretary of the first meeting, held in 1S54. to perfect the organization. Doctor Bowers' influence was used to ad\antage in securing the present location of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad (then the Ohio & Mississippi) tlirough this locality, and of which company he was an original stockholder. Dr. Henry J. Bowers' residence on the eminence just west of Moores Hill station is still standing, ari'l at the time the railroad was built was reputed to be the finest dwelling along the line between Cincinnati and St. Louis. The confidence he enjrjyed of his neighbors and citizens of this locahty is shown by the record he made as their representative in the state Legislature on fi\e occasions, three times as a member of the House of Representatives and twice in the state Senate. He was also a member of the constitutional conventir)n. elected each time to represent the Democratic party. His son. Marmion H. Bowers, was editor and publisher of one of the first papers in Dearborn county, the Aurora S/^cctator. Marmion Bowers later went to Texas, where he became prominent in the legal profession and was a member of the state Senate at the time of his early death in 1871. Had he lived he would have in all probability succeeded to the LTnited States Senate, for he was in direct line for this promotion.

The daughters of the Rev. James Bowers were the first teachers in the public schools in Dearborn county, away back about 1829. Mary Bowers later married Zebulon Pike Wardell, a nephew of General Pike, the famous explorer to whose memor}^ the famous Colorado snow-capped peak stands as a monument. Mr. and Mrs. W^ardell went to Louisiana, w'here a prosperous banking business was engaged in prior to the Civil War. IMrs. Wardell met a tragic dealli at the advanced age of eighty-se\'cn years, wlien tlie stcjiniboat, "Oliver Bierne," was destrii\ed by fire on the [Mississippi river, near Vicksbnrg, in Octol.icr. 1891. Siie \vas a passenger en route from St. Louis to New Orleans, \\'hcre she had been going' ever\" fall to spend the winter. Mrs. W'ardell had retained her faculties wonderfull}- and. her wide-awake interest in the current literature of the da_\-, together with almost incessant tra'>-- el.made her a chamrlng companidu and associate. Tall, straight anrl of queenly bearing, an interested and shrewd oljserver, few persons since time began ever saw more marvelous changes than this remarkable woman who taught the first public school in Dearborn county. "Down in Cincinnati, where they burn spermaceti candles" was a popular saying current in her early days.

Charles ]\I. Bowers was married on October 7, 1884, to Flora A. Crozier. daughter of the Hon. John Crozier and Angeline (AA'ilson) Crozier, an old family prominent in Dearljorn count}-. To this union were born two children, Millard A. and Florence A., both of whom have been educated at }i[oores Hill College.

[Millard A. Bo\\ers, of the firm of C. M. Bowers & Son, is the active manager of the "Crystal Springs" farms in both Dearborn and Ripley counties. A herd of royally-bred Holstein-Friesian cattle is one of the features of these productive properties.

Like the past three generations briefly sketched above, the present representatives of this old and honorable family are always foremost in every good work to unselfishly promote the public weal.

The gentleman whose name introduces this sketch springs from the class of our pioneer citizens who were not too proud to do the work which first came to their hands. It is from this class that our substantial families have been built up in America, and James Loftus may well be proud to call himself a descendant of such.

James Loftus was born on ]May 23, 1857, in Dearborn county, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Phoena) Loftus. Lie received his early education in the public schools, and later attended ]Moores Hill College. After leaving school, he went to Minnesota for a short time, and returned to take charge of his father's farm, remaining there until eight years after his marriage,

\\hen he bouglit a tract of one hundred acres, which he improved with o-ood liuildings, including- a blacksmith shop, which he still operates. He later bought sixty acres more, and now has one of the finest farms in the townsliiiJ. Mr. Loftus has always given his support to the Republican party, and is a member of the Ivlethodist Episcopal church. He belongs to the Knights of I'ythias, of which he is past grand chancellor.

John Loftus was born in 1S27, in Ireland, and at the age of twenty-one years came to the United Stales, landing at New Orleans in May, 1848, and from there he went to Cincinnati and engaged his ser\ ices as a coachman for a short time, and then came to .Aurora, where he followed the same vocation until 1865, when he bought one hundred and fifty-five acres of land in Sparta township, on which he lived until his death, in Septembier, 1903, at the age of sevent_\'-s).K years. !Mr. Loftus was a Democrat, and he belonged to the Catholic church. His parents were William and Catherine (Collins) Loftus. His wife, Elizabeth (Phoena) Loftus, was born in Dublin, Ireland, and came to America as a young woman, settling at Aurora, where she was married. They were the parents of four children, John. Jan)es, Thomas, and Patrick. Mrs. Loftus had one son by her first Inisband, Michael H. Pleffrein. John Loftus was married to Hattie Crosby, and lives at Versailles, Indiana. They ha\-e three children, Grace, Joseph and ]\lartin. Thomas was married to Ada James, and makes his home at Lexington, Indiana, where he is one of the wealthiest citizens. Patrick married Nettie Scribner, and mrived to Hamilton, Ohio. They have had four children. Raymond, Inez, Arthur, and one who died early in life. ^lichael PI. Hciffrein is married and lives at Denver, Colorado.

William and Catherine (Collins) Loftus were natives of Ireland. They came to America and settled at Cincinnati, where they died, leaving six children, Patrick. Americus, Tliomas, William, ]\Iary, and John.

James Loftus was united in marriage on February 23, 1S88, to ]\Iary Sliuman, daughter of John and Alartha Ann (Thompson) Shuman. She was born on September 27. 1861, near Dillsboro. and when young, was employed in the home of W. S. Tyier, of Dillsboro, until her marriage. To this union were born four children, as follow : Leroy, born on December 6, 1888, at Dillsboro; Edna E., September 17, 1891, died when seventeen years old; Albert J., July 20, 1S93; Lester D., September 20, 1903, and died on October 3, 1903.

John Shmiian, father of Mrs. James Loftus, was born at Aurora, and his wife, Martha Ann (Thompson) Shuman, was a native of Chesterville. Mr. Shuman lived in Sparta township all of his life, where he farmed during the (47) sumnier months, and taught sclmol in the winter. Air. and Mrs. Shunian were the parents of fnc children, namely: .Vlbert J., who married Anna A. Wheeler, i.s living- at Dillsboro, anil has tv.'o children, Cordis S. and Ernest; I^ura E., who became the wife of William Peck, lives at Price Hill, Cincinnati, and has five children, P.ertha AI., Armor S., Charles W., Clarabelle, and Raymond.

Mr. L'>ftus is a prosperous and well-respected citizen of the community in which he li\'es. ?Iis thrifty and industrious habits have set an excellent example for many of his tovvusmen.

Louis M. Eoulk

Loin's ]\L Foulk was born on April 23, 1829, in Ohio, and was a son of Aaron and Xancy (Smith) Foulk. He was reared in Lidiana, and Iowa, and received his schooling principallx in Iowa. He grew up as a farmer boy, and when a young man, returned frcrni Iowa to Aurora, and engaged in the grocery commission, and pork-packing business for a number of years.

Aaron and Xancy ( Smitli) Foulk, parents of the immediate subject of tiiis sketch were nati\es of Ohio. They were farmers and early settlers in Dctrbom county. They li^-ed on H(>lmans Hill, in Center township, and were both members of the Baptist church. r^Irs. Foulk died while still a young woman, leaving four children, Esau, Caroline, Xancy and Louis. Mr. Foulk was afterward married to Eliza Holman, and this union was blessed with four children also, Lucinda, Elizabeth, Holman and Richard. Aaron Foulk and his wife moved to Pella, Iowa, where Mrs. Foulk died. Mr. Foulk returned to AiuDra, and died here when middle aged.

Louis AT. Foulk was united in marriage, X'ovember 26. 1S56, with Alta M. Squibb, daughter of Robert and Eliza (Cummins) Squibb. She was born on April 20. 1S36, on Laughery_ creek. Dearborn county, Indiana. This union has been blessed with six children, Myra, Robert, George, Rosa, Louis and Fannie. ]\Iyra Foulk became the wife of W. V. A\'ebber, who died December 2, 1914. She resides at Aurora and has two children, Louis, and William. Roljert died in infancy. George was a bookkeeper, and died single, in 1902. Rosa was married to Frank Holman and lived at York, Alabama. She died at Aurora while on a visit, leaving four children, Fannie, Marie, ^ilar- jorie, Frank L. and Robert. Louis is single, and is a iiartner of W. P. S(|uil)b & Company, distillers, of Lawrenceburg. Fannie is at home with her mother.

Robert and Eliza Squilib, parents of Mrs. Louis M. Foulk, were natives of Cayuga, Xew York, and early settlers in Ohio c<junty, Lidiana. moving later to Aurora. In 1846 they made a trip down the Ohio ri\-er to Cairo. Illinois, which place did not please them as a permanent hcimo and thev returned immediately to Aurora, where Mr. Squibl) lost his life in an accident l)y the bursting of a cannon at the celebration of the opening of the Ohio & Mississipppi railway. }lis wife survi\-ed him and died about 1890, aged eighty-one years. The\' were the parents of three children. William P., George W. and Alta M.

The paternal grandfather of ]\Irs. Foulk was Enoch Squibb, and his wife was Ja-ne (Packington) Squibb, both natives of Xew York state, and early settlers in Ohio county, Indiana, where they died. Their children were, Xathaniel, \A"illiam. Rachel, Ednnnul, George, and Jatie.

The maternal grandfather of ]vlrs. Finilk was Gideon Cummins, and his wife was Eunice (Ellis) Cummins, both natives of Xew York state, and pioneers in Ohio county, Indiana. ]Mr. Cummins died in Ripley county at an old age. They had four children, Josiah, Gideon, Eliza and Effie.

Mrs. Axxa Smith Coxaway

The following is a short biograph.ical sketch oi one of the worthv women of Dillsboro, Dearborn county, Indiana. ]\Irs. Anna Smith Conaway, daughter of X'athan Smith and widow of Robert Conaway, combining something of the genealogy of the two families mentioned.

Anna Smith was a native of Dillsbon.i, born on December 10, 1854, a daughter of X'athan and Sarah (Powell) Smith. When a young man Xathan Smith came ti"* Dill^lloro, where he passed the remaining rears of his life. He was engaged in a stcjck trading business in which he was faif'ly successful. Fie died in 1861 when in middle age, having for many years been a faithful member of the Presbyterian church. Sarah I^jwell, m^ither of the immediate subject of this sketch, was Imrn at Rising Sun. in 1820, and became the mother of six children. nainel_\- : Harriet. Emily. Henry (who died at the front during the Civil War), Rebecca, Anna and John, Harriet; married Jolin M. Hoover, of Dillsboro, to whom were born three children, Minnie, Frank and Ada ]May: the two eldest of whom died in childhood and Ada Afay became the wife of Will Stewart, of Goodland, Indiana. Emily married James Abbott, of Dillsboro, and to that union were bOrn four children, Oran, Lois. Charles and Roy ; Lois is married, being the wife of Robert Thair, of Cincinnati, and the mother of one child. Duret. Rebecca married Scott Misner and became the mother of three children; Maggie, Lawrence and Ethel; of whom [Maggie became the wife of Will Shisler and has twri children, Dorcas and Lawrence ; Lawrence chose Vina McGranihan as his wife, and Ethel married Carl Decker, and is the mother of four children, Charles, Chester. Elizabeth and another. John married Alice Smith, of Dillsbiiro, and their marriage is without issue.

Anna Smith became the wife of Robert Gonaway, a son of Hamilton and Harriet ^Lemons) Conaway, the former of whom was boni in Laugliery, this county, where he passed his entire life. He read law when a young man and ga^'e more or less time to his profession in addition to his duties as a farmer. He lived to be past seventy years of age. Robert Conaway was bom in Laughery on January i6, 184S, and passed his entire life in that community. He gave his attention to farming, stock raising and shipping live stock, and was one of the highly respected and successful men of that section. A faithful member of the Presbyterian church and one of the stanch supporters of the Deiuocratic party, he was a man of much good influence in the community. His death occurred on July 7, 1909, leaving, besides his widow, five children, namely: Elizabeth, Hamilton, Eliza, Harriet and Hany. Elizabeth became the wife of J. AI. ]McKim, of Coles Comer. Hamilton, who has been married, now lives at home with his mother. Eliza is the \\\ie of Joseph Ake ^ilunster, of Indianapolis, and the mother of three children, Elizabeth, Dorothy and Marie. Harriett became the wife of Edward Licking of Cincinnati, and has one child, Estal. Mr. Licking is connected with the internal revenue service at Cincinnati. Harry, the youngest of the family, remains at home with the mother.

Mrs. Conaway is regarded as one of the excellent women of the community, and quietl}' discharges her duties and responsibilities in a most efficient manner. For forty years she lived on the family homestead and since the death of her husband has taken up her residence in Dillsboro, where she found a warm welcome from a large circle of friends.

\\'oman's life is lived within the home circle, where there is rarely anvthing of a spectacular nature to record, but there are constantly being made

Upon lier fortitude and strength of character such demands as fall tri man's l(-)t in the outer world, so when it can be said of a woman that she has ahlv discharged her duties as wife and mother, much has been said and much credit and praise are hers.

Charles R. Lieberman. '

The biographer' with pleasure calls attention to a few of the salient points in the career of Charles R. Lieberman, well-known retail meat merchant of Dillsboro, Clay township. Dearborn county, Indiana. Mr. Liclicrnian is a Swiss by birth, ha\'ing first seen the light of day in the rcpuMic of Switzerland on .-Viiril 7, 1S66. He is one of two sons of Joseph ¥. and Odela (Geiscr) Lieberman, the other being Erancis Joseph. Both parents were Swiss natives and passed their entire lives in their own country. Joseph F. operated a large flour-mill beside a turbulent little mountain stream which had been handed down to him b\' his parents, Ferdinand and Julia (von Hess) Lieberman.

Charles R. Lieberman came to this countrv when still a voung man and pursued his education in the city of Cincinnati. After a short time in the I'nited States, he returned to his native land and there finished his education. \vhcreupon he again came tn Cincinnati and secured employment in one of Iier leading packing houses. He followed this line of work in many of the larger cities of the country and later purchased an interest in a packing establishment located at Springfield, Ohio. After a time he again went to Cincinnati and engaged in the retail butcher supply business and in 1905 came to Dillsboro and opened u[> a retail meat market shop in the Aiasonic building. He is now located at the '"flatiron" corner, where he has been for some years.

Charles H. Lieberman was married in 1900, to Sophia Xiester. a daughter of A. F. and ^Nfaria (Ehlers) Xiester, of Dillsboro. the former the wellknown harness anrl shoe dealer. To Mr. and Mrs. Liel.K;rman ha\-e been born two children. Otto C. and Olga, both of whom are attending school in Dillsboro.

Air. Liebemian holds his fraternal affiliations with the ancient order of f'ree and Accepted Masons, and also with the Knights of Pythias, through tlie local lodges in Dillsboro. His political support he gives to the Republican l>arty and while not a seeker after office for himself, he is known as one of the influential men of the party in this section an<i his approval is earnestly sought by those who care for the honor of public office. Mr. Lieberman is a man of agTOcahle ]>erri')iiality and a most interesting conversationalist. IKhas crossed the ocean seven times and has traveled all over Europe from the ]\Iediterranean to the iiorth of Sweden, and lieing a clcsc observer of affairs and an excellent student of human nature, his society is found most delightful by those interested in places and men outside of tlieir own coimtry. Snce coming to this community, Air. Liclierman has won the friendship of the best people throughout tliis section and their high regard he retains liy virtue of his sterling riualities of heart and mind. He is wide awake to the best interests of his adopted home and any plan for the advancement of community interests finds in him a warm supporter.

Robert H. Chance

It is especially fitting that the following biographical sketch should appear in a volume of the character of the one in hand for two reasons; first, because the Chance family is one of the very oldest in this section and has been identified with local affairs since its earliest histor}- ; and, second, because the immediate subject of this sketch was one of the faithful sons of the Union who donned the blue in the dark days of the sixties and helped preserve the integrity of the nation.

Robert H. Chance was born in Sparta township. Dearborn county, Indiana, on February 26, 18-J4, being a son of Robert and Anna M. (Champion) Chance. Robert in his turn was a son of John and Polly Chance, who were boni in Pennsylvania, where they grew up and married, and later brought their family into the wilderness which is now the great and beautiful state of Indiana. They secured from the government a tract of one hundred and sixty acres of land, -which they in time cleared, and on which their family was reared. In spite of the many years of hardship as pjioneers in a new land, both li\-ed to a good old age. John Chance was a Whig, and he took an active part in the early affairs of this section. There were twelve children in their family, one dying in infancy. The others were: Tom, Jesse, Robert, Parry, Jackson-, John, Pliram, Mary, Hettie, Lucinda and Lizzie.

Robert Chance was born in Pennsylvania and upon the family coming westward, he stopped in Cincinnati at a time when there were but four or five log houses in the little river settlement. Pie then came to Sparta township, where his education was obtained in the early subscription schools of the neighborhood, and in that township he spent the remainder of his life, passing away wlien eiglity-tive years of age. Robert Chance was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, .\fter tlie formation n[ the Reinil)hcan party he became one of its stanch supporter,s. His wife. Anna M. Champion, w;is l)Orn in tlie state of New Jersey and was bmuglit to Dearborn county in earl\- cliibh hood by her parents.

Robert H. Chance, immediate suliject of this sketch, was one of a family of nine children, namely: ^laiy Jane, Wesley, Phoebe, Catherine, Robert H., Joseph, Isabelle, Leven I', and Frank. Robert remained at h.onie with his parents, receiving his education in the early schools of Sparta township and when but seventeen years of age, fired with patriotism over the causes which threatened to disrupt the Nation, he enlisted for service with Companv .\, Se\'enth Regiment, Indiana A'olunteer Infantr_\-, and for the ne.xt three years was in many of the hardest fought battles of the war. He was at Winchester, .Antietam, Fredericksbiu-g. Chancellorsville, the A\'ilderness, Petersburg, Gettysburg, Slaughter ^Mountain, besides many lesser engagements and skinnishes. He served as a non-commissioned officer through the greater part of his enlistment.

x^fter the expiration of his term cif service, Robert H. Chance returned to his home and purchased a tract of forty acres of land in Sparta township for which he paid nine hundred dollars. There he resided for three years, when he traded it for a seventy-acre tract nearby, which he farmed two years and then sold, buying one hundred and twenty-four acres in Sparta township, which he farmed for twelve years, at that time retiring from the active affairs of life.

Robert PI. Chance's marriage occurred on September 23, 1S66, wh.en he was united in matrimony with Sadie ]\I. Baker, daughter of E. W. and Margaret A. (Hennigan) Baker of Washington township, this county. Mr. Baker was born and passed his entire life in Dearborn count}-, being engaged in agriculture during all his active years. He passed away in 1903, at the advanced age of eighty-four years. Mrs. Baker also lived to a ripe old age, her death occurring on December 13, 1907, when in her eighty-third \ear. Thev were the parents of ten children, namely: Angeline, Harlow, Sadie, Louis, Ella, Mary, Dolly, Hattie, Ulla and Carrie. Sadie (Mrs. Cliance) received her education in the schools of Washington township. Dearborn county, and has passed her entire life here. To ]Mr. and ]\Irs. Chance ha\-e been horn three children, Cora, Ida and Alta. Cora is the wife of George W. Turner, of Sparta township, and is the mother of two children, Robert and Grace. Ida is Mrs. W. Eckstein and has one child, Frieda. Alta, the youngest of the family, remains with the parents.

Mr. Chance holds his religious membership with the Presbyterian church of Dillsboro and his fraternal affiliation witli tlic ancient order of Free and Accepted Alasons, the Knights of Pythias, and William Spear Post, No. 89, Grand Army of the Republic, at Dillsboro. In politics, he is a firm supporter of the Republican party, keenly interested in all affairs pertaining thereto. Jkli". Chance is a man of progressive tendencies and enterprising spirit, who has a host of friends in the community where he has passed almost his entire life.

George H. Lewis

The Lewis family came to this country from \\'ales. The fath.er of George H. Lewis died soon after reaching this country. He had two brothers Richard and Charles, who served in the Civil War. Richard was killed in the ser\-ice and Charles died in Andersonvillc prison. Although born in Wales, George H. Lewis learned the miller's trade at London, Canada, having migrated to that country with his mother after the death of his father. Mr. Lewis has been engaged in the milling business all his life, and has never lo^t a day's time, except on account of sickness. Mr. Lewis was engaged in th:- milling business at several places in Canada, in Ohio and in Pennsylvania before finallv locating- at Lawrenceburg, this county. Pie is now the vicepresident and general manager of the Lawrenceburg Roller Mills Company.

George H. Lewis was born in Oswestry, Wales, on ]\[arch 23, 1S66. the son of George and Rebecca (Thomas) Leuis, both natives of Wales. They had two sons and two daughters. One son, George, died in infancy and one daughter, Sarah, died at the age of five years. Elizabeth, the other daughter, married \\'illiam Watson, of Oil Springs, Ontario, Canada, and George H. is the subject of this sketch.

The elder Lewis was reared in a railroad office at Oswestry, Wales, and followed railroading for some years. He came- to America in 1S68, and located near Rockford, Illinois, dying soon after locating there of typhoid fever. His widow sun-dved him for many years and died in 1S97, at the age of sixty-three. They were members of the Methodist church, and he was a Methodist lay preacher and rode a circuit.

George H. Lewis's paternal grandfather and his wife died in Wales. They had three sons and one daughter who came to America, two of these sons, Richard and Charles, having served in the Civil War, as noted above. ]\Ir. Lewis's maternal grandparents spent all their lives in Wales, the grand- fatlicr having been a coiilractor. He died at tlie age of about sixty and hii wife at the age of sixty-three. They were the parents of the following children: i\Iary, Sarah, John. Andrew, George, Stephen and Rebecca.

George H. Lewis was reared until he was five years old in Cleveland, Ohio. He then went to Canada with his mother and sister and there grevv' ti) nianhiiod in London. He attended the public schools in London, Canada, and li\ed on a farm near that city until sixteen years of age, when he began to learn the miller's trade. From London he removed to Park Hill, Canada, and after being there a short time removed to Strattero}-, thence returned to Cleveland, Ohio. After being there some years, engaged with the National Milling Company, Mr. Lewis removed to Pittsljurgh, where he was engaged in the milling business for seven years. From Pittsburgh he went to Akron, Ohio, and then returned to Pittsburgh for a year. On September 20, 1900, Mr. Lewis moved to Lawrenceburg, this county, and became superintendent of the manufacturing department of the Lawrenceburg Roller Mills Company. Later he was made secretary and manager of this company and was then elected vice-president and general manager of the concern, which responsible jiosition he now holds. In the meantime he had bought out the interest of Mr. Pdaney. of Boston.

The Lawrenceburg Roller Mills Company was organized in 1896 and was incorporated the following year with a capital of thousand dollars, this capital later beir.g increased to one hundred thousand dollari. The present officers of the company are B. J. Rothwell, of Boston, president : Ci. H. Lewis, vice-president; L. S. Brown, of Boston, treasurer. The capacity of the mill is eighteen hundred barrels a day. and the storage capacity for grain is five hundred and fifty thousand bushels. Tiie company ships its gf'ods to all parts of the world, except the Orient, and does business in all European ports and in South America, also carrying on a large domestic trade in the East and Southeast. The company employs sixty-five people, the earnings of these people feeding about two hundred and fifty mouths in th.c cit_\ of Lawrenceburg. The annual pay roll is about fifty thousand dollars a year.

On December 17, 1S88, George IL Lewis was married to Xeftie Schonemyer. who was born on October 28, 1866, daughter of Frederick Ernest and Elizabeth Schonemyer. One son, born to this union, died in 1911, at the age of twenty-one. He attended Purdue L'niversity for three years, and then associated himself with the Bullock Electric .Company, of Cincinnati, later becoming associated with the Western Electric Company, near Chicago. Mrs. Nettie Lewis died in 1895, at the age of twenty-nine, and on June 7,

1905, Air. Lewis married, secoiully. Edna J. Gi\an. who was born in I'eler ;- burg. Kentucky, daughter of Sanford and EHzalieth (Riddell) Givan, nati\'ei of that state. Sanford divan was postnijister of Aurora, this county, and lat;.-,- became connected with t!ie Ohiii Loan Association, as api)raiser. He is deceased, but his widow is still living. They were the parents of three children, Florence, J'aul and Edna J.

Mrs. Lewis is a member of the Christian church, and Air. Lewis is a member of the Methodist church. He belongs to McKinley Lodge Xo. 31 8, Free and Accepted Alasons. and is a Rei)ublican in politics. lie was vicepresident of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce for two years. During t!ie flood of 1913 he was treasurer of the flood committee for relief at Lawrenceburg, lie was also appointed special- rei)resentati\-e of the Red Cross wiih power to act.

Mr. Lewis is an expert miller, understanding thoroughly not only tlie manufacturing end of the business, but the business end as well, having followed the business since he was a boy si.xteen years old. It may proper!)- be said that the remarkable success of the Lawrenceburg Roller Alills Company diu-ing the jjast fifteen years is due largel}- to Air. Lewis's efforts. He not only believes in his business, but is a born optimist, enthusiastically devoted to e\ery phase and every detail of the enterprise with which he is so prominently connected.

It is with pleasure the biographer calls attention to a short sketch of the life of Airs. Emily b'lizabeth W^alkcr, one of the worthy and respected matrons of Clay ti:)wnship. Dearborn count}', Indiana, combining a brief history of her own and her husband's people.

Mrs. Walker is a native of Dearborn county, born on December 8, 1841, a daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Jones) Hubbartt, the former also a native of this county and the latter born at Alilford, Ohio, in August of 182 1. Thomas Hubbartt first saw the Hght of day in i8j2 and received his educaton in the early schools of his native county. After his school days were over, he turned his attention to farming and gave his acti\'e years to that occupation in addition to following the carpenter trade. Flis entire life was passed in Dearborn county. To Thotnas IliiljbarU and wife \v;is born a family of nine cliildrcn. namely; Emily, George, Jolin. X'ancv, Louisa. I'Vaucis, James, ^Morion, and one child who died in infancy.

Mrs. Wall^er's paternal grandjDarents were James and Xancy Ilubliartt both of wlmm were natives of Xorlli Carolina and eai'Iv in their married life they came into Dearborn count}-, locating- near ?vJount 'J'afjor. They later ni' ived to the little settlement on White ri\er in the central ijortimi of the state, where the city of Indianapolis now stands, but called at that lime Xew I'urchase. There they lived the remainder of their lives. James attaining the unusual age of one hundred and seven years. They were the parents of se\-en children : Charles, Solomon, Janies, George. Betsey, Jane and Thomas.

Emily Elizabeth Walker received her education in the common schools of Sparta township, near her childhor)d home and remained with her parents until the time of her marriage on January 23, 1S62, to Thon.ias James Walker, son of Rdbert and Theodosia (Cook) Walker. Roljcrt Walker was a nati\-e of Ireland and immigrated to this country when a yoinig man and finallydrifted to Dearborn county, locatiiig on a farm near [Mount Tabor, lie later remo\-ed to Wilmington and still later took up his residence on a farni on Hogan creek, where he passed his remaining da}-s. His death occin-red in August of 1865, at the age of eighty-four years. Theodosia. his wife, was born at I^wrenceburg. receiving her education in the schools of that town. To them were born iiine children; S}-l\'ester, John, William, Thomas, Jane, Eliza, ^latilda, Catherine and Sarah.

Thomas James Walker was born on December _|, 1831, while his parents were living in [Mount Tabor and he received his edtication in the schools near his home. Inimediately after completing his education he went to the Ohio ri\-er and for the following ten years worked on boats plying its waters. He then returned home and farmed the family homestead until the time of his marriage, when he purchased fifty-two acres in Clay township and settled down there. He later purchased one hundred and fifty-five acres adjoining which he farmed for some time, later on disposing of frjrt_\- acres, but retaining and managing the balance. In addition to his farm home, he owns a house and three lots in Dillsboro and has in the course of his labors accjuired a pleasing competency.

Mr. and Mrs. Walker are the parents of thirteen children, namely : Alice, Anna, Olive, George, John, Gilbert, Carrie, May, Evcritt, Lee, Walter, Kate, and Xora, who died when young. Alice, the eldest, became the wife of John Jewett and the mother of six children, Thomas. Cecil, Emma, Charles, John and Walker. Anna married Columbus Rowland and had five children, Ethel,

Harry Bessie and two dead. Olive became the wife of Thomas Radley. George married Nellie Siiicoe. John chose Daisy Gray as his wife. Carrie married Harry AIcKnight and has one child, Esther. Everitt married Nellie Everitt. W'alter married Bessie Siemental and has three children, Carroll, Adeline and Tilford.

Airs. Walker is a devout member of the Methodist Episcopal church and in that faith has reared her excellent family. This family is regarded as one of the best families of the community, the various members being held in high esteem throughout this section. Air. Walker gives his support to the Democratic party and is interested in all questions of public welfare. He is accounted as most properly as among the substantial citizens of this community.

Hexrv Pieper

In the respect that is accorded to men who have fought their own wav to success through unfavorable environment, we find an unconscious recognition of the intrinsic worth of the character which, cannot only endure so rough a test, but gain new strength through the discipline. The gentleman whose name appears above was not favored in his early life with inherited wealth or the influence of successful friends, but in spite of this, he has attained a comfortable station in life, making his influence felt for the good of the community life of Dillsboro, where he has long resided. Because of his honorable career and because also he is numbered among those patriotic sons of the North, who assisted in saving the Union's integrity in the darkdays of the si.xties. he- is eminently worthy of a place in this book.

Henr>", Pieper, the subject of this sketch, was born in Hanover, Germany, on January 20, 1839, son of Francis H. arid Anna Alary (Schnitker) Pieper. Francis H. \vas also a native of Hanover, born there in 1797. He was fox many years a farmer and carpenter in his native land and then immigrated to America when the subject of this sketch was a small child. He located first in Cincinnati, where he worked at his trade and then, in 1845, he came to Dearborn county and secured work on a farm. He managed in this way for a few years and then, in 1851, he moved to Switzerland county and bought a farm of forty acres, costing him two hundred dollars. This was practically unimproved, the only effort in that line being the little log house on the tract. In 1866 he moved to Farmers Retreat, Caesar Creek township. purchasing at that place a farm of one hundred and four acres, which cost liini twenty-seven hinidred dollars. He carried on general farming and lived there a number of years. He passed away in the spring of 1S79, at the age of eighty-two }-ears. He was a devout member of the I.ulheran church, and after the birth of the Republican party in 1856 he endorsed its principles for the balance of his life. There were four children in his family," Henry, the immediate subject of this sketch, being the third child in order i.if Ijirth. The eldest was Caroline Olrs. Opp). now deceased. She v.as the m<;ither of twel\-e children, W'illiaiu, ^lary (deceased), Amelia (deceased"), Lizzie, George, Frank, Fred. Anna. Carrie (deceased) ; all these grew to maturity. There were three who died in infancy, Charley, Henry and Eliza. }*[innie. now deceased, the second daughter of the family, is the wife of Henry \A'ortman and the mother of nine children, Elizabeth, William, John, George, Catherine, Loui.sa. Carrie, Mary and Henry. Fred, the younge-^t of tlie family, died at Dillsboro on April 8, 1914, leaving his widow and ten children, Frank, Minnie, Anna, William (deceased), Carrie, John, Dora, Agnes, Jessie and Alfred.

The mother of Henry Pieper, Anna Mary Schnitker, was born in Hanover, Germany, in the year iSoo, and died in the spring of 18S2. Both of her parents remained in their native land and died there when about sixt}'- five years of age. There were but two children in their family, Anna M. and a brother, Casper Henry Schnitker, who also remained in Germany all his life, where he was a farmer.

Henry Pieper was but a small child when he was brought to this country by his parents and after they located in this country, he attended the early schools near his home. In 1861, when just of age, he made his first business venture. This was the purchase of a farm of forty acres located in Switzerland county, for which he paid the sum of si.x hundred dollars. It was partly cleared and he set ab'.uit clearing the balance and putting the entire tract into an excellent state of cultivation, \^'hen he had succeeded in doing this, he purchased a tract of forty acres adjoining, for which he paid eleven hundred dollars. That was almost entirely cleared and he fanned this land until 1876, when he disposed of it and moved to Ripley county. There he purchased a farm of one hundred and twenty acres, for which he paid twentyfour hundred dollars, and this he retained until 1909. In 1882 he added forty additional acres to his original holdings in Ripley county, the latter tract costing him one thousand dollars and at that time he began to be interested in the raising of fancy live stock.

He retired from the exacting duties of a farmer in 1895 '^''''i moved to Dillsboro and there the following year, in company with his son, Henry

Smith, he opened up the hardware business, which they still run. He has from the first succeeded well in this undertaking;" and all who e\'er knew him have the utmost confidence in him.

Henry Pieper was united in marriage with Louisa Brocksieker, Lorn in Ripley county, a daughter of Henry and Anna ^lary fBurman) Brocksieker, both of \vh(un were Imrn in Germany. Thev came to tliis countr\- in 1843 and located in this county, wliere fi^ir a number of years the_\- farmed and where both died.

To Mr. and Mrs. Piejier were born two children, Anna ^Iar\- and I'rederick. who died in infancy. Anna Mary was burn on April :ig. 1S67, and received her education in the public schools of Ripley county. She was uniterl in marriage with Henr}- Smith on IMarch 10, 1S87.

J. Henry Smith was born in Ripley county on April iS, 1861, a son of John F. and Louisa (Lousa) Smith, Ixith of wlKmi were natives of the German empire. To Henry and Auna Mary (Pie])er) Smith was born one son, Harry LVederick, wlm first saw the light of day on March 2\. 1888, and recei\'ecl his education in the schools of Ripley and Dearborn cf)unties.

Special mention is du.e Mr. Piejier in \iew of the fact that, alth(~)ugh not a native-born son of our countr\', he pro\-ed himself as loyal as anv when the integxity of the Nation was at stake, and served tliree years with the "'bo-.s in blue." Pie enlisted early in the beginning of hostilities, being a private in Company A, Seventh Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantrv, and was in some of the heaviest engagements of the war. .\mong them were the battles of A\'inchester (Virginia), Fnrt Repuldic, Bull Run, South Mountain (Maryland), Antietam. Fredericksburg, Mine Run, the Wilderness, and others. He was especially fortunate to see so much active service am! escape without serious wounds. In prilitics ?»Ir. Pieper is a stanch Republican and lias rdways been active in those ranks. While living in Switzerland county he served as township assessor for four years (from 186S to 1872) and in Ripley county he was a county commissioner (from 1S81 to 1S84) and since becoming a resident of Dillsboro, he has been a member of the cit\- co'uicil. His religious membership is held in the Lutheran church, of which he is a faithful member, and his fraternal affiliation is with the Knights of Pvt'iias and the Grand Amiy of the Republic through the local organizations at Dillsboro. Mr. I'ieper is a most. agreeable con\'ersationalist. He has tra\tled extensively throughout the United States and is also cimsideraljle of a reader and stuf'ent of human nature. He is a man of strong personal qualities and easi!}- makes friends and retains them. He has earned for himself a place of prominence among the enterprising men of the county.

James N. Hooper. '. ' , '

James N. Hooper, senior member of the firm of J. N. Hooper iS: S<ui, dealers in hardware, etc., of Dillsboro, Dearborn county, Indiana, needs no introduction to the residents of this count}- in general as he is among its most respected and Ijest-known citizens. However, there may be some interesting point of genealog-v, or some struggle or accomplishment not generalK- kinnvn and which will add to the high respect and confidence in wh.ich he is held. therefore, it is hoped that in perusing the following lines. <kHlicatctl to the subject of this re\ie\v. some new idea may present itself even ti^ thc/se who know and like him best.

James N. Hooper is a native of the Hoosier state, born in Hamilton county, November 26. 1858. being a son of William and Miramla (C'.iance) Hooper. William Hoojjer was born in Ru^h county, this state, (jn August 4, 1837, and divided his tiijie between conducting the work of his farm home and preaching for the church of his choice, that branch (if the Piaptist ch.urch known as the Primitive Baptists. \\'illiam Hooper was a man of slrong convictions and because of the love he held for his church and the appeal it made to him, he went from otic pi;)int to another thnjughout Indiana and llliimi^, preaching as he went. His liome church was tliat societv kmiwn as the "Antioch" church in Poone county, and that he made his headf|uarters. He never anv salary- for his services, that being against his principles, and supported himself and family by the lalwr of his own hands and gifts received from admiring friends in the church. He died in Feljruary, 1913. at the age of seveiity-five years. He had fought a good fight, being willing to live in a way of which most men would rapidly tire, because his convictions prompted him tn do so. For many }ears lie was an earnest ad\-ocate of the principk-s of th.e Democratic part}-, although having \-ery little time to devote to that question.

William Hooper was a son of James Hooper, whose wife was a >.[iss Baker, both born near Fayetteville, Xnrth Carolina, where they were farmers. The}' left their nati\e state, going into Tennessee, where tliey reniained but a short time, when they came on to the Hoosier state, settling first in Rush county. From there they went to Hamilton county, then to Boone county, and finally located in A\'ilson county, Kansas, where he died in 1906. a \ery old man. The entire journey from their home in Xorth Carolina to this state was accomplished by a slow-going ox team and he also drove the entire distance to Kansas, however employing horses on that journe}-. He too was a Democrat, although taking no [larticular interest in politics. James Hooper was thrice married. By his first wife he had fcmr children, W'ilhani, Martha, James K. and Nancy. By the seci.uid wife he became tlie father of two daughters, Adella and Ella. By the third wife he had three children, Anna, George and Charles.

Miranda Chance, mother of the immediate subject of this sketch, was a daughter of Jonathan and Hannah (Clearwater) Chance, both natives of Ohio, who came early in tlieir married life to tins state and settled near Eagletown, where for many years they were farmers and where both passed the remainder of their days. They were the parents of four daughters and two sons, Jonathan and Ellis.

The subject of this sketch is one of a family of nine children, two of whom died in earl_\- infancy. The others are Alice, ]\Iaggie, William X., Ernest Burdett, Izora Ellen, John J. James X. was the eldest of this family. He received his early edncation in the common schools of Hamilton and Boone counties, this state, and in the winter of 1879-S0 he had charge of a rural school in the latter count}-. The following: year he attended Moores Hill College, taking the normal course at that institution and from that time on until the winter of 1893 ^^^ made it his custom to teach school in the winter and in the vacation periods to follow iiis trade, that of a carpenter. In 1S95 he took up his residence on a farm and from that time on to 1909 he gave his attention to agricultural work. He moved to Dillsboro in 1909 and purchased the hardware business owned b)- H. H. Brow, which he still operates in partnership with his son.

James N. Hooper was married on August 9. 1S82, to Clara B. Wright, and they staiied to housekeeping in Cochran, this county. ^Irs. Blooper is a daughter of Henry F. Wright and Caroline (Buffington) W^right, the former a native of this countv, born in Washington township. His father was a farmer and after living for a short time on another farm in the vicinity he returned to the old homestead. There were thirteen children born to the parents of Henry F. Wright, as follow: John, Emeline, George, Henry F., Comfort, David, Charity, Marguerite, Benjamin and others who died in infancy.

Henry F. Wright, who died at the age of thirty-eight years while a* the front during the Civil W'ar, was a man actively concerned in all the best interests of his home community He was well educated and was first a teacher in the school of Cochran, was active in the building of the old Ohio & Mississippi railroad and was interested in public affairs general!}'. In politics he was a Democrat. acti\'e in the ranks of his party in local affairs and his religious membership he held with the Methodist Episcopal church.

He was active in church circles and aided in huilding- the churcli of that denioniiialion at Aurora. His death occurreil in Septeniher, 1864, at Meni- ]ihis, 'I'enncssce. He enli.-ted in the hcginning of the war, being coniniissii med hentenant, was huer ad\-anced to a captaincy and for a few nn^nths pre\iiins to his death lie served \vilh the rank of major. He was first w itli the Third and later widi the Sexxnth Indiana Cavah'y, Army of the l^otomac, and -served with distinction throughout his ser\'icc. He was a son of Tra and EHzabeth TCarpenter) Wright, natives of New York and among the earliest pioneers of this cijunty. Ira Wright was a man prominent in the development of this section.

Henry F. Wright was the father of seven children, of whom Mrs. Hooper is the youngest. The others are : Harriet, now Mrs. Trister. of Lincoln. Nebraska, the mother of fi\-e children : Josiah C, the father of ''exxn children: Henrietta was the wife of a ]Mr. Fullerton, 1)oth deceased, and the parents of one son, Charles F. ; James B. and Amos ]\T. are both deceased : and Emma.

Caroline Buffington was born in this county on North Hogan creek, near Aurora, on August 4, 1828. She was the daughter of Steven and Nancy (Flake) Bulfingtc>n, the former also born on North Flogan creek. l>eing one of the first children born in this section. The family lived in one of the pioneer block hou.ses, employed by the early settlers as a protection against ruifriendly Indians. As was the custom in those early days, thev tilled the soil and cleared all the land possible. There were in that famil\' six sons and one daughter and all passed their lives near North Hogan creek, 'ihe Flake family were also pioneers of the same time, coming from the same locality There were four children in the Flake family.

James N. Hooper has for many years been active in the ranks of the Democratic party and has the distinction of being the first Democratic trustee ever elected to any office in \\'ashington township. He sen-ed as township trustee for four years, and in 1914 was elected cit_\- treasurer of Dillslj'jro. He has filled other minor offices with his part}", such as committeema.n.

James N. and Clara (Wright) Flooper are the parents of one child, a son, Orris R., who was born near Cochran, May 5, 1885. Orris R. received his elementary education in the schools of Cochran and later went to Aurora for high school work. He was a student at IMoores Hill College for a time, where he took normal training, finishing his studies there in 1905. The following two years he taught at the "Ebenezer" school near Aurora, givmg instruction in all grades from primary to the end of the common branches.

In 1907 he came to Dillsljoi'u and lor tlirte years acted as principal of the school here and also instructor in certain branches. About 1910 he became associated with his father in the hardware business, as hereinbefore stated, and in- 1914 received the appnintnient to the postmastership of Dillsboro, having successful!}- passed the civil service examination co\ering sucli office.

Orris R. Hooper was married on August i, 1905. to Alma F. Robbins. daughter of John T. and Ella R. (Trister) Robbins, the former bnrn in Rockport, this state, October 24. 1S59, and the latter born near Cochran, thi--- state, November 25, 1859. They were imited in marriage on Februar}- 2, 18S1. For many years ?ilr. Rubbins did teaming- and later was engaged in the lumber and carpentering business at Aurora. He some time since remo\ erl to Ludlow, Kentucky, where he still resides.

To Orris R. Hooper and wife have been born three sons, James Thomas. Orris Ray and John Wesley, all of whom are in school at Dillsboro. Orris R. Hooper is counted among the leading citizens of his town, where every movement for the public welfare finds in him a most earnest advocate, fie owns property there and is in e\ery wa\ identified with the progress oi the place. He is a member of the ^lethodist Episcopal church, to the sun]:)ort of which he contributes liberally, and his fraternal affiliation is held with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows through Dillsboro Lodge No. 78.

James N. Hooper and his son are representatives of the best type of Americans, the men who do things. Br>th are pleasant and agreeable to meet and are held high in the esteem of their fellow citizens and a wide circle of friends.

Ernst H. Hueseman

Among the thrifty and industrious farmers of Caesar Creek township. Ernst H. Hueseman is entitled to his full share of honor and praise as a worthy and respected citizen, and, although a young man, he is working with a determination that admits of no failure. He is a man of ability, and is cheerful in the enjoyment of his well-earned comforts.

Ernst H. Hueseman, farn^er, Dillsboro, Ca;sar Creek township. Dearborn county, was born in the township where he resides, September 20, 1S82, and is a son of Ernst H. and Caroline (Prante) Hueseman. He receivccl his education at Farmers Retreat, and after leaving school remained on the farm and assisted his father until the time of his marriage, when he bought his father's farm and started in for himself in agricultural pursuits. Mr. Huese-

Ernst II. Huesetnan, father of the subject of this sketch, was bom on February 4, 1S38, in Germany, and came to the United States with his parents, who settled in Caesar Creek township, where he was married. He linught a fine farm of ciglity acres, and followed agriculture. He later bought eighty acres more on Laughery creek, and later bought ninety acres in Oliio county, to which he added twenty acres more adjoining in Qtsar Creek township. His wife was Caroline (Prante) Hueseman, by whom he had eleven chiklren : Elizabeth (deceased), Emma, Louise, Minnie, ]\lary, Sophia, Henrv. Anna, William, Ernst and John (deceased).

Ernst H. Hueseman was united in marriage on February 23, 1905, with Alma Fischvogt. daughter of George and Caroline (Buschman) Fischvogl. of Ohio county. She was born in Pike township, Ohio county, Indiana, November 19, 18S3, and received her education there, living in Pike township until her marriage. Three children have been bom to this union : Laurena, born in 190S: Lulie, 191 1 ; Xorma, 1914. }klrs. Hueseman is an earnest member of the Lutheran church.

George and Carc>line ( Buschman) Fischvngt. parents of Mrs. Ernst H. Hueseman. were nati\-es of Pike township, Ohio county. Indiana, and li\-ed there all tlieir li\es. Their cliildren were three in number. Alma, TIarry and William.

Ernst H. Hueseman is regarded as an extremely energetic farmer, to which occupation he gives his best attention. Fie and his wife have many warm and sincere friends in the township.

Many helpful lessons can be learned from the biography of one who keeps abreast of the times, as has the subject of the following sketch. The trouble with many who follow agricultural pursuits is that they allr>w themselves to get into a rut, and lose sight of the importance of keeping in touch with \\hat is going on in the world. Mr. Trennepohl has rendered his naturally strenuous vocation far more interesting, and lessened his labors by his interest in what others were accomplishing and how they did it, and by always being willing to profit by anything and everything of value in his line of work. He is public-spirited and progressive, taking a sincere interest in the welfare of the community in which he resides.

and is a son of Frederick and I\Iary (Brandt) Trcnnepohl. He grew to manhood on tlie home farm, and at an early date left Ripley county and engaged his .services in Center township for one year, after which he was employed by Henry P. Eusse for a period of ten years at Wilmington, during which time he saved enougli to buy a good farm in Hogan township, consisting of one hundred and thirl}'-four acres. Through hard \vork and honest dealings, his credit was of the best, and by his own industr}' and good character, he succeeded where others had failed, who had started out with better prospects than he. After living on his farm about six years, he sold it to J. W. Clements, and bought another tract of ninety-three acres, located on the Aloores Hill and Aurora pike. The only improvements on this place consisted of a barn and an old shop building. The barn was remodeled, and many new and valuable improvements were put on the place, inckuling an attracti\-e and comfortable new house, a silo added to the barn, corn crili, etc., and Air. Trcnnepohl now has one of the most attractive homes in the township. He has continued to add to his acreage until he now owns one hundred and eight acres, all in a good state of cultivation, with the exception of a portion whicli has been left for a woods pasture. He has held various township offices, and is at present superintendent of the ^Moores Hill and Aurora pike ; has served as a director of the Farmers Co-operative Telephone Company, and was elected in 1914 a member of the Hogan township advisory board.

Frederick Trennepohl was born in German}-, and came to this cc^nntry with his parents when quite small. The}- located in Rijiley county, where he grew up and was educated. ]\Ir. Trennepohl was an ardent niember of the Lutheran church. His death occurred iNIarch 6, 1883. Mr. Trennepohl was united in marriage \\-ith iMary Erandt. daughter of Henry and Adeline ( Heitman) Brandt. She was born on .\ugust 2. 1S45, in Ripley county, Indiana, and died in the same county, in 19 10. She survived her husband many years, and was again married, to John Harves, living the remainder of her life in Ripley count}-. Frederick and iMar}- f Brandt") Tiennepohl were the parents of seven children : John Henry, Frederick. John D , Christ, Harmon : Annie, wife of George Bauman: and Maggie, who became the wife of Adolph Herbst. By her second marriage, ]Mrs. Trennepohl (iMrs. Harves) was the mother of two children, Edward and Lulu, who is the wife of Frank Drandt.

John Henry Trennepohl was united in marriage on .April 2S. 1897, witli Adeline Annie Peters, daughter of Frederick and Annie (Aleyer) Peters. She was born on November 23, 1870. in Hogan township, Dearlxirn county. They have three children, Fred John Henry, Alma Mary and I^ura Anna Elizabeth. The entire familv belons: to the Lutheran church at Aurora.

I'Vederick Peters, father of Mrs. Trenncpohl, was born in Ccrniany, ami his wife, Annie (Meyer) Peters, is a nati\e of Ripley county. ]\Ir. Peters ha? followed agriculture for a grea-t many years, and is now living a retireil life in West Aurora. Indiana.

Through his up-to-date methods. Mr. Trenn.'pohl has Ijrought his fine farm to ? perfect state of cultivation, thus gi\'ing him the rei)Ulation of being a thoroughly successful and prosperous farmer.

Mrs. Elizabeth (Bainum) Canfield, whose name introduces this sketch, comes from early pioneer ancestiy, and has personally been a witness to the wonderful changes wrought by human hands since the fi->rests were filled with wild beasts and Indians. Her parents and grandparents were all well educated and people of unusual refinement. They were zealous church workers, and were amcmg the most progressixx people of th(ise times.

Elizabeth Bainum was born in 1833, in Hogan townshij). and is a daughter of Conway and Sarah (Deshicll) Bainum. She lived with her parents until the death of her mother, when she made her home with her brother and sister until the time of her marriage.

Conway Bainum, father of ]\Irs. Canfield, was born on August 9, 1809. in West Virginia, and was a son of William and Elizabeth (Bryan) liainum. He was one year old when his parents settled in Hogan township, in 1810. Here he grew to manhood, and was married on April 11. 1833, to Sarah Dcshiell, who was born on February 10, 18 12, in [Maryland, and was a daughter of Charles Deshiell. She came west with her parents at an earl_\- day. Air. Bainum was engaged at farming in the summer, and carried on a flatboat trade during the winter. He lived for a time between .\in-ora and \^\\- mington. In 1840 he moved on the Hogan pike, south of North Hogan creek, at the east edge of Hogan township, at which place he bought a farm of about one luuulred and thirty-fi\e acres. li\-ing lure until he passed to the "great beyond." Air. Bainum always followed farming, giving a jjortion of his attention to the raising r)f live stock. Air. and Airs. Bainum were the parents of four children, Elizabeth. Alfred, Alary J. and Charles. Alfred Bainum was a farmer, but is now retired, spending a great deal of his time in travel. He has a son who is engaged in the banking business at X'incennes,

Ehzaheth Bainuin was united in marriage in 1S90, with Alfred Canfield, who was Ixirn in Ilogan township. Dcarljorn county, in 1822, and was a son of Noyes Canfield. He followed the vocation of a fanner all his life, and previous to his marriage with our subject, he had been married and had five children by his first wife. After liis second marriage, he lived in Iowa for a time, and then mo\'ed to Hogan township, where he bought a small farm near the home of his father-in-law, and about a year prior to the death of Mrs. Canfield's father, they moved in with him and cared for him until he died. Mr. Canfield died in 1904. His religinus mcniljership was with the Methodist church, of wliich [Mrs. Canfield is also a member.

\\"illiam aiid Elizabeth Bainum, paternal grandparents of ]\Irs. Canfield. were natives of Wilmington, Delaware. The former was born on February 29, 1765, and the latter in October, 1790. They came to this county in iSio, where ]\Ir. Bainum followed fanning all his life. It is supposed they got their land from the government.

The maternal grandparents of !Mrs. Canfield were Charles Deshiell and wife, who came from Mar_\-land at an early day, locating just east of Moores Hill, \\iierc tliey bought a farm, which is now a jiart of iloores Hill. They lived here until quite old, when tliey sold out and moved to Illinois. IMr. Deshiell was a man of good education, and at one time had taught school.

Mrs. Canfield continues to reside on the farm where her father lived and died. She is one of the best known citizens of the township, where she has many loyal friends among- the young people as well as among those of more mature years.

Martin V. Bruce

One of the most interesting citizens of Hogan townsliip is the subject of this sketch, having gone through the most thrilling and exciting battles of our Civil War. His account of his experiences is of unusual interest, and it is a matter of deep regret that limited space prevents a more complete review of them. Although amply qualified for filling a position of high honor, he declined the commission as captain, being satisfied with the duties already under his charge.

iiist east of where he now lives. He is a son of W'iUiaiii and Lovey (Durlinm) Eruce. After attending the pubhc schools of the district and completing his edncation, Mr. Bruce followed farming on the home place nntil March 5, 1862, when he enlisted in Company B, Third Indiana Cavalry, and the sen'ice he saw was sufficient to satisfy the most ambitious in the line of wais nnd battles, participating in sinme. fifty or more of the mo.-.t important (if the latter. His regiment was nmler command of General Cu.ster and C,cn. George H. Chapman, serving in Pennsylvania, ^Maryland and Virginia, in the Army of the Potomac. He was in the battles of Gettysburg. Anlietam. the Wilderness, I'etersburg and others. \\'hile at Antietam he was engaged in a hand-to-hand struggle with a southern major-general, and being hard pressed, on account of his foes having cut off the hand-guard at the hill of his saber, Mr. Bruce drew his pistol, which «as empty, and pointing it. demanded that his foe surrender. The general dropped his sword and gave up, and Mr. Bruce brought him into camp with his horse and sword, the latter of which he has alwavs retained as a trophy. Soon after this he was promoted to the rank of sergeant, and a little later was virtually put in command of the company, but would not take commission as captain. W'hile at South ^Mountain, he was taken prisi.mer, and although the weather was at freezing point, his shoes and socks were taken from him, and he was placed on a pony behind a southern soldier, who rode along in the night and went to sleep and snored while riding-. Mr. Bruce saw his chance and slipped off into the bushes, escaping barefooted over the frozen ground to a negro cabin, where he secured food and a guide to go along, traveling by night and .-deeping by day until he reached Fredericksburg. From a darkey he met en route, he secured a pair of shoes. He was honorably discharged on March 28. 1865, after \\hich he returned home.

]\Tr. Bruce resumed the occupation of farming in the southwest corner of Hogan township, where he remained nearly twenty-five years, when he sold his property and bought one hundred and sixty acres in the northwest corner of the same township, a little north of ]Mt. Sinai, where b.e li^-ecl for eighteen years. After disposing of this second tract ^Ir. Bruce bought a small place of forty acres on the Aurora and Moores Hill pike, where he has since resided, his children having- all married. He is a Democrat, and his religious n-lember^hip is with the ]\Iethodist church. Pie belongs to Dearborn Lodge No. 536, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, at Wilmington. Indiana, and Bethlehem Encampment No. 3, Aurora, and in the Grand Army of the Republic, belongs to John A. Platter Post No. 82, at Aurora. He has been

William Bruce, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Hogan township, September 10, 1S04, and was a son of Amor Bruce. He grew up on land entered by his father on Xorth Hogan creek, and spent his entire life on a farm at tliis place. During the winter seasons William Bruce spent his time in flatboating to Xew Orleans, and for a time was justice of the peace. His death occurred on August 6, 187S, lea\'ing a competency for his entire famih'. His wife, I.o\'ey (llurham) Bruce, to whom he was married on December 25, 1S25, was born on July 25, 1809, in \'irginia, and was a daughter of John and Catharine (Conaway) Durham, natives uf Delaware. Mrs. Bruce died on January 18, 1892, in Hogan township. She was but five years old when her parents moved to Lawrenceburg, and in 1S19 they moved to Mount Tabor, wliere she juined the Alount Tabor ]\Iethodist church, which was originally built of logs. At the time of their marriage Mr. Bruce and his wife located a short distance west of \\'ilmington, where they spent the remainder of their li\es. Mr. and Mrs. William Bruce were the parents of twelve chililren, two of wh(_mi died yijung: Catharine, Jolin W., Sini'm B., Martin \'., William F., James C, ]\Ieli.ssa, Isabelle, Mary ]\I., Bolivar, Sophrona and one other.

Martin V. Bruce was married on April 11, 1867, to Cornelia J. Givan, daughter of William H. and Jane (Ferris) Givan, who was born in ]\Ianchester township. To this union were born four children, Eugene, Jennie L., Arthur ]\L and Alma. Eugene is now a member of the Indianapolis police force. He was married to Christina Amdor, and has two children, Raleigh and Gladys. Jennie L. is the wife of Tilden Smith and resides at Indianapolis. ^Ir. Smith weighs about three hundred and twenty pounds, and is also a member of the Indianapolis police force, being located on one of the down-town corners. Mr. and }vlrs. Smith have two children, Thelma and Ralph. Arthur M. is principal of a business college, at Birmingham, Alabama. Alma became tlie wife of George Morris, and lived at Aurora. She died on Februarj- 15, 1915, leaving three children, Ruth, Warren and Glen.

William H. Givan, father of Airs. ISIartin V. Bruce, was born on April 22, 1S20, in INIaryland, and died on June 7. 1896, aged se\'enty-si.x years. He was a brother of Judge Xoah S. Givan, a biography of whom is presented elsewhere in this volume, to which the reader is referred for the genealixgy of the Givan family. Air. Givan followed fanning all his life in Alanchester township, where he officiated as justice of the peace for sixteen years, and never held a trial, al\va_\s settling cases out of cciurt. He was a natural peacemaker and an ardent friend of the (icmians. wlm trusted him imi)licitl_\'. accepting his advice and judgment gladly. William 11. Cii\an was united in marriage, October 19, 1843, with Jane M. Ferris, daughter of Sylvester and Rhoda (King) Ferris, of Ilolman, }vlanchester township. They were the parents of the following children: Cornelia Jane, Laura, Rhoda, Connelley and Saraii Al.

Joshua Givan, the paternal grandfather of Mrs. Bruce, was born on July 2, 1788, in Maryland, and died on January 31, 1874. Pie was united in marriage, in 181 1, \vith Hyirietta Davis, who died on June 14, 1876, aged almost eighty -one years. Givan cast his first vote for President for James ^ladison at his second election, and his last vote was for Horace Greeley, in 1872. To the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Givan the following children were born: George, William FL, Alartha, Xoali S., Robert and Marv A. They were anient members of the Baptist church, with which denomination they had been identified for sixty years.

Henry F. Schumacher

Another indication of the thrift and industry of our German citizens and their descendants is the history of Henry F. Schumacher anrl his emigrant father. In times of failure and disappointment th.ey have d<jggedly adh.ered to their purpose, brushing aside obstacles and renew^ing their attack each time with renewed force until success rewarded their efforts.

Henr\- F. Schumacher was boni on Xovember 13. 1857, near Hartfurd. Dearborn county, and is a snn of John C. and Caroline ( Moerker ) Schumacher. He grew up and followed farming about one and one-half miles northwest of Aurora, where he now resides, and wdiere his father made his home for twenty-two jears, the home place being registered under the name of "Horse Shoe Bend." Air. Schumacher has always been devoted to farm life, living thirty-one years on one place. He is an ardent Republican, and his membership is with the Lutheran church.

John C. Schumacher, father of the subject of this sketch, was horn D.'cember 4, 1830, at Flarbenfeldt, near Essen, in Germany, coming to America at the age of twenty-one years. When he arrived, all his earthly possessions were carried on his bade from the wharf, and he ^vas seven dollars and fift\' cents in debt. Engaging^ his services on a farm, he worked until he had sa\ed enough to start tip on a farm for himself. Mr. Schumacher was married twice, his first wife being Caroline Moerker, who was reared near Coles Corner in Ohio count}-, Indiana, and was of German parentage. Her death occurred where her son, Henry, was a very small child, leaving two children. Henry J and Sophia. Mr. Schumacher's second wife was Anna Hartker, a native of Germany, born near Essen, tn which union eleven children were biirn.

Henrv' E. Schumacher was united in marriage in 1883, with Florence Nieman, daughter of John Frederick and Clara (Eilert) Nieman, natives of Gemiany, where ]Mrs. Schumacher was born. She was a balie in arms when her parents came to America. Thev settled at Aurora, residing there for a number of years, and finally mo\-e(l to Ohio count}-, and engaged in farn-iing until well advanced in years, when they moved to Aurora, where ]^Ir. Nieman died. Mrs. Xieman survives her husband, and still makes her home at Aurora. I\Irs. Schumacher died in 1910, leaving eight children, as follow : Lulu Anne, Walter, David. Carl, Bertha, Henry ].. Jr., Arthur and Leona. Lulu Anne is the wife of Albert Petchen, and resides at Aurora. She is die mother of two children, Marjorie and Albert Ray. Walter is in California. David was married to Blanche Almlraugh. and resides at Corona. California. Carl also makes his home at Corona. California. Bertha became the wife of Frank Shuter, and now lives on the home place with her father, her husband taking full managen-ient of the farm. Henr}' F. lives near home with his uncle Frederick. Arthur is attending .schiKjl, as is also Leona. both at home. ^Ir. Schumacher is one of the most highly respected citizens in the township, where he is also one of the most prosperous.

George A. Riggs

Considerable interest centers around the subject of the following sketch, since he has die distinction of having seen the ninth President of the United States, W'illiani Henry Harrison, and was an eye witness to the "rain of stars," the wonderful event of those never-to-be-forgotten times. He has seen all the changes in transportation methods, from ox-teams and flatln'ats to the later steamboat and steam car, as well as the present day auto-truck and parcel post systems. 'Sir. Riggs possesses a wonderful wealth of interesting incidents of early days.